Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen 
Title: Introduction: Input-Output Analysis of Interindustry R&D Spillovers 
Abstract:
  As an introduction to this special issue on intersectoral R&D spillovers,
 I shall first explain what these spillovers are and how economists try to
 estimate them. I shall then describe the seven papers selected for this
 issue from the expanding literature on R&D spillovers, summarize their
 major results and suggest further avenues of research in this area. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-8 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000001 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000001
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Wolff 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff 
Title: Spillovers, Linkages and Technical Change 
Abstract:
  Using US input-output data for the period 1958-87, I find strong evidence
 that industry total factor productivity (TFP) growth is significantly
 related to the TFP performance of the supplying sectors, with an
 elasticity of almost 60%. R&D intensity is also found to be a significant
 determinant of industry TFP growth, with an estimated return of about
 10-13% and the return to embodied R&D is estimated at 43%. Direct
 productivity spillovers, from the technological progress made by supplying
 sectors, appear to be more important than spillovers from the R&D
 performed by suppliers. They also play a key role in explaining changes in
 manufacturing TFP growth over time. Changes in the contribution made by
 direct productivity spillovers to TFP growth account for almost half of
 the slowdown in TFP growth in manufacturing from 1958-67 to 1967-77, and
 for 20% of the TFP growth recovery in this sector from 1967-77 to 1977-87.
 Changes in R&D intensity and embodied R&D are relatively unimportant in
 explaining movements in manufacturing TFP growth over these three periods. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 9-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Embodied R&D, embodied total factor productivity growth, productivity, linkages, USA, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000002
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hans van Meijl 
Author-X-Name-First: Hans 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meijl 
Title: Measuring Intersectoral Spillovers: French Evidence 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we measure the effect of internal R&D and various
 spillover concepts on productivity growth, using a database for France
 that covers the period 1978-92. Three spillover concepts are
 distinguished: rent spillovers related to investment goods; rent
 spillovers related to intermediate goods; pure knowledge spillovers. When
 production is measured by gross output, all three spillover concepts yield
 positive and statistically significant coefficients. Each concept has a
 measurable effect on technological progress at the sectoral level. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 25-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, patents, productivity growth, France, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000003
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Verspagen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verspagen 
Title: Measuring Intersectoral Technology Spillovers: Estimates from the European and US Patent Office Databases 
Abstract:
  This paper presents several new methods for measuring intersectoral
 knowledge spillovers, and applies these methods in an analysis of
 productivity growth in manufacturing for a cross-country, cross-sectional
 sample for the 1980s. It is argued that existing methods of measuring such
 intersectoral knowledge spillovers are mostly aimed at measuring so-called
 crent spillovers'. The methods developed here are aimed at measuring
 knowledge spillovers&#x2014;an additional aspect of the spillover process.
 The empirical analysis shows that there are indeed differences between
 these two types of spillover measure. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 47-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, patents, productivity growth, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000004
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Synnove Vuori 
Author-X-Name-First: Synnove 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vuori 
Title: Interindustry Technology Flows and Productivity in Finnish Manufacturing 
Abstract:
  The paper examines the importance of interindustry technology flows in
 finnish manufacturing in the 1980s and early 1990s. An attempt is made to
 distinguish between embodied technology flows and spillovers, so
 clarifying the spillover concept.Embodied technology covers intermediate
 goods and capital equipment. The embodied technology data that have been
 used are partly based on input&#x2014;output analysis, while the spillover
 estimates presented are based on measures of technological distance based
 on the industry-specific distributions of R&D expenditures. Econometric
 analysis of the effects of the various technology inputs on total factor
 productivity implies that technology embodied in foreign machinery,
 domestic spillovers and, to some extent, the firms' own R&D have been the
 most important technology sources on average. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 67-80 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Technology flows, R&D spillovers, total factor productivity, Finland, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000005
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Norihisa Sakurai 
Author-X-Name-First: Norihisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakurai 
Author-Name: George Papaconstantinou 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Papaconstantinou 
Author-Name: Evangelos Ioannidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ioannidis 
Title: Impact of R&D and Technology Diffusion on Productivity Growth: Empirical Evidence for 10 OECD Countries 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the empirical evidence on the impact of performed R&D
 and of R&D embodied in intermediate and capital goods on productivity
 performance in 10 major OECD countries over the last two decades. To
 quantify intersectoral and international technology flows, industry-level
 embodied R&D variables were constructed from an input-output (IO) R&D
 embodiment model. The productivity variables used are discrete Divisia
 growth indexes of total factor productivity (TFP), which were estimated
 from an IO growth accounting model. The results from pooled regressions
 indicate that the rates of return of the R&D variables were positively
 significant and increasing in the 1980s. In particular, embodied R&D is an
 important source for TFP growth in services, indicating very high social
 returns of the flows of capital-embodied technology into this sector.
 Moreover, the information and communi-cation technology (ICT) cluster of
 industries played a major role in the generation and cquisition of new
 technologies at the international level. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 81-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D, embodied R&D, productivity, ICT sector, OECD countries, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000006
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey Bernstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein 
Title: Interindustry R&D Spillovers for Electrical and Electronic Products: The Canadian Case 
Abstract:
  This paper estimates the effects of interindustry R&D spillovers on the
 cost and production structure for 10 Canadian manufacturing industries.
 Because of their high-tech nature and productivity performance, spillovers
 from electrical and electronic products are distinguished from other
 spillover sources. Generally, spillovers from electrical and electronic
 products generate cost reductions and render production processes for
 Canadian manufacturing industries more capital intensive (i.e. either more
 physical or R&D capital intensive). Social rates of return for R&D capital
 are calculated for all 10 industries. The social rates are 5-11 times
 greater than are the private rates. Indeed, the social rates are high for
 all the industries. This implies that the electrical and electronic
 products industry is an important interindustry spillover source but, like
 other industries, a major spillover-using industry. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 111-125 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, cost function, electrical products industry, Canada, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000007
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hiroyuki Odagiri 
Author-X-Name-First: Hiroyuki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Odagiri 
Author-Name: Shin-ya Kinukawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shin-ya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinukawa 
Title: Contributions and Channels of Interindustry R&D Spillovers: An Estimation for Japanese High-tech Industries 
Abstract:
  This paper estimates the contributions of R&D spillovers to four
 high-tech industries in Japan&#x2014;general machinery, electrical
 machinery, transportation machinery and chemicals&#x2014;by estimating the
 trans-log cost and share functions that include the R&D stock variables of
 own and spillover-source industries. The candidates for spillover- source
 industries are selected on the basis of large R&D flow or R&D proximity.
 The R&D flow measures the spillover embodied in purchased intermediate
 goods using input-output coefficients. The R&D proximity measures the
 extent of similarity between a pair of industries of the distribution of
 R&D expenditures across research fields, and is expected to show the
 likelihood of spillover at the R&D stage. The results suggest that
 electrical machinery benefited from R&D in the chemical industry, through
 the purchase of intermediate goods, whereas general machinery and
 transportation machinery benefited from R&D in the metal products
 industry, through R&D proximity. There was no evidence of the chemical
 industry benefiting from R&D spillovers. These results clearly imply that
 the contributions and the channels of R&D spillovers are diverse, casting
 doubt on earlier studies that used weighted sums of R&D expenditures (or
 their stocks) of other industries as aggregate spillover variables. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 127-142 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, R&D proximity, cost function, Japan, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000008
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Debresson 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Debresson 
Title: Foreword 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 147-147 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000009 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000009
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Evenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evenson 
Author-Name: Daniel Johnson 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson 
Title: Introduction: Invention Input-Output Analysis 
Abstract:
  The papers in this issue are directed towards the development of
 invention input-output (I(IO)) coefficients. They discuss the procedures
 for creating I(IO) coefficients using the Yale Technology Concordance,
 which assigns patented inventions to the industry of manufacture and
 sector of use, utilizing the International Patent Class system. Tests of
 reliability of the I(Io) coefficients and their use in economic studies
 are reported. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 149-160 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Patents, Yale Technology Concordance, input-output data, R&D spillovers, total factor productivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000010 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000010
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel Kortum 
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kortum 
Author-Name: Jonathan Putnam 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Putnam 
Title: Assigning Patents to Industries: Tests of the Yale Technology Concordance 
Abstract:
  We describe a method to predict patent counts disaggregated by industry,
 using available data on patenting by technology field. This
 method&#x2014;the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC)&#x2014;exploits a data
 set of patents that have been individually assigned by the Canadian Patent
 Office to both an industry and a technology field. The procedure for
 predicting patents by industry is developed as a statistical model so that
 the standard errors of the predictions can be estimated. The YTC is tested
 on several subsets of Canadian patents by comparing out-of-sample
 predictions with industry assignments made by the Canadian Patent Office.
 We find that the predictions of patents by industry are quite accurate for
 the subset of patents form US inventors. The prediction errors are much
 greater for the subset of patents granted or published after 1989. This
 suggests that the relationship between the technology fields and
 industries has shifted in a way that the procedure does not capture.
 Nonetheless, predictions from the YTC do appear to give a reasonably
 accurate picture of the pattern of patenting by industry. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 161-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Patents, Yale Technology Concordance, industry classzjication, Canada, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000011 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000011
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Johnson 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson 
Author-Name: Robert Evenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evenson 
Title: Innovation and Invention in Canada 
Abstract:
  This paper compares innovation survey data with invention data as
 recorded by patents (and, therefore, the basis of the Yale Technology
 Concordance), presenting input-output tables for both data sets. We
 describe and compare the intersec-toral flows of technology from the
 industry of manufacture (IOM) to the sector of use (SOU); compare
 patent-to-innovation ratios by industry; and present correlations between
 innovation, invention and R&D by industy. One significant conclusion is
 that, while innovation and invention data are highly correlated in the
 IOM, they diverge on the SOU, especially in certain key industries that we
 identify. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 177-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Patents, Yale Technology Concordance, input&#x2014;output data, R&D spillovers, Canada, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000012
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brian Fikkert 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fikkert 
Title: Application of the Yale Technology Concordance to the Construction of International Spillover Variables for India 
Abstract:
  Although there is increased interest in the role of international
 technology spillovers, empirical studies have been hampered by a host of
 measurement problems. This paper reviews recent attempts to address two of
 these problems. First, there are differing degrees of transferability of
 technology from one region to another. Second, both embodied and
 disembodied technology are transferred, and these different modes of
 transfer have distinct implications for both behavior and policy. To deal
 with the first measurement problem, the Yale Technology Concordance
 (YTC)&#x2014;a matrix that maps patents into industries of manufacture and
 sectors of use&#x2014;was used to construct indices of relevance of
 foreign technology to India. To deal with the second measurement problem,
 the YTC was again used to construct pools of embodied and disembodied
 international technology. After describing the variable construction, the
 paper highlights the performance of these variables in equations that
 predict Indian firms' R&D, technology purchases and output. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 193-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Yale Technology Concordance, International R&D spillovers, India, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000013 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000013
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hans van Meijl 
Author-X-Name-First: Hans 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meijl 
Title: Measuring the Impact of Direct and Indirect R&D on the Productivity Growth of Industries: Using the Yale Technology Concordance 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the impact of direct and indirect R&D on the
 productivity growth of 30 French industries during the period 1978-92. The
 main aim of this paper is to assess the appropriateness of the Yale
 Technology Concordance (YTC) as a proxy for indirect R&D flows. We compare
 the effect on productivity growth of the Yale proxy with the traditional
 proxy based on goods input-output flows, and assess their suitability for
 different groups of industries. Results indicate that the indirect YTC
 proxy performs slightly better than the traditional proxy, as a result of
 superior performance in the high-tech and service sectors in particular. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 205-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Yale Technology Concordance, input-output data, total factor productiv-ity growth, R&D spillovers, France, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000014 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000014
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfgang Keller 
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keller 
Title: Technology Flows Between Industries: Identification and Productivity Effects 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates whether the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC)
 succeeds in identzbing technology flows between sectors. As a test, total
 factor productivity (TFP)-R&D regressions based on the YTC matrix are
 compared with regressions using technology flow data constructed fram
 input-output matrices and randomly created interindusty linkages. Because
 results based on the YTC do not dzffer markedly from the other estimates,
 one cannot easily infer @om the empirical evidence whether the YTC matrix
 appropriately captures interindusty technology flows or not. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 213-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Yale Technology Concordance, total factor productivity, R&D spillovers, input-output data, USA, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000015 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000015
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Evenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evenson 
Title: Industrial Productivity Growth Linkages Between OECD Countries, 1970-90 
Abstract:
  Technology 'spillovers' are increasingly being recognized as sources of
 productivity growth. International 'convergence' in productivity levels
 has also been noted in recent studies. This paper reports a study of
 international total factor productivity (TFP) growth for 11 industrial
 sectors in seven OECD countries. Spillover variables are defined based on
 interindusty and international invention input-output (I(IO)) weights.
 These variables are tested against import-weighted variables. The study
 concludes that I(IO)-weighted R&D 'spill-ins' are important determinants
 of TFP growth and that convergence is dependent on domestic RBD. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 221-230 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Total factor productivity, R&D spillovers, input-output data, OECD, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000016 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000016
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Author-Name: Neri Salvadori 
Author-X-Name-First: Neri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvadori 
Title: Exhaustible Resources in a Dynamic Input-Output Model with 'Classical' Features 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the problem of exhaustible resources in a dynamic
 input-output model with 'classical' features. Both the quantity side and
 the price and distribution side are discussed. The argument is developed
 using the simplifying assump- tions that there is no technical progress
 and that no new deposits of the exhaustible resources are discovered. To
 avoid the ' end-of-world' scenario, it is assumed that there is a
 'backstop technology': this implies that exhaustible resources are useful
 but not necessary in the production and reproduction of commodities. A
 necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of paths of prices,
 quantities produced, and stocks of resources converging to the
 ultralong-period position is determined, provided that the backstop
 technology exhibits some appropriate properties. In addition, an algorithm
 to determine these paths is suggested. A numerical example illustrates the
 findings. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 235-252 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Dynamic input-output model, exhaustible resources, cost minimization, backstop technology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000017 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000017
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andras Brody 
Author-X-Name-First: Andras 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody 
Title: The Second Eigenvalue of the Leontief Matrix 
Abstract:
  According to Frobenius, a positive matrix possesses a unique positive
 eigenvector which belongs to a positive eigenvalue. This eigenvalue is of
 the largest absolute magnitude and the matrix admits no other positive
 eigenvector. If an arbitrary positive vector is repeatedly premultiplied
 by such a matrix, then the result tends towards this positive eigenvector.
 It is the second largest eigenvalue that determines the speed of
 convergence. The estimate of the second eigenvalue of a purely random flow
 coefficient matrix shows that its expected absolute magnitude declines
 monotonically with the size of the matrix. Hence, the larger the system is
 the faster is the convergence. A prescribed exactness of the eigenvector
 (of equilibrium prices or quantities) will be reached after a
 few&#x2014;perhaps just a couple of&#x2014;iterations in a large system. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 253-258 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Equilibrium, convergence stability, market, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000018 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000018
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul De Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Boer 
Title: On the Relationship between Input-Output Coefficients and Hanoch's Linear Homogeneous Constant Differences of Elasticities of Substitution Production Function 
Abstract:
  Tilanus's 'mixed' input-output coefficients are generalized and it is
 shown that the generalized coefficients stand in a fixed proportion to
 each other if and only if the technology is described by Hanoch 's linear
 homogeneous constant differences of elasticities of substitution
 production function. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 259-264 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Input-output coefficients, HCDES production function, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000019 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000019
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Sonis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonis 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Sri Sulistyowati 
Author-X-Name-First: Sri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sulistyowati 
Title: Block Structural Path Analysis: Applications to Structural Changes in the Indonesian Economy 
Abstract:
  The compilation of several social accounting matrices for Indonesia has
 enabled the analysis of some important aspects of the structure of the
 Indonesian economy. In the present paper, the analysis that has been
 conducted with structural path methods will be enhanced through the
 identification of a block structure for the technique. This block
 structural path analysis is offered as a complement to&#x2014;not a
 replacement for&#x2014;the traditional applications of this method. A new
 form of triple decomposition of the social accounting matrix inverse is
 offered to assist in identifying important changes in the structure of the
 Indonesian economy for 1975, 1980 and 1985. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 265-280 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Structural path analysis, social accounting matrices, decomposition anal- ysis, Indonesia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000020 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000020
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberto De Santis 
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Santis 
Author-Name: H. Gazi Ozhan 
Author-X-Name-First: H. Gazi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozhan 
Title: Social Accounting Matrix for Turkey 1990 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 281-285 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000021 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000021
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:281-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terry Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Terry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 287-288 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:287-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andras Brody 
Author-X-Name-First: Andras 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 289-290 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000023 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000023
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:289-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victor Bulmer-thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Victor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bulmer-thomas 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 291-291 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000024
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:291-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gulay Gunluk-Senesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Gulay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gunluk-Senesen 
Author-Name: Benan Zeki Orbay 
Author-X-Name-First: Benan Zeki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orbay 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 291-293 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000025 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000025
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Reinert 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reinert 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 293-294 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000026 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000026
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:293-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Books and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 294-297 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000027 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000027
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:3:p:294-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergio Rey 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rey 
Title: Coefficient Change in Embedded Econometric and Input-Output Models at the Regional Level 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the nature of coefficient change in integrated
 econometric (EC) and input-output (IO) models that employ an embedding
 strategy. Existing approaches towards coefficient change in integrated
 models are first reviewed and several substantive processes that give rise
 to dynamic coefficients at the regional level are identified. The main
 sources of coefficient change arise from dynamic adjustment processes that
 affect the regional purchase coefficients, regional technological
 coefficients and regional integration parameters. Each of these sources of
 change requires a different treatment when adopting an EC perspective. A
 general framework is suggested that nests each treatment as a specific
 case. The different specifications are then implemented in an embedded EC
 and IO employment demand model for the San Diego region, and evaluated
 through a series of in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting experiments.
 Simulation performance is found to improve through the use of a
 time-varying integra tion parameter. The results also indicate that model
 performance is more sensitive to the use of dynamic regional purchase
 coefficients than to the use of dynamic technical coefficients. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 307-330 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Integrated, econometric, input-output model, coefficient change, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:307-330




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Van Pottelsberghe 
Author-X-Name-Last: De La Potterie 
Title: Issues in Assessing the Effect of Interindustry R&D Spillovers 
Abstract:
  This paper aims to clarify three issues concerning the weighting methodol
 ogy generally used to evaluate interindustry R&D spillovers. These issues
 concern the likely nature of the spillovers estimated through different
 types of supporting matrices; the similarity between input-output (IO),
 technology flows and technological proximity matrices; and the relevance
 of the assumption that a single matrix can be used for different
 countries. Data analyses of weighting components show that technology
 flows matrices are in an intermediate position between IO matrices and
 technological proximity matrices, but closer to the former. The various IO
 matrices, as well as the three technological proximity matrices, are very
 similar to each other. The panel data estimates of the effect of different
 types of interindustry R&D spillovers on industrial productivity growth in
 the G7 countries reject the hypotheses that a technology flows matrix can
 be approximated by an IO matrix and that a single IO matrix can be usedfor
 different countries. By transitivity, the procedure that comprises using a
 single technology flow for several countries is not reliable. The
 international comparison shows that each country benefits from different
 types of R&D externality. In Japan and, to a lesser extent, in the US, the
 rate of return to direct R&D is very high and is likely to compensate for
 relatively weak interindustry R&D spillover effects. In the five other
 industrialized countries, the reverse observation is true: strong social
 rates of return to R&D counterbal ance the poor performances of direct
 R&D. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 331-356 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Interindustry R&D spillovers, rate of return to R&D, social return to R&D, international comparison, panel data analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:331-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: Treatment of Fixed Capital in the Sraffian Framework and in the Theory of Dynamic Input-Output Models 
Abstract:
  This paper is concerned with a comparison of the treatment of fixed
 capital in some multi-sectoral models. First, the dynamic Leontief model
 is investigated. Scrutiny shows that this model suffers from conceptual
 misconceptions which result from restrictive assumptions concerning
 full-capacity production and the transferability of capital in place, and
 from the definition of technical coefficients. Whereas most input-output
 (IO) models are based on the assumption of infinite life of fixed capital,
 the Sraffian concept is to treat used fixed capital items as
 'intermediate' goods, which appear as joint products until they are worn
 out. To compare that approach with some IO models, an application of the
 concept of a 'plant' is provided. Finally, it is demonstrated that
 Leontief's model, as well as some recent generalizations, are special
 cases of a Sraffa-von Neumann type of model. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 357-374 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Multi-sectoral growth, fixed capital, dynamic Leontief model, Sraffa, von Neumann, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000031 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000031
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:357-374




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Treloar 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Treloar 
Title: Extracting Embodied Energy Paths from Input-Output Tables: Towards an Input-Output-based Hybrid Energy Analysis Method 
Abstract:
  Embodied energy is defined as the energy consumed in all activities
 necessary to support a process, including upstream processes. The Leontief
 inverse input-output (IO) matrix gives results that are practically
 complete, because of the aggregation of direct and indirect requirements,
 but which are also unreliable, because of inherent assumptions. Although
 accurate for the system boundary considered, process analysis results are
 incomplete relative to the pure IO system boundary. Attempts to combine
 process and IO analysis tend to be based on process analysis data. The
 system boundary is still significantly incomplete&#x2014;although not as
 incomplete as for pure process analysis. An IO-based hybrid analysis
 technique that requires the extraction of particular paths from the direct
 IO matrix has been developed. The potential for embodied energy paths to
 be used as the basis for a hybrid analysis of the Australian residential
 building sector is discussed. The results indicate that less than
 three-quarters of the total embodied energy of this sector is likely to be
 able to be validated, because of the complexity of the embodied energy
 paths. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 375-391 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Leontief inverse, energy analysis, hybrid analysis, particular paths, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000032 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000032
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:375-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Jan Van Der Linden 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Linden 
Title: European Technology, Trade and Income Changes for 1975-85: An Intercountry Input-Output Decomposition 
Abstract:
  This paper refines, develops and applies input-output (IO) decomposition
 analysis: by providing it with a unique intercountry perspective, by
 concentrating on explaining income growth, and by systematically
 separating the effects of trade structure changes from the effects of
 technology and preference changes. The resulting matrix formula
 distinguishes six components and is applied to a set of European Community
 (EC) intercountry IO tables for 1975 and 1985 with 25 sectors and eight EC
 countries. Because GDP growth is analyzed in nominal terms, macro-economic
 demand growth is found to be the most important component. The other five
 components relate to the effects of coefficient changes. Their sizes are
 smaller, but significant and widely different between sectors and
 countries, which shows that there is clear potential for effective sector
 policies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 393-412 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Technological change, trade structure, income growth, decomposition analysis, European Community, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000033 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000033
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:393-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rainer Vo&#x3b2;kamp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rainer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vo&#x3b2;kamp 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 413-415 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319700000034 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319700000034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:9:y:1997:i:4:p:413-415




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Polenske 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polenske 
Title: Foreword: 10th Volume of Economic Systems Research Journal of the International Input-Output Association 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000001 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Bidard 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bidard 
Author-Name: Guido Erreygers 
Author-X-Name-First: Guido 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erreygers 
Title: The Adjustment Property 
Abstract:
  An input-output (IO) system which is capable of producing any
 semi-positive net product by an adequate choice of the activity levels of
 its processes satisfies the 'adjustment' property. We analyze under which
 conditions the adjustment property holds for IO systems in which some
 produced goods have a purely intermediate character. The peculiarity of
 these pure capital goods is that final demand for them is identically
 zero. One of the ways to deal with this type of system is to eliminate the
 pure capital goods, by means of vertical integration. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Input-output systems, fixed capital, vertical integration, non-substitution, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000002
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Goran Ostblom 
Author-X-Name-First: Goran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ostblom 
Title: The Environmental Outcome of Emissions-intensive Economic Growth: A Critical Look at Official Growth Projections for Sweden up to the Year 2000 
Abstract:
  Implications for carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
 emissions from the Swedish government's medium-term economic projections
 are assessed, considering Sweden's environmental goals. Data from the
 first environmental accounting matrix of Sweden are exploited within the
 framework of the interindustry model to give emission multipliers for
 various components of aggregate demand. In view of these emission
 multipliers, it is evident that the outlined macro-economic development
 does not conform with Sweden's environmental goals. The oil price and the
 structural changes assumed in the economic projections stress still
 further the need for strong environmental policy measures to attain the
 emission goals. The allocation of total expenditure is shown here to be a
 critical factor for bringing down the emissions to accepted levels. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Emission multipliers, macro-economic projections, emission/GDP ratio, environmental goals, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000003
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:19-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Cabrer 
Author-X-Name-First: B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cabrer 
Author-Name: D. Contreras 
Author-X-Name-First: D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Contreras 
Author-Name: A. Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: Prices Revisited: Their Effects on Industrial Structure 
Abstract:
  In January 1986, Spain became a member of the European Economic Community
 (now the European Union). This had two major effects on the Spanish
 economy: first, the introduction of a new tax, i. e. value-added tax;
 second, the variation of foreign trade taxes. The new situation produced
 considerable changes throughout the Spanish economy, but the main effect
 was on the country's industrial structure. Therefore, the objective of
 this paper is to verify how Spain's industrial production system was
 affected by these two facts, in view of price variations induced by the
 circumstances mentioned. We present the analysis at the regional level. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 31-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Industrial structure, import goods, price effect, productive process, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000004
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:31-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuyuki Motohashi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuyuki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motohashi 
Title: How Japan-US Economic Interdependence Changed from 1985 to 1990: Some Findings from Price-adjusted MITI Intercountry Input-Output Tables 
Abstract:
  This paper consists of two parts. First, constant-price Japan-US
 intercountry input-output (IO) tables are compiled, based on Japan-US IO
 tables of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for 1985
 and 1990, and the relative producer prices of both countries, which are
 estimated by the 'peeling off' method from OECD purchasing power parity
 data. Second, a factor decomposition analysis is carried out to show
 changes in Japan-US economic interdependence between 1985 and 1990. The
 Leontief inverse matrices of intercountry IO tables are decomposed into
 three matrices, which reflect domestic repercussion effects, spillover
 effects to the other country and feedback effects of own final demand from
 the other country. Then, a traditional decomposition analysis of changes
 in production for both countries is applied to see how both countries'
 economic interdependence changed. It is found that Japan-US economic
 interdependence moved from a pattern of Japan's dependence on the US to an
 almost equally interdependent pattern, although the degree of dependence
 was still higher in Japan in 1990. At the same time, there are significant
 industrial structural changes in the relationship between both countries,
 as a result of the significant appreciation of the yen relative to the
 dollar from 1985 to 1990. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 45-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Multinational input-output tables, intercountry price adjustment, trade structure, Japan, US, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000005
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:45-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mun-Heng Toh 
Author-X-Name-First: Mun-Heng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toh 
Title: The RAS Approach in Updating Input-Output Matrices: An Instrumental Variable Interpretation and Analysis of Structural Change 
Abstract:
  The main purposes of the paper are to reconsider the rationale of the RAS
 method, and to attempt to improve on its interpretation and usefulness.
 The substitution and fabrication factors in the RAS method are interpreted
 as statistical estimates obtained by the method of instrumental variables.
 This enables the computation of asymptotic standard errors for the factors
 and the relative precision of the predicted technical coefficients.
 Furthermore, an adjustment cost minimization model to describe how a
 sector determines its substitution and fabrication factors is presented.
 The solutions of the model provide another rationale for the RAS method,
 and the associated Lagrangian multipliers can be useful for assessing
 structural constraints and structural change. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 63-78 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: RAS method, instrumental variables, sectoral optimization model, Lagrange multipliers, relative precision of coefficients, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000006
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:63-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gyorgy Molnar 
Author-X-Name-First: Gyorgy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molnar 
Author-Name: Andras Simonovits 
Author-X-Name-First: Andras 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonovits 
Title: The Subdominant Eigenvalue of a Large Stochastic Matrix 
Abstract:
  Using intuition and computer experimentation, Brady conjectured that the
 ratio of the subdominant eigenvalue to the dominant eigenvalue of a
 positive random matrix (with identically and independently distributed
 entries) converges to zero when the number of the sectors tends to
 infinity. In this paper, we discuss the deterministic case and, among
 other things, prove the following version of this conjecture: if each
 entry of the matrix deviates from 1/n by at most &#x3b8;/n1+&#x435;, then
 the modulus of the subdominant root is at most &#x3b8;/n&#x435; where
 &#x3b8; and &#x3b5; are arbitrary positive real parameters. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 79-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Convergence, large systems, stochastic matrices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000007
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:79-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Osmo Forssell 
Author-X-Name-First: Osmo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forssell 
Author-Name: Karen Polenske 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polenske 
Title: Introduction: Input-Output and the Environment 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 91-97 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565468 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565468
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:91-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mette Wier 
Author-X-Name-First: Mette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wier 
Title: Sources of Changes in Emissions from Energy: A Structural Decomposition Analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the anatomy of Danish energy consumption and
 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO,) and nitrogen
 oxides (NO,). Changes in emissions between 1966 and 1988 were investigated
 using input-output structural decomposition analysis. Production-based
 emissions have undergone substantially greater changes than have private
 consumption emissions, and the increased level of final demand explains
 most of this development. Although the level of CO2 emissions has risen
 proportionally to energy consumption, the NO, emissions level has
 increased relatively more and the SO, emissions level has declined
 considerably. There are several reasons for these developments, the main
 reason being changes in fuel mix in the energy-supply sector. Energy
 conservation has been implemented throughout the economy-with the
 important exception of transportation fuel. In most sectors and all demand
 categories, there has been a shift towards less energy-intensive
 composition of inputs and commodities. Both effects have considerably
 reduced emissions, but this has been outweighed by economic growth, which
 has required energy for further production throughout the whole period
 studied. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 99-112 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Energy and energy-related emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>, SO, and NO, structural decomposition analysis, input-output modelling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565469 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:99-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glenn-Marie Lange 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn-Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lange 
Title: Applying an Integrated Natural Resource Accounts and Input-Output Model to Development Planning in Indonesia 
Abstract:
  Natural resource accounts (NRA) can provide an effective tool for linking
 information about the environment and the economy. However, because NRA
 are quite new, their contribution to policy-making is not yet well
 established. This paper provides an example of how NRA can be used for
 policy analysis based on work conducted in Indonesia. An
 environmental-economic model is constructed by integrating the NRA with a
 30-sector, dynamic input-output model. To assess the environmental
 implications of Indonesia's second long-term development plan, six
 alternative scenarios of ways to achieve the objectives of the plan were
 constructed for the period 1984-2020. These scenarios were based on
 combinations of assumptions about rates of economic growth and
 technological change, especially where this growth or change affects
 resource use. Economic and environmental results of the alternative
 scenarios are discussed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 113-134 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Natural resource accounts, dynamic input-output model, environmental-economic model, Indonesia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565470 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565470
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhongxiang Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongxiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Macro-economic and Sectoral Effects of Carbon Taxes: A General Equilibrium Analysis for China 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes the macro-economic and sectoral effects of carbon
 taxes imposed to achieve predefined carbon dioxide (CO2) emission targets
 for China, by using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the
 Chinese economy. Following a brief introduction of the model, the baseline
 scenario for the Chinese economy until 2010 is developed under a set of
 assumptions about the exogenous variables. Next, the paper analyzes the
 economic implications of two less restrictive scenarios under which
 China's CO2 emissions in 2010 are cut by 20% and 30%, respectively,
 relative to the baseline, assuming that carbon tax revenues are retained
 by the government. Then, the efficiency improvements are computed for four
 indirect tax-offset scenarios relative to the two tax-retention scenarios
 already considered. The paper ends with some remarks on constructing a
 social accounting matrix for China and suggestions for further work to
 enrich the policy relevance of this study. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 135-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Carbon dioxide emissions, carbon tax, China, computable general equilib-rium model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565471 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565471
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:135-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klaus Conrad 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conrad 
Author-Name: Tobias Schmidt 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt 
Title: Economic Effects of an Uncoordinated Versus a Coordinated Carbon Dioxide Policy in the European Union: An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis 
Abstract:
  The objective of this paper is to quantify the economic effects of
 introducing carbon-reduction policies in the European Union (EU). For this
 purpose, we use linked applied general equilibrium (AGE) models for 11 EU
 member countries. This method enables us to measure the change in
 competitiveness for domestic industries; the effect on growth, employment
 and inflation in member countries; and the costs and benefits of a
 coordinated versus an uncoordinated approach to adhere to an EU target of
 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Unemployment is high in the EU, and many
 economists believe that this problem as well as global warming can be
 solved by a CO2 tax, where tax revenues are used to reduce employers'
 contributions to social insurance. Then, hopefully, a'double dividend will
 result for the environment as well as for the labor market. In one
 simulation, each country implements a CO2 tax to limit CO2 emissions by
 10%. As an alternative to this uncoordinated approach, we calculated an
 overall CO2 tax for the EU to limit the CO2 emissions of the EU by 10%. We
 will measure the effects on the labor market, on economic performance and
 on trade flows under the uncoordinated CO2 policy, and will compare the
 results with the coordinated CO2 policy of an overall CO2 reduction for
 the EU. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 161-182 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Applied general equilibrium, global warming, carbon dioxide tax, policy coordination, European Union, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565472 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565472
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:161-182




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Osmo Forssell 
Author-X-Name-First: Osmo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forssell 
Title: Extending Economy-wide Models with Environment-related Parts 
Abstract:
  The aims of this paper are to review and discuss the state-of-the-art in
 some applied general equilibrium models, and to analyze what kinds of
 variables and modules should be included in an integrated environmental
 and economic model. The environment-economy framework is discussed A
 system of integrated environmental and economic accounting will improve
 the basic description frame and supply a database for constructing
 integrated environmental-economic models. Data on natural assets and their
 functions for human society, such as raw materials, a sink to absorb and
 recycle waste products, and other environmental services, are then
 essential. The valuation of the economic use of natural assets is
 problematic, because they often have non-market values. Measurements which
 include physical units, non-market valuation, optimal values and non-use
 values are outlined. A general equilibrium approach for environmental
 economics provides a conceptual theoretical framework for the construction
 of integrated environmental-economic models. Extensions of input-output
 models to represent interactions between the environ-ment and the economy
 provide an empirically oriented approach. Advanced large-scale models
 could integrate these two kinds of framework. How these kinds of models
 have succeeded in practice is considered in a review of a sample of
 models. Finally, possible extensions to the models are considered 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 183-199 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Environment-economy framework, large-scale environmental-energy-economy equilibrium models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565473 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319808565473
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:183-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: Prices of Goods' and 'Bads': An Application of the Ricardian Theory of Differential Rent 
Abstract:
  Pollutants, wastes and scrap appear as joint products of consumption or
 production processes. Leontief and other authors extend input-output (IO)
 tables such that additional products and industries, respectively, account
 for pollutants and abatement activities; they also analyze the effects of
 pollution control policies, by means of traditional IO methods. This
 approach does not account for choice of technique and, therefore, neglects
 the possibility of substitution. This paper proposes to utilize Ricardo's
 theory of differential rent, which is based on the possibility of
 coexisting technical alternatives. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 203-223 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Pollution and cost of abatement, Ricardian rent, choice of technique, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947108 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947108
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:203-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randall Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Randall 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Title: Regionalizing National Commodity-by-Industry Accounts 
Abstract:
  Exended input-output (IO) models are increasingly prominent in regional
 economic analysis. Social accounting matrices and associated multiplier
 decompositions, IO econometric model hybrids and computable general
 equilibrium models are finding greater acceptance in contexts in which
 simple IO models once dominated. Although the extended regional models
 build primarily on the foundation of regional, interindustry accounting
 frameworks, the data from which these regional accounts are drawn are most
 commonly in the form of a national commodity-by-industry account. Despite
 this longstanding fact, the IO table adaptation literature has focused
 almost solely on methods of adapting national interindustry accounts to
 regional economies. This paper presents a method designed specifically to
 regionalize commodity-by-industry accounts, in the context of the US
 reporting system. The focus on commodity-by-industry data demands a
 confrontation with several important issues that otherwise might go
 unattended. Using a particular system and its accompanying classification
 scheme ensures a comprehensive and consistent regionalization method. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 223-238 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Regional accounts, input-output, commodity-by-industry, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947109 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947109
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim Dowd 
Author-X-Name-First: Tim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowd 
Author-Name: Ralph Monaco 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Monaco 
Author-Name: Jeffry Janoska 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janoska 
Title: Effects of Future Demographic Changes on the US Economy: Evidence from a Long-term Simulation Model 
Abstract:
  Demographics, especially the size and the age composition of the
 population, contribute substantially to the growth and structure of any
 economy. Over the next 55 years, the age composition of the US population
 will change dramatically, as the post-World War II 'baby boom' ages into
 retirement. In this paper, we use a long-term interindustry macro model of
 the US economy to examine how the age composition of the US population
 affects overall economic growth as well as the output/employment structure
 of the economy. We find that the system of funding government commitments
 to pension and medical care for the elderly is a primary channel through
 which demographic effects translate into economic effects. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 239-262 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Demographics, long-term projections, consumer spending, age structure, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947110 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947110
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Santadas Ghosh 
Author-X-Name-First: Santadas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh 
Author-Name: Joyashree Roy 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyashree 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy 
Title: Qualitative Input-Output Analysis of the Indian Economic Structure 
Abstract:
  Qualitative input-output (IO) analysis can be considered mostly in terms
 of a graph-theoretic formulation, which involves the construction and use
 of an adjacency matrix, derived from a binary transformation of the IO
 coefficient matrix. Classical attempts at qualitative IO analysis have
 derived the structure from the direct IO coefficient table. In more recent
 attempts, greater sophistication has been achieved by incorporating a
 degree of quantification into the qualitative analysis. Also, the concept
 of important coefficients (IC) has been used for the construction of the
 adjacency matrix. The present study is carried out along these lines for
 the Indian economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 263-274 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Graph theory, adjacency matrix, important coefficient, centrality index, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947111 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947111
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Pieter Kop Jansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter Kop 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen 
Title: Bias and Sensitivity of Multipliers 
Abstract:
  Multipliers measure the derivatives of endogenous variables with respect
 to exogenous shocks and are functions of the structural parameters of an
 economic model. Substitution of the structural parameter estimates yields
 a so-called derived estimate for a multiplier or any reduced-form
 parameter. Derived estimates are biased. This paper presents first-order
 approximations to the biases and sensitivities of multipliers. The good
 performance of a flawed formula in input-output analysis is illuminated. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 275-284 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Multipliers, bias, input-output analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947112 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947112
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanis&#x142;aw Bia&#x142;as 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanis&#x142;aw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bia&#x142;as 
Author-Name: Henryk Gurgul 
Author-X-Name-First: Henryk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgul 
Title: On Hypothesis about the Second Eigenvalue of the Leontief Matrix 
Abstract:
  If an arbitrarily positive eigenvector is repeatedly premultiplied by a
 positive matrix, then the result tends towards a unique, positive
 (Frobenius) eigenvector. Brady has demonstrated that the expected absolute
 magnitude of the estimate of the second largest eigenvalue of a positive
 random matrix (with identically and independently distributed entries)
 declines monotonically with the increasing size of the matrix. Hence, the
 larger the system is, the faster is the convergence. Molnar and Simonovits
 examined Brady's conjecture in the case where entries of a stochastic
 matrix are close to 1/n. We prove this hypothesis for any stochastic and
 positive matrix. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 285-290 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Equilibrium, second eigenvalue, convergence, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947113 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947113
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Kubin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubin 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 291-291 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947114 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947114
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:291-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marc Lavoie 
Author-X-Name-First: Marc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lavoie 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 291-292 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/762947115 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/762947115
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:291-292




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Solow 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solow 
Title: Rereading The Structure of the American Economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 299-306 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:299-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: Structural Decomposition Techniques: Sense and Sensitivity 
Abstract:
  Structural decomposition techniques are widely used to break down the
 growth in some variable into the changes in its determinants. In this
 paper, we discuss the problems caused by the existence of a multitude of
 equivalent decomposition forms which are used to measure the contribution
 of a specific determinant. Although it is well known that structural
 decompositions are not unique, the extent of the problem and its
 consequences seem to have been largely neglected. In an empirical analysis
 for The Netherlands between 1986 and 1992, results are calculated for 24
 equivalent decomposition forms. The outcomes exhibit a large degree of
 variability across the different forms. We also examine the two approaches
 that have been used predominantly in the literature. The average of the
 two so-called polar decompositions appears to be remarkably close to the
 average of the full set of 24 decompositions. The approximate
 decomposition with mid-point weights appears to be almost exact. Although
 this last alternative might seem a solution to the problem of the marked
 sensitivity, in fact, it only conceals the problem. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 307-324 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Decomposition techniques, input-output framework, sensitivity analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000023 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000023
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francis Cronin 
Author-X-Name-First: Francis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cronin 
Author-Name: Mark Gold 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gold 
Title: Analytical Problems in Decomposing the System-wide Effects of Sectoral Technical Change 
Abstract:
  The disaggregated structure of input-output (IO) analysis makes it very
 attractive in analyzing technical change. Various authors have applied IO
 models in comparative static experiments to measure the effects of
 observed technical changes in individual industries on economy-wide total
 output (or related primary input) requirements. Less often have
 researchers performed similar analyses on the effects of changes across
 all consuming industries in the productive consumption of a sector's
 output, because of the need to append an external analysis of
 substitution. Despite the obstacles to joint analyses of sectoral
 production and cross-sectoral consumption change, its appeal has long been
 recognized. In this paper, an anomaly in such analyses is presented: the
 sum of the separate effects of changes in production and changes in
 productive consumption does not equal the effects of the joint change. A
 comparative static exercise reveals the root cause of the anomaly:
 essentially, an index number problem. Empirical analyses are performed
 across a comprehensive set of US sectors to estimate the range of
 discrepancies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 325-336 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Technological change, structural change, productivity, system-wide savings, decomposition analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000024
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoph Weber 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber 
Author-Name: Hermann Schnabl 
Author-X-Name-First: Hermann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnabl 
Title: Environmentally Important Inter sectoral Flows: Insights from Main Contributions Identification and Minimal Flow Analysis 
Abstract:
  For the analysis of economic interdependences form an environmental
 perspective, a condensation of the information contained in input-output
 (IO) tables is desirable, but without much loss of the quantitative
 dimension. For the case of total energy requirements, main contributions
 identification is presented as an approach that allows a partitioning of
 total energy requirements by production layers and (final)
 energy-consuming sectors. For this purpose, a mixed monetary-energy IO
 model and a partitioning procedure are used. In addition, minimal flow
 analysis as a graphical method is used to detect importnant energetic
 interconnections. Environmentally Important Intersectoral Flows 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 337-356 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Energy, environment, main contributions identification, minimal flow analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000025 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000025
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonio Manresa 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manresa 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Author-Name: Josep Maria Vegara 
Author-X-Name-First: Josep Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vegara 
Title: Measuring Commodities' Commodity Content 
Abstract:
  Within the standard linear framework, a methodology, formally similar to
 the labour theory of value, is proposed to compute the direct and indirect
 commodity contents of any produced good. The proposal is then compared
 with the more familiar social accounting matrix (SAM) accounting
 procedure, using an appropriate partitioning of the SAM accounts. Some
 numerical results are then obtained and compared using a recently compiled
 SAM for Catalonia. The empirical results show the practical feasibility of
 the proposed methodology. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 357-365 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Input-output multipliers, SAM multipliers, interdependence, commodity contents, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000026 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000026
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Title: Book Reviews and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 367-368 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000027 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000027
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:367-368




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catrinus Jepma 
Author-X-Name-First: Catrinus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jepma 
Title: Book Reviews and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 369-369 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000028 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:369-369




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Papaconstantinou 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Papaconstantinou 
Title: Book Reviews and News 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 369-371 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:369-371




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Report on the Conference in New York 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 371-372 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319800000030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319800000030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:371-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000001 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Steedman 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steedman 
Title: Values Do Follow a Simple Rule! 
Abstract:
  Contrary to what is often suggested, values do follow a very simple rule
 as the rate of profit r varies, provided only that the system is square.
 None of single production, semi-positive vertically integrated input
 coefficients, or regularity a la Schefold needs to be assumed.
 Furthermore, that very simple rule is followed for all finite values of r
 and can be expressed solely in terms of the powers of r. Moreover, when
 the requisite numeraire is employed, the wage profit frontier takes a
 simple form; conversely, when the frontier takes that form, one knows that
 the requisite numeraire is being used, even without knowing what it is. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 5-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Relative prices, distribution, numeraires, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000002
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georg Stamatis 
Author-X-Name-First: Georg 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stamatis 
Title: Georg Charasoff: A Pioneer in the Theory of Linear Production Systems 
Abstract:
  This paper exposes mathematically Charasoff s results on linear
 production systems. Charasoff developed an algorithm for the iterative
 calculation of the Leontief inverse, the concepts of basic and non-basic
 commodities, as well as the Srajfian standard system. This allowed him,
 given the real wage rate, to calculate the profit rate independently of
 prices as the ratio of two physically homogeneous magnitudes, and then the
 prices for an already given profit rate. Therefore, as early as 1910,
 Charasoff had developed significant concepts of the theory of linear
 production systems, which long afterwards became more broadly known
 through the works of Leontief and Sraffa. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 15-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Charasoff, Leontief, Sraffa, linear production theory, Marxian economic theory, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000003
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hans van Meijl 
Author-X-Name-First: Hans 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meijl 
Author-Name: Frank van Tongeren 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Tongeren 
Title: Endogenous International Technology Spillovers and Biased Technical Change in Agriculture 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes trade-related knowledge flows from an innovating
 country to other countries. It is assumed that knowledge is embodied in
 commodities traded between countries and that the potential productivity
 of this knowledge is determined by the local usability of foreign
 technologies. The usability of foreign knowledge is dependent on the local
 absorption capacity (such as knowledge infrastructure and human capital)
 and on structural differences (factor endowments or climate) between
 countries. In agriculture, a large portion of the knowledge is embodied in
 inputs which cause factor-biased technical change in the receiving
 sectors. Trade-related knowledge transmission is introduced in an applied
 multi-region general equilibrium model (GTAP) to study the macro-economic
 and sectoral impacts of knowledge spillovers and of trade policies.
 Endogenous embodied technology spillovers bear some important implications
 for trade policy, because protective measures preclude countries not only
 from cheaper imports but also from foreign technologies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 31-48 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Biased technical change, knowledge spillovers, applied multi-sector multi-region general equilibrium model, trade liberalization, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000004
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chinkook Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Chinkook 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Gerald Schluter 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schluter 
Title: Effect of Trade on the Demand for Skilled and Unskilled Workers 
Abstract:
  We use an input-output model to examine the effects of trade and domestic
 consumption, technology and labor productivity on skilled and unskilled
 worker demand. We found that trade was not the major contributor to
 changes in demand for skilled and unskilled labor during 1972-92, counter
 to the continuing debate on the trade-widening wage gap linkage. We found
 that skill intensity, i.e. the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled
 workers for exports compared with imports, exceeded one during 1972-92,
 but did not increase. We explore alternative definitions of skilled and
 unskilled, and find our results to be robust to these alternative
 definitions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 49-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Skill intensity of US trade, international trade impacts, skilled&#x2014;unskilled wage gap, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000005
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tullio Gregori 
Author-X-Name-First: Tullio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gregori 
Author-Name: Gustav Schachter 
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schachter 
Title: Assessing Aggregate Structural Change 
Abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of Italian
 aggregate structural change over the years 1965-85. We use annual
 input-output (IO) tables in current and constant prices to derive an
 aggregate index of structural change. We adopt several techniques for such
 an explorative analysis. First, we borrow from qualitative matrix analysis
 and graph theory some basic concepts to assess direct and indirect links
 among sectors, and interrelatedness measures are derived in a
 straightforward way. However, qualitative analysis of indirect links may
 be flawed, since it can establish a path that is quantitatively
 negligible. Then, we turn our attention to a non-standard quantitative
 index derived from structural path analysis, expressed by a simple
 function of the input matrix determinant. Since empirical findings
 indicate a structural break in 1975, we derive another measure of
 technical change: the dominant eigenvalue. Such an index has several
 interesting properties but no clear relationship to the circularity
 process implicit in the Leontief model. Results for constant- and
 actual-price IO tables are discussed and compared with main macro-economic
 variables over the sample. Empirical findings indicate a relationship
 between investment, variability in final demand and aggregate structural
 change. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 67-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Structural change, production structures, graph theory, dominant eigenvalue, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000006
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina White 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Regional Production and Cost Minimization in the Republics of the Former Soviet Union 
Abstract:
  After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the problems encountered
 early in the reforms made it obvious that understanding the system and
 structure of the economy during the Soviet period was crucial for
 predictions and recommendations. The present study analyzes the production
 of the republics of the former Soviet Union, by grouping them into the
 regions defined by common geographical and historical conditions, and by
 estimation of cost functions that represent the two major theories of
 international trade: the Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardo-Viner models. The
 estimated parameters of the cost functions allow us to draw conclusions
 about the achievement of cost minimization and to calculate the
 elasticities that represent the comparative statics of both models. As a
 result of the analysis, it is demonstrated that the achievement of the
 cost-minimization goal depends on local conditions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 83-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Soviet Union, trade models, cost minimization, panel data, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000007
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paola Antonello 
Author-X-Name-First: Paola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antonello 
Title: Introduction: Special Theme in Memory of Richard Goodwin 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 111-112 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000008
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kumaraswamy Velupillai 
Author-X-Name-First: Kumaraswamy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Velupillai 
Title: Non-maximum Disequilibrium Macrodynamics 
Abstract:
  In his stimulating Nobel Prize Lecture, Paul Samuelson made the important
 point that there were interesting macrodynamic systems which could, in no
 sensible sense, be associated with maximization problems. The paradigmatic
 example he chose was the multiplier-accelerator system. In this paper I
 make an attempt to explore the connection between macrodynamics,
 rationality and computability against the backdrop provided by Samuelson's
 observation and Richard Goodwin's nonlinear methodological credo. It is
 shown that non-maximum, disequilibrium macrodynamics is perfectly
 consistent with standard rationality postulates. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 113-126 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Non-maximum macrodynamics, disequilibrium dynamics, computation universality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000009 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000009
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Brody 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody 
Title: A Long Monetary Swing 
Abstract:
  The existence of a long swing may be explained and its length can be
 computed with the aid of a simple 'Goodwinesque' model, built on the
 original monetary theory of Hawtrey. The mathematical, historical and
 human aspects of a long swing of this sort are discussed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 127-138 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Growth, cycle, money, interest, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000010 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000010
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paola Antonello 
Author-X-Name-First: Paola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antonello 
Title: Simultaneous Adjustment of Quantities and Prices: An Example of Hamiltonian Dynamics 
Abstract:
  In a well-known essay first published in 1953, Goodwin analyzed the
 dynamic adjustment of quantities and prices to long-run equilibrium
 values, in a set ofn 'Walrasian' markets. He treated the crossed
 adjustment of prices and quantities as a linear Hamiltonian vector field.
 In more recent work, Goodwin introduced non-linear perturbations in his
 multi-sectoral adjustment model. He assumed that real consumption depends
 non-linearly on relative prices. This paper shows the following: (1)
 Goodwin's behavioural hypotheses are compatible with the assumption that
 agents maximize; (2) if the dynamic process is Hamiltonian, then
 symplectic coordinate changes are essential tools of analysis; (3) if the
 real wage is rigid and returns to scale are not constant, then the
 Hamiltonian model can generate chaotic transients or, in extreme cases,
 pure chaotic motions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 139-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Nonlinearity, multi-sectoral, Hamiltonian dynamics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000011 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000011
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Ramsey 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramsey 
Title: Regression over Timescale Decompositions: A Sampling Analysis of Distributional Properties 
Abstract:
  In two previous papers, Ramsey and Lampart demonstrated that regression
 analyses between timescale decompositions provided important insight into
 the properties of economic relationships. The idea in those papers was
 that the relationship between any two variables, say consumption and
 income, was the union of the individual relationships between consumption
 and income at each timescale and that the regression relationship might,
 differ across timescales. This paper is dedicated to discovering the
 approximate distributional properties of the regression estimators and of
 the residuals in the context of such models. Sampling procedures are used
 to verify the distributional properties of the regression estimators at
 each timescale and those of the residuals. This analysis is necessary to
 provide the appropriate distributional information required to specify
 tests of hypotheses and confidence intervals. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 163-184 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Timescale, wavelets, consumption function, income velocity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000012
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donald Gilchrist 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gilchrist 
Author-Name: Larry V. ST Louis 
Author-X-Name-First: Larry V. ST 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louis 
Title: Completing Input-Output Tables using Partial Information, with an Application to Canadian Data 
Abstract:
  This paper develops a three-stage extension of the standard
 biproportional RAS algorithm-an extension that we label TRAS-to
 incorporate information in addition to row and column margins. The TRAS
 algorithm is tested using pseudo-censored input-output tables and is shown
 to produce more accurate estimates than does the RAS algorithm. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 185-194 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: RAS, updating, social accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000013 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000013
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elio Londero 
Author-X-Name-First: Elio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Londero 
Title: Secondary Products, By-products and the Commodity Technology Assumption 
Abstract:
  A more general method for preparing commodity-by-commodity input-output
 tables under the commodity technology assumption is presented for the case
 when there are produced and non-produced by-products, originating in
 principal and in secondary production. Existing methods of the same family
 are shown to be special cases of the method presented here. An incorrect
 model specification is found to be a sufficient condition for unwarranted
 negative coefficients. Finally, the model is shown to satisfy desirable
 properties of an input-output system 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 195-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Input-Output, commodity technology assumption, by-products, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000014 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000014
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rainer Vosskamp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rainer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vosskamp 
Title: Innovation, Market Structure and the Structure of the Economy: a micro-to-macro model 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a micro-to-macro model which connects an input-output
 model with price-dependent input coefficients and basic elements of
 industrial economics. This enables the determination of the most important
 variables on the micro, meso and macro levels, and, in particular, the
 determination of market structure and economic structure. On the basis of
 the model, we discuss the various intra-industry and interindustry impacts
 of process innovation. The results show the importance of considering
 heterogeneity of firms and sectors. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 213-232 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Innovation, market structure, economic structure, heterogeneity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000015 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000015
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harry Wilting 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilting 
Author-Name: Wouter Biesiot 
Author-X-Name-First: Wouter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Biesiot 
Author-Name: Henri Moll 
Author-X-Name-First: Henri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moll 
Title: Analyzing Potentials for Reducing the Energy Requirement of Households in The Netherlands 
Abstract:
  The energy requirement of households represents a useful concept in
 studying energy use in relation to production structures and consumption
 patterns. Reduction potentials of the energy requirement for households
 provide insight on the possibilities for reducing energy use in the whole
 economy. We determine reduction potentials by means of implementing energy
 conservation options in an input-output model for calculating the
 household energy requirement. The implementation of a set of technical
 energy conservation options results in a reduction in the energy
 requirement of Dutch households by 55%. The reduction potential based on a
 set of demand-side options is 9%. The combination of both sets of
 conservation options results in a reduction potential of 59%. Therefore,
 by combining (sets of) options, some effects are cancelled out. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 233-244 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Energy conservation, households, The Netherlands, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000016 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000016
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena 
Author-Name: Stefan Schleicher 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schleicher 
Title: Impact of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction on the Austrian Economy 
Abstract:
  A linked econometric input-output (IO) model of the Austrian economy with
 an energy block is used in this study to assess the sectoral effects of
 carbon dioxide emissions reduction. The energy block and the other
 commodities are linked by a partitioned IO model. Energy demand is
 described using aggregate energy demand equations, by activities and
 subdemand systems of the translog type for different fuel types. The
 conversion of energy is modelled using an IO model of the energy sector.
 Measures for carbon dioxide reduction from detailed expert studies are
 introduced in the energy model and in the econometric model. The primary
 impacts are on energy demand, fuel shares and investment in new energy
 technologies. The simulation results of the partitioned IO model show
 different impacts on gross output, GDP and employment. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 245-261 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Partitioned input-output model, energy input-output analysis, energy demand functions, carbon dioxide emissions reduction, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000017 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000017
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikulas Luptacik 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikulas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luptacik 
Author-Name: Bernhard Bohm 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohm 
Title: A Consistent Formulation of the Leontief Pollution Model 
Abstract:
  We consider the environmental Leontief model, which is an input-output
 model augmented by pollution-generation and pollution-abatement sectors.
 Two formulations of this model, dating back to Leontief's work in 1970,
 can be found in the literature. One formulation treats an exogenously
 given vector of the tolerated level of pollutants (environmental
 standards) as a negative variable on the right-hand side of the model. The
 other formulation supposes that each industry eliminates a given
 proportion of the pollution that it creates, so that the proportions of
 gross pollutants which are subject to treatment by each sector enter as
 given parameters. Even in the case when the levels of production and
 abatement in the two different model formulations are equal, the solutions
 of the dual or price model are different for cases where some net
 pollution is left untreated. First, the analytical relationship between
 the two price models is established. Secondly, both models formulated in a
 linear programming framework are extended by imposing emission charges
 (effluent taxes) for untreated pollution. Finally, it will be shown how to
 estimate the level of emission charges for both model formulations such
 that they provide the same levels of production and abatement, as well as
 the same shadow prices. This is illustrated by a numerical example. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 263-276 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Environmental standards, emission charges, linear programming, shadow prices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000018 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000018
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bjarne Madsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bjarne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madsen 
Author-Name: Chris Jensen-Butler 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen-Butler 
Title: Make and Use Approaches to Regional and Interregional Accounts and Models 
Abstract:
  Institutional, or sector-by-sector input-output tables have traditionally
 been used in regional and interregional modelling. This paper examines the
 origins of this tradition and argues instead, both theoretically and
 empirically, for the integration of make and use submodels within models
 of production, demand and interregional trade, outlining the manner in
 which they can be integrated. Further, it is argued that structural rather
 than reduced-form models represent a sounder theoretical base. Finally, a
 Danish interregional model (LINE) based on a social accounting matrix
 framework that employs these principles is presented. The paper also deals
 with the issue of data construction at the regional and interregional
 levels, based on the make and use approach. It is argued that when data
 are constructed at a low level of sectoral and spatial aggregation under
 accounting consistency constraints, data quality and validity are high. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 277-300 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Make and use, interregional trade, commodity balance, regional accounts, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000019 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000019
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:277-300




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose Miguel Albala-Bertrand 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albala-Bertrand 
Title: Structural Change in Chile: 1960-90 
Abstract:
  This paper attempts to analyze compositional structural change in Chile,
 especially during the period around 1974-90, when the most overt
 'neo-liberal' experiment was forced on the country's economy and society.
 The main conclusion is that, while the service sector has moved in the
 correct direction, setting up important industries for the dynamic
 development of the country, the manufacturing sector has not performed
 equally well. The manufacturing sector has significantly shrunk its most
 sophisticated base, and relies mostly on traditional manufacturing that
 grows sluggishly. Export expansion is in manufacturing still a small
 proportion of exports. The primary sector is still the main export earner,
 but has significantly diversified. It appears that the economy has not
 moved fast enough towards, and does not appear to be geared by, the type
 of exports that may sustain a dynamic industrial development, based on
 external markets. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 301-320 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Structural change, manufacturing, Chile, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000020 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000020
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andr&Aacute Simonovits 
Author-X-Name-First: Andr&Aacute 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonovits 
Title: Linear Decentralized Control with Expectations 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we consider a decentralized discrete-time control model
 with expectations. There are as many decision-makers as scalar state (and
 control) variables, and each decision-maker forms an expectation on the
 impact that affects him/her. Using rational and naive expectations, we
 describe the stability conditions of the alternative expectations. Our
 results generalized earlier ones by Metzler and Lovell, from an inventory
 control model to an abstract model, and solve the problem of the
 generation of a feasible normal path presented by Kornai and Martos. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 321-330 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Rational expectations, naive expectations, control models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000021 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000021
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Verspagen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verspagen 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 331-333 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:331-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roy Boyd 
Author-X-Name-First: Roy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boyd 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 333-334 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000023 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000023
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kati Weber 
Author-X-Name-First: Kati 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber 
Title: Book Reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 334-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000024
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Polenske 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polenske 
Title: Wassily W. Leontief, 1905-99 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 341-348 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000025 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000025
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pirkko Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Author-X-Name-First: Pirkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Title: Effective Rates of Sectoral Productivity Change 
Abstract:
  In effective rates of sectoral productivity change, some of the inputs
 are treated as produced. Here, this is extended to cover all the inputs.
 All the sectoral rates of productivity growth based on a static
 input-output (IO) framework are shown to be equal to the corresponding
 rates of decrease in the production price. For the direct rate, all the
 input prices are treated as exogenous constants. For the effective rates,
 prices of the inputs, which are treated as produced, are determined by
 production technology. The fully effective rate is derived from the price
 equations of the closed dynamic IO model. It is equal to the rate of
 decrease in the production price when the prices of all inputs, human
 capital and human time included, depend on production technology. The
 overall rate, obtained as a weighted sum of the fully effective sectoral
 rates, is equal to the rate of growth in the growth potential of the
 economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 349-363 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Productivity, human capital, dynamic input-output model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000026 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000026
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Pyatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pyatt 
Title: Some Relationships between T-Accounts, Input-Output Tables and Social Accounting Matrices 
Abstract:
  Some relationships between the T-accounting format for presenting
 commodity balances; input-output (IO) tables; and social accounting
 matrices are discussed in this paper. The starting point is to recognize
 that IO tables do not contain all the information that is needed to
 complete a social accounting matrix (SAM), or, therefore, for the
 modelling of phenomena that depend on having a fully articulated SAM, such
 as the interdependence of the distribution of income and the structure of
 production. There is a need, therefore, to establish the character of the
 extra information that is required and this can be achieved by imposing
 the requirement that a SAM should be consistent with the basic cash
 identity that is fundamental to all social accounting. A second agendum is
 to develop the argument that, while T-accounts can, in principle, provide
 a database equivalent to that of a SAM, in practice, they are typically
 found to be an imperfect substitute. It is important, therefore, in
 designing a database, to go beyond the confines of an (extended) IO system
 and T-accounts. SAMs provide an appropriate framework for doing so. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 365-387 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: (Extended) input-output tables, national accounts, social accounting matrices (SAMs), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000027 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000027
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolando Alcala 
Author-X-Name-First: Rolando 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alcala 
Author-Name: Gabrielle Antille 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antille 
Author-Name: Emilio Fontela 
Author-X-Name-First: Emilio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fontela 
Title: Technical Change in the Private Consumption Converter 
Abstract:
  The analysis of technological change is centered on the study of the
 evolution of technical coefficients in the input-output table.
 Complementary to this analysis, the household consumption expenditure
 matrix, relating consumption by commodities to consumption by purpose or
 by function, also incorporates some other aspects of technological change.
 Thus, the evolution in time of the coefficients of this consumption
 expenditure matrix will portray technological processes, implying
 substitutions between commodities to satisfy the different functions The
 substitution between consumption expenditure by functions is also to be
 taken into consideration, because it can influence, together with
 technological change, the use of commodities in the final demand. For
 Switzerland, a 1980-89 time series of household consumption expenditure
 matrices with 37 commodities and 58 functional consumption categories has
 been estimated using data from consumer expenditure surveys. In this
 paper, instruments generally applied to the analysis of changes in
 input-output technical coefficients are extended to these matrices,
 including methods that deal with biproportional processes of substitution. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 389-400 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Technical change, private consumption converter, biproportional adjustments, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000028 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000028
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terry Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Terry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Title: Achieving a 10% Cut in Europe's Carbon Dioxide Emissions using Additional Excise Duties: Coordinated, Uncoordinated and Unilateral Action using the Econometric Model E3ME 
Abstract:
  Coordinated, uncoordinated and unilateral policies to reduce carbon
 dioxide emissions by 10% in 11 member states of the European Union (EU) by
 2010 are compared with unilateral policies in each member state. The paper
 presents the results from four projections using a large-scale,
 integrated, regionalized E3 model of the EU (not a general equilibrium
 model) estimated on time series, cross-section data for 1968&#x2014;93
 with international trade treated as between each member state and a
 European transport and distribution network. The 10% reduction is achieved
 by additional excise duties incremented every year from 1999 to 2010,
 according to the carbon contents of fuels, with special treatment of
 electricity (taxed on outputs not inputs) and with revenues recycled via
 reductions in employers' social security contributions. Multilateral
 coordinated policies require a common tax rate of 156 Ecus per tonne
 carbon (1999 prices), which rises to an average of 162 Ecu/tonne, with a
 wide range between regions when policies are uncoordinated. All the tax
 shift projections show double dividends of emission reduction and
 employment gain for all member states. Unilateral policies do not show
 much carbon leakage and they show smaller gains for output and employment.
 The results are compared with those from a general equilibrium model
 (GEM-E3), tackling the same topic. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 401-422 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Large-scale energy-environment-economy modelling, carbon tax, European Union, multilateral coordinated tax policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000029
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kakali Mukhopadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Kakali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay 
Author-Name: Debesh Chakraborty 
Author-X-Name-First: Debesh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty 
Title: India's Energy Consumption Changes during 1973/74 to 1991/92 
Abstract:
  The global energy crisis in the 1970s and early 1980s had adverse
 economic impacts in all oil-importing countries, including India. The
 objective of the present paper is to analyze energy consumption changes
 that have taken place in the Indian economy during 1973174 to 1983184 and
 1983184 to 1991192, and the factors responsible for these changes. We
 develop a structural decomposition analysis in which the energy
 consumption changes are the result of the following six different factors:
 technical changes; changes in the final demand structure; changes in the
 interaction term of technical changes and final demand structure; changes
 in energy exports; changes in energy imports; changes in energy change in
 stock. Then, we separate the technical changes and final demand structure
 again, which identifies explicitly the effects of energy consumption. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 423-438 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Structural decomposition analysis, energy consumption, India, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000030
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefano Casini Benvenuti 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Casini 
Author-X-Name-Last: Benvenuti 
Author-Name: Giandemetrio Marangoni 
Author-X-Name-First: Giandemetrio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marangoni 
Title: Infrastructure and Performance of the Italian Economic System 
Abstract:
  This paper aims to analyze the consequences for the Italian economy of
 the recently started process of modernization and extension of the
 country's infrastructure. The planned measures are expected to increase
 the competitiveness of Italian businesses, and to improve the quality of
 life. In the short term, investments in infrastructure will increase the
 construction sector's production and, consequently, activate income and
 employment multipliers. The Italian economic system being highly
 differentiated from a territorial viewpoint, the impact of new investments
 on its economic system has been analyzed by means of a biregional model
 that accounts for the peculiar productive structure of the 20 Italian
 regions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 439-455 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Infrastructure, Italy, regional input-output model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000031 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000031
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Bayar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bayar 
Title: Book Review 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 457-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000032 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000032
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:457-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Polenske 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polenske 
Title: Annual Report of the IIOA, 1998 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 459-464 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535319900000033 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535319900000033
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:459-464




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Grubbstrom 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grubbstrom 
Author-Name: Ou Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: An Overview of Input-Output Analysis Applied to Production-Inventory Systems 
Abstract:
  Input-Output Analysis, together with the Laplace transform, have been
 applied to multi-level, multi-period production-inventory systems in a
 number of papers. This article gives a historical overview of the areas
 involved in these studies. It is shown that the input and output matrices
 as well as the Leontief inverse can be generalised to include timing
 properties for the inputs by means of the Laplace transform. The
 consequent advantages are exemplified in different production models,
 treating, for instance, capacity requirements and safety stock problems.
 The main literature in this field concerns assembly systems, but the
 approach is easily applicable to process industries with a divergent
 material flow or when feedback is essential. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Laplace Transform, Multi-LEVEL Systems, Production-INVENTORY Systems, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111254 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111254
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clopper Almon 
Author-X-Name-First: Clopper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Almon 
Title: Product-to-Product Tables via Product-Technology with No Negative Flows 
Abstract:
  This paper presents and evaluates a way of making product-to-product
 tables from Use and Make matrices that are of immediate relevance to any
 statistical office that makes input-output tables. Two ways of making a
 product-to-product table are in common practice: one based on the
 product-technology assumption and the other on the industry-technology
 assumption. The industry-technology assumption is recognized as highly
 implausible but is often used because the product-technology assumption
 frequently leads to small negative flows which make no economic sense.
 This paper shows how a slight adjustment in the product-technology
 assumption leads to an algorithm that is certain to avoid negative flows
 yet keeps close to the spirit of the product-technology idea. Some details
 of the application of this method to the USA table for 1992 are reported.
 Similar applications to every American table since 1958 have given
 consistently sensible results. A computer program for the method is
 available. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 27-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Product-TO-PRODUCT Input-OUTPUT Tables, Product Technology, Symmetric Input-OUTPUT Tables, Industry Technology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111263 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111263
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuntaro Shishido 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuntaro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shishido 
Author-Name: Makoto Nobukuni 
Author-X-Name-First: Makoto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nobukuni 
Author-Name: Kazumi Kawamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazumi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kawamura 
Author-Name: Takahiro Akita 
Author-X-Name-First: Takahiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akita 
Author-Name: Shunichi Furukawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Furukawa 
Title: An International Comparison of Leontief Input-Output Coefficients and its Application to Structural Growth Patterns 
Abstract:
  Empirical sectoral analyses of a standard development pattern have
 focused upon changes in the value added, disregarding the structural
 changes in intermediate input. In a more comprehensive approach to the
 production function, the present paper analyses both sectoral intermediate
 inputs and the value added by using 45 input-output tables to discover a
 standard pattern of the changes in the input-output coefficients as an
 economy develops. The major findings are first a U-shape pattern of the
 average value added ratio and, conversely, an inverse U-shape pattern of
 the average intermediate input ratio. Secondly, as compared with principal
 input coefficients that are broadly stable, supplementary input
 coefficients exhibit the non-linear trends of an inverse U shape
 contributed by a rising trend in agriculture in the early stages, and a
 growing energy cost in most sectors, although this is partly offset by
 mild U shapes of transport and distribution costs. A similar inverse
 U-shape pattern is implied for the Leontief multiplier. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 45-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Leontief Multiplier, Primary Input, Principal Input, Supporting Input, Standard Pattern Of Development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111272 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111272
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oscar De Juan 
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Juan 
Author-Name: Eladio Febrero 
Author-X-Name-First: Eladio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Febrero 
Title: Measuring Productivity from Vertically Integrated Sectors 
Abstract:
  There are many ways to measure productivity. The choice will depend on
 the suitability of each index to the main purpose the researcher has in
 mind. Whenever we are interested in 'competitiveness', the proper measure
 will be the inverse of the total labour embodied in one unit of final
 product; or, what amounts to the same, the labour employed in the
 vertically integrated sector corresponding to each final good. A weighted
 mean of these yields an index of aggregate productivity suitable for
 measuring social welfare. Another index of aggregate productivity (this
 one related to the profit rate and potential growth) coincides with the
 inverse of the maximum eigenvalue of the 'socio-technical matrix'. These
 indices are computed for the Spanish economy and compared with more
 conventional ones. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 65-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Productivity, Vertically Integrated Sectors, Labour Values, Prices Of Production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111281 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111281
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio Sanchez-Choliz 
Author-X-Name-First: Julio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Choliz 
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte 
Title: The Economic Impacts of Newly Irrigated Areas in the Ebro Valley 
Abstract:
  This paper uses regional input-output tables to analyse the long-term
 impact resulting from the implementation of the newly irrigated areas
 provided for under the terms of the Ebro Basin Hydrological Plan. We have
 described the whole process by way of two consecutive stages. In the
 first, where the final demand is fixed, we use a demand-driven
 input-output model and we incorporate technical change through the
 reduction of the coefficients. In the second, the output of all sectors
 increases, with the increases in the vector of output being proportional
 to the forward linkages vector of the Agriculture sector. In this stage,
 our objective is to obtain a final demand vector that ensures that the
 agricultural value added increases to a prescribed value of v 1 *. Whilst
 the results demonstrate the positive effects of the transformation, they
 also reveal effects of a very different character in each sector. Thus,
 the Agriculture, Livestock and Agri-food industry sectors show significant
 increases in their gross outputs caused by the forward effects, whilst the
 Energy, Metal and Chemicals sectors reduce their outputs. These results
 shed light on the contradictory nature of the processes of development and
 technical change. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 83-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Input-OUTPUT Model, Technical Change, Agricultural Linkages, Economic Impact, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111290 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111290
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernadette Andreosso-O'Callaghan 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernadette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andreosso-O'Callaghan 
Author-Name: Guoqiang Yue 
Author-X-Name-First: Guoqiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yue 
Title: An Analysis of Structural Change in China using Biproportional Methods 
Abstract:
  Traditional IO techniques have been used and applied in detail to the
 case of the Chinese economy with a view to describing and analysing the
 gradual, albeit radical, transformation of the Chinese industrial fabric
 since the beginning of the economic reforms. Using a Biproportional
 Filter, our study has a threefold objective: to measure and analyse
 structural change that has taken place in the Chinese manufacturing sector
 since 1985; to highlight those industries that have been most responsible
 for the change; and to explain the reasons for these changes. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 99-111 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Structural Change, Chinese Industrial System, Biproportional Filter, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111308 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111308
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:99-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Reza Jalili 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali Reza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalili 
Title: Comparison of Two Methods of Identifying Input-Output Coefficients for Exogenous Estimation 
Abstract:
  Input-output (IO) updating research indicates substantial improvements in
 the forecasts when some of the coefficients have been exogenously
 estimated and included in the updating process. Several methods for
 identifying the appropriate subsets have been proposed. The present paper
 attempts to assess the relative performances of two such approaches: 'the
 largest coefficients' and 'the most important parameters' criteria.
 Utilizing these criteria, a set of coefficients from the 1966 IO table of
 the former Soviet Union were selected and exogenously determined. The
 remaining coefficients were updated to 1972 by means of naive, RAS, and
 Lagrangian techniques. Comparison of the results with the 1972 benchmark
 table provided the desired answers. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 113-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Lagrangian, Non Survey Updating, Exogenous Information, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/095353100111317 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095353100111317
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: Introduction: Input-Output Analysis and Classical Economic Theory 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 139-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005653 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005653
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:139-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Baumol 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baumol 
Title: Leontief's Great Leap Forward: Beyond Quesnay, Marx and von Bortkiewicz 
Abstract:
  Wassily Leontief's input-output analysis is often interpreted simply as a
 logical next step in the chain of ideas from Quesnay to Marx to von
 Bortkiewicz, the last of these having been Leontief's thesis adviser in
 Berlin. Here, it is shown that input-output is far more than that. Unlike
 any predecessor, it is a flexible model with widely varied applications
 that permits direct empirical evaluation. This is illustrated by
 application to net energy calculations, showing that the normal evaluation
 methods that ignore input-output considerations probably overestimate by
 20 to 60% the net energy yield of projects designed to save energy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 141-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Interdependence Models, Energy Conservation, Net Energy Studies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005662 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005662
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:141-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Author-Name: Neri Salvadori 
Author-X-Name-First: Neri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvadori 
Title: 'Classical' Roots of Input-Output Analysis: A Short Account of its Long Prehistory 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the roots of input-output analysis in 'classical'
 economics. The authors considered include Petty and Cantillon; Quesnay,
 the physiocrats and their critic Isnard; Smith, Ricardo, Torrens and
 Dmitriev; Marx, von Bortkiewicz and von Charasoff; Leontief; and Remak. It
 is argued that, in terms of method and content, input-output analysis is
 akin to the classical approach to the theory of production, distribution
 and relative prices in that (i) it requires all magnitudes to be
 observable and (ii) starts essentially from the same set of data. It is
 shown that many important modern concepts have been anticipated by the
 earlier authors. The prehistory of input-output analysis is also meant to
 provide new perspectives on potential future developments of the field. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 153-179 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Circular Flow, Classical Economics, Reproduction Surplus Product, Value And Distribution, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005671 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005671
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:153-179




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Title: The Rents Problem in the Tableau Economique : Revisiting the Phillips Model 
Abstract:
  A number of efforts have been made so far to transcribe Francois
 Quesnay's Tableau Economique into a modern input-output framework.
 However, the transcriptions available at present have not been generally
 accepted. A point of serious discussion has been the fixed coefficients
 assumption, which dates back to the model proposed by Phillips in 1955.
 Especially regarding the analysis of rents formation and proprietors
 preferences, this assumption is at odds with basic physiocratic thought.
 In this paper a general solution is proposed to the problem of modelling
 the rents in an input-output context. The method suggests a general
 approach, where the physiocratic view is a special case that identifies
 productivity with only one sector. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 181-197 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Tableau Economique, Phillips Model, Rents Problem, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005680 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005680
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:181-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Gehrke 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gehrke 
Title: Alfred Kahler's Die Theorie der Arbeiterfreisetzung durch die Maschine : An Early Contribution to the Analysis of the Impact of Automation on Workers 
Abstract:
  This paper provides a critical assessment of Alfred Kahler's pioneering
 contribution to the analysis of the impact of automation on workers in his
 1932 dissertation thesis Die Theorie der Arbeiterfreisetzung durch die
 Maschine (The theory of the displacement of the worker by the machine).
 Kahler's analysis is shown to be an elaboration on Ricardo's and Marx's
 approach to the analysis of the labour displacement and compensation
 process. It is also shown that the arithmetical 'circulation schemes'
 developed by Kahler can be interpreted as an early formulation of a closed
 (static) input-output model. In addition, the paper also examines Kahler's
 rudimentary discussion of the associated price model and of the choice of
 technique problem. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 199-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Classical Price Models, Precursors Of Input-OUTPUT Analysis, Technological Unemployment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005699 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:199-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andras Brody 
Author-X-Name-First: Andras 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody 
Title: The Monetary Multiplier 
Abstract:
  After modelling the circulation of money as a Markov chain, a special
 multiplier is set up, explained and investigated. It describes, in
 mathematical terms, the enlivening course of new money, or the propagation
 of a monetary injection into a given economy, which David Hume inspected
 in his famous essay. Some explanation is given to why he considered it,
 justly, as a transitory phenomenon. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 215-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Equilibrium, Ergodic Properties, Circulation Of Money, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005707 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005707
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:215-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Steedman 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steedman 
Title: Income Distribution, Foreign Trade and the Value-Added Vector 
Abstract:
  Whilst input-output analysts often treat the value-added vector as a
 fairly simple, straightforward component of input-output studies, modern
 'classical' economics tells us that it is far from simple. This will be
 developed, both for a closed economy and for an economy using foreign
 produced inputs. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 221-230 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Fixed Capital, Foreign Trade, Income Distribution, Value-ADDED Coefficients, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005716 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:221-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: Production, Prices and Time: A Comparison of Some Alternative Concepts 
Abstract:
  This paper compares alternative concepts of production and prices with a
 special emphasis on time. First, it is demonstrated that the point-input
 point-output representation of processes used in von Neumann-Sraffa models
 is not restrictive and can be derived from general flow-input flow-output
 processes. Second, the concept of long-period positions, which can be
 traced back to the work of the classical authors, is discussed. Third, the
 von Neumann-Sraffa approach is compared with the neo-Austrian model and
 the flow-fund model developed by Hicks and Georgescu-Roegen respectively.
 It turns out that these latter two models are, at best, a special case of
 the former. Finally, some problems and intricacies concerning observable
 input-output coefficients are discussed and, as an alternative, a possibly
 applicable method to determine coefficients for general flow-input
 flow-output processes is presented. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 231-253 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Sraffa Von Neumann, (NEO) Austrian Production Theory, Georgescu Roegen'S Flow-FUND Approach, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005725 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005725
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Author-Name: Neri Salvadori 
Author-X-Name-First: Neri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvadori 
Title: The Dynamic Leontief Model and the Theory of Endogenous Growth 
Abstract:
  This paper shows that the dynamic Leontief model can be interpreted as a
 linear model of endogenous growth. The long-term rate of growth is
 determined within the economic system - either as the outcome of the
 saving and investment behaviour of agents or as the outcome of some
 planner's maximization of some objective function. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 255-265 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Dynamic Leontief Model, Endogenous Growth, Saving Investment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050005734 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050005734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:255-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Weisskoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weisskoff 
Title: Missing Pieces in Ecosystem Restoration: The Case of the Florida Everglades 
Abstract:
  The largest ecosystem restoration in the world-a $7.8 billion rescue
 package-is now beginning in the Florida Everglades. This paper examines
 both the economic impact of the restoration itself and those pieces that
 are 'missing' from the official project analysis; namely, increased
 tourism, urban construction, in-migration, and changing agricultural
 patterns. These pieces comprise a variety of scenarios that are tested for
 a 45 year planning period with an augmented input-output model derived
 from a regional SAM. The new output and employment generated by the
 'missing pieces', which are small relative to the vast economic base of
 the region, do represent a considerable increase over the annual growth,
 especially by the year 2045. We conclude with a discussion of ways in
 which a growing regional economy might be reconciled with ecosystem
 restoration. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 271-303 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Ecosystem Restoration, Economic Impact Analysis, Regional Economic Models, Florida Everglades, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120899 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120899
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lutz 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz 
Title: NO x Emissions and the Use of Advanced Pollution Abatement Techniques in West Germany 
Abstract:
  This paper concentrates on the integration of pollution abatement
 techniques for NO x emissions into the environmentally enlarged
 input-output model PANTA RHEI II for West Germany. The use of available
 abatement technologies is explained by emission prices, investment and
 technological factors for different sectors and energy carriers.
 Simulation runs to the year 2005 show the economic, environmental and
 technological effects of a tax on NO x emissions, when revenues are
 recycled via reductions of employers' social security contributions. A cut
 of emissions by almost one third against the businessas-usual level is
 reached. In particular, the use of advanced pollution abatement techniques
 and structural changes prevent negative economic effects on the macro
 level. Lower real wages even induce higher employment. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 305-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Energy-ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMY Modelling, Emission Taxesy, Abatement Technologies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120907 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:305-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henrik Jacobsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Henrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen 
Title: Energy Demand, Structural Change and Trade: A Decomposition Analysis of the Danish Manufacturing Industry 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the relation between trade patterns and energy
 consumption in manufacturing industries. An input-output decomposition
 method is used to decompose the change in industrial energy consumption
 for Denmark into six components, of which three are trade-related.
 Trade-induced changes in energy consumption have important implications
 for issues such as international distribution and regulation of energy
 consumption and emissions. It is shown that a structural change in foreign
 trade patterns can increase domestic energy demand. This is contrary,
 however, to what might be expected for a small industrialized country,
 which is presumed to export products that intensively use inputs of
 skilled manpower as well as research and development. Finally,
 calculations carried out at different levels of aggregation are compared.
 The findings here demonstrate the importance of large variations in energy
 intensities among subsectors for the calculation results. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 319-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Decomposition, Energy Demand, Trade, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120916 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120916
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Hanel 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanel 
Title: R&D, Interindustry and International Technology Spillovers and the Total Factor Productivity Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Canada, 1974-1989 
Abstract:
  The paper presents new econometric evidence on the relationship between
 total factor productivity growth and the R&D expenditures of Canadian
 manufacturing industries in the presence of interindustry and
 international spillovers of technology. In contrast to studies that
 presume that international spillovers are incorporated in imports of
 intermediate and/or capital equipment goods, the present paper assumes
 that the principal channel of transmission of new technology is foreign
 direct investment. Three original proxies for international spillovers use
 information on patenting, the size and the origin of foreign ownership in
 the host country and the R&D expenditures in the country of origin. The
 results suggest that the nexus between industry's own R&D expenditures and
 the TFP growth is significant and positive, especially for the
 process-related R&D. Domestic interindustry spillovers of new technology
 have a larger effect on TFP than industry's own R&D expenditures. All
 three proxies for international technology spillovers are associated
 positively and significantly with TFP growth. However, international
 spillovers contribute to TFP growth less than domestic interindustry
 spillovers and less than own process-related R&D. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 345-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: International R & D Spillovers, Patents, Total Factor Productivity, Foreign Direct Investment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120925 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120925
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Axel During 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: During 
Author-Name: Hermann Schnabel 
Author-X-Name-First: Hermann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnabel 
Title: Imputed Interindustry Technology Flows - A Comparative SMFA Analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper shows how the pattern of an interindustry R&D flow system can
 be detected using a Subsystem-MFA (SMFA). The standard subsystem analysis
 shows the innovation spillovers of the relevant innovative sectors of a
 country, which are then turned into graphical form so that the sector
 clustering into this system can be displayed like a 'molecule' of sectors.
 The analysis uses the recently published input-output tables of the OECD
 for Germany, Japan and the United States for the beginning, the middle and
 the end of the 1980s. The analysis uses R&D-expenditures as an
 innovation-indicatorvector, published also by the OECD. The results show
 that there are specific patterns of interindustry imputed R&D flows that
 differ to some extent between the given countries. These differences can
 be interpreted as being due to the specific economic history of these
 countries. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 363-375 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Technology Flows, Innovation, Subsystem Mfa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120934 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120934
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ina Drejer 
Author-X-Name-First: Ina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drejer 
Title: Comparing Patterns of Industrial Interdependence in National Systems of Innovation - A Study of Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a quantitatively based method for comparing the
 structure of National Systems of Innovation (NSI). The emphasis is on
 technological interdependencies at the industrial level in Germany, Japan,
 the United Kingdom and the United States. The mapping of the
 interdependencies, based on input-output tables, builds on a graph
 theoretical model (a minimal flow analysis). R&D expenses are used as the
 technology indicator. The NSI framework is taken as the point of
 departure. It is claimed that 'history matters', through relating
 historical descriptions and analyses of industrialization processes to the
 findings of structural analyses of R&D interdependencies within the NSIs.
 The paper shows that the national systems tend to cluster in two main
 'bulks'. One is centred around industrial chemicals and/or
 pharmaceuticals, and the other is centred around communication equipment,
 electronics etc. In most cases these clusters do not appear to be closely
 technologically related through embodied R&D flows, i.e. it seems
 appropriate to assume that two distinct technology bases are at play. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 377-399 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: National Systems Of Innovation, Minimal Flow Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120943 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120943
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Sonis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonis 
Author-Name: J. D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: J. D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Jiemin Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiemin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Title: A New Image of Classical Key Sector Analysis: Minimum Information Decomposition of the Leontief Inverse 
Abstract:
  This paper provides a theoretical framework for the Rasmussen-Hirschman
 key sector analysis based on a minimum information approach. This approach
 introduces a separation of information about regional economic structure
 into two parts. In the first part, knowledge about economic structure,
 extracted on the basis of minimum information included in the row and
 column multipliers, is extracted from the Leontief inverse matrix. The
 second part presents the specifics of synergetic interactions between
 different sectors of the economy. A corresponding intensity matrix
 represents the strength of the fields of influence of simultaneous
 multiple changes. From this formulation, a minimum information
 decomposition of the Leontief inverse is shown to exist and applied to
 Chinese input-output tables for 1987 and 1990. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 401-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Key Sectors, Minimum Information, Intensity Matrix, China, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120952 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120952
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:401-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josef Richter 
Author-X-Name-First: Josef 
Author-X-Name-Last: Richter 
Title: In memoriam: Dr Jiri Skolka, 1928-2000 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 437-438 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120970 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310050120970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:437-438




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amos Golan 
Author-X-Name-First: Amos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golan 
Author-Name: Stephen Vogel 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vogel 
Title: Estimation of Non-Stationary Social Accounting Matrix Coefficients with Supply-Side Information 
Abstract:
  Given aggregated data, a framework for estimating the entries of a social
 accounting matrix (SAM), or any large matrix of expenditures, trade or
 income flows, is developed. Under this framework it is possible to
 evaluate the contribution of structural and supply-side information, as
 well as policy variables, within the generalized context of a
 non-stationary SAM. Inference and diagnostic properties are developed as
 well. This new estimator can be viewed as a generalized maximum likelihood
 estimator. Stationary and non-stationary estimates of the US SAM for the
 years 1987-1994 together with the effects of supply-side variables are
 analyzed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 447-471 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Information, Maximum Entropy, Maximum Likelihood, Social Accounting Matrix, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310020003775 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310020003775
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jorge Alarcon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alarcon 
Author-Name: Jan Van Heemst 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Heemst 
Author-Name: Niek De Jong 
Author-X-Name-First: Niek 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Jong 
Title: Extending the SAM with Social and Environmental Indicators: An Application to Bolivia 
Abstract:
  Extending economic accounts with sets of social and environmental
 indicators is a first step towards a more integrated analysis of aspects
 of sustainability problems. In this article, therefore, a proposal is made
 to nest social and environmental indicators into an existing economic
 accounting framework. The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is taken as a
 basis, because of its flexibility regarding extensions with non-monetary
 data addressing social and environmental concerns. The main thrust of the
 paper is methodological. From the discussion of methodological issues and
 the application to the SAM for Bolivia for the year 1989, it is concluded
 that it is, in principle, feasible and relatively simple to extend the SAM
 with the two sets of indicators. However, additional data will have to be
 collected to be able to address, more adequately, the problems of
 sustainability. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 473-496 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Social Accounting Matrix, Environment, Social Indicators, Bolivia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310020003784 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310020003784
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: Structural Decomposition Analyses with Dependent Determinants 
Abstract:
  Structural decomposition techniques are used to break down the changes in
 one variable into the changes in its determinants. Typically, these
 determinants are assumed to be independent. Using the decomposition of
 value added growth as a prototype example, this paper examines the
 phenomenon that several of the determinants are not independent. The
 determinants are termed fully dependent if changes in one determinant
 cannot occur without corresponding changes in another determinant. In most
 empirical cases, full dependence exists between groups of determinants,
 not between separate determinants. It is indicated that dependencies may
 cause a bias in the results of decomposition analyses. An alternative to
 overcome this problem is proposed and the findings are illustrated by an
 empirical study for The Netherlands 1972-1986. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 497-514 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Structural Decomposition, Value Added Growth, Dependent Variables, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310020003793 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310020003793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:497-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazumi Hitomi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazumi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hitomi 
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Michael Sonis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonis 
Title: The Role of Interregional Trade in Generating Change in the Regional Economies of Japan, 1980-1990 
Abstract:
  An earlier analysis (Hewings et al., 1998) revealed the 'hollowing-out'
 process, a decrease in the level of intraregional intermediation, in the
 Chicago economy during the period 1975-2011. The main force underlying
 this structural change has been the change in regional trade patterns in a
 way that interregional trades across economies has replaced the local
 purchases of intermediate inputs. The issue addressed in this paper
 focuses on the decomposition of structural change into changes in
 interregional trade and in technology, in order to investigate the nature
 of structural change over time and across sectors. The empirical
 realization is provided by reference to a series of regional input-output
 tables for a nine-region division of the Japanese economy
 (1980-1985-1990). The results revealed that interregional trade has played
 a key role in determining regional output level while technology itself
 had a tendency to decrease further. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 515-537 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Coefficient Change, Interregional Trade, Decomposition, Japan, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310020003801 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310020003801
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:515-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: Endogenous Growth and Structural Change in a Dynamic Input-Output Model 
Abstract:
  This paper introduces a simple dynamic input-output model, in which some
 of the most important properties of recent endogenous growth theory are
 included: innovation, knowledge spillovers, constant returns to scale at
 the macro level, and full employment. The wish to keep the hybrid model as
 tractable as possible (despite the industry detail) caused some
 substantial simplifications: contrary to most endogenous growth models,
 the model lacks an explicit microeconomic foundation and disregards any
 opportunity for instantaneous substitution. After the constituent
 equations are presented, the long-run behavior of the model is studied by
 a number of computer simulations for a hypothetical economy. The paper
 concludes with some illustrations of the potential practical power of
 future interindustry endogenous growth models in integrating issues like
 technology, investment, trade and education. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026229 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026229
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elio Londero 
Author-X-Name-First: Elio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Londero 
Title: By-Products 
Abstract:
  This paper distinguishes between by-products of the activity and those
 associated with changes in the demand for another jointly-produced output.
 It attempts to define when one or more jointly-produced outputs would be
 by-products of the activity and others would be produced at the margin.
 The conditions are explored that are necessary for one or more
 jointly-produced outputs to be, or behave like, by-products of the
 activity. These conditions are expected to help in sorting out by-products
 from marginally produced outputs in the preparation of cost structures for
 analytic work. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 35-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Products, Input-OUTPUT, Joint Production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026238 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026238
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sherman Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Sherman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Author-Name: Andrea Cattaneo 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cattaneo 
Author-Name: Moataz El-Said 
Author-X-Name-First: Moataz 
Author-X-Name-Last: El-Said 
Title: Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods 
Abstract:
  The problem in estimating a social accounting matrix (SAM) for a recent
 year is to find an efficient and cost-effective way to incorporate and
 reconcile information from a variety of sources, including data from prior
 years. Based on information theory, the paper presents a flexible 'cross
 entropy' (CE) approach to estimating a consistent SAM starting from
 inconsistent data estimated with error, a common experience in many
 countries. The method represents an efficient information processing
 rule-using only and all information available. It allows incorporating
 errors in variables, inequality constraints, and prior knowledge about any
 part of the SAM. An example is presented, applying the CE approach to data
 from Mozambique, using a Monte Carlo approach to compare the CE approach
 to the standard RAS method and to evaluate the gains in precision from
 utilizing additional information. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 47-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Entropy, Cross Entropy, Social Accounting Matrices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026247 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026247
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: A Generalized Input-Output Multiplier Calculus for Australia 
Abstract:
  A static, generalized input-output framework for calculating simple
 multipliers is presented for Australian data. In this framework, capital
 investment and imports are internalized into domestic inter-industrial
 intermediate demand, non-square matrices are introduced in order to enable
 the inclusion of finer detail commodity data, and matrices in both
 monetary and physical units are employed. A range of labour and energy
 multipliers are calculated, referring to total output, final demand, final
 consumption, basic values, producers' prices, purchasers' prices,
 commodities and industries. Uncertainties of multipliers are assessed in
 detail, using Monte Carlo simulations. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 65-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Input-OUTPUT Multipliers, Uncertainty Analysis, Australia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026256 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026256
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen 
Title: The Location of Comparative Advantages on the Basis of Fundamentals Only 
Abstract:
  We propose a new way to locate the comparative advantages of two
 economies linked by international trade. We construct a competitive
 benchmark based only on the fundamentals of the two economies: endowments,
 preferences and technologies. The direction of trade is endogenously
 determined by a linear program with an input-output core. The factor
 contents of that trade are compared with factor endowments to test the
 Heckscher-Ohlin model in the presence of different technologies and
 preferences. We can also evaluate the gains of free bilateral trade. The
 model is applied to a customs union between Europe and Canada. The
 Heckscher-Ohlin factor abundance specialization hypothesis is supported by
 the data. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 93-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Gains Free Trade, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026265 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026265
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerd Ahlert 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlert 
Title: The Economic Effects of the Soccer World Cup 2006 in Germany with Regard to Different Financing 
Abstract:
  This paper presents some results using the sport-economic simulation
 model SPORT. This model is based on a sport-specific input-output table
 for the year 1993, which has been integrated into the German INFORGE
 model. The performance of this model founded on the INFORUM philosophy.
 The results illustrate the importance of modelling sport-economic
 activities in deep detail, especially the integration of the system of
 national accounts. In addition, the results also show that it is possible
 to calculate the macroeconomic effects of the soccer World Cup, which may
 perhaps be hosted by Germany in 2006, with regard to the different
 financing of necessary extensions of public sports infrasfructure. Under
 favourable conditions-independent of the type of financing of these
 necessary investments-the staging of the soccer World Cup positively
 influences income and employment. Such calculations allow the
 decision-maker to estimate the opportunity costs of their decisions and
 can be the basis for an extended cost-benefit analysis. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 109-127 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Sport-SPECIFIC Input-OUTPUT Table, Soccer World, Sport-ECONOMIC Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120026274 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120026274
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Pyatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pyatt 
Title: Some Early Multiplier Models of the Relationship between Income Distribution and Production Structure 
Abstract:
  Early efforts to endogenize consumption and hence to model the
 inter-relationships between production structures and income distribution
 via multiplier models are reviewed in this paper. It is suggested that,
 unlike the multipliers in Pyatt et al. (1973), the so-called Miyazawa
 multipliers cannot be sustained in the context of a model of the
 distribution of income among institutions (households, companies, etc)
 i.e. the institutional distribution of income. They can, however, be
 sustained within a model of the distribution of income among factors, i.e.
 the factorial distribution of income. Both distributions are modelled by
 Pyatt & Round (1979) which therefore provides a more general framework for
 analysing the relationship between the distribution of income and the
 structure of production. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 139-163 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Multipliers, Social Accounting Matrices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120052434 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120052434
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: Reconciling Domestication Techniques, the Notion of Re-exports and Some Comments on Regional Accounting 
Abstract:
  Recent work by Jackson (1998) subtly pointed out a means of forming
 direct input coefficient matrices from national technology that is
 different from that published elsewhere. In this paper, I rationalize his
 approach and also point out that prior approaches may still be useful in
 certain applications where the phenomenon of re-exports (imports that
 satisfy exports) are explicit in exports accounts. In the second half of
 this paper, I show some means of developing regional accounts, currently
 being used in the US, that are more elaborate than those Jackson
 discussed. For example, I substitute regional shares of employment with
 earnings shares to obtain productivity adjusted regional output. I also
 suggest using available regional value added and regional labour income
 when producing regional Use matrices. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 165-179 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Regional Accounts, Commodity Industry, International Trade, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120052443 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120052443
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark De Haan 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Haan 
Title: A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Pollution in the Netherlands 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews the results of a structural decomposition analysis in
 which the annual changes in a number of air pollutants and solid waste are
 decomposed according to their causes. The analysis in this paper is
 applied with the help of the so-called National Accounting Matrix
 including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) for the Netherlands, covering
 annual data for the period 1987-1998. In a sensitivity analysis it is
 shown that the average of any pair of so-called 'mirror image'
 decomposition forms will substantially reduce the variation in the
 estimates. These mirror image couples are approximately just as reliable
 as the full average of all decomposition forms. Besides reliable results,
 the full average also foresees the mutual comparability between the
 distinguished change factors and is therefore applied in the empirical
 analyses presented in this paper. The results of these analyses contain
 the macro-economic developments, results on the industry level as well as
 a comprehensive overview of the origin and destination of pollution in the
 Dutch economy that includes the environmental consequences of consumption
 and international trade. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 181-196 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Structural Decomposition Analysis, National Accounting Matrix, Environmental Accounts, Namea, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120052452 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120052452
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Reinert 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reinert 
Author-Name: David Roland-Holst 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roland-Holst 
Title: Industrial Pollution Linkages in North America: A Linear Analysis 
Abstract:
  In recent years, a surge of interest in the linkages between trade and
 the environment has occurred in the contexts of both regional and
 multilateral trade agreements. In this paper, we utilize a three-country,
 social accounting matrix (SAM) of the North American economy and data from
 the World Bank's Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) to conduct
 a linear multiplier analysis of industrial pollution linkages in North
 America. We provide estimates of both direct and indirect inter-country
 effects for a detailed set of industrial pollutants. The strongest
 linkages occur in the petroleum, chemicals, paper, base metals, and
 transportation equipment sectors. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 197-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Nafta, Pollution, Social Accounting Matricesy, Multiplier Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120052461 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120052461
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roman Kiedrowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Roman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiedrowski 
Title: A Turnpike Theorem in the Closed Dynamic Leontief Model with a Singular Matrix of Capital Coefficients 
Abstract:
  The paper refers to the well-known Tsukui turnpike theorem on convergence
 of optimal growth trajectories in the closed dynamic Leontief model to the
 maximum balanced growth trajectory, called turnpike. In the original proof
 of this theorem, the assumption that the matrix B of capital coefficients
 is non-singular plays an essential role. For many reasons this assumption,
 very convenient for theoretical analysis, is not always satisfied in
 input-output systems built for empirical purposes. This paper fills the
 gap between theory and empirical studies, presenting a proof that
 convergence of optimal trajectories towards the turnpike is also a
 characteristic feature of the closed Leontief model in the case when
 matrix B is singular. The general idea of the proof is based on the
 approximation of a singular matrix B by an infinite sequence of
 non-singular matrices. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 209-222 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: K Eywords Optimal Growth, Turnpike Theorem, Dynamic Leontief Model, Singular Matrix, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120064885 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120064885
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aying Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Aying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: David Saal 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saal 
Title: Structural Change in Apartheid-era South Africa: 1975-93 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the sources of structural changes in output growth of
 South Africa's economy over 1975-93 using a decomposition method within
 the inputoutput (IO) framework for analysing output changes from a demand
 side perspective. It decomposes output growth into private consumption,
 government consumption, investment and export components and also measures
 the impact of import substitution and changes in intermediate input use
 (as indicated by changes in IO coefficients). It is found that, before
 1981, overall output growth was multi-components driven with all the above
 components contributing positively to economic growth. However, the
 collapse of investment demand is by far the single largest factor
 contributing to the economic stagnation that categorizes the post-1981
 period. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 235-257 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Output Growth, Structural Change, Decomposition, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070130 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070130
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mette Wier 
Author-X-Name-First: Mette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wier 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Jesper Munksgaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munksgaard 
Author-Name: Sinne Smed 
Author-X-Name-First: Sinne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smed 
Title: Effects of Household Consumption Patterns on CO2 Requirements 
Abstract:
  In order to evaluate the relation between the consumption pattern of
 various household types and their CO2 requirements, we combine
 input-output tables energy flow matrices, CO2 emissions factors, and
 national consumer survey statistics into an integrated modelling
 framework, and relate differences in household types to differences in
 private consumption and again to differences in CO2 emissions. We identify
 household characteristics with a significant influence on CO2 emissions.
 Comparing our results with those of other studies reveals that national
 differences in climate and population density cause differences in the
 contribution to CO2 emissions. Finally, national differences in income and
 expenditure elasticities of both energy and CO2 are due to differences in
 the disparity in CO2 intensities amongst commodities and to the model's
 assumptions on foreign technology. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 259-274 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Co2 Emissions, Consumption Patterny, Household Characteristics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070149 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070149
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose Euclides Cavalcanti 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Euclides 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cavalcanti 
Title: Income Distributive Effects in the Brazilian Economy 
Abstract:
  Studies aiming to evaluate the structural distribution of economic
 impacts usually treat consumption demand as an exogenous variable. In this
 case, the Leontief matrix multiplier lacks the multiplier process via the
 consumption function that one customarily finds in a Keynesian model. To
 regard the consumption as a fictitious production activity is not the
 appropriate procedure. Instead, the Keynesian consumption function is
 introduced at a disaggregated level. For that, a matrix multiplier was
 formulated in order to combine Leontief's propagation process with the
 Keynesian propagation process. This matrix includes the effects of
 endogenous changes in consumption demand. Based on the present production
 structure in Brazil, the results show how the propagation effect directs
 the induced income towards capitalists, depriving wage earners. The model
 also allows for evaluation of diverse effects of the propagation process
 according to income and consumption coefficients by sector. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 275-287 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Miyazawa, Income Distribution, Impact Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070158 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070158
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Bidard 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bidard 
Author-Name: Tom Schatteman 
Author-X-Name-First: Tom 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schatteman 
Title: The Spectrum of Random Matrices 
Abstract:
  The Frobenius eigenvector of a positive square matrix is obtained by
 iterating the multiplication of an arbitrary positive vector by the
 matrix. Brody (1997) noticed that, when the entries of the matrix are
 independently and identically distributed, the speed of convergence
 increases statistically with the dimension of the matrix. As the speed
 depends on the ratio between the subdominant and the dominant eigenvalues,
 Brody's conjecture amounts to stating that this ratio tends to zero when
 the dimension tends to infinity. The paper provides a simple proof of the
 result. Some mathematical and economic aspects of the problem are
 discussed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 289-298 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Brodyy, Dominant Eigenvalues, Frobenius, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070167 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070167
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:289-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisheng Zeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng 
Title: A Property of the Leontief Inverse and its Applications to Comparative Static Analysis 
Abstract:
  We arbitrarily choose a submatrix of order 2 in the Leontief inverse
 matrix B . If a main diagonal element in the submatrix is a main diagonal
 element in B , then the determinant of the submatrix is non-negative; in
 particular, if the two main diagonal elements in the submatrix are all the
 main diagonal elements in B , then the determinant of the submatrix is
 greater than or equal to 1. This property can be used in the comparative
 static analysis for the input-output model. For example, when the change
 only occurs in one sectoral final demand or one corresponding row of the
 input coefficient matrix, which leads to a change of this sectoral gross
 output, the equivalent conditions that the absolute value of the rate of
 change of this sectoral gross output is larger than or equal to all other
 sectoral change rates and larger than at least one sectoral rate of change
 are shown. It is impossible to derive the exact results for the
 comparative static analysis if the property is not applied. A previous
 fault confirms this point. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 299-315 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Leontief Inverse, Comparative Static Analysis, Input-OUTPUT Model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070185 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070185
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: Report on the Macerata Conference 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 317-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09537320120070194 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537320120070194
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:317-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Hajime Inamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Hajime 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inamura 
Title: A Structural Decomposition of Energy Consumption Based on a Hybrid Rectangular Input-Output Framework: Japan's Case 
Abstract:
  This paper proposes an I-O SDA model, based on a commodity technology
 assumption, to identify the sources of changes in the energy demand
 structure, the non-energy input structure, the non-energy product-mix and
 the non-energy final demand of embodied energy requirements. The model
 contains two features. First, the hybrid rectangular input-output
 framework expressed in both monetary and physical terms is introduced to
 relax the effects of different energy prices among industrial sectors on
 the input structure in physical terms. Second, the demand structure of the
 input-output system is decomposed into the structure of energy sectors and
 other sectors by applying the hierarchy system with feedback loops of
 non-energy sectors. We identify the sources of the changes in Japan's
 energy use structure between 1985 and 1990. The major findings are that
 the total energy requirement has increased, mainly because of the changes
 in the non-energy final demand, while the product-mix changes have
 opposite effects, that is, energy savings. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 339-363 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Hybrid Rectangular Input-OUTPUT Framework, Hierarchy System, Structural Decomposition Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120089752 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120089752
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rossella Bardazzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Rossella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardazzi 
Author-Name: Marco Barnabani 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnabani 
Title: A Long-run Disaggregated Cross-section and Time-series Demand System: An Application to Italy 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we study a long-run disaggregated model of consumption
 following an approach based on an integrated cross-section and time-series
 demand system. The study consists of three steps. First, a cross-section
 analysis is performed on data from household budget surveys. At this
 stage, the problem of 'zero expenditures' is solved. The cross-section
 results are transformed into variables for use in the time-series system
 of demand. Then, this demand system is built and estimated. Some results
 for Italy concerning both the cross-section and the time-series analyses
 are presented. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 365-389 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Demand Systems, Cross-SECTION And Time Series Models, Lon-RUN Disaggregated Models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120089761 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120089761
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:365-389




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Shestalova 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shestalova 
Title: General Equilibrium Analysis of International TFP Growth Rates 
Abstract:
  The paper presents a study of the total factor productivity (TFP)
 performance among developed countries between 1985 and 1990. The analysis
 includes the three large economies: the US, Japan and Europe. A general
 equilibrium model of these economies is used to estimate TFP growth at the
 sectoral and at the aggregate levels. The model is based on the
 fundamentals of the economies and employs only data on input-output flows,
 factor inputs across sectors, consumption and trade patterns and
 endowments. Prices are endogenous in the model. They are obtained as
 shadow prices from the model's linear program and then used to measure TFP
 growth and decompose it in a technical change effect, a demand effect and
 a terms-of-trade effect. The technical change effect is highly correlated
 with the conventional Solow residual measure. This result lends support to
 the standard measure of technological change. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 391-404 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Total Factor Productivity Growth, Input-OUTPUT Tables, Equilibrium, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120089770 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120089770
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:391-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guido Cella 
Author-X-Name-First: Guido 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cella 
Author-Name: Giovanni Pica 
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pica 
Title: Inefficiency Spillovers in Five OECD Countries: An Interindustry Analysis 
Abstract:
  Empirical studies have widely demonstrated that real-world activities are
 rarely on their production frontier. Hence, an obvious concern arises
 towards the detection of inefficiencies affecting sectoral performances.
 The current literature and practice have widely explored the sources of
 inefficiency internal to decision-making units. This paper argues that a
 major role is played by external effects due to inefficiency spillovers
 propagating through interindustry transactions. In order to take this
 mechanism into account, the paper suggests assessing sectoral performances
 by a system approach that makes use of shadow prices of intermediate
 inputs. Our approach is able to disentangle sectoral inefficiencies into
 internal sectoral inefficiencies and inefficiencies imported from other
 sectors. The latter component is due to inefficiency spillovers that
 appear to be empirically relevant in all sectors of five OECD countries. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 405-416 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Inefficiency, Spilloversy, Production Frontier, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120089789 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120089789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:405-416




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gulay Gunlu k-Senesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Gulay Gunlu 
Author-X-Name-Last: k-Senesen 
Author-Name: Umit Senesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Umit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Senesen 
Title: Reconsidering Import Dependency in Turkey: The Breakdown of Sectoral Demands with Respect to Suppliers 
Abstract:
  The common practice for finding direct and indirect import requirements
 in response to domestic final demand changes involves multiplication of
 the direct imports coefficients matrix by the Leontief inverse matrix of
 domestic coefficients. The outcome is usually referred to as the import
 dependency matrix, a typical element of which gives intermediate import
 demand, induced by the domestic final demand (policy) sector (column),
 from the foreign (origin) sector (row). We propose an alternative
 methodology to capture all three dimensions of import dependency, i.e.
 origin, destination and policy. The information content of the import
 dependency matrix is expanded by information on domestic sectors
 (destination) which demand intermediate imports. Calculations reveal some
 interesting features of import dependency in Turkey, namely that policy
 sectors mostly coincide with destination sectors, that oil refinery
 emerges as a leading destination sector for all, and that raw petroleum is
 a leading origin sector. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 417-428 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Imports Turkey, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310120089798 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310120089798
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masahiro Kuroda 
Author-X-Name-First: Masahiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuroda 
Title: Annual Report of the IIOA, 2000 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 429-435 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310020089798 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310020089798
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:429-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sherman Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Sherman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Author-Name: Zhi Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Will Martin 
Author-X-Name-First: Will 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin 
Title: Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization 
Abstract:
  This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on
 the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import
 embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing
 countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade
 liberalization not only directly affects world service production and
 trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the
 economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry
 input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by
 developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with
 new information and advanced technology. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Service, Trade, Liberalization, Inter-INDUSTRY, Links, Import, Embodied, Technology, Transfer, Model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220111806 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310220111806
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taran F&#xe6;hn 
Author-X-Name-First: Taran 
Author-X-Name-Last: F&#xe6;hn 
Title: The Qualitative and Quantitative Significance of Non-Tariff Barriers: An ERP study of Norway 
Abstract:
  Along with a de-escalation of tariffsin most industrialized countries, a
 wide range of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) has been developed. NTBs are more
 challenging to study than tariffsbecause they are more difficult to detect
 and measure, and because the qualitative functioning of NTBs varies
 according to their design. In particular, equivalent tariff rate estimates
 on import quantity restrictions will endogenously react to domestic market
 shifts, for instance as a result of shifts in other commercial policy
 measures. Besides emphasizing the quantitative dominance of NTBs to
 tariffs in the Norwegian trade policy system, this study of Effective
 Rates of Protection clearly illustrates that it may be critical for trade
 policy studies to model qualitatively the interdependency between
 different policy measures. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 35-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Non-TARIFF Barriers, Trade, Policy, Analyses, Effective, Protection, Input-OUTPUT, Analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220111815 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310220111815
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:35-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiyoshi Fujikawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Kiyoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujikawa 
Author-Name: Carlo Milana 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Milana 
Title: Input-Output Decomposition Analysis of Sectoral Price Gaps between Japan and China 
Abstract:
  Sectoral price gaps that were observed in 1990 between Japan and China
 are studied in this paper by using a decomposition procedure within the
 input-output framework. The empirical results show that Japan exhibited
 producer prices that were higher than those observed in China mainly
 because it registered higher wages that were only partially offset by
 higher productivity. The effects on output cost gaps of primaryinput price
 differences and relative productivity levels are analysed. The effects
 arising from the use of direct inputs as well as the indirect effects that
 are incorporated into the difference of intermediate-input prices are
 accounted for by means of an input-output decomposition technique. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 59-79 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Input-OUTPUT, Decomposition, Price, Gaps, China, Japan, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220111824 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310220111824
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Carlos Collado 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Collado 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: Recovering Hidden Indirect Tax Rates for Improved Calibration in Multisectoral Modelling 
Abstract:
  We explain in this work why a straight calibration to published
 input-output or SAM data in multisectoral modelling may lead to the use of
 an incorrect representation of the productive technology, hence casting
 doubts on the value of the empirical results. The culprit is the possible
 presence of indirect taxation in the form of, for instance, a value-added
 tax. We show how to unveil the hidden tax rates so as to clean up
 published data of this possibly distorting presence and therefore
 calibrate the correct production technology. This technology can then be
 used for multisectoral (i.e. CGE, input-output) analysis and simulations. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 81-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Input-OUTPUT, Data, Calibration, General, Equilibrium, Models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220111833 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310220111833
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuhiko Nishimura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nishimura 
Title: Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure 
Abstract:
  We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the
 introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system
 that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested
 introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in
 creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy
 the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment
 process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we
 propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing
 technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive
 structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available
 information on the ex ante technological structure. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 89-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Technology, Introduction, Generalized, Leontief, System, Hawkins-SIMON, Condition, Dynamic, Adjustment, Process, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220111842 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310220111842
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:89-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisheng Zeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng 
Title: Erratum to 'A Property of the Leontief Inverse and its Applications to Comparative Static Analysis' 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 103-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310210644 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310210644
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:103-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sikhanwita Roy 
Author-X-Name-First: Sikhanwita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy 
Author-Name: Tuhin Das 
Author-X-Name-First: Tuhin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Das 
Author-Name: Debesh Chakraborty 
Author-X-Name-First: Debesh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty 
Title: A Study on the Indian Information Sector: An Experiment with Input-Output Techniques 
Abstract:
	      It is widely recognized that rapid changes in information
 technology (IT) are bringing about major structural changes in the
 economies of the world. Information flexibility, product quality and fast
 response are the key factors for global competition and IT plays a
 critical role in these areas. Policy-makers in industrialized and
 developing countries view IT as a critical infrastructure to enhance their
 access to global knowledge, markets and capital. These views--of IT as
 infrastructure and as core capability for development--resonate with
 India's aspirations to modernize its infrastructure, transform its
 industry and join the global economy. Realizing the huge potential of the
 Indian IT industry, we make an attempt in this paper to study the extent
 of informatization in the Indian economy during the period 1983-84 to
 1989-90 and try to identify the information intensive sectors. This paper
 also studies the sources of growth of the information sectors of India
 during 1983-84 to 1989-90 with the help of a structural decomposition
 analysis (SDA).	  
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 107-129 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220140924 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535310220140924 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:107-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex R. Hoen 
Author-X-Name-First: Alex R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoen 
Title: Identifying Linkages with a Cluster-based Methodology 
Abstract:
	      Although many methods for studying linkages between economic
 sectors exist, most methods only analyse the linkages between a specific
 sector and all other sectors, or the effects of all sectors on the economy
 as a whole. Cluster analysis may be helpful to analyse which sectors are
 strongly connected to each other, when no specific sector is given in
 advance. The present article reviews how cluster analysis contributes to
 the analysis of intersectoral linkages. Furthermore, it describes several
 possible identification methods of these clusters. After selecting the
 best method, the article provides an index that can be used to compute the
 degree of similarity between clusters in different regions, countries, or
 time periods.		
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 131-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220140933 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535310220140933 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:131-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark S. Leclair 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leclair 
Title: Export Composition and Manufacturing Employment in the US during the Economic Downturn of 1991-92 
Abstract:
	      This paper examines the effect that export composition had
 upon manufacturing employment in the US during the 1991 recession.
 Although it takes, on average, approximately $66 000 in exports to create
 one job, the exact gains in terms of total employment depend upon the
 labour-intensity of the products being exported. Foreign sales by the
 chemical and textile industries result in a far greater increase in
 employment than exports by the petroleum refining or steel industries.
 This analysis estimates the employment effects of manufacturing exports
 over the 1989-95 period, utilizing an input-output model to capture both
 direct and indirect effects. The results demonstrate that export
 composition has, at times, both strengthened and reduced demand for
 labour. Consequently, if job-creation is a national goal, it may be in the
 interests of the US to promote exports from sectors that are labour-using. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 147-156 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220140942 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535310220140942 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Finn Tarp 
Author-X-Name-First: Finn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarp 
Author-Name: David Roland-Holst 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roland-Holst 
Author-Name: John Rand 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rand 
Title: Trade and Income Growth in Vietnam: Estimates from a New Social Accounting Matrix 
Abstract:
	      Economic reforms and greater outward orientation are giving
 rise to extensive structural change in the Vietnamese economy. Because of
 the leverage that global markets can exert on an emerging economy, such
 adjustments will be particularly significant in the composition of
 domestic supply and demand. As domestic protection levels are reduced and
 external market access increases, trade growth and shifting trade patterns
 will have pervasive effects on income distribution in Vietnam. In this
 paper, we use a newly estimated Vietnam social accounting matrix to
 elucidate the links between trade and income in the country. With matrix
 decomposition methods, we show how the Vietnamese economy propagates the
 direct effects of external demand across the spectrum of domestic
 activities, factors, and households. This detailed analysis provides a
 blueprint for policies to improve economic participation of activities and
 households with relatively weak linkages to the rest of the economy.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 157-184 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220140951 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535310220140951 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:157-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Hajime Inamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Hajime 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inamura 
Author-Name: Yuichi Moriguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moriguchi 
Title: The Invisible Multipliers of Joint-products 
Abstract:
	      This paper proposes a hybrid input-output model to estimate
 the intermediate requirements embodied in the final disposal--such as
 reclamation and incineration - of non-marketable scraps and wastes from
 industries or households. The model is based on a mixed technology
 assumption in order to connect the monetary distribution of the ordinary
 goods and services with the physical distribution of the scraps and wastes
 as joint-products. Moreover, some demand-pulled invisible multipliers, in
 terms of the scraps and wastes, have been explored by performing a
 numerical simulation. From the invisible multipliers, we find the
 paradoxical phenomenon that the reduction in the amount of final disposal
 and the promotion of material recycling decreases the intermediate demand
 of the scraps and wastes for material recycling if there is a time-lag in
 the introduction of the appropriate recycling technology.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 185-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310220140960 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535310220140960 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:185-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Stehrer 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stehrer 
Title: Dynamics of Trade Integration and Technological Convergence 
Abstract:
  The issue of the impact of trade on economic performance and labour
 markets has been intensively discussed in recent literature on trade
 liberalization and globalization, where the debate was mainly about
 identifying the relative impact of trade and technology. The bulk of the
 existing literature in this area employs, almost without exception, a
 static Heckscher-Ohlin framework that seems not to be a suitable tool for
 analysing the ongoing dynamics. This paper presents a dynamic
 multi-sectoral framework with heterogenous labour to explore the issue of
 trade liberalization and sectoral catching-up in productivity levels. The
 model is basically an input-output framework with Schumpeterian features;
 the latter are modelled as the impact of transitory rents that result from
 uneven productivity growth and technological catching-up upon the price
 and quantity systems of the trading economies. Relative productivity and
 wage rate dynamics across sectors determine the comparative costs and the
 dynamics of trade specialization. In the Appendix, the equilibrium
 solutions of the model are derived. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 219-244 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Trade Liberalization, Economic Integration, Labour Markets, Economic Dynamics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000002486 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531022000002486
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:219-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giandemetrio Marangoni 
Author-X-Name-First: Giandemetrio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marangoni 
Author-Name: Giulio Fezzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Giulio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fezzi 
Title: Input-Output for Management Control: The Case of GlaxoSmithKline 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we present an application of input-output analysis to
 management control and strategic planning for a pharmaceutical company.
 The model highlights the complex system of relationships between the
 different strategic business areas of the company and provides a tool for
 forecasting the dynamics of production, profits and internally shared
 services. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 245-256 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Input-OUTPUT Analysis, Enterprise Management, Strategic Planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000002495 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531022000002495
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:245-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fidel Aroche-Reyes 
Author-X-Name-First: Fidel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aroche-Reyes 
Title: Structural Transformations and Important Coefficients in the North American Economies 
Abstract:
  This paper assesses a few issues related to the question of finding the
 so-called important coefficients in an input-output table. Further, these
 coefficients are located in the corresponding matrices of Canada, the USA
 and Mexico. Important coefficients are analysed employing graph
 theoretical tools as well as qualitative input-output concepts and
 techniques. Empirical results are discussed in terms of the possible
 implications for trade and regional integration which, presumably, would
 have deepened in the 1990s. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 257-273 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Economic Structures, Important Coefficients, Qualitative Input-OUTPUT Analysis, Graphs, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000002503 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531022000002503
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:257-273




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chokri Dridi 
Author-X-Name-First: Chokri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dridi 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: An Investigation of Industry Associations, Association Loops and Economic Complexity: Application to Canada and the United States 
Abstract:
  Various methods were proposed to understand the linkages in an
 input-output system; however, many have focused only on the identification
 of key sectors in the economy. An alternative approach, identifying
 analytically the importance of elements and combinations of elements was
 proposed as a field of influence theory (Sonis et al. , 1996). The purpose
 of this paper is to offer a complementary approach to the field of
 influence and the so-called 'Matrioshka principal' (Sonis & Hewings,
 1990); the objectives are to identify simple row-column associations (i.e.
 statistical dependence), seek hierarchical associations between supply and
 demand in input-output systems and the decomposition of economic
 complexity into finite stages. For the identification of simple
 dependencies between rows and columns, we use a log-linear regression and
 for hierarchical associations and the identification of complexity stages,
 we use the data analysis technique known as dual scaling. Results of both
 approaches will be applied to input-output tables of the US and Canada. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 275-296 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Dual Scaling, Industry Associations, Loops, Economic Complexity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000002512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531022000002512
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:275-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Title: Obituary: Norms, Values and Verification; Francis Seton Remembered 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 301-305 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000002530a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531022000002530a
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:301-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabrielle Antille 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antille 
Author-Name: Emilio Fontela 
Author-X-Name-First: Emilio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fontela 
Title: The Terms of Trade and the International Transfers of Productivity Gains 
Abstract:
	      In international economic relations, when movements of labour
 are limited and fiscal redistributive policies non-existent, changes in
 the terms of trade (the ratio between the prices of exports and imports)
 are the main driving force for the international redistribution of incomes
 or of productivity gains. The concept of productivity flows linked to
 price changes can be extended from the interindustry framework to deal
 with international relations bringing some new insights into the terms of
 trade issues. The paper develops a conceptual framework for the
 computation of international flows of productivity gains, taking into
 consideration the role of exchange rates and the meaning of Purchasing
 Power Parities. It is completed by a set of computations on Swiss
 relations with the rest of the world.		
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000056918 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531032000056918 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ren� Durand 
Author-X-Name-First: Ren� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Durand 
Author-Name: Sylvain V�zina 
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvain 
Author-X-Name-Last: V�zina 
Title: The Performance of Service Industries in Canada: A Real Value Analysis 
Abstract:
	      The performance of service industries in Canada has been
 lower than that of good industries over the last four decades, with
 noticeable exceptions such as for railways and telecommunication carriers.
 Service industries were less economically (and technically) efficient in
 that they generated less output value (quantity) per hour worked (level
 and growth) or per combined unit of labour and capital (multifactor
 productivity growth) than good industries. The relative output price of
 services declined slightly over time compared with goods. At the
 disaggregated level, changing relative output prices were substantial and
 proved to be an important factor explaining the relative satisfactory
 economic performance of many service industries despite their low
 technical performance. Nevertheless, the output share of service
 industries increased over that period, sustained, mainly, by the growing
 recourse of all firms to outsourcing of services.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 21-50 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000056927 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531032000056927 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazusuke Tsujimura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazusuke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura 
Author-Name: Masako Mizoshita 
Author-X-Name-First: Masako 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mizoshita 
Title: Asset-Liability-Matrix Analysis Derived from the Flow-of-Funds Accounts: The Bank of Japan's Quantitative Monetary Policy Examined 
Abstract:
	      The first purpose of this paper is to present the compilation
 procedure of the Asset- Liability-Matrix (ALM) from the Flow-of-Funds
 (FOF) accounts in the balance sheet format that is widely available in IMF
 member countries. The introduction of ALM into the framework of FOF
 analysis enables us to utilize the affluent assets of input-output
 analysis, notably the concept of Leontief inverse. The second purpose of
 this article is to demonstrate the application of ALM to the examination
 of the quantitative monetary policy introduced by the Bank of Japan (BOJ)
 in March 2001. It can be said, as a conclusion, that there was a tactical
 error in the quantitative monetary policy adopted by BOJ in terms of the
 combination of money market operations. We believe that the ALM framework
 of FOF analysis is a powerful and practical device to fulfil this kind of
 examination.	       
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 51-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000056936 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531032000056936 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fatemeh Bazzazan 
Author-X-Name-First: Fatemeh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bazzazan 
Author-Name: Peter Batey 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Batey 
Title: The Development and Empirical Testing of Extended Input-Output Price Models 
Abstract:
	      The focus in this paper is on the input-output price model as
 initially developed by Leontief nearly 60 years ago. A number of
 methodological refinements are proposed, including the formulation, for
 the first time, of an extended price model, with a disaggregated household
 sector. This model is presented in both static and dynamic versions. The
 effects of these refinements are investigated empirically by reference to
 an example of policy analysis. This relates to a hypothetical proposal to
 remove energy subsidies at the national level in Iran. The paper reports
 on the different results produced by each form of price model and also
 provides evidence on the sensitivity of individual parameter values. The
 paper concludes by considering the feasibility of constructing more
 comprehensive versions of the price model and identifying those elements
 of the model for which data are likely to be more difficult to obtain at
 national and regional levels.		
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 69-86 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000056945 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531032000056945 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theo Junius 
Author-X-Name-First: Theo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junius 
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Title: The Solution of Updating or Regionalizing a Matrix with both Positive and Negative Entries 
Abstract:
	      Normally, when updating or regionalizing input-output
 matrices with negative entries, the negative numbers are first brought
 outside the matrix, then the matrix is updated or regionalized, then the
 negative numbers are added back to the result. This is theoretically, and
 sometimes also empirically, a rather unsatisfactory procedure. This paper
 proposes a theoretically sound alternative for the presently used ad hoc
 procedure. Based on the first-order conditions of a restated information
 loss problem, we generalize the RAS-procedure using reciprocals of the
 exponential transformations of the related Lagrange multipliers. The
 diagonal matrices that update or regionalize a given matrix optimally are
 the solutions of a fixed-point problem. To derive a numerical solution,
 the paper presents the GRAS-algorithm, which is illustrated in terms of a
 simple updating example.	   
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 87-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000056954 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531032000056954 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Vos 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vos 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
  This article does not have an abstract 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 107-111 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091126 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091126
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:107-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Pyatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pyatt 
Title: An Alternative Approach to Poverty Analysis 
Abstract:
  A model of the household in which production and consumption activities
 are not separable is developed in order to provide micro-economic
 foundations for an alternative to the standard approach to poverty
 analysis. The alternative suggests that socio-economic groups and their
 respective livelihoods should be the basic building blocks for analysing
 poverty within a general equilibrium framework. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 113-133 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Poverty, Consumption Behaviour, Social Accounting Matrix, Household Modelling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091135 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091135
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:113-133




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angus Deaton 
Author-X-Name-First: Angus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deaton 
Title: Household Surveys, Consumption, and the Measurement of Poverty 
Abstract:
  Household surveys are playing an increasingly important role in the
 measurement of poverty and well-being around the world. The Living
 Standards Measurement Study, which was begun in the World Bank under the
 guidance of Graham Pyatt in 1979, has played an important role in this
 movement. Its surveys are widely used within the Bank to measure
 consumption-based poverty, and survey data are now the exclusive basis for
 the global poverty counts. This paper discusses a number of unresolved
 issues in using consumption-based surveys for measuring well-being,
 including the choice of a money-metric versus welfare-ratio approach, the
 collection of suitable price information, the effects of measurement error
 on estimation, and methods for correcting per capita consumption for the
 demographic structure of the household. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 135-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Household Surveys, Consumption, Poverty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091144 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091144
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey Round 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Round 
Title: Constructing SAMs for Development Policy Analysis: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead 
Abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to appraise a few of the key innovative features
 of the early work in compiling SAMs for development policy analysis; to
 set out and review some recent methodological advances; and to identify
 those areas where compilation continues to be problematic. It briefly
 re-visits the features of the SAM as an integrating framework and sets out
 its relationship to the SNA 1993. The main compilation problems faced in
 practice arise from assembling the household accounts from household
 survey data where income data are especially unreliable and are difficult
 to link to the factor accounts and to income transfers. Experience is
 drawn from the construction of a Ghana SAM. In the literature relatively
 more attention has been devoted to balancing and data reconciliation
 methods, which are briefly reviewed, although these are second order
 adjustments and much still depends on the quality of the initial estimates 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 161-183 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Social Accounting Matrices, Household Accounts, Balancing Methods, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091153 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091153
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Keuning 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keuning 
Author-Name: Marleen Verbruggen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marleen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbruggen 
Title: European Structural Indicators, A Way Forward 
Abstract:
  At the 2000 Lisbon summit, the European Union formulated the ambition to
 transform itself into &#x22;the most competitive and dynamic
 knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic
 growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion'. It is
 remarkable that, until recently, European statisticians were hardly
 involved in the design of a statistical information system and related
 &#x22;structural' indicators for this important policy purpose. Instead,
 indicators have been designed that do not measure what they intend to
 measure, are based on incomparable data and give the impression of a
 fairly incoherent shopping list of numbers without an underlying vision on
 the use of these numbers in policy making. This paper argues that
 indicators can best be based on a coherent accounting system, such as the
 national accounts, and that the SESAME- system, which is an extension of
 national accounts and so-called Social Accounting Matrices, offers
 promising perspectives in this regard. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 185-196 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Socio-economic Policy Analysis, Statistical Indicators, Social Accounting Matrix, Sesame, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091171 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091171
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Vos 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vos 
Author-Name: Niek De Jong 
Author-X-Name-First: Niek 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Jong 
Title: Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Ecuador: A CGE Macro-Microsimulation Analysis 
Abstract:
  Cross-country analysis of the aggregate growth-poverty link is likely to
 miss important country-specific detail and possible offsetting forces in
 the underlying labour market adjustment process. This paper combines a CGE
 model analysis with a microsimulations approach to analyse the effects of
 trade liberalization on poverty and income distribution in Ecuador. The
 CGE model enables us to disentangle the general equilibrium effects of
 various trade policy scenarios on sector output, employment, factor
 incomes and household consumption. However, as is typical of CGE models,
 this analysis only provides distribution results for fairly aggregated
 groups of workers and a reduced number of representative households. The
 microsimulations approach adds the full distribution to the analysis and
 allows simulation of the effects of trade reform on the job status and
 remuneration of individual workers and thereby on household income
 distribution and poverty. The macro- microsimulation results indicate that
 the trade opening in Ecuador induced mild aggregate welfare gains, but
 rising income inequality due to rising wage differentials between skilled
 and unskilled workers implies virtually no poverty-reducing effect from
 trade liberalization. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 211-232 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Trade Liberalization, Poverty, Inequality, Cge Modelling, Social Accounting Matrix, Microsimulations, Ecuador, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091180 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091180
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alan Roe 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roe 
Title: Asymmetries between Rich and Poor Countries in Financial Crisis Responses: The Need for a Flow-of-Funds Approach 
Abstract:
  This paper focuses on the manner in which interest rates have been raised
 to, and sustained at, extremely high levels in developing and emerging
 market economies as a consequence of recent financial crises. By contrast
 rich market economies have typically lowered interest rates and injected
 liquidity in response to incipient financial crises. The paper first
 sketches the logic that lies behind extremely high interest rates (nominal
 and real) as an element of crisis resolution. It suggests that this
 reflects a money-phobic view of financial markets and also conflicts with
 some well-established economics. It then reviews the conventional wisdom
 about why richer economies have enjoyed sustained price stability in
 recent years and why this in turn has allowed their monetary authorities
 to be relaxed about injecting additional liquidity in response to LTCM
 (1998) and September 11 (2001)-type crises. It is pointed out that this
 conventional wisdom is also money-phobic in that it neglects the build up
 of corporate and government debt in bond and financial derivative form
 that has been associated with recent financial developments. This analysis
 helps to contest the common view that emerging market economies pay a
 higher price merely because their polices are &#x22;bad'. Finally, the
 paper reviews the manner in which the financial systems of developing and
 emerging market economies respond to the destabilization created by
 corrosively high real rates of interest. Even when bankruptcy arrangements
 are well established, certain new forms of financial flows and instruments
 are implicit in this response, but are invariably ignored in formal
 modelling. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 233-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Interest Rates, Flow-of-funds, Financial Crisis, Monetary Policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000091199 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000091199
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
  This article does not have an abstract 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 267-267 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111763 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111763
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:267-267




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence Klein 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein 
Title: Some Potential Linkages for Input-Output Analysis with Flow-of-Funds 
Abstract:
  Three major, interrelated accounting statements, at the frontiers of
 quantitative economic analysis, are three interrelated systems, namely:
 (1) National income and product accounts (NIPA), (2) The input-output
 tableaux, (IO), and (3) flow-of- funds accounts (FF). The third-mentioned
 system is somewhat less available and used in only limited areas of
 macroeconomic analysis. This paper is mainly concerned with use of FF
 accounting systems. This system shows where financial resources originate,
 and where they go in support of real capital formation. In this respect,
 interest rates and other market-based financial rates are of key
 importance. While much macroeconomic analysis is based on the rates that
 fit the yield curve, showing the interest rate structure over various
 maturities of debt associated with a given degree of risk. In contrast,
 the FF accounts throw light on the whole spectrum of interest rates,
 across maturities and debt qualities. For example, in analysis of the real
 estate market and funding of capital formation there, it is important to
 have a full understanding of the course of mortgage rates of different
 maturities and qualities. In short, it is necessary to develop a full
 appreciation of supply and demand forces in the mortgage market, which
 often is not obviously related to movements of the operative rate for
 monetary policy, such as very short-term inter bank rates or call money
 rates. This paper attempts to provide material from the flow-of-funds
 accounts that would make it possible to analyze the movement of relevant
 mortgage rates or whatever other rates are needed to understand the
 financing of capital formation in real estate. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 269-277 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Flow Of Funds, yield Curve, spectrum Of Interest Rates, lending, saving, capital Formation, surplus, deficit, debt, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111772 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111772
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:269-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dale Jorgenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Dale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jorgenson 
Author-Name: Mun Ho 
Author-X-Name-First: Mun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho 
Author-Name: Kevin Stiroh 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stiroh 
Title: Growth of US Industries and Investments in Information Technology and Higher Education 
Abstract:
  This paper presents new data on the sources of growth for the US economy
 over the period 1977-2000. Our principal innovation is the incorporation
 of detailed information for individual industries, including those
 involved in the production of information technology equipment and
 software. We show that economic growth is dominated by investments in
 information technology and higher education, both for individual
 industries and the economy as a whole. We also show that a jump in
 information technology investment, gains in the employment of
 college-educated workers, and the revival of productivity growth account
 for the resurgence of the US economy since 1995. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 279-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Economic Growth, Information Technology, Education, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111781 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111781
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:279-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frederic Scherer 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederic 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scherer 
Title: Technology Flows Matrix Estimation Revisited 
Abstract:
  This paper revisits the methodological problems of estimating matrices
 showing how technological advances--measured by industry research and
 development outlays--flow from industries of origin to using industries.
 An early effort relied upon the analysis of 15 112 US patents. Several
 alternative methods are explored to address methodological questions
 concerning the choice of carrier matrices, the handling of diagonal
 elements, and the treatment of capital goods flows. Technology flow
 matrices estimated using diverse combinations of assumptions are tested
 for goodness-of-fit relative to the original patent-based matrix and for
 their ability to &#x22;predict' productivity growth in Solowian regression
 equations. Although some anomalies emerge, the best results are obtained
 using combined first-order transactions and capital flows matrices with
 diagonal elements adjusted to reflect the ratio of internal process to all
 R&D spending. However, flow data compiled using the Leontief inverse
 matrix add explanatory power in productivity growth regressions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 327-358 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Productivity Growth, Technology, Research And Development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111790 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:327-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuhiko Nishimura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nishimura 
Title: Technology Transfer with Capital Constraints and Environmental Protections: Models and Applications to the Philippines 
Abstract:
  An efficient technology transfer from advanced to developing countries is
 explored by extending dynamic input-output optimization models. We include
 capital investments for the transferred technologies that affect the
 structural change and the welfare streams of consumption and the
 environmental state in the developing country. This technology transfer
 model is then linearized to solve larger problems. The linearized model
 was estimated and applied to assess the optimal technology transfer
 schedule from Japan to the Philippines. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 359-370 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Technology Transfer, Environmental Protection, Dynamic Input-output Models, Linear Programming, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111808 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111808
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:359-370




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Title: Embodying Embodiment in a Structural, Macroeconomic Input-Output Model 
Abstract:
  In this paper, I develop a regression-based system of labour productivity
 equations that account for capital-embodied technological change and I
 incorporate this system into IDLIFT, a structural, macroeconomic
 input-output model of the US economy. Builders of regression-based
 forecasting models have long had difficulty finding labour productivity
 equations that exhibit the &#x22;Solowian' property that movements in
 investment should cause accompanying movements in labour productivity. The
 production theory developed by Solow and others dictates that this
 causation is driven by the effect of traditional capital deepening as well
 as technological change embodied in capital. Lack of measurement of the
 latter has hampered the ability of researchers to estimate properly the
 productivity-investment relationship. Recent research by Wilson (2001) has
 alleviated this difficulty by estimating industry-level embodied
 technological change. In this paper, I utilize those estimates to
 construct capital stocks adjusted for technological change and then use
 these adjusted stocks to estimate Solow-type labour productivity
 equations. It is shown that replacing IDLIFT's former productivity
 equations, based on changes in output and time trends, with the new
 equations, results in a convergence between the dynamic behaviour of the
 model and that predicted by traditional (Solowian) production theory. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 371-398 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Equipment-embodied Technological Change, Productivity, Forecasting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111817 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111817
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:371-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Report on the Montreal Conference 
Abstract:
  This article does not have an abstract 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 399-414 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111826 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111826
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:399-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Annual Report of the IIOA, 2002 
Abstract:
  This article does not have an abstract 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 415-419 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000111835 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000111835
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:415-419




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rita Bhowmik 
Author-X-Name-First: Rita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhowmik 
Title: Service Intensities in the Indian Economy: 1968/9-1993/4 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses the service intensities for production of different
 industries in the Indian economy during the period 1968-69 to 1993-94 with
 an input-output approach. Two different methodologies&#x2014;(1) direct
 service intensities and (2) direct plus indirect service
 intensities&#x2014;have been used to calculate the service intensity of
 different industries using six input-output tables. It is found from the
 exercise that service intensities have increased in the Indian economy
 over 25 years. To reflect the performance and trend of service intensity
 of each industry over the study period, the mean and coefficient of
 variation of the service intensities have been calculated. The empirical
 part of this study shows that Metal products, Machineries, Trade, and
 Banking have a high mean and a low coefficient of variation. According to
 their service intensities they were the key sectors, with consistently the
 largest consumption of the output of the service sector as an input for
 their production. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 427-437 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Service sector, Indian economy, service intensity, key sector, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000152308 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000152308
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Title: The Construction of Input-Output Coefficients Matrices in an Axiomatic Context: Some Further Considerations 
Abstract:
  Kop Jansen & ten Raa (1990) established a purely theoretical solution to
 the problem of selecting a model for the construction of coefficients on
 the basis of make and use tables. In an axiomatic context, they singled
 out the so-called commodity technology model as the best one according to
 some desirable properties. The aim of this paper is to delineate the
 restrictions on the relevant data sets that ensure fulfilment of the
 desirable properties by other models used by statistical offices. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 439-455 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Make and use tables, technical coefficients, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000152317 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000152317
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vito Albino 
Author-X-Name-First: Vito 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albino 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Silvana Kuhtz 
Author-X-Name-First: Silvana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhtz 
Title: Analysing Materials and Energy Flows in an Industrial District using an Enterprise Input-Output Model 
Abstract:
  Recent approaches to sustainable development leave much room for policies
 at a local level. In fact, it is becoming evident that targets such as
 increasing resource productivity, preserving natural cycles, or extending
 the present level of welfare, are best pursued within the confines of a
 local area. In particular, environmental changes are best brought about by
 considering local systems of firms as cornerstones of cooperative
 strategies and using data on materials and energy use in physical terms.
 In this paper, an enterprise input-output model is developed for an
 industrial district, i.e. a local group of firms specialized in the
 production of a single final output. The model allows for a detailed
 quantitative analysis of materials and energy flows and the consequent
 generation of waste and pollution. As a planning tool, the model may be
 used to evaluate alternative scenarios, such as the possibility of re-
 using waste taking account of sustainability requirements. An empirical
 case study applies the model to an industrial district in Southern Italy
 producing leather sofas. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 457-480 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Industrial district, enterprise input-output model, materials, energy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000152326 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000152326
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio Sanchez-Choliz 
Author-X-Name-First: Julio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Choliz 
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte 
Title: Production Chains and Linkage Indicators 
Abstract:
  This paper uses a framework of production chains, which emerge from the
 vertical integration processes, in order to propose a general definition
 of linkage indicators. This definition is based on blocks of sectors and
 offers, among others, the following advantages. A reduction in the
 aggregation requirement, the resolution of the problems associated with
 the so-called distribution matrices, an easier analysis of the linkage
 components and, finally, the possibility to shed light on the links
 between Hypothetical Extraction Methods and sectoral analyses. Moreover,
 because of its general form, it helps to identify analogies between
 different types of indicators. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 481-494 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Production chains, Vertical integration, Interindustry linkages, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000152335 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000152335
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hermann Schnabl 
Author-X-Name-First: Hermann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnabl 
Title: The ECA-method for Identifying Sensitive Reactions within an IO Context 
Abstract:
  The paper introduces an alternative method to determine
 &#x22;sensitivity' within an input-output-context and makes the most
 sensitive connections visible in an overall graph. The method called ECA
 (Elasticity Coefficient Analysis) tries&#x2014;like the Important
 Coefficient Analysis (ICA)&#x2014;to derive structures from a certain
 property of the Leontief inverse. As the core of the method is
 elasticity&#x2014;i.e. taking the relative reaction of the element bij of
 the inverse as a measure of response to a 1% change of the input
 coefficient aij&#x2014;it describes the dynamic potential of certain
 sectors on possible changes of technical coefficients. In the second part
 of the paper, comparisons are made between the results of MFA (Minimal
 Flow Analysis), ICA and ECA upon using the same table for analysis. ICA
 and ECA to some extent show similarities but also some differences. Both
 contrast with MFA with respect to the very basis of the approach that
 enforces different interpretations of the results. Finally, some
 hypotheses on the differences and similarities are set up that could give
 a perspective for the further use of the different methods. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 495-504 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Elasticity coefficient analysis, important coefficients, minimal flow analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000152344 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000152344
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Hajime Inamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Hajime 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inamura 
Author-Name: Yuichi Moriguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moriguchi 
Title: A Simple Multi-Regional Input-Output Account for Waste Analysis 
Abstract:
  The present paper provides a simple multiregional input-output model for
 waste analysis with which to estimate intraregional and interregional
 effects of industrial wastes embodied in regional final consumptions. The
 empirical analyses using 1995 nine-regions input-output tables reveals the
 regional properties of the interregional linkage effects. The Kanto and
 Kinki regions remarkably control the industrial waste emissions and waste
 landfills within their own regions by importing waste-intensive
 intermediate goods and services from the other regions. The Chugoku and
 Shikoku regions greatly contributed to the production of the
 waste-intensive goods and services for the other regions, considering the
 waste emissions and waste landfills relative to the commodity production
 levels. We also find that the household consumption behaviour in other
 regions indirectly plays a more important role in waste emissions than the
 municipal waste disposal behaviour in the region in question at least in
 1995. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Multiregional input-output account, waste analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000164774 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000164774
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Kraines 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraines 
Author-Name: Yoshikuni Yoshida 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshikuni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoshida 
Title: Process System Modelling of Production Technology Alternatives using Input- Output Tables with Sector Specific Units 
Abstract:
  Input-output analysis is usually based on tables of accounts expressed in
 uniform monetary or physical units. However, from a process system
 modelling perspective, tables of accounts in sector specific units may be
 more useful for evaluating the effectiveness of new production
 technologies on reducing pollutant emissions. Using the sector specific
 unit conceptualization of an IO table, one can consider the effect of
 changes in direct input coefficients for a particular sector on the
 complete set of total input coefficients independently from the other
 direct input coefficients. A process system modelling based method for
 calculating the total industrial outputs from a new technology matrix
 together with the new relative prices for each sector output is presented.
 The method is then used to study the effect of technology changes in the
 steel making industry in Liaoning Province, China on prices and pollutant
 emissions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 21-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Process system modelling, price model, technology changes, Chinese steel industry, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000164783 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000164783
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Van den Cruyce 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart Van den 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruyce 
Title: Use Tables for Imported Goods and Valuation Matrices for Trade Margins&#x2014; an Integrated Approach for the Compilation of the Belgian 1995 Input-Output Tables 
Abstract:
  This paper describes the compilation of the use table for imported goods
 and the valuation matrix of trade margins for Belgium in 1995. It
 introduces the methodological novelty of integrating the compilation of
 both tables and systematically exploiting the fact that large import and
 export flows do not generate trade margins. This is notably the case for
 direct imports for intermediate consumption or investment by non-traders,
 and direct exports by producers. For identifying these trade flows,
 extensive use was made of intrastat and extrastat data. The results are
 compared with those of a proportional distribution of imports and trade
 margins. Many statistical offices resort to the latter approach because of
 a lack of survey data on the destination of trade margins and imports. We
 demonstrate that the integrated approach can improve the quality of both
 the import matrix and the valuation matrix for trade margins, while using
 only existing data sources. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 33-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Supply and use tables, imports, trade margins, Belgium, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000164792 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000164792
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junning Cai 
Author-X-Name-First: Junning 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cai 
Author-Name: Pingsun Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Pingsun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Title: Linkage Measures: a Revisit and a Suggested Alternative 
Abstract:
  This paper examines major linkage measures in the literature from
 different perspectives and attempts to clarify some of the controversies
 over them. The examination and clarification suggest more refined backward
 and forward linkage measures for linkage indices construction. The
 measures are then applied to analyse the linkages of Hawaii's agriculture
 sectors. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 63-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Backward and forward linkages, supply-driven input-output model, key sectors, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000164800 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000164800
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: GianDemetrio Marangoni 
Author-X-Name-First: GianDemetrio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marangoni 
Author-Name: Gianluca Colombo 
Author-X-Name-First: Gianluca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Colombo 
Author-Name: Giulio Fezzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Giulio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fezzi 
Title: Modelling Intra-Group Relationships 
Abstract:
  Within a group of companies, a model is given for management of the
 relationships between the parent company and its subsidiaries. This is
 particularly relevant for groups originating from mergers and takeovers,
 because firms acquired often differ substantially in organizational
 structure from each other and from the parent company. The model provides
 a means of harmonizing the organizational structures of parent company and
 subsidiaries, so as to provide a complete coverage of necessary activities
 without duplication, and a means of identifying which activities should,
 in economic terms, be centralized by the parent company, and which should
 be delegated to the subsidiary. Finally, there is an empirical application
 of the model to one of the principal Italian banking groups. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 85-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Intra-group relationships, banking groups, enterprise management, enterprise input- output, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531032000164819 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531032000164819
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Author-Name: Louis de Mesnard 
Author-X-Name-First: Louis 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Mesnard 
Title: Biproportional Techniques in Input-Output Analysis: Table Updating and Structural Analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper introduces the rest of this issue of Economic Systems
 Research, which is dedicated to the contributions of Sir Richard Stone,
 Michael Bacharach, and Philip Israilevich. It starts out with a brief
 history of biproportional techniques and related matrix balancing
 algorithms. We then discuss the RAS algorithm developed by Sir Richard
 Stone and others. We follow that by evaluating the interpretability of the
 product of the adjustment parameters, generally known as R and S. We then
 move on to discuss the various formal formulations of other biproportional
 approaches and discuss what defines an algorithm as 'biproportional'.
 After mentioning a number of competing optimization algorithms that cannot
 fall under the rubric of being biproportional, we reflect upon how some of
 their features have been included into the biproportional setting (the
 ability to fix the value of interior cells of the matrix being adjusted
 and of incorporating data reliability into the algorithm). We wind up the
 paper by pointing out some areas that could use further investigation. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 115-134 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Biproportion, Ras, Matrix Balancing, Interpretation, Algorithms, Extensions, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219259 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219259
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randall Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Randall 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Author-Name: Alan Murray 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Murray 
Title: Alternative Input-Output Matrix Updating Formulations 
Abstract:
  There has been a recent resurgence of interest in biproportional
 adjustment methods for updating and interpreting change in matrix
 representations of regional structures, most commonly input-output
 accounts. Although the biproportional method, commonly called the RAS
 technique in the input-output literature, has been shown to have a number
 of theoretically appealing properties, various alternatives do exist. In
 this paper, we develop and empirically assess a number of alternatives,
 comparing performance and examining the attributes of these adjustment
 methods. Two of these are sign-preserving updating methods for use when
 tables contain both positive and negative entries. One of these is shown
 to generate less information gain than does a generalized RAS method that
 Junius & Oosterhaven (2003) formulated to deal with matrices with both
 positive and negative values. Overall, while the RAS method continues to
 be commonly used and its choice is often rational, alternative methods can
 perform as well or better along certain dimensions and in certain
 contexts. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 135-148 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Updating, Biproportion, Ras, Distance Measures, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219268 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219268
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donald Gilchrist 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gilchrist 
Author-Name: Larry St. Louis 
Author-X-Name-First: Larry 
Author-X-Name-Last: St. Louis 
Title: An Algorithm for the Consistent Inclusion of Partial Information in the Revision of Input-Output Tables 
Abstract:
  TRAS is a natural extension of RAS that utilizes information in addition
 to row and column totals to produce updated matrices that are consistent
 with known cells and aggregates of known cells. This paper provides a
 simple restatement of the TRAS algorithm developed in Gilchrist & St.
 Louis (1999) and then tests its effectiveness by applying TRAS to the
 matrices obtained after RAS adjustments have been completed. The
 incremental gains from the TRAS adjustments were statistically
 significant. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 149-156 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Biproportion, Ras, Tras, Partial Information, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219277 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219277
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Planting 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Planting 
Author-Name: Jiemin Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiemin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Title: Increasing the Timeliness of US Annual Input-Output Accounts 
Abstract:
  The timeliness of the US input-output (I-O) accounts is a major concern
 for policymakers and industry analysts, as well as academics. In response,
 the Bureau of Economic Analysis initiated research in 2001 to identify,
 develop and implement an estimating method for producing more timely and
 reliable annual I-O accounts than are currently available. The research
 included reviewing the frameworks and methods currently used by other
 statistical agencies and academic researchers, obtaining more timely
 industry source data, and developing enhanced methods and processes for
 the automated updating and balancing of annual I-O tables. The results of
 this research indicate that our new automated updating and balancing
 method can reduce the time lag for producing the annual I-O accounts from
 three years to one year without reducing quality. Our method is based on
 an adjusted RAS process that simultaneously balances the I-O table in
 producers' and purchasers' prices; uses more exogenous data; and processes
 tables at the most detailed level. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 157-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Updating, System Of National Accounts, Biproportion, Balancing Algorithm, Ras, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219286 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219286
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esben Dalgaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Esben 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalgaard 
Author-Name: Christian Gysting 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gysting 
Title: An Algorithm for Balancing Commodity-flow Systems 
Abstract:
  In many cases there is a need to balance commodity-flow system data
 quickly and with limited resources. In order to compile new supply and use
 tables and investment matrices consistent with revised national accounts
 data, it can be necessary to apply some sort of automatic balancing
 technique. The paper proposes an algorithm that, contrary to RAS, can
 balance a commodity-flow system with unequal net row and column sums. The
 algorithm is applied to a recent revision of Danish capital stock
 estimates. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 169-190 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Updating, System Of National Accounts, Biproportion, Balancing Algorithm, Data Reliability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219295 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:169-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena 
Author-Name: Gerold Zakarias 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zakarias 
Title: Input Coefficient Change Using Biproportional Econometric Adjustment Functions 
Abstract:
  This paper deals with the issue of updating input-output (I-O)
 coefficients within a large-scale disaggregated econometric macro-model of
 the Austrian economy. Capturing the changes in input coefficients over
 time is an important issue in I-O modelling due to a lack of recent
 benchmark I-O tables in most countries. Different approaches for updating
 these coefficients can be found in the literature, such as adjusting input
 coefficients 'along the row' and variable input coefficients 'along the
 column' stemming from factor input equations derived from production or
 cost functions. This paper combines these two approaches, yielding a
 biproportional method. For the adjustment, 'along the column' econometric
 factor input functions are used to derive a sum of non-energy intermediate
 inputs. For the adjustment 'along the row' the starting point is a set of
 adjustment functions described in the literature: special emphasis is
 placed on econometric specification and 'cointegration accounting'. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 191-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Updating, Biproportion, Cointegration Accounting, Econometrics, Cost Functions, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219303 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219303
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:191-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louis de Mesnard 
Author-X-Name-First: Louis 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Mesnard 
Title: Biproportional Methods of Structural Change Analysis: A Typological Survey 
Abstract:
  Analysts often are interested in learning how much an exchange system has
 changed over time or how two different exchange systems differ.
 Identifying structural difference in exchange matrices can be performed
 using either 'directed' or 'undirected' methods. Directed methods are
 based on the computation and comparison of column- or row-normalizations
 of the matrices. The choice of row or column for the normalization implies
 a specific direction of the exchanges, so that the column-wise normalized
 results should not be compared to the row-wise normalized results. In this
 category fall the simple comparison of coefficient matrices and the
 causative method. Undirected methods do not impose such underlying
 constraints on exchanges. Hence, I present a set of undirected methods
 that can be used to compare structural matrices: the biproportional
 ordinary filter, the biproportional mean filter and the bi-Markovian
 filter. While doing so, I recall why the bicausative method must be
 dismissed. I then classify the methods according to their orientation and
 data needs, and illustrate how the results can differ from one method to
 the next using French tables for 1980 and 1997. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 205-230 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Biproportion, Ras, Causative Matrices, Structural Change, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000219312 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000219312
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:205-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Euijune Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Euijune 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Chowoon Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Chowoon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: An Application of an Integrated Transport Network- Multiregional CGE Model: a Framework for the Economic Analysis of Highway Projects 
Abstract:
  This paper develops a framework for the economic analysis of highway
 projects that is then used to estimate the dynamic economic effects of a
 highway project on the economic growth and the regional disparity in
 Korea. The framework is composed of a transport model and a multiregional
 Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The transport model measures a
 change in interregional shortest distances and the accessibility due to
 the highway project. The CGE model estimates the spatial economic effects
 of the project on GDP, the price, exports, and the regional distribution
 of wages and population. The simulation allows policy makers to determine
 which highway development deserves the priority for investment, based on
 consideration of economic growth and regional economic equity in the long
 run. The simulation found that all the highway projects have positive
 effects on GDP and export growth as well as regional equity in terms of
 wage and population. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 235-258 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: CGE model, income distribution, regional inequality, regional investment policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000239356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000239356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergio Rey 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rey 
Author-Name: Guy West 
Author-X-Name-First: Guy 
Author-X-Name-Last: West 
Author-Name: Mark Janikas 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janikas 
Title: Uncertainty in Integrated Regional Models 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the nature of uncertainty in integrated
 econometric+input-output (ECIO) regional models. We focus on three sources
 of uncertainty: (a) econometric model parameter uncertainty; (b)
 econometric disturbance term uncertainty; and (c) input-output coefficient
 uncertainty. Through a series of Monte Carlo simulations we analyse the
 relative importance of each component as well as the question of how their
 interaction may propagate through the integrated model to affect the
 distributions of the endogenous variables. Our results suggest that there
 is no simple answer to the question of which source of uncertainty is most
 important in an integrated model. Instead, that answer is conditioned upon
 the focus of the analysis and whether the industry specific or macro level
 variables are of central concerns. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 259-277 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Input-output, econometric, integrated model, uncertainty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000239365 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000239365
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Hajime Inamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Hajime 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inamura 
Title: A Spatial Structural Decomposition Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Energy Demand: 1985-1990 
Abstract:
  This paper proposes a spatial structural decomposition analysis to
 measure the effects of the changes in intra- and inter-country linkages on
 the embodied energy demand in the concerned country. For the empirical
 analysis, we have used the China- Japan inter-country input-output tables
 for 1985 and 1990, expressed in constant prices of 1990. The empirical
 results reveal that (1) at least for the period between 1985 and 1990, the
 effects of the non-competitive input structural changes in China on the
 primary energy requirements of Japan were negligible, and (2) the
 contribution of the Japanese final demand shifts on the total change in
 Chinese primary energy demand was 40 times larger than that of the Chinese
 final demand shifts on the primary energy requirements of Japan. The
 Japanese policy makers should concentrate on the energy impacts of the
 changes in the domestic production structure rather than the changes in
 the Chinese production structure. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 279-299 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Spatial structural decomposition analysis, embodied energy demand, China, Japan, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000239374 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000239374
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Giljum 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giljum 
Author-Name: Klaus Hubacek 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hubacek 
Title: Alternative Approaches of Physical Input-Output Analysis to Estimate Primary Material Inputs of Production and Consumption Activities 
Abstract:
  In the last few years, a number of studies have been presented that link
 material flow accounting and input-output analysis (based on monetary
 input-output tables) for the calculation of direct and indirect resource
 inputs for production and consumption activities. The compilation of the
 first physical input-output tables for some European countries in the
 1990s opened new possibilities for linking physical accounting and input-
 output analysis. Physical input-output analysis has so far only been
 applied for selected materials, but it has not been used for comprehensive
 assessments of material requirements of economic activities. In this
 paper, possibilities and limits of this new input-output approach are
 clarified. We present and discuss a procedure similar to monetary input-
 output analysis and develop an alternative approach to account for primary
 inputs and waste otherwise not included in the analysis. Based on
 aggregated input-output tables for Germany, we present numerical examples
 intended to compare the alternative approaches of physical input-output
 analysis. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 301-310 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Material flow accounting (MFA), physical input-output analysis, physical input-output tables, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000239383 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000239383
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergio Parrinello 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Parrinello 
Title: The Notion of Effectual Supply and the Theory of Normal Prices with Exhaustible Natural Resources 
Abstract:
  This paper proposes a revised theory of the classical notion of normal
 prices for an economy with exhaustible natural resources. The author
 introduces the notion of effectual supply and argues that Sraffa's
 equations, without the Hotelling rule equation, can be reformulated to
 deal with the existence of an exhaustible natural resource. Such a
 revision of a well-established theory requires a reinterpretation and
 methodological clarification of Sraffa's equations, but without a change
 in their mathematical form. The revised theory must focus on the effectual
 supply of the resource and it can ignore its total endowment. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 311-322 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Exhaustible resources, Hotelling rule, normal prices, Sraffian analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000239392 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000239392
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey Reimer 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reimer 
Author-Name: Thomas Hertel 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertel 
Title: Estimation of International Demand Behaviour for Use with Input-Output Based Data 
Abstract:
  The making of projections often requires an economy-wide perspective, and
 the estimation of consumer demands at the international level. In this
 paper, an implicit, directly additive demand system (AIDADS) is estimated
 using cross- country data on consumer expenditures from two different
 sources: the International Comparison Programme (ICP), and the Global
 Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). The two data sets are found to produce
 results that are quite consistent despite their differing origins, and the
 fact that the former is based on consumer goods that embody
 wholesale/retail margins, while margin demands are treated separately in
 GTAP. Given the similarity of the results, the estimation based on GTAP
 data is favoured for economy-wide projection purposes because it can be
 readily matched to input-output based production and trade data. An
 additional benefit of the GTAP-based estimates is that they provide direct
 evidence concerning how aggregate margin expenditures vary with per capita
 income. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 347-366 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Demand system estimation, input- output data, wholesale retail margins, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000304245 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000304245
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco Missaglia 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Missaglia 
Author-Name: Paul de Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Boer 
Title: Food-For-Work versus Cash-For-Work: Emergency Assistance in Palestine 
Abstract:
  In this paper we analyse the provision of emergency assistance (food
 assistance, cash transfers, employment programmes, etc) to a country whose
 economy has been decimated since the start of the second intifada. We try
 to simulate the different potential effects brought about by these
 different policies and, in particular, to draw some policy implications
 concerning the Food-for-Work versus Cash-for-Work debate. To that end we
 have constructed a general equilibrium model of the Palestinian economy
 that we calibrate on the (pre-intifada) Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of
 1998. We give a so-called 'intifada-shock' to construct a counterfactual
 'post-intifada' SAM which serves as basis for our policy simulations. We
 show that monetary aid from abroad is to be preferred to food aid from
 abroad. We argue that a labour-oriented approach (subsidizing the most
 labour-intensive sectors) is to be preferred to a welfare-oriented
 approach where the subsidized sectors produce those goods that dominate
 the consumption basket. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 367-390 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Food-for-work, cash-for-work, computable general equilibrium model, Palestine, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000304254 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000304254
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Lise-Lotte Pade 
Author-X-Name-First: Lise-Lotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pade 
Author-Name: Jesper Munksgaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munksgaard 
Title: CO2 Multipliers in Multi-region Input-Output Models 
Abstract:
  In order to achieve equitable reduction targets, international trade has
 to be taken into account when assessing nations' responsibility for
 abating climate change. Especially for open economies such as Denmark,
 greenhouse gases embodied in internationally traded commodities can have a
 considerable influence on the national 'greenhouse gas responsibility'. We
 set up a five-region input-output model including Denmark, Germany, Sweden
 and Norway in order to calculate CO2 multipliers and trade balances. We
 investigate multidirectional feedback between these countries, and hence
 the error inherent in a single-region input-output model. We also examine
 the effect of aggregation on the model results. In the case of Denmark, an
 11 Mt CO2 trade surplus resulting from a single-region model turns into
 balance when multidirectional trade is considered. Moreover, aggregated
 models are likely to result in significant errors. Therefore, both the
 type and the degree of aggregation used for modelling CO2 responsibilities
 could have a major bearing in international negotiations. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 391-412 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Multi-region input-output model, CO2 responsibility, feedback, aggregation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000304272 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000304272
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krishna Murty 
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Murty 
Title: Government Production Technologies in Canada: 1961 to 2000 
Abstract:
  This study explores the long-term trends of government production
 technologies in Canada for the past four decades, i.e. from 1961 to 2000,
 using the annual Canadian input-output data. According to the industry
 technology concept of input-output analysis, each industry chooses its
 human and material resource requirements and uses them as inputs in its
 production processes. The shares of inputs to the total spending depict
 the technologies employed by the corresponding industries. As such, the
 long-term shifts in the input shares reveal the trends of industry
 production technologies for a given period. This study draws on this
 concept to explore the long-term trends of government production
 technologies. It also discusses the underlying reasons for the observed
 trends. Among other things, the study shows that the government production
 technologies in Canada were influenced not only by the changing functional
 patterns, but also by the changing input patterns of government
 expenditure. In addition, the combined shares of employee compensation and
 capital consumption, both own-account resources, steadily declined. On the
 other hand, the combined shares of purchased services and other inputs,
 which are resources acquired from outside sources, gradually rose during
 the past four decades. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 413-433 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Government services, production analysis, Canada, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000304281 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000304281
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Brody 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody 
Title: Pace, Pattern and Phase: A Morphology of Cycles 
Abstract:
  A closed dynamic Leontief model is implemented for the Business,
 Government and Household sectors of the Hungarian and the US economies at
 the end of the past century. It is built on rough estimates of its flow
 and stock coefficients. The growth rate and the length and pattern of the
 four most familiar cycles are reasonably well approximated by the model
 and are similar for the two countries in spite of the large discrepancy in
 the proportions of the equilibrium quantity vectors. The mathematics of
 cycles (for discrete or continuous time) is also discussed. Fluctuations
 are shown to be the elementary, basic and unavoidable consequence of all
 productive activities. They will emerge even in the absence of any price
 mechanism. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 435-450 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Equilibrium, cycle, national accounts, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531042000304290 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0953531042000304290
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel Angel Tarancon 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Angel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarancon 
Author-Name: Pablo Del Rio 
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Del 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rio 
Title: Projection of input-output tables by means of mathematical programming based on the hypothesis of stable structural evolution 
Abstract:
  The high costs involved in the construction of input-output tables (IOTs)
 using survey methods, makes the development of mathematical projection
 techniques attractive. An adjustment and projection method of IOTs, based
 on mathematical programming techniques, is proposed here. The flexibility
 and ability to include information on elements and aggregates is one of
 this method's main advantages over alternative adjustment methods. Among
 the information included in the adjustment, the most relevant is related
 to the evolution hypothesis of the production structure under stable
 conditions. This leads to the inclusion of intervals for coefficients. A
 set of adjusted tables, consistent with their own internal structure, is
 obtained after an interactive and iterative process that reconciles all
 information sources. A projection of IOTs in Spain for the period
 1995-1998 is undertaken to examine the accuracy of the method. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Input-output projection, mathematical programming, structural evolution, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500034119 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500034119
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jurgen Essletzbichler 
Author-X-Name-First: Jurgen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Essletzbichler 
Author-Name: David Rigby 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rigby 
Title: Technological evolution as creative destruction of process heterogeneity: evidence from US plant-level data 
Abstract:
  Change in evolutionary economics is predicated on the creative
 destruction of variety. Despite the importance of the concept of variety,
 or heterogeneity, in evolutionary economic theory, empirical work that
 examines the character of variety - its extent and its persistence - is
 still scarce. Drawing on unpublished, micro-level data from the US Bureau
 of the Census, this paper examines the characteristics of process
 heterogeneity in selected US manufacturing industries. More specifically
 the paper has three goals. First, to demonstrate that heterogeneity in
 plant technologies exists and that it persists over time even within
 relatively mature industrial sectors. Second, to examine the veracity of
 the processes that generate and destroy heterogeneity in production
 technology within narrowly defined industries. Third, to link the
 heterogeneity of plant-level techniques of production to the pace and
 direction of technological change at the level of the industry. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 25-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Evolutionary economics, heterogeneity, technological change, LRD, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500034168 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500034168
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena 
Title: Prices and factor demand in an endogenized input-output model 
Abstract:
  This paper combines factor demand functions (for intermediate input and
 labour) and price equations (derived from a Generalized Leontief cost
 function) with the traditional input-output price model. The cost
 functions determine factor demands for materials and labour as well as
 output prices at given input prices. At the second level of aggregation,
 the intermediate demand as a single input is split proportional to the
 elements in the column of the technical coefficients matrix. The emphasis
 in this endogenization of technical coefficients is on two features.
 First, the repercussion of output on input prices, and, second, the link
 between the econometric model for the supply side and the input-output
 demand model. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 47-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Input-output price model, Generalized Leontief cost functions, endogenous technical coefficients, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500034200 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500034200
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matteo Manera 
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manera 
Author-Name: Bruno Sitzia 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sitzia 
Title: Empirical factor demands and flexible functional forms: a bayesian approach 
Abstract:
  In this paper we compare classical econometrics, calibration and Bayesian
 inference in the context of the empirical analysis of factor demands. Our
 application is based on a popular flexible functional form for the firm's
 cost function, namely Diewert's Generalized Leontief function, and uses
 the well-known Berndt and Wood 1947-1971 KLEM data on the US manufacturing
 sector. We illustrate how the Gibbs sampling methodology can be easily
 used to calibrate parameter values and elasticities on the basis of
 previous knowledge from alternative studies on the same data, but with
 different functional forms. We rely on a system of mixed non-informative
 diffuse priors for some key parameters and informative tight priors for
 others. Within the Gibbs sampler, we employ rejection sampling to
 incorporate parameter restrictions, which are suggested by economic theory
 but in general rejected by economic data. Our results show that values of
 those parameters that relate to non-informative priors are almost equal to
 the standard SUR estimates, whereas differences come out for those
 parameters to which we have assigned informative priors. Moreover,
 discrepancies can be appreciated in some crucial parameter estimates
 obtained with or without rejection sampling. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 57-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Factor demands, flexible functional forms, calibration, Bayesian inference, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500034333 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500034333
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reiner Wolff 
Author-X-Name-First: Reiner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff 
Title: A global robustness measure for input-output projections from ESA and SNA tables 
Abstract:
  Input-output (interindustry) data are in wide use in empirical research
 and constitute an integral part of the European System of Accounts (ESA)
 and of the System of National Accounts (SNA). In a strict sense, however,
 these data are merely estimates of the true economic relationships.
 Therefore, we suggest a measure of robustness of input-output projections
 with respect to errors or changes in the underlying Leontief matrix. Our
 measure is based on the mathematical theory of norms and characterizes a
 complete Leontief matrix. Thereby, no assumptions are required on the
 distribution of the matrix elements. We discuss alternative
 numerical-computing algorithms and provide useful bounds and approximation
 formulas. The paper concludes with a large set of empirical sample
 applications. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 77-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Condition problem, Leontief matrix, input-output projections, robustness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500034341 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500034341
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Ferguson 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson 
Author-Name: Peter Mcgregor 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcgregor 
Author-Name: J. Kim Swales 
Author-X-Name-First: J. Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swales 
Author-Name: Karen Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Author-Name: Ya Ping Yin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ya Ping 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin 
Title: Incorporating sustainability indicators into a computable general equilibrium model of the scottish economy 
Abstract:
  In recent years, the notion of sustainable development has begun to
 figure prominently in the regional, as well as the national, policy
 concerns of many industrialized countries. Indicators have typically been
 used to monitor changes in economic, environmental and social variables to
 show whether economic development is on a sustainable path. In this paper
 we endogenize individual and composite environmental indicators within an
 appropriately specified computable general equilibrium modelling framework
 for Scotland. In principle, at least, this represents a very powerful
 modelling tool that can inform the policy making process by identifying
 the impact of any exogenous policy change on the key endogenous
 environmental and economic indicators. It can also identify the effects of
 any binding environmental targets on economic activity. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 103-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Computable general equilibrium modelling, environmental indicators, sustainability policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500114838 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500114838
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: A world trade model based on comparative advantage with m regions, n goods, and k factors 
Abstract:
  This paper describes the World Trade Model, a linear program that
 determines world prices, scarcity rents, and international trade flows
 based on comparative advantage in a world economy with m regions, n goods,
 and k factors. The new model generalizes the World Model of Leontief et
 al. (1977) in ways that make it particularly useful for analyzing
 scenarios about sustainable development. Major properties of the model are
 demonstrated, and sources of the gains from trade are identified for the
 world as a whole and for individual regions. Illustrative results are
 reported for a 10-region, 8-good, 3-factor model of the world economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 141-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: International trade, world model, comparative advantage, linear programming, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500114903 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500114903
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akira Okamoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Akira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okamoto 
Title: Simulating fundamental tax reforms in an aging Japan 
Abstract:
  This paper studies in a quantitative way the macroeconomic and welfare
 effects of introducing progressive expenditure taxation, in a situation of
 the aging of the Japanese population. It undertakes a simulation analysis
 taking account of the general equilibrium effects of intragenerational
 inequality, which increases with a transition to an aging society. The
 simulation results suggest that progressive expenditure taxation has
 advantages over progressive labor income taxation on the grounds of
 efficiency and equity. Thus, a shift to progressive expenditure taxation
 can overcome the large welfare loss that would occur under the current tax
 system as Japan ages. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 163-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Aging population, tax reform, life-cycle general equilibrium model, simulation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500114911 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500114911
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bjarne Madsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bjarne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madsen 
Author-Name: Chris Jensen-butler 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen-butler 
Title: Spatial accounting methods and the construction of spatial social accounting matrices 
Abstract:
  The paper examines modifications to Regional Accounts used to construct
 regional and interregional Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs). It is argued
 that as the size of the basic areal unit used in studies declines, more
 traditional accounting approaches are no longer satisfactory. A
 three-dimensional spatial approach (termed two-by-two-by-two) to the
 identification of fundamental dimensions (commodity and factor market;
 geographical; and social accounts) has been developed in contrast to the
 more traditional non-spatial approach (termed two-by-two). This involves a
 novel approach using the geographical concepts of place of production for
 production activities, place of residence for institutions, marketplace
 for commodities and marketplace for factors. The use of these concepts
 permits accounting balances to be calculated at the spatial level. The
 theoretical basis of the spatial regional accounting model is presented
 and an example of the construction of a Danish Interregional SAM (SAM-K)
 is examined. Particular attention is given to data requirements, showing
 that these are much more modest than generally assumed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 187-210 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Interregional SAM, spatial accounting, data requirements, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500114994 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500114994
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:187-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Ju-e Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Ju-e 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: Extending the input-output model with assets 
Abstract:
  In this paper, the input-output model is extended with assets. It allows
 us to examine the various assets that are held and used in production. The
 requirements of assets that must be held by each sector can thus be
 specified. Extending the input-output model with assets provides a better
 alternative to the capital stock matrix in the standard Systems of
 National Accounts. The input-output model is extended by taking the
 depreciation of fixed assets into full account. This extension allows for
 the calculation of total holding coefficients that express the amount of
 assets that are required to be held in each sector in order to satisfy a
 unit of final demand. In addition, a dynamic version of the extended model
 is presented. The extended input-output model has been widely applied in
 China for various purposes. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 211-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Assets, extended input-output models, total labor consumption coefficients, total holding coefficients, dynamic input-output model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500115074 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500115074
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:211-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malcolm Beynon 
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beynon 
Author-Name: Max Munday 
Author-X-Name-First: Max 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munday 
Author-Name: Annette Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Annette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Title: Ranking sectors using fuzzy output multipliers 
Abstract:
  Using input-output analysis to model the effects of changes in industry
 final demands is fraught with problems, many of which relate to the
 fundamental limitations of the concomitant linear framework. A further
 issue concerns the accuracy of the results, a consequence of the
 uncertainty surrounding the values of multipliers. Such uncertainty can
 create problems where the values of output multipliers are used to inform
 resource directions. This paper utilizes (and develops) a fuzzy
 input-output model and investigates the ranking of industries based on
 fuzzy output multipliers. The non-triviality of the fuzzy model is
 exposited in a general problem, where imprecision is defined by a
 proportional level of imprecision (fuzziness) in the technical
 coefficients. Through a nascent method for ranking fuzzy numbers,
 comparisons are made between the fuzzy and more traditional (non-fuzzy)
 analysis. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 237-253 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Fuzzy set theory, fuzzy output multipliers, input-output, key sector analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221716 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:237-253




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ezequiel Uriel 
Author-X-Name-First: Ezequiel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uriel 
Author-Name: Javier Ferri 
Author-X-Name-First: Javier 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferri 
Author-Name: Maria Luisa Molto 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Luisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molto 
Title: Estimation of an Extended SAM with household production for Spain 1995 
Abstract:
  This paper implements the conceptual framework sketched by Pyatt (1990)
 to construct an extended Social Accounting Matrix for Spain in 1995
 (ESAM-95) to consider, in addition to the market economy, the production
 of services provided by households through unpaid work. In doing so, the
 ESAM-95 integrates the accounts related to market activities (ESA
 accounts) with non-market activities (non-ESA accounts) in a consistent
 way. Additional classifications are introduced in both ESA and non-ESA
 accounts in order to disaggregate the institutional accounts by household
 type and those of production factors by educational level and gender. The
 extended SAM is useful to calibrate CGE models in which the distribution
 of time between paid and unpaid work is a relevant variable. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 255-278 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Social accounting matrix, use of time, household production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221773 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221773
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:255-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wulong Gu 
Author-X-Name-First: Wulong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu 
Author-Name: Lori Whewell Rennison 
Author-X-Name-First: Lori Whewell 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rennison 
Title: The effect of trade on productivity growth and the demand for skilled workers in Canada 
Abstract:
  We use an input-output model to examine the effect of trade integration
 on productivity growth and the demand for skilled workers in Canada for
 the period 1981-1997. We find that trade integration has a positive effect
 on both labour productivity and total factor productivity. Labour
 productivity and total factor productivity grew faster in export and
 import industries than in the total business sector over this period, and
 this productivity growth gap has widened over time. Canada is found to
 have a comparative advantage in capital- and natural-resource-intensive
 industries, although it has declined over time. We find that trade
 integration has little effect on the demand for skilled and unskilled
 workers in Canada. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 279-296 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Trade, productivity, skills, comparative advantage, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221815 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221815
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:279-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Michael Sonis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonis 
Title: Integrating decomposition approaches for the analysis of temporal changes in economic structure: an application to Chicago's economy from 1980 to 2000 
Abstract:
  This paper presents an attempt to integrate two flow decomposition
 methods to analyse temporal changes in a region's economic structure. The
 two methods of structural analysis are push-pull decomposition analysis
 and structural Q-analysis. Push-pull analysis presents a
 quasi-optimization decomposition of a set of matrices with actual
 intersectoral economic flows into a weighted set of matrices, while
 structural Q-analysis provides a form in which the structure of these
 decomposed flows can be considered. The paper provides an expository
 application to Chicago's economic structure over the period of 1980 to
 2000, to reveal a complementary perspective of hollowing-out the
 production process in the Chicago economy that was identified in previous
 studies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 297-315 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Push-pull analysis, structural Q-analysis, hollowing-out process, Chicago economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221849
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:297-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imre Dobos 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dobos 
Author-Name: Adel Floriska 
Author-X-Name-First: Adel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floriska 
Title: A Dynamic Leontief Model with Non-renewable Resources 
Abstract:
  In this paper we study a generalization of the dynamic Leontief
 input-output model. We extend the standard dynamic Leontief model with the
 balance equation of non-renewable resources. Obviously, the non-renewable
 stocks will decrease, exploiting primary resources. In this study we
 examine the controllability of this extended model by taking the
 consumption as the control parameter. Assuming balanced growth for both
 consumption and production, we investigate how long these scarce resources
 will cover the input needs of production and how the lifetime of the
 system depends on the balanced growth rate and on the consumption. In
 doing so, we apply classic results from control theory and on eigenvalue
 problems in linear algebra. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 317-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Dynamical systems, eigenvalue problem, control theory, environmental management, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221856 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221856
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:317-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Title: GRAS versus minimizing absolute and squared differences: a comment 
Abstract:
  Junius and Oosterhaven (2003) developed the GRAS algorithm that minimizes
 the information gain when updating input-output tables with both positive
 and negative signs. Jackson and Murray (2004), however, claim that
 minimizing squared differences in coefficients produces a smaller
 information gain, which is theoretically impossible. In this comment,
 calculation errors are sorted out from differences in measures, and it is
 shown that the information gain needs to be taken in absolute terms when
 increasing and decreasing cell values occur together. The numerical
 results show that GRAS outperforms both sign-preserving alternatives in
 all but one comparison of lesser economic importance. Moreover, as opposed
 to the result of Jackson and Murray, they show that minimizing absolute
 differences consistently outperforms minimizing squared differences, which
 overweighs large errors in small coefficients. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 327-331 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: RAS, biproportional updating, input-output, information gain, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500221864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500221864
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:327-331




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Title: Industrial ecology and input-output economics: an introduction 
Abstract:
  Industrial ecology aims at closing material cycles within industrial
 systems by developing symbiotic functions among system components. How
 industrial systems are structured and how they transform, use and discard
 natural resources is, therefore, the key focus of industrial ecology. As
 an introduction to this issue of Economic Systems Research, which is
 themed around industrial ecology, the current paper aims to provide a
 background on industrial ecology, highlighting the role of and
 contributions from input-output economics. A brief history of industrial
 ecology and input-output economics is presented, focusing on a number of
 specific areas where the two disciplines overlap. The role of input-output
 economics in industrial ecology is discussed in terms of how input-output
 economics has been, and is being, utilized in industrial ecology. Finally
 the papers that are presented in this issue are briefly introduced. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 349-364 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Input-output economics, inter-industry analysis, industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, history, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500283476 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500283476
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:349-364




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blanca Gallego 
Author-X-Name-First: Blanca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallego 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: A consistent input-output formulation of shared producer and consumer responsibility 
Abstract:
  Growing interest in environmental and socio-economic accounting at the
 sub-regional and organisational level requires a consistent and
 comprehensive method for computing and reporting responsibility for
 impacts of industrial production such as water use, pollution, or
 employment. This work presents a formulation for allocating responsibility
 for production impacts consistently amongst all agents such as consumers,
 producers, workers, and investors throughout demand and supply chains, in
 a way that reflects their contribution to the production process.
 Generalised input-output theory is used to re-trace the flow of past
 inter-industrial transactions, and examine ex-post how, for example,
 inputs of resources or outputs of pollution were associated with these
 transactions. Introducing the concept of a responsibility share we enable
 the division of responsibility into mutually exclusive and collectively
 exhaustive portions that are assigned to the different economic sectors,
 and that become consistently smaller as we move away from the location of
 the impact within the supply or demand chain system. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 365-391 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Extended responsibility, producer, consumer, supply chain, environmental impact, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500283492 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500283492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:365-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasushi Kondo 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo 
Author-Name: Shinichiro Nakamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Shinichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamura 
Title: Waste input-output linear programming model with its application to eco-efficiency analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper is concerned with a decision analytic extension of the waste
 input-output model, based on the method of linear programming. The
 resulting model, which is named the waste input-output linear programming
 model, allows one to automatically obtain an 'optimal' waste management
 and recycling strategy from among a given set of alternative feasible
 strategies. The model can thus explore the extent to which a given measure
 of eco-efficiency can be maximized by an appropriate combination of
 existing (technological and resource) potentials. An application to
 Japanese data is also presented. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 393-408 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Waste input-output analysis, linear programming, life-cycle assessment, eco-efficiency, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500283526 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500283526
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:393-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Title: Inter-industry analysis, consumption structure, and the household waste production structure 
Abstract:
  The standard waste input-output models for single region and
 multi-regions do not endogenously treat the dependent relationship between
 income distribution (household consumption) and household waste
 generation. As in Miyazawa and Masegi (1963), I introduce the propagation
 process of income distribution and household waste generation into the
 extended input-output analysis and reveal the hidden money flow resulting
 from the industrial and household waste disposal behaviour. From the
 empirical analysis, I find the endogenous income propagation effect
 resulting from the household waste treatments induced by unit household
 consumption (one million yen) was remarkably small, as compared to that
 for ordinary commodity productions. I also find that the contribution of
 industrial and household waste treatment and recycling activities to the
 1995 Japanese economy was about one trillion yen (0.1% of the gross
 domestic output), considering the endogenous income propagation effects
 induced by the consumption behaviour of labours engaging in the waste
 treatments. Interestingly, the empirical results reveal that the
 contribution of one ton of the industrial waste to the Japanese economy
 was 5,730 yen, while one ton of the household waste brought about 8,266
 yen of total economic impact. This indicates that the household waste
 disposal activity was more beneficial than the industrial waste disposal
 activity, considering the endogenous income propagation effects. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 409-423 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Social accounting multipliers, municipal solid waste, industrial waste, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500283559 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500283559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:409-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mette Wier 
Author-X-Name-First: Mette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wier 
Author-Name: Line Block Christoffersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Line Block 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christoffersen 
Author-Name: Trine Jensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Trine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen 
Author-Name: Ole Pedersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ole 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen 
Author-Name: Hans Keiding 
Author-X-Name-First: Hans 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keiding 
Author-Name: Jesper Munksgaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munksgaard 
Title: Evaluating sustainability of household consumption&#x2014;Using DEA to assess environmental performance 
Abstract:
  We assess environmental performance across product types and across
 household types in order to evaluate environmental pressure from human
 activities. To so do, we combine family budget statistics, input-output
 tables, energy and material flow matrices, various types of emissions and
 environmental effects indices for various effect types (e.g. a global
 warming potential index, an ozone depletion potential index, etc).
 Subsequently, using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), we use these weighted
 environmental effects indices to form one environ-mental performance score
 for each family type and product type. We find that the environmental
 performance of each family type changes considerably across environmental
 effect types. The analysis of the overall environmental performance scores
 shows that families living in urban flats, especially the young and
 elderly families, have the most environmentally friendly consum-ption
 pattern. Middle income families living in houses have the least
 environmentally friendly consumer basket, and these families constitute a
 high share of all families in Denmark. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 425-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Environmental performance, product ranking, sustainable household consumption, DEA analysis, integrated modelling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500284276 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500284276
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:425-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Title: Developing a sectoral environmental database for input-output analysis: the comprehensive environmental data archive of the US 
Abstract:
  This paper elucidates the data sources and data preparation procedures
 used in developing the sectoral environmental data of the US. The database
 described in this paper interlinks (1) Input-Output Table (IOT), (2)
 environmental emission and resources use statistics, and (3)
 characterization factors from Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) that
 quantify environmental impacts. Each of these three modules was designed
 to describe (1) the economic process that generates environmental
 interventions, (2) the quantity of the environmental intervention
 generated and (3) the process through which these environmental
 interventions realize environmental impacts, respectively. The resulting
 database encompasses 1344 different types of environmental interventions
 generated by 480 commodities of the US input-output table, linked to 86
 commonly used LCIA models. This paper aims to share the experiences of and
 to elucidate the procedures and the data sources used for developing the
 sectoral environmental database in the US. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 449-469 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Sectoral environmental data, input-output analysis, life cycle impact assessment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500284326 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500284326
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:449-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henryk Gurgul 
Author-X-Name-First: Henryk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgul 
Author-Name: Pawe&#x142; Majdosz 
Author-X-Name-First: Pawe&#x142; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majdosz 
Title: Interfund linkage analysis: the case of the polish pension fund sector 
Abstract:
  Although fund activities whose target is to attract the members of rivals
 would seem to be very important for a proper evaluation of pension fund
 achievements, this topic has not been looked at by researchers. This paper
 presents an approach to assess the interfund effects of savings transfers
 based upon Polish tables of transfers published by the KNUiFE over the
 period from the fourth quarter of 2001 to the first quarter of 2004. Some
 useful indicators are suggested. By means of these indicators a taxonomy
 of pension funds operating in Poland was carried out. We also find which
 transfers of savings are the most important, i.e. which changes in the
 relative level of such transfers cause the largest perturbations in the
 whole pension fund sector. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-27 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Pension funds, savings' transfers, sensitivity matrix, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500440829 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500440829
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:1-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andres Blancas 
Author-X-Name-First: Andres 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blancas 
Title: Interinstitutional linkage analysis: a social accounting matrix multiplier approach for the Mexican economy 
Abstract:
  By analogy to inter-industry analysis, this paper addresses the
 Inter-institutional linkage analysis through an accounting multiplier
 approach and a social accounting matrix framework that has a flow of
 funds. Such an analysis provides a useful tool to identify and quantify
 structural features of an economy in terms of productive and financial
 backward and forward linkage indices, which are estimated from the
 accounting multipliers. As an empirical application of this analysis, we
 identify and measure the accounting multipliers and the respective linkage
 indices for the Mexican economy. The results may help to improve the
 quality of policy decisions by detecting key linkage and partial linkage
 accounts (production sectors or institutions) and by providing a better
 understanding of how an impact of an initial exogenous injection runs
 within a complex economic structure. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 29-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Inter-institutional linkage analysis, social accounting matrix, accounting multipliers, Mexican economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500440548 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500440548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:29-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rutger Hoekstra 
Author-X-Name-First: Rutger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra 
Author-Name: Marco Janssen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janssen 
Title: Environmental responsibility and policy in a two-country dynamic input-output model 
Abstract:
  Increased spatial dependency of economic activities, as well as spatial
 differentiation of production and consumption, has implications for
 environmental policy. One of the issues that has gained importance is the
 responsibility for the emissions from products that cross national
 boundaries during the environmental policy's lifetime. This paper
 discusses the different ethical views of environmental responsibility.
 Furthermore, the policy measures that are associated with the different
 viewpoints are analyzed in a novel dynamic two-country two-sector dynamic
 input-output model. A numerical example is modeled to assess taxing
 schemes that are based on these ethical viewpoints. The results show that
 a tax on the 'embodied' environmental pressure, which is generally viewed
 as ethically preferable, is less effective that the current policy of
 taxing consumers of products. Our discussion however shows that these
 results are very dependent on the model structure and initial parameters
 that are used. Nevertheless, the model illustrates that policies that are
 based on ethically superior standpoints may have detrimental distortionary
 effects in the dynamic setting. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 61-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Dynamic input-output model, international trade, technological change, environmental responsibility, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500440894 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500440894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:61-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Jesper Stage 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage 
Title: Mixing oil and water? Using hybrid input-output tables in a Structural decomposition analysis 
Abstract:
  Input-output studies of energy use frequently adopt the so-called hybrid
 table, where the rows corresponding to energy sectors are in energy units
 rather than in monetary units. However, we show that, in structural
 decomposition analyses, this hybrid approach may induce arbitrary results
 that depend on the choice of units, rather than on changes in economic
 structure. This is because an economically meaningless sum of monetary and
 energy units enters the calculations. Our proposed solution to this
 problem is based on using a sum of monetary units instead, thus avoiding
 this attempt to mix oil and water. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 85-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Structural decomposition analysis, input-output analysis, energy use, hybrid input-output tables, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500440803 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500440803
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:85-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul de Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Boer 
Author-Name: Marco Missaglia 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Missaglia 
Title: Economic consequences of intifada 
Abstract:
  In 2003 the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 published estimates of macro-economic indicators for 2002 of the economy
 of Palestine. The WB used a micro-founded recursive dynamic computable
 general equilibrium (CGE) model, calibrated on the 1998 Social Accounting
 Matrix (SAM) of Palestine, to which shocks were applied, whereas the IMF
 based its estimates on a macro-founded income-expenditure model relying on
 more recent data. It turned out that there were substantial differences:
 the estimate by the WB of the real gross national income (at 1998 prices)
 was 25% less than the corresponding figure calculated by the IMF. This
 huge difference is not only relevant for a full understanding of the
 economic consequences of the intifada, but also for the size of the
 international community intervention. In this paper we propose our own
 evaluation with the help of a static CGE model, based on the 1998 SAM and
 the so-called intifada shock derived from data of the WB that we
 constructed for the analysis of some forms of emergency assistance in a
 previous article. It turns out that our estimates, based on an entirely
 different methodology, are remarkably close to those of the IMF. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 97-106 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Macro-economic indicators, computable general equilibrium model, Palestine, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310500440779 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310500440779
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:97-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco Percoco 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Percoco 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Lanfranco Senn 
Author-X-Name-First: Lanfranco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Senn 
Title: Structural change decomposition through a global sensitivity analysis of input-output models 
Abstract:
  Sensitivity analysis has become an important tool to test the robustness
 of estimated economic models. In this paper we propose the use of
 simulation-based sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental
 structure of the economy. To show the possibilities of this technique, we
 provide empirical evidence on the path of structural change occurring in
 the Chicago economy by running simulations for projected input-output
 tables over the period 1975-2010. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 115-131 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Input-output models, sensitivity analysis, importance matrix, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600652919 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600652919
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:115-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama 
Author-Name: Michael Sonis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonis 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: Typology of structural change in a regional economy: a temporal inverse analysis 
Abstract:
  Earlier studies have investigated the hollowing-out phenomenon of the
 Chicago economy, in which the manufacturing sectors in Chicago have
 decreased their intermediate dependency within the region while the
 service sectors have increased their dependency. In this paper, a series
 of annual input-output tables for the Chicago metropolitan economy during
 the period of 1980-1997 was again employed for a further investigation of
 the structural change using an alternative tool, the temporal Leontief
 inverse analysis, that can assist in exploring trends and uncovering
 tendencies in individual sectors or groups of sectors within the context
 of an economy-wide system of accounts. The results are compared with the
 earlier studies for examining the nature and details of the hollowing-out
 phenomenon. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 133-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Input-output table, time-series analysis, structural change, hollowing-out process, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600652943 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600652943
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:133-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glen Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: Edgar Hertwich 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertwich 
Title: Structural analysis of international trade: Environmental impacts of Norway 
Abstract:
  Final demand purchases initiate production processes that ultimately lead
 to environmental impacts. With the increase in international trade, many
 production processes occur outside of the country of final consumption.
 Whilst several studies have evaluated the pollution embodied in
 consumption and trade flows, few studies have investigated the structural
 linkages between domestic consumption and production in foreign regions.
 In this article we apply three complementary approaches to study the
 production network leading from the Norwegian economy to domestic and
 international environmental impacts: (1) the consumption perspective
 identifies final demand purchases that produce environmental impacts; (2)
 the production perspective identifies the production processes generating
 the pollution for a given demand; and (3) structural path analysis is used
 to provide the linkages between the global production networks linking
 consumption and production. We find that the three approaches provide
 different, but complementary information. For policy to focus on both
 sustainable consumption and production, all three approaches are required
 to fully identify environmentally important sectors in an economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 155-181 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Input-output analysis, embodied pollution, international trade, structural path analysis, sustainable consumption and production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600653008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600653008
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:155-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Volodymyr Ryaboshlyk 
Author-X-Name-First: Volodymyr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryaboshlyk 
Title: A dynamic input-output model with explicit new and old technologies: an application to the UK 
Abstract:
  Progress is traditionally measured by the improvement of an economy's
 average characteristics from year to year. Some deeper insight might be
 gained by splitting the averages into explicit parameters for the new and
 old technologies at work within the same year, and recognising that
 innovative growth is driven just by the 'potential difference' between
 these two types of technology. Economic modelling in this light generates
 volatile development paths greatly resembling actual statistical time
 series, giving a holistic description of cycles, structural change,
 structural unemployment, relative price shifts and capacity utilisation
 issues. The paper expands the author's elaborations of the
 explicit-new-technology approach from prototype economies to that of the
 UK. Forecasts very close to reality are achieved including the 1992
 cyclical decline. All this gives empirical support to the premise that the
 input-output method, if modified, could become a competitive tool for
 analysing 'spontaneous' market forces, as well as for direct planning. The
 need for separate statistical accounting of parameters for new
 technologies at macro- and industry-levels is substantiated. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 183-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Progress, dynamic input-output models, business cycle, linear and nonlinear programming, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600653040 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600653040
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:183-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Bohlin 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohlin 
Author-Name: Lars Widell 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Widell 
Title: Estimation of commodity-by-commodity input-output matrices 
Abstract:
  In this paper we derive a method for the estimation of symmetric
 input-output tables (SIOTs), which makes it possible to use the commodity
 technology assumption even when use- and make tables are rectangular. The
 method also solves the problem of negative coefficients. In the empirical
 part we derive annual SIOTs in order to evaluate the differences between
 SIOTs calculated with different methods and the change in technical
 coefficients over time. Our results, based on data for Sweden, show that
 the impact of using different technology assumptions is rather large.
 However, in a factor content of trade application the impact of different
 technology assumptions does not seem to be very important. Also the size
 of the changes in the technical coefficients over time is found to be
 quite large, indicating the importance of calculating SIOTs annually. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 205-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Input-output model, commodity technology, product technology, factor content of trade, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600653164 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600653164
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:205-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Wolff 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff 
Title: The growth of information workers in the US economy, 1950-2000: the role of technological change, computerization, and structural change 
Abstract:
  Using data from the decennial US Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980,
 1990, and 2000, I construct matrices of employment by 267 occupations and
 64 industries and then aggregate the occupations into four categories: (i)
 knowledge producers; (ii) data processors; (iii) service workers; and (iv)
 goods-processing workers. I find that information workers (the sum of the
 first two categories) increased from 37% of the workforce in 1950 to 59%
 in 2000. Then, using an input-output decomposition analysis, I find that
 the growth in information workers was driven not by a shift in tastes
 toward information-intensive goods and services (as measured by the
 composition of final demand) but rather by a roughly equal combination of
 the substitution of information workers for goods and service workers
 within the structure of production of industries and the unbalanced growth
 effect (from differential rates of industry productivity growth). Finally,
 on the basis of regression analysis, I find that R&D expenditures and
 computer investment are positively associated with the growth in knowledge
 workers but negatively associated with the growth of data workers. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 221-255 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Information workers, input-output, R&D, computerization, productivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844193 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844193
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:221-255




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chandrima Sikdar 
Author-X-Name-First: Chandrima 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sikdar 
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen 
Author-Name: Debesh Chakraborty 
Author-X-Name-First: Debesh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty 
Title: Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh: A general equilibrium approach 
Abstract:
  India and Bangladesh have pursued policies of trade liberalization since
 the early 1990s. However, owing to the differential speeds of opening up,
 Bangladesh's bilateral trade deficit with India widened substantially over
 the years. This aggravated the economic and the political tensions between
 the economies. It has been held that promotion of free trade between the
 two economies may enhance the trade and hence economic cooperation between
 them. Against this backdrop the present paper proposes a theoretical
 framework that provides a general equilibrium determination of the
 commodity pattern of trade and hence locates the comparative advantages of
 the economies. The empirical implementation of the model considers trade
 in 25 sectors comparable in the input-output tables of the economies. The
 study isolates the gains from free trade accruing to either economy. The
 paper also explores the pattern of bilateral trade when each economy
 produces goods by utilizing their own as well as the other country's
 technology. The gains from this trading arrangement are also isolated. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 257-279 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: General equilibrium, comparative advantage, free trade, India-Bangladesh, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844250 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844250
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:257-279




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anders Hammer Str&#xf8;mman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Hammer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Str&#xf8;mman 
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: A world trade model with bilateral trade based on comparative advantage 
Abstract:
  This paper describes an extension of Duchin's world trade model to
 include the explicit representation of transportation costs, permitting
 the endogenous determination of bilateral trade flows and region-specific
 prices. The original model is a linear program that, based on comparative
 advantage and the minimization of factor use, determines regional
 production and trade flows as well as world prices and scarcity rents for
 m regions, n good, and k factors. The new world trade model with bilateral
 trade achieves its objectives by introducing transportation services and
 geographically dependent transportation requirements for each traded good
 and each pair of potential trade partners. The formulation of this model
 and its major properties are presented, and results from a preliminary
 analysis with 11 regions, eight goods, four transportation sectors, and
 six factors of production are reported and compared with corresponding
 results from the world trade model. On the basis of this comparison, we
 conclude that transportation costs have little impact on a region's total
 imports or exports of a given commodity. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 281-297 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Input-output model, comparative advantage, world trade model, bilateral trade, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844300 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844300
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:281-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Diaz 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diaz 
Author-Name: Laura Moniche 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moniche 
Author-Name: Antonio Morillas 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morillas 
Title: A Fuzzy clustering approach to the key sectors of the Spanish economy 
Abstract:
  The search for key sectors in an economy has been and still is one of the
 more recurrent themes in input-output analysis. When using clustering
 techniques, sectors can only belong to a group, having a particular
 performance. But, actually, the same sector could be important from
 different perspectives at the same time, to a different degree. So, a
 fuzzy clustering approach is needed. In this work we propose a
 multidimensional approach to classify the productive sectors of the
 Spanish input-output table for 1995, based on three groups of variables:
 those related to their productive integration, others measuring their
 specific weight in the economy and finally some showing their economic
 dynamic. We also incorporate into the analysis the technological level,
 which being a categorical variable presents special methodological
 problems. All these questions are tackled applying a robust and fuzzy
 clustering analysis, which gives as a result a classification of sectors
 illustrating the role that each one plays in the Spanish economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 299-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Key sectors, fuzzy clustering, input-output analysis, Spanish economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844375 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844375
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:299-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Alejandro Cardenete 
Author-X-Name-First: M. Alejandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardenete 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: Missing links in key sector analysis 
Abstract:
  In general terms, key sectors analysis aims at identifying and
 quantifying the economic impact of a sector in a given economy. For a
 sector, we mean here either an industry or a region, or even a cluster of
 them. Quite a few measures and methodologies of varied complexity have
 been proposed in the literature, from multiplier sums to extraction
 methods, but not without debate about their properties and information
 content. All of them, to our knowledge, focus exclusively on the
 interdependence effects that result from an input-output structure of the
 economy. By so doing the approach misses critical links beyond the
 interindustry ones. A productive sector's role is that of producing but
 also that of generating and distributing income among primary factors and
 households as a result of production. Thus, when measuring a sector's
 role, the income generating process should not be omitted if we want to
 elucidate the sector's true economic impact. A simple way to make the
 missing income links explicit is to use the SAM (Social Accounting Matrix)
 facility. Extending an extraction methodology to the SAM we compare lost
 output with and without the missing links. We observe that substantial
 differences in sectoral lost gross output arise but, even more important,
 we capture the implied shifting in the rank ordering of sectors. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 319-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Key sectors, extraction methods, economic linkages, SAM analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844409 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844409
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:319-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anushree Sinha 
Author-X-Name-First: Anushree 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha 
Title: Book review 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 327-329 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310600844417 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310600844417
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:327-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olav Bjerkholt 
Author-X-Name-First: Olav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bjerkholt 
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Title: Introduction: the History of Input-Output Analysis, Leontief's Path and Alternative Tracks 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 331-333 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020850 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020850
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:331-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Kaliadina 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaliadina 
Author-Name: Natal'ia Iu. Pavlova 
Author-X-Name-First: Natal'ia Iu. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavlova 
Author-Name: Claus Wittich 
Author-X-Name-First: Claus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittich 
Title: The Family of W. W. Leontief in Russia 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 335-345 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020876
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:335-345




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Kaliadina 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaliadina 
Author-Name: Tatiana Babaskina 
Author-X-Name-First: Tatiana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Babaskina 
Author-Name: Maria Shikalova 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shikalova 
Author-Name: Claus Wittich 
Author-X-Name-First: Claus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittich 
Title: W.W. Leontief and the Repressions of the 1920s: an Interview 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 347-355 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020884 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020884
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:347-355




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gilbert Abraham-Frois 
Author-X-Name-First: Gilbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abraham-Frois 
Author-Name: Emeric Lendjel 
Author-X-Name-First: Emeric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lendjel 
Title: Father Potron's Early Contributions to Input-Output Analysis 
Abstract:
  This article introduces an unknown predecessor of Leontief who, at the
 very beginning of the last century, invented the idea of an input-output
 table as the basis for finding an economic equilibrium. He gave examples
 of 'technical coefficients', formulated the idea of a computing office,
 and was the first to apply Perron-Frobenius's theorems to such
 Leontief-type models in order to demonstrate the possibility of the
 existence of an economic equilibrium. As a Jesuit, Potron was largely
 influenced by the 'social doctrine of justice'. Consequently, he was
 mainly concerned with social justice and economic efficiency, problems of
 'fairness', and the setting of 'fair prices' and 'fair wages'. As a
 graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique with a PhD in mathematics, he applied
 mathematics to economic analysis, without any training or knowledge of
 economic methods. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 357-372 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Potron, input-output analysis, Perron-Frobenius theorem, Thomism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020918 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020918
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:357-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinz Kurz 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurz 
Author-Name: Neri Salvadori 
Author-X-Name-First: Neri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvadori 
Title: Input-Output Analysis from a Wider Perspective: a Comparison of the Early Works of Leontief and Sraffa 
Abstract:
  This paper compares Leontief's 1928 PhD thesis and Sraffa's work in
 Cambridge in 1927-1928 as reconstructed from Sraffa's unpublished papers.
 Both authors showed that relative prices and the interest rate can be
 determined exclusively in terms of the observable amounts of commodities
 produced and used up during a year - without any reference to demand and
 supply. While Sraffa continued to elaborate a comprehensive objectivist,
 surplus-based alternative to the marginalist theory, Leontief's interest
 shifted towards applying the new tool of input-output to practical
 problems. However, his assumption of given value added coefficients in his
 price equations cannot be sustained. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 373-390 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Circular flow, classical theory, input-output analysis, Wassily Leontief, Piero Sraffa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020959 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020959
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:373-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olav Bjerkholt 
Author-X-Name-First: Olav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bjerkholt 
Author-Name: Mark Knell 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knell 
Title: Ragnar Frisch and the Origin of Input-Output Analysis 
Abstract:
  Ragnar Frisch claimed on various occasions that he had invented the
 principles of input-output analysis. Frisch and Leontief worked
 simultaneously on their respective contributions but within different
 contexts. Frisch's contribution was an attempt to cope with market
 collapse of the depression and thus arose from a different motivation than
 Leontief's equilibrium analysis. Although prominently published in
 Econometrica in 1934, Frisch's 'circulation planning' has not been much
 discussed in the literature. The paper sets out the analytic core of
 Frisch's contribution and its formal similarity with Wassily Leontief's
 input-output analysis, which was the basis for Frisch's claim. It examines
 the inventiveness and analytical power of Frisch's approach and relates it
 to other works by him. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 391-410 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: History of economic thought, input-output models, circulation planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601020983 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601020983
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: The Treatment of Fixed Capital in the Long Period 
Abstract:
  This paper is concerned with the treatment of fixed capital in
 multisectoral models. Five approaches and concepts developed and used by
 Sraffa and von Neumann, by Hicks, by Georgescu-Roegen, by Walras and by
 Leontief are compared. These five approaches fall into two broad
 categories: models with finite life and endogenous determination of
 depreciation and models with infinite life and exogenous depreciation.
 Total vertical disintegration of production results in treating used fixed
 capital items as joint products. This approach suggested by Torrens and
 elaborated by von Neumann and Sraffa is the most general approach. All
 other models are special cases. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 411-426 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Fixed capital, multi-sectoral models, dynamic Leontief model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601021007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601021007
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:411-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grant J. Allan 
Author-X-Name-First: Grant J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Allan 
Author-Name: Nicholas D. Hanley 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanley 
Author-Name: Peter G. Mcgregor 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcgregor 
Author-Name: J. Kim Swales 
Author-X-Name-First: J. Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swales 
Author-Name: Karen R. Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Title: Augmenting the Input-Output Framework for 'Common Pool' Resources: Operationalising the Full Leontief Environmental Model 
Abstract:
  In its initial formulation, the full Leontief (1970) environmental model
 augments the conventional Input-Output (IO) table by introducing pollution
 generation and separately identified pollution elimination sectors.
 Essentially it extends IO analysis to incorporate the use of a 'common
 pool' resource. Subsequent literature has either been analytical in nature
 or has concentrated on pollution generation but not cleaning activity. In
 this paper we generate an empirical full Leontief environmental IO system,
 based on augmenting the existing Scottish IO tables through endogenising
 waste generation and waste disposal activity. Due to weaknesses in data,
 our empirical results need to be treated with some caution. However, the
 construction of the extended IO system and the interpretation of the
 output and price multiplier results raise a number of interesting
 practical and conceptual issues. The analysis undertaken here can be
 extended to other 'common pool' resources such as the use of highways and
 irrigation systems. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Input-output, environment, pollution, waste disposal, common pool resources, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164724 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164724
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Axel Schaffer 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schaffer 
Title: Women's and Men's Contributions to Satisfying Consumers' Needs: A Combined Time Use and Input-Output Analysis 
Abstract:
  The traditional input-output table (IOT) identifies the intermediate
 flows between industries, the branches' contributions to satisfy final
 demand and the primary inputs needed for production. While industries play
 a key role in the field of input-output analysis, the structure of
 employees remains more or less unconsidered. The present study aims to
 combine particular information regarding employees' working time with
 traditional instruments of input-output analysis. In so doing, employees
 (and the corresponding paid working hours) are separated by industries,
 educational achievements and gender. This, in turn, allows for the
 identification of women's and men's contributions to satisfying different
 categories of final demand. In total, men's paid working hours
 significantly exceed women's labour input. However, societies rely
 likewise on paid and unpaid work. Therefore, the study finally accounts
 for the field of unpaid work, which - in Germany - is still dominated by
 women. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 23-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Input-output analysis, Gross Domestic Product, time use, gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164732 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:23-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernd Meyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer 
Author-Name: Christian Lutz 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz 
Author-Name: Peter Schnur 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnur 
Author-Name: Gerd Zika 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zika 
Title: National Economic Policy Simulations with Global Interdependencies: A Sensitivity Analysis for Germany 
Abstract:
  Policy simulations for national economies with econometric models, in
 general, are done using a standalone national model with exogenous export
 values and import prices. In a globalised world, such an exercise is
 critical, since the policy in question may change the export prices and
 the import volumes of the particular country and induce via international
 trade a change of the economic activities of the global economy and a
 feedback to the export values and import prices of the particular country.
 This paper presents a sensitivity analysis for Germany comparing the
 impacts of a shock on investment in a standalone simulation using the
 multisector model INFORGE with the results, which occur, if the same model
 is linked to the global multicountry/multisector model GINFORS
 endogenising Germany-super-`s export values and import prices. The results
 are striking: the effect on real GDP is 50% higher in the global
 simulation than in the standalone case. Because of the specialisation in
 trade the differences on the sector level are even stronger. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 37-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Policy simulation, econometric models, global modelling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164765 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164765
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Amarendra Sahoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Amarendra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo 
Title: Competitive Pressure on the Indian Households: A General Equilibrium Approach 
Abstract:
  How would competitive pressure impact upon the income distribution and
 the poverty of household groups? We analyse the gains in efficiency and
 productivity due to competitive pressure, and its distributional effects
 using a general equilibrium input-output framework. Efficient utilization
 of the available resources, technical progress and free trade constitute
 our sources of growth. Welfare would increase under competition, but the
 income distribution would become more skewed. Rural household groups would
 stand to lose relative to the urban ones. Urban poverty would be reduced
 significantly more than rural. In fact, the agricultural worker would even
 suffer from an increase in poverty. The study shows that competitive
 pressure has a positive effect on efficiency, productivity and poverty,
 but an adverse effect on the income distribution in the Indian economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 57-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Efficiency, productivity, applied general equilibrium, income distribution, poverty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164781 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164781
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:57-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D'artis Kancs 
Author-X-Name-First: D'artis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kancs 
Title: Does Economic Integration Affect the Structure of Industries? Empirical Evidence from the CEE 
Abstract:
  In this paper we study the impacts of regional integration on the
 structure of industries in the Central and Eastern European (CEE)
 transition economies. Our empirical analysis is based on the economic
 geography framework, which is able to predict not only the industry
 location after integration, but also to capture other general equilibrium
 effects, such as transition to market economy, which turn out to be highly
 significant in the CEE. Our empirical results complement previous findings
 that industry location is strongly related to economic integration. We
 also find that CEE integration of the Council on Mutual Economic
 Assistance (CMEA) has distorted the industry location pattern predicted by
 the underlying economic geography theory. These distortions are higher in
 those regions that were more integrated in the CMEA. Our ex-ante
 simulation results suggest a convergence in regional specialisation after
 CEE integration with the EU. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 73-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Economic development, regional integration, input-output linkages, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164807 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164807
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Author-Name: Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Title: A Generalized Expression for the Commodity and the Industry Technology Models in Input-Output Analysis 
Abstract:
  Technical coefficients are usually constructed from commodity or industry
 technology models. Although these models are considered as competing,
 there is an encompassing framework that admits a clear comparison. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 99-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Technical coefficients, commodity technology, industry technology, input-output analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310601164849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310601164849
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:99-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama 
Title: Economic Modeling for Disaster Impact Analysis: Past, Present, and Future 
Abstract:
  Analyzing economic impacts of disasters has attracted interest from a
 wide audience in recent years, not only because of the frequent occurrence
 of large natural disasters worldwide but also because of the spread of
 terrorism to a global scale. This paper reviews past modeling studies for
 economic impact analysis of disasters, focusing especially on the
 input-output model and related modeling frameworks, such as the social
 accounting matrix and the computable general equilibrium model. The paper
 also discusses the issues of disaster modeling raised by the literature,
 and proposes some future directions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 115-124 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Impact analysis, disasters, input-output, extensions, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701328435 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701328435
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:115-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kieran P. Donaghy 
Author-X-Name-First: Kieran P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donaghy 
Author-Name: Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan 
Author-X-Name-First: Nazmiye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Balta-Ozkan 
Author-Name: Geoffrey J.D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: Modeling Unexpected Events in Temporally Disaggregated Econometric Input-Output Models of Regional Economies 
Abstract:
  Discrete-time econometric input-output models of regional economies, such
 as Regional Econometric Input-Output Models (REIMs), have been used to
 examine the impacts over time of unexpected (and usually extreme) events.
 Analyses carried out with such models have been limited, in part, because
 of their temporal orientation and their somewhat a-theoretical
 specification. In this paper we review how REIMs can accommodate
 disequilibrium adjustments in economies to unexpected events and then
 discuss analytical contributions made by sequential interindustry models
 (SIMs) before presenting the case for using continuous-time formulations
 of REIMs to capture both events with impacts over periods that are shorter
 than the observation/solution interval of the model and nonlinear
 continuous event recovery processes. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 125-145 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Econometric input-output model, continuous-time modeling, unexpected events, impact analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701328484 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701328484
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:125-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Satoshi Tsuchiya 
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsuchiya 
Author-Name: Hirokazu Tatano 
Author-X-Name-First: Hirokazu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tatano 
Author-Name: Norio Okada 
Author-X-Name-First: Norio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okada 
Title: Economic Loss Assessment due to Railroad and Highway Disruptions 
Abstract:
  This paper aims to present an illustrative case study on the economic
 impacts of transport infrastructure disruptions caused by the hypothetical
 Tokai-Tonankai earthquakes in Japan. We formulate a spatial computable
 general equilibrium (SCGE) model, which integrates a transportation model
 that can estimate two types of interregional flows of freight movement and
 passenger trips. The case study shows the impacts of transportation
 disruptions and the importance of network redundancy with
 transport-related economic losses corresponding to several scenarios from
 disasters and network levels of development. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 147-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Spatial computable general equilibrium model, catastrophic earthquakes, transport-related losses, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701328567 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701328567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:147-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Norihiko Yamano 
Author-X-Name-First: Norihiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamano 
Author-Name: Yoshio Kajitani 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kajitani 
Author-Name: Yoshiharu Shumuta 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshiharu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shumuta 
Title: Modeling the Regional Economic Loss of Natural Disasters: The Search for Economic Hotspots 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the economic impacts of natural disasters using the
 originally estimated finer geographical scale production datasets and the
 redefined interregional input-output table. For more effective estimates
 of direct losses of the disasters, the precise geographical information of
 industrial distribution is required, because most economic data are
 published according to political boundaries that may be too aggregated to
 be the practical information for disaster preventions and retrofit
 policies. The direct losses are captured by the output data at the
 district level (500-meter square) by sector and the population density.
 The map of economic hotspots is obtained after estimating the economic
 importance of each district. The numerical examples clearly show that the
 advantages of finer geographical scale datasets and the total economic
 losses are not proportional to the distributions of population and
 industrial activities. In other words, the disaster prevention and
 retrofit policies have to consider the higher-order effects to reduce the
 total economic loss. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 163-181 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Natural disaster, district level data, multiregional input-output model, economic hotspots, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701330191 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701330191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:163-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher W. Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Author-Name: Joost R. Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Author-Name: Yacov Y. Haimes 
Author-X-Name-First: Yacov Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haimes 
Title: A Risk-based Input-Output Methodology for Measuring the Effects of the August 2003 Northeast Blackout 
Abstract:
  The 2003 Northeast Blackout revealed vulnerabilities within the US
 electric power-grid system. With the economy so dependent on electric
 power for most aspects of life, a power-grid failure can have far-reaching
 higher-order effects and can impair the operability of other critical
 infrastructures. An inoperability of the power sector can result from
 different types of disasters (e.g., accidents, natural catastrophe, or
 willful attacks). This paper demonstrates the Inoperability Input-Output
 Model (IIM) to measure the financial and inoperability effects of the
 Northeast Blackout. The case study uses information from sources such as
 the US input-output tables and sector-specific reports to quantify losses
 for specific inoperability levels. The IIM estimated losses of the same
 magnitude as other published reports; however, with a detailed accounting
 of all affected economic sectors. Finally, a risk management framework is
 proposed to extend the IIM's capability for evaluating investment options
 in terms of their implementation costs and loss-reduction potentials. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 183-204 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: 2003 Northeast Blackout, inoperability input-output model, risk management, multiobjective analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701330233 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701330233
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:183-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert E. Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Author-Name: Marija Bockarjova 
Author-X-Name-First: Marija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bockarjova 
Title: Thinking about Imbalances in Post-catastrophe Economies: An Input-Output based Proposition 
Abstract:
  In this paper we focus on the consequences of a major catastrophe for a
 modern economy, where 'major' means that a significant part of the
 economy's productive capacity is lost. In the aftermath of the
 catastrophe, authorities have to address a great number of issues. We
 show, using basic principles, that input-output methodology offers a
 flexible set of tools to address three fundamental issues: (1) obtaining a
 systematic insight in the imbalances that exist in the non-affected area
 after the catastrophe, (2) determining the nature of these imbalances and
 the way they affect options in the recovery process, and (3) introducing
 the elements of a cost-benefit analysis in the context of prevention and
 precautionary policies. Our approach strongly supports the need for
 extensive contingency planning in the presence of major natural hazards. A
 numerical example accompanies the various steps of the exercise. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 205-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Disaster, input-output analysis, economic network, cost-benefit analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701330308 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701330308
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcel Timmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmer 
Author-Name: Pirkko Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Author-X-Name-First: Pirkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Title: New Developments in Productivity Analysis within an Input-Output Framework: an Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 225-227 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701571828 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701571828
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:225-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dale Jorgenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Dale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jorgenson 
Author-Name: Mun Ho 
Author-X-Name-First: Mun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho 
Author-Name: Jon Samuels 
Author-X-Name-First: Jon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Samuels 
Author-Name: Kevin Stiroh 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stiroh 
Title: Industry Origins of the American Productivity Resurgence 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes the industry origins of the American growth
 resurgence by examining output, input, and productivity growth of 85
 component industries for the period 1960 to 2005. We use this detailed
 industry data to examine trends in particular industry groups such as
 those that produce information technology (IT) or use IT most intensively
 and to perform a 'bottom-up' comparison of alternative aggregation
 methodologies. The data show that while labor productivity growth was
 strong throughout the full period after 1995, there were important
 differences between 1995-2000 and 2000-2005. The period 1995-2000, for
 example, was marked by strong growth in labor input so aggregate output
 was robust, while labor input and output growth both declined
 substantially after 2000. IT remained an important source of both capital
 deepening and total factor productivity growth after 2000, but the
 contributions were not as large as during the technology boom of the late
 1990s. We also show that the production possibility frontier, which
 recognizes differences in output prices across industries, remains the
 most appropriate methodology for aggregating industry data. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 229-252 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Economic growth, USA, industry aggregation, information technology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701571885 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701571885
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:229-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pirkko Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Author-X-Name-First: Pirkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aulin-Ahmavaara 
Author-Name: Perttu Pakarinen 
Author-X-Name-First: Perttu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pakarinen 
Title: Integrated Industry and Economy-wide TFP-Measures with Different Prices in Different Uses 
Abstract:
  We derive a consistent system of industry and economy-wide measures of
 TFP growth based on weaker assumptions than used in the literature so far.
 We allow different industries to pay different prices for the same
 product. These price differences are not assumed to cancel out at the
 economy-wide level. Our economy-wide concepts of output are the average
 growth rates of deliveries to final demand and of the industries' value
 added. In the case of the former, both net taxes on products and imported
 intermediates contribute, in addition to labour and capital, to the output
 growth and even the reallocation of intermediates contributes to the
 economy-wide TFP growth. In the case of the latter only capital and labour
 contribute to the output growth and the contribution of the reallocation
 of intermediates is largely offset by that of value added. We demonstrate
 the consequences of the non-additivity of the Tornqvist index formula. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 253-276 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Growth accounting, productivity, aggregation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701571927 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701571927
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:253-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourens Broersma 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourens 
Author-X-Name-Last: Broersma 
Author-Name: Ton Van Moergastel 
Author-X-Name-First: Ton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Moergastel 
Title: A Shortcut Method for Generating Time Series of Input Data for Productivity Analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper outlines a simple method for generating long time-series of
 intermediate inputs by industries and products from supply and use tables
 (SUTs) that can serve as building blocks in productivity growth analysis.
 This backward extrapolation method is tested on a set of Dutch SUTs for
 the period 1987-2001. We find that our methodology delivers estimates of
 values, volumes and real growth rates of intermediate inputs that compare
 well with the ones from officially published tables. It generates a stable
 long series of tables based on a limited set of information. This method
 will hence be a useful tool for generating time-series of intermediate
 inputs, which are a crucial element in productivity analysis. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 277-293 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Supply and use tables, estimation, intermediate inputs, growth accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701571976 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701571976
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena 
Title: Technical Change, Investment and Energy Intensity 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses the role of different components of technical change
 on energy intensity by applying a Translog variable cost function setting
 with (short- run) fixed capital to the new EU KLEMS dataset for five
 selected EU countries (Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, UK and Spain). The
 framework applied represents an accounting of technical change components,
 comprising autonomous (disembodied) as well as technical change embodied
 in capital goods. It is extended in order to incorporate embodied
 technical change induced by energy prices by adding an equation for
 (physical) capital stock accumulation. The model can be used for
 explaining and tracing back the long-run impact of the interaction of
 prices, capital accumulation and technical change on energy intensity. The
 empirical results distinguish between industries with embodied technical
 change and industries with capital-energy complementarity. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 295-314 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Embodied technical change, industrial energy intensity, Translog cost function, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701572008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701572008
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dale Jorgenson 
Author-X-Name-First: Dale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jorgenson 
Author-Name: Koji Nomura 
Author-X-Name-First: Koji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nomura 
Title: The Industry Origins of the US-Japan Productivity Gap 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a comparison of total factor productivity (TFP)
 levels between the US and Japan for the period 1960-2004 and allocates the
 gap to individual industries. We carefully distinguish the various
 concepts of purchasing power parity (PPP) and measure them within the
 framework of a US-Japan bilateral input-output table. We also measure
 industry-level PPPs for capital, labor, energy, and materials inputs and
 output for 42 industries common to the US and Japan, based on detailed
 estimates for 164 commodities, 33 assets, including land and inventories,
 and 1596 labor categories. The US-Japan productivity gap shrank during
 three decades of rapid Japanese economic growth, 1960-1990. The Japanese
 manufacturing sector achieved parity with its US counterpart by the end of
 the period. With the collapse of the Japanese economic bubble at the end
 of the 1980s, the US-Japan productivity gap reversed course and expanded
 to 79.5% by 2004. This can be attributed to rapid productivity growth in
 the IT-producing industries in the US during the late 1990s and the sharp
 acceleration of productivity growth in the IT-using industries in the US
 during 2000-2004. Wholesale and Retail Trade emerged as the largest
 contributor to this gap, accounting for 25.1% of the lower TFP of the
 Japanese economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 315-341 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Purchasing power parity, investment, productivity, growth, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701572024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701572024
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Inklaar 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inklaar 
Author-Name: Marcel Timmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmer 
Title: International Comparisons of Industry Output, Inputs and Productivity Levels: Methodology and New Results 
Abstract:
  In this paper we provide new evidence on relative levels of output,
 inputs and productivity at a detailed industry level for a set of seven
 countries. These comparisons are based on sectoral output measures that
 exclude intra-industry flows. We argue that this improves international
 comparability and the insightfulness of the analysis. Productivity levels
 are relatively similar in the European and Anglo-Saxon countries we
 analyze, but we do find large differences in production structures. US
 industries use more skilled labour, more ICT capital, more services and
 more energy, but less materials, per unit of output than the other
 countries. This pattern is found for both goods-producing and
 services-producing industries. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 343-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: International comparisons, productivity, input-output tables, structure of production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701572040 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701572040
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Utz-Peter Reich 
Author-X-Name-First: Utz-Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reich 
Title: Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Flow Table for Analyzing the International Economy 
Abstract:
  Whether or not the terms of trade between two countries may be unequal is
 a controversial question in the theory of international economics. In
 practice, the issue is resolved through statistical observation of the
 terms of trade. This measurement of the terms of trade follows a long
 tradition and produces impressive detail. It is, however, restricted in
 scope, because the first derivative, the change of the terms over time is
 observed only. Absolute levels depend on which year is chosen as the base
 year, a choice that is rather arbitrary and carries no theoretical
 meaning. Equality in the levels of terms of trade remains thus undefined.
 More precisely, it is always assumed to exist implicitly for whichever
 base year is being nominated. The paper proposes an answer to this
 ambiguity based on the relatively new statistical tool of international
 purchasing power compilation. The terms of trade are crucially dependent
 on the rate of foreign exchange (for which exports are traded against
 imports), which is predominantly governed by financial rather than
 commodity markets. Hence, the paper proposes to separate the two factors
 of influence and to call terms of trade 'equal' if the effective real
 exchange rate (as derived from the nominal exchange rate by means of
 purchasing power parities) equals one. On that basis a world trade flow
 table is constructed, putting the compiled equalities and inequalities in
 trade into a coherent, global perspective. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 375-395 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: International trade, inequality, purchasing power parity, real prices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698449 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698449
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dipti Prakas Pal 
Author-X-Name-First: Dipti Prakas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pal 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Dipika Basu 
Author-X-Name-First: Dipika 
Author-X-Name-Last: Basu 
Title: Economic Integration: Systemic Measures in an Input-Output Framework 
Abstract:
  Countries are linked through trade and for their mutual benefits they
 often group together. Consequently, trade blocs are formed in some form or
 another, examples of which are the EU, EFTA, ASEAN, NAFTA, and SAARC.
 Depending upon the form and the nature of the grouping, trade relations
 among countries obviously vary across the trade blocs. The pattern and the
 volume of trade of the participating countries are different and thus
 cause different impacts on the growth and development of the countries
 concerned. Also, the nature of integration changes over time. To examine
 the strength of integration within trade blocs, systemic measures of
 integration hitherto not available are formulated in an input-output
 framework. The measures are used, as a case study, to assess the
 inter-temporal variations in the degree of integration of SAARC. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 397-408 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Economic integration, trade coefficient matrix, input-output framework, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698464 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698464
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kim Abildgren 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abildgren 
Title: Input-Output Based Measures of Underlying Domestic Inflation: Empirical Evidence from Denmark 1903-2002 
Abstract:
  The paper presents input-output based time-series data for the underlying
 domestic inflation in Denmark 1903-2002 and analyses the inflationary
 development during the last century. More conceptual issues in relation to
 the interpretation and use of input-output based domestic inflation
 measures are also discussed. The purpose of such inflation measures is to
 track the development in the domestic market-determined inflation, which
 is closely related to the price of gross value added in the domestic
 market-based private business sector. A price index for value added often
 displays a different short-term development than the headline CPI. Such
 differences can be useful in an assessment of the current inflationary
 environment and in relation to an interpretation of the historical
 inflation development. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 409-423 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Underlying inflation, core inflation, history of inflation, input-output price models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698472 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698472
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lefteris Tsoulfidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Lefteris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsoulfidis 
Author-Name: Theodore Mariolis 
Author-X-Name-First: Theodore 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariolis 
Title: Labour Values, Prices of Production and the Effects of Income Distribution: Evidence from the Greek Economy 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the relationship between labour values, prices of
 production and changes in income distribution in an actual economy. For
 this purpose we use a linear model of production with circulating capital
 and homogeneous labour, assuming that wages are paid ex ante. On the basis
 of this model and data from input-output tables of the Greek economy for
 the period 1988-1997 we estimate the labour values and prices of
 production, which are normalized with the use of the Sraffian standard
 commodity and the actual output vector. Furthermore, we extend Steedman's
 polynomial approximation of prices of production to include the case where
 wages are paid ex ante and the accuracy of this approximation is tested
 with actual input-output data. Finally, we find that prices of production
 change as a result of hypothetical changes in income distribution more
 often than not in a monotonic way and in a few cases display curvatures
 that reverse the order between prices of production and values. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 425-437 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Distribution, labour values, prices of production, standard commodity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698548 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698548
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Bidard 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bidard 
Author-Name: Guido Erreygers 
Author-X-Name-First: Guido 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erreygers 
Title: Potron and the Perron-Frobenius Theorem 
Abstract:
  Maurice Potron is an important precursor of the study of linear models of
 production and, in particular, of input-output analysis. We show that,
 contrary to Abraham-Frois and Lendjel's interpretation which we consider
 as unfaithful to Potron's model, there is a clear connection between his
 theory and the Perron-Frobenius theorem. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 439-452 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Frobenius, Leontief, Perron, Potron, Sraffa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698563 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698563
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Title: The Extraction of Technical Coefficients from Input and Output Data 
Abstract:
  Presumably, input-output coefficients reflect technology, and these
 coefficients measure the input requirements per unit of product. This
 concept has been extended to consumption theory, where it models
 expenditure shares. Input-output coefficients are extracted from the
 national accounts of an economy, by taking average proportions between
 inputs and outputs. Since the latter represent all sorts of
 inefficiencies, this practice blurs the measurement of technology. Input
 requirements are better measured by minimal proportions between inputs and
 outputs. This approach separates the measurement of technology from that
 of productive efficiency. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 453-459 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Input-output coefficient, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698597
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Blanca Gallego 
Author-X-Name-First: Blanca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallego 
Title: Some Comments on the GRAS Method 
Abstract:
  Junius and Oosterhaven (2003) present a RAS matrix balancing variant that
 can incorporate negative elements in the balancing. There are, however, a
 couple of issues in the approach described - the first being the handling
 of zeros in the initial estimate, and the second being the formulation of
 their minimum-information principle. We present a corrected exposition of
 GRAS. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 461-465 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: RAS matrix balancing, GRAS, optimisation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310701698613 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310701698613
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801890599 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801890599
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Yuki Kudoh 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kudoh 
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai 
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai 
Author-Name: Tomohiro Tasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomohiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tasaki 
Title: The Economic and Environmental Consequences of Automobile Lifetime Extension and Fuel Economy Improvement: Japan's Case 
Abstract:
  The presenft paper develops a structural decomposition analysis with
 cumulative product lifetime distributions to estimate the effects of both
 product lifetime shifts and energy efficiency changes on the embodied
 energy consumptions. The empirical analysis focuses on automobile use
 (ordinary passenger vehicles, small passenger vehicles, and light
 passenger vehicles) in Japan during the period 1990-2000. It reveals that
 the lifetime extension of existing old vehicles during the study period
 was more beneficial to the environment than purchasing new passenger
 vehicles with a relatively high fuel economy, because the lifetime
 extension empirically contributed to reducing the embodied energy
 consumption at the production and end-use stages. We also found that the
 energy-saving impact of a one-year lifetime extension was approximately
 1.3 times larger than that of the most significant technological
 improvement in the electric power generation sector. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Passenger vehicle use, gasoline consumption, passenger vehicle lifetime, fuel economy, rebound effect, technological change, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801890615 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801890615
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joost Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Author-Name: Kash Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Kash 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Author-Name: Paul Zelinke 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zelinke 
Title: Sequential Decision-making in Interdependent Sectors with Multiobjective Inoperability Decision Trees: Application to Biofuel Subsidy Analysis 
Abstract:
  Decision-making involving large-scale systems often involves
 considerations for temporal changes, interdependencies in organizational
 structures, multiple competing objectives, and risk and uncertainty, among
 others. In this paper we develop a risk-based methodology, the
 Multiobjective Inoperability Decision Tree (MOIDT). It integrates several
 dimensions of decision-making processes associated with interconnected
 systems in terms of: (i) evaluation of sequential policies; (ii) analysis
 of interdependencies; (iii) treatment of multiple objectives and their
 tradeoffs; and (iv) characterization of uncertainties. To demonstrate the
 integration of these four components, we present a case study to analyze
 the impact of government policies towards mass-scale biofuel production.
 Using a multi-period decision framework, the analysis utilizes economic
 input-output data to model the probabilistic demand adjustments for
 sectors that will likely be affected by biofuel policies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 29-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Interdependency analysis, multiobjective decision-making, sequential decision-making, extreme event analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801890672 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801890672
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonio Morillas 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morillas 
Author-Name: Barbara Diaz 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diaz 
Title: Key Sectors, Industrial Clustering and Multivariate Outliers 
Abstract:
  In this paper a reflection is made on the problems that can arise in key
 sector analysis and industrial clustering, due to the usual presence of
 outliers when using multidimensional data related to the sectors in an
 input-output table. Multidimensional outliers are considered as being not
 only linked to the low number of clusters usually observed in this kind of
 study, but probably causing invalid results in most of the works involving
 multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster and factor analysis.
 Actually, by comparing the key sectors of the Spanish economy obtained in
 Diaz et al. (2006) to the ones we get taking into account the problem the
 outliers pose, one can realize they greatly distort the results. On the
 other hand, it is shown that identification of outliers can be considered
 as a good and new procedure to help select the most important sectors in
 an economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 57-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Key sectors, industrial clustering, multidimensional outliers, input-output analysis, Spanish economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801890698 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801890698
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel angel Tarancon 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel angel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarancon 
Author-Name: Fernando Callejas 
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando 
Author-X-Name-Last: Callejas 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Michael Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: A Revision of the Tolerable Limits Approach: Searching for the Important Coefficients 
Abstract:
  A wide range of approaches are available for classifying coefficients
 according to their importance to an economy. The 'tolerable limits'
 approach is one that has been extensively written about. Nevertheless, it
 seems unsuitable for assessing the overall importance of a coefficient to
 an economy, but instead appears to be rather well suited for determining
 how much a selling sector depends upon its customers. We therefore suggest
 two alternative approaches for measuring a sector's importance to an
 economy. The first is an application of the concept of elasticity based on
 Sherman and Morrison's (1950) formula. The second approach applies linear
 programming. We compare these various alternatives using the domestic IO
 tables of eight European countries. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 75-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Tolerable limits, elasticity, linear programming, important coefficients, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801890714 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801890714
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul De Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Boer 
Title: Additive Structural Decomposition Analysis and Index Number Theory: An Empirical Application of the Montgomery Decomposition 
Abstract:
  In recent years, a large number of empirical articles on structural
 decomposition analysis, which aims at disentangling an aggregate change in
 a variable into its r factors, has been published in this journal.
 Commonly used methods are the average of the two polar decompositions and
 the average of all r! elementary decompositions (Dietzenbacher and Los,
 1998, D&L). We propose to use instead the 'ideal' Montgomery
 decomposition, which means that it satisfies the requirement of factor
 reversal imposed in index number theory. We prefer it to the methods
 previously mentioned. The average of the two polar decompositions is not
 'ideal', so that the outcome depends on the ordering of the factors. The
 average of all elementary decompositions is 'ideal', but requires the
 computation of an ever increasing number of decompositions when the number
 of factors increases. Application to the example of D&L (four factors)
 shows that the three methods yield results that are close to each other. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 97-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Additive decomposition, index number theory, structural decomposition analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801892066 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801892066
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wenfeng Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wenfeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Shintaro Kobayashi 
Author-X-Name-First: Shintaro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kobayashi 
Author-Name: Hajime Tanji 
Author-X-Name-First: Hajime 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanji 
Title: Updating an Input-Output Matrix with Sign-preservation: Some Improved Objective Functions and their Solutions 
Abstract:
  This paper presents an easy-to-use method for updating input-output (IO)
 matrices with sign-preservation by combining Lagrangian multipliers and
 penalty functions. Biproportional methods such as the representative RAS
 are very simple and popular because a target matrix can be obtained simply
 by iterative computation. However, they cannot reasonably deal with
 matrices that include negative entries. Although a generalized version,
 GRAS, can do so, its objective function is questionable. In contrast, some
 non-biproportional methods such as those that take weighted or unweighted
 squared differences between the target and original matrix as objective
 functions can deal with negative entries, but it is difficult to guarantee
 the signs of entries. In this study, GRAS and some conventional objective
 functions were improved and their solutions for preserving the signs of
 entries are presented. Comparisons of applying these objective functions
 to a simple example show that both the Improved Normalized Squared
 Differences (INSD) function and the Improved GRAS (IGRAS) function yield a
 good target matrix and are close to each other; we suggest that INSD or
 IGRAS be used for updating IO transaction matrices in practice. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 111-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Input-Output, RAS, objective function, sign-preservation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801892082 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801892082
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: Book Review 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 125-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310801892090 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310801892090
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 133-133 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075224 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075224
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Debresson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Debresson 
Title: China's Growing Pains - Recent Input-Output Research in China on China: Foreword 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 135-138 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075257 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075257
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Ju-E Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Ju-E 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: Yearly Grain Output Predictions in China 1980-2004 
Abstract:
  China has a population of 1.3 billion and grain accordingly plays a
 crucial role in the Chinese economy. In this paper we suggest predicting
 grain output mainly by factor inputs and asset holding, and present a
 Systematic Integrated Prediction Approach (SIPA). The key elements of SIPA
 are an extended input-output model with assets, nonlinear variable
 coefficient forecasting equations, and using the minimum sum of the
 absolute values. Since 1980 we have used the approach to predict the
 yearly national grain output of China. The prediction lead time is more
 than half a year. The bumper, average, and poor harvests are accurately
 predicted every year. The average error rate over the period 1980-2004 is
 1.9%. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 139-150 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Grain output prediction, Systematic Integrated Prediction Approach (SIPA), extended input-output model with assets, nonlinear forecasting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075273 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075273
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Jian Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Title: A Method to Optimize Gross Fixed Capital Investments for Water Conservancy in China 
Abstract:
  A major concern of policymakers and researchers in China is finding an
 appropriate size of the gross fixed capital investments for water
 conservancy (GFCIWC). This paper determines the optimal proportion of
 GFCIWC to GDP. Unlike engineering economics, we investigate the benefits
 of GFCIWC at a macro-economic level, using the 1999 input-output table
 extended for water conservancy. Different kinds of impacts are induced by
 GFCIWC. These include forward benefits (flood control, water supply,
 irrigation, hydroelectric power, soil and water conservation,
 environmental protection) and backward benefits for GDP; negative social
 effects; and opportunity costs of GFCIWC. The results are put into a set
 of regression equations between total benefits of GFCIWC and the
 proportion of GFCIWC to GDP, from which the optimal proportion - or a
 desirable range - can be determined. The results may provide policymakers
 with guidelines for allocating investments. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 151-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Water conservancy, gross fixed capital investments, input-output analysis, China, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075331 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075331
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiuli Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiuli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Methods for Approximating the Shadow Price of Water in China 
Abstract:
  Using the input-output tables for water conservancy for the nine major
 river basins in China in combination with linear programming techniques,
 we calculate the shadow prices of industrial water and productive water in
 the nine river basins. After the results are subjected to factor analysis,
 the shadow prices of industrial water and productive water are obtained
 for each Chinese province in 1999. Then, nonlinear models for calculating
 the shadow price of water in specific counties are given. They appear to
 be valuable tools for setting reasonable water prices and establishing a
 market for water in China. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 173-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Water resources, shadow price, input-output model, linear programming, nonlinear models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075349 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075349
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ning Ai 
Author-X-Name-First: Ning 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ai 
Author-Name: Karen Polenske 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polenske 
Title: Socioeconomic Impact Analysis of Yellow-dust Storms: An Approach and Case Study for Beijing 
Abstract:
  Dust storms can extensively disrupt socioeconomic activities and pose
 hazards to human health and the ecosystem; yet no one has made a
 systematic analysis of dust storms from an economic perspective. Using a
 case study for Beijing in 2000, we present a preliminary analysis of
 socioeconomic impacts of yellow-dust storms, integrating regional economic
 analysis models with environmental-economic evaluation techniques. Our
 analyses demonstrate that the costs of delayed effects of yellow-dust
 storms can be higher than those of the immediate effects, and that the
 impacts potentially caused by supply effects can be greater than those
 caused by demand effects. Because this is a preliminary analysis with
 extremely limited data, our primary purpose is not to produce precise
 numerical results, but to develop an integrated model that policy analysts
 can use and further improve in order to evaluate the comprehensive impacts
 of other phenomena with similar properties more accurately. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 187-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Dust storms, input-output analysis, socioeconomic impact analysis, China, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075364 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075364
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:187-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hongxia Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hongxia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: An Extended Input-Output Model on Education and the Shortfall of Human Capital in China 
Abstract:
  This paper proposes an extended input-output model on education.
 Production is divided into two subsystems, the education sector and the
 non-education sector. The education sector is reflected by both 'monetary
 flows' and 'student flows.' Second, static and dynamic extended
 input-output models, including human capital production and allocation,
 are built. Third, the 1999 Chinese extended input-output table on
 education is compiled. Based on this table, the relation between human
 capital production and national economic development is analyzed. In
 particular, it is found that too few university graduates are 'produced',
 while a surplus of young people with only primary-school education go into
 industry. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 205-221 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Extended input-output model with assets, human capital, education, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075414 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075414
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Shui Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin Shui 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: A Multi-sector Nonlinear Dynamic Input-Output Model with Human Capital 
Abstract:
  In this paper, a two-sector model of endogenous growth is extended to a
 multi-sector nonlinear dynamic input-output model. If the model is on its
 balanced growth path (where prices - but not quantities - are assumed
 constant over time), it can be shown that the linear dynamic Leontief
 model is a special case. At the same time, on its balanced growth path,
 our model can be interpreted as a CGE model. The model distinguishes n + 1
 sectors: n sectors producing physical goods, and one sector producing new
 human capital. A method is given for calculating the growth rate of GNP,
 the profit rate, the prices of goods, and the level of production when the
 model is on its balanced growth path. We point out the relation between
 the balanced growth rate and the profit rate. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 223-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Computable general equilibrium, balanced growth, Leontief linear input-output model, human capital, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802075463 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802075463
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Bonfiglio 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonfiglio 
Author-Name: Francesco Chelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chelli 
Title: Assessing the Behaviour of Non-Survey Methods for Constructing Regional Input-Output Tables through a Monte Carlo Simulation 
Abstract:
  The paper aims to analyse the behaviour of a battery of non-survey
 techniques of constructing regional I-O tables in estimating impact. For
 this aim, a Monte Carlo simulation, based on the generation of 'true'
 multiregional I-O tables, was carried out. By aggregating multi-regional
 I-O tables, national I-O tables were obtained. From the latter, indirect
 regional tables were derived through the application of various
 regionalisation methods and the relevant multipliers were compared with
 the 'true' multipliers using a set of statistics. Three aspects of the
 behaviour of the methods have been analysed: performances to reproduce
 'true' multipliers, variability of simulation error and direction of bias.
 The results have demonstrated that the Flegg et al. Location Quotient
 (FLQ) and its augmented version (AFLQ) represent an effective improvement
 of conventional techniques based on the use of location quotients in both
 reproducing 'true' multipliers and generating more stable simulation
 errors. In addition, the results have confirmed the existence of a
 tendency of the methods to over/underestimate impact. In the cases of the
 FLQ and the AFLQ, this tendency depends on the value of the parameter
 &#x3b4;. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 243-258 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Input-Output matrices, non-survey techniques, Monte Carlo simulation, regional policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802344315 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802344315
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giorgio Rampa 
Author-X-Name-First: Giorgio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rampa 
Title: Using Weighted Least Squares to Deflate Input-Output Tables 
Abstract:
  This article proposes a balancing procedure for the deflation of
 input-output (I-O) tables from the viewpoint of users. This is a
 'subjective' variant of the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method, already
 known in the literature. It is argued that it is more flexible than other
 methods, and it is shown that SWLS subsumes the first-order approximation
 of RAS as a special case. Flexibility is due to the facts that (a) users
 can attach differential 'reliability' weights to first (unbalanced)
 estimates, depending on the confidence they have in the different parts of
 their pre-balancing work, (b) differently from RAS, one is not bound to
 take any row or column total as exogenously given, and (c) additional
 constraints can be added to it. The article describes also how SWLS was
 utilised to estimate a yearly (1959-2000) series of constant-price I-O
 tables for the Italian economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 259-276 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: I-O tables, deflation, balancing, weighted least squares, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802344349 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802344349
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Massimiliano Mazzanti 
Author-X-Name-First: Massimiliano 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzanti 
Author-Name: Anna Montini 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Montini 
Author-Name: Roberto Zoboli 
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zoboli 
Title: Environmental Kuznets Curves for Air Pollutant Emissions in Italy: Evidence from Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) Panel Data 
Abstract:
  This paper provides new empirical evidence on delinking and Environmental
 Kuznets Curves (EKC) for greenhouse gases and other air pollutant
 emissions in Italy. A panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA (National
 Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts) for 1990-2001 is
 analysed. The highly disaggregated dataset (29 production branches, 12
 years and nine air emissions) provides a large heterogeneity and can help
 to overcome the shortcomings of the usual approach to EKC based on
 cross-country data. Both value added and capital stock per employee are
 used as alternative drivers for analysing sectoral NAMEA emissions. Trade
 openness at the same sectoral level is also introduced among the
 covariates. We find mixed evidence supporting the EKC hypothesis. The
 analysis of NAMEA-based data shows that some of the pollutants such as two
 greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and CO, produce inverted U-shaped curves
 with coherent within-range turning points. Other pollutants (SOX, NOX,
 PM10) show a monotonic or even N-shaped relationship. Macro sectoral
 disaggregated analysis highlights that the aggregated outcome should hide
 some heterogeneity across different groups of production branches
 (industry, manufacturing only and services). Services tend to present an
 inverted N-shape in most cases. Manufacturing industry shows a mix of
 inverted U and N-shapes, depending on the emission considered. The same is
 true for industry (all industries, not only manufacturing): although a
 turning point has been experienced, N-shapes may lead to increased
 emissions with respect to very high levels of the economic driver. In
 general, EKC evidence is more pronounced for greenhouse gases. The results
 suggest that analysis at macro sector (whole industry, manufacturing only
 and services) can be the most promising approach to future research on
 EKC. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 277-301 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Delinking, NAMEA, air pollutants, environmental Kuznets curves, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802344356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802344356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simona Cantono 
Author-X-Name-First: Simona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cantono 
Author-Name: Reinout Heijungs 
Author-X-Name-First: Reinout 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heijungs 
Author-Name: Rene Kleijn 
Author-X-Name-First: Rene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleijn 
Title: Environmental Accounting of Eco-innovations through Environmental Input-Output Analysis: The Case of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Buses 
Abstract:
  The introduction of environmentally friendly innovations in both
 transport and energy sectors are included in the list of priorities of the
 European Union political agenda. This paper investigates the environmental
 consequences of the introduction of hydrogen and fuel cells technology in
 the European economic system by applying environmental input-output
 analysis and life cycle assessment tools. Hydrogen is produced through the
 reforming of natural gas and it is employed in fuel cells buses that offer
 transport services to final consumers. We have built three scenarios based
 on different assumptions on the final demand. We have shown the results
 for three impact categories: global warming, photochemical oxidation and
 acidification. The results suggest that the use of hydrogen in fuel cells
 buses is only environmentally desirable if accompanied either by the
 employment of renewable sources or by carbon dioxide capture, or both. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 303-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Environmental input-output analysis, life cycle assessment, hydrogen and fuel cells technology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802346351 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802346351
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akiko Nakajima 
Author-X-Name-First: Akiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakajima 
Title: Total Labour Requirements and Value Added Productivity of Labour in the Process of Economic Development 
Abstract:
  When the inverse of the value added productivity of labour is regressed
 on total labour requirements (which is equivalent to labour values), a
 significant relationship is obtained. This indicates that the value added
 productivity of labour can be explained by total labour requirements
 (labour values). The mean value of the regression coefficients is about
 1.7. The regression coefficients have a tendency to increase during the
 process of rapid economic development and to decrease afterwards. Such
 movements are explained by value added linkages. This study is based on
 input-output analysis, where total labour requirements per monetary unit
 of output and the value added productivity of labour are calculated for
 each of 24 industries in Japan, Korea and USA, every 5 years between 1960
 to 1985. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 319-330 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Total labour requirements, value added productivity of labour, value added linkages, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802344380 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802344380
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: onder Nomaler 
Author-X-Name-First: onder 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nomaler 
Author-Name: Bart Verspagen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verspagen 
Title: Knowledge Flows, Patent Citations and the Impact of Science on Technology 
Abstract:
  Technological innovation depends on knowledge developed by scientific
 research. The number of citations made in patents to the scientific
 literature has been suggested as an indicator of this process of transfer
 of knowledge from science to technology. We provide an intersectoral
 insight into this indicator, by breaking down patent citations into a
 sector-to-sector matrix of knowledge flows. We then propose a method to
 analyze this matrix and construct various indicators of science intensity
 of sectors, and the pervasiveness of knowledge flows. Our results indicate
 that the traditional measure of the number of citations to science
 literature per patent captures important aspects of intersectoral
 knowledge flows, but that other aspects are not captured. In particular,
 we show that high science intensity implies that sectors are net suppliers
 of knowledge in the economic sector, but that science intensity does not
 say much about pervasiveness of either knowledge use or knowledge supply
 by sectors. We argue that these results are related to the specific and
 specialized nature of knowledge. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 339-366 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Knowledge input-output analysis, knowledge flow matrices, science-to-technology transfer, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551315 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551315
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esteban Fernandez-Vazquez 
Author-X-Name-First: Esteban 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez-Vazquez 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Author-Name: Carmen Ramos-Carvajal 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos-Carvajal 
Title: Using Additional Information in Structural Decomposition Analysis: The Path-based Approach 
Abstract:
  Structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is a well-known methodology to
 assess the relative importance of effects that together constitute the
 actual change in a variable of interest. A widely recognized problem of
 SDA is that the results often depend strongly on the specific
 decomposition formula chosen, while numerous formulae are equivalent from
 a theoretical point of view. This 'non-uniqueness' problem is often solved
 rather pragmatically, by reporting an average over (a subset of) all
 possible formulae. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses maximum
 entropy econometrics techniques to select a specific decomposition formula
 if additional information on one or more (but not all) determinants is
 available. We illustrate the method empirically by investigating the
 sources of change in real labour costs by industry in Spain, 1980-1994. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 367-394 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Structural decomposition analysis, maximum entropy econometrics, labour costs, Spain, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Dirk Stelder 
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stelder 
Author-Name: Satoshi Inomata 
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inomata 
Title: Estimating International Interindustry Linkages: Non-survey Simulations of the Asian-Pacific Economy 
Abstract:
  This paper evaluates a recently published semi-survey international
 input-output table for nine East-Asian countries and the USA with four
 non-survey estimation alternatives. A new generalized RAS procedure is
 used with stepwise increasing information from both import and export
 statistics as optimisation constraints on the four non-survey tables. The
 results show that the estimated table improves when increasing information
 from both sources is used, despite the well known inconsistencies between
 import and export data in trade statistics. It is concluded that the new
 procedure can be useful as a critical analysis of newly published
 (semi-)survey international tables and/or as an early updating tool during
 the construction process. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 395-414 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Non-survey estimates, international trade, input-output tables, East-Asia, United States, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551448 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:395-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Utz-Peter Reich 
Author-X-Name-First: Utz-Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reich 
Title: Additivity of Deflated Input-Output Tables in National Accounts 
Abstract:
  Input-output tables deflated by chained prices indices are not additive
 over product rows. This paper discusses the reasons and suggests a remedy.
 The new method proposed is based on a distinction, in concept, between
 'real value', on the one hand, and variation in 'volume', on the other.
 The first corrects for the monetary variation of the unit of account
 resulting from inflation, while the latter isolates the variation of one
 product price relative to the other products, caused by the forces of
 supply and demand on each individual commodity market. An example of the
 resulting growth analysis is compiled for the Dutch economy between years
 1990 and 2000. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 415-428 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Index numbers, double deflation, additivity, value added, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551455 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551455
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guang-Zhen Sun 
Author-X-Name-First: Guang-Zhen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun 
Title: The First Two Eigenvalues of Large Random Matrices and Brody's Hypothesis on the Stability of Large Input-Output Systems 
Abstract:
  Brody (1997) notices that for large random Leontief matrices, namely
 non-negative square matrices with all entries i.i.d., the ratio between
 the subdominant eigenvalue (in modulus) and the dominant eigenvalue
 declines generically to zero at a speed of the square root of the size of
 the matrix as the matrix size goes to infinity. Since then, several
 studies have been published in this journal in attempting to rigorously
 verify Brody's conjecture. This short article, drawing upon some theorems
 obtained in recent years in the literature on empirical spectral
 distribution of random matrices, offers a short proof of Brody's
 conjecture, and discusses briefly some related issues. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 429-432 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Spectra of random matrices, the Leontief matrix, convergence speed, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551471 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551471
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arup Mitra 
Author-X-Name-First: Arup 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra 
Title: Trade Liberalization and India's Informal Economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 433-434 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802551505 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802551505
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: EDITORIAL 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802688646 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802688646
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lining He 
Author-X-Name-First: Lining 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: INTERREGIONAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE 
Abstract:
  Significant economic disparities among China's Eastern, Central, and
 Western regions pose unequivocal challenges to social equality and
 political stability in the country. A major impediment to economic
 development, especially in the poor, remote Western region, is the
 shortage of a transportation infrastructure. The Chinese government has
 committed to substantial investment for improving the accessibility of
 this vast, land-locked region as a mechanism for promoting its
 development. The paper examines the impacts of the intended transportation
 infrastructure build-up on the Western region's comparative advantage and
 its interregional trade. The World Trade Model is extended to represent
 this investment and applied to determine interregional trade in China
 based on region-specific technologies, factor endowments and prices, and
 consumption patterns as well as the capacities and costs of carrying goods
 among regions using the interregional transportation infrastructure in
 place in the base year of 1997 and that planned for 2010 and 2020. The
 model is implemented for three regions, 27 sectors, and seven factors. The
 results indicate that the planned infrastructure build-up will be
 cost-effective, will increase benefits especially for the Western region,
 and that it can conserve energy overall at given levels of demand but
 substitute oil for coal. Based on these and other model results, some
 recommendations are offered about strategies for regional development in
 China. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Transportation infrastructure, Interregional trade, Regional development, China, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802703395 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802703395
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Blanca Gallego 
Author-X-Name-First: Blanca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallego 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: MATRIX BALANCING UNDER CONFLICTING INFORMATION 
Abstract:
  We have developed a generalised iterative scaling method (KRAS) that is
 able to balance and reconcile input-output tables and SAMs under
 conflicting external information and inconsistent constraints. Like
 earlier RAS variants, KRAS can: (a) handle constraints on arbitrarily
 sized and shaped subsets of matrix elements; (b) include reliability of
 the initial estimate and the external constraints; and (c) deal with
 negative values, and preserve the sign of matrix elements. Applying KRAS
 in four case studies, we find that, as with constrained optimisation, KRAS
 is able to find a compromise solution between inconsistent constraints.
 This feature does not exist in conventional RAS variants such as GRAS.
 KRAS can constitute a major advance for the practice of balancing
 input-output tables and Social Accounting Matrices, in that it removes the
 necessity of manually tracing inconsistencies in external information.
 This quality does not come at the expense of substantial programming and
 computational requirements (of conventional constrained optimisation
 techniques). 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 23-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Matrix balancing, Inconsistent constraints, Constrained optimisation, RAS, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802688661 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802688661
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: CALIBRATION OF CES FUNCTIONS FOR REAL-WORLD MULTISECTORAL MODELING 
Abstract:
  We show how to calibrate CES production and utility functions when
 indirect taxation affecting inputs and consumption is present. These
 calibrated functions can then be used in computable general equilibrium
 models. Taxation modifies the standard calibration procedures since any
 taxed good has two associated prices and a choice of reference value units
 has to be made. We also provide an example of computer code to solve the
 calibration of CES utilities under two alternate normalizations. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 45-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Calibration, CGE modeling, CES utility and cost functions, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902731270 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902731270
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-Name: Joerg Beutel 
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beutel 
Author-Name: Frederik Neuwahl 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neuwahl 
Author-Name: Ignazio Mongelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Ignazio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mongelli 
Author-Name: Andreas Loeschel 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Loeschel 
Title: A SYMMETRIC INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE FOR EU27: LATEST PROGRESS 
Abstract:
  The European Commission is currently establishing an Environmentally
 Extended Input-Output (EE-IO) Database for the EU27 developed by the Joint
 Research Centre at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
 (IPTS). This project attempts to generate an analytical dataset comprising
 all EU countries and yearly time series for the period 1995-2005. Since,
 for the time being, IO and environmental accounts data are only available
 with significant gaps part of the dataset will require estimates based on
 best available proxy data and reasonable assumptions. This paper is
 focused on the IO database shaped around Eurostat supply and use tables
 and symmetric IO tables consistent with the NACE classification. The paper
 describes the procedure by which the latest preliminary results have been
 obtained for an aggregate EU27 symmetric input-output table for the year
 2000. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 59-79 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Environmentally extended input-output tables, System of national accounts, European Union, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310802703429 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310802703429
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anders Hammer Str&#xf8;mman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Hammer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Str&#xf8;mman 
Title: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF INPUT-OUTPUT MATRIX UPDATING METHODS 
Abstract:
  This paper shows that important insights can be lost when assessing the
 relative performance of balancing methods solely based on individual
 optima. This is demonstrated through a multi-objective assessment. A
 trade-off curve between RAS and sign-preserving absolute differences
 (SPAD) is obtained based on the 60&#xd7;60 Norwegian 2001 input-output
 table. The trade-off curve takes on a form that is close to a step
 function. This demonstrates that the solution surface around the RAS and
 SPAD optimums are very flat. Solutions can be identified that improve on
 the other objective or measure with little or marginal cost to the
 original objective function. Motivation for the assessment is provided,
 the technique applied is presented and the implications of the findings
 are discussed in an input-output and industrial ecology context. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 81-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Matrix balancing, Mathematical programming, RAS, Sign-preserving absolute differences, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902737228 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902737228
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:81-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asao Ando 
Author-X-Name-First: Asao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ando 
Author-Name: Bo Meng 
Author-X-Name-First: Bo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meng 
Title: THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AND REGIONAL PRICE DIFFERENTIALS: A SPATIAL CGE MODEL FOR CHINESE PROVINCES 
Abstract:
  With regression formulas replaced by equilibrium conditions, a spatial
 CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model can substantially reduce data
 requirements. Detailed regional analyses are thus possible in countries
 where only limited regional statistics are available. Alhough regional
 price differentials play important roles in multiregional settings,
 transport does not receive much attention in existing models. This paper
 formulates a spatial CGE model that explicitly considers the transport
 sector and FOB/CIF prices. After describing the model, the performance of
 our model is evaluated by comparing the benchmark equilibrium for China
 with a survey-based interregional I-O table for 1987. The structure of
 Chinese economies is summarized using information obtained from the
 benchmark equilibrium computation. This includes regional and sectoral
 production distributions and price differentials. The equilibrium for 1997
 facilitates discussion of changes in regional economic structures that
 China has experienced in the decade. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 89-113 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: SCGE model, FOB/CIF prices, Transport sector, Chinese regional economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903009627 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903009627
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:89-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Bonfiglio 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonfiglio 
Title: ON THE PARAMETERIZATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR REPRESENTING REGIONAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURES 
Abstract:
  This paper is concerned with two parameterized methods of regionalising
 input-output coefficients: the Flegg et al. Location Quotient (FLQ) and
 its augmented version (AFLQ). For applying the two techniques, a parameter
 &#x3b4; has to be estimated. In this regard, the paper faces two matters
 that are still open in the literature: the existence of a range of &#x3b4;
 that can be used in different regions and the estimation of the most
 appropriate value of &#x3b4;. For this aim, a Monte Carlo simulation has
 been carried out in order to generate 'true' multiregional I-O tables
 randomly. From the simulation, analyses based on probability distributions
 and regression were also carried out. Finally, these simulation results
 have been compared with those of an empirical case. Results confirm that
 there is actually a range of values of &#x3b4; within which the best
 &#x3b4; is more likely to fall. For the FLQ, this range is centred on 0.3
 with an associated probability of 33% (if the width of the range is set at
 0.1), whereas, for the AFLQ, the relevant range is between 0.3 and 0.4
 with a probability by 38%. Finally, this paper provided a way to estimate
 the best &#x3b4; for a given region, without knowing the relevant and
 detailed economic structure at sectoral level. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 115-127 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Non-survey techniques, Input-output matrices, Monte Carlo simulation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902995727 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902995727
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:115-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandro Montresor 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Montresor 
Author-Name: Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti 
Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Vittucci 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marzetti 
Title: APPLYING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS TO INPUT-OUTPUT BASED INNOVATION MATRICES: AN ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATION TO SIX OECD TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR THE MIDDLE 1990s 
Abstract:
  The paper discusses, illustrates and possibly contributes to overcoming
 two methodological problems that emerge in applying Social Network
 Analysis (SNA) to the study of IO-based innovation flows matrices. The
 first has to do with the scale-effects these matrices suffer from. The
 second refers to the need of dichotomising the matrices. Through an
 illustrative application to six OECD countries in the mid-1990s, the paper
 shows that, as for the former problem, different relativisation procedures
 can be, and have been, used, which either tend to alter the actual meaning
 of standard SNA indicators, or do not properly take into account the
 actual composition of countries' final demand. As for the latter problem,
 the paper shows that the choice of discrete cut-offs is extremely
 sensitive, as comparative results actually change along the continuum of
 the matrices values. In order to overcome the scale problem, a new
 relativisation procedure is put forward that measures innovation flows
 embodied in a unit value basket of final demand and thus properly retains
 all the information provided by the original matrix of intersectoral
 innovation (embodied) flows. In addressing the problem of dichotomisation,
 the paper suggests, as a second best, to work with density distributions
 that can make the choice of discrete cut-off values less arbitrary. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 129-149 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Technological systems, Embodied innovation flows, Input-Output analysis, Network analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902940228 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902940228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:129-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amarendra Sahoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Amarendra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo 
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs 
Author-X-Name-Last: ten Raa 
Title: THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS IN INDIA 
Abstract:
  We evaluate the relative performance of formal and informal sectors in
 India by looking into their productivity difference. Recognizing the
 intersectoral linkages in the economy, the competitive general equilibrium
 prices are computed; these signal the productivities. Our model
 synthesizes frontier analysis with the general equilibrium approach to
 generate shadow prices. The formal activities are found to be more
 productive than the informal. However, the informal services sector is as
 efficient as the formal one. There would be an overall productivity gain
 of 22% to the economy if factors were allocated to productive activities.
 The shadow prices from the model indicate that the formal capital and
 informal capital are scarce factors, while it has been the opposite for
 formal (regular) and informal (casual) labour. Formal labour is more
 productive than its informal counterpart; formal capital and informal
 capital are equally productive. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 151-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Productivity, Formal and informal sectors, Competitive prices, General equilibrium, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902995719 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902995719
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:151-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul De Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Boer 
Title: MULTIPLICATIVE DECOMPOSITION AND INDEX NUMBER THEORY: AN EMPIRICAL APPLICATION OF THE SATO-VARTIA DECOMPOSITION 
Abstract:
  In de Boer (2008), additive decompositions of aggregate changes in a
 variable into its factors were considered. We proposed using the 'ideal'
 Montgomery decomposition, developed in index number theory as an
 alternative to the commonly used methods in structural decomposition
 analysis, and applied it to the example analyzed by Dietzenbacher and Los
 (1998) (D&L). In this paper we consider multiplicative decompositions and
 show that the method proposed by D&L of taking the geometric mean of all
 elementary decompositions is 'ideal'. However, it requires the computation
 of an ever-increasing number of decompositions when the number of factors
 increases. As an alternative, we propose using the Sato-Vartia
 decomposition, which is also 'ideal', but requires the computation of only
 one decomposition. Application to the example of D&L reveals that the two
 methods yield results that are very close to each other. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 163-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Multiplicative decomposition, Index number theory, Structural decomposition analysis, Siegel-Shapley decomposition, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310902937638 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310902937638
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:163-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Title: EDITORIAL: CARBON FOOTPRINT AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS - AN INTRODUCTION 
Abstract:
  This editorial is the introduction to a special issue of Economic Systems
 Research on the topic of carbon footprint and input-output analysis. It
 provides a brief historical context of the involvement of input-output
 analysis with applications in environmental research and makes the link to
 carbon footprint theory and practice. The six papers in this issue are
 briefly introduced. The aim of the special issue is to bring together the
 academic world of rigorous economic modelling and the practice of
 greenhouse gas accounting at various levels. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 175-186 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Carbon footprint, Input-output analysis, Greenhouse gas accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541256 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541256
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:175-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. C. Minx 
Author-X-Name-First: J. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minx 
Author-Name: T. Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Author-Name: R. Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: G. P. Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: G. P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: M. Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: A. Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Author-Name: K. Scott 
Author-X-Name-First: K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scott 
Author-Name: J. Barrett 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett 
Author-Name: K. Hubacek 
Author-X-Name-First: K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hubacek 
Author-Name: G. Baiocchi 
Author-X-Name-First: G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baiocchi 
Author-Name: A. Paul 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul 
Author-Name: E. Dawkins 
Author-X-Name-First: E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dawkins 
Author-Name: J. Briggs 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Briggs 
Author-Name: D. Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Author-Name: S. Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Author-Name: F. Ackerman 
Author-X-Name-First: F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ackerman 
Title: INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS AND CARBON FOOTPRINTING: AN OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS 
Abstract:
  This article provides an overview of how generalised multi-regional
 input-output models can be used for carbon footprint applications. We
 focus on the relevance and suitability of such evidence to inform decision
 making. Such an overview is currently missing. Drawing on UK results, we
 cover carbon footprint applications in seven areas: national emissions
 inventories and trade, emission drivers, economic sectors, supply chains,
 organisations, household consumption and lifestyles as well as
 sub-national emission inventories. The article highlights the multiple
 uses of generalised multi-regional input-output models for carbon
 footprinting and concludes by highlighting important avenues for future
 research. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 187-216 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Multi-regional input-output model, Carbon footprint, Emission inventory, Trade, Consumption-based accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541298 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541298
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:187-216




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Y. Anny Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Y. Anny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Christopher Weber 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber 
Author-Name: Joy Murray 
Author-X-Name-First: Joy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Murray 
Author-Name: H. Scott Matthews 
Author-X-Name-First: H. Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews 
Title: THE ROLE OF INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS FOR THE SCREENING OF CORPORATE CARBON FOOTPRINTS 
Abstract:
  In developing a standardised approach for companies to inventory
 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along their value chains, key challenges
 identified by stakeholders and technical experts include: which emissions
 sources a company should include in their inventory and how to calculate
 them, what constitutes a full list of indirect supply chain activities,
 and how to determine which activities from such a list are significant by
 application of a cut-off threshold. Using GHG accounting based on
 input-output models from Australia and the United States, this work
 presents specific case study examples and general results for broad
 industry sectors in both economies to address the development of a
 complete upstream carbon footprint for screening purposes. This is
 followed by an analysis of the issues surrounding application of cut-off
 thresholds and the relationship with system capture rate and efforts in
 carbon footprint analysis. This knowledge can inform decision makers about
 where to expend effort in gaining progressively greater accuracy for
 informed purchasing, investing, claiming carbon credits, and
 policy-making. The results from this work elucidate several findings:
 while it is probably true that some companies will know what sources
 contribute most significantly in the supply chain, this is not likely to
 be true for all. Contrary to common perception, scope 1&2 emissions are
 not always more significant than scope-3 sources, and, for some sectors,
 the largest sources of emissions may be buried further upstream than many
 companies may have previously perceived. Compiling a list of core elements
 of significance across all sectors may be problematic because these
 elements are not necessarily significant for most sectors. Lastly, the
 application of cut-off thresholds results in highly variable performance
 in footprint capture rate and is not a reliable criterion for including
 emission sources in GHG footprints. Input-output analysis is a powerful
 tool in informing supply-chain GHG accounting, and there is a need for
 plain language education, training, support materials and information to
 be made easily accessible to a global business community. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 217-242 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: GHG accounting, Carbon footprint, Input-output analysis, Structural path analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541348 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541348
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:217-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Christopher Dey 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dey 
Title: AUSTRALIA'S CARBON FOOTPRINT 
Abstract:
  This paper gives an overview of the construction techniques and methods
 used to assign greenhouse gas accounts to industry sectors and of the use
 of input-output analysis to subsequently calculate the carbon footprint of
 Australia. The work is motivated by the introduction of an
 emissions-trading scheme in Australia, and by the need for policy to be
 developed around the direct and indirect (life-cycle) greenhouse gas
 emissions of industries, especially with regards to the trade exposure of
 industries with large carbon footprints. Greenhouse gas multipliers, which
 show the carbon footprint intensity of consumption items, are calculated
 to gain insight into opportunities for 'greening' consumption. Key
 industries are identified in relation to both greenhouse gas emissions and
 economic importance. The effects of imports, exports and capital
 consumption are explored and a brief analysis of the change in greenhouse
 gas multipliers over time is given. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 243-266 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Australia, Input-output analysis, Carbon footprint, Greenhouse gas emissions, Sectoral analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541397 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541397
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:243-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai 
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai 
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Yasushi Kondo 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo 
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Author-Name: Rokuta Inaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Rokuta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inaba 
Author-Name: Kenichi Nakajima 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakajima 
Title: IMPROVING THE COMPLETENESS OF PRODUCT CARBON FOOTPRINTS USING A GLOBAL LINK INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL: THE CASE OF JAPAN 
Abstract:
  This paper is concerned with the main activities of Japan's 'Disclosure
 of CO2 emissions' programme, aimed at illustrating the CO2 emissions
 associated with consumer products as a 'carbon footprint' (CF). Although
 the current, provisional guidelines for calculating product carbon
 footprints specify that only the bottom-up approach is to be used for this
 purpose, this paper presents useful applications of input-output analysis
 that can improve the reliability of the method considerably, by taking
 full advantage of the strengths of input-output analysis. To this end, we
 first estimated the global carbon footprint (GCF) of food and consumables
 in Japan, using a global link input-output (GLIO) model comprising 804
 economic sectors in Japan and 230 foreign countries and regions. By
 visualizing the GCF on a world map, the global distribution (including
 Middle East and African countries) of the induced CO2 emissions of each of
 the Japanese sectors were identified. To investigate the scope for
 reducing the data collection burden for CF practitioners, GCFs were
 compared with CFs obtained using a single-region input-output model. This
 showed that there are certain commodity groups with a CF equating to 70%
 to over 90% of the corresponding GCF, even if the imported goods used for
 producing a Japanese domestic product are considered environmentally
 equivalent to their domestically produced counterparts. Furthermore, it
 was identified which data should preferably be collected by the bottom-up
 approach to secure CO2 emissions coverage greater than a certain
 predefined level and keep data and labour costs at a minimum. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 267-290 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Carbon footprint, Product category rules, Completeness, Embodied carbon intensity, Multiregional model, System boundary, Input-output analysis, Global model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541587 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541587
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:267-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harry Wilting 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilting 
Author-Name: Kees Vringer 
Author-X-Name-First: Kees 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vringer 
Title: CARBON AND LAND USE ACCOUNTING FROM A PRODUCER'S AND A cONSUMER'S PERSPECTIVE - AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION COVERING THE WORLD 
Abstract:
  National policies for reducing environmental pressures stemming from
 emissions and the use of natural resources usually adopt a producer
 approach, i.e. the legislation refers to pressures occurring within the
 territorial boundaries of a country. An alternative approach to
 environmental accounting is the consumer approach, which includes
 environmental pressures associated with imports for domestic consumption,
 wherever these pressures occur. The carbon footprint, for example, is such
 an approach, in which CO2 or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are considered
 from a consumer's perspective. The consumer approach may offer new ways
 for policies to reduce pressures, and therefore it would be interesting to
 adopt this perspective in national environmental policy-making and
 international negotiations. To gain insight into the differences between
 the approaches, this paper discusses the concepts of both, showing the
 results of an empirical analysis and going into the application of the two
 different perspectives in (international) environmental policies. Due to
 international trade, the environmental pressures accounted for in a
 producer's and a consumer's perspective are usually not the same for a
 country. This paper presents a worldwide overview, comparing the outcomes
 for the two approaches with regard to GHG emissions and land use, for 12
 world regions. Furthermore, for GHG emissions, a quantitative comparison
 was made between 87 countries and regions covering the world.
 Consumption-related GHG emissions and land use per capita were calculated
 with a full multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. MRIO analysis is an
 attractive method for footprint analyses in an international context. The
 research shows that, for most developed countries, GHG emissions and land
 use are higher in the consumer approach than in the producer approach. For
 most developing countries, the opposite is true. Before applying national
 targets to the consumer approach - for instance, in climate policies -
 further improvements and standardisation of methodology and data will be
 necessary. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 291-310 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Footprint analysis, Multi-region input-output analysis, Environmental accounting, Environmental policy, Responsibility, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541736 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541736
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:291-310




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robbie Andrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Robbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew 
Author-Name: Glen Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: James Lennox 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lennox 
Title: APPROXIMATION AND REGIONAL AGGREGATION IN MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS FOR NATIONAL CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING 
Abstract:
  Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis has been widely used to
 quantify the global environmental impacts (e.g. energy use, greenhouse gas
 emissions, water use) embodied in consumption and international trade.
 Often, analysts have used approximations to a full global MRIO model;
 however, without access to a full MRIO model the approximation errors are
 unknown. In this paper we use an MRIO model based on the dataset provided
 by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to quantify the errors
 introduced by various approximations of the full MRIO model. We find that
 emissions embodied in imports contribute an average 40% of the total
 emissions embodied in countries' final demands. For the emissions embodied
 in imports, we find: (a) that the unidirectional trade model gives a good
 approximation to the full MRIO model when the number of regions in the
 model is small; (b) that including only the most important trade partner
 in terms of emissions embodied in imports can substantially improve the
 accuracy of estimates; and (c) that a world-average input-output table
 often provides a good representation of the aggregate 'rest of world'
 economy. Finally, assuming that imports are produced with domestic
 technology (Domestic Technology Assumption, DTA) in an MRIO model can
 introduce significant errors and requires careful validation before
 results are used. However, the DTA generally produces better estimates
 than ignoring imports altogether. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 311-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Input-output analysis, Carbon footprint, Approximation, Trade and environment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903541751 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903541751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:311-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asuka Yamakawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Asuka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamakawa 
Author-Name: Glen Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Title: USING TIME-SERIES TO MEASURE UNCERTAINTY IN ENVIRONMENTAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
  Environmental Input-Output Analysis (EIOA) is a tool for environmental
 analysis of broad classes of sectoral activities, taking into account
 indirect effects in other sectors in the supply chain. The core of EIOA is
 an input-output table (IOT) and national accounting matrix including
 environmental accounts (NAMEA) for a fixed base-year. We evaluate the
 uncertainty in EIOA using a time series of current-price IOT and NAMEA for
 13 years from 1990 to 2002. We find annual variations in the current-price
 IOT and NAMEA, which may represent either realistic changes in production
 or measurement error. We assume the changes are errors and apply a
 regression analysis to remove the trends from the underlying data and
 estimate the uncertainty in the raw IOT. We then calculate the emissions
 for various final users and sectors to estimate the uncertainties from
 typical EIOA investigations. Using Monte Carlo analysis, we then
 investigate how well the variations in the current-price IOT and NAMEA
 over time may represent uncertainties. The results of this work have
 several implications for both statistical offices and the analyst.
 Statistical offices can provide details on data sources, methodologies,
 and estimates of annual variations. Analysts can incorporate this
 uncertainty information to understand the implications of uncertainty on
 their calculations and ultimately the policy recommendations derived from
 their studies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 337-362 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Environmental input-output analysis, NAMEA, Uncertainty, National accounts, Monte Carlo analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903444766 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903444766
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:337-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Title: THE CHOICE OF MODEL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INDUSTRY COEFFICIENTS MATRICES 
Abstract:
  Kop Jansen and ten Raa's (1990) characterization of product-by-product
 input-output tables was adopted by the United Nations (1993). Recent OECD
 and several EU funded projects, however, used industry-by-industry tables,
 which raises comparable issues concerning their construction. We show how
 their two main construction models are instances of the transfer
 principle, with alternative assumptions on the variation of input-output
 coefficients across product markets. We augment the theory by formulating
 desirable properties for industry tables and investigate the so-called
 fixed product and fixed industry sales structure models, which are used by
 statistical institutes. The fixed industry sales structure model is shown
 to be superior from an axiomatic point of view. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 363-376 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Input-output tables, Axiomatic approach, Industry tables, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903208344 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903208344
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:363-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Euijune Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Euijune 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: AN APPLICATION OF AN INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORK - MULTIREGIONAL CGE MODEL TO THE CALIBRATION OF SYNERGY EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY INVESTMENTS 
Abstract:
  A transportation network-multiregional CGE model is applied to estimate
 the synergy effects of a set of highway projects on value added by region
 and industrial sector. This synergy effect is defined as a difference
 between the summation of the net GDP increase from the development of each
 highway sub-link without spatial linkage and the change in GDP resulting
 from the concurrent development of all links with spatial linkages. Among
 nine east-west highways in Korea, the East-West 9 highway increases the
 GDP by 0.3% over the 30-year time period horizon, with 0.016% of the GDP
 due to the synergy effect. The East-West 9 highway has the largest synergy
 effect of US$0.164 billion per year on the manufacturing sector of Kwangju
 Metropolitan Area, resulting in a gain in a regional GRP per capita of
 US$15.88 per year. Since most synergy effects are generated in less
 developed regions, highway development can contribute to the reduction in
 regional disparities. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 377-397 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Computable general equilibrium model, Transportation investment, Synergy effect, Regional social accounting matrix, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903444758 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903444758
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:377-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Lemelin 
Author-X-Name-First: Andre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemelin 
Title: A GRAS VARIANT SOLVING FOR MINIMUM INFORMATION LOSS 
Abstract:
  The fundamental idea in Junius and Oosterhaven (2003) is to break down
 the information contained in the a priori data into two parts: algebraic
 signs, and absolute values. This approach is well grounded in information
 theory, and provides a basis on which to solve the problem of adjusting
 matrices with negative entries. However, Junius and Oosterhaven (2003)
 have formulated a target function that is not equivalent to the Kullback
 and Leibler (1951) cross-entropy measure, and so is not a representation
 of the minimum information loss principle. Neither is the alternative
 target function proposed by Lenzen et al. (2007). This paper develops the
 exact Kullback and Leibler cross-entropy measure. In addition, following
 the constrained optimization approach, this paper applies the same
 principle to solve adjustment problems where row-sums, column-sums or both
 are constrained to zero. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 399-408 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: RAS matrix balancing, Negative entries, GRAS, Minimum cross-entropy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003589310 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003589310
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:399-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanni Cerulli 
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cerulli 
Author-Name: Bianca Poti` 
Author-X-Name-First: Bianca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poti` 
Title: MEASURING INTERSECTORAL KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS: AN APPLICATION OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TO ITALY 
Abstract:
  R&D spillovers are unanimously considered as one of the main driving
 forces of technical change, innovation and economic growth. This paper
 aims at measuring interindustry R&D spillovers. We apply an
 'uncertainty-sensitivity analysis' to the Italian input-output table of
 intermediate goods split into 31 economic sectors for the year 2000. The
 value added of using this methodology is the opportunity of distinguishing
 between spillover effects induced by productive linkages (the Leontief
 forward multipliers) and those activated by R&D investments, capturing the
 uncertain and non-linear nature of the relations between spillovers and
 factors affecting them. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 409-436 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: R&D spillovers, Input-output models, Sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903569216 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903569216
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:409-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Norbert Rainer 
Author-X-Name-First: Norbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rainer 
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs 
Author-X-Name-Last: ten Raa 
Author-Name: Joaquim Jose Martins Guilhoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Joaquim Jose Martins 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guilhoto 
Author-Name: Jodie Gonzalez Jennings 
Author-X-Name-First: Jodie Gonzalez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jennings 
Author-Name: Jose Rueda-Cantuch 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuch 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Bent Thage 
Author-X-Name-First: Bent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thage 
Author-Name: Klaus Hubacek 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hubacek 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Author-Name: Christof Paparella 
Author-X-Name-First: Christof 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paparella 
Title: Annual Report 2008 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 437-445 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535310903561924 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535310903561924
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:437-445




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: EDITORIAL 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003715550 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003715550
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Orsi 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orsi 
Author-Name: Joost Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Title: PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF WORKFORCE-BASED DISRUPTIONS AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS OF INTERDEPENDENT RIPPLE EFFECTS 
Abstract:
  This paper extends the formulation of the input-output model to account
 for events that cause time varying and probabilistic workforce
 disruptions. One example of such an event is a pandemic, because the rates
 with which it affects the working population vary from period to period
 and are coupled with uncertainties. To address such complexities, the
 paper develops two extensions: (i) a method of translating unavailable
 workforce into a measure of sector productivity disruption, and (ii) a
 simulation framework to account for the possible variations in economic
 output losses. These extensions are implemented via a MATLAB program to
 simulate a pandemic scenario in the Commonwealth of Virginia. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 3-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Dynamic inoperability input-output model, Pandemic, Workforce disruptions, Virginia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003612419 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003612419
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:3-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Jan Minx 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minx 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Dabo Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: Dabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Author-Name: Rocky Harris 
Author-X-Name-First: Rocky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris 
Title: A CARBON FOOTPRINT TIME SERIES OF THE UK - RESULTS FROM A MULTI-REGION INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL 
Abstract:
  The framework and results of an international multi-region input-output
 (MRIO) model for the UK are presented. A time series of balanced
 input-output tables for the UK was constructed for the period 1992 to 2004
 by using a matrix balancing procedure that is able to handle conflicting
 external data and inconsistent constraints. Detailed sectoral and
 country-specific trade data for the UK were compiled and reconciled with
 the UK input-output data, and economic and environmental accounts for
 three world regions were integrated in a UK-specific MRIO model. This was
 subsequently used to calculate a time series of national carbon footprints
 for the UK from 1992 to 2004. Greenhouse gas emissions embedded in UK
 trade are distinguished by destination of imports to intermediate and
 final demand. Most greenhouse gases show a significant increase over time
 in consumer emissions and a widening gap between producer and consumer
 emissions. Net CO2 emissions embedded in UK imports increased from 4.3% of
 producer emissions in 1992 to a maximum of 20% in 2002. The total
 estimated UK carbon footprint in 2004 was 730 Mt for CO2 and 934 Mt CO2
 equivalents for all greenhouse gases. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 19-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Multi-region input-output model, Embedded greenhouse gas emissions, Carbon footprint, Consumer emissions, Balance of emissions embedded in trade (BEET), UK, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003612591 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003612591
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:19-42




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Title: UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR MULTI-REGION INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS - A CASE STUDY OF THE UK'S CARBON FOOTPRINT 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews and demonstrates methods available for estimating
 standard deviations for carbon multipliers in a multi-regional
 input-output (MRIO) framework. We attempt to capture all possible
 variations of underlying data and calculation procedures in a global MRIO
 model constructed with particular focus on the UK. We consider these
 variations to be random, and determine the stochastic variation of the
 whole MRIO system using Monte Carlo techniques. 5000 simulation runs were
 carried out to determine the standard deviations of multipliers. From
 these, the standard deviations of components of the UK's carbon footprint
 were estimated using error propagation. We estimate an 89% probability
 that the UK's carbon footprint has increased between 1994 and 2004. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 43-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Uncertainty, Multi-region input-output analysis, Monte Carlo analysis, Errors, UK, Carbon footprint, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003661226 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003661226
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:43-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mauricio Bittencourt 
Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bittencourt 
Author-Name: Donald Larson 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Larson 
Author-Name: David Kraybill 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraybill 
Title: REGIONAL SHORT-RUN EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN BRAZIL 
Abstract:
  We use a single-country multi-regional computable general equilibrium
 model to evaluate regional short-run impacts of reduction in import
 tariffs resulting from recent free trade area agreements, on poverty and
 distribution of income in Brazil. Results show that trade can reduce
 inter-regional income inequality, but poor urban households lose with
 trade liberalization. Trade policy alone is not sufficient for achieving
 more equitable income distribution goals in Brazil. Without greater
 investment in human and physical capital, incomes in most regions of
 Brazil are likely to lag behind incomes in the South/Southeast, the most
 developed regions in the country. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 65-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Trade liberalization, Income distribution, CGE models, Brazil, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003677628 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003677628
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:65-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang Seung 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seung 
Author-Name: Edward Waters 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waters 
Title: EVALUATING SUPPLY-SIDE AND DEMAND-SIDE SHOCKS FOR FISHERIES: A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM (CGE) MODEL FOR ALASKA 
Abstract:
  This study used computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to
 investigate the economic effects of three exogenous shocks to Alaska
 fisheries: (1) reduction in pollock allowable catch (TAC); (2) increase in
 fuel price; and (3) reduction in demand for seafood. Two different model
 versions, 'Keynesian' and 'neoclassical', were used to estimate impacts on
 endogenous output, employment, value added, and household income. By using
 a CGE model, this study overcomes the limitations of fixed-price models
 (such as input-output models) including (1) inability to calculate welfare
 effects due to fixed prices; and (2) difficulty of addressing supply-side
 shocks. There are currently few examples of CGE studies addressing
 fisheries issues appearing in the literature. Among those, this study is
 unique in that it uses a relatively disaggregated sector scheme and
 examines both supply-side and demand-side shocks. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 87-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Computable general equilibrium, Alaska, Fisheries impacts, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535311003677636 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535311003677636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:87-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marisa Civardi 
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Civardi 
Author-Name: Rosaria Vega Pansini 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosaria Vega 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pansini 
Author-Name: Renata Targetti Lenti 
Author-X-Name-First: Renata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Targetti Lenti 
Title: EXTENSIONS TO THE MULTIPLIER DECOMPOSITION APPROACH IN A SAM FRAMEWORK: AN APPLICATION TO VIETNAM 
Abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to provide an extension of a technique recently
 introduced by Pyatt and Round (2006) to decompose each element of the
 'global multiplier matrix' in 'microscopic detail' in order to capture the
 linkages between each household groups' income and the exogenously
 injected income of other accounts. The methodology we propose allows
 dividing the impact of exogenous injections into four different effects:
 direct-direct effect (D-D); direct-indirect effect (D-I); indirect-direct
 effect (I-D) and indirect-indirect effect (I-I). Results using the 2000
 Vietnamese SAM show that the highest direct effects on the income of
 household groups are related to exogenous injections into the agricultural
 sector, while the highest indirect effects result from investing in other
 agriculture-related sectors such as, for example, food processing. Policy
 interventions focusing on the agricultural sector and on rural households
 will thus have the greatest effect on reducing the level of income
 inequality. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 111-128 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Income distribution, Social Accounting Matrix, Multiplier decomposition, Inequality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.483224 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.483224
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:111-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Codrina Rada 
Author-X-Name-First: Codrina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rada 
Title: FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS IN CHINA AND INDIA 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the estimation of a social accounting matrix that
 distinguishes between formal and informal activities for China and India
 for 2000 and 1998-99 respectively. Wage shares for formal/informal
 employment in China and net domestic product shares for
 organized/unorganized sectors in India are used as weights to calculate
 the size of the two sectors. The proposed methodology is a first step
 towards an integrated approach to account for the dualism of many
 economies in the developing world. The results can serve as data input for
 any policy-driven CGE model for developing countries. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 129-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Informal sector, Social accounting matrix, Comparative economic systems, China, India, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.482924 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.482924
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Charlie Benrimoj 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Benrimoj 
Author-Name: Bob Kotic 
Author-X-Name-First: Bob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotic 
Title: INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS FOR BUSINESS PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY 
Abstract:
  We present a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model of the University of
 Sydney embedded in the Australian economy, which forms the centrepiece of
 a new data-driven framework for strategic forecasting and planning of the
 University's financial operations. This framework incorporates both
 Leontief's well-known demand-pull, as well as Ghosh's supply-push
 exercise. It is therefore able to estimate the immediate financial
 implications for the University, and the economy-wide flow-on effects, for
 example as a result of changes in demand for courses by students, or as a
 result of supply-side changes such as wage increases. We report on recent
 scenario studies on the financial performance of the teaching and research
 functions of the University, and the lessons learned for management
 practice. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 155-179 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: IO enterprise model, Demand-pull, Supply-push, Structural path analysis, University finance, Teaching versus research, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.484012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.484012
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:155-179




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ayu Washizu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ayu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Washizu 
Author-Name: Satoshi Nakano 
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakano 
Title: ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CONSUMER LIFESTYLES - USING A JAPANESE ENVIRONMENTAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE AND THE LINEAR EXPENDITURE SYSTEM DEMAND FUNCTION 
Abstract:
  In this study, we undertake some hypothetical experiments and predict the
 environmental effects of some changes in consumer behavior, using the
 Japanese Input-Output Table and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey
 for 2000. We estimate the demand function in a linear expenditure system
 (LES) and attempt to determine how changes in consumer behavior affect the
 environmental load induced by household consumption, using the
 'willingness to pay' concept. Furthermore, we define an index to show the
 eco-efficiency of consumer behavior. Through such a study, we can
 determine what action is appropriate for a 'sustainable consumption'
 society. If some change of consumer behavior greatly improved utility
 while increasing the environmental load, then technological progress to
 reduce the environmental load must be stimulated. However, if other
 changes in consumer behavior increase the environmental load while not
 improving utility very much, then such changes should be strongly
 discouraged. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 181-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Sustainable consumption, Environmental household account, CO2 emission score, Eco-efficiency, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.488218 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.488218
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:181-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul de Boer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Boer 
Author-Name: Marco Missaglia 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Missaglia 
Title: PREDICTING NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE SECOND INTIFADA: AN EX-POST EVALUATION OF SOME MODELS 
Abstract:
  In 2003, the World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
 de Boer and Missaglia (DBM) constructed models for the estimation of the
 2002 macro-economic indicators of the economy of Palestine. In 2007, IMF
 and WB provided the consensus estimates of these figures using data that
 are more up-to-date and more complete than those available in 2003. This
 note proposes an ex-post evaluation of the predictive performance of the
 models of WB, DBM and IMF. A comparison of the models of WB and DBM, which
 are both micro-founded computable general equilibrium models using the
 same data, reveals that DBM strongly outperforms WB. We argue that the
 shortening of the time horizon and the quantity adjustment following the
 dramatic shock explain why our model performs much better. A comparison of
 DBM with IMF (a simple macro-founded income-expenditure model) also shows
 that our model performs better. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 193-199 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Predictive performance, Macro-economic indicators, Palestine, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.484013 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.484013
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:193-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ignazio Mongelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Ignazio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mongelli 
Author-Name: Frederik Neuwahl 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neuwahl 
Author-Name: Jose Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Title: INTEGRATING A HOUSEHOLD DEMAND SYSTEM IN THE INPUT-OUTPUT FRAMEWORK. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MODELLING IMPLICATIONS 
Abstract:
  In this paper we argue that an accurate representation of household
 consumption behaviour is central to the analysis and comparison of policy
 interventions addressing sustainable consumption. Therefore, we propose to
 extend an input-output model with a specific household consumption model,
 at the core of which is a system of equations explaining the allocation of
 the households' overall expenditure across different purposes, such as
 buying food, the consumption of fuel for heating or electricity for
 cooling, education of children or travelling in terms of total expenditure
 and relative prices. This paper shows that the integration of a specific
 module for household consumption in a standard input-output model is an
 improvement for the analysis of the policies aimed at altering consumer
 behaviour. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 201-222 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Sustainable consumption analysis, Econometric input-output model, Household demand system, Consumption technology, Purchasers' versus basic prices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.501428 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.501428
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:201-222




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose San Cristobal 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: San Cristobal 
Title: AN ENVIRONMENTAL/INPUT-OUTPUT LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL TO REACH THE TARGETS FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SET BY THE KYOTO PROTOCOL 
Abstract:
  The Kyoto Protocol contains legally binding targets for greenhouse gas
 (GHG) emissions for industrialized countries. The importance of this
 agreement and the elaboration of a climate change policy make it necessary
 to define and establish national policy measures and to bring into force
 environmental regulations that will reduce GHG emissions. Extending our
 knowledge of the economic-ecologic relationships that exist within the
 production sphere can assist in defining and implementing successful
 environmental policies. In this paper, an Environmental/Input-Output
 linear programming model is proposed. To develop the model we consider the
 input-output model as a linear programming problem combining two types of
 restrictions: environmental restrictions establishing GHG emission
 targets, and economic restrictions. The model shows how targets for the
 emissions of GHGs may be reached and can affect production activity
 composition. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 223-236 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Greenhouse gases, Kyoto Protocol, Environment, Input-Output, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.495709 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.495709
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfgang Koller 
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koller 
Author-Name: Robert Stehrer 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stehrer 
Title: TRADE INTEGRATION, OUTSOURCING AND EMPLOYMENT IN AUSTRIA: A DECOMPOSITION APPROACH 
Abstract:
  Outsourcing and trade integration of advanced countries is debated with
 respect to employment effects, in particular for low educated workers - at
 least in relative terms. We study the employment effects - differentiated
 by educational attainment levels - of changes in the patterns of trade
 integration and outsourcing in the Austrian economy over the periods
 1995-2000 and 2000-2005 using hierarchical decomposition analysis based on
 deflated input-output tables. Outsourcing is modeled as changes in the
 shares of domestically produced intermediates in total intermediates. A
 similar decomposition of the final demand vector allows us to draw
 conclusions on the overall employment effects of trade integration. The
 results suggest that the expected negative employment effects of
 outsourcing and rising import penetration have been overcompensated by
 increasing exports. Thus, the overall employment effects of Austrian trade
 integration have been positive for all educational attainment groups.
 However, whereas the total effects have been strongest for medium and high
 educated workers over the period 1995-2000, employment of low educated
 workers have been strongest and positively affected over the period
 2000-2005. This pattern can be explained by a more sluggish export
 performance together with stronger negative effects of outsourcing and
 import penetration in medium and high-skill intensive products. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 237-261 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Outsourcing, Employment, Hierarchical decomposition, Input-output modeling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.493504 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.493504
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Smajgl 
Author-X-Name-First: Alex 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smajgl 
Author-Name: Ludwig Liagre 
Author-X-Name-First: Ludwig 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liagre 
Title: ANALYSING IMPLICATIONS OF LIMITED WATER AVAILABILITY FOR GREAT BARRIER REEF CATCHMENTS 
Abstract:
  Dependence on water is one of the factors that can determine regional
 vulnerability in Australia. Climate change is predicted to change rainfall
 patterns in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region, and scarce water
 resources have the potential to make regional Queensland economies
 increasingly vulnerable. Understanding which economic sectors depend on
 water as an input factor helps in understanding sectoral and regional
 vulnerability, and thus in guiding regional policy aimed at structural
 change. Using a regional Queensland Input-Output (IO) model, this paper
 integrates water consumption of the GBR region and then compares monetary
 IO multipliers with water consumption multipliers. We argue that these IO
 multipliers can inform regional decision makers about potential future
 regional vulnerability by taking into account limited water resources. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 263-277 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Input-output modelling, Water consumption multipliers, Water resource management, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.496447 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.496447
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:263-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Salgueiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perobelli 
Author-Name: Eduardo Amaral Haddad 
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Amaral 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad 
Author-Name: Jaime Bonet Moron 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaime Bonet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moron 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: STRUCTURAL INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG COLOMBIAN DEPARTMENTS 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes structural interdependence among Colombian
 departments. The results show that Bogota has a large influence on the
 other regional economies through the power of its purchases. Additionally,
 a center-periphery pattern emerges in the spatial concentration of the
 effects of the hypothetical extraction of any territory. From a policy
 point of view, the main findings reaffirm the role played by Bogota in the
 recent polarization process observed in the regional economies in
 Colombia. Any policy action oriented to reduce these regional disparities
 should take into account that, given the structural interdependence among
 Colombian departments, the effects of new investment in the lagged regions
 would flow through Bogota and the major regional economies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 279-300 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Input-output, Extraction method, Colombia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.510467 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.510467
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:279-300




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Utz-Peter Reich 
Author-X-Name-First: Utz-Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reich 
Title: The National Accounts as a Tool for Analysis and Policy: In View of History, Economic Theory and Data Compilation Issues 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 301-303 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.492776 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.492776
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:301-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Author-Name: Albert Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Title: TOURISM STUDIES AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS: INTRODUCTION TO A SPECIAL ISSUE 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 305-311 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.525741 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.525741
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:305-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bjarne Madsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bjarne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madsen 
Author-Name: Jie Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: TOWARDS A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR ACCOUNTING AND MODELLING THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM 
Abstract:
  We identify four different approaches to estimate the regional and local
 impacts of tourism based on national accounts and economic modelling: The
 supply approach, the simple demand or commodity approach, the simple
 satellite account approach involving tourism satellite accounts based on
 social accounting, and the extended satellite account approach. Based upon
 a general interregional quantity model for tourism, empirical evidence on
 the impacts of tourism on 98 Danish municipalities is presented. We
 conclude that the four approaches give very different results, both in
 absolute and in relative terms. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 313-340 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Tourism satellite accounts, Model evaluation, Regional impacts, Social accounting matrix, Denmark, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.529067 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.529067
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:313-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calvin Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Calvin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones 
Author-Name: Max Munday 
Author-X-Name-First: Max 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munday 
Title: TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS FOR REGIONS? A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND AN ALTERNATIVE 
Abstract:
  The extension of the tourism satellite account (TSA) to the regional
 scale is an opportunity for regional policymakers to undertake consistent
 and defensible analyses of the tourism economy and its interconnections
 based upon high-quality and comparable data. However, limitations in the
 TSA structure will need to be resolved before policy useful analysis can
 become the rule rather than the exception. The paper reviews the
 development of TSAs at sub-national levels and goes on to examine their
 usefulness to policymakers, and how far problems with the framework can be
 overcome in a practical manner. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 341-358 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Tourism Satellite Accounts, Sub-national level, Regional tourism economic accounts, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.526594 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.526594
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:341-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Author-Name: Annemieke Van De Steeg 
Author-X-Name-First: Annemieke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van De Steeg 
Title: TOURISM MULTIPLIERS FOR A SMALL CARIBBEAN ISLAND STATE; THE CASE OF ARUBA 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we study the importance of tourism for Aruba, a small
 Caribbean island state within the Kingdom of The Netherlands. We present
 an input-output table based on the National Accounts and the Tourism
 Satellite Account for Aruba, with inbound tourism explicitly included, for
 the year 1999. Several types of multipliers are discussed. Each multiplier
 is relevant within a particular framework, but the choice between them is
 not always obvious. This paper tries to clarify a number of issues in
 their usage as they present themselves in the context of the study of
 tourism in Aruba. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 359-384 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Tourism impacts, Island economy, Tourism Satellite Account, Input-output multipliers, Aruba, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.526926 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.526926
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:359-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Cline 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cline 
Author-Name: Andrew Seidl 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seidl 
Title: COMBINING NON-MARKET VALUATION AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS FOR COMMUNITY TOURISM PLANNING: OPEN SPACE AND WATER QUALITY VALUES IN COLORADO, USA 
Abstract:
  We use a combination of non-market valuation and input-output approaches
 to inform community scale planning for natural-resource based tourism
 development in rural Colorado. Contingent behavior and trip expenditure
 information are used in conjunction with IMPLAN input-output software to
 simulate the likely regional economic effects of changes in local
 environmental attributes. Visitor surveys reveal sensitivity to the amount
 of ranch open space and local water quality resulting in discernable
 regional economic effects should these valuable dimensions of the local
 environment change. The likely total, direct, indirect, and induced
 effects and implications on local residents and tourists of a sales tax,
 mill levy, and hotel occupancy ('bed') tax to preserve ranch open space
 and maintain local water quality are simulated. The losses offset from
 maintaining environmental quality are found to significantly outweigh the
 regional impacts of any of the tax policies. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 385-405 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Non-market valuation, Input-output analysis, Local environmental change, Tourism planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.525740 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.525740
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:385-405




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mara Manente 
Author-X-Name-First: Mara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manente 
Author-Name: Michele Zanette 
Author-X-Name-First: Michele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zanette 
Title: MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A VAT REDUCTION IN THE ITALIAN HOTELS & RESTAURANTS INDUSTRY 
Abstract:
  The paper tests the effects on the Italian economy of a fiscal measure
 aimed at lowering the VAT rate from 10% to 5% in the Italian 'Hotels and
 Restaurants' sector. The analysis focuses first on the impacts in terms of
 tourism consumption, investments of the sector and public budget.
 Thereafter, by means of a multiregional-multisectoral input-output model,
 the increase on the total employment levels by sector and by region has
 been estimated. Based on a tourism demand elasticity of -1.06 and a supply
 elasticity of 2.0, tourist nights would increase by a maximum of 3.15% and
 total tourism consumption by 4.4%, while gross fixed investments by the
 sector would increase by 2.17%. As for the budget constraint, we have
 calculated the final 'cost' of the fiscal measure for the Treasury.
 Concerning the macroeconomic effects in terms of employment, the fiscal
 measure would produce a total increase of almost 100,000 jobs (expressed
 in fulltime equivalents). 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 407-425 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Tourism policy, Tax policy, Value Added Tax, Input-output model, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.526927 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.526927
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ya-Yen Sun 
Author-X-Name-First: Ya-Yen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun 
Author-Name: Kam-Fai Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam-Fai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Title: AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN JOB ESTIMATION: A NONLINEAR JOBS-TO-SALES RATIO WITH RESPECT TO CAPACITY UTILIZATION 
Abstract:
  Many tools for economic impact evaluation, such as input-output models
 and computable general equilibrium models, rely on the jobs-to-sales ratio
 (JSR) to convert direct, indirect and induced effects of sales into
 employment. For service sectors, this ratio is strongly influenced by
 capacity utilization and exhibits a non-linear pattern, especially for
 short-term tourism applications that involve dramatic demand fluctuations
 as a consequence of mega events, natural disasters or societal
 instability. The purpose of this study is to decompose the relationship
 between capacity utilization and the JSR so that the underlying factors
 that cause the instability of JSR can be identified. Time-series data from
 the Taiwanese tourist hotels and aviation sectors are adopted to discuss
 the strength of the relations between price per unit and capacity
 utilization, total employee numbers and utilization, service capacity and
 utilization, and labor efficiency and utilization, respectively. The
 results indicate that the adjustment of labor efficiency is the prominent
 factor in determining the stability of the jobs-to-sales ratio, while
 price, to employee number and service capacity are relatively stable in
 response to demand, leading to changing JSRs. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 427-446 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Capacity utilization, Jobs-to-sales ratio, Accommodation sector, Aviation sector, Input-output analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.526595 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.526595
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Viveka Palm 
Author-X-Name-First: Viveka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palm 
Title: BOOK REVIEW 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 447-448 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.497356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.497356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masako Tsujimura 
Author-X-Name-First: Masako 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura 
Author-Name: Kazusuke Tsujimura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazusuke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura 
Title: BALANCE SHEET ECONOMICS OF THE SUBPRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS 
Abstract:
  As Copeland (1947; 1952) demonstrated with his money-flows accounts more
 than half a century ago, the balance sheets of economic entities are
 closely interrelated through a lender-borrower relationship. This paper is
 an attempt to describe the US subprime mortgage crisis in the framework of
 'balance sheet economics', which was originally proposed by Stone (1966)
 and Klein (1977; 1983). Since it is almost impossible to collect all the
 balance sheets of economic entities, we use flow-of-funds accounts instead
 to simulate the negative consequences resulting from home mortgage
 delinquencies. We show that the pass-through sequence converges when the
 original delinquency is made up by loss of net worth in any of the
 economic entities. Most of the eventual loss is incurred by 'Households
 and Nonprofit Organizations' and 'Rest of the World'. A portion of
 pass-through loss is eventually incurred by foreign countries with excess
 external assets, such as Japan, Ireland, etc. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Flow-of-funds accounts, Leontief inverse, Lender-borrower relationship, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.523414 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.523414
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edgar Hertwich 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertwich 
Title: THE LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CONSUMPTION 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews assessments of environmental impacts arising from
 consumption, taking into account the production and disposal of goods
 consumed. Assessments have mostly focused on understanding household
 consumption, but there is an increasing interest in understanding
 government consumption, as well as in the treatment of gross capital
 formation and trade. National economic and environmental accounts are the
 most frequently used data source for such studies and input-output
 techniques are usually applied. For many OECD countries and a few
 developing countries, assessments address only energy or greenhouse gas
 emissions. Few studies address a broader range of emissions-related
 environmental impacts. There is a lack of consideration for important
 pressures on ecosystems such as habitat change and overexploitation of
 fisheries and forests. In all countries, housing and food are important.
 In poor countries, public services can contribute substantially, while in
 rich countries, mobility and the consumption of manufactured goods is
 important. In rapidly developing economies, investments, especially in
 infrastructure and buildings, are important causes of environmental
 pressure as well. Differences in production conditions and pollution
 intensities across countries are substantial, so explicitly modelling the
 production of internationally traded goods using multi-regional
 input-output analysis is necessary to account correctly for the
 environmental impacts arising from the consumption of imported goods. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 27-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Household environmental impact, Product policy, Environmentally extended input-output analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.536905 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.536905
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicola Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith 
Author-Name: Garry McDonald 
Author-X-Name-First: Garry 
Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald 
Title: ESTIMATION OF SYMMETRIC INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES: AN EXTENSION TO BOHLIN AND WIDELL 
Abstract:
  This paper presents two optimisation models for use in the production of
 symmetric input-output tables (SIOTs) based on data contained within
 supply-use tables (SUTs). The first model produces commodity-by-commodity
 SIOTs derived from the selection of appropriate technology assumptions,
 while the second produces industry-by-industry SIOTs derived through the
 selection of appropriate sales structure assumptions. Both models address
 the problem of negative coefficients and also permit the use of
 rectangular SUTs as base input data. Additionally, this paper explores the
 development of a 'comprehensive model' enabling production of both
 commodity-by-commodity and industry-by-industry SIOTs that are
 conceptually and mathematically consistent. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 49-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Input-output model, Technology assumptions, Sales structure assumptions, Optimisation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.534977 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.534977
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:1:p:49-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: AGGREGATION VERSUS DISAGGREGATION IN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 
Abstract:
  Analysts carrying out input-output analyses of environmental issues are
 often plagued by environmental and input-output data existing in different
 classifications, with environmentally sensitive sectors sometimes being
 aggregated in the economic input-output database. In principle there are
 two alternatives for dealing with such misalignment: either environmental
 data have to be aggregated into the input-output classification, which
 entails an undesirable loss of information, or input-output data have to
 be disaggregated based on fragmentary information. In this article, I show
 that disaggregation of input-output data, even if based on few real data
 points, is superior to aggregating environmental data in determining
 input-output multipliers. This is especially true if the disaggregated
 sectors are heterogeneous with respect to their economic and environmental
 characteristics. The results of this work may help analysts in
 understanding that disaggregation based on even a small amount of proxy
 information can improve the accuracy of input-output multipliers
 significantly. Perhaps, these results will also provide encouragement for
 preferring model disaggregation to aggregation in future work. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 73-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Aggregation, Disaggregation, Environmentally-extended input-output analysis, Stochastic experiments, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.548793 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.548793
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umed Temurshoev 
Author-X-Name-First: Umed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Temurshoev 
Author-Name: Colin Webb 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb 
Author-Name: Norihiko Yamano 
Author-X-Name-First: Norihiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamano 
Title: PROJECTION OF SUPPLY AND USE TABLES: METHODS AND THEIR EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT 
Abstract:
  We present eight existing projection methods and test their relative
 performance in estimating Supply and Use tables (SUTs) of the Netherlands
 and Spain. Some of the methods presented have received little attention in
 the literature, and some have been slightly revised to better deal with
 negative elements and preserve the signs of original matrix entries. We
 find that (G)RAS and the methods proposed by Harthoorn and van Dalen
 (1987) and Kuroda (1988) produce the best estimates for the data in
 question. Their relative success also suggests the stability of ratios of
 larger transactions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 91-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Supply, Use, Updating techniques, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.534978 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.534978
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:1:p:91-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ines Costa 
Author-X-Name-First: Ines 
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa 
Title: The Dynamics of Regions and Networks in Industrial Ecosystems 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 125-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.524885 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.524885
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:1:p:125-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glen Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: Robbie Andrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Robbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew 
Author-Name: James Lennox 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lennox 
Title: CONSTRUCTING AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-EXTENDED MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE USING THE GTAP DATABASE 
Abstract:
  The use of Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis (MRIOA) for understanding
 global environmental problems is growing rapidly. Renewed interest in
 MRIOA has led to several large research projects focused on constructing
 detailed and accurate MRIOTs. However, very few researchers have made use
 of the already available and regularly updated database produced by the
 Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). We demonstrate and discuss how the
 GTAP database can be converted into an MRIOT without the need for
 additional balancing. An illustrative example uses the GTAP-MRIO to
 reallocate carbon dioxide emissions from producing to consuming countries.
 We suggest that an MRIOT that treats international transport exogenously
 is adequate until more reliable data on international transport margins
 and emissions are available. To focus resources and refine methods, a
 concerted research effort is needed to compare the results of the
 GTAP-MRIO model with the new MRIO datasets under development. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 131-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: GTAP, Multi-region input-output analysis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.563234 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.563234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:131-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Casler 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Casler 
Title: COEFFICIENT CHANGE, PRICE EFFECTS, AND IMPLICIT ELASTICITIES: ESTIMATING MICROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OVER TWO TIME PERIODS 
Abstract:
  This paper presents and estimates an input-output model in which input
 coefficient changes are functions of changing prices. The model produces
 results that mirror the characteristics of input demand functions based on
 the model of cost minimization subject to producing a desired level of
 output. It does not rely on the specification of a functional form for
 input coefficients, and it does not require the use of assumptions
 regarding the elasticity of substitution. Instead, it allows the actual
 price and coefficient changes that occur between periods to identify the
 implicit elasticities and own- and cross-price derivatives. Using this
 model, it is shown how accurate measures of price effects, including the
 full array of own and cross-elasticities of demand, can be estimated for
 models comprising up to 15 sectors given data for only two time periods. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 153-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Input-output analysis, Structural decomposition, Input demand, Elasticity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.572869 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.572869
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: CONSTRUCTION, STABILITY AND PREDICTABILITY OF AN INPUT-OUTPUT TIME-SERIES FOR AUSTRALIA 
Abstract:
  This paper documents the development of a time series of Australian
 input-output tables. It describes the construction techniques employed in
 order to overcome the major issues encountered. Environmentally important
 processes were delineated using a range of detailed commodity data, thus
 expanding the original tables from roughly 100 industries into a
 temporally consistent 344 industries. Data confidentiality and
 inconsistency were overcome using an iterative constrained optimisation
 method called KRAS - a recent modification of RAS (Lenzen et al. 2006;
 2007; 2009). The article concludes by analysing the stability of
 input-output coefficients over time similar to work in Dietzenbacher and
 Hoen (2006). The issue of stability of coefficients and multipliers was
 investigated under the Leontief and Ghosh models of supply/demand.
 Finally, the predictability of the models was examined under updated final
 demand or primary inputs and over varying time scales. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 175-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Input-output analysis, Time series, Constrained optimisation, Stability, Predictability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.564156 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.564156
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kash Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Kash 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Author-Name: Claudio Rocco S. 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rocco S. 
Title: EVALUATING UNCERTAINTY IN RISK-BASED INTERDEPENDENCY MODELING WITH INTERVAL ARITHMETIC 
Abstract:
  Several sources of uncertainty exist in the effort to quantify the
 efficacy of preparedness decision-making in interdependent systems. For
 the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), a risk-based extension of the
 traditional Leontief model, which describes the propagation of
 inoperability throughout interconnected economic sectors, uncertainty is
 manifested in parameters describing the strength of interdependencies
 among sectors and in parameters describing the adverse impacts of a
 disruptive event, among others. As the model is used to evaluate
 preparedness options to reduce the impact of these disruptive events, such
 uncertainty can impact decision-making efforts. This paper introduces
 interval arithmetic as an approach for dealing with uncertainties in the
 IIM when probability distributions are not known and only variable bounds
 are available. Illustrative examples highlight the use of the approach as
 well as a means to improve the evaluation and comparison of risk
 management strategies in interdependent systems when only intervals are
 known. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 213-232 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Inoperability input-output model, Interval arithmetic, Sensitivity, Uncertainty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.572064 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.572064
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:213-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gulay Gunluk-Senesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Gulay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gunluk-Senesen 
Author-Name: Umit Senesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Umit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Senesen 
Title: DECOMPOSITION OF LABOUR DEMAND BY EMPLOYER SECTORS AND GENDER: FINDINGS FOR MAJOR EXPORTING SECTORS IN TURKEY 
Abstract:
  This paper attempts to provide insight into the likely impacts of the
 current global crisis on employment in Turkey. As this crisis hits the
 Turkish economy through a demand squeeze in the international market, our
 focus is on the labour demand generated by major export sectors. The
 decomposition of impacts with respect to gender is of particular interest
 given the significant gender imbalances in the labour market. The findings
 indicate that female (male) employment is most sensitive to wearing
 apparel (trade) exports. In general, employment generation potentials of
 major export sectors are found to be weaker for females and stronger in
 agriculture, trade and finance, while they are very limited in
 manufacturing for both genders. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 233-253 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Impact analysis, Gender, Labour demand, Multipliers, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.582031 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.582031
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: Designing Public Policies. An Approach Based on Multi-criteria Analysis and Computable General Equilibrium Modeling 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 255-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.541229 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.541229
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:255-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Lager 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lager 
Title: OBITUARY 
Abstract:
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 259-260 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.569534 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2011.569534
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:259-260




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jos�   M. Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos�   M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Title: ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS BASED ON RECTANGULAR SUPPLY-USE TABLES 
Abstract:
  This paper formalises the so-called Supply-Use Based Econometric (SUBE)
 approach that allows for the introduction of econometric analysis in the
 calculation of backward input--output multipliers of the Leontief-type
 quantity model, using rectangular supply and use tables. The SUBE approach
 does not require any kind of inverse matrix and incorporates the
 traditional approach (with square supply-use tables) as a particular case.
 The empirical analysis shows that the SUBE carbon dioxide multipliers for
 the EU27 are considerably lower than those obtained by the traditional
 Leontief inverse. In an application of the SUBE approach, the European
 economy appears to emit about 10% less carbon dioxide than in a situation
 in which it would not import any intermediate inputs from outside the
 EU27. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 261-280 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.604768 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.604768 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:261-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Author-Name: Stephen   H. Levine 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen   H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine 
Title: SECTORS MAY USE MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES SIMULTANEOUSLY: THE RECTANGULAR CHOICE-OF-TECHNOLOGY MODEL WITH BINDING FACTOR CONSTRAINTS 
Abstract:
  We develop the rectangular choice-of-technology model with factor
 constraints, or RCOT, a linear programming input--output model for
 analysis of the economy of a single region. It allows for one or more
 sectors to operate more than one technology simultaneously, with the
 relatively lowest-cost one supplemented by others if it encounters a
 binding factor constraint. The RCOT model solves for sector outputs, goods
 prices that are set by the highest-cost technologies in use, and scarcity
 rents that correspond to binding factor constraints experienced by the
 lower-cost technologies. The model is motivated by the fact that mineral
 deposits of different qualities may be exploited simultaneously, as may
 primary and recycled sources for the same materials or irrigated and
 rain-fed techniques for producing the same crop. RCOT generalizes Carter's
 square choice-of-technology model, in particular adding the factor
 constraints that allow several alternatives to operate simultaneously. The
 Appendix gives a numerical example. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 281-302 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.571238 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.571238 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:281-302




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asuka Yamakawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Asuka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamakawa 
Author-Name: Glen   P.  Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen   P. 
Author-X-Name-Last:  Peters 
Title: STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN NORWAY 1990--2002 
Abstract:
  The goal of this study is twofold: first, to quantify the economic
 factors driving greenhouse gas emissions in Norway, and second, to assess
 if random variations in the data affect the results. We use structural
 decomposition analysis (SDA) with chained constant price input--output
 tables and environmental extensions. We construct three sets of
 constant-price data using a smoothing algorithm to remove random
 variations from the data, and find that the results of the SDA are
 relatively robust to these variations. The production of exports was
 responsible for around 70% of the growth in greenhouse gas emissions from
 1990 to 2002, household consumption of domestically produced products for
 about 15%, government 10%, with the remainder due to gross capital
 formation. The dominance of exports in the emissions growth may make
 future greenhouse gas mitigation challenging in Norway, particularly
 considering that the exports are dominated by oil and gas production. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 303-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2010.549461 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2010.549461 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:303-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana-Isabel Guerra 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana-Isabel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: REVISITING THE ORIGINAL GHOSH MODEL: CAN IT BE MADE MORE PLAUSIBLE?<break/>  
Abstract:
  We reconsider in this paper the alleged implausibility of Ghosh's model
 and we do so reformulating the model to incorporate an alternative closure
 rule. Our proposed closure rule is in line with the original allocation
 rules defined by A. Ghosh. The closure solves, to some extent, the
 implausibility problem that was pointed out by Oosterhaven, for then
 value-added is correctly computed and responsive to allocation changes
 resulting from supply shocks. Some numerical examples illustrate the
 sectoral and aggregate consistency of the allocation equilibrium. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 319-328 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.566261 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.566261 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:319-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Athena Belegri--roboli 
Author-X-Name-First: Athena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Belegri--roboli 
Author-Name: Maria Markaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Markaki 
Author-Name: Panayotis   G. Michaelides 
Author-X-Name-First: Panayotis   G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Michaelides 
Title: LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY CHANGES AND WORKING TIME: THE CASE OF GREECE<break/>  
Abstract:
  In terms of the annual hours worked per employee, Greece ranks first
 among EU-15 countries and second among OECD countries. In this context,
 the austerity measures it adopted (as suggested by the EU and IMF) imply,
 among other things, a reduction in the over-hours. If such reductions were
 not to be accompanied by increases in labour productivity, output would be
 reduced considerably. This paper therefore addresses the question:
 &#x201C;What change in sectoral labour productivity levels would have been
 required to deliver the actual change in final demands in Greece between
 1995 and 2005, if working hours in each sector had been reduced to their
 EU averages?&#x201D; In this framework, we develop a methodology for
 calculating labour productivity change by sector of economic activity in
 an input--output context. Next, we apply it to the Greek economy for the
 time period 1995--2005, the most recent period for which the required data
 are available. We find that the required productivity changes are the most
 substantial for the hotels and restaurants sector, followed by machinery
 manufacturing and the trade sectors. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 329-339 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.595777 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.595777 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:329-339




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter   L. Daniels 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter   L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Steven   J. Kenway 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven   J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kenway 
Title: THE INS AND OUTS OF WATER USE -- A REVIEW OF MULTI-REGION INPUT--OUTPUT ANALYSIS AND WATER FOOTPRINTS FOR REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND POLICY 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews current knowledge about water footprints (WFs) and the
 role of input--output techniques. We first provide an overview of the
 prevailing &#x2018;bottom-up&#x2019;, process-based methods and their
 strengths and limitations. This overview leads to discussion of the
 benefits of combining process-based water footprints with information from
 input--output techniques. The central theme and proposition is that
 environmental multi-region input--output analysis (E-MRIO) has a powerful
 capacity to establish the geography of embodied water, and to complement
 process-based approaches to WF by expanding their supply-chain coverage.
 Combining process and input--output information provides valuable
 information for a diverse set of water planning and water policy
 objectives. A comprehensive and systematic outline of potential policy
 applications of E-MRIO (and process analysis methods) is presented. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 353-370 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.633500 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.633500 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:353-370




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos L&#xF3;pez-Morales 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: L&#xF3;pez-Morales 
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: POLICIES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER IN MEXICO: A SCENARIO ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
  Water stress in Mexico is intimately linked to agriculture, as irrigation
 claims 75% of national water withdrawals. The Mexican mix of irrigation
 technologies is dominated by flood techniques, utilized on 93% of
 irrigated land, while drip and sprinkler systems, both with higher
 application efficiencies, are utilized on only 7% of irrigated land. This
 paper examines the extent to which government policies can induce the
 adoption of alternative irrigation technologies to promote a sustainable
 pattern of water withdrawals. The framework is an inter-regional
 input--output model formulated as a linear program that solves for
 cost-minimizing allocations of output that are constrained by regional
 factor availability. The model features endogenous choice among
 alternative agricultural technologies and determines commodity prices
 based on factor costs and on scarcity rents for limiting factors of
 production. The study defines and quantifies sustainable endowments of
 water at the regional level and analyzes scenarios that combine fees or
 caps on water withdrawals with the availability of alternative irrigation
 technologies. We find that water policies can induce technology adoption
 to achieve water sustainability, although the national price of
 agricultural output rises 5% to 8% relative to baseline levels.
 Furthermore, pricing water for irrigation can generate enough public
 revenue for the government to cover the full costs of technology adoption. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 387-407 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.635138 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.635138 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:387-407




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ignacio Cazcarro 
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazcarro 
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte 
Author-Name: Julio   Sanchez Choliz 
Author-X-Name-First: Julio   Sanchez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choliz 
Author-Name: Cristina Sarasa 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarasa 
Title: WATER RATES AND THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECT, INDIRECT AND END-USERS IN SPAIN 
Abstract:
  Irrigation is the main user of water in Spain, and the price paid for
 this resource has long been lower than its cost. The recent EU Water
 Framework Directive requires that all costs be recovered, but application
 has had perverse effects. In some cases, farms have become economically
 unviable, while in others, cultivation has intensified and water
 consumption has increased. This paper applies a slightly modified version
 of the computable general equilibrium model developed by the International
 Food Policy Research Institute (Lofgren et al., 2002), to a SAM (Social
 Accounting Matrix) of the province of Huesca in north-eastern Spain. The
 model disaggregates the agricultural sectors into irrigated and
 unirrigated farming, taking into account the improvements in irrigation
 efficiency. Within this framework, we analyse different payment scenarios
 affecting direct users, exporters and end-users in order to examine user
 responsibilities, the impact of international markets and macroeconomic
 effects on agriculture and industry in Spain. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 409-430 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.611794 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.611794 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:409-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuoying Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuoying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Minjun Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Minjun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Hong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Ashok Chapagain 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashok 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapagain 
Title: AN INPUT--OUTPUT ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN VIRTUAL WATER TRADE AND THE IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES AND USES IN CHINA 
Abstract:
  This study investigates the impacts of China's international trade on its
 water resources and uses between 2002 and 2007. The results show a
 significant increase in water use efficiency in most sectors, especially
 the manufacturing sectors. However, the total net virtual water exported
 increased by about 75%, from 39.0&#x2009;&#xD7;&#x2009;10-super-9
 m-super-3 to 68.2&#x2009;&#xD7;&#x2009;10-super-9 m-super-3. The ratio of
 net virtual water exports to the total water resources of the country
 increased from 1.8% to 3.1%. In water-scarce North China, the ratio
 increased from 3.6% to 5.1%, which indicates a growing water resources
 pressure. The share of the net virtual water exports in the total water
 use in China increased from 7% to 12%. The results suggest that China's
 economic gains from intensifying international trade came with high costs
 regarding its water resources. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 431-446 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.636733 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.636733 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:431-446




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: EDITORS' REPORT 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 447-448 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.634677 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.634677 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:447-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Title: ADDING SUPPLY-DRIVEN CONSUMPTION MAKES THE GHOSH MODEL EVEN MORE IMPLAUSIBLE 
Abstract:
  Guerra and Sancho (2011) argue that adding a supply-driven consumption
 function to the Ghosh model diminishes its implausibility in the case of
 centrally planned economies. Extending the Leontief model with a
 demand-driven consumption function does make that model more realistic.
 Extending the Ghosh model, however, makes it even more implausible in the
 case of a market economy, while it becomes even more problematic as a
 guide for a centrally planned economy. The prime reason is that
 complementarities between inputs are negated, not only for firms, but now
 also for households. Consequently, industry and aggregate output may now
 increase, while corresponding value added decreases, and vice versa. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 101-111 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.635137 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.635137 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:101-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Author-Name: Soo   Jung Ha 
Author-X-Name-First: Soo   Jung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha 
Author-Name: Geoffrey   J.D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey   J.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Peter Mcgregor 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcgregor 
Author-Name: Kim Swales 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swales 
Title: ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ARMINGTON IMPORT ELASTICITIES FOR A REGIONAL CGE MODEL OF THE ILLINOIS ECONOMY 
Abstract:
  One of the main concerns associated with the development and use of
 regional CGE models is the determination of key parameter values,
 particularly substitution and other price elasticities. A common problem
 is the lack of appropriate regional data for econometric estimation.
 Consequently, it is important to identify key parameters that are likely
 to be important in determining quantitative results and then to prioritize
 these for estimation where appropriate data are available. In this paper,
 the focus is on the estimation of the regional trade (import) substitution
 parameters, which tend to be important in analysis for regional economies
 (given their openness to trade). Here, commodity import elasticities for
 the Illinois economy are estimated and tested in a single region CGE model
 of the Illinois economy. In our econometric estimation, we apply a model
 that takes account of market size and distance in estimating the
 substitutability between commodities produced in Illinois and other US
 states. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.645800 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.645800 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:1-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manuel   Alejandro Cardenete 
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel   Alejandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardenete 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Title: THE ROLE OF SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS IN MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
  Multiplier analysis based upon the information contained in Leontief's
 inverse is undoubtedly part of the core of the input--output methodology
 and numerous applications and extensions have been developed that exploit
 its informational content, both at the national and regional levels.
 Nonetheless there are some implicit theoretical assumptions whose policy
 implications need to be assessed. This is the case for the &#x2018;excess
 capacity&#x2019; assumption, which implies that resources are available as
 needed to adjust production to new equilibrium states. In an actual
 economy, however, new resources are often scarce and always costly. When
 supply constraints intervene, the assessment of the effects of government
 demand policies may be substantially different from that of the standard
 Leontief multiplier matrix. Using a closed general equilibrium model that
 incorporates supply constraints, we perform some simple numerical
 exercises and proceed to derive two &#x2018;constrained&#x2019; multiplier
 matrices, based upon the implicit Jacobian matrix, that can be compared
 with the standard &#x2018;unconstrained&#x2019; Leontief matrix. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 21-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.615824 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.615824 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:21-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnieszka Gehringer 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gehringer 
Title: A NEW SECTORAL TAXONOMY BASED ON PECUNIARY KNOWLEDGE EXTERNALITIES: KNOWLEDGE INTERACTIONS IN A VERTICALLY INTEGRATED SYSTEM 
Abstract:
  The paper presents a new sectoral taxonomy that focuses on the existence
 of non-negligible external effects that derive from user--producer
 knowledge interactions. These are coupled with intermediate goods
 transactions, in a system of vertically integrated manufacturing and
 services sectors. These externalities, the so-called pecuniary knowledge
 externalities, are the main source of changing technological conditions
 experienced by downstream producers. A distinguishing feature of the
 taxonomy lies in its derivation from a particularly dynamic context of
 changing production functions. The taxonomy is empirically derived,
 examining effects generated by technological knowledge in a system of
 intermediate goods transactions and taking into account peculiar
 characteristics of sectors in European economies. The results allow for a
 classification of sectors in five groups. An analysis of these classes
 confirms previous evidence that technological characteristics of sectors
 across classes differ. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 35-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.646959 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.646959 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:35-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dimitrios Hristu-Varsakelis 
Author-X-Name-First: Dimitrios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hristu-Varsakelis 
Author-Name: Stella Karagianni 
Author-X-Name-First: Stella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karagianni 
Author-Name: Maria Pempetzoglou 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pempetzoglou 
Author-Name: Athanasios Sfetsos 
Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sfetsos 
Title: OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION IN THE GREEK ECONOMY: EXPLORING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND SOLID WASTE VIA INPUT--OUTPUT ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
  We explore an input--output based framework for optimizing production in
 the Greek economy, under constraints relating to energy use, final demand,
 greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste. Using empirical data, we
 consider the effects on the maximum attainable gross value of production
 when imposing various pollution abatement targets. Our results quantify
 those effects as well as the magnitude of economic sacrifices required to
 achieve environmental goals, in a series of policy scenarios of practical
 importance. Because air pollution and solid waste are not produced
 independently of one another, we identify the settings in which it is
 meaningful to institute a separate policy for mitigating each pollutant,
 versus those in which only one pollutant needs to be actively addressed.
 The scenarios considered here represent a range of options that could be
 available to policy makers, depending on the country's international
 commitments and the effects on economic and environmental variables. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 57-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.572065 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.572065 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:57-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barun Deb Pal 
Author-X-Name-First: Barun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deb Pal 
Author-Name: Sanjib Pohit 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjib 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pohit 
Author-Name: Joyashree Roy 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyashree 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy 
Title: SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX FOR INDIA 
Abstract:
  This paper provides the latest Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of the year
 2003--2004 for the Indian economy with a wide variety of disaggregation
 for the Energy sector and the sectors that are relevant for environmental
 and climate policy evaluation. This SAM shows the interaction between
 production, income, consumption and capital accumulation. It can be used
 to provide an analysis of the interrelationship between the production
 structure of an economy and the distribution of incomes and expenditures
 of different household groups. In addition, it can be used for multiplier
 analysis to capture direct, indirect and induced impact on input use due
 to any exogenous changes in the economy. This SAM consists of 85 sectors
 of the economy, three factors of production and nine categories of
 occupational households. The Indian economy is becoming structurally
 biased towards capital intensive sectors, such as service and energy
 production. The energy production sector itself is the most energy
 intensive sector as of 2003--2004. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 77-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.618824 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.618824 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:77-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsten   S. Wiebe 
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten   S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebe 
Author-Name: Martin Bruckner 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruckner 
Author-Name: Stefan Giljum 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giljum 
Author-Name: Christian Lutz 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz 
Title: CALCULATING ENERGY-RELATED CO<sub>2</sub> EMISSIONS EMBODIED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE USING A GLOBAL INPUT--OUTPUT MODEL 
Abstract:
  The Global Resource Accounting Model (GRAM) is an
 environmentally-extended multi-regional input--output model, covering 48
 sectors in 53 countries and two regions. Next to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions,
 GRAM also includes different resource categories. Using GRAM, we are able
 to estimate the amount of carbon emissions embodied in international trade
 for each year between 1995 and 2005. These results include all origins and
 destinations of emissions, so that emissions can be allocated to countries
 consuming the products that embody these emissions. Net-CO<sub>2</sub>
 imports of OECD countries increased by 80% between 1995 and 2005. These
 findings become particularly relevant, as the externalisation of
 environmental burden through international trade might be an effective
 strategy for industrialised countries to maintain high environmental
 quality within their own borders, while externalising the negative
 environmental consequences of their consumption processes to other parts
 of the world. This paper focuses on the methodological aspects and data
 requirements of the model, and shows results for selected countries and
 aggregated regions. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 113-139 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.643293 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.643293 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:113-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harry   C. Wilting 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry   C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilting 
Title: SENSITIVITY AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN MRIO MODELLING; SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS WITH REGARD TO THE DUTCH CARBON FOOTPRINT 
Abstract:
  Environmental multi-regional input--output (MRIO) models require large
 amounts of data that all have their specific uncertainties. This paper
 presents a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in order to gain an
 understanding of the directions in which efforts should be made to reduce
 these uncertainties. The analyses were carried out for an MRIO model to
 calculate the Dutch carbon footprint. A sensitivity analysis of the
 technical coefficients showed that changes in the coefficients in the
 domestic blocks and in the Dutch import blocks had the largest effects on
 the calculated footprint. The uncertainty analysis consisting of a Monte
 Carlo simulation based on probability distributions around the model
 coefficients showed a relatively low degree of uncertainty in the total
 Dutch carbon footprint; uncertainties in the carbon emissions allocated to
 regions, sectors and products were larger. Both analyses showed that, in
 certain cases, it is justified to apply a partial MRIO analysis. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 141-171 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.628302 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.628302 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:141-171




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana L.M. Sargento 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana L.M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sargento 
Author-Name: Pedro   Nogueira Ramos 
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro   Nogueira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos 
Author-Name: Geoffrey J.D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: INTER-REGIONAL TRADE FLOW ESTIMATION THROUGH NON-SURVEY MODELS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT 
Abstract:
  Inter-regional trade estimation has been pointed out as a crucial problem
 when constructing a multiregional input--output system. Knowledge of
 inter-regional trade flows, at least of the pooled volume of exports and
 imports by commodity, is critical in accounting for important spillover
 and feedback effects deriving from inter-regional linkages. However, in
 most countries, there are no completely reliable survey-based statistics
 on inter-regional trade. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the
 reasonability of using indirect inter-regional trade estimates, comparing
 different estimating methods and assessing the sensitivity of the model
 results. Based on our empirical comparisons we conclude that input--output
 models are not greatly affected by the insertion of different trade
 values. Thus, our results support the use of indirect estimates for
 inter-regional trade, whenever survey-based data are unavailable. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 173-193 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.574609 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.574609 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:173-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danny Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Danny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Author-Name: Oana Secrieru 
Author-X-Name-First: Oana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Secrieru 
Title: REAL-FINANCIAL LINKAGES IN THE CANADIAN ECONOMY: AN INPUT--OUTPUT APPROACH 
Abstract:
  The recent financial crisis highlighted the importance of better
 understanding the interaction between macroeconomic and financial
 conditions. In this paper, we provide a financial social accounting matrix
 for the Canadian economy and use it to assess the strength of
 real-financial linkages by calculating and comparing multipliers with and
 without endogenous financial flows. It is found that taking into account
 financial flows increases the impact of a final demand shock on output by
 4--11%. Moreover, between 2008 and 2009H1, the investment decisions of
 financial institutions together with the fact that non-financial
 institutions were unwilling or unable to increase their financial
 liabilities led to estimated declines in all GDP multipliers. The impact
 of a final demand shock on GDP declined 3--5%, while the impact of an
 increase in the availability of investment funds fell 30% and 55% for
 financial and non-financial corporations, respectively.&#x2020;<fn
 id="FN0000">  -super-&#x2020;The views expressed in this paper are those
 of the authors. No responsibility for them should be attributed to
 Statistics Canada. </fn>  
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 195-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.684345 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.684345 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:195-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Title: The Sustainability Practitioner's Guide to Input--Output Analysis 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 225-227 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.590126 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.590126 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:225-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuo Ogawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogawa 
Author-Name: Elmer Sterken 
Author-X-Name-First: Elmer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sterken 
Author-Name: Ichiro Tokutsu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tokutsu 
Title: FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: AN INTER-INDUSTRY APPROACH TO THE LOST DECADE IN JAPAN 
Abstract:
  This paper proposes a novel approach to investigating the propagation
 mechanism of balance sheet deterioration in financial institutions and
 firms, by extending the input--output analysis. First, we use a unique
 input--output table augmented by firm size dimension. Second, we link the
 input--output table with the balance sheet conditions of financial
 institutions and firms. Based on Japanese input--output tables, we find
 that the lending attitude of financial institutions affected firms&#x2019;
 input decision in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. Simulation exercises
 are conducted to evaluate the effects of changes in the lending attitude
 toward small firms as favorable as that toward large firms on sectoral
 allocations. We find that output was increased for small firms and reduced
 for large firms. The change in output was non-negligible, about 5.5% of
 the initial output of each sector. In particular, it exceeded 20% in
 textile, iron and steel and fabricated metal products. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 229-249 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.687712 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.687712 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:229-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Pyatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pyatt 
Author-Name: Jeffery   I. Round 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffery   I. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Round 
Title: DISTRIBUTIONAL INVARIANCE AND THE DESIGN OF SAMS 
Abstract:
  The decomposition of a matrix multiplier derived from a social accounting
 matrix (SAM) by Pyatt and Round [(1979). Accounting and Fixed Price
 Multipliers in a Social Accounting Matrix Framework. <italic>Economic
 Journal</italic>, 89, 850--873] has prompted a number of subsequent
 applications. In one of the earliest examples Stone [(1985). The
 Disaggregation of the Household Sector in the National Accounts, Chapter
 8. In: G. Pyatt and J.I. Round (eds.) <italic>Social Accounting Matrices:
 A Basis for Planning</italic>. Washington, DC, The World Bank, 145--185]
 made the intriguing observation that the higher order (circular) effects
 of an exogenous change in final demand on the distribution of income and
 the structure of production were more or less independent of the sectoral
 composition of the initial injection. Our initial objective in this
 article is to explore this phenomenon of distributional invariance and to
 derive sufficient conditions for it. We then argue that these conditions
 have important implications for the design of SAMs, for the taxonomies
 they adopt and for levels of disaggregation, all of which strongly
 condition the quality of results that can be generated
 <italic>via</italic> subsequent modelling. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 251-273 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.665359 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.665359 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:251-273




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiansuo Pei 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiansuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pei 
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: HOW MUCH DO EXPORTS CONTRIBUTE TO CHINA'S INCOME GROWTH? 
Abstract:
  It is a widespread belief that exports, in particular of
 &#x2018;high-tech&#x2019; products, contribute much to China's income
 growth. This study addresses this issue by applying a structural
 decomposition analysis to input--output (I--O) data. We employ two
 extended I--O tables that distinguish processing trade from ordinary
 exports. The contribution of exports to the value-added growth from 2002
 to 2007 is found to be overestimated by 32% when standard I--O tables are
 used rather than the extended I--O tables. Even more strikingly, the
 value-added growth that may be attributed to the exports of
 &#x2018;high-tech&#x2019; telecommunication products is overestimated by
 no less than 63%. A serious overestimation of the contribution to income
 growth of certain products (such as high-tech products) sends out
 misleading signals to policymakers. When measured correctly, the true
 contribution appears to be substantially smaller than is generally
 believed to be. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 275-297 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.660746 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.660746 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:275-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bin Su 
Author-X-Name-First: Bin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Su 
Author-Name: B.   W. Ang 
Author-X-Name-First: B.   W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ang 
Title: STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS APPLIED TO ENERGY AND EMISSIONS: AGGREGATION ISSUES 
Abstract:
  With the introduction of the environmentally extended input--output
 (I--O) framework, traditional economic I--O modeling and analysis can be
 conveniently adopted in energy and emission studies. Based on such an
 extended framework, many empirical studies investigating the driving
 forces of energy consumption and emission changes using structural
 decomposition analysis have been reported. Three aggregation issues are
 inherent in such decomposition studies, namely sector aggregation, spatial
 aggregation and temporal aggregation. This study, as an extension of our
 previous work on the first two issues, focuses on the third or temporal
 aggregation. An empirical study using the emission data of China from 1997
 to 2007 is presented to illustrate the problems involved. How to deal with
 temporal aggregation and its possible interactions with the other two
 aggregations is also discussed. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 299-317 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.677997 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.677997 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:299-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brugt Kazemier 
Author-X-Name-First: Brugt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazemier 
Author-Name: Carlo   H. Driesen 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo   H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Driesen 
Author-Name: Erik Hoogbruin 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogbruin 
Title: FROM INPUT--OUTPUT TABLES TO SUPPLY-AND-USE TABLES 
Abstract:
  In 1991, Statistics Netherlands introduced the supply-and-use tables as
 part of the national accounts. Since then, the supply-and-use tables have
 been the main statistics on the production structure of the Dutch economy.
 They form the basis from which input--output tables are derived. The time
 series of supply-and-use tables starts in 1987. However, there is a need
 for a time series since 1970 because benchmark revisions of the Dutch
 national accounts would become far easier if such time series were
 available. Therefore, a method has been developed to derive supply-and-use
 tables from existing input--output tables. This article presents the
 algorithm. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 319-327 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2011.650627 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2011.650627 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:319-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S&#xF6;ren Lindner 
Author-X-Name-First: S&#xF6;ren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindner 
Author-Name: Julien Legault 
Author-X-Name-First: Julien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Legault 
Author-Name: Dabo Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: Dabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Title: DISAGGREGATING INPUT--OUTPUT MODELS WITH INCOMPLETE INFORMATION 
Abstract:
  Disaggregating a sector within the Leontief input--output (IO) framework
 is not a straightforward task since there is more than one possibility for
 the unknown technical coefficients of the disaggregated IO table, and more
 information than what is embodied in the aggregated IO table is thus
 required. This paper presents a methodology for disaggregating sectors
 into an arbitrary number of new sectors when the only available
 information about the newly formed sectors is their output weights. A
 random walk algorithm is used to explore the polytope containing the
 admissible combinations for the unknown technical coefficients of the
 disaggregated IO table. These combinations are then used to construct the
 probability distribution of the coefficients of the inverse Leontief
 matrix. The methodology is illustrated by disaggregating the electricity
 production sector of China's 2007 IO table and by looking at the
 probability distribution of the CO<sub>2</sub> emission intensity factors
 of the sectors of the economy. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 329-347 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.689954 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.689954 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:329-347




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francisco   J. Andr� 
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco   J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andr� 
Author-Name: M.   Alejandro Cardenete 
Author-X-Name-First: M.   Alejandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardenete 
Author-Name: M.   Carmen Lima 
Author-X-Name-First: M.   Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lima 
Title: USING A CGE MODEL TO IDENTIFY THE POLICY TRADE-OFF BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION. THE EFFICIENT PHILLIPS CURVE 
Abstract:
  This paper provides a new reading of a classical economic relation: the
 short-run Phillips curve. Our point is that, when dealing with inflation
 and unemployment, policy-making can be understood as a multicriteria
 decision-making problem. Hence, we use so-called multiobjective
 programming in connection with a computable general equilibrium (CGE)
 model to determine the combinations of policy instruments that provide
 <italic>efficient</italic> combinations of inflation and unemployment.
 This approach results in an alternative version of the Phillips curve
 labelled as <italic>efficient Phillips curve</italic>. Our aim is to
 present an application of CGE models to a new area of research that can be
 especially useful when addressing policy exercises with real data. We
 apply our methodological proposal within a particular regional economy,
 Andalusia, in the south of Spain. This tool can give some keys for policy
 advice and policy implementation in the fight against unemployment and
 inflation. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 349-369 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.691088 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.691088 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:349-369




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Author-Name: Carlos L&#xF3;pez-Morales 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: L&#xF3;pez-Morales 
Title: DO WATER-RICH REGIONS HAVE A COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN FOOD PRODUCTION? IMPROVING THE REPRESENTATION OF WATER FOR AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC MODELS 
Abstract:
  With growing demand for fresh water and uncertain supplies, there is an
 increasing concern about future water scarcity. Since most freshwater
 withdrawals are for agriculture, reliance on water embodied in imported
 food (trade in &#x2018;virtual water&#x2019;) is a possible strategy to
 provide food to water-stressed regions while conserving their scarce
 supply for other purposes. To evaluate this proposition, we extend a model
 of interregional trade by (1) defining endowments of water that cannot be
 exceeded, (2) allowing simultaneous operation of rainfed and irrigated
 agriculture, and (3) distinguishing sub-regional endowments within a
 larger economic region. An application to the Mexican economy compares
 region-specific water abundance with economic comparative advantage under
 alternative scenarios. We conclude that the water-rich regions of Mexico
 are relatively high-cost producers of food and that they do not pick up
 the slack even when the lowest-cost Mexican regions are constrained by
 binding water constraints. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 371-389 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.714746 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.714746 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:371-389




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert   E. Steenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert   E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge 
Author-Name: M&#xF2;nica Serrano 
Author-X-Name-First: M&#xF2;nica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serrano 
Title: INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS IN INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS 
Abstract:
  The analysis of income distribution (ID) has traditionally been of prime
 importance for economists and policy-makers. However, the standard
 input--output (I--O) model is not particularly well equipped for studying
 current issues such as the consequences of decreasing access to primary
 inputs or the effects of specific redistributive policies. This paper
 addresses this gap in the existing literature. We propose that IDs can
 excellently be studied by restructuring the I--O relations. A new
 coefficients matrix is defined, the so-called augmented input coefficients
 matrix. This matrix is the sum of the intermediate input coefficients
 matrix and newly constructed matrices of sector-specific input
 coefficients that represent the existing distribution of income. We show
 that shifts in the distribution can be modelled by attributing weights to
 these matrices and vary these according to system-specific rules.
 Numerical illustrations based on the existing literature are given
 throughout the paper. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 391-412 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.715281 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.715281 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:391-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Maria   Cecilia Pinto de Moura 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria   Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinto de Moura 
Author-Name: Arne Geschke 
Author-X-Name-First: Arne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke 
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto 
Author-Name: Daniel   Dean Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel   Dean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran 
Title: A CYCLING METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING INPUT--OUTPUT TABLE TIME SERIES FROM INCOMPLETE DATA 
Abstract:
  There are a number of approaches for constructing time series of
 input--output tables. Some authors generate an initial estimate for a base
 year, and then serially estimate tables for subsequent years using the
 balanced prior-year table as an initial estimate. Others first generate a
 series of initial estimates for the entire period, and then balance tables
 in parallel. Current serial methods are affected by sudden leaps in the
 magnitude of table elements, which occur straight after a period of data
 unavailability. Current parallel methods require two complete tables for
 base and final years in the same classification, and therefore do not work
 under misaligned or incomplete data. We present a new method for
 constructing input--output table time series that overcomes these problems
 by averaging over alternate forward and backward sweeps across the time
 series period. We also solve the problem of hysteresis causing forecast
 and backcast table estimates to differ. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 413-432 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.724013 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.724013 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:413-432




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Title: Applied General Equilibrium: An Introduction 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 433-435 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.735224 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.735224 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:433-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Title: GLOBAL MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT FRAMEWORKS: AN INTRODUCTION AND OUTLOOK 
Abstract:
	      This review is the introduction to a special issue of
 <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic> on the topic of global
 multiregional input-output (GMRIO) tables, models, and analysis. It
 provides a short historical context of GMRIO development and its
 applications (many of which deal with environmental extensions) and
 presents the rationale for the major database projects presented in this
 special issue. Then the six papers are briefly introduced. This is
 followed by a concluding comparison of the characteristics of the main
 GMRIO databases developed thus far and an outlook of potential further
 developments.		
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761179 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761179 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:1-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Daniel Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran 
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto 
Author-Name: Arne Geschke 
Author-X-Name-First: Arne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke 
Title: BUILDING EORA: A GLOBAL MULTI-REGION INPUT-OUTPUT DATABASE AT HIGH COUNTRY AND SECTOR RESOLUTION 
Abstract:
	      There are a number of initiatives aimed at compiling
 large-scale global multi-region input-output (MRIO) tables complemented
 with non-monetary information such as on resource flows and environmental
 burdens. Depending on purpose or application, MRIO construction and usage
 has been hampered by a lack of geographical and sectoral detail; at the
 time of writing, the most advanced initiatives opt for a breakdown into at
 most 129 regions and 120 sectors. Not all existing global MRIO frameworks
 feature continuous time series, margins and tax sheets, and information on
 reliability and uncertainty. Despite these potential limitations,
 constructing a large MRIO requires significant manual labour and many
 years of time. This paper describes the results from a project aimed at
 creating an MRIO account that represents all countries at a detailed
 sectoral level, allows continuous updating, provides information on data
 reliability, contains table sheets expressed in basic prices as well as
 all margins and taxes, and contains a historical time series. We achieve
 these goals through a high level of procedural standardisation,
 automation, and data organisation.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 20-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.769938 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.769938 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:20-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker 
Author-Name: Arjan de Koning 
Author-X-Name-First: Arjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Koning 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Troy Hawkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Troy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins 
Author-Name: Stephan Lutter 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutter 
Author-Name: Jose Acosta 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acosta 
Author-Name: Jose M. Rueda Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda Cantuche 
Author-Name: Maaike Bouwmeester 
Author-X-Name-First: Maaike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouwmeester 
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Thomas Drosdowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drosdowski 
Author-Name: Jeroen Kuenen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuenen 
Title: EXIOPOL - DEVELOPMENT AND ILLUSTRATIVE ANALYSES OF A DETAILED GLOBAL MR EE SUT/IOT 
Abstract:
	      EXIOPOL (A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using
 Externality Data and Input-Output Tools for Policy Analysis) was a
 European Union (EU)-funded project creating a detailed, global,
 multiregional environmentally extended Supply and Use table (MR EE SUT) of
 43 countries, 129 sectors, 80 resources, and 40 emissions. We sourced
 primary SUT and input-output tables from Eurostat and non-EU statistical
 offices. We harmonized and detailed them using auxiliary national accounts
 data and co-efficient matrices. Imports were allocated to countries of
 exports using United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database trade
 shares. Optimization procedures removed imbalances in these detailing and
 trade linking steps. Environmental extensions were added from various
 sources. We calculated the EU footprint of final consumption with
 resulting MR EE SUT. EU policies focus mainly on energy and carbon
 footprints. We show that the EU land, water, and material footprint abroad
 is much more relevant, and should be prioritized in the EU's environmental
 product and trade policies.	      
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 50-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761952 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761952 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:50-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Author-Name: Robert Stehrer 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stehrer 
Author-Name: Marcel Timmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmer 
Author-Name: Gaaitzen de Vries 
Author-X-Name-First: Gaaitzen 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Vries 
Title: THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES IN THE WIOD PROJECT 
Abstract:
	      This article describes the construction of the World
 Input-Output Tables (WIOTs) that constitute the core of the World
 Input-Output Database. WIOTs are available for the period 1995-2009 and
 give the values of transactions among 35 industries in 40 countries plus
 the 'Rest of the World' and from these industries to households,
 governments and users of capital goods in the same set of countries. The
 article describes how information from the National Accounts, Supply and
 Use Tables and International Trade Statistics have been harmonized,
 reconciled and used for estimation procedures to arrive at a consistent
 time series of WIOTs.		
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 71-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761180 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761180 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:71-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robbie M. Andrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Robbie M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew 
Author-Name: Glen P. Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Title: A MULTI-REGION INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE BASED ON THE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS PROJECT DATABASE (GTAP-MRIO) 
Abstract:
	      Understanding the drivers of many environmental problems
 requires enumerating the global supply chain. Multi-region input-output
 analysis (MRIOA) is a well-established technique for this purpose, but
 constructing a multi-region input-output table (MRIOT) can be a formidable
 challenge. We constructed a large MRIOT using the Global Trade Analysis
 Project (GTAP) database of harmonised economic, IO, and trade data. We
 discuss the historical development of the GTAP-MRIO and describe its
 efficient construction. We provide updated carbon footprint estimates and
 analyse several issues relevant for MRIO construction and applications. We
 demonstrate that differences in environmental satellite accounts may be
 more important than differences in MRIOTs when calculating national carbon
 footprints. The GTAP-MRIO is a robust global MRIOT and, given its easy
 availability and implementation, it should allow the widespread
 application of global MRIOA by a variety of users.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 99-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761953 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761953 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:99-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bo Meng 
Author-X-Name-First: Bo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meng 
Author-Name: Yaxiong Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaxiong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Satoshi Inomata 
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inomata 
Title: COMPILATION AND APPLICATIONS OF IDE-JETRO'S INTERNATIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 
Abstract:
	      International input-output (IO) tables are among the most
 useful tools for economic analysis. Since these tables provide detailed
 information about international production networks, they have recently
 attracted considerable attention in research on spatial economics, global
 value chains, and issues relating to trade in value added. The Institute
 of Developing Economies at the Japan External Trade Organization
 (IDE-JETRO) has more than 40 years of experience in the construction and
 analysis of international IO tables. This paper explains the development
 of IDE-JETRO's multi-regional IO projects including the construction of
 the Asian International Input-Output table and the Transnational
 Interregional Input-Output table between China and Japan. To help users
 understand the features of the tables, this paper also gives examples of
 their application.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 122-142 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761597 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761597 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:122-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Author-Name: John Barrett 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett 
Title: POLICY-RELEVANT APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY EXTENDED MRIO DATABASES - EXPERIENCES FROM THE UK 
Abstract:
	      The impressive development in global multi-region
 input-output (IO) databases is accompanied by an increase in applications
 published in the scientific literature. However, it is not obvious whether
 the insights gained from these studies have indeed been used in political
 decision-making. We ask whether and to what extent there is policy uptake
 of results from environmentally extended multi-region IO (EE-MRIO) models
 and how it may be improved. We identify unique characteristics of such
 models not inherent to other approaches. We then present evidence from the
 UK showing that a policy process around consumption-based accounting for
 greenhouse gas emissions and resource use has evolved that is based on
 results from EE-MRIO modelling. This suggests that specific,
 policy-relevant information that would be impossible to obtain otherwise
 can be generated with the help of EE-MRIO models. Our analysis is limited
 to environmental applications of global MRIO models and to government
 policies in the UK.	      
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 143-156 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761596 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.761596 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:143-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianxi Luo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianxi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo 
Title: WHICH INDUSTRIES TO BAIL OUT FIRST IN ECONOMIC RECESSION? RANKING US INDUSTRIAL SECTORS BY THE POWER-OF-PULL 
Abstract:
	      There have been intense debates regarding which industrial
 sectors should be prioritized for receiving bailout in economic
 recessions. This paper takes a network perspective to rank sectors
 according to the Power-of-Pull (PoP), i.e. a sector's power to pull the
 overall economy. An eigenvector method is employed to assess the PoP of
 sectors in the USA, using input--output data from 1998 to 2010. The
 results support bailout to the motor vehicle sector, but argue against
 bailout to public infrastructure, health care and information technologies
 design and service sectors, and also reveal the continual decline of PoP
 ranking of computer and electronics manufacturing sector over time. These
 results confirm some but also show little support to some other economic
 revival policies of the Obama Administration in the USA.	   
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 157-169 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.775111 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.775111 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:157-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jos� M. Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-Name: Thijs Ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Ten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa 
Title: TESTING ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INPUT--OUTPUT TABLES 
Abstract:
	      Product input--output (IO) tables are mainly constructed on
 the basis of product and/or industry technology assumptions. The choice is
 not trivial and deserves empirical analysis using input and output data at
 the level of establishments. This paper offers input--output compilers
 econometric tests to facilitate the construction of tailored hybrid
 technology-based product IO tables. We provide weighted likelihood ratios
 of the product and industry technology assumptions. Although the proposed
 econometric tests are aimed to be used <italic>ex ante</italic>, we
 construct four variants of hybrid technology-based product IO tables using
 establishment data from Andalusia (Spain) and contrast them to the
 official product IO table and the pure product and industry
 technology-based tables. Our econometric tests are not valid for industry
 IO tables.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 170-189 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.774265 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.774265 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:170-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Atuesta 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atuesta 
Author-Name: Geoffrey J.D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: ECONOMIC WELFARE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGALIZATION OF DRUGS: A CGE MICROSIMULATION MODEL FOR COLOMBIA 
Abstract:
	      In this paper, a computable general equilibrium (CGE)
 microsimulation model is used to analyze the effects of an <italic>ex
 ante</italic> legalization of drugs on the Colombian economy. The model
 consists of 11 productive sectors, 3 different labor force categories with
 unemployment, and 20 households divided by income and location. Changes in
 wages and migration are estimated using a labor participation model, and a
 NIDS estimates the demands of the households. Changes in household
 economic welfare, measured by changes in income and prices (CV and EV
 measurements), are very sensitive to the reinvestments that the government
 makes in the economy. By analyzing six different scenarios with different
 assumptions about changes in drug prices, investments of the government,
 and the termination of the armed conflict, the results suggest that
 economic welfare improves when the government reinvests military
 expenditures in other productive sectors or when the &#x2018;economy of
 war&#x2019; continues and the legalization does not end the armed
 conflict.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 190-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.728130 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.728130 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:190-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Rose 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose 
Author-Name: Dan Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF A PORT SHUTDOWN: THE SPECIAL ROLE OF RESILIENCE 
Abstract:
	      This paper develops a methodology for the estimation of the
 total economic consequences of a seaport disruption, factoring in the
 major types of resilience. The foundation of the methodology is a
 combination of demand-driven and supply-driven input--output analyses.
 Resilience is included through a series of <italic>ad hoc</italic>
 adjustments based on various formal models and expert judgment. Moreover,
 we have designed the methodology in a manner that overcomes the major
 shortcomings of the supply-driven approach. We apply the methodology to a
 90-day disruption at the twin seaports of Beaumont and Port Arthur, Texas,
 which is a major port area that includes a petrochemical manufacturing
 complex. We find that regional gross output could decline by as much as
 $13&#xA0;billion at the port region level, but that resilience can reduce
 these impacts by nearly 70%.	       
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 212-232 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.731379 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.731379 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:212-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mun Heng Toh 
Author-X-Name-First: Mun Heng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toh 
Author-Name: Shandre Mugan Thangavelu 
Author-X-Name-First: Shandre Mugan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thangavelu 
Title: AN INPUT--OUTPUT STUDY OF THE SINGAPORE INFORMATION SECTOR 
Abstract:
	      The development and use of information and communication
 technologies is one of the key drivers of the &#x2018;knowledge
 economy.&#x2019; In this paper, we investigate the impact of information
 technology on the output growth of the Singapore economy using the
 input--output framework. The input--output framework allows us to
 understand the impact of information sector in an integrated framework in
 terms of its linkages to the manufacturing and service sectors. In
 particular, we adopt the input--output approach to shed light on both
 production and diffusion activities of the information sector on the
 Singapore economy. The results indicate that the ICT sector provided the
 key linkages for the expansion of high-value added manufacturing
 activities and electronics export for the Singapore economy.	       
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 233-244 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.740616 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.740616 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:233-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Canning 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Canning 
Title: MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES OF A US MULTIREGIONAL HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SYSTEM 
Abstract:
	      This paper applies the maximum-likelihood equation to a model
 that produces US regional household expenditure estimates using
 national-level data on average expenditures by type of household and
 regional data on the number of households by type. Empirical results
 follow the analytical properties of the model and demonstrate an
 impressive capacity to recover regional statistics. These findings are
 useful in applied regional studies since they demonstrate a general
 framework to assess the input data and the overall estimation model.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 245-264 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.730991 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.730991 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:245-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa 
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Author-Name: Yasushi Kondo 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo 
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai 
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai 
Title: Identifying environmentally important supply chain clusters in the automobile industry 
Abstract:
	      In this paper, we develop a new approach that combines the
 spectral clustering method and input-output analysis to detect
 environmentally important supply chain clusters. The newly developed
 method was applied to automobile manufacturing in Japan, and major
 clusters with high energy intensities in the automobile supply chain were
 identified. This paper proposes that the car manufacturers will be able to
 regularly publish their life-cycle assessment reports with a focus on the
 indirect energy consumptions within the critical supply chains and request
 key auto-part manufacturers in the cluster to reduce the indirect
 consumptions through the relevant supply chain engagement.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 265-286 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.730992 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.730992 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:265-286




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youguo Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Youguo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: IMPACT OF URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION ON CARBON EMISSIONS IN CHINA 
Abstract:
	      In this paper, we utilize input-output analysis and
 decomposition techniques to examine the direct and indirect urban and
 rural per-capita carbon emissions generated by household consumption in
 China from 1987 to 2007. The results show that indirect emissions are
 considerably larger than direct emissions due to households in urban and
 rural areas. Indirect urban emissions increase significantly because of
 growing expenditures, but indirect rural emissions do not register the
 same increase. Direct urban emissions decrease significantly because of
 changes in the energy mix, but direct rural emissions show only a slight
 decrease. The increase in the disparity of indirect urban-rural emissions
 and the decrease in the disparity in direct urban-rural emissions are
 evident. These findings imply that both energy-saving behavior in the
 production sector and residential lifestyle transition - particularly in
 the urban areas - are significant in mitigating carbon emissions in China. 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 287-299 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.738188 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.738188 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:287-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Lindner 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindner 
Author-Name: J. Legault 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Legault 
Author-Name: D. Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Title: DISAGGREGATING THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR OF CHINA'S INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE FOR IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT 
Abstract:
	      Missing process detail of sectors in Input-Output (I-O)
 tables has been pointed out as a limitation of I-O analysis in
 environmental-economic life cycle assessment. Aggregation of
 resource-intensive sectors decreases the accuracy of the results. Often,
 economic sectors are compiled in a more aggregated form than environmental
 satellite accounts, and as [Lenzen, M. (2011) Aggregation Versus
 Disaggregation in Input-Output Analysis of the Environment.
 <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic>, 23, 73-89] asserts, it is
 superior for environmental analysis to disaggregate the I-O table, even if
 only partial information exists for the disaggregation. In this paper we
 present a methodology to disaggregate the electricity sector of the
 Chinese national I-O table by using regional information and cost data for
 operation and maintenance of power plants. The electricity sector is
 disaggregated into a transmission and distribution sector as well as eight
 sub-sectors representing different types of technology in power plants
 (subcritical coal, hydro, etc.). The electricity consumption mix of each
 industry is determined by using regional industry presence and regional
 electricity power mixes. The disaggregated I-O table offers refined
 results for calculating emissions embodied in international exports from
 China, a valuable contribution for estimating national greenhouse gases
 emissions inventories under the consumption-based approach for countries
 that rely heavily on imports of goods from China.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 300-320 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.746646 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.746646 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:300-320




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: �scar Deju�n 
Author-X-Name-First: �scar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deju�n 
Author-Name: Luis Antonio L�pez 
Author-X-Name-First: Luis Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: L�pez 
Author-Name: Mar�a �ngeles Tobarra 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar�a �ngeles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tobarra 
Author-Name: Jorge Zafrilla 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zafrilla 
Title: A POST-KEYNESIAN AGE MODEL TO FORECAST ENERGY DEMAND IN SPAIN 
Abstract:
	      This paper develops an extended input-output model for the
 estimation of energy demand and related issues. It is built on the last
 Spanish Symmetric Input-Output Table (IOT, 2005). It has been tested for
 the period 2005-2008 and used for forecasting energy demand for the years
 2009-2012 under different economic scenarios. The model shares some traits
 of the computable and applied general equilibrium models where quantity
 and price systems are interwoven. The differences lie in the theories
 explaining output and prices. Our quantity system is based on Keynes'
 principle of effective demand (broad energy multipliers are derived). The
 price system is based on the classical (Sraffian) theory of prices of
 production, akin to post-Keynesian full-cost prices. The general price
 system can be manipulated to account for the specificities of energy
 prices. Historical trends of energy coefficients are computed by
 extrapolation of past IOTs and calibration.	      
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 321-340 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.806294 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.806294 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:321-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Michael L. Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: EXPANDING EXTRACTIONS 
Abstract:
	      In this paper, we generalize hypothetical extraction
 techniques. We suggest that the effect of certain economic phenomena can
 be measured by removing them from an input-output (I-O) table and by
 rebalancing the set of I-O accounts. The difference between the two sets
 of accounts yields the phenomenon's effect (or importance). We suggest
 that the approach can be used to measure the effect of changes in
 intermediate output, which are otherwise not easily rationalized within a
 Leontief framework. Of course, it can also be used to estimate the
 possible effects of the shutdown of a particular establishment or other
 identifiable segment of an economy. We demonstrate some properties and
 potential of the approach using the annual 2006 US I-O accounts.	   
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 341-360 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.774266 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.774266 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:341-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umed Temurshoev 
Author-X-Name-First: Umed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Temurshoev 
Author-Name: Ronald E. Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Author-Name: Maaike C. Bouwmeester 
Author-X-Name-First: Maaike C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouwmeester 
Title: A NOTE ON THE GRAS METHOD 
Abstract:
	      The GRAS method as presented by Junius and Oosterhaven
 [Junius, T. and J. Oosterhaven (2003) The Solution of Updating or
 Regionalizing a Matrix with Both Positive and Negative Elements.
 <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic>, 15, 87-96] assumes that every
 row and every column of a matrix to be balanced has at least one positive
 element. This might not necessarily be true in practice, in particular,
 when dealing with large-scale input-ouput tables, supply and use tables,
 social accounting matrices, or, for that matter, any other matrix. In this
 short note we relax this assumption and make available our MATLAB program
 for anyone interested in matrix GRASing. The same issue arises in the
 presentations of the KRAS method [Lenzen, M., B. Gallego and R. Wood
 (2009) Matrix Balancing Under Conflicting Information. <italic>Economic
 Systems Research</italic>, 21, 23-44] and the SUT-RAS method [Temurshoev,
 U. and M.P. Timmer (2011) Joint Estimation of Supply and Use Tables.
 <italic>Papers in Regional Science</italic>, 90, 863-882], which should be
 accordingly accounted for in their empirical applications.	     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 361-367 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2012.746645 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2012.746645 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:361-367




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Author-Name: Dabo Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: Dabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Author-Name: Michael L. Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho 
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: INPUT--OUTPUT ANALYSIS: THE NEXT 25 YEARS 
Abstract:
				 This year marks the 25th anniversary of
 the International Input--Output Association and the 25th volume of
 <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic>. To celebrate this anniversary,
 a group of eight experts provide their views on the future of
 input--output. Looking forward, they foresee progress in terms of data
 collections, methods, theory testing, and focus and scope.		    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 369-389 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.846902 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.846902 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reinier Bikker 
Author-X-Name-First: Reinier 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bikker 
Author-Name: Jacco Daalmans 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daalmans 
Author-Name: Nino Mushkudiani 
Author-X-Name-First: Nino 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mushkudiani 
Title: BENCHMARKING LARGE ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORKS: A GENERALIZED MULTIVARIATE MODEL 
Abstract:
				 We present a multivariate benchmarking
 model for achieving consistency between large quarterly and annual
 accounting frameworks. The method is based on a quadratic optimization
 problem, for which many efficient numeric solvers exist. The method
 combines several features, such as linear constraints, ratio constraints,
 weights, and inequalities, in one model. Therefore, a wide range of
 modelling possibilities is supported. This method is especially
 interesting for national statistical offices, to simplify their processes
 to achieve consistency between publications.			    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 390-408 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.801010 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.801010 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vittorio Nicolardi 
Author-X-Name-First: Vittorio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolardi 
Title: SIMULTANEOUSLY BALANCING SUPPLY--USE TABLES AT CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES: A NEW PROCEDURE 
Abstract:
				 According to the 1993 System of National
 Accounts, the annual Supply--Use Tables (SUTs) need to be compiled at both
 current and constant prices by the National Institutes of Statistics. The
 most appropriate way to obtain consistent SUTs at both current and
 constant prices is to balance them simultaneously but, in this case, the
 main complexity is the nonlinearity that inevitably occurs. This paper
 proposes a new method to balance extremely large sets of National Accounts
 simultaneously at current and constant prices. The distinctive features of
 the proposed balancing method are its flexibility, which is very high
 compared with the other methods in the literature, and its capability to
 allow the control of the consistency of the system of deflators that are
 used. This new balancing method has been applied to balance the Italian
 2006 SUTs simultaneously at current and constant prices, and it has
 yielded very good outcomes.		      
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 409-434 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.808990 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.808990 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jos� M. Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Esteban Fern�ndez 
Author-X-Name-First: Esteban 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fern�ndez 
Author-Name: Antonio F. Amores 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amores 
Title: THE BIAS OF THE MULTIPLIER MATRIX WHEN SUPPLY AND USE TABLES ARE STOCHASTIC 
Abstract:
				 The literature on stochastic input--output
 (I--O) analysis has paid considerable attention to the bias in the
 Leontief inverse. This paper extends previous studies by assuming supply
 and use tables (SUTs rather than I--O tables or input coefficients
 matrices) to be stochastic. This is a natural starting point because SUTs
 have become the basic data sources for I--O applications. In a Monte Carlo
 simulation experiment, a given SUT is randomized in two different ways and
 the effects are determined for eight different multiplier matrices. The
 analysis is carried out for Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany and
 Finland, using their SUTs for 2006. The findings indicate that, in
 general, biases are statistically significant but negligibly small. This
 corroborates earlier findings obtained for stochastic I--O tables.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 435-448 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.776947 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.776947 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen D. Casler 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Casler 
Title: IMPLICIT ELASTICITIES AND PRICE EFFECTS: AN UPDATED PROCEDURE 
Abstract:
				 Based on the general procedure described
 by Casler [(2011) Coefficient Change, Price Effects, and Implicit
 Elasticities: Estimating Microeconomic Determinants over Two Time Periods.
 <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic>, 23, 153--174], this paper
 presents an updated approach to the estimation of input coefficient
 changes as functions of changing prices. The procedure makes direct use of
 relationships that emerge from the model of cost minimization subject to
 producing a desired level of output. Based on an initial specification of
 constant cross-price derivatives, the imposition of adding up and symmetry
 conditions allows the actual price and coefficient changes that occur
 between periods to identify implicit own and cross-price derivatives and
 corresponding elasticities, using data for only two time periods. With
 this updated approach, the calculation of derivatives is far simpler and
 leads to far more accurate measures of price-induced input--output
 coefficient changes than the original version. 		      
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 449-455 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.775405 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.775405 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:449-455




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: Editors' report 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 456-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.849061 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.849061 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:456-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama 
Author-Name: Joost R. Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Title: DISASTER IMPACT AND INPUT--OUTPUT ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
				 Macroeconomics models, such as the
 input--output model, the social accounting matrix, and the computable
 general equilibrium model, have been used for impact analysis of
 catastrophic disasters for some time. While the use of such models to
 disaster situation, which may quite differ from the ordinary economic
 setting, has been critiqued (for recent example, see Albala-Bertrand,
 2013), there are still valuable reasons for the use of such models. In
 particular, such models can be used in order to quickly provide a ballpark
 estimate of the system-wide impact for recovery plan and finance and/or to
 evaluate disaster countermeasures in the pre-event period. This paper
 presents how these methodologies have evolved to incorporate with
 disaster-specific feature and discusses how far they still need to go from
 the current stage. This paper also serves as a preface to this special
 issue, which encompasses several papers devoted to the use of
 macroeconomic data and models to assess economic losses from disasters.    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.871505 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.871505 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoshio Kajitani 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kajitani 
Author-Name: Hirokazu Tatano 
Author-X-Name-First: Hirokazu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tatano 
Title: ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION CAPACITY LOSS RATE AFTER THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI IN 2011 
Abstract:
				 This research aims to investigate a method
 for estimating the production capacity loss rate (PCLR) of industrial
 sectors damaged by a disaster, such as an earthquake, tsunami, or nuclear
 radiation, particularly the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. PCLR is
 fundamental information required to gain an understanding of economic
 losses caused by a disaster. In particular, this paper proposes a method
 of PCLR estimation that considers the two main causes of capacity losses
 as observed from past earthquake disasters, namely damage to production
 facilities and disruption of lifeline systems. To achieve the quantitative
 estimation of PCLR, functional fragility curves considering the
 relationship between production capacity and earthquake ground motion and
 lifeline resilience factors for capturing the impact of lifeline
 disruptions have been adopted, while actual recovery curves are considered
 mainly for damaged facilities. Through the application of this method to
 the case study of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the PCLR in
 various industrial sectors is estimated; the estimated PCLR in the
 manufacturing sectors are then compared to the corresponding index of
 industrial production. The results demonstrate that the estimated values
 are close to the actual production indices in the overall manufacturing
 sector and many of the individual sectors.			
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 13-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.872081 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.872081 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olaf Jonkeren 
Author-X-Name-First: Olaf 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jonkeren 
Author-Name: Georgios Giannopoulos 
Author-X-Name-First: Georgios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giannopoulos 
Title: ANALYSING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE WITH A RESILIENCE INOPERABILITY INPUT--OUTPUT MODEL 
Abstract:
				 Over the past few years much effort has
 been made in modelling economic losses resulting from critical
 infrastructure failure. It has appeared that including resilience measures
 in the modelling approach, which may mute the losses considerably, is a
 challenging task. At the same time it is necessary because it prevents the
 modeller from generating overestimates. This study presents two directions
 to improve the modelling of (economic) resilience for which the
 state-of-the art with respect to dynamic inoperability input--output
 modelling is taken as a starting point. Firstly, the new model allows for
 a different recovery path than the traditionally assumed 'concave up
 decreasing curve' describes for a disrupted infrastructure or economic
 sector in the aftermath of a disaster. In this paper, we explain how the
 recovery path may depend on the type of disaster. Secondly, the model
 refines the aspect of 'inventory' as a resilience measure. Inventory is
 interpreted in a broad sense here: it can be any resilience measures which
 enable an infrastructure or economic sector to continue its supply despite
 being disrupted. The model is applied to both a simple two-sector
 illustrative example and a severe winter storm scenario in Europe using
 economic data from the World Input--Output Database to show its practical
 usefulness.			     
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 39-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.872604 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.872604 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joost R. Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Author-Name: Krista Danielle S. Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Krista Danielle S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Author-Name: Sheree Ann T. Pagsuyoin 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheree Ann T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pagsuyoin 
Author-Name: Raymond R. Tan 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan 
Title: TIME-VARYING DISASTER RECOVERY MODEL FOR INTERDEPENDENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS USING HYBRID INPUT--OUTPUT AND EVENT TREE ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
				 Disasters damage physical infrastructure
 systems, disrupt the movement of people and commodities, and cause
 significant economic losses. This paper develops an I--O model extension
 using an event tree analysis to assess the propagation of disaster effects
 across interdependent economic sectors using the inoperability and
 economic loss metrics. Inoperability, a dimensionless index that ranges
 between 0 and 1, indicates the extent to which a sector's production
 deviates below its normal state. On the other hand, economic loss is the
 monetary worth of the drop in output incurred in each sector of the
 economy due to the disaster. The new dynamic I--O extension is capable of
 adjusting the inoperability parameters within the disaster timeline to
 reflect events that can either degrade or enhance the predicted paths of
 sector recovery. It was implemented to the Nashville region -- a
 metropolitan area in the USA known for its vibrant music and the tourism
 industry. The Nashville region is frequently hit by natural disasters such
 as tornadoes and floods, which makes it a suitable case study site for the
 model application. Results of the study can help identify critical
 economic sectors and ultimately provide insights for formulating
 preparedness decisions to expedite disaster recovery.			    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 60-80 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.872602 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.872602 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krista Danielle S. Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Krista Danielle S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Author-Name: Raymond R. Tan 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan 
Author-Name: Kathleen B. Aviso 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aviso 
Author-Name: Michael Angelo B. Promentilla 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael Angelo B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Promentilla 
Author-Name: Joost R. Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Title: A VULNERABILITY INDEX FOR POST-DISASTER KEY SECTOR PRIORITIZATION 
Abstract:
				 Input--output-based techniques have proven
 to be effective in modeling how disasters lead to economic disruptions,
 while taking into account the structural connectivity of economic systems.
 In particular, through the inoperability input--output model (IIM), the
 degree of failure in an economic system can be quantified on a scale from
 0 (normal state) to 1 (complete failure). This paper develops a
 vulnerability index that builds upon the foundations of the Leontief
 input--output model and the IIM, which is capable of identifying and
 prioritizing the key sectors in the aftermath of disasters. The key sector
 prioritization framework proposed in this paper is expected to contribute
 to the domain of disaster preparedness planning, such as enhancing the
 efficiency of resource allocation across various sectors. The proposed
 vulnerability index is formulated in terms of three underlying components:
 (1) economic impact, (2) propagation length, and (3) sector size. The
 vulnerability index captures the impact of investments to various sectors
 in times of disaster in order to yield the maximum benefits to the entire
 economy. This paper considers a baseline scenario that assumes that the
 decision-maker has an equal preference for all index components. Using
 Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis, we investigated the
 extent to which the key sector rankings could fluctuate with respect to
 variations in the decision-maker preferences. Key sectors tend to be
 sensitive to the weight assignments across the three vulnerability index
 components; nevertheless, some sectors are less sensitive to such weight
 variations and may persist on their level of priority, independent of the
 scenario. Using the Philippine input--output data, we found that the
 private services sector is consistently a high-priority sector, the trade
 sector is a mid-priority sector while the real estate and ownership of
 dwellings sector tend to be a low-priority sector.			    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 81-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.872603 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.872603 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:81-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama 
Title: DISASTER AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL CHANGE: CASE STUDY ON THE 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE 
Abstract:
				 In 1995, the Kobe Earthquake occurred in
 the second largest economic region of Japan, and its economic damages were
 accounted around 10 trillion yen. A catastrophic event of this magnitude
 would have surely created some long-run effects to the regional economy as
 well as to the surrounding regions. Additionally, the recovery and
 reconstruction activities would have affected the economic structure of
 the region and interdependence between regions in a potentially different
 way from the original growth trend before the event. While these long-run
 economic effects may have become sizable, few studies have been conducted
 to empirically measure or evaluate such effects, due to the significant
 noises in economic data muddled with macroeconomic influences from the
 outside. This paper presents an empirical investigation of long-run
 economic effects of the Kobe Earthquake, using structural decomposition
 methods. The results indicate significant changes in economic structure of
 the Kobe economy, and the changes are quite different across sectors and
 among factors. An additional investigation using shift-share analysis
 yielded the regional-specific changes; the corresponding decomposed
 factors of structural analysis with shift-share results appear
 complicated, and changes in regional final demand were found to be most
 influential to the changes in output for many sectors. 		    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 98-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.871506 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.871506 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haiyan Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Michael L. Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: CAN THE CARBONIZING DRAGON BE DOMESTICATED? INSIGHTS FROM A DECOMPOSITION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INTENSITY IN CHINA, 1987--2007 
Abstract:
				 China has relied on energy to stimulate
 its booming economy. As a result, its share of world energy consumption
 rose to 17.3% in 2009 from 7.9% in 1978. Somewhat surprisingly, through
 2000 its rate of energy consumption was about half its rate of economic
 growth. This trend changed after 2001 as energy consumption rose about 1.3
 times more rapidly than did gross domestic product through 2005. Through
 heavy governmental influence, energy intensity subsequently reduced
 through 2007, but just marginally. This paper uses the structural
 decomposition approach to understand key drivers behind changes in China's
 energy intensity and its energy consumption from 1987 to 2007. In our
 model, energy intensity change was decomposed into five factors: changes
 in energy efficiency, changes in share of value added, changes in input
 structure, changes in consumption structure, and changes in consumption
 volume. This paper provides insights into how changes in China's economic
 structure, technology, urbanization, and lifestyle affect energy intensity
 and energy consumption.			
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 119-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.880663 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.880663 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:119-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mar�a Teresa �lvarez-Mart�nez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar�a Teresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: �lvarez-Mart�nez 
Author-Name: Clemente Polo 
Author-X-Name-First: Clemente 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polo 
Title: REDUCE EMPLOYERS' SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTROL LABOR FRAUD: REMEDIES FOR SPAIN'S AILING ECONOMY? 
Abstract:
				 The aim of this paper is to quantify the
 impact of the reduction on social security contributions (SSCs) of
 employers recently claimed by the Spanish enterprisers' organizations on
 the main macroeconomic variables. The effects of this tax reform are
 evaluated with a Computable General Equilibrium model with the
 neoclassical closure rule. The model is calibrated with a Social
 Accounting Matrix for the year 2000 (SAMES-00) elaborated by the authors.
 Results show that lower SSCs of employers raise employment, households'
 welfare and real gross domestic product (GDP) but also increase the public
 deficit. These positive effects remain when the reduction is compensated
 with personal income taxes to keep the public deficit/GDP ratio constant
 and also when the compensating variable is value-added tax (VAT). Unlike
 in previous studies, the most positive effects are obtained when the lower
 public revenues are compensated via lower coverage of unemployment
 benefits.			 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 141-154 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.897218 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.897218 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mat�as Piaggio 
Author-X-Name-First: Mat�as 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piaggio 
Author-Name: Vicent Alc�ntara 
Author-X-Name-First: Vicent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alc�ntara 
Author-Name: Emilio Padilla 
Author-X-Name-First: Emilio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Padilla 
Title: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN URUGUAY 
Abstract:
				 Using input--output analysis, we identify
 the key sectors in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Uruguayan
 economy. The responsibilities of each sector in terms of its emissions are
 decomposed into an own component, generated during the activities of the
 sector, and an indirect component, generated by the induced activities in
 other sectors. This has important implications for the design of
 mitigation polices, as the appropriate policy measures are contingent on
 the nature of the pollution. Technical improvements and best practices are
 effective only when applied to directly polluting sectors, while demand
 policies may be more appropriate for indirectly polluting sectors. In
 addition, we analyze pollution generated during the production of exports.
 The results show that demand policies are going to be effective in the
 Building, the Hotel and restaurants, and the Wholesale and retail trade;
 and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sectors. These policies
 complement GHG emissions' mitigation policies in directly polluting
 sectors (mainly the Cattle farming and the transport-related sectors).
 Finally, methane and nitrous oxide emissions are mainly the consequence of
 production for exports, while carbon dioxide emissions are mainly driven
 by production for domestic consumption.		    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 155-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.869559 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.869559 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslav Sixta 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sixta 
Author-Name: Jakub Fischer 
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer 
Title: USING INPUT--OUTPUT TABLES FOR ESTIMATES OF CZECH GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970--1989 
Abstract:
				 The paper describes the transformation of
 original macroeconomic data for the Czech Republic in the period of
 socialism to the current methodology of national accounts. Since the Czech
 Republic was a part of former Czechoslovakia, such estimates were not
 usually published. The key approach is based on symmetric input--output
 tables (SIOTs) that allow the description of several segments of the
 economy. SIOTs were compiled directly from data sources on a regular basis
 instead of supply and use tables. We used SIOTs for 1973 and 1987 to
 investigate thoroughly the differences between the previously used
 Material Product System (MPS) and the System of National Accounts (SNA).
 After that, we identified the most important differences between MPS and
 SNA, and constructed the time series of Czech gross domestic product for
 1970--1989. The estimated time series are fully consistent with official
 figures of the Czech Statistical Office published from 1990 onwards.	    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 177-196 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.853651 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.853651 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:177-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Daniel D. Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran 
Author-Name: Arne Geschke 
Author-X-Name-First: Arne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke 
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto 
Title: A NON-SIGN-PRESERVING RAS VARIANT 
Abstract:
				 We have developed a variant of the RAS
 generalised iterative scaling method that is able to change the sign
 between successive iterates, and thus fulfil constraints that are
 infeasible for existing RAS variants. Like earlier RAS variants, our
 method can handle constraints on arbitrarily sized and shaped subsets of
 matrix elements, include reliability of the initial estimate and the
 external constraints, and deal with negative values.			
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 197-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.897933 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.897933 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:197-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theodore Mariolis 
Author-X-Name-First: Theodore 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariolis 
Author-Name: Lefteris Tsoulfidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Lefteris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsoulfidis 
Title: ON BR�DY'S CONJECTURE: THEORY, FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT INSTABILITY OF THE US ECONOMY 
Abstract:
				 Br�dy's conjecture regarding the
 instability of economies is submitted to an empirical test using
 input--output flow tables of varying size for the US economy, for the
 benchmark years 1997 and 2002, as well as for the period 1998--2011. The
 results obtained using input--output tables of various dimensions lend
 support to the view of increasing instability (in the sense of Br�dy) of
 the US economy over the period considered. Furthermore, our analysis shows
 that only a few vertically integrated industries are enough to shape the
 behaviour of the entire economy in the case of a disturbance. These
 results may usefully be contrasted with those derived in a parallel
 literature on aggregate fluctuations from microeconomic 'idiosyncratic'
 shocks.		    
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 209-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.879698 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.879698 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:209-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang K. Seung 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seung 
Title: MEASURING SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF SHOCKS TO THE ALASKA ECONOMY: AN INTER-REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (IRSAM) MODEL APPROACH 
Abstract:
				 An inter-regional social accounting matrix
 (IRSAM) model is used to estimate the spillover effects occurring between
 economies of two US regions -- (i) Alaska, which depends heavily on
 imports of commodities and factors of production from outside the region,
 and (ii) the rest of the US (RoUS). Multiplier decomposition is used to
 calculate intra-regional multipliers and spillover effects between the two
 regions. Results show that a significant percentage (46.3--70.8%) of the
 total secondary impacts of a shock to Alaskan industries leaks out of
 Alaska and flows to the RoUS. An analysis of household multipliers
 indicates that over 60% of the total secondary effects of an increase in
 Alaska household income accrues to the RoUS households. Policymakers are
 concerned with identifying the magnitude, nature, and geographic
 distribution of economic impacts from the policies they implement. The
 IRSAM model provides the framework for a better understanding of the
 intra-regional and spillover effects of policies.			  
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 224-238 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2013.803039 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2013.803039 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:224-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Satoshi Inomata 
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inomata 
Author-Name: Anne Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Title: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MRIO DATABASES 
Abstract:
 This editorial is the introduction to a special issue of <italic>Economics
 Systems Research</italic> on the topic of intercomparison of
 multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases and analyses. It explains the
 rationale for dedicating an issue of this journal to this area of
 research. Then the six papers chosen for this issue are introduced. This
 is followed by a concluding section outlining future directions for
 developers and users of MRIO databases.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 239-244 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.940856 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.940856 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:239-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: CONVERGENCE BETWEEN THE EORA, WIOD, EXIOBASE, AND OPENEU'S CONSUMPTION-BASED CARBON ACCOUNTS 
Abstract:
 In this paper, we take an overview of several of the biggest independently
 constructed global multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases and ask
 how reliable and consonant these databases are. The key question is
 whether MRIO accounts are robust enough for setting environmental
 policies. This paper compares the results of four global MRIOs: Eora,
 WIOD, EXIOBASE, and the GTAP-based OpenEU databases, and investigates how
 much each diverges from the multi-model mean. We also use Monte Carlo
 analysis to conduct sensitivity analysis of the robustness of each
 accounts' results and we test to see how much variation in the
 environmental satellite account, rather than the economic structure
 itself, causes divergence in results. After harmonising the satellite
 account, we found that carbon footprint results for most major economies
 disagree by>10% between MRIOs. Confidence estimates are necessary if MRIO
 methods and consumption-based accounting are to be used in environmental
 policy-making at the national level.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 245-261 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.935298 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.935298 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:245-261




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Author-Name: Kjartan Steen-Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kjartan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steen-Olsen 
Author-Name: John Barrett 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett 
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: A STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION APPROACH TO COMPARING MRIO DATABASES 
Abstract:
 The construction of multi-regional input-output tables is complex, and
 databases produced using different approaches lead to different analytical
 outcomes. We outline a decomposition methodology for investigating the
 variations that exist when using different multiregional input-output
 (MRIO) systems to calculate a region's consumption-based account.
 Structural decomposition analysis attributes the change in emissions to a
 set of dependent determinants, such as technical coefficients, the
 Leontief inverse and final demands. We apply our methodology to three MRIO
 databases - Eora, GTAP and WIOD. Findings reveal that the variation
 between Eora and GTAP can be attributed to differences in the Leontief
 inverse and emissions' data, whereas the variation between Eora and WIOD
 is due to differences in final demand and the Leontief inverse. For the
 majority of regions, GTAP and WIOD produce similar results. The approach
 in this study could help move MRIO databases from the academic arena to a
 useful policy instrument.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 262-283 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.935299 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.935299 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:262-283




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kjartan Steen-Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kjartan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steen-Olsen 
Author-Name: Anne Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Author-Name: Edgar G. Hertwich 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertwich 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: EFFECTS OF SECTOR AGGREGATION ON CO<sub>2</sub> MULTIPLIERS IN MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSES 
Abstract:
 The past few years have seen the emergence of several global multiregional
 input-output (MRIO) databases. Due to the cost and complexity of
 developing such extensive tables, industry sectors are generally
 represented at a rather aggregate level. Currently, one of the most
 important applications of input-output analysis is environmental
 assessments, for which highly aggregate sectors may not be sufficient to
 yield accurate results. We experiment with four of the most important
 global MRIO systems available, analyzing the sensitivity of a set of
 aggregate CO<sub>2</sub> multipliers to aggregations in the MRIO tables
 used to calculate them. Across databases, we find (a) significant
 sensitivity to background system detail and (b) that sub-sectors contained
 within the same aggregate MRIO sector may exhibit highly different carbon
 multipliers. We conclude that the additional information provided by the
 extra sector detail may warrant the additional costs of compilation, due
 to the heterogeneous nature of economic sectors in terms of their
 environmental characteristics.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 284-302 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.934325 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.934325 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:284-302




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Konstantin Stadler 
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stadler 
Author-Name: Kjartan Steen-Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kjartan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steen-Olsen 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: THE 'REST OF THE WORLD' - ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF MISSING REGIONS IN GLOBAL MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 
Abstract:
 Incomplete data for the economic structure of numerous countries hamper
 the compilation of global multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables. By
 themselves, most of these countries are of only limited importance for the
 global economy and incumbent environmental issues. Hence, in most recent
 global MRIO tables these countries are either roughly estimated or
 summarised in one rest of the world (RoW) region. Combining a wide range
 of countries, this RoW region may play a significant role in global
 economic and environmental accounts. We conceptualise the importance of
 RoW in several environmental footprint accounts and present algorithms to
 estimate the structure of RoW. The approach utilises the information of
 the economic structure within known parts of the MRIO table to estimate
 the unknown structure. Using this method, global warming potential and
 employment footprints remain stable irrespective of the chosen initial
 estimates, whereas natural land use footprints and individual product
 impacts vary significantly.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 303-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.936831 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.936831 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:303-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I�aki Arto 
Author-X-Name-First: I�aki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arto 
Author-Name: Jos� M. Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-Name: Glen P. Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Title: COMPARING THE GTAP-MRIO AND WIOD DATABASES FOR CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
 We explore two different worldwide multi-regional input-output (MRIO)
 databases (Global Trade Analysis Project-MRIO and World Input-Output
 Database) for the calculation of the global carbon footprint (CF) of
 nations. We start our analysis with a description of the main
 characteristics of the databases and then make a comparison between their
 main components. Then, we calculate the CF with both databases and
 identify (from a global perspective) the most relevant factors underlying
 their differences using structural decomposition analysis. On average,
 certain parts of both databases (e.g. intermediate uses and final demand)
 can be said to be similar for around 75% to 80%, with only a few elements
 in each part mainly driving the major differences. The divergences in the
 datasets of four countries explain almost 50% of the differences in the CF
 (the USA, China, Russia and India). Industry-wise, 50% of the differences
 can be explained by the divergences in electricity, refining and inland
 transport industries.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 327-353 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.939949 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.939949 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:327-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arne Geschke 
Author-X-Name-First: Arne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Daniel Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran 
Title: INVESTIGATING ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO HARMONISE MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT DATA 
Abstract:
 Over recent years a small number of global multi-regional input-output
 (MRIO) databases were developed to describe the entire global economy at
 high sector detail. We investigate the differences that arise out of
 applying different construction procedures for two global MRIO databases:
 The EXIOBASE database, developed as part of the EU FP6 & 7 programs and
 the Eora database developed at the University of Sydney. The procedures
 used in EXIOBASE involve a high degree of interrogation and adjustment
 throughout the construction of the data set, whilst the Eora MRIO relies
 on single-step mathematical programming techniques and high-performance
 computing. We unravel the effect of the different approaches taken to
 develop the databases by undertaking a number of combinatorial experiments
 in which we exchange parts of the construction process between the
 EXIOBASE and Eora build pipelines. We conclude that Eora's highly
 automated data reconciliation approach produces MRIO databases that are of
 comparable quality to those constructed with EXIOBASE's multi-step
 approach. However, the reliability and robustness of the resulting MRIO
 database largely depend on the level of detail and reliability of the
 underlying raw data.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 354-385 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.937069 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.937069 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:354-385




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Troy R. Hawkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Troy R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins 
Author-Name: Edgar G. Hertwich 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertwich 
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker 
Title: HARMONISING NATIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES FOR CONSUMPTION-BASED ACCOUNTING - EXPERIENCES FROM EXIOPOL 
Abstract:
 Environmentally extended, multi-regional, input-output (MRIO) databases
 have emerged to fulfil the need for mapping the impacts of globalisation,
 following resource-intensive supply chains crossing country borders.
 EXIOBASE is one such data set designed for use in analysis relevant to
 resource use and European Union policy. It provides the most detailed
 harmonised sector classification in any MRIO and integrates data from a
 wide range of sources. We review the necessary steps in order to harmonise
 source data in MRIO databases, and describe methods to increase the
 product and industry detail of aggregate supply and use tables (SUTs) in
 order to provide a homogenous classification across countries that allows
 resource-specific modelling. We cover mathematical programming approaches
 used to reconcile data sets, and investigate some implications of reverse
 engineering symmetric input-output tables and disaggregating the SUTs. We
 focus particularly on the footprint multiplier at the product level, where
 policy formation is targeted.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 387-409 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.960913 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.960913 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:387-409




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte 
Author-Name: Sofiane Rebahi 
Author-X-Name-First: Sofiane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rebahi 
Author-Name: Julio S�nchez-Ch�liz 
Author-X-Name-First: Julio 
Author-X-Name-Last: S�nchez-Ch�liz 
Author-Name: Cristina Sarasa 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarasa 
Title: HOUSEHOLDS' BEHAVIOUR AND ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS IN A REGIONAL ECONOMY 
Abstract:
 Households have significant demand-side potential to drive reductions in
 atmospheric emissions, including both direct and indirect emissions. Our
 analysis focuses on the behaviour of a regional economy (Aragon, Spain)
 and its impact on greenhouse gases (GHG) and sulphur dioxide
 (SO<sub>2</sub>). Using a CGE model, we simulate scenarios and evaluate
 the environmental impact of adopting changes considered in the Aragonese
 Climate Change and Clean Energy Strategy. Specifically, we analyse the
 impact of electricity savings and the promotion of public transport (bus
 or train) versus private car use. The results indicate that 1 MWh of
 saving in electricity consumption by households could reduce emissions of
 GHG by 0.112 kt of equivalent CO<sub>2</sub> and 8.209 kg of
 SO<sub>2</sub> with a shift in demand preferences and 0.022 kt of
 equivalent CO<sub>2</sub> and 7.612 kg of SO<sub>2</sub> with an
 efficiency improvement. Moreover, household changes in demand preferences
 regarding private/public transport, also contribute to reduce emissions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 410-430 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.903231 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.903231 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:410-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Author-Name: Jing Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Jing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Dezhi Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Dezhi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: THE POWER OF VISIBLE HANDS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS CONSIDERING THE PEOPLE'S DAILY EFFECT 
Abstract:
 As an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the
 People's Daily (PD) has a critical influence on China's policies and
 economy. This study examines the impact of the PD on China's economic
 structural changes and industry environmental performance. To separate the
 'PD effect' from other effects in total sectoral CO<sub>2</sub> emission
 changes, we propose a new variation of structural decomposition analysis
 using the frequencies of keywords employed in the PD. We use data from the
 PD for 2001 to 2011 and the Chinese input-output tables for 2002, 2005,
 2007, and 2010. The results show that, on average, the PD effect explains
 about 11% of changes in total sectoral CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.
 Specifically, the PD has a relatively strong impact on the mining and
 utility sectors, while its impact on the manufacturing sectors is
 relatively weak.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 431-443 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.939612 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.939612 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:431-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomohiro Okadera 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomohiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okadera 
Author-Name: Nobuhiro Okamoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Nobuhiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okamoto 
Author-Name: Masataka Watanabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Masataka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watanabe 
Author-Name: Jaruwan Chontanawat 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaruwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chontanawat 
Title: REGIONAL WATER FOOTPRINTS OF THE YANGTZE RIVER: AN INTERREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT APPROACH 
Abstract:
 Recently, researchers have applied the multi-regional input-output (MRIO)
 approach to water footprint (WF) analysis. The concept of interregional
 input-output (R-MRIO) was developed to analyse regional issues.
 Researchers have concentrated on the development of global or
 international input-output (N-MRIO) tables. Using the N-MRIO and the
 R-MRIO approach allows the study of global and regional issues,
 respectively. The WF is an indicator influenced by trade among nations and
 regions. However, the treatment of imports in an R-MRIO approach differs
 in whether international imports are separated or combined. We evaluate
 the effects of the difference between these models and discuss policy
 implications for the Yangtze River, China. The WF calculated using the
 combined type model is 11% larger than that by the separated type model.
 This difference can be ascribed to international imports, mainly internal
 consumption and interregional trade. We find that this difference affects
 social equity in water-abundant areas.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 444-462 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.934324 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.934324 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:444-462




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleix Altimiras-Martin 
Author-X-Name-First: Aleix 
Author-X-Name-Last: Altimiras-Martin 
Title: ANALYSING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY USING PHYSICAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 
Abstract:
 Analyses using physical input-output tables (PIOTs) are key to
 understanding the physical metabolism of economies, since they relate
 production to the generation of emissions and use of resources. Two
 methods have been developed to calculate the primary resources and
 emissions associated with a given final demand. However, one of these
 alters the PIOT, revealing different technical coefficients and Leontief
 inverse matrices. Which method should be used for structural analysis? In
 this paper, I compare both methods, explain the structural differences
 between them and illustrate the latter through a backward linkage
 analysis. I find that only one method is suited to the analysis of the
 physical structure of the economy, since it comprehends both the
 production of goods and associated emissions. The method is identified as
 a new model capable of tracing by-products as final outputs. Finally, I
 generalise both methods to analyse PIOTs including several emission types.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 463-485 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.950637 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.950637 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:463-485




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan J. Monge 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Monge 
Author-Name: Henry L. Bryant 
Author-X-Name-First: Henry L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bryant 
Author-Name: David P. Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: David P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Title: DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRICES WITH DETAILED AGRICULTURAL LAND RENT DATA AND IMPROVED VALUE-ADDED COMPONENTS FOR THE USA 
Abstract:
 We describe a method for creating social accounting matrices (SAMs) with
 detailed agricultural land rent data for any arbitrary subset of the 48
 contiguous states in the USA. Data on land use and land rents from various
 public sources is merged with national accounts data. The method
 reorganizes the rental income of persons concept present in national
 accounts to payments to conventional primary factors of production. This
 method also reallocates portions of the indirect business tax account to
 the appropriate sales and import tax accounts. SAMs created using this
 method should be useful inputs into input-output or computable general
 equilibrium models explicitly representing a heterogeneous land market and
 analyzing the economic effects of agricultural, bioenergy, water and
 climate policies on land-use change, land rents, agricultural commodity
 markets, trade and households' welfare. The method's implementation is
 freely available, enabling others to rapidly create SAMs with their own
 desired region and sector aggregations.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 486-510 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.889663 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.889663 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:486-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maaike C. Bouwmeester 
Author-X-Name-First: Maaike C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouwmeester 
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven 
Author-Name: Jos� M. Rueda-Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche 
Title: A NEW SUT CONSOLIDATION METHOD TESTED BY A DECOMPOSITION OF VALUE ADDED AND CO<sub>2</sub> EMBODIED IN EU27 EXPORTS 
Abstract:
 This paper develops a method to consolidate national supply-use tables
 (SUTs) into a single supra-regional SUT. The method deals with mirror
 trade statistics problems, such as the different valuation of imports and
 exports, and it corrects for double-counting re-exports. The method is
 tested by means of a decomposition of value added and CO<sub>2</sub>
 emissions embodied in EU27 exports to third countries. When the national
 SUTs for the period 2000-2007 are used, neglecting intra-European Union
 spillover and feedback effects results in an underestimation of the
 embodied value added of 12-15%. Not consolidating the national tables
 properly leads to a further underestimation of 11-16%. With these
 underestimations removed, EU27 foreign exports still only explain around
 11% of EU27 Gross Domestic Product, whereas they explain 17% of the EU27
 CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Hence, the income benefits of these exports are,
 in relative terms, considerably smaller than their CO<sub>2</sub> emission
 cost.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 511-541 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.892473 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.892473 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Bart Los 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Los 
Title: Editors' Report 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 542-544 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.960912 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.960912 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:542-544




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henrique Morrone 
Author-X-Name-First: Henrique 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrone 
Title: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF DISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES ON THE BRAZILIAN ECONOMY USING AN SCGE MODEL 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic policies on the
 Brazilian economy. We present a two-sector, open-economy, Structuralist
 Computable General Equilibrium model that distinguishes among three
 economic classes and assumes no financial sector. The Social Accounting
 Matrix for Brazil in 2006 serves as a benchmark for our model. We compare
 the medium-run effects of five experiments: an income transfer towards
 formal workers, a transfer to informal labour, an investment shock, an
 exchange rate depreciation, and a policy mix that combines (exchange rate)
 depreciation with income transfer towards modern (sector) workers. The
 policy measures reinforce each other in terms of their potential to
 enhance growth. Our findings underscore the importance of redistributive
 policies to foster economic expansion.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.971101 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.971101 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Maier 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maier 
Author-Name: Anke M�nnig 
Author-X-Name-First: Anke 
Author-X-Name-Last: M�nnig 
Author-Name: Gerd Zika 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zika 
Title: LABOUR DEMAND IN GERMANY BY INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, OCCUPATIONAL FIELD AND QUALIFICATION UNTIL 2025 - MODEL CALCULATIONS USING THE IAB/INFORGE MODEL 
Abstract:
 By means of a trend extrapolation of microcensus structures (undertaken by
 the German Federal Statistical Office) for the time period 1996-2007, the
 projections for labour demand by industrial sector which the IAB already
 has at its disposal can be transferred to demand by occupational field and
 subsequently by qualification level until 2025. The findings which have
 been claimed for some time now are upheld: production-related occupations
 will lose in significance, while further increases in employment
 particularly in occupations in the service sector are to be expected.
 Accordingly, the demand for personnel with a degree from a university or a
 university of applied sciences will go on rising, while the labour market
 opportunities for unskilled workers will continue to fall. However,
 vocational training or its academic counterparts still remain the dominant
 form of training in Germany. A continuing employment trend is to be
 expected here.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 19-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.997678 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.997678 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raymond R. Tan 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan 
Author-Name: Kathleen B. Aviso 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aviso 
Author-Name: Michael Angelo B. Promentilla 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael Angelo B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Promentilla 
Author-Name: Francesca Dianne B. Solis 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Dianne B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solis 
Author-Name: Krista Danielle S. Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Krista Danielle S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Author-Name: Joost R. Santos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos 
Title: A SHOCK ABSORPTION INDEX FOR INOPERABILITY INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS 
Abstract:
 Recent disasters have underscored the importance of enhancing resilience
 in economic systems. In this work, we propose a novel <italic>shock
 absorption index</italic>, which provides a measure of the ability of an
 economic system to tolerate disruptions. It is assumed that there are
 externally defined initial levels of system failure or disruption, as well
 as maximum allowable levels of inoperability for each sector. The shock
 absorption index is defined as the largest fraction of the anticipated
 initial disruption that can be absorbed by the predefined robustness
 limits. It provides an overall measure of the robustness of an economic
 system towards a disruptive event, which is driven by both the economic
 structure and the individual robustness of different sectors. The results
 of two case studies illustrate policy-making insights in identifying and
 prioritizing risk management strategies for critical systems.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 43-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.922462 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.922462 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:43-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Jiansuo Pei 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiansuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pei 
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Kunfu Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Kunfu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Zhipeng Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhipeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: PROCESSING TRADE BIASES THE MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION IN CHINA 
Abstract:
 Vertical specialization (VS) is often measured by the import contents of
 the exports, using an input-output (I-O) framework. Half of China's
 exports are processing exports, which largely depend on imported
 intermediate inputs and tie up upstream as well as downstream trade
 partners. Thus, one would expect to find strong VS for China. Using the
 'ordinary' I-O tables, however, this is not the case. Because the
 production of processing exports is only a small part of total production,
 the average input structure in the I-O table hides the typical features of
 processing exports. Using adapted, tripartite I-O tables (for 2002 and
 2007) in which the processing exports have been singled out, indeed
 reveals the expected strong VS in China.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 60-76 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.955463 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.955463 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:60-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs 
Author-X-Name-Last: ten Raa 
Author-Name: Victoria Shestalova 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shestalova 
Title: SUPPLY-USE FRAMEWORK FOR INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
 The technical variation between countries in the production of goods and
 services, in terms of not only input coefficients, but also emission
 coefficients, creates scope for international trade to reduce
 environmental pressures. For this purpose we extend the theory of trade
 and the environment as to accommodate technical variation between
 countries in production and emissions. We use and steer close to the
 extended input and output tables, which include emission data. By treating
 environmental standards analogous to capital and labor capacity
 constraints, the aggregation problem for economic and environmental
 measures gets the same format as the well-understood aggregation problem
 for labor and capital. In a pilot application we determine the gains to
 free trade in products and emission permits.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 77-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.922461 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.922461 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:77-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa 
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs 
Author-X-Name-Last: ten Raa 
Author-Name: Victoria Shestalova 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shestalova 
Title: COMPLEMENTARITY IN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS AND STOCHASTICS 
Abstract:
 The complementarity between the quantity and value systems of input-output
 analysis is shown to be the basis of the complementarity problem approach
 to computable general equilibrium. The numerical superiority of the latter
 to the linear programming approach facilitates stochastic analysis of
 input-output scenarios. For the example where Kyoto targets are
 underachieved to uncertain degrees, confidence intervals are derived for
 the associated consumption reductions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 95-100 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.987109 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.987109 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:95-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Koesler 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koesler 
Author-Name: Michael Schymura 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schymura 
Title: SUBSTITUTION ELASTICITIES IN A CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION FRAMEWORK - EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES USING NONLINEAR LEAST SQUARES 
Abstract:
 Elasticities are key parameters for any economic analysis. Using the
 World-Input-Output Database, we estimate substitution elasticities for a
 three-level nested constant elasticity of substitution KLEM production
 structure using up to date nonlinear least squares estimation procedures.
 This allows us for the first time to use one coherent data set for the
 estimation process. Furthermore, it gives us the opportunity to derive
 elasticities from the same data which researchers can use to calibrate
 their models. On the basis of our estimations, we demonstrate that the
 practice of using Cobb-Douglas or Leontief production functions in
 economic models must be rejected for the majority of sectors. We provide a
 comprehensive set of estimated substitution elasticities covering a wide
 range of sectors. Our results suggest that no substantial change in input
 substitutability takes place during the time period we consider. Moreover,
 there is no substantial variation in substitution elasticities across
 regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 101-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.926266 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.926266 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:101-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henryk Gurgul 
Author-X-Name-First: Henryk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgul 
Author-Name: Tomasz W�jtowicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: W�jtowicz 
Title: ON THE ECONOMIC INTERPRETATION OF THE BR�DY CONJECTURE 
Abstract:
 The aim of the paper is to study the economic aspects of the Br�dy
 conjecture: an increase in the size of a (random) input matrix causes a
 decline in the ratio of its subdominant and dominant eigenvalues and
 implies faster convergence to equilibrium [Br�dy, A. (1997) The Second
 Eigenvalue of the Leontief Matrix. <italic>Economic Systems
 Research</italic>, 9, 253-258]. Simulation results provide evidence that
 this ratio depends inversely on the level of data aggregation and can
 therefore not be a good indicator of the speed of convergence of an
 economy to its equilibrium path. We show that this is consistent with
 findings based on actual input-output tables of EU member states. These
 results imply that theorems about the speed of convergence of random
 matrices are not useful in describing the cyclical dynamics of real
 economies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 122-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.979138 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.979138 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:122-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taelim Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Taelim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Title: UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CITIES AND EMISSIONS EMBODIED IN TRADE 
Abstract:
 The attribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions embedded in
 interregionally traded products to either production or consumption
 regions is a key issue to the understanding of the global environmental
 responsibility of metropolitan areas. In this paper we identify GHG
 emissions for which metropolitan areas assume responsibility by allocating
 emissions embodied in import and export products to regions of either
 consumption or production in the cases of three US metropolitan areas. The
 case studies show that embodied emissions in both export and import
 products accounted for 63-73% of total GHG emissions directly and
 indirectly pertaining to these metropolitan economies. These findings
 suggest that an accounting method that incorporates emissions embodied in
 product trade has relevance to the development of local policies that
 govern actions ranging from redirecting metropolitan development patterns
 toward low carbon emissions to promoting sustainable consumption behavior,
 particularly those involving the collaboration of cities.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 133-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1012638 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1012638 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:133-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos A. L�pez-Morales 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: L�pez-Morales 
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF POLICY RESTRICTIONS ON WATER WITHDRAWALS FROM SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND SOURCES 
Abstract:
 The appropriation of water for economic activities is limited by regional
 surface and underground endowments, and symptoms of environmentally
 unsustainable withdrawals are already visible in many regions of the
 world. In this paper we investigate the economic implications of water
 policy imposing source- and region-specific restrictions on water
 withdrawals taking the Mexican economy as a case study. We use an
 inter-regional input-output model of Mexico's hydro-economic regions to
 allocate production subject to the availability of water and other factors
 of production. Water sustainability requires a reduction of 7.5
 km-super-3/yr of groundwater withdrawals, which is compensated by an
 increase of 3.4 km-super-3/yr of surface water, an expansion onto an
 additional 1.4 million hectares of rainfed land, and modifications in
 subnational patterns of food trade. This framework for evaluating
 scenarios describing sustainability-oriented water policies is readily
 applicable to other regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 154-171 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.980224 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.980224 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:154-171




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Bachmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bachmann 
Author-Name: Matthew J. Roorda 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roorda 
Author-Name: Chris Kennedy 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy 
Title: DEVELOPING A MULTI-SCALE MULTI-REGION INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL 
Abstract:
 Many efforts have recently been devoted to developing global multi-region
 input-output (GMRIO) models. Unfortunately, the scales of GMRIO models do
 not allow them to capture the heterogeneity of regions within a single
 country. Multi-scale models can provide more comprehensive analyses
 capable of capturing the interdependencies of the global economy while
 preserving regional differences. The primary objective of this research is
 to develop methods for integrating multi-region input-output data sets
 from multiple spatial scales into multi-scale multi-region input-output
 (MSMRIO) models. These methods result in models that may have unusual
 features such as non-square trade coefficient matrices and a mix of
 industry-by-industry and commodity-by-commodity technical coefficients. To
 demonstrate the feasibility of MSMRIO modelling, a Canada-centric model
 was developed. This model includes 47 countries and Canada's 13
 subnational regions. A MSMRIO model provides a tool to analyse global
 issues with a more spatially detailed focus.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 172-193 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.987730 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.987730 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:172-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leonie Wenz 
Author-X-Name-First: Leonie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenz 
Author-Name: Sven Norman Willner 
Author-X-Name-First: Sven Norman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Willner 
Author-Name: Alexander Radebach 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Radebach 
Author-Name: Robert Bierkandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bierkandt 
Author-Name: Jan Christoph Steckel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steckel 
Author-Name: Anders Levermann 
Author-X-Name-First: Anders 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levermann 
Title: REGIONAL AND SECTORAL DISAGGREGATION OF MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES - A FLEXIBLE ALGORITHM 
Abstract:
 A common shortcoming of available multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data
 sets is their lack of regional and sectoral detail required for many
 research questions (e.g. in the field of disaster impact analysis). We
 present a simple algorithm to refine MRIO tables regionally and/or
 sectorally. By the use of proxy data, each MRIO flow in question is
 disaggregated into the corresponding sub-flows. This downscaling procedure
 is complemented by an adjustment rule ensuring that the sub-flows match
 the superordinate flow in sum. The approximation improves along several
 iteration steps. The algorithm unfolds its strength through the flexible
 combination of multiple, possibly incomplete proxy data sources. It is
 also flexible in a sense that any target sector and region resolution can
 be chosen. As an exemplary case we apply the algorithm to a regional and
 sectoral refinement of the Eora MRIO database.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 194-212 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.987731 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.987731 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:194-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerhard Streicher 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Streicher 
Author-Name: Robert Stehrer 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stehrer 
Title: WHITHER PANAMA? CONSTRUCTING A CONSISTENT AND BALANCED WORLD SUT SYSTEM INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRANSPORT MARGINS 
Abstract:
 This paper extends work done within the World Input-Output Database
 project (WIOD), which compiled supply and use tables (SUTs) for 40
 countries, covering about 85% of the world economy, by adding SUTs for the
 "rest of the world" (RoW), the approximately 15% of the world economy not
 covered by the 40 countries included in the WIOD database, ensuring a
 consistent and balanced world SUT system. The term "consistency" means
 that at the world level, all flows of goods and services balance, properly
 accounting for trade and transport services used in international trade
 (the "cif-fob difference"). This results in SUTs for the RoW which,
 together with bilateral trade matrices for all commodities (and together
 with the 40 national SUTs from the WIOD project), describe a consistent
 SUT system at the world level.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 213-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.991777 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.991777 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:213-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuoying Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuoying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Minjun Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Minjun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Zhao Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: THE COMPILATION OF CHINA'S INTERREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL 2002 
Abstract:
 The increasing economic interaction among various regions in China makes
 the construction of an interregional input-output table relevant for
 economic studies. This paper elaborates the model compilation procedure of
 the China Interregional Input-output model 2002. The key features of the
 model compilation include: (1) using representative commodities to
 estimate the interregional commodity flows of the primary industries; (2)
 adopting functions to estimate the decreasing interregional transportation
 of manufacturing sectors in relation to distance and (3) selecting
 appropriate indicators to estimate the interregional commodity flows of
 non-material sectors. This study is an initial attempt in interregional
 input-output modelling and might be helpful for economic studies at the
 levels of micro-regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 238-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1040740 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1040740 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kijin Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Kijin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena 
Author-Name: Geoffrey J.D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Title: THE EXTENDED ECONOMETRIC INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS HOUSEHOLD DEMAND SYSTEM 
Abstract:
 This paper proposes an extension to the regional econometric input-output
 model (REIM) [Conway, R.S. (1990) The Washington Projection and Simulation
 Model: A Regional Interindustry Econometric Model. <italic>International
 Regional Science Review</italic>, 13, 141-165; Israilevich, P.R., G.J.D.
 Hewings, M. Sonis and G.R. Schindler (1997) Forecasting Structural Change
 with a Regional Econometric Input-Output Model. <italic>Journal of
 Regional Science</italic>, 37, 565-590]. We integrate a demand system with
 age and income parameters into the REIM. The extended model thus addresses
 concerns about the effects of household heterogeneity. The initial testing
 is conducted with a model for the Chicago metropolitan area. First, using
 aggregate expenditure data by income and age groups, the almost ideal
 demand system with group fixed effects is constructed. Next, the estimated
 demand system is linked to the REIM to reflect long-term changes in the
 age and income distribution of households. The long-range simulation from
 the extended model takes into account structural changes in expenditure
 type stemming from changing demographic composition. The extended model
 further broadens the scope of impact analysis under various scenarios
 associated with age and income changes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 257-285 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.991778 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.991778 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huiwen Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Huiwen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Cheng Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Haitao Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Haitao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Author-Name: Haoyun Feng 
Author-X-Name-First: Haoyun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng 
Author-Name: Rong Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: Rong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Author-Name: Wen Long 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Long 
Title: Updating Input-Output Tables with Benchmark Table Series 
Abstract:
 Numerous methods have been proposed to update input-output (I-O) tables.
 They rely on the assumption that the economic structure will not change
 significantly during the interpolation period. However, this assumption
 may not always hold, particularly for countries experiencing rapid
 development. This study attempts to combine forecasting with a matrix
 transformation technique (MTT) to provide a new perspective on updating
 I-O tables. Under the assumption that changes in the trend of an economic
 structure are statistically significant, the method extrapolates I-O
 tables by combining time series models with an MTT and proceeds with only
 the total value added during the target years. A simulation study and
 empirical analysis are conducted to compare the forecasting performance of
 the MTT to the Generalized RAS (GRAS) and Kuroda methods. The results show
 that the comprehensive performance of the MTT is better than the
 performance of the GRAS and Kuroda methods, as measured by the
 Standardized Total Percentage Error, Theil's U and Mean Absolute
 Percentage Error indices.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 287-305 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1053846 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1053846 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I�aki Arto 
Author-X-Name-First: I�aki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arto 
Author-Name: Valeria Andreoni 
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andreoni 
Author-Name: Jose Manuel Rueda Cantuche 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda Cantuche 
Title: Global Impacts of the Automotive Supply Chain Disruption Following the Japanese Earthquake of 2011 
Abstract:
 This paper provides an input-output method to estimate worldwide economic
 impacts generated by supply chain disruptions. The method is used to
 analyse global economic effects due to the disruptions in the automotive
 industry that followed the Japanese earthquake and the consequent tsunami
 and nuclear crisis of March 2011. By combining a mixed multi-regional
 input-output model, the World Input-Output Database and data at the
 factory level, the study quantifies the economic impacts of the
 disruptions broken down by country and industry. The results show that the
 global economic effect (in terms of value added) of this disruption
 amounted to US$139 billion. The most affected (groups of) countries were
 Japan (39%), the USA (25%), China (8%) and the European Union (7%). The
 most strongly affected industries were transport equipment (37%), other
 business activities (10%), basic and fabricated metals (8%), wholesale
 trade (7%) and financial intermediation (4%).
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 306-323 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1034657 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1034657 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristian Mardones 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mardones 
Title: An Income Tax Increase to Fund Higher Education: A CGE Analysis for Chile 
Abstract:
 An increase in income taxes to fund education was one of the demands made
 by the social movements that emerged in Chile in 2011. Currently, the
 Chilean Congress is enacting a tax reform to raise money for higher
 education. This study aims to show the dynamic effects on the general
 equilibrium of the Chilean economy under two alternative approaches: a
 subsidy to lower the price of higher education (public and private), and
 greater spending on public higher education to reduce household payments
 for education. The social accounting matrix (SAM) used to calibrate the
 computable general equilibrium (CGE) model has 38 economic sectors,
 including the production structure of private education and public
 education. The study mainly concludes that a subsidy policy has
 significant advantages over increasing higher public education spending,
 regarding its effects on variables such as GDP, investment, and household
 incomes, while both policies have a similar effect on poverty and income
 distribution.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 324-344 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1030359 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1030359 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:324-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esteban Fernandez Vazquez 
Author-X-Name-First: Esteban 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez Vazquez 
Author-Name: Geoffrey J. D. Hewings 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J. D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings 
Author-Name: Carmen Ramos Carvajal 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos Carvajal 
Title: Adjustment of Input-Output Tables from Two Initial Matrices 
Abstract:
 The compilation of the information required to construct survey-based
 input-output (I-O) tables consumes resources and time to statistical
 agencies. Consequently, a number of non-survey techniques have been
 developed in the last decades to estimate I-O tables. These techniques
 usually depart from observable information on the row and column margins,
 and then the cells of the matrix are adjusted using as a priori
 information a matrix from a past period (updating) or an I-O table from
 the same time period (regionalization). This paper proposes the use of a
 composite cross-entropy approach that allows for introducing both types of
 a priori information. The suggested methodology is suitable to be applied
 only to matrices with semi-positive interior cells and margins. Numerical
 simulations and an empirical application are carried out, where an I-O
 table for the Euro Area is estimated with this method and the result is
 compared with the traditional projection techniques.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 345-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1007839 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1007839 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nazmi Demir 
Author-X-Name-First: Nazmi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Demir 
Author-Name: Mehmet Nihat Solakoglu 
Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Nihat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solakoglu 
Author-Name: Ebru Guven Solakoglu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ebru Guven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solakoglu 
Title: A Test for a Functioning Market Economy: Seton'S Eigenprices of Turkey 
Abstract:
 We use Seton's eigenprices to see if some evidence can be found in support
 of the European Commission's official statement that the Turkish economy
 can be considered as a functioning market economy. Given an input-output
 flows matrix, there is a unique set of prices for outputs and production
 factors compatible with final demand, generating demand for factors. The
 findings based on Turkey's most recent I-O table and comparable I-O
 matrices for Romania and Poland (two EU members) in 2005 show that price
 distortions were on average five times larger in Turkey. Hence, based on
 price distortions alone, there was no solid evidence in support of the
 statement that Turkey had a functioning market economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 362-373 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1071706 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1071706 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tsutomu Harada 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsutomu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harada 
Title: Changing Productive Relations, Linkage Effects, and Industrialization 
Abstract:
 This paper develops a multi-sector endogenous innovation model that is
 able to take changing productive relations among sectors into account. It
 is shown that while productivity and demand shocks do not induce any
 changes in productive relations and linkage effects, shocks in the
 productivity of R&D increase both backward and forward linkages. Key
 sectors are characterized as having high forward and backward linkages,
 which are consistent with the definition of key sectors in the existing
 empirical studies. However, vertical specialization generates not only
 sectors with high backward and low forward linkages, but also sectors with
 low backward and high forward linkages. As a consequence of this vertical
 specialization, the latter sectors become key sectors, in the sense that
 they have significant effects on business fluctuations. This implies that
 general-purpose technology sectors emerge, and sector-specific policies
 for these sectors play a critical role in economic development and growth.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 374-390 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1081876 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1081876 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony T. Flegg 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flegg 
Author-Name: Yongming Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yongming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Timo Tohmo 
Author-X-Name-First: Timo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tohmo 
Title: Using Charm to Adjust for Cross-Hauling: The Case of the Province of Hubei, China 
Abstract:
 Data for the Chinese province of Hubei are used to assess the performance
 of Kronenberg's Cross-Hauling Adjusted Regionalization Method (CHARM), a
 method that takes explicit account of cross-hauling when constructing
 regional input-output tables. A key determinant of cross-hauling is held
 to be the heterogeneity of commodities, which is estimated using national
 data. However, contrary to the authors' findings for Finland, CHARM does
 not generate reliable estimates of Hubei's sectoral exports, imports and
 volume of trade, although it is more successful in estimating sectoral
 supply multipliers. The poor simulations of regional trade are attributed
 to the fact that Hubei is a relatively small region, where there is a
 large divergence between regional and national technology and pattern of
 final demand. The simulation errors are decomposed into components
 reflecting differences between regional and national technology, final
 demand and heterogeneity. The third component is found to be the least
 important of the three sources of error.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 391-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1043516 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1043516 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jorge G&#xf3;mez-Paredes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge 
Author-X-Name-Last: G&#xf3;mez-Paredes 
Author-Name: Eiji Yamasue 
Author-X-Name-First: Eiji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamasue 
Author-Name: Hideyuki Okumura 
Author-X-Name-First: Hideyuki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okumura 
Author-Name: Keiichi N. Ishihara 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichi N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ishihara 
Title: THE LABOUR FOOTPRINT: A FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS LABOUR IN A COMPLEX ECONOMY 
Abstract:
 As addressing labour becomes crucial in the move towards sustainability,
 there is the need for assessment tools suitable for current complex
 economic systems. This article presents an input--output based framework
 (&#x2018;labour footprint&#x2019;) for evaluating labour issues behind the
 production of different economic commodities, including entire supply
 chains. In line with the guidelines of the International Labour
 Organization, six labour issues are considered: collective bargaining,
 forced labour, child labour, gender inequality, hazardous work, and social
 security. This conceptual article sets to (a) define this footprint's
 labour dimensions, (b) cite relevant data sources, (c) describe its
 calculation, (d) illustrate its application through a case study, and (e)
 discuss this framework's relevance from &#x2018;conscious
 consumption&#x2019;, &#x2018;supply chain responsibility&#x2019;, and
 regulators' standpoints. Since it advances the evaluation of fundamental
 labour issues and the scope of multi-criteria analyses, this footprint may
 be a valuable tool for sustainability assessments.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 415-439 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2014.998173 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2014.998173 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bram Edens 
Author-X-Name-First: Bram 
Author-X-Name-Last: Edens 
Author-Name: Rutger Hoekstra 
Author-X-Name-First: Rutger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra 
Author-Name: Daan Zult 
Author-X-Name-First: Daan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zult 
Author-Name: Oscar Lemmers 
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemmers 
Author-Name: Harry Wilting 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilting 
Author-Name: Ronghao Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronghao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: A METHOD TO CREATE CARBON FOOTPRINT ESTIMATES CONSISTENT WITH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0011"/> 
Abstract:
 Although multiregional input--output (MRIO) databases use data from
 national statistical offices, the reconciliation of various data sources
 results in significantly altered country data. This makes it problematic
 to use MRIO-based footprints for national policy-making. This paper
 develops a potential solution using the Netherlands as case study. The
 method ensures that the footprint is derived from an MRIO dataset (in our
 case the World Input--Output Database (WIOD)) that is made consistent with
 Dutch National accounts data. Furthermore, usage of microdata allows us to
 separate re-exports at the company level. The adjustment results in a
 foreign footprint in 2009 that is 22% lower than the original WIOD
 estimates and a significantly altered country allocation. We demonstrate
 that already in the data preparation phase due to the treatment of
 re-exports and margins, large differences arise with Dutch national
 statistics, which may help explain the variation in footprint estimates
 across MRIO databases.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 440-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1048428 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1048428 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arkaitz Usubiaga 
Author-X-Name-First: Arkaitz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Usubiaga 
Author-Name: Jos&#xe9; Acosta-Fern&#xe1;ndez 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos&#xe9; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acosta-Fern&#xe1;ndez 
Title: CARBON EMISSION ACCOUNTING IN MRIO MODELS: THE TERRITORY VS. THE RESIDENCE PRINCIPLE 
Abstract:
 Consumption-based CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, which are commonly calculated
 by means of environmentally extended input--output analysis, are gaining
 wider recognition as a way to complement territorial emission inventories.
 Although their use has increased significantly in the last years,
 insufficient attention has been paid to the methodological soundness of
 the underlying environmental extension. This should follow the
 internationally agreed accounting rules of the System of
 Environmental-Economic Accounting, which addresses the activities
 undertaken by the <italic>residents of a country</italic>, independent
 from where these take place. Nonetheless, some footprint calculations use
 extensions that account for all the activities <italic>within the
 territory</italic>, which leads to methodological inconsistencies. Thus,
 this article introduces the most relevant conceptual differences between
 these accounting frameworks and shows the magnitude of the gap between
 them building on the data generated for the EXIOBASE model. It concludes
 that the differences are high for many countries and their magnitude is
 increasing over time.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 458-477 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1049126 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1049126 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:458-477




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher 
Author-Name: Ronald E. Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Title: REFLECTIONS ON THE INOPERABILITY INPUT--OUTPUT MODEL 
Abstract:
 We argue that the inoperability input--output model is a straightforward
 -- albeit potentially very relevant -- application of the standard
 input--output model. In addition, we propose two less standard
 input--output approaches as alternatives to take into consideration when
 analyzing the effects of disasters or disruptions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 478-486 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1052375 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1052375 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:478-486




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes T&#xf6;bben 
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes 
Author-X-Name-Last: T&#xf6;bben 
Author-Name: Tobias Heinrich Kronenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Heinrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kronenberg 
Title: CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT--OUTPUT TABLES USING THE CHARM METHOD 
Abstract:
 Subnational multi-regional input--output tables (IOT) are important tools
 for studying interregional socio-economic and/or environmental
 interrelations that help to address a wide range of current societal,
 ecological and economic challenges. However, the lack of subnational
 input--output data is a major obstacle which leads to a wide use of
 non-survey methods. Like other non-survey methods, the cross-hauling
 adjusted regionalization method (CHARM) was originally developed for the
 construction of single-regional IOT. In this paper, we extend CHARM to the
 case of bi- and multi-regional IOT. We find that the original CHARM
 formula has two limitations that are also of great importance for the
 single-regional case: First, cross-hauling in interregional trade is
 implicitly set to zero and, second, accounting balances may be violated
 owing to structural differences between the regional and national
 economies. We present a modified formula addressing these issues and
 examine its performance in terms of a case study.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 487-507 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1091765 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1091765 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:487-507




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esteban Fernandez-Vazquez 
Author-X-Name-First: Esteban 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez-Vazquez 
Title: EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF NON-LINEAR INPUT--OUTPUT MODELS: AN ENTROPY ECONOMETRICS APPROACH<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0001a"/> 
Abstract:
 Despite theoretical advances, non-linear input--output models have been
 empirically applied only to a limited extent. This is mainly due to the
 fact that the number of parameters to be estimated is much higher than the
 number of available data points. Taking advantage of the recent
 proliferation of input--output databases and by applying an estimation
 strategy that relies on entropy econometrics, this paper suggests a way to
 estimate the parameters that characterize non-linear relationships between
 inputs and output. This non-linear modelling allows for considering
 time-specific input coefficients, instead of fixed ones. Several types of
 multipliers can be derived from this non-linear model, and the proposed
 generalized maximum entropy (GME) estimator allows estimating them from
 time series or cross-sectional datasets of input--output tables. The
 proposed GME technique is illustrated by means of an empirical application
 that estimates the parameters that characterize a non-linear input--output
 model for the Spanish economy over the period 1995--2011.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 508-524 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1102715 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1102715 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:508-524




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clemente Polo 
Author-X-Name-First: Clemente 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polo 
Author-Name: Raimundo Viejo 
Author-X-Name-First: Raimundo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viejo 
Title: ON THE ACCURACY OF CGE FORECASTS IN EXPANSION AND RECESSION: SPAIN 1990--1997 
Abstract:
 A recursive dynamic disaggregated computable general equilibrium model of
 the Spanish economy is used to compare the model predictions of endogenous
 variables with their observed values over the period 1991--1997. It
 includes 12 producers, 12 households, government and 2 external sectors.
 There are four types of labour and real wages that depend on unemployment
 rates. Private investment is determined by private savings and public and
 external surpluses. Domestic products and imports are imperfect
 substitutes. All exogenous variables and tax parameters are updated every
 year with the best available information. The model provides rather
 accurate predictions in 1991, a normal year, but it underestimates the
 intensity of the 1992--1993 recession. It also predicts dramatic reversals
 of trade balances in response to devaluations. These results suggest both
 that investment savings-driven models provide useful insights in the
 medium term but underestimate the consequences of downturns, and that
 Armington's elascitities typically assumed may be too large.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 525-542 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1102126 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1102126 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:525-542




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey C. Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: Thomas W. Hertel 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertel 
Title: Matrix balancing with unknown total costs: preserving economic relationships in the electric power sector 
Abstract:
 Many preferred matrix balancing methods suffer limitations when total
 costs (i.e. column sums) are unknown or uncertain. If the total cost
 (column) constraint is relaxed, economic relationships both between inputs
 to and/or amongst the sub-sectors may not be preserved (i.e. cost
 structure and row share, respectively). These relationships are
 significant in modeling, where production behavior depends on relative
 costs. This paper presents a share preserving cross-entropy (SPCE)
 approach which targets economic relationships directly and allows the
 column constraint to be relaxed. Further, the SPCE solution is identical
 to the RAS solution when the column constraint is imposed. This
 cross-entropy formulation complements an existing sum squared error-type
 approach. The two matrix balancing methods are demonstrated with a
 disaggregation of the electric power industry where only unit input costs
 are known with greater certainty. There is a clear trade-off between
 preserving economic relationships versus the column totals when compared
 to their column-constrained counterparts.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 1-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1124068 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1124068 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony T. Flegg 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flegg 
Author-Name: Leonardo J. Mastronardi 
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mastronardi 
Author-Name: Carlos A. Romero 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Romero 
Title: Evaluating the FLQ and AFLQ formulae for estimating regional input coefficients: empirical evidence for the province of C&#xf3;rdoba, Argentina 
Abstract:
 This paper uses survey-based data of the Argentinian province of
 C&#xf3;rdoba to conduct an empirical test of the performance of the
 Flegg's location quotient (FLQ) and augmented FLQ (AFLQ) formulae for
 estimating regional input coefficients. A comparison is made with
 conventional methods based on location quotients. The possibility of using
 prior information about the extent of self-sufficiency of particular
 sectors is explored. The empirical work employs a range of statistical
 criteria with contrasting properties, and examines performance in terms of
 each method's ability to estimate regional input coefficients, output
 multipliers and imports. Particular attention is paid to the problem of
 choosing a value for the unknown parameter <italic>&#x3b4;</italic> in the
 FLQ and AFLQ formulae. These formulae are found to give the best overall
 results of the non-survey methods considered in the paper. However, the
 AFLQ typically produces slightly more accurate results than the FLQ, in
 line with the findings of previous studies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 21-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1103703 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1103703 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberto Roson 
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roson 
Author-Name: Martina Sartori 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartori 
Title: Input--output linkages and the propagation of domestic productivity shocks: assessing alternative theories with stochastic simulation 
Abstract:
 Relatively small sectoral productivity shocks could lead to sizable
 macroeconomic variability. Whereas most contributions in the literature
 analyze the issue of aggregate sensitivity using simple general
 equilibrium models, a novel approach is proposed in this paper, based on
 stochastic simulations with a global computable general equilibrium model.
 We find that the variability of the GDP, induced by sectoral shocks, is
 basically determined by the degree of industrial concentration as measured
 by the Herfindahl index of industrial value added. The degree of
 centrality in inter-industrial connectivity, measured by the standard
 deviation of second-order degrees, is mildly significant, but it is also
 correlated with the industrial concentration index. After controlling for
 the correlation effect, we find that connectivity turns out to be
 statistically significant, although less so than granularity.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 38-54 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1132194 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1132194 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daria Ciriaci 
Author-X-Name-First: Daria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciriaci 
Author-Name: Daniela Palma 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palma 
Title: Structural change and blurred sectoral boundaries: assessing the extent to which knowledge-intensive business services satisfy manufacturing final demand in Western countries<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0000"/> 
Abstract:
 This paper focuses on the vertical integration of knowledge-intensive
 business services (KIBS) into manufacturing sectors, using a subsystem
 approach to input--output analysis. It aims at correctly assessing the
 process of structural change that has occurred in the four main European
 countries (France, Germany, Italy and the UK) over time (1995--2005). It
 does not focus on KIBS sectors per se, but on their function as carriers
 and sources of knowledge which influences the performance of sectors,
 value chains and clusters across industries and within countries. The
 analysis shows that KIBS&#x2019; contribution to satisfying the final
 demand of manufacturing is in general largely underestimated; that KIBS
 vertical integration into manufacturing has increased over time in all the
 countries investigated except the UK; and that the extent to which
 manufacturing sectors outsource to KIBS is significantly affected by their
 technological intensity.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 55-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1101370 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1101370 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kjartan Steen-Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kjartan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steen-Olsen 
Author-Name: Anne Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Author-Name: John Barrett 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett 
Author-Name: Dabo Guan 
Author-X-Name-First: Dabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan 
Author-Name: Edgar G. Hertwich 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertwich 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann 
Title: Accounting for value added embodied in trade and consumption: an intercomparison of global multiregional input--output databases 
Abstract:
 Global multiregional input--output (MRIO) tables constitute detailed
 accounts of the economic activity worldwide. Global trade models based on
 MRIO tables are being used to calculate important economic and
 environmental indicators such as value added in trade or the carbon
 footprint of nations. Such applications are highly relevant in
 international trade and climate policy negotiations, and consequently MRIO
 model results are being scrutinized for their accuracy and
 reproducibility. We investigate the variation in results from three major
 MRIO databases by comparing underlying economic data and territorial and
 consumption-based results across databases. Although global value-added
 accounts were similar across databases, we find some significant
 differences at the level of individual countries and sectors. Model
 disagreement was relatively stable from the territorial to the consumption
 perspective. Pairwise matrix comparison statistics indicated that the
 Global Trade Analysis Project and World Input-Output Database MRIO tables
 were overall more similar to each other than either was to the Eora
 database.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 78-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1141751 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1141751 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ferran Portella-Carb&#xf3; 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Portella-Carb&#xf3; 
Title: Effects of international trade on domestic employment: an application of a global multiregional input--output supermultiplier model (1995--2011) 
Abstract:
 The effects on domestic employment of international trade and the
 globalisation of supply chains are as politically controversial as they
 are empirically inconclusive. To estimate them we extend the global
 multiregional input--output framework by endogenising demand for both
 domestic and imported intermediates, private business investment and
 household non-durable consumption -- or equivalently, we generalise the
 supermultiplier formula. The model accounts, in particular, for the
 employment consequences of economic integration and those channelled
 through integration. We estimate these foreign sector effects alongside
 those of domestic origin using a recursive hierarchical structural
 decomposition analysis and statistics from the World Input--Output
 Database and National Accounts that cover years 1995--2011. Focusing on
 Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the UK, the US, Japan and China we answer
 the following questions: To what extent did international linkages
 deriving from international trade affect domestic employment? Did domestic
 employment benefit from economic integration?
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 95-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1142429 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1142429 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: Structural analyses of energy use and carbon emissions -- an overview 
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 119-132 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1170991 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1170991 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsten S. Wiebe 
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebe 
Title: The impact of renewable energy diffusion on European consumption-based emissions<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0000"/> 
Abstract:
 The amount of carbon embedded in the final consumption of goods and
 services in a country or region depends on the amount of goods and
 services consumed and the emission intensity of the production processes
 along global production chains. A reduction of consumption-based emissions
 can be achieved from both sides, a reduction in total consumption and a
 reduction in the emission intensity of the production processes. The power
 sector is one of the most carbon intensive industries along global
 production chains and the global deployment of renewable power generation
 technologies (RPGTs) is one possibility to significantly reduce emissions
 in this industry. This paper combines three different strands of
 literature, multi-regional input--output analysis, dynamic
 energy--economy--environment models and technological change in renewable
 energy (RE), to model the impact of the global diffusion of renewable
 energies on European consumption-based emissions. The global diffusion of
 RE technologies (photovoltaic and wind) depends on the development of
 technology costs, which are modeled using learning curves. With increasing
 deployment of renewables within the EU as well as increasing RD&D efforts,
 the EU can achieve an accelerated costs decrease for these technologies,
 thus fostering deployment of RPGTs at a global scale through the effect of
 decreasing costs. This behavior indirectly influences the electricity mix
 abroad, making it less carbon intensive, so that consumption-based
 emissions of the EU decrease.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 133-150 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1113936 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1113936 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rutger Hoekstra 
Author-X-Name-First: Rutger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra 
Author-Name: Bernhard Michel 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Michel 
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh 
Title: The emission cost of international sourcing: using structural decomposition analysis to calculate the contribution of international sourcing to CO<sub>2</sub>-emission growth 
Abstract:
 The effect of changes in trade patterns, particularly increasing
 international sourcing, on global CO<sub>2</sub>-emissions growth has yet
 to be clearly understood. In this paper, we estimate the emission cost of
 sourcing (ECS), which originates from replacing domestic products by
 imports from countries with more CO<sub>2</sub>-intensive technologies.
 Using a structural decomposition analysis, we find that changes in
 sourcing patterns between 1995 and 2007 contribute (1) to reducing
 territorial emissions in high-wage countries (70% of their territorial
 emissions growth) and (2) to increasing territorial emissions in low-wage
 countries (30% of their territorial emissions increase). The net global
 effect, the ECS, amounts to 18% of total global CO<sub>2</sub>-emissions
 growth. Our results call the climate change policies based on territorial
 principles into question given that they disregard that differences in
 emission intensities between countries contribute to raising global
 emissions. In contrast, policies fostering the transfer of cleaner
 technologies to low-wage countries decrease the ECS.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 151-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1166099 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1166099 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arunima Malik 
Author-X-Name-First: Arunima 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik 
Author-Name: Jun Lan 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan 
Title: The role of outsourcing in driving global carbon emissions 
Abstract:
 Globalisation has narrowed the gap between producers and consumers of
 goods and services. The linkages between international trade and carbon
 dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions have started to be recognised, yet the
 extent of outsourcing of emissions across nations is unknown. Filling this
 gap in knowledge is critical for designing effective policy mechanisms for
 assigning responsibility for reductions in emissions. Here we present a
 structural decomposition analysis of global trends in outsourcing of
 emissions from 1990 to 2010 for 186 individual countries. To this end, we
 disaggregate total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for each country into
 contributions from the domestic economy and international trade. This
 allows us to unveil outsourcing trends for all nations confirming a
 world-wide shifting of emissions-intensive production across borders. We
 categorise nations into &#x201c;outsourcers&#x201d; -- countries that
 outsource carbon-intensive production to so-called contractor nations. Our
 detailed assessment of the commodity content of global outsourcing flows
 reveals interesting insights about the trade of carbon-intensive
 commodities.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 168-182 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1172475 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1172475 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haiyan Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Michael L. Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Author-Name: Jun Bi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bi 
Title: Challenges of green consumption in China: a household energy use perspective 
Abstract:
 To encourage economic progress, China's government has been pushing
 domestic consumption as a substitute for its waning growth in investment
 and exports. It has also been promoting greener policies for growth, of
 which green consumerism is a prime component. By examining the economy
 through the lens of household energy consumption, this paper lays out the
 challenges the nation must overcome through green consumption. We explore
 the trends in household energy use and decompose energy used indirectly by
 households into six factors: changes in total population, urbanization
 rate, energy efficiency, interindustry input mix, household consumption
 preferences, and per capita household consumption level. Doing so yields
 insights into how progress in industrial technology, household income,
 urbanization, and lifestyles has affected energy use in the production of
 goods and services used by households. It also offers policy suggestions
 on how China might guide lifestyle changes to effect green consumption.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 183-201 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1144563 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1144563 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zeus Guevara 
Author-X-Name-First: Zeus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guevara 
Author-Name: Jo&#xe3;o F. D. Rodrigues 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo&#xe3;o F. D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues 
Title: Structural transitions and energy use: a decomposition analysis of Portugal 1995--2010 
Abstract:
 The Portuguese energy sector changed substantially during the period
 1995--2010, with the introduction of natural gas and a larger renewable
 energy production. During the same period, the country also continued the
 shift to a service economy. By 2005, these two transitions led to a large
 increase in primary energy use (PEU), followed by a significant decline
 until 2010. The goal of this paper is to identify the main driving factors
 of changes in the Portuguese PEU through structural decomposition
 analysis. To do so we build a novel hybrid model with a detailed
 description of the energy sector in physical units, and a coarser
 description of the rest of the economy in monetary units. The results show
 that the main drivers were final demand (increasing PEU) and the direct
 energy intensity (decreasing PEU); while the energy and economic
 transitions also contributed to decrease PEU, although to a lesser extent.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 202-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1157456 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1157456 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ning Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ning 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Author-Name: Michael L. Lahr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr 
Title: Changes in China&#x2019;s production-source CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: insights from structural decomposition analysis and linkage analysis 
Abstract:
 This paper presents an input--output based methodology -- structural
 decomposition analysis (SDA) plus linkage analysis, for identifying the
 key factors and sectors that affected production-source CO<sub>2</sub>
 emissions in China. The proposed methodology extends the SDA to account
 for the import substitution effect within an open economy such as China
 and incorporates the emission linkage by which the effect of the input mix
 on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions can be understood in depth. Empirical results
 indicate that, between 2005 and 2010, improving emission intensity and
 input intensity had helped to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions; meanwhile,
 capital investment explained the majority of the increases in
 CO<sub>2</sub> emissions brought about by final demand, and import
 substitution was also observed to increase CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.
 Moreover, nine key emission sectors have been identified, and in this
 regard, domestic inputs became more CO<sub>2</sub>-intensive in 2010 than
 it was in 2005.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 224-242 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1172476 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1172476 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:224-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Owen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: John Barrett 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett 
Author-Name: Andrew Evans 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evans 
Title: Explaining value chain differences in MRIO databases through structural path decomposition 
Abstract:
 Many multiregional input--output (MRIO) databases are used to calculate
 consumption-based accounts. Results feature in climate policy discussion
 on emissions reduction responsibilities; yet studies show that outcomes
 produced by each database differ. This paper compares the emissions
 associated with value chains from Eora, EXIOBASE, GTAP and WIOD.
 Structural path analysis identifies the largest paths in each database and
 the differences in common paths are calculated. For the top 100 value
 chain paths that contain the largest difference, structural path
 decomposition is used to identify the contribution each part of the value
 chain makes towards the difference. The results identify and quantify key
 flows that are the cause of difference in the databases. From these, we
 can conclude that key MRIO database construction decisions, such as using
 the residence or territorial principle for emissions allocation and
 whether energy spends are reallocated based on physical data, are the
 major causes of differences.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 243-272 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1135309 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1135309 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:243-272




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shiwei Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Shiwei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Author-Name: Shuhong Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Author-Name: Guizhi Ba 
Author-X-Name-First: Guizhi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ba 
Author-Name: Yi-Ming Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi-Ming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: Can China realise its energy-savings goal by adjusting its industrial structure? 
Abstract:
 To investigate whether China can realise its energy-savings goal by 2020
 through adjustments to its industrial structure, this study proposes a
 dynamic input--output multi-objective optimisation model. According to
 this model, the objectives to be achieved include the maximum gross
 domestic product and employment, and the minimum energy consumption, where
 the constraints are the sectoral dynamic input--output balance, labour and
 energy supply, and sectoral production capacity. The four best solutions
 are screened from the Pareto-optimal front. The study findings show that
 the energy intensities in 2020 would decrease by 42.8%, 43.5%, 42.9%, and
 43.4% in the four scenarios when compared to their 2002 levels. This means
 that China can fully achieve its planned energy-savings target for 2020.
 In order to ensure that the industrial structure is optimised for the
 future, sectoral capital investments should be regulated by China's
 government and efforts to improve energy efficiency should be maintained.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 273-293 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2015.1102714 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2015.1102714 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ignacio Cazcarro 
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazcarro 
Author-Name: Carlos A. L&#xf3;pez-Morales 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: L&#xf3;pez-Morales 
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Title: The global economic costs of the need to treat polluted water 
Abstract:
 We estimate the global costs and other implications of the need to treat
 wastewater before it can be re-used. We extend the World Trade Model by
 creating water treatment sectors and provide alternative sources of water
 for satisfying users&#x2019; quantity and quality requirements. The
 database distinguishes qualities and quantities of water endowments,
 sectoral water requirements, and wastewater discharges. We estimate that
 global water treatment costs could be reduced by several trillion dollars
 if water endowments were maintained at higher quality than currently is
 the case. Under scenarios where water quality degrades further, the
 treatment costs more than double even without taking account of likely
 increases in quality requirements. This modeling framework provides a
 starting point not only for more detailed empirical investigations of
 water management strategies, but also for examining prospects and
 associated costs for recovering other resources, such as metals, which can
 be reused multiple times.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 295-314 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1161600 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1161600 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:295-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karolien Lenaerts 
Author-X-Name-First: Karolien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenaerts 
Author-Name: Bruno Merlevede 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merlevede 
Title: Supply chain fragmentation, input--output tables and spillovers from foreign direct investment 
Abstract:
 The literature on the impact of multinationals on domestic firms'
 productivity points to supply chain linkages with multinational firms as
 the main channel for positive spillover effects. Local and multinational
 firms' relative positions in the supply chain are typically determined
 through the use of input--output tables. For a panel of Romanian firms, we
 show that the level of industry aggregation in these tables and the
 applied spillover definitions bear an important impact on estimated
 spillover effects. We find that the total impact of foreign presence --
 irrespective of the channel -- is considerably larger when detailed
 IO-tables are used. When more aggregated tables are used, one is likely to
 misclassify a considerable number of supplier--client activity as
 within-industry competitive activity. Including within-industry supply and
 use in the measures of supplier--client activity results in a further
 increase of the spillover effect on local suppliers, whereas the
 within-industry spillover effect disappears.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 315-332 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1187118 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1187118 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guillaume Majeau-Bettez 
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majeau-Bettez 
Author-Name: Richard Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Anders Hammer Str&#xf8;mman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Hammer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Str&#xf8;mman 
Title: On the financial balance of input--output constructs: revisiting an axiomatic evaluation 
Abstract:
 Financial balance is fundamental to input--output (IO) analysis, and
 consequently the respect of this balance is one of the dominant criteria
 in evaluating IO constructs. Kop Jansen, and ten Raa [(1990) The Choice of
 Model in the Construction of Input--Output Coefficients Matrices.
 <italic>International Economic Review</italic> 31, 213] proved that the
 byproduct-technology construct (BTC) and the industry-technology construct
 (ITC) do not generally conserve financial balance. In contrast,
 Majeau-Bettez et&#xa0;al. [(2016) When do Allocations and Constructs
 Respect Material, Energy, Financial, and Production Balances in LCA and
 EEIO? <italic>Journal of Industrial Ecology</italic> 20, 67--84]
 demonstrated that the BTC necessarily respects financial balance and that
 the ITC is always financially balanced when applied to data recorded in
 monetary units. The present article resolves this paradox.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 333-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1166098 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1166098 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:333-343




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikulas Luptacik 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikulas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luptacik 
Author-Name: Bernhard Mahlberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahlberg 
Title: Productivity change in a multisectoral economic system 
Abstract:
 We estimate productivity growth without recourse to data on factor input
 shares or prices. In the proposed model, the economy is represented by the
 Leontief input--output model, which is extended by the constraints of
 primary inputs. A Luenberger productivity indicator is proposed to
 estimate productivity change; this is then decomposed in a way that
 enables us to examine the contributions of individual production factors
 and individual commodities to productivity change. The results allow for
 the identification of inputs or outputs that are the drivers of the
 overall productivity change. Their contributions are then decomposed into
 efficiency change and technical change components. Using input--output
 tables of the US economy for the period 1977--2006, we show that technical
 progress has been the main source of productivity change. Technical
 progress was mostly driven by capital, whereas low-skilled labour
 contributed negatively.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 344-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1192527 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1192527 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:344-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuoying Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuoying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Hong Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Minjun Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Minjun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Title: Spatial and sectoral characteristics of China&#x2019;s international and interregional virtual water flows -- based on multi-regional input--output model 
Abstract:
 This paper provides a systematic analysis of spatial and sectoral
 characteristics and changes in virtual water flows associated with
 China&#x2019;s interregional and international trade based on the China
 interregional input--output tables of 2002 and 2007. The results show
 significant improvement in water use efficiency between 2002 and 2007.
 However, the general spatial patterns and sectoral components of virtual
 water flows have more or less remained during the period. Almost all
 Chinese provinces are net exporters of virtual water in international
 trade. In interregional trade, the dominant direction of virtual water
 flow is from peripheral provinces to eastern coastal provinces. The
 agricultural sector plays an important role in shaping this direction and
 has significant impacts on water uses in exporting provinces, some of
 which are water scarce. The results of this study clarify some confusions
 concerning mismatches between regional water endowments and virtual water
 trade within China and with other countries.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 362-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1165651 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1165651 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:362-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsten S. Wiebe 
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebe 
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen 
Title: To RAS or not to RAS? What is the difference in outcomes in multi-regional input--output models? 
Abstract:
 The global resource accounting model (GRAM), which is based on OECD
 input--output and bilateral trade data, is a multi-regional input--output
 model covering 53 countries and 2 regions. What differentiates GRAM from
 other state-of-the-art models in this field is that it does not use a
 matrix balancing technique, such as RAS, after the initial construction of
 the global intermediate coefficient and final demand matrices. Instead, it
 reproduces prescribed intermediate and final demand, and determines value
 added residually. This choice was made to alter the original data as
 little as possible and keep the calculations traceable. This simpler
 solution technique might, however, yield different results. This paper
 aims at identifying the difference between the current solution of GRAM
 and the solution of a RASed version of GRAM, thus contributing to the
 assessment of currently used methodologies in this research field. The
 short conclusion is that, even though some differences during the
 calculations are present, the calculated output (production) matrix does
 not differ substantially. The results show that larger differences are
 brought about by poor assumptions regarding missing or conflicting data
 rather than by applying or not applying a RAS procedure to the constructed
 global matrices.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 383-402 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1192528 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1192528 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:383-402




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jung Hoon Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Hoon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Marc Lavoie 
Author-X-Name-First: Marc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lavoie 
Title: A two-sector model with target-return pricing in a stock-flow consistent framework 
Abstract:
 In this paper, we build a generalized two-sector Kaleckian growth model
 and explore the dynamics towards long-run positions. The model
 incorporates conflicting claims of labour and firms over income
 distribution and endogenous labour-saving technical progress. Adopting a
 stock-flow consistent framework, our simulation experiments yield the
 following results. First, the &#x2018;paradox of thrift&#x2019; and the
 &#x2018;paradox of costs&#x2019; hold, meaning that lower saving rates
 generate higher growth rates while higher real wages generate higher
 profit rates, but the magnitude of the impact depends on the initial
 status of income distribution and monetary policy. Second, changes in
 autonomous labour-saving innovations might explain the phenomenon of the
 &#x2018;New Economy&#x2019; of the second half of the 1990s within an
 alternative framework. Our simulations with a two-sector model retrieve
 the analytical results achieved with a one-sector Kaleckian model, with
 the addition of path dependence.
Journal: Economic Systems Research 
Pages: 403-427 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2016 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1196166 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1196166 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:403-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sai Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Sai
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Author-Name: Yafei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yafei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Chao Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Chao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Ming Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Zhifeng Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhifeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Weidong Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Weidong
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Hongguang Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Hongguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Anthony S.F. Chiu
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony S.F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiu
Title: Final production-based emissions of regions in China
Abstract: 
 Existing studies focus on either direct emissions of each province in China using production-based accounting (i.e. direct emitters) or emissions caused by the final consumption of each province using consumption-based accounting (i.e. final consumers), but overlook provinces whose final sales drive large amounts of upstream emissions (i.e. final producers). Improving the production efficiency of the latter can help to reduce national emissions. Here we use a final production-based accounting framework to identify critical final producers. Results show that the major final producers leading to China’s emissions are Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, which are the major manufacturing centers in China. China should encourage the production efficiency improvement of dominant firms in industries of these provinces. The final production-based accounting framework can also help to define and allocate emission responsibilities of Chinese provinces. It can complement production-based and consumption-based accounting frameworks to guide environmental policy-making in China.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 18-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1312291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1312291
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Peneder
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Peneder
Author-Name: Gerhard Streicher
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Streicher
Title: De-industrialization and comparative advantage in the global value chain
Abstract: 
 We investigate the causes of de-industrialization and potential for re-industrialization using trade-linked input–output data from WIOD. By introducing a new global value chain measure of comparative advantage, we relate a sector's share in domestic final demand to that in production and separate the direct effect of trade on its income share. This method identifies the declining share of manufacturing value added in domestic final expenditures to be the main cause of de-industrialization. Differences in comparative advantage between countries do matter, especially in the case of employment shares, but have a limited impact via the direct trade effect on value added. The findings point to a peculiar paradox of industrial policy: precisely when it is successful in raising competitiveness and hence productivity growth of manufacturing, it also furthers the global decline of relative prices in manufacturing. In contrast to the national objectives of re-industrialization, effective industrial policies accelerate de-industrialization in the global economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 85-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1320274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1320274
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María Victoria Román
Author-X-Name-First: María Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Román
Author-Name: Iñaki Arto
Author-X-Name-First: Iñaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Arto
Author-Name: Alberto Ansuategi
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Ansuategi
Title: Why do some economies benefit more from climate finance than others? A case study on North-to-South financial flows
Abstract: 
 The Copenhagen and Paris Agreements, in which developed countries committed to mobilise USD 100 billion a year by 2020, indicate that climate finance will continue to grow. Even though economic development is not the aim of climate finance, climate-related disbursements will generate an economic impact on recipient countries’ economies. This impact will also reach other countries (including climate finance donors) through induced international trade. In this paper, we apply a structural decomposition analysis to study why the economic impact of climate finance varies between countries. We focus on specific climate actions and quantify the contribution of four drivers: value-added intensity, domestic multiplier, foreign multiplier and trade structure. The paper helps identifying the factors with the greatest potential to enhance the economic gains of climate finance in each country. This information can be useful for policy-makers trying to design national strategies that exploit the synergies between climate action and economic development.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 37-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1334629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1334629
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanspeter Wieland
Author-X-Name-First: Hanspeter
Author-X-Name-Last: Wieland
Author-Name: Stefan Giljum
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Giljum
Author-Name: Martin Bruckner
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruckner
Author-Name: Anne Owen
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen
Author-Name: Richard Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Title: Structural production layer decomposition: a new method to measure differences between MRIO databases for footprint assessments
Abstract: 
 Recent empirical assessments revealed that footprint indicators calculated with various multi-regional input–output (MRIO) databases deliver deviating results. In this paper, we propose a new method, called structural production layer decomposition (SPLD), which complements existing structural decomposition approaches. SPLD enables differentiating between effects stemming from specific parts in the technology matrix, e.g. trade blocks vs. domestic blocks, while still allowing to link the various effects to the total region footprint. Using the carbon footprint of the EU-28 in 2011 as an example, we analyse the differences between EXIOBASE, Eora, GTAP and WIOD. Identical environmental data are used across all MRIO databases. In all model comparisons, variations in domestic blocks have a more significant impact on the carbon footprint than variations in trade blocks. The results provide a wealth of information for MRIO developers and are relevant for policy makers designing climate policy measures targeted to specific stages along product supply chains.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 61-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1350831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1350831
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: João-Pedro Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: João-Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: Pedro Ramos
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos
Author-Name: Luís Cruz
Author-X-Name-First: Luís
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz
Author-Name: Eduardo Barata
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Barata
Title: The opportunity costs of commuting: the value of a commuting satellite account framework with an example from Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Abstract: 
 Commuting affects regional and urban economies. It shapes urban areas, defines their relationships with neighboring regions, intensifies economic flows and exacerbates energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper sets out a proposal for an innovative commuting satellite account (CSA), integrated in a multi-regional input–output model. This framework combines commuting activities with regional distribution of income, distinct household consumption structures, real estate renting activities and the energy consumption and environmental flows incorporated in the different industries. To assess the opportunity costs of commuting, the CSA framework is applied to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The socio-economic-environmental impacts of a scenario in which commuters become non-commuters by moving their residence to the municipality in which they work are estimated. The analysis indicates that: commuting, in general, induces significant economic and environmental opportunity costs. Finally, the adoption of policy-oriented recommendations contributing to limit sprawling in metropolitan regions is discussed.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 105-119
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1357536
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1357536
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vinicius A. Vale
Author-X-Name-First: Vinicius A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vale
Author-Name: Fernando S. Perobelli
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Perobelli
Author-Name: Ariaster B. Chimeli
Author-X-Name-First: Ariaster B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chimeli
Title: International trade, pollution, and economic structure: evidence on CO2 emissions for the North and the South
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the mechanics of international trade and CO2 emissions in two blocs of countries (‘North’ and ‘South’) by analyzing data from the World Input–Output Database. We adapt the Miyazawa technique to estimate the linkages between international trade and the environment at a global scale. Therefore, this study is in line with the idea of highlighting the role of feedback effects as well as the nature and extent of extra-regional influences on an economy in response to an additional stimulus. This is a contribution that, to our best knowledge, has not yet appeared in the literature. Our results suggest that both the North and the South have become less pollution-intensive (technique effect) over the years. Interestingly and in contrast to much of the literature, we also find support to the hypothesis that the South has specialized in relatively more pollution-intensive activities (composition effect).
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1361907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1361907
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henryk Gurgul
Author-X-Name-First: Henryk
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgul
Author-Name: Łukasz Lach
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Lach
Title: Some remarks on a social network approach to identifying key sectors
Abstract: 
 Ostensibly, certain adaptations of social network theory extend and improve the traditional key-sector approaches. Our analysis of the underlying algebraic properties shows that a social-network-based approach proposed by García Muñiz et al. [(2008) Key Sectors: A New Proposal from Network Theory. Regional Studies, 42, 1013–1030] does not relate final demand and output in ways comparable to key-sector measures that are based on the static Leontief input–output model. Using the most recent IO table for Poland we show that the modified approach can lead to spurious empirical results and, as a consequence, to false policy implications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 120-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1365048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1365048
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:1:p:120-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Többen
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Többen
Title: On the simultaneous estimation of physical and monetary commodity flows
Abstract: 
 Large databases mapping commodity flows measured in various units such as currency, tons or caloric values are the backbone of many recent environmental-economic studies. Their construction typically requires combining large amounts of partial information in a series of successive steps. These include the estimation of unobserved flows, transformations between units, handling aggregation re-classification and, finally, reconciling estimates with mass, financial and/or energy balances. This paper proposes a maximum entropy model that allows for the simultaneous estimation of unobserved commodity flows as well as corresponding prices such that data constraints in various units of measurement, levels of aggregation and possibly mismatching classifications are simultaneously satisfied. Its capability is assessed through a Monte-Carlo analysis and its performance compared with a simple step-wise approach. Our results suggest that the simultaneous approach performs significantly better in a vast majority of cases.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1271774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1271774
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maarten Christis
Author-X-Name-First: Maarten
Author-X-Name-Last: Christis
Author-Name: Theo Geerken
Author-X-Name-First: Theo
Author-X-Name-Last: Geerken
Author-Name: An Vercalsteren
Author-X-Name-First: An
Author-X-Name-Last: Vercalsteren
Author-Name: Karl C. Vrancken
Author-X-Name-First: Karl C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vrancken
Title: Improving footprint calculations of small open economies: combining local with multi-regional input–output tables
Abstract: 
 In a small, open and resource-poor economy, import and export dependency have an ever-growing impact on local policy decisions, which makes local (environmental) policy-makers increasingly depend on global data. This increases the interest in models that link local production and consumption data to global production, trade and environmental data. The recent increase in availability of global environmentally extended multi-regional input-output tables (EE-MRIO tables) provides an opportunity to link them with existing local environmentally extended input-output tables (EE-RIO tables). These combined tables make it possible (1) to analyse the links between local and global production and consumption and (2) to study global value chains, material use and environmental impacts simultaneously. However, estimations using input-output (I–O) analyses contain errors due to imperfect databases. In this article the magnitude of specification, aggregation and time errors are estimated and compared. The results show the need to combine local datasets with multi-regional ones and show that highest detailed (country and sector levels) as well as time series of I–O tables are the way forward for using I–O analyses in local policy-making. The paper provides guidance on trading off investments in model adoption and/or extension and the reliability of estimation results.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 25-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1245653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1245653
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bo Meng
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Meng
Author-Name: Yong Fang
Author-X-Name-First: Yong
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang
Author-Name: Jiemin Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Jiemin
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Yaxiong Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yaxiong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Measuring China’s domestic production networks through Trade in Value-added perspectives
Abstract: 
 Evaluating the role and performance of China's participation in Global value chains (GVCs) has been a hot policy and research issue in recent years. However, most GVCs-related literature about China focuses on country-to-country relations; less attention has been paid to China's domestic value chains (DVCs). GVCs should have their domestic foundations since strong linkages across domestic firms and regions can improve productivity through gains from specialization, which make domestic industries more competitive in GVCs in turn. This paper applies the so-called Trade in Value-added (TiVA) concept and the decomposition of domestic-regional trade in TiVA terms to re-measure the inter-industrial and interregional linkages in China's DVCs. We show that TiVA-based measures can significantly enrich our understanding on both the structure change of China's regional economy and the position and participation degree of Chinese regions in DVCs.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 48-65
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1282435
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1282435
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:48-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arjan Lejour
Author-X-Name-First: Arjan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lejour
Author-Name: Hugo Rojas-Romagosa
Author-X-Name-First: Hugo
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojas-Romagosa
Author-Name: Paul Veenendaal
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Veenendaal
Title: Identifying hubs and spokes in global supply chains using redirected trade in value added
Abstract: 
 The increasing importance of global supply chains has prompted the use of analytical tools based on trade in value added – instead of traditional measures in gross value. We use this analytical framework to develop indicators that identify production hubs and supply spokes in global supply chains. Using these indicators and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, we quantify the relative importance of redirected value-added trade and the hub and spoke relationships at the aggregate level and for specific highly integrated industries.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 66-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1282436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1282436
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:66-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco Capasso
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Capasso
Author-Name: Koen Frenken
Author-X-Name-First: Koen
Author-X-Name-Last: Frenken
Author-Name: Tania Treibich
Author-X-Name-First: Tania
Author-X-Name-Last: Treibich
Title: Sectoral co-movements of employment growth at regional level
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a comprehensive study of sectoral co-movements of employment growth in the entire Dutch economy. We construct different macro typologies according to manufacturing versus services, innovativeness, labour skills and position in the value chain, thus expanding the list of potential logics of sectoral interrelations. Using a vector autoregression model, we assess whether and how growth in a macro-sector, and in a given region, can predict growth in the same or other macro-sectors, in the same or in other regions. Our findings bring to light the inter-regional nature of intersectoral linkages, as well as the existence of complementarities between sectors. Supporting the growth of innovative firms could have positive externality effects, especially in the Knowledge-Intensive Business Services sector which is associated with the growth of the entire economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 82-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1281232
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1281232
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:82-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fumiya Nagashima
Author-X-Name-First: Fumiya
Author-X-Name-Last: Nagashima
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai
Author-Name: Daniel Moran
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran
Title: Identifying critical supply chain paths and key sectors for mitigating primary carbonaceous PM mortality in Asia
Abstract: 
 Total mortality attributable to PM2.5 is highest in the Asian domain, estimated as 2.3 million deaths annually. We apply consumption-based accounting to identify the key sectors responsible for primary carbonaceous PM2.5 mortality. The study combines an input–output model with an atmospheric transport model and fully links consumer demand to final pollutant fate and health impact. We find the following: (1) considering atmospheric transport changes the distribution of demand-induced impact as compared to conventional emissions footprinting, (2) the supply chain paths with the greatest impact on PM2.5-induced human health problems in the region are centered around agricultural technologies in China, and (3) the transportation sector of China plays a major role in the supply chain paths that generate relatively large impacts on human health. We conclude that Japan is responsible for PM2.5 mortality in Asia and should take leadership in changing key high-priority technologies and critical supply chain paths into greener ones.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 105-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1266992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1266992
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:105-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guido Ferrari
Author-X-Name-First: Guido
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari
Author-Name: Luca Secondi
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Secondi
Title: CES and Translog parameter estimates in a SAM-based regional general equilibrium framework
Abstract: 
 The computation of General Equilibrium models crucially depends on Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)-based calibration and on how estimation/imputation are performed to reproduce the benchmark dataset as an equilibrium solution. In this paper, theoretical contributions are provided by suggesting a new procedure in which the production function parameters and the elasticity of substitution are estimated by resorting to the data contained in the SAM. To this aim, the Generalized Cross-Entropy estimator is used. Application of this self-contained procedure to the regional SAM for the Italian region Tuscany leads to empirical results consisting of the estimates of the elasticities of substitution of Constant Elasticity of Substitution and Translog production functions consistent with the theoretical background. This yields a more efficient and effective solution of Computable General Equilibrium models.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 124-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1281233
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1281233
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:124-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Michalis Hadjikakou
Author-X-Name-First: Michalis
Author-X-Name-Last: Hadjikakou
Title: Virtual laboratories and MRIO analysis – an introduction
Abstract: 
 This editorial is the introduction to a special issue of Economic Systems Research on Input–Output Virtual Laboratories (IO VLs). The main purpose of this editorial is to explain the rationale for dedicating a special issue to this evolving niche of IO research, highlighting its potential to contribute to debates on topical policy issues. The first two sections review recent developments in the field of multi-regional input–output database compilation, followed by a brief description of the concept and architecture behind IO VLs. The seven papers chosen for this issue are then introduced. The concluding section finally outlines current challenges and future research avenues for IO VLs.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 143-157
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1318828
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1318828
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:143-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Daaniyall
Author-X-Name-Last: Abd Rahman
Author-Name: Yanyan Xiao
Author-X-Name-First: Yanyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao
Author-Name: Jacob Fry
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Fry
Author-Name: Rachel Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Reyes
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Satoshi Inomata
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Inomata
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Author-Name: Daniel Moran
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran
Author-Name: Hagen Schulte in den Bäumen
Author-X-Name-First: Hagen
Author-X-Name-Last: Schulte in den Bäumen
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker
Author-Name: Terrie Walmsley
Author-X-Name-First: Terrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walmsley
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann
Author-Name: Richard Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Norihiko Yamano
Author-X-Name-First: Norihiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamano
Title: The Global MRIO Lab – charting the world economy
Abstract: 
 We describe the creation of the Global Multi-Region Input–Output (MRIO) Lab, which is a cloud-computing platform offering a collaborative research environment through which participants can use each other’s resources to assemble their own individual MRIO versions. The Global MRIO Lab’s main purpose is to harness and focus previously disparate resources aimed at compiling large-scale MRIO databases that provide comprehensive representations of interregional trade, economic structure, industrial interdependence, as well as environmental and social impact. Based on the operational Australian Industrial Ecology Lab, a particularly important feature of this cloud environment is a highly detailed regional and sectoral taxonomy called the ‘root classification’. The purpose of this root is to serve as a feedstock from which researchers can choose any combination of regions and economic sectors to form a model of the economy that is suitable to address their particular research questions. Thus, the Global MRIO Lab concept enables enhanced flexibility in MRIO database construction whilst at the same time saving resources and avoiding duplication, by sharing time- and labour-intensive tasks amongst multiple research teams. We explain the concept, architecture, development and preliminary results of the Global MRIO Lab, and discuss its ability to continuously deliver some of the most prominent world MRIO databases.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 158-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:158-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Daaniyall Abd
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Yanyan Xiao
Author-X-Name-First: Yanyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Title: A flexible adaptation of the WIOD database in a virtual laboratory
Abstract: 
 The World Input-Output Database provides a time series of world input–output tables (WIOTs) that have been used for example to understand the manifold effects of the increased integration of markets through international trade. In order to enhance the flexibility of research on global trade issues using WIOD, we implement the WIOT workflow in a collaborative, cloud-based virtual laboratory environment. We demonstrate that a lab-based adaptation of WIOD is able (a) to continuously create and update versions of the WIOTs in a timely, consistent, and cost-effective way, (b) to enhance original information with accompanying information on standard deviations, and (c) to enable flexible re-casting of the entire WIOT time series into user-specific geographical and sectoral classifications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 187-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1318115
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1318115
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:187-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel C. Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reyes
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Arjan de Koning
Author-X-Name-First: Arjan
Author-X-Name-Last: de Koning
Author-Name: Richard Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Tatyana Bulavskaya
Author-X-Name-First: Tatyana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bulavskaya
Author-Name: Konstantin Stadler
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin
Author-X-Name-Last: Stadler
Author-Name: Hagen Schulte in den Bäumen
Author-X-Name-First: Hagen
Author-X-Name-Last: Schulte in den Bäumen
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker
Title: The Virtual IELab – an exercise in replicating part of the EXIOBASE V.2 production pipeline in a virtual laboratory
Abstract: 
 We explore options to replicate the EXIOBASE2 multi-region input–output (MRIO) database in the Virtual IELab cloud-computing laboratory environment. Whereas EXIOBASE2 is constructed using a multi-process reconciliation procedure, we present an alternative compilation technique that uses EXIOBASE2's pre-processed data and final tables in reconciling the IELab MRIO with conflicting raw data information. This approach skips the labour-intensive step of detailing and harmonising country tables. Adherence metrics reveal the EXIOBASE2-based IELab table to be considerably less balanced than the original but with stronger adherence to other constraints data. However, these metrics are not comparable to the original EXIOBASE2 statistics due to the distinctive implementation of constraint sets in the two platforms. IELab's main value-added is its flexibility in tailoring EXIOBASE2-based MRIOs beyond the original recipe. Finally, IELab's global carbon, water and material footprints are shown to be comparable with previously reported resource footprints. In contrast, deviations in land footprints warrant further investigation.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 209-233
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1317237
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1317237
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:209-233




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Futu Faturay
Author-X-Name-First: Futu
Author-X-Name-Last: Faturay
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Author-Name: Kunta Nugraha
Author-X-Name-First: Kunta
Author-X-Name-Last: Nugraha
Title: A new sub-national multi-region input–output database for Indonesia
Abstract: 
 As a large archipelago with significant geographical variation and economic diversity, Indonesia requires detailed regional information when subjected to economic modelling. While such information is available, it however has not been integrated and harmonised into a comprehensive input–output database, thus preventing economic, social, and environmental modelling for investigating sub-national regional policy questions. We present the new IndoLab, a collaborative research platform for Indonesia, enabling input–output modelling of economic, social, and environmental issues in a cloud-computing environment. Within the IndoLab researchers are for the first time able to generate a time series of regionally and sectorally detailed and comprehensive, sub-national multi-region input–output (MRIO) tables for Indonesia. By integrating a multitude of economic, social, and environmental data into a single standardised processing pipeline and harmonised data repository, the IndoLab is able to generate MRIO tables capturing up to 1148 sectors, and 495 cities and regencies. Researchers can freely choose from this detail to construct tables with customised classifications that suit their own research questions. First results from the IndoLab clearly demonstrate the unique characteristics of regions in terms of their sectors’ employment intensity. Thus, the IndoLab has great potential for investigating policy questions that cannot be comprehensively addressed using a single national database.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 234-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1304361
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1304361
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:234-251




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yafei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yafei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: An industrial ecology virtual framework for policy making in China
Abstract: 
 This study develops a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) laboratory for policy-relevant applications in China. The Chinese IELab features unique flexibility and advances the previous state of the art in terms of three novel aspects. First, it can generate regionally and sectorally very detailed MRIO tables based on users’ own research questions. Second, it covers the entire territorial economic boundary and has the longest and most up to date annual time series from 1978 to 2015. Third, it can be used to provide insight to a wide range of research and policy questions including social, economic, and environmental issues, thus significantly improving all applications that rely on input–output tables. These features are illustrated by generating a Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei multi-regional supply and use table for 2014 at city level and applying it to the case study of transferring Beijing’s non-capital functions according to The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Strategy set by the Chinese government.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 252-274
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1313199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1313199
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:252-274




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Arunima Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Arunima
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Name: Jacob Fry
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Fry
Author-Name: Joe Lane
Author-X-Name-First: Joe
Author-X-Name-Last: Lane
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann
Author-Name: Steven Kenway
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Kenway
Author-Name: Khanh Hoang
Author-X-Name-First: Khanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoang
Author-Name: Andrew Cadogan-Cowper
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Cadogan-Cowper
Title: New multi-regional input–output databases for Australia – enabling timely and flexible regional analysis
Abstract: 
 Decision-making at regional scales requires timely information. Within four months of the release of official national statistics, we have produced a time-series (2008–2015) of balanced sub-national, multi-regional supply-and-use tables (MR-SUT), integrated with a set of socio-economic and environmental accounts. This was achieved using the Australian IELab, where data used in this study are available (https://ielab.info/resources/91). Four multi-regional, environmentally extended supply-use tables regionalised in different ways were produced to demonstrate the flexibility of tailoring input–output models to specific research or policy questions. Results for satellite coefficients are sensitive to the chosen regional grouping and method for regionalisation. We demonstrate the relevance of such purpose-built information to government and corporate decision-makers by analysing the indirect economic and employment consequences of a slowdown of the mining boom in Western Australia. The demonstrated innovations in flexibility and timeliness will help move past some of the limitations that have historically hindered the uptake and utility of applied input–output analysis.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 275-295
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1315331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1315331
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:275-295




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Wiedmann
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiedmann
Title: An input–output virtual laboratory in practice – survey of uptake, usage and applications of the first operational IELab
Abstract: 
 The Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab) is a collaborative cloud-computing platform for compiling large-scale, high-resolution, enviro-socio-economic accounts based on multi-region input–output tables and for conducting integrated sustainability assessment projects. These include, for example, assessments of biofuels and low-carbon construction materials or high-resolution waste modelling. This contribution provides a structured review of IELab applications that were published in either peer-reviewed journal papers or in the form of conference proceedings. The main research question posed is ‘What are the specific features of IELab that were used in the research and could the research have happened without them?’ It is investigated whether the IELab has actually and truly enabled new research. A detailed analysis of IELab characteristics and their usage is presented. The results can help with the design of new research projects and inform existing and prospective users of the IELab about the options for academic research and practical applications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 296-312
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1283295
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1283295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:296-312




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoshio Kajitani
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshio
Author-X-Name-Last: Kajitani
Author-Name: Hirokazu Tatano
Author-X-Name-First: Hirokazu
Author-X-Name-Last: Tatano
Title: Applicability of a spatial computable general equilibrium model to assess the short-term economic impact of natural disasters
Abstract: 
 Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used to assess the economic impact of natural disasters, but the models have not been fully validated by applying them to real disasters. This study focuses on validating a model for use in a short-run case in which the functional recovery of infrastructure and businesses occurred on a time scale of a few months. A special attempt is made to determine the parameter values of elasticity of substitutions, which play an important role in the effect on supply chains. In this study, a spatial CGE model, in which Japan is divided into nine regions, is constructed and applied to the case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Through this application, the best estimates of the elasticity parameters generated relatively consistent estimates of production change compared with the observed change, both in severely affected regions and in other regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 289-312
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1369010
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1369010
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:289-312




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana-Isabel Guerra
Author-X-Name-First: Ana-Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho
Title: On the need to compensate the compensating variation in CGE modeling
Abstract: 
 The message of this research is that in the standard calibrated setting of Computational General Equilibrium (CGE) models, the welfare measures typically used to compare benchmark with counterfactuals are numéraire dependent. This evaluation bias affects the compensating variation and the Konüs index of cost of living. We show that the equivalent variation is neutral regarding the choice of value units in calibrated models but would be affected as well in uncalibrated CGE models. We illustrate with a simple example and propose an even simpler theoretical solution to overcome these biases; all that is required to have correct welfare estimates is to compensate normalizing with a suitable price index. This type of correction is necessary to overcome the sometimes blind implementation of welfare measures in numerical general equilibrium analysis. We show that the induced quantitative errors may be substantial providing biased welfare estimates and misleading results.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 313-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1372371
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1372371
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:313-322




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Osman Aydoğuş
Author-X-Name-First: Osman
Author-X-Name-Last: Aydoğuş
Author-Name: Çağaçan Değer
Author-X-Name-First: Çağaçan
Author-X-Name-Last: Değer
Author-Name: Elif Tunalı Çalışkan
Author-X-Name-First: Elif
Author-X-Name-Last: Tunalı Çalışkan
Author-Name: Gülçin Gürel Günal
Author-X-Name-First: Gülçin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gürel Günal
Title: An input–output model of exchange-rate pass-through
Abstract: 
 The impact of the exchange rate on price formation is often debated through a mechanism called the exchange-rate pass-through. Studies of the pass-through generally rely on econometric analysis implemented on time series data. This study examines pass-through to the domestic price level through an input–output model. The proposed model is implemented on a sample of countries, and a number of different variables connected to the pass-through are examined. A comparison across countries and sectors highlights the importance of the construction sector in price formation. National income is negatively related to the pass-through. A high dependence on intermediate imports implies higher pass-through. Price level volatility and pass-through are positively related; whereas a country’s monetary policy stance has no apparent effect. The effect of exchange-rate volatility is unclear; it is negative for the real effective exchange rate, the connection is very weak in the case of the nominal exchange rate.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 323-336
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1374243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1374243
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:323-336




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umed Temursho
Author-X-Name-First: Umed
Author-X-Name-Last: Temursho
Title: Intercountry feedback and spillover effects within the international supply and use framework: a Bayesian perspective
Abstract: 
 This paper proposes a new framework for the estimation of product-level global and interregional feedback and spillover (FS) factor multipliers. The framework is directly based on interregional supply and use tables (SUTs) that could be rectangular and gives a possibility of taking account of the inherent input–output data uncertainty problems. A Bayesian econometric approach is applied to the framework using the first version of international SUTs in the World Input–Output Database. The obtained estimates of the global and intercountry FS output effects are discussed and presented at the world, country and product levels for the period of 1995–2009.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 337-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1399863
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1399863
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:337-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas S. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Anand M. Kandaswamy
Author-X-Name-First: Anand M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kandaswamy
Title: An examination of national supply-chain flow time
Abstract: 
 The US and other national governments invest in research and development to spur competitiveness in their domestic manufacturing industries. However, there are limited studies on identifying the research efforts that will have the largest possible return on investment, resulting in suboptimal returns. Manufacturers commonly measure production time in order to identify areas for efficiency improvement, but this is typically not applied at the national level where efficiency issues may cross between enterprises and industries. Such methods and results can be used to prioritize efficiency improvement efforts at an industry supply-chain level. This paper utilizes data on manufacturing inventory along with data on inter-industry interactions to develop a method for tracking industry-level flow time and identifying bottlenecks in US manufacturing. As a proof of concept, this method is applied to the production of three commodities: aircraft, automobiles/trucks, and computers. The robustness of bottleneck identification is tested utilizing Monte Carlo techniques.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 359-379
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1407296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1407296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:359-379




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas von Brasch
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: von Brasch
Author-Name: Marit Linnea Gjelsvik
Author-X-Name-First: Marit Linnea
Author-X-Name-Last: Gjelsvik
Author-Name: Victoria Sparrman
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sparrman
Title: Deunionization and job polarization – a macroeconomic model analysis for a small open economy
Abstract: 
 Declining unionization rates and job polarization are two important labor market developments of recent decades. A large body of literature has analyzed these phenomena separately, but little has been done to see whether there is a link between them. We employ a macroeconomic model for a small open economy with a large input–output core to analyze how deunionization may cause job polarization. Our analysis shows that medium-skilled workers are negatively affected by deunionization, mainly as a result of the heterogeneity of the elasticities of substitution between different types of labor. While the elasticities of substitution between high- and medium-skilled labor are relatively low, the elasticities of substitution between medium- and low-skilled are relatively high. As a result, when deunionization leads to increased wage dispersion, we find that demand for low-skilled increases at the expense of medium-skilled labor, thus yielding a more polarized labor market.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 380-399
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1468738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1468738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:380-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafa Madariaga
Author-X-Name-First: Rafa
Author-X-Name-Last: Madariaga
Title: Factors driving sectoral and occupational employment changes during the Spanish boom (1995–2005)
Abstract: 
 Spain's economy grew at a real annual average rate of over 3.5% between 1995 and 2005. Total employment increased by more than five million. This process altered the sectoral and occupational structure of employment. The dynamics of final demand, technology and labour requirements linked to technology and labour market institutions mostly drive shifts in the structure of employment. We analyse their effects and relative weights on private employment growth in an input–output framework, by means of structural decomposition. The analysis of the occupational structure is a novelty. Sectoral and occupational structures of employment are receiving a great deal of attention: the productivity growth and economic prospects of service economies and the debate between skilling and polarization are, respectively, the main issues. This paper provides useful insights on the dynamics of the structure of employment during a process of vigorous job growth.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 400-421
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1474182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1474182
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gulay Gunluk-Senesen
Author-X-Name-First: Gulay
Author-X-Name-Last: Gunluk-Senesen
Author-Name: Tolga Kaya
Author-X-Name-First: Tolga
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaya
Author-Name: Umit Senesen
Author-X-Name-First: Umit
Author-X-Name-Last: Senesen
Title: Promoting investment in the Turkish construction sector: a structural path analysis
Abstract: 
 The construction sector in Turkey boomed in the period between the turn of the millennium and the onset of the global crisis. This paper studies the employment generation effects of growth of this sector, taking into account that it not only depends on domestic production factors but also on imported inputs. In order to unravel the interactions of the construction sector with the rest of the economy, structural path analysis of both labour and imported intermediate input demand generation is used based on the 2002 and 2009 WIOD data for Turkey. The findings indicate that labour linkages weakened between 2002 and 2009, while import linkages became slightly stronger. The sectors that have played key roles in this are identified, as are the linkages between these. The findings have implications for the persistent unemployment and current account deficits in Turkey.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 422-438
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1477739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1477739
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:422-438




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasuhide Okuyama
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuhide
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama
Author-Name: Krista D. Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Krista D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Return of the inoperability
Abstract: 
 There has been unrest in the research community investigating the inoperability of an economic system under disaster situations. The inoperability input–output model (IIM), which is very popular in the risk management field, has become a center of argument, particularly from the input–output researchers, that IIM is a straightforward application of the standard Leontief input–output model. This paper revisits the concept of inoperability, rather than IIM, and proposes its new role in disaster impact analysis using a conventional tool, i.e. the RAS method, for illustrating how the inoperability of an economic system in the aftermath of disaster can be evaluated. The proposed framework is employed to examine the inoperability of industries resulting from the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The findings of the analysis reveal the usefulness of inoperability concept that can even incorporate resilience (gained operability) using the proposed framework of this paper.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 467-480
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1510383
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1510383
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:467-480




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luis Daniel Torres-González
Author-X-Name-First: Luis Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Torres-González
Author-Name: Jangho Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Jangho
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: The persistent statistical structure of the US input–output coefficient matrices: 1963–2007
Abstract: 
 The paper finds evidence for the existence of a statistical structure in the US input–output coefficient  $ (\mathbf {A}) $ (A) matrices for 1963–2007 and characterizes the identified statistical regularities. For various aspects of  $ \mathbf {A} $ A matrices, we find smooth and unimodal empirical distributions (EDs) with a remarkable stability in their functional form for most of the samples. The EDs of all entries, row sums, and the entries of the (left- and right-hand) Perron–Frobenius eigenvectors are well described by fat-tailed distributions, while the EDs of column sums and eigenvalues' moduli are explained by the normal and the beta distribution. The paper provides several economic interpretations of these statistical results as well as some implications and potential uses for structural and stochastic input–output analysis.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 481-504
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1561425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1561425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:481-504




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Bob van Burken
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: van Burken
Author-Name: Yasushi Kondo
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo
Title: Hypothetical extractions from a global perspective
Abstract: 
 The hypothetical extraction method (HEM) has been widely used to measure interindustry linkages and the importance of industries. HEM considers the hypothetical situation in which a certain industry is no longer operational. HEM was developed for national economies, using national input–output tables. When performing HEM, it is assumed (often implicitly) that the input requirements that were originally provided by the extracted industry are met by additional imports in the post-extraction situation. Applying HEM to global multiregional input–output tables then causes serious problems. It is no longer sufficient to assume that the required inputs are imported. Instead, it is necessary to indicate explicitly how much is imported from each origin to replace the original inputs. Our adaptation of HEM is the global extraction method (GEM). As an illustration, GEM is applied to the extraction of the motor vehicle industry in China, the US, and Germany, using the 2014 WIOD input–output table.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 505-519
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1564135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1564135
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Nan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Xiuzhen Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Xiuzhen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Measuring global flow of funds: focus on China, Japan, and the United States
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to establish a new statistical framework for measuring global flow of funds (GFF) based on its inherent mechanisms. It advances a previous theoretical discussion and develops a practical operational statistical matrix. Based on theoretical and practical possibilities the paper gets existing data from the International Investment Position, the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey, the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, and International Banking Statistics are integrated for measuring GFF. The main outcome is a prototype GFF matrix that includes stock data geographically disaggregated by country/region and selected financial instruments. The paper presents a GFF Matrix compiled with the pattern of ‘Country vis-à-vis Country’ matrix, and through using the GFF matrix to analyze the basic status, mutual relationship and existing problems between China, Japan, and the United States in the external financial positions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 520-550
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1574719
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1574719
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:520-550




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: João F. D. Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: João F. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Author-Name: Antonio F. Amores
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amores
Author-Name: Rui Paulo
Author-X-Name-First: Rui
Author-X-Name-Last: Paulo
Title: Bayesian selection of technology assumptions for the transformation from supply-use to input–output tables
Abstract: 
 In the construction of input–output models from supply-use tables, technology assumptions disambiguate how an industry uses inputs in the production recipe of multiple outputs. This paper uses Bayes' theorem to select technology assumptions, taking into account empirical observations. The paper presents a formulation to explore hybrids between product and industry technology assumptions in product-by-product tables. We then present Markov chain Monte-Carlo techniques to implement the Bayesian method for selecting technology assumptions. We apply the method in a case study using Eurostat supply-use tables of 2004 and 2005, exhibiting a volume of secondary products of less than 13%, and 59 products and industries per country. The results show that the choice of technology is not important, given that there is no strong evidence in favour of any of them.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 551-573
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1583171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1583171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:551-573




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte
Author-Name: Cristina Sarasa
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarasa
Author-Name: Mònica Serrano
Author-X-Name-First: Mònica
Author-X-Name-Last: Serrano
Title: Structural change and female participation in recent economic growth: a multisectoral analysis for the Spanish economy
Abstract: 
 Economic growth has different impacts on gender gaps. In recent decades the growing participation of women in the labour market has reduced the gender employment gap, however a notable gender pay gap still persists standing at around 15% on average in the European Union. In this context, this paper evaluates the impact of economic growth patterns on the evolution of gender employment and pay gaps. First, sectorial feminization, direct discrimination, and structural change factors are identified and evaluated as ways to explain changes observed in the gender pay gap. Second, we explore the influence of demand, technology, and intensity factors on the evolution of employment combining gender, skill, sectorial, and temporal perspectives. As a case study, we examine Spanish economic growth from 1980 to 2007 and the influences on the size, composition (by skill), and distribution (by sector) of female and male employment, as well as the consequences for gender gaps. Our results show that structural change contributed to reduce the gender employment gap in Spain; while the evolution of the gender pay gap is less conclusive, following a sort of inverted U-shape. This paper shows the suitability and potential of the multisectorial input–output framework to analyse structural and technological changes and their impacts on the gender employment and pay gaps.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 574-593
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1589425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1589425
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Title: Aggregating input–output systems with minimum error
Abstract: 
 Recent advances in multi-region input-output (IO) table construction have led to large databases becoming available. Some of these databases currently demand too much computer memory or user cognition to be handled effectively outside high-performance environments, especially for applications such as virtual laboratories, computable general equilibrium modelling, linear programming, series expansion, or structural decomposition analysis, thus inhibiting their widespread use by analysts and decision-makers. Aggregation is an obvious solution; but there is a need for structured approaches to aggregating an IO system in a way that does not compromise the ability to effectively answer the research question at hand. In this article, I describe how structural path analysis can be used to realise a computationally inexpensive method for aggregating IO systems whilst minimising aggregation errors. I show that there exists no one-fits-all strategy, but that optimal aggregation depends on the research question at hand.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 594-616
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1609911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1609911
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:594-616




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehdi Bagheri
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Bagheri
Author-Name: Masood Sheikh Alivand
Author-X-Name-First: Masood Sheikh
Author-X-Name-Last: Alivand
Author-Name: Mohammad Alikarami
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Alikarami
Author-Name: Christopher A. Kennedy
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy
Author-Name: Ganesh Doluweera
Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Doluweera
Author-Name: Zeus Guevara
Author-X-Name-First: Zeus
Author-X-Name-Last: Guevara
Title: Developing a multiple-criteria decision analysis for green economy transition: a Canadian case study
Abstract: 
 Identifying planning strategies for the transition to a green economy is a formidable challenge. We proposed a novel multiple-criteria decision analysis model which can quantitatively identify the socio-economic and environmental impacts of various government and public policies. We applied the model to four practical scenarios in Canada for determining the optimal final demand that maximizes the country's GDP and employment while minimizing GHG emissions for small, short-term changes. As a result, the model suggested potential ways to simultaneously achieve a GDP growth of 2.5 billion CAD and creation of over 25,000 new jobs, and a saving of 2514 kt CO2. As per the final demand, the electrification of domestic heating and transport should be more promoted. The proposed analysis tool will provide decision-makers with the ability to explore the design and effects of policy reforms, regulatory changes, and targeted public expenditure strategies, thereby overcoming barriers towards a green economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 617-641
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1610363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1610363
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:617-641




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kailan Tian
Author-X-Name-First: Kailan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Richard Jong-A-Pin
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jong-A-Pin
Title: Measuring industrial upgrading: applying factor analysis in a global value chain framework
Abstract: 
 A key question for promoting international competition is how to improve the position of countries and industries in global value chains (GVCs). The first step is to properly measure industrial upgrading in GVCs. This is not a trivial issue because upgrading has not been defined unambiguously. Several authors have used different (and sometimes related) measures, all of which indicate certain aspects of upgrading. Rather than trying to find the single, ultimate measure of upgrading, we propose a different approach. We examine the multidimensionality of industrial upgrading, using eight indicators in factor analysis. Four of the eight indicators adopt the GVC perspective and include, for example, the growth of the share in value-added exports. We provide three quantitative dimensions of industrial upgrading: process upgrading, product upgrading, and skill upgrading. With these dimensions, we compare and analyze the upgrading of different countries and industries using the World Input–Output Database.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 642-664
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1610728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1610728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:642-664




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Fernandes Tomon Avelino
Author-X-Name-First: Andre Fernandes Tomon
Author-X-Name-Last: Avelino
Title: Disaggregating input–output tables in time: the temporal input–output framework
Abstract: 
 The input–output framework has evolved dramatically since its initial formulation. New analytical techniques and extensions have allowed a more comprehensive assessment of the economy and expanded its applicability. Nonetheless, the core of the framework has remained unchanged: an annually compiled input–output table, which conveys monetary flows between sectors in a region in a particular year. Hence, the technical coefficients derived from it are ‘average’ input compositions, neglecting fluctuations in production capacity, seasonality and temporal shocks within that period. This paper develops a consistent methodology to disaggregate the annual input–output table in its time dimension in order to estimate intra-year input–output matrices with distinct technical structures for a particular year. The main advantages in relation to the annual model are to allow seasonal effects to be studied within the input–output framework, to better understand the process of coefficient change and to offer a more comprehensive dynamic view of production.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 313-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1290587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1290587
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai
Author-Name: Kenichi Nakajima
Author-X-Name-First: Kenichi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakajima
Author-Name: Sangwon Suh
Author-X-Name-First: Sangwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Suh
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa
Author-Name: Yasushi Kondo
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo
Author-Name: Wataru Takayanagi
Author-X-Name-First: Wataru
Author-X-Name-Last: Takayanagi
Author-Name: Yosuke Shigetomi
Author-X-Name-First: Yosuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Shigetomi
Title: The role of primary processing in the supply risks of critical metals
Abstract: 
 This study seeks to understand the role of primary processing, i.e. the first post-mining stage, in supply risk, by means of a case study on three critical metals (neodymium, cobalt, and platinum) in the context of Japan. Applying the ‘footprint’ concept with a multiregional input–output model, we have quantified the direct and indirect vulnerability of the Japanese economy to such risks. Considering the supply risks associated with primary processors, we find that Japanese final consumers are exposed to relatively higher supply risks for neodymium as compared with cobalt and platinum. Our study shows that the primary processing stage of a metal’s supply chain may contribute significantly to the overall supply risks, suggesting that this stage should be taken into due account in understanding and mitigating supply-chain vulnerability through, e.g. supplier diversification and alternative material development.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 335-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1295923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1295923
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:335-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlies H. Schütz
Author-X-Name-First: Marlies H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schütz
Title: Australia's regional innovation systems: inter-industry interaction in innovative activities in three Australian territories
Abstract: 
 Regional specifics reveal in differences in economic activity and structure, the institutional, socio-economic and cultural environment and not least in the capability of regions to create new knowledge and to generate innovations. Focusing on the regional level, this paper for three Australian territories (New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland) explores patterns of innovative activities in their private business sectors. Furthermore, these patterns are compared to specifics of each region's economic structure. We make use of input–output-based innovation flow networks, which are directed and weighted instead of binary. The value added of the proposed analysis is that we are able to trace a variety of different aspects related to the structure of innovative activities for each territory. It gets evident that mostly innovative activities in each territory are not strong in ‘niche’ branches but in fields of intense economic activity, signalising the high path-dependency of innovative activities in a specific geographical environment.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 357-384
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301886
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:357-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuzana Smeets Kristkova
Author-X-Name-First: Zuzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Smeets Kristkova
Author-Name: Cornelis Gardebroek
Author-X-Name-First: Cornelis
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardebroek
Author-Name: Michiel van Dijk
Author-X-Name-First: Michiel
Author-X-Name-Last: van Dijk
Author-Name: Hans van Meijl
Author-X-Name-First: Hans
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meijl
Title: The impact of R&amp;D on factor-augmenting technical change – an empirical assessment at the sector level
Abstract: 
 The aim of the paper is to quantify endogenous factor-augmenting technical change driven by R&amp;D investments in a panel of 11 OECD countries over 1987–2007. This paper contributes to the scant empirical evidence on the speed, sources and direction of technical change for various sectors and production factors. Assuming cost-minimization behavior, a CES framework is used to derive a system of equations that is estimated by a GMM system estimator. The estimated factor-augmenting technology parameters show that in most sectors, technical change was labor-augmenting and labor-saving. Statistically significant effects of manufacturing and services R&amp;D were found on factor-augmenting technical change (with the highest R&amp;D elasticities found in the high-tech manufacturing and transport, storage and communication sectors). Whereas ‘in-house’ R&amp;D stimulates total factor productivity, R&amp;D spilled over to other sectors has a capital-augmenting effect accompanied by a higher use of labor. The results of this study provide a starting point for incorporating endogenous factor-augmenting technical change in impact assessment models aimed at broad policy analysis including economic growth, food security or climate change.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 385-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1316707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1316707
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:385-417




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheol-Joo Cho
Author-X-Name-First: Cheol-Joo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho
Title: A note on distortions from estimating the regional impacts of exogenous changes in output
Abstract: 
 This paper demonstrates both theoretically and empirically that when outputs instead of final demands are exogenously predetermined, the traditional Leontief final demand model overestimates economic impact, and even more so in a multiregional context. We assess this premise vis-à-vis the Leontief output model using the 2013 interregional input–output table of the Republic of Korea. We find that from a multiregional perspective the standard Leontief final demand model yields substantially biased output multipliers for Chungbuk Province.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 418-429
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1326094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1326094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:418-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu-Wen Su
Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Wen
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Author-Name: Hao-Yen Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Hao-Yen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Chih-Hsun Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Chih-Hsun
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Increase of electricity price and energy efficiency: analysis using the macroeconomic interindustry model of Taiwan
Abstract: 
 From 2012 to 2013, the price of electricity in Taiwan increased by 19.78%. This large increase forced producers to invest in improving electricity efficiency. In this paper, the macroeconomic interindustry model of Taiwan (MEIT) is developed to study the economic effects of high electricity prices and consequential improvement in energy efficiency. MEIT describes the structure of 47 industries, from both real and price-income approaches. To resolve inconsistent data, RAS is employed. A technical model is also integrated to consider technical feasibility, which offsets the usual shortcomings of technological analysis in an economic model. The iron and steel industry is taken as a case study. Estimated results indicate that higher electricity prices negatively affect Taiwan’s economy. However, improving energy efficiency can reduce some of this effect.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 430-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1323726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1323726
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven
Title: On the limited usability of the inoperability IO model
Abstract: 
 This note shows that the inoperability input–output model (IIM) estimates only a part of mainly the negative indirect economic impacts of disasters, whereas it neglects most of the positive indirect impacts. This means that the IIM is not suited to prioritize industries for policy interventions that aim at reducing the negative impacts of such disasters. Besides, this note shows that the application of the IIM is problematic and tends to overestimate the subset of impacts that the model is able to quantify. Finally, we identify two approaches that much better capture the variety of different disaster impacts.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 452-461
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:452-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Utz-Peter Reich
Author-X-Name-First: Utz-Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Reich
Title: Who pays for whom? Elements of a macroeconomic approach to income inequality
Abstract: 
 National income is generated through national production in the form of ‘value added’; it is expended on goods and services in the form of ‘disposable’ or ‘net’ income. In this paper, I investigate what happens in between. The circuit of income flows generated in this way is comparable to the circuit of product flows, in its complexity. It can be analysed, so the tenet of the paper, in a similar way, by means of well-known tools of input–output (IO) analysis; this on the pre-condition, however, that you draw out the institutional framework of an economy in similar detail as is now customarily done for production units in IO analysis. Existing data do not suffice for the purpose, at present; this paper shows, by way of some exemplary calculations, what insight into the mechanism of national income distribution is gained if the necessary data, normally in the form of a large social accounting matrix, are provided.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 201-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1369395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1369395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:201-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: José M. Rueda-Cantuche
Author-X-Name-First: José M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche
Author-Name: Antonio F. Amores
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amores
Author-Name: Joerg Beutel
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Beutel
Author-Name: Isabelle Remond-Tiedrez
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Remond-Tiedrez
Title: Assessment of European Use tables at basic prices and valuation matrices in the absence of official data
Abstract: 
 Input–Output modellers are often faced with the task of estimating missing Use tables at basic prices and also valuation matrices of the individual countries. This paper examines a selection of estimation methods applied to the European context where the analysts are not in possession of superior data. The estimation methods are restricted to the use of automated methods that would require more than just the row and column sums of the tables (as in projections) but less than a combination of various conflicting information (as in compilation). The results are assessed against the official Supply, Use and Input–Output tables of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, Austria and Slovakia by using matrix difference metrics. The main conclusion is that using the structures of previous years usually performs better than any other approach.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 252-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1372370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1372370
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuemei Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Xuemei
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Xiaolin Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Jian Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Jian
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: How do interregional spillovers influence the distribution of technology? The case of Chinese manufacturing
Abstract: 
 The Chinese economy displays considerable inequality across regions. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of intermediate input shares in China. We use regional input–output tables from 2007 and find that regions with higher GDP per capita generally had higher input shares, regardless of sector. Then, using intermediate input shares as a proxy of technology, we analyzed the pattern of regional technology distributions across manufacturing sectors as well as the extent of interregional technology spillovers. Our results indicate that interregional backward spillovers have significantly positive impacts on the shape of the technology distributions in eastern (coastal) regions. By contrast, the vertical spillovers of the central and western regions are largely dominated by intra-regional forward effects. Our results suggest that the shift of Chinese manufacturing from coastal to inland regions with lower production costs cannot reduce the imbalance among regions unless the technology gap is narrowed.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 219-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1393654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1393654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:219-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin C. Serpell
Author-X-Name-First: Martin C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Serpell
Title: Incorporating data quality improvement into supply–use table balancing
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the benefits of using a boundary tightening algorithm to improve the quality of the data used in supply and use table (SUT) balancing, building on similarities with certain approaches to statistical disclosure control. Boundary tightening was shown to significantly improve the quality of the finally balanced SUTs well beyond that of existing techniques. Most notably, improvements occurred when boundary tightening was applied prior to the balancing process – showing that it can be used as a valuable preliminary to other approaches. It also multiplied the improvement in SUTs quality when more accurate updated information was added to the SUTs. The findings of this paper strongly suggest that this boundary tightening algorithm will improve the quality of the output of the balancing process and it is equally likely to be useful when applied to other processes that handle uncertain data.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 271-288
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1396962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1396962
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tsutomu Harada
Author-X-Name-First: Tsutomu
Author-X-Name-Last: Harada
Title: A model of intersectoral flow of technology using technology and innovation flow matrices
Abstract: 
 This paper builds a simple general equilibrium model that sheds new light on the mechanism of intersectoral flows of technology. It explicitly models the production of technology using diverse technology components as inputs. The model shows that demand shocks do not cause innovation while technology shocks as deviations from a balanced growth path induce asymmetric productivity changes across sectors. We also conduct a simple quantitative analysis using recent Japanese R&amp;D data, which shows that most productivity effects remain within the bounds of the sector. We find some important exceptions to this rule, however, in particular for shocks occurring in information technology and precision instruments.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 238-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1423545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1423545
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuwan Duan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Xuemei Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Xuemei
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Xikang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Why has China’s vertical specialization declined?
Abstract: 
 Vertical specialization (VS) is quantified by the VS share, which measures the average import content per dollar of exports. A characteristic of China’s export trade is its strong dependence on assembly and processing activities. To take proper account of this, China’s VS shares should explicitly distinguish processing export production from other production. We estimate China’s annual VS shares from 2000 to 2012—the latest year for which a special input–output table is available that makes such an explicit distinction. We find that VS shares increased from 2000 to 2004 and subsequently started to decrease. To explore why it has declined, we introduce a new structural decomposition approach. We find that the decrease of the VS share appears to have been driven mainly by the substitution of imported intermediates by domestic products. This occurred in particular in the production of exports, which implies an upgrading of China’s position in global value chains.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 178-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1431610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1431610
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazusuke Tsujimura
Author-X-Name-First: Kazusuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura
Author-Name: Masako Tsujimura
Author-X-Name-First: Masako
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura
Title: A flow of funds analysis of the US quantitative easing
Abstract: 
 After the Bank of Japan first introduced a quantitative easing policy in 2001, Tsujimura and Mizoshita [(2003) Asset-Liability-Matrix Analysis Derived From Flow-of-Funds Accounts: the Bank of Japan’s Quantitative Monetary Policy Examined. Economic Systems Research, 15, 51–67] applied input–output analysis to analyze its effects. Some central bankers criticized the analysis as misleading because it was based on the asset–liability matrix derived from the financial balance sheets. In this vein, the real policy effects on production and employment were overlooked. Herein, we answer such criticism by introducing a new method of tracking the flow of funds. It covers both real and financial transactions to show the mechanism and the effects of the US quantitative easing.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 137-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1443908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1443908
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:137-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soulixay Hongsakhone
Author-X-Name-First: Soulixay
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongsakhone
Author-Name: Masaru Ichihashi
Author-X-Name-First: Masaru
Author-X-Name-Last: Ichihashi
Title: Measurement of reciprocity in a village through social networks
Abstract: 
 This paper examines measuring of interdependency among households through their transactions by using information of individual villagers in a disadvantaged area in a developing country. To obtain the information, we created a village input&#x2013;output table (VIOT) from household survey data conducted in a rural village in Lao PDR in 2015 and 2016. Because each household in the village is not only a producer but also a consumer who is trading products and consuming them, the VIOT is a simple but useful tool to know the economic transactions among villagers. The main findings are that four higher-income families, which mainly trade rice very frequently, are playing key roles in the village economy, and the interdependency among higher-income households is stronger than among lower/middle-income households. Additionally, this method can be used to form an economic policy such as poverty reduction because of informing households playing a key role in the village.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1467882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1467882
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Kiuila
Author-X-Name-First: Olga
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiuila
Author-Name: Anil Markandya
Author-X-Name-First: Anil
Author-X-Name-Last: Markandya
Author-Name: Milan &#x160;&#x10D;asn&#xFD;
Author-X-Name-First: Milan
Author-X-Name-Last: &#x160;&#x10D;asn&#xFD;
Title: Taxing air pollutants and carbon individually or jointly: results from a CGE model enriched by an emission abatement sector
Abstract: 
 We analyse the separate and collective impacts of emissions taxation to understand the internalisation effects of externalities. The analysis is carried out using a static computable general equilibrium model, with unemployment, bottom-up abatement technologies represented by a step function, and detailed emission coefficients. Environmental and health external costs are quantified using the ExternE&#x2019;s Impact Pathway Approach. Emissions, as a result of environmental taxation, fall through reduced output, production factor substitution, and increased end of pipe abatement activity. The analysis shows that a full internalisation of environmental externalities can result in modest overall economic and environmental welfare gains. There are, however, differences in terms of employment and output, depending on what combination of taxes are applied, which sectors are covered, and how fiscal revenues are redistributed. Air quality benefits range from &#x20AC;35&#x2013;75 per ton of CO2 abated. Total environmental benefits always exceed GDP loss and the associated welfare loss.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 21-43
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1508000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1508000
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kijin Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Kijin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Geoffrey J. D. Hewings
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings
Title: Bayesian estimation of labor demand by age: theoretical consistency and an application to an input&#x2013;output model
Abstract: 
 Extended input&#x2013;output models require careful estimation of disaggregated consumption by households and comparable sources of labor income by sector. The latter components most often have to be estimated. The primary focus of this paper is to produce labor demand disaggregated by workers&#x2019; age. The results are evaluated through considerations of its consistency with a static labor demand model restricted with theoretical requirements. A Bayesian approach is used for more straightforward imposition of regularity conditions. The Bayesian model confirms elastic labor demand for youth workers, which is consistent with what past studies find. Additionally, to explore the effects of changes in age structure on a regional economy, the estimated age-group-specific labor demand model is integrated into a regional input&#x2013;output model. The integrated model suggests that ceteris paribus ageing population contributes to lowering aggregate economic multipliers due to the rapidly growing number of elderly workers who earn less than younger workers.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 44-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1427050
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1427050
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paula Carvalho Pereda
Author-X-Name-First: Paula Carvalho
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereda
Author-Name: Andrea Lucchesi
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucchesi
Author-Name: Carolina Policarpo Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Policarpo
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia
Author-Name: Bruno Toni Palialol
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Toni
Author-X-Name-Last: Palialol
Title: Neutral carbon tax and environmental targets in Brazil
Abstract: 
 We evaluate the effects of a carbon tax in the Brazilian economy using an input&#x2013;output framework. First, we consider the impacts of a carbon tax of US$ 10 and US$ 50/metric ton of CO2 equivalent. As usual, the adoption of the carbon tax generates adverse effects on GDP, wages and jobs in the short term, but reduces emissions and generates new government revenues, especially in the case of the greater tax. Second, we consider a broader tax system reform. In this reform, we replace distortionary taxes by a tax on value added. To compensate for the loss of government revenue, we assume a carbon tax with equivalent revenue. We find that the net effect is a GDP increase of 0.47%, the creation of 533 thousand jobs and reduction of 1.6 million tons of CO2 emissions. Both scenarios exempt exports and levy imports to correct adverse effects on the country&#x2019;s competitiveness.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 70-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1431611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1431611
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesca Severini
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Severini
Author-Name: Francesco Felici
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Felici
Author-Name: Noemi Ferracuti
Author-X-Name-First: Noemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferracuti
Author-Name: Rosita Pretaroli
Author-X-Name-First: Rosita
Author-X-Name-Last: Pretaroli
Author-Name: Claudio Socci
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Socci
Title: Gender policy and female employment: a CGE model for Italy
Abstract: 
 The gender integration in all areas of policy choices and at all stages of the decision-making process is strongly recommended by the European Union and represents an achievement that the Member States should accomplish when implementing policy measures. In a country like Italy, where the level of female labour participation is among the lowest in Europe, policy maker decisions should encourage and stimulate the demand for female labour without neglecting the global employment rate and income growth. The multisectoral analysis offers the possibility to bridge gender disaggregation within income formation and distribution from the production phase to the demand formation. In this perspective, this paper develops a gender-aware CGE model based on the gender-aware SAM for the Italian economy to evaluate the impact of different fiscal policies aimed to reduce female labour cost and trigger woman hiring in those sectors with high gender disparity.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 92-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1431612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1431612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:92-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Hawkins
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins
Author-Name: J. D. Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: J. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Title: Development of environmentally extended social accounting matrices for policy analysis in Alberta
Abstract: 
 This paper outlines the development of inputs to an integrated land use and transportation model based on a series of environmentally extended social accounting matrices (SAMs) for the Canadian province of Alberta. A novel form of industry disaggregation is employed, based on aggregate iterative proportion and a unique formulation of location quotients. Social accounts are extended via the inclusion of detailed household consumption broken down by income quintiles. The SAMs are developed from supply-use matrices. Physical flow accounts are framed as derived demands, acting as necessary inputs to the production of downstream goods and services. Applications to regional economic modeling are considered, as planning authorities increasingly seek to model the environmental impacts of policy. The SAMs are then applied to the assessment of two technology change scenarios: a shift in the provincial electricity generation mix and a transition to a fully electric private automobile fleet.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 114-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1474854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1474854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:114-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs ten Raa
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs ten
Author-X-Name-Last: Raa
Title: The use&#x2013;make framework and the derivation of functional forms in production theory
Abstract: 
 The use&#x2013;make framework is employed to explain functional forms in production theory, including Cobb&#x2013;Douglas and Leontief. Productivity and efficiency are interrelated by augmenting the framework with a linear program that determines the frontier output.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 132-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1431205
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1431205
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:132-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: André Carrascal Incera
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrascal Incera
Title: Drivers of change in the European youth employment: a comparative structural decomposition analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper uses a structural decomposition approach to examine the proximate causes of change in the EU15 youth workforce from 1995 to 2011. Besides the traditional sources considered by the literature, I include age-specific factors: a labor utilization index that accounts for the hours that employed youth work by showing the extent of part-time contracts; an age mix factor that indicates the share that youth comprise of total employment and, finally, changes in the inverse of the overall sectoral labor productivity, which describes variations in total labor demand. By applying this approach, I identify the core drivers behind the recent changes in the evolution of youth employment in each of the 15 countries; this is crucial for tailoring policy strategies. Results suggest that to foster youth employment, most Mediterranean countries should implement youth-specific measures while other EU15 countries could do so by enhancing overall employment.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 463-485
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1316708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1316708
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:463-485




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Aray
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Aray
Author-Name: Luis Pedauga
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedauga
Author-Name: Agustín Velázquez
Author-X-Name-First: Agustín
Author-X-Name-Last: Velázquez
Title: Financial Social Accounting Matrix: a useful tool for understanding the macro-financial linkages of an economy
Abstract: 
 This article extends the traditional methodology of social accounting by building a Financial Social Accounting Matrix (FSAM) and a corresponding Satellite Asset–Liability Matrix for Spain. In so doing, the difficulties that typically arise in consolidating data from the National Bureau of Statistics (INE) and the Bank of Spain (BdE) were overcome. This is the first FSAM for the Spanish economy and might provide new tools to deepen the analysis of the financial sector and of the determinants of financial vulnerability associated with interactions with other sectors of the economy. As a novel contribution to the literature, this paper incorporated a structural path analysis grounded in the FSAM multiplier to identify the principal paths through which financial shocks are transmitted.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 486-508
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1365049
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1365049
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:486-508




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Euan Phimister
Author-X-Name-First: Euan
Author-X-Name-Last: Phimister
Author-Name: Deborah Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Title: Allowing for uncertainty in exogenous shocks to CGE models: the case of a new renewable energy sector
Abstract: 
 The paper explores the importance of allowing for uncertainty in the magnitude of exogenous shocks in Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. The shock examined is the introduction of a new onshore wind sector in North East Scotland. A simple analytical model is developed to show how, a priori, the size of the new sector (the model shock) is uncertain and asymmetrically distributed as a result of spatial correlation in costs and returns across potential development locations. The importance of allowing for this uncertainty is tested by comparing the results from a CGE model where the sector size is assumed known with certainty to those from a model where the sector size is a random variable with an asymmetric distribution. The results show the extent to which allowing for uncertainty can influence the magnitude of estimated impacts with some variables more sensitive to the uncertainty than others.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 509-527
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1309520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1309520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:509-527




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerardo Fujii-Gambero
Author-X-Name-First: Gerardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujii-Gambero
Author-Name: Rosario Cervantes-Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: Rosario
Author-X-Name-Last: Cervantes-Martínez
Title: The weak linkages between processing exports and the internal economy. The Mexican case
Abstract: 
 The aim of this paper is to show the internal linkages of manufacturing exports and the rest of the economy. We take the Mexican economy as the case of study. Manufacturing exports constitute the most of exports and processing exports (maquiladora) represent an important part of them. We consider the indirect domestic value added contained in Mexican manufacturing exports, dividing them into exports from the internal economy and the maquiladora industry. We show that the internal backward linkages of exports are weak, that only a few sectors produce inputs for exports, and that the forward linkages are weak too because the Mexican maquiladora industry assembles imported parts and components into final goods for export. The actual picture is quite different from that presented by Hirschman [(1958) The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, Yale University Press], who argued that the manufacturing sector plays a key role to promote economic growth because of its dense forward and backward internal linkages.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 528-540
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1351332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1351332
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:528-540




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faye Duchin
Author-X-Name-First: Faye
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin
Author-Name: Stephen H. Levine
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine
Title: Choosing among alternative technologies: conditions for assuring the feasibility of an input–output database or scenario
Abstract: 
 The conceptual reach of the basic input–output modeling framework is substantially extended by new models that incorporate the economic logic of comparative advantage as the basis for the endogenous choice among alternative production technologies. This paper establishes procedures that define the conditions under which the database used for scenario analysis in this extended framework assures the existence of an economically feasible solution. We provide a criterion for structural feasibility, the property established by the Hawkins–Simon condition for the basic input–output model, and introduce a criterion for scale feasibility. The logic underlying the tests is illustrated by numerical examples based on the Rectangular Choice-of-Technology model and database. These procedures can be particularly useful for incorporating engineering and other technical sources of information into multi-regional input–output databases; they can also provide substantial underlying detail about individual technologies, sectors, and factors of production for both feasible and infeasible scenarios.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 541-556
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301396
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:541-556




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aurélien Poissonnier
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélien
Author-X-Name-Last: Poissonnier
Title: A general weighted least squares approach for the projection of input–output tables
Abstract: 
 In the context of input–output analysis, it is often necessary to update a matrix for a date when only the sum of its columns and rows are known. This projection problem is quite similar to temporal disaggregation. I borrow from this literature a class of solutions for which the exact result can be implemented without iteration. These solutions minimize the adjustment made to the out-of-date matrix and as such can be said optimal according to a chosen criteria. The framework I expose is flexible enough to encompass many of the existing methods and develop new ones. I propose one of such methods to project a matrix between two given benchmarks. I exemplify the technique on 35 years of input–output tables for France and show in particular that the issue of negative cells can be avoided.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 557-565
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1304360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1304360
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:557-565




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1384086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2017.1384086
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabio Monsalve
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Monsalve
Author-Name: Jorge Zafrilla
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge
Author-X-Name-Last: Zafrilla
Author-Name: María-Ángeles Cadarso
Author-X-Name-First: María-Ángeles
Author-X-Name-Last: Cadarso
Author-Name: Angela García-Alaminos
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: García-Alaminos
Title: Is the emperor wearing new clothes? A social assessment of the European Union 2007–2013 financial framework
Abstract: 
 Over the years, European leaders have proudly waved a social flag as one of the European Union’s (EU) constituent and differentiating elements. This commitment is assessed here through the social footprint of the European 2007–2013 multiannual financial framework among the EU countries and, worldwide, using an extended multiregional input–output model. The focus is on the quantity and the quality of income and jobs generated. We find that well-known differences among its northern, southern and eastern regions threaten the EU’s intentions for high social standards, enabling first- and second-class winners. Core EU countries account for the most of the Funds and, thus, most of the positive economic and social impacts, mainly through spillovers from peripheral regions. Beyond the EU borders, Funds expenditures induce capital compensation boosts in emerging countries not balanced by a similar labor compensation impulse. Indeed, China captures the bulk of low-skilled and temporary employment.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 285-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1491391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1491391
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:285-304




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan Wei
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei
Author-Name: Zhenhua Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Adam Rose
Author-X-Name-First: Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose
Title: Estimating economic impacts of the US-South Korea free trade agreement
Abstract: 
 We analyze the economic impacts of the United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement by applying the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium model to highly disaggregated commodity flow data. The analysis calculates the impacts in terms of welfare effects, national economic indicators (such as GDP), and business performance metrics (such as sales revenue), which can be used by a variety of decision-makers. Our results suggest several trade-offs among these measures. Positive welfare gains between the US and South Korea are about the same in absolute terms, but favor the latter in relative terms, and very heavily so for GDP gains. Moreover, the US is projected to incur a loss of gross output (sales revenue) in several major manufacturing sectors that are heavily concentrated in geographic areas that have been promised a return of jobs by the Trump Administration.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 305-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1506980
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1506980
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:305-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henryk Gurgul
Author-X-Name-First: Henryk
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgul
Author-Name: Łukasz Lach
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Lach
Title: Tracing VARDI coefficients: a proposal
Abstract: 
 We propose a new approach for tracing the so-called ‘value-added-(re)distribution-important coefficients’ (in short the VARDI coefficients) in a world input–output model. From the perspective of a selected group of economies, VARDI coefficients may be defined as those elements in world input–output matrix in the case of which a small change in their levels leads to the maximization of a share of this group of economies in value added in global value chains. Due to the rapid development of the World Input Output Database, this approach may be easily applied in empirical research to different groups of countries and sectors in world IO models. In an illustrative empirical case study, we use the new approach in order to answer a question regarding what the main directions of the future macroeconomic policy of the U.S. could be in order to ensure the maximization of the country’s share in global value added.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 324-344
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1516633
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1516633
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:324-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dieter Schumacher
Author-X-Name-First: Dieter
Author-X-Name-Last: Schumacher
Title: The integration of international financial markets: an attempt to quantify contagion in an input–output-type analysis
Abstract: 
 The increasing integration of international financial markets means that credit defaults in one country have to be covered by creditors in other countries. If the principle of creditor liability were applied systematically, the financial losses incurred by the financial institution that provided the credit and is thus directly affected by the default would be ‘passed on’ through its domestic and foreign shareholders and debt holders, as well as their creditors, to the original savers. In this paper, this contagion effect will be estimated by taking international capital linkages into account. Analogously to an input–output analysis of inter-industry linkages, savings used for investments in one country are traced back to the countries from which the funds originated. This also reveals the important role of international financial centers, which essentially serve as distributors of investment risks, while the financial losses are ultimately borne by larger countries with higher levels of savings.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 345-360
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1517084
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1517084
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quanrun Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Quanrun
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Kunfu Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Kunfu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Peng Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Peng
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Xiangyin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Xiangyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Kailan Tian
Author-X-Name-First: Kailan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian
Author-Name: Lianling Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Lianling
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Distinguishing China's processing trade in the world input-output table and quantifying its effects
Abstract: 
 Distinguishing processing trade is crucial to national input-output table-based research on China's international trade. This paper further investigates the importance of distinguishing China's processing trade in multicountry input-output table-based studies. We focus on the bias in China's bilateral trade in value added caused by China's undistinguished processing trade. We construct a product-by-product world input-output table capturing China's processing trade based on the World Input-Output Database. Empirical studies show that, if China's processing trade is undistinguished, the profile of China's bilateral trade in value added would be seriously distorted; China's bilateral net trade in value added with some economies, such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, would be significantly underestimated, while it would be significantly overestimated for some other economies, such as the United States. Distinguishing processing trade in multicountry input-output tables is also crucial when China's bilateral trade in value added is considered.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 361-381
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1534225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1534225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:361-381




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mattia Cai
Author-X-Name-First: Mattia
Author-X-Name-Last: Cai
Author-Name: José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche
Title: Bridging macroeconomic data between statistical classifications: the count-seed RAS approach
Abstract: 
 In applications, it is often necessary to link heavily aggregated macroeconomic datasets adhering to different statistical classifications. We propose a simple data reclassification procedure for those cases in which a bridge matrix grounded in microdata is not available. The essential requirement of our approach, which we refer to as count-seed RAS, is that there exists a time period or a geographical entity similar to the one of interest for which the relevant economic variable is observed according to both classifications. From this information, a bridge matrix is constructed using bi-proportional methods to rescale a seed matrix based on a qualitative correspondence table from official sources. We test the procedure in two case studies and by Monte Carlo methods. We find that, in terms of reclassification accuracy, it performs noticeably better than other expeditious methods. The analytical framework underlying our approach may prove a useful way of conceptualizing data reclassification problems.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 382-403
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1540404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1540404
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:382-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sébastien Mary
Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Mary
Author-Name: Euan Phimister
Author-X-Name-First: Euan
Author-X-Name-Last: Phimister
Author-Name: Deborah Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Fabien Santini
Author-X-Name-First: Fabien
Author-X-Name-Last: Santini
Title: A Monte Carlo filtering application for systematic sensitivity analysis of computable general equilibrium results
Abstract: 
 Parameter uncertainty has fuelled criticisms on the robustness of results from computable general equilibrium models. This has led to the development of alternative sensitivity analysis approaches. Researchers have used Monte Carlo analysis for systematic sensitivity analysis because of its flexibility. But Monte Carlo analysis may yield biased simulation results. Gaussian quadratures have also been widely applied, although they can be difficult to apply in practice. This paper applies an alternative approach to systematic sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo filtering and examines how its results compare to both Monte Carlo and Gaussian quadrature approaches. It does so via an application to rural development policies in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. We find that Monte Carlo filtering outperforms the conventional Monte Carlo approach and is a viable alternative when a Gaussian quadrature approach cannot be applied or is too complex to implement.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 404-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1543182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1543182
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:404-422




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan M. Valderas-Jaramillo
Author-X-Name-First: Juan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Valderas-Jaramillo
Author-Name: José M. Rueda-Cantuche
Author-X-Name-First: José M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche
Author-Name: Elena Olmedo
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmedo
Author-Name: Joerg Beutel
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Beutel
Title: Projecting supply and use tables: new variants and fair comparisons
Abstract: 
 We have introduced in this paper new variants of two methods for projecting Supply and Use Tables that are based on a distance minimisation approach (SUT-RAS) and the Leontief model (SUT-EURO). We have also compared them under similar and comparable exogenous information, i.e.: with and without exogenous industry output, and with explicit consideration of taxes less subsidies on products. We have conducted an empirical assessment of all of these methods against a set of annual tables between 2000 and 2005 for Austria, Belgium, Spain and Italy. From the empirical assessment, we obtained three main conclusions: (a) the use of extra information (i.e. industry output) generally improves projected estimates in both methods; (b) whenever industry output is available, the SUT-RAS method should be used and otherwise the SUT-EURO should be used instead; and (c) the total industry output is best estimated by the SUT-EURO method when this is not available.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 423-444
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1545221
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1545221
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:423-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert E. Steenge
Author-X-Name-First: Albert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge
Author-Name: Maaike C. Bouwmeester
Author-X-Name-First: Maaike C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouwmeester
Author-Name: André Carrascal Incera
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrascal Incera
Title: Rents, resources, and multiple technologies; Ricardian mechanisms in input-output modelling
Abstract: 
 To allow for ‘multiple technologies’ to produce a homogeneous output in input–output models, Duchin and Levine [(2011) Sectors may use Multiple Technologies Simultaneously: The Rectangular Choice-of-technology Model with Binding Factor Constraints, Economic Systems Research, 23(3), 281–302] propose an optimization model constrained by primary resources. We show that the Duchin–Levine model contains two different mechanisms by which multiple technologies can arise. If a factor in short supply is shared by the original and the newly entering technology, the output of the original, lower-cost technology will be reduced to make room for the higher-cost technology which is less intensive in that factor. In contrast, if the factor in short supply is technology-specific, a higher-cost technology supplements the original lowest-cost one, which stays fully active. Either mechanism implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We relate these results to classical views on comparative advantage, fixed output levels and the origin of rents.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 445-466
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1558177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1558177
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:445-466




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Chen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Shinichiro Nakamura
Author-X-Name-First: Shinichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamura
Title: Approaches to solving China’s marine plastic pollution and CO2 emission problems
Abstract: 
 Global contamination of the oceans by waste plastics is of increasing concern. Besides being the largest emitter of CO2 in the world, China is suspected of being the largest contributor to marine plastic waste pollution. Responsible for the latter is the still inadequate management of waste in China, a significant improvement of which is necessary for addressing the issue of marine plastic pollution. Since plastics are hydrocarbons, submitting them to appropriate waste treatment/recycling technologies could contribute to mitigating the emission of CO2, indicating the possibility of addressing the two environmental issues simultaneously. Based on the combined use of waste input–output and linear programming, we investigated options for mitigating CO2 emissions under consideration of alternative waste treatment/recycling processes applied to waste plastics of China. It was found that of the nine processes considered, four could result in a net reduction in the emission: a win-win situation.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 143-157
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1486808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1486808
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:143-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto
Author-Name: Tesshu Hanaka
Author-X-Name-First: Tesshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanaka
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa
Author-Name: Keisuke Nansai
Author-X-Name-First: Keisuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Nansai
Title: Industrial clusters with substantial carbon-reduction potential
Abstract: 
 To successfully reduce environmental emissions, companies need to expand the scope of their emissions accounting to include entire supply chains. A clustering approach has been used to find emission-intensive industry clusters. However, this approach did not include entire direct and indirect supply chains when forming high emission industry clusters. We propose a new method based on a modified normalized cut function with Leontief’s input–output model and basic clustering algorithms to find industry clusters with high levels of embodied within-cluster emissions that are well separated in the supply chain network. We use this method to identify 58 carbon-intensive clusters of Japanese industries and visualize the within-cluster supply chains in terms of embodied carbon flows. We recommend that companies collaborate within clusters to reduce environmental emissions. Our results provide new insights on where to target emissions reduction actions and technology development within industrial supply chains.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 248-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1492369
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1492369
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:248-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Cordier
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cordier
Author-Name: T. Poitelon
Author-X-Name-First: T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Poitelon
Author-Name: W. Hecq
Author-X-Name-First: W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hecq
Title: The shared environmental responsibility principle: new developments applied to the case of marine ecosystems
Abstract: 
 Estuaries provide advantageous sites for both harbors and fish habitats. In many countries, harbor expansion in estuaries contributed to the decline of fish populations with impacts at the global scale. Restoring these habitats is important to prevent a global biodiversity crisis but is costly and potentially unaffordable for polluters under the Polluter Pays Principle. Such affordability issues prompt decision-makers to reduce environmental targets of restoration programs. Harbor infrastructures destroy fish habitats but generate benefits for society and contribute to the public interest, raising some questions on who is responsible for environmental degradations and who can afford environmental restoration costs? One way to allocate restoration costs is to analyze the amount of harbor services consumed by economic sectors. This paper addresses these questions by computing burden sharing scenarios with an input–output matrix. These scenarios are simulated under the shared responsibility principle to distribute restoration costs among stakeholders in the Seine estuary, France.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 228-247
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1520691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1520691
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:228-247




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zeus Guevara
Author-X-Name-First: Zeus
Author-X-Name-Last: Guevara
Author-Name: Edmundo Molina-Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Edmundo
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina-Pérez
Author-Name: Edith X. M. García
Author-X-Name-First: Edith X. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: García
Author-Name: Vanessa Pérez-Cirera
Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Cirera
Title: Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach
Abstract: 
 The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO2 emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO2 emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO2 emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 178-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1528212
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1528212
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:178-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pablo Piñero
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Piñero
Author-Name: Martin Bruckner
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruckner
Author-Name: Hanspeter Wieland
Author-X-Name-First: Hanspeter
Author-X-Name-Last: Wieland
Author-Name: Eva Pongrácz
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Pongrácz
Author-Name: Stefan Giljum
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Giljum
Title: The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation
Abstract: 
 A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the ‘value added-based responsibility’ allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that – due to their position in global value chains – certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 206-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1536038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1536038
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:206-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Philippidis
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Philippidis
Author-Name: Heleen Bartelings
Author-X-Name-First: Heleen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartelings
Author-Name: John Helming
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Helming
Author-Name: Robert M’barek
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: M’barek
Author-Name: Edward Smeets
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Smeets
Author-Name: Hans van Meijl
Author-X-Name-First: Hans
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meijl
Title: Levelling the playing field for EU biomass usage
Abstract: 
 The threats of climate change, food security, resource depletion and energy security are driving society towards a sustainable low-carbon future. Within this paradigm, biomass plays an invaluable role in meeting the food, feed, energy and material needs of future generations. Current EU thinking advocates biomass for high-value materials, which is not aligned with EU public policy support for ‘lower value’ bioenergy applications. ‘High-technology’ and ‘no bioenergy mandate’ pathways explore market conditions that generate a more equitable distribution between competing biomass conversion technologies and competing biomass and fossil technologies. In achieving greater equity, these pathways ease biomass market tensions; enhance EU food security; improve EU biobased trade balances; accelerate biomaterial sectors’ output performance and favour macroeconomic growth. Moreover, an additional 80% increase in the oil price signals a tipping point in favour of first generation biofuels, whilst simultaneously boosting output in advanced material conversion technologies even more than the high-technology pathway.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 158-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1564020
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1564020
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaume Freire-González
Author-X-Name-First: Jaume
Author-X-Name-Last: Freire-González
Author-Name: Mun S. Ho
Author-X-Name-First: Mun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho
Title: Carbon taxes and the double dividend hypothesis in a recursive-dynamic CGE model for Spain
Abstract: 
 A carbon tax is potentially a policy that can reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate risks, at lowest economy-wide costs. We develop a dynamic CGE model for Spain to assess the economic and environmental effects of a carbon tax, and test the double dividend (DD) hypothesis. We simulate the impact of three carbon taxes: €10, €20 and €30 per ton of CO2. For each tax, four ‘revenue recycling’ scenarios are examined: a reduction of taxes on capital, on labor, on value-added tax, and a scenario in which revenues are not recycled. We find a DD for taxes of €10/ton and lower, within five to seven years of implementation. We estimate an annual CO2 emissions reduction of around 10% with this tax. Under some circumstances, the DD can be achieved for a tax of €20/ton. In any case, recycling revenues to cut pre-existing taxes reduces costs of imposing carbon taxes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 267-284
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1568969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1568969
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elco E. Koks
Author-X-Name-First: Elco E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koks
Author-Name: Mark Thissen
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Thissen
Title: A Multiregional Impact Assessment Model for disaster analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a recursive dynamic multiregional supply-use model, combining linear programming and input–output (I–O) modeling to assess the economy-wide consequences of a natural disaster on a pan-European scale. It is a supply-use model which considers production technologies and allows for supply side constraints. The model has been illustrated for three floods in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Results show that most of the neighboring regions gain from the flood due to increased demand for reconstruction and production capacity constraints in the affected region. Regions located further away or neighboring regions without a direct export link to the affected region mostly suffered small losses. These losses are due to the costs of increased inefficiencies in the production process that have to be paid for by all (indirectly) consuming regions. In the end, the floods cause regionally differentiated welfare effects.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 429-449
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1232701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1232701
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthias Brachert
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Brachert
Author-Name: Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Ulrich
Author-X-Name-Last: Brautzsch
Author-Name: Mirko Titze
Author-X-Name-First: Mirko
Author-X-Name-Last: Titze
Title: Mapping potentials for input–output-based innovation flows in industrial clusters – an application to Germany
Abstract: 
 Our paper pursues two aims: first, it presents an approach based on input–output innovation flow matrices to study intersectoral innovation flows within industrial clusters. Second, we apply this approach to the identification of structural weaknesses in East Germany relative to the western part of the country. The case of East Germany forms an interesting subject because while its convergence process after unification began promisingly in the first half of the 1990s, convergence has since slowed down. The existing gap can now be traced mainly to structural weaknesses in the East German economy, such as the absence of strong industrial cluster structures. With this in mind, we investigate whether East Germany does in fact reveal the abovementioned structural weaknesses. Does East Germany possess fewer industrial clusters? Are they less connected? Does East Germany lack specific clusters that are also important for the non-clustered part of the economy?
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 450-466
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1244517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1244517
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chanyoung Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Chanyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Author-Name: Jeong-Dong Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jeong-Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Macroeconomic effects of R&amp;D tax credits on small and medium enterprises
Abstract: 
 Research and development (R&amp;D) is regarded as a core factor for the long-run performance of both large enterprises (LEs) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper analyzes the economic effects of R&amp;D tax credits by firm size. It mainly aims to compare the results of tax policies oriented towards LEs to those towards SMEs. In order to estimate the impact numerically, we use a computable general equilibrium model, which incorporates some essential characteristics of knowledge. First, we introduce a social accounting matrix that differentiates between SMEs and LEs in manufacturing industries. Then, a knowledge-based macroeconomic model estimates outcomes for policy scenarios regarding tax incentives. The results show that SMEs support more rapid growth than do LEs when the same volume of tax credits is offered to both enterprise types. We suggest that the intensity of knowledge spillovers induced by SMEs is driving this result.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 467-481
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1240067
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1240067
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kênia Barreiro de Souza
Author-X-Name-First: Kênia Barreiro
Author-X-Name-Last: de Souza
Author-Name: Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro
Author-X-Name-First: Luiz Carlos de Santana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ribeiro
Author-Name: Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Salgueiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Perobelli
Title: Reducing Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: scenario simulations of targets and policies
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to evaluate the economic impacts of greenhouse gas emission reduction on the Brazilian economy. To this end, we developed an integrated input–output linear programming model for 2009 using the Supply and Use Tables and emissions data of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation. We simulated emissions targets for various potential scenarios in which the adopted policy design took account of sectoral composition in terms of emissions and available production technology. The results were directly affected by the high level of livestock emissions, counterbalancing this sector’s economic importance for Brazil. In the short term, sectoral emissions targets associated with taxation policy or emission permits could be developed in order to create private incentives to mitigate emissions. In this sense, the results also show that different sectoral targets may be able to balance environmental benefits with the possible economic losses incurred by such policies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 482-496
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1230093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1230093
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anke Mönnig
Author-X-Name-First: Anke
Author-X-Name-Last: Mönnig
Title: The European Monetary Union break-up: an economic experiment on the return of the deutsche mark
Abstract: 
 By using the macro-econometric input–output model INFORGE, this paper investigates the economic effects of a unilateral break-up of Germany from the European Monetary Union (EMU). The results show that a return to a national currency lowers Germany's growth path. Positive effects of a break-up due to lower domestic prices, increasing real wages and lower imports are fully compensated by the loss in international competitiveness. On industrial level, the negative implications are the strongest in those industries that depend strongly on exports. Strong indirect implications are expected for the business-related service sector. Although the results of this economic experiment depend strongly on its underlying assumptions, it can be shown that a break-up of the EMU would result in a heavy welfare loss for Germany.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 497-517
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1242478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1242478
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: João Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: João
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Author-Name: Alexandra Marques
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Marques
Author-Name: Richard Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Arnold Tukker
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold
Author-X-Name-Last: Tukker
Title: A network approach for assembling and linking input–output models
Abstract: 
 Input–output (IO) models, describing trade between different sectors and regions, are widely used to study the environmental repercussions of human activities. A frequent challenge in assembling an IO model or linking several such models is the absence of flow data with the same level of detail for all components. Such problems can be addressed using proportional allocation, which is a form of algebraic transformations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach whereby the IO system is viewed as a network, the topology of which is transformed with the addition of virtual nodes so that available empirical flow data can be mapped directly to existing links, with no additional estimation required, and no impact on results. As IO systems become increasingly disaggregated, and coupled to adjacent databases and models, the adaptability of IO frameworks becomes increasingly important. We show that topological transformations also offer large advantages in terms of transparency, modularity and increasingly importantly for global IO models, efficiency. We illustrate the results in the context of trade linking, multi-scale integration and other applications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 518-538
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1238817
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1238817
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1251107
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2016.1251107
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul de Boer
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: de Boer
Author-Name: João F. D. Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: João F. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Title: Decomposition analysis: when to use which method?
Abstract: 
 Structural and index decomposition analyses allow identifying the main drivers of observed changes over time of energy and environmental impacts. These decomposition analyses have become very popular in recent decades and, many alternative methods to implement them have become available. Several of the most popular methods have been developed earlier in index number theory, a context in which each particular method is defined by adhering to a set of properties. The goal of the present paper is to review the main results of index number theory and discuss its connection to decomposition analyses. By doing so, we can present a decision tree that allows users to choose a decomposition method that meets desired properties. We report as hands-on example an empirical case study of the carbon footprint of the Netherlands in the period 2004–2005.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1652571
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1652571
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Sommer
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Sommer
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena
Title: Consumption and production-based CO2 pricing policies: macroeconomic trade-offs and carbon leakage
Abstract: 
 This paper applies a DYNK (Dynamic New Keynesian) model to compare the traditional environmental tax reform for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with a taxation scheme that taxes GHG emissions embodied in consumption within the framework of a unilateral policy of the EU-27. The embodied emissions of different commodities are taxed independently of their origin. The GHG tax rates applied are identical and new revenues are in both cases recycled via lower social security contributions of employers. The results show the macroeconomic results, driven by the different impact of the taxation schemes on price competitiveness of EU-27 firms. These differences drive the leakage and show negative leakage in the case of taxing embodied GHG emissions. Both taxation schemes are also regressive for household incomes emphasizing the importance of the choice of revenue recycling. In terms of emission reduction, we find the taxation of emissions embodied in consumption less effective.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 29-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1612736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1612736
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Futu Faturay
Author-X-Name-First: Futu
Author-X-Name-Last: Faturay
Author-Name: Ya-Yen Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Ya-Yen
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Arunima Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Arunima
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Name: Arne Geschke
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Geschke
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Title: Using virtual laboratories for disaster analysis – a case study of Taiwan
Abstract: 
 Due to its geographic location, Taiwan frequently experiences severe natural disasters (for example earthquakes and typhoons) that significantly interrupt business operations and subsequently cause extensive financial losses. Prior work on economic losses resulting from such natural disasters in Taiwan has not considered regional and sectoral spillover effects. In this work, we estimate the economic impacts resulting from the 1999 Chichi earthquake, the 2009 typhoon Morakot, the 2016 Tainan earthquake, and the 2016 typhoon Megi. We do so in the new TaiwanLab, a collaborative virtual laboratory that is capable of generating a time-series of subnational multiregional input–output (MRIO) tables, capturing interregional transactions among 267 sectors across Taiwan’s 22 city-counties. We identify critical economic sectors in regions of high vulnerability to natural disasters. Our research is, thus, a credible reference to decision-making that determines regional and sectoral prioritisation for damage mitigation, improved resiliency, and faster recovery schedules.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 58-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1617677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1617677
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Ulrich
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulrich
Author-Name: Ulrike Lehr
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehr
Title: Economic effects of an E-mobility scenario – input structure and energy consumption
Abstract: 
 The development of a strong domestic market for E-mobility is given a high priority and it is counted as an impulse for the transformation towards a Green Economy in Germany. Replacing the combustion engine by alternative drives can trigger a variety of macroeconomic effects. The paper presents the results of a model-based analysis. In particular, effects on the value chain of the automotive industry and the demand for consumer goods are explicitly modelled. An E-mobility scenario that meets the six million E-vehicles by a 2030 target is compared with a reference scenario. Assuming a substitution of inputs within the automotive industry by inputs from the electrical engineering sector, negative effects in vehicle production are offset by positive effects in energy technology production. For the macroeconomic effects, the development of imports and exports is crucial. In the scenario comparison presented here, short- to medium-term employment effects are slightly positive.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 84-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1619522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1619522
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marwil J. Dávila-Fernández
Author-X-Name-First: Marwil J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dávila-Fernández
Author-Name: Lionello F. Punzo
Author-X-Name-First: Lionello F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Punzo
Title: Financialisation as structural change: measuring the financial content of things
Abstract: 
 In this article, we present a multi-sectoral treatment of financialisation based on input–output analysis. Our main innovation introduces financialisation as an increase in financial content per unit of output produced. In this way, we may investigate changes in relative importance of financial activities, taking into account direct and indirect interactions among sectors. Although methods focusing on the disaggregation of input–output tables have been largely explored in past decades, they have received limited attention in the literature on financialisation. We aim to refocus on multi-sectoral issues by offering a simple structure of analysis to assess the interconnections between the real and financial sides of the economy. Using a 15 and 14-sector level of aggregation, we study the experiences of the United States and Brazil for the period 1947–2015 and 1995–2011, respectively.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 98-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1643294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1643294
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: An Vercalsteren
Author-X-Name-First: An
Author-X-Name-Last: Vercalsteren
Author-Name: Maarten Christis
Author-X-Name-First: Maarten
Author-X-Name-Last: Christis
Author-Name: Theo Geerken
Author-X-Name-First: Theo
Author-X-Name-Last: Geerken
Author-Name: Ann Van der Linden
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Linden
Title: Policy needs (to be) covered by static environmentally extended input–output analyses
Abstract: 
 There exists little evidence in the literature of the extent to which static environmentally extended multiregion input–output (EE-MRIO) studies actually contribute to political decision-making and policy formulation. This paper provides an overview of the reported applications of EE-MRIO analysis in an environmental context, either initiated by questions from policy makers or demonstrated by researchers. The applications are structured according to their scope and scale, the coverage of the DPSIR environmental policy framework (driving forces/pressures/state/impact/response), and the type of application (problem analysis/agenda setting, ex ante and ex post/monitoring). Results from interviews with policy makers (Belgium) show both their interest in IO-modelling and specific needs they have to make it more useful in their own context. The more experimental EE-IO models serve well for the early policy phase of problem analysis and agenda setting. Also, their use can prove the importance of strengthening international collaboration to develop internationally recognized EE-IO models.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 121-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1644994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1644994
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: José M. Rueda-Cantuche
Author-X-Name-First: José M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche
Author-Name: Antonio F. Amores
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amores
Author-Name: Isabelle Remond-Tiedrez
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Remond-Tiedrez
Title: Can supply, use and input–output tables be converted to a different classification with aggregate information?
Abstract: 
 Every change in the product and/or industry classifications and/or methodology of supply, use and input–output tables makes any medium- to long-term policy analysis impossible unless appropriate conversions are provided by national statistical institutes using more detailed data. However, can these tables be reasonably converted to a different classification of industries and products using aggregate information? We develop a conversion method that allows changes in classification that are independent of the number of industries and products. In addition, we provide evidence about its empirical performance compared with projection methods. We find projection methods perform better than conversion methods, at least when using aggregate information. Nonetheless, unlike conversion methods, projection methods generally require supply, use and input–output tables in the new classification that might not always be available. In their absence, we recommend using more detailed and sophisticated data.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 145-165
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1655393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1655393
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonio Manresa
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Manresa
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho
Title: A follow-up note on the plausibility of the Leontief and Ghosh closed models
Abstract: 
 Herein we consider Leontief and Ghosh models that partly endogenize both part of final demand and part of value-added. We use Osterhaven's [(2012) Adding Supply-driven Consumption Makes the Ghosh Model Even More Implausible. Economic Systems Research, 24, 101–111] numerical three-sector example to show that anomalies of the sort he finds for a Ghosh closed model can also be found in the closed version of a Leontief model. By assuming, as Oosterhaven did, that aggregate exogenous resources are fixed, we obtain mirror results to his in a Ghosh setting, albeit in the more-traditional Leontief instance. Such numerical anomalies for the three-sector case turn out to be generic to both partially closed models for any 2×2 input–output model. A proof for the general n×n case remains to be uncovered.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 166-172
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1650331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1650331
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:166-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koji Ito
Author-X-Name-First: Koji
Author-X-Name-Last: Ito
Author-Name: Ivan Deseatnicov
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Deseatnicov
Author-Name: Kyoji Fukao
Author-X-Name-First: Kyoji
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukao
Title: Japan’s participation in global value chains: splitting the IO table into production for export and domestic sale
Abstract: 
 This paper examines Japan’s participation in global value chains (GVCs). To this end, we use plant-level data for Japan to split output in each industry in Japan’s manufacturing sector into output for export or domestic sale and create an extended multi-country input–output table (MIOT). We then compute trade in value added (TiVA) indicators to examine the participation of Japanese manufacturing plants in GVCs. Our estimates suggest that Japan’s forward participation in GVCs is lower than suggested by estimates computed from a traditional MIOT. We infer that this result is due to high cross-border production fragmentation as well as the large presence of Japanese multinational companies in global manufacturing and the high volume of intra-firm trade in Japan’s manufacturing sector. We conclude that considering firm heterogeneity in production for export and domestic sale in MIOTs provides a more accurate understanding of global production fragmentation.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 173-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1657802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1657802
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:173-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: João F. D. Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: João F. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Author-Name: Rong Yuan
Author-X-Name-First: Rong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan
Author-Name: Hai Xiang Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Hai Xiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: The expectations of and covariances between carbon footprints
Abstract: 
 Carbon footprints and other environmentally extended input–output indicators are obtained as aggregations of emissions embodied in supply chains (EESCs), which express the emissions occurring in a specific production activity to satisfy a given volume of final demand. Here we derive theoretical approximations of the expectations of and covariances between EESCs, as a function of the expectations of and covariances between source data (technical coefficients, emission coefficients and final demand volumes) through a Taylor expansion. We report an empirical test of those approximations, using a sample of 5 global multi-regional input–output models in the year 2007, of which we extract 22 single-region input–output systems with 17 sectors. We find that approximations of multipliers perform better than those of EESC, and approximations of expectations perform better than those of covariances.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 192-201
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1659757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1659757
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yann Füllemann
Author-X-Name-First: Yann
Author-X-Name-Last: Füllemann
Author-Name: Vincent Moreau
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreau
Author-Name: Marc Vielle
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Vielle
Author-Name: François Vuille
Author-X-Name-First: François
Author-X-Name-Last: Vuille
Title: Hire fast, fire slow: the employment benefits of energy transitions
Abstract: 
 The transition towards decarbonized and efficient energy systems has broad socio-economic implications. We estimate the potential impacts on employment from efforts in energy efficiency in industry, transport and buildings as well as substituting local renewable energy sources for fossil fuels. Both energy supply and demand are accounted for. We use a hybrid approach that combines national energy transition scenarios with input–output tables, adjusted for new energy and non-energy activities. We conclude that the transition has a net positive impact on employment as illustrated by the case of Switzerland. The local and decentralized nature of energy efficiency and renewables retains a greater share of value-added domestically than does a supply chain of fossil fuels. Moreover, we find that more jobs are created in demand-side activities, such as building renovation, than in renewable energy generation. Positive impacts on jobs from spillover effects in all non-energy activities are also found.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 202-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1695584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1695584
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irfan Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Irfan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Name: Claudio Socci
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Socci
Author-Name: Francesca Severini
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Severini
Author-Name: Rosita Pretaroli
Author-X-Name-First: Rosita
Author-X-Name-Last: Pretaroli
Author-Name: Hassan Kasady Al Mahdi
Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Kasady
Author-X-Name-Last: Al Mahdi
Title: Unconventional monetary policy and real estate sector: a financial dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Italy
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the effects of an expansionary monetary policy on the Italian economy and, in particular, on real estate (RE) as a commodity. RE is a key sector for the Italian economy. It has strong interactions with the other sectors, especially with the financial markets. Therefore, we develop a financial dynamic computable general equilibrium model to analyze the response of RE sector to a shock on money supply. The parameters of the model are calibrated on the financial social accounting matrix for Italy that identifies the economic and financial flows in the economic system in a well-defined time period. Our findings confirm that the policy has a positive impact on real economy and on the RE output, value added and pricing.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 221-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1656601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1656601
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuya Nakamoto
Author-X-Name-First: Yuya
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamoto
Title: Spatial structural decomposition analysis with a focus on product lifetime
Abstract: 
 This study estimates the carbon footprint associated with global final demand for automobiles and petroleum of the U.S.A., Germany, and Japan, which accounted for 31% of the global stock of passenger cars in 2009, during 1995 to 2009. I develop a comprehensive new method to more clearly illuminate the structural change in automobiles’ global final demand. Based on the results, I discuss how a circular strategy with a focus on vehicle lifetime extension contributes to the automobile carbon footprint in each country. While the environmental burden from automobile manufacturing has decreased globally, the Leontief production structure countered carbon reduction and completely canceled out the effects of technological changes to reduce emission intensities. The results showed that suppressing demand for new cars through lifetime extensions greatly reduced the carbon footprint, in a similar or even greater way than that from changes in industrial technology.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 239-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1670623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1670623
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristian Mardones
Author-X-Name-First: Cristian
Author-X-Name-Last: Mardones
Author-Name: Mirko Lipski
Author-X-Name-First: Mirko
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipski
Title: A carbon tax on agriculture? A CGE analysis for Chile
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the implementation of a tax on CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions produced by the agricultural sector. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations consider tax rates ranging from $5 to $131 USD/ton CO2eq with sensitivity analyses. We find that a tax applied only to agricultural emissions makes agriculture less competitive and, thus, reduces its production. Real GDP falls from 0.00–0.01% to 0.12–0.40% as a result, and total emissions decline from 0.07–0.10% to 1.79–2.25%. The tax is slightly regressive. We conclude that the tax on just agriculture does not substantially reduce emissions. Indeed, we find it is more efficient to apply the tax across the board, while subsidizing the forestry.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 262-277
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1676701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1676701
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ignacio Cazcarro
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazcarro
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte
Author-Name: Julio Sánchez Chóliz
Author-X-Name-First: Julio
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Chóliz
Author-Name: Cristina Sarasa
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarasa
Title: Water and production reallocation in the Spanish agri-food system
Abstract: 
 Multiregional input–output (MRIO) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have greatly facilitated approaches to environmental and economic problems in recent years. This paper examines regional reallocation criteria intended to reduce water constraints in the Spanish economy. Our goal is to assess the impact of alternative allocation scenarios for regional production on the country’s agriculture and agri-food industries, and the associated effects on water resources along the whole length of food supply chains, which display significant asymmetries between regions caused by imbalances in the availability of water resources. We design a CGE model using an MRIO database for Spain. Our scenarios are based on increases in the production of water-intensive crops in regions with more abundant water resources and the development of more sustainable food supply chains between farms and the agri-food industry. Our findings point to a series of policy options that could be applied to ensure successful outcomes in both directions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 278-299
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1693982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1693982
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María-Ángeles Cadarso
Author-X-Name-First: María-Ángeles
Author-X-Name-Last: Cadarso
Author-Name: Fabio Monsalve
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Monsalve
Author-Name: Guadalupe Arce
Author-X-Name-First: Guadalupe
Author-X-Name-Last: Arce
Title: Emissions burden shifting in global value chains – winners and losers under multi-regional versus bilateral accounting
Abstract: 
 International trade leads to emissions burden shifting and threatens mitigation targets. Multiregional input–output (MRIO) and bilateral trade input–output (BTIO) models are widely used to analyse emissions embodied in trade and global value chains. Especially, the last one is used in analysing border tax adjustment (BTA) on the carbon content of imports. The model choice is not trivial. The analysis shows BTIO's inability to capture the consumer-principle throughout the production chain and its inadequacy as an option for consumption-based accounting, because it allocates emissions to the first importing country and to the sector of production, instead to the consumer (both country and region). Regarding the BTA assessment, BTIO tax domestic carbon content of direct imports, but not indirect imported carbon content. MRIO does provide incentives for mitigation in third countries. The differences in allocation of emissions and taxes’ burden of both models have different consequences for developed and undeveloped regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 439-461
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1431768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1431768
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Utz-Peter Reich
Author-X-Name-First: Utz-Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Reich
Title: Accounting for international trade in value added: a comment on the OECD–WTO project
Abstract: 
 In the global economy of today, global value-added chains allow firms and countries to take apart the production process and do the part they are best at. In response to this new reality, OECD and WTO have launched a common statistics project of the ‘OECD–WTO Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) Database’. The database links national input–output tables with bilateral trade data to develop inter-country input–output tables that allow compiling, and revealing such chains. Its data are actual nominal values compiled at current exchange rates. The paper takes issue with that choice. Recalling that elsewhere in the United Nations national accounting figures are transformed to purchasing power parity before being compared internationally the paper suggests to follow suit and compile international value-added chains at real exchange rates, as well, and it sketches an introductory outline of how to do so.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 462-477
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1434486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1434486
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terrie Walmsley
Author-X-Name-First: Terrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walmsley
Author-Name: Badri Narayanan
Author-X-Name-First: Badri
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan
Author-Name: Angel Aguiar
Author-X-Name-First: Angel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aguiar
Author-Name: Robert McDougall
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: McDougall
Title: Building a global database: consequences for the national I–O data
Abstract: 
 Global economic analysis requires consistent and balanced data, which necessitates the reconciliation of datasets from both national and international sources. In the case of the Global Trade Analysis Project Data Base, datasets supplied by international sources are considered preferable to national input–output (I–O) tables. As a result, the national I–O data can experience significant adjustments during the reconciliation process due to differences between the national and international datasets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which national I–O data change during reconciliation. The results demonstrate that the I–O data are altered by the construction process, particularly from the reconciliation of the national I–O data to the international trade and energy datasets. Closer examination reveals potential issues with both the trade and energy datasets, as well as the national I–O data – illustrating the challenges associated with reconciling data from multiple sources.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 478-496
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1440533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1440533
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rossella Bardazzi
Author-X-Name-First: Rossella
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardazzi
Author-Name: Leonardo Ghezzi
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghezzi
Title: Trade, competitiveness and investment: an empirical assessment
Abstract: 
 The Eurozone crisis has exposed several weaknesses of the European Monetary Union economies. This paper aims to assess the impact on external competitiveness of an expansionary capital stock policy that could contribute to reduce the trade balance asymmetries within the EU and help European exporters to recover their competitive role in international markets. A policy action to increase capital stock accumulation through investment in selected European countries could generate a double dividend: increasing both price and nonprice competitiveness, so stimulating their competitive position as exporters, and consolidating the growth path of EU economy. The analysis employs a bilateral trade model built at INFORUM with several distinguishing characteristics: a comprehensive bilateral data set, econometric estimation of key parameters, and emphasis on sectoral details. Our findings show that a capital stock increase is effective in narrowing trade imbalances within EU. Heterogeneous effects are estimated for commodities in China and the US.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 497-520
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1446913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1446913
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María T. Álvarez-Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: María T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Álvarez-Martínez
Author-Name: Montserrat López-Cobo
Author-X-Name-First: Montserrat
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Cobo
Title: WIOD SAMs adjusted with Eurostat data for the EU-27
Abstract: 
 This paper provides a new set of Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) for the EU-27 and describes their construction process. The World Input–Output Database (WIOD) has been used as the main data source, and it has been completed with information from National Accounts in Eurostat. The SAMs include a disaggregation of labour by skills and the disaggregation of the foreign sector into the EU and Rest of the world. It is described how to elaborate a symmetric Input–Output table product by product at purchasers’ prices using supply and use tables and applying the industry technology. It is also described the reallocation of social contributions needed to properly assign tax revenues to government and avoid the usually overlooked problems generated by the second redistribution of income. The description of the SAMs and their availability for the EU-27 can be very useful to researchers in applied economics using CGE and SAM models.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 521-544
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1448758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1448758
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte
Author-Name: Vicente Pinilla
Author-X-Name-First: Vicente
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinilla
Author-Name: Ana Serrano
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Serrano
Title: Factors driving embodied carbon in international trade: a multiregional input–output gravity model
Abstract: 
 Concerns about the effects and consequences of climate change have notably increased in recent decades. Despite large advances in the understanding of this phenomenon, further research into the determinants of gas emissions is necessary, to shed light on the responsibilities of producers and consumers, and their potential contribution to mitigation strategies. This paper studies the trajectories and determinants of carbon embodied in world trade during a period of 15 years. Our methodology relies on a multiregional input–output model, environmentally extended. Drawing on data from the World Input–Output Database, we estimate embodied emissions in bilateral flows. Then, we assess the determinants of CO2 emissions embodied in trade, combining input–output modelling with trade gravity panel data analysis. This paper offers a methodological approach that explains and quantifies the underlying factors of carbon trade, integrating the production and consumption perspectives and considering the geographical, structural and institutional context of countries.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 545-566
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2018.1450226
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2018.1450226
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joao-Pedro Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Joao-Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: Michael Lahr
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahr
Author-Name: Pedro Ramos
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos
Author-Name: Eduardo Castro
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Castro
Title: Accounting for global migrant remittances flows
Abstract: 
 Migrant remittances are important to some countries. According to the World Bank, they comprise more than 30% of the GDP of Kyrgyzstan, Tonga, Tajikistan, Haiti and Nepal. Compared to official development aid or foreign direct investment, remittances have lately become a prime income stream for less-developed nations. In this paper, we analyze the net spillover and feedback effects from the consumer demand generated in migrants’ home countries. We use World Bank estimates of remittances and the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) for the investigation with so-called ‘hypothetical insertion’ as the tool of choice. We find that even some developed nations, like the US, likely benefit from remittances (the largest global path for remittances is that from the US to Mexico), but that not all do (e.g. Canada does not). We stop short of making strong policy recommendations. Instead, we suggest that more attention is paid to the veracity of remittance estimates.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 301-317
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1659756
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1659756
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raffaele Giammetti
Author-X-Name-First: Raffaele
Author-X-Name-Last: Giammetti
Title: Tariffs, domestic import substitution and trade diversion in input-output production networks: an exercise on Brexit
Abstract: 
 In this paper we employ the World Input–Output Database to develop a multi-sector inter-country model that allows us to identify the channels through which the trade effects of Brexit would propagate. The inclusion of global value chains and indirect Brexit effects in the model leads to estimates that diverge with the results of the main literature. Indeed, we found that Brexit could be risky and costly not only for the UK but also for many EU countries. Furthermore, we develop a second model and present the first empirical analysis on the consequences of domestic import substitution and trade diversion policies in Input–Output schemes. We found that allowing sectors and countries to partly substitute foreign products, leads to significantly lower losses for both macro-regions: the UK and EU27 would lose, at worst, the 0.28 and 0.5 percent of value-added, respectively.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 318-350
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1738347
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1738347
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Navid Attary
Author-X-Name-First: Navid
Author-X-Name-Last: Attary
Author-Name: Harvey Cutler
Author-X-Name-First: Harvey
Author-X-Name-Last: Cutler
Author-Name: Martin Shields
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shields
Author-Name: John W. van de Lindt
Author-X-Name-First: John W.
Author-X-Name-Last: van de Lindt
Title: The economic effects of financial relief delays following a natural disaster
Abstract: 
 In the U.S. the economic damages of natural disasters have increased substantially over time. While private insurance payouts tend to arrive relatively quickly, federal recovery monies are often allocated unevenly, with some communities waiting years to receive previously designated funds. We examine the costliness of delay by linking an economic model of the Joplin, Missouri economy to a civil engineering model that replicates the damage from a tornado that devastated the community in 2011. Building damage estimates from the natural hazard and engineering models are translated into capital stock losses, which subsequently impact the local economy through lost output. We examine several different recovery paths, with a focus on differences in the timing of recovery assistance. Our results show that delaying financial assistance can have important, irretrievable adverse outcomes in the short run.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 351-377
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1713729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1713729
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tiziano Distefano
Author-X-Name-First: Tiziano
Author-X-Name-Last: Distefano
Author-Name: Marta Tuninetti
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Tuninetti
Author-Name: Francesco Laio
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Laio
Author-Name: Luca Ridolfi
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Ridolfi
Title: Tools for reconstructing the bilateral trade network: a critical assessment
Abstract: 
 This study critically assesses the performances of the Gravity Model (GM) and of the RAS algorithm for the bilateral flow intensity estimations and link prediction. The main novelty is the application of these methodologies to reconstruct the network topology with a minimum amount of information. Moreover, we implement a multi-layer analysis to provide a comprehensive and robust framework, by testing several food commodities, over the period 1986–2013. The main outcomes suggest that the RAS algorithm outperforms the Gravity Model in the estimations of the bilateral trade flows, importantly guaranteeing the balance constraints (i.e. global import equals global export), while GM generates lower relative errors, but it underestimates total global flows. Both RAS and GM can be applied to accurately recover the network architecture. The implications of our study encompass a wide range of applications: systemic-risk assessment, creation of new databases, and scenario analyses to support policy decisions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 378-394
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1703173
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1703173
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sébastien Miroudot
Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Miroudot
Author-Name: Ming Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Title: Multinational production in value-added terms
Abstract: 
 Micro-level evidence has emphasised that firms that produce across countries are responsible for a large share of international exchanges of goods, services, capital and knowledge. At the aggregate level, quantitative studies that look at multinational production generally rely on the concept of sales of foreign affiliates, which is a gross concept that includes the value of intermediate inputs. In the case of trade, the literature has recently shifted to a value-added approach that can distinguish in exports the contribution of the different economies supplying inputs. In this paper, we propose a framework that decomposes value-added in domestic sales in order to trace its origin and remove any double-counting. We find that an intercountry input–output table split on ownership can yield an analysis of activities of foreign affiliates of multinational firms in value-added terms.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 395-412
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1701997
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1701997
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:395-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike G. Tsionas
Author-X-Name-First: Mike G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsionas
Title: Bayesian input–output table update using a benchmark LASSO prior
Abstract: 
 We propose updating a multiplier matrix subject to final demand and total output constraints, where the prior multiplier matrix is weighted against a LASSO prior. We update elements of the Leontief inverse, from which we can derive posterior densities of the entries in input–output tables. As the parameter estimates required by far exceed the available observations, many zero entries deliver a sparse tabulation. We address that problem with a new statistical model wherein we adopt a LASSO prior. We develop novel numerical techniques and perform a detailed Monte Carlo study to examine the performance of the new approach under different configurations of the input–output table. The new techniques are applied to a 196 × 196 U.S. input–output table for 2012.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 413-427
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2019.1707170
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2019.1707170
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:413-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junning Cai
Author-X-Name-First: Junning
Author-X-Name-Last: Cai
Author-Name: PingSun Leung
Author-X-Name-First: PingSun
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Title: A note on linkage between gross value added and final use at the industry level
Abstract: 
 Gross value added (GVA) is a common indicator of an industry/sector’s economic performance. While an economy’s total GVA is always equal to its total final use, an individual industry/sector’s GVA is usually not equal to its final use. Yet an accounting identity between an industry/sector’s GVA and the final use of multiple industries/sectors can be established by a gross value added-final use (GVA-FU) matrix. This paper derives the GVA-FU matrix in the Leontief demand-driven model and its equivalence in the Ghosh supply-driven model and interprets the matrix from different perspectives. The GVA-FU matrix can help policymakers and practitioners better understand an industry/sector’s percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) – the underlying measure behind the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Indicator 14.7.1 – from the demand-side perspective and facilitate its proper use for policy and planning. The GVA-FU matrix can become a standard component of the input–output apparatus for multiple applications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 428-437
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1718617
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1718617
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Author-Name: Bart Verspagen
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Verspagen
Title: An Introduction to the Analysis of Systems of Innovation: Scientific and Technological Interdependencies
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 315-322
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024815
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024815
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:315-322




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tracing Knowledge Flows in Innovation Systems—an Informetric Perspective on Future Research Science-based Innovation
Abstract: 
 We, the Editors and Publisher of Economic Systems Research, have retracted the following article:Martin Meyer, ‘Tracing Knowledge Flows in Innovation Systems—an Informetric Perspective on Future Research Science-based Innovation’, Economic Systems research, 14(4), 2002, Pages 323–344, doi:10.1080/0953531022000024824
			This retraction, made in August 2020, is at the request of the author due to significant overlap with the following article:Martin Meyer, ‘Tracing knowledge flows in innovation systems’, Scientometrics, 54 (2), 2002, Pages 193–212, doi:10.1023/A:1016057727209.We note the breach of warranties made by the author with respect to originality, and of our policy on publishing ethics and integrity. We note we received, peer-reviewed, accepted, and published the article in good faith based on these warranties, and censure this action. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 323-344
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024824
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:323-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koen Frenken
Author-X-Name-First: Koen
Author-X-Name-Last: Frenken
Title: A New Indicator of European Integration and an Application to Collaboration in Scientific Research
Abstract: 
 The goal of this study is to develop a comprehensive indicator of integration among countries within a supranational system. Integration is not analysed in terms of the growth in interactions among countries, but in terms of the matrix distribution of interactions among countries. Integration can then be indicated in terms of interaction biases among countries measured by the difference between the observed matrix distribution and the hypothetical random distribution. The indicator is applied to data on research collaborations among European research institutions (1993-2000). Evidence is found that the European science system has indeed become more integrated. The higher level of integration has resulted exclusively from a more evenly distributed pattern of European collaborations, while the strong bias towards intra-national collaborations persisted. The results point to the persistence of national science systems. A future research agenda and science policy implications are discussed.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 345-361
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024833
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:345-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Finn Valentin
Author-X-Name-First: Finn
Author-X-Name-Last: Valentin
Author-Name: Rasmus Lund Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: Rasmus Lund
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Title: Reaping the Fruits of Science: Comparing Exploitations of a Scientific Breakthrough in European Innovation Systems
Abstract: 
 This paper is an attempt to unpack the emergence and dynamics of science-based technologies in conceptual forms that allow us to understand better when and how the social and economic organization of search and problem-solving matters. The evolution over two decades of a specific science-based technology is mapped with data from its 192 patents. For the five European countries generating the majority of patents, we identify the host organizations of all 275 inventors involved in the R&D behind the patents. Using network analysis we then map the evolution of separate innovation systems and their structural and evolutionary characteristics. The best performing system combines a cumulative pattern with frequent and shifting connections to non-system R&D partners while maintaining a small core of almost omnipresent inventor-organizations. The role of multinational corporations in orchestrating innovation systems is apparent.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 363-388
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024842
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ina Drejer
Author-X-Name-First: Ina
Author-X-Name-Last: Drejer
Title: Business Services as a Production Factor
Abstract: 
 Based on the assumption that business services are influential production factors, an empirical analysis of the relation between business service inputs and production output in user sectors is carried out. Danish data from 52 manufacturing and service sectors covering the period 1970-95 are applied in the analysis. A sectoral dimension is introduced by dividing the 52 sectors into eight sectoral groupings and then allowing the slopes of the different variables included in the model to vary between the eight groups. The empirical analysis offers some support to the assumption that business services can have an effect comparable to traditional production factors, although this only applies to service sectors, and, partly, to low-knowledge manufacturing.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 389-405
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024851
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:389-405




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Title: Externalities of R&D Expenditures
Abstract: 
 Innovation is generally recognized as a major source of economic growth. R&D investments explicitly aim at generating innovations and creating knowledge. Since knowledge has certain public good properties, positive externalities are likely to exist. In this paper, we extend well-known concepts from the input-output literature (backward multipliers) to indicate at which commodities stimuli should be targeted to enhance R&D and its positive externalities in the economy as a whole. Next, we argue that there may also be negative externalities of R&D, due to increased prices. This issue can be studied by means of forward multipliers. Both concepts are applied to the United States, 1977-90.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 407-425
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024860
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024860
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:407-425




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Annual Report of the IIOA, 2001
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 427-430
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2002
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/0953531022000024879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0953531022000024879
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:427-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert E. Steenge
Author-X-Name-First: Albert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenge
Author-Name: Rachel C. Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reyes
Title: Return of the capital coefficients matrix
Abstract: 
 A core ingredient of post-disaster input–output recovery models is the reconstruction of lost production capacity. Therefore, one would expect a set of models endowed with capital coefficients matrices to be available for analysis. However, this is not the case, possibly due to earlier negative experiences with such models. Nevertheless, in this paper, we aim to show that there is a class of problems that can be addressed successfully with a dynamic input–output model with a fully functioning capital coefficients matrix. We put forward that if reconstruction is tightly planned, investment and therewith gross output essentially become pre-determined. This also means that traditional final demand becomes an endogenous residual, with the model being transformed into a distribution and allocation model. We begin with a reordering of variables and equations as proposed in Leontief’s dynamic inverse, and then move on directly to the newly proposed model. Suggestions for further work are given.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 439-450
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1731682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1731682
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:439-450




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carl-Johan H. Södersten
Author-X-Name-First: Carl-Johan H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Södersten
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Title: A supply-use approach to capital endogenization in input–output analysis
Abstract: 
 Input–output analysis currently treats capital investment as exogenous to the inter-industry system despite capital goods being used further in production processes. Previous studies have applied the Leontief calculus to include impacts of capital in footprint calculations. Here, we adopt a supply-use approach to incorporating capital into footprint calculations, by constructing capital supply-use tables (KSUTs) that enable differentiating capital goods. As the new KSUT formalism is compliant with the Supply-Use formalism in the UN's System of National Accounts, we can keep full transparency throughout the process of calculating impact multipliers. We demonstrate the usefulness of the KSUT framework in a case study of the Australian economy, with environmental extensions from the EXIOBASE3 database. If consumption-based emissions were considered for the UN's Framework Convention on Climate Change, the KSUT framework would provide a consistent and transparent foundation for working out countries’ responsibility for carbon emissions from both current use and capital investment.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 451-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1784852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1784852
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:451-475




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nino Mushkudiani
Author-X-Name-First: Nino
Author-X-Name-Last: Mushkudiani
Author-Name: Jeroen Pannekoek
Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen
Author-X-Name-Last: Pannekoek
Author-Name: Li-Chun Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Li-Chun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Uncertainty measures for economic accounts
Abstract: 
 The problem of adjusting large systems of estimated economic or social accounts such that they fulfill known functional relationships can be quite complex. For such complex systems, evaluating the accuracy of the estimates after the adjustment is difficult since these estimates are defined by unadjusted initial estimates, the accounting equations and the adjustment method. In this paper, we consider such accounting systems as a single entity and develop scalar uncertainty measures that are based on the first two moments of the joint distribution of final adjusted estimates. Scalar measures can help to effectively communicate to the users the relevant uncertainty of disseminated macro-economic accounts and can assist the producer in choosing and improving adjustment method and input estimators. The proposed approach is illustrated both analytically and by simulation. Applications to supply and use tables and to time series data are presented.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 476-501
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1792843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1792843
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesca Severini
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Severini
Author-Name: Rosita Pretaroli
Author-X-Name-First: Rosita
Author-X-Name-Last: Pretaroli
Author-Name: Claudio Socci
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Socci
Author-Name: Jacopo Zotti
Author-X-Name-First: Jacopo
Author-X-Name-Last: Zotti
Author-Name: Giancarlo Infantino
Author-X-Name-First: Giancarlo
Author-X-Name-Last: Infantino
Title: The suggested structure of final demand shock for sectoral labour digital skills
Abstract: 
 International data seem to confirm that countries with a relative abundancy of highly-skilled labour with digital competences grow faster than others. For this reason, digital competences and skills in general are progressively assuming a central role in labour market policies. In this article, we show the potential of the disaggregated multisectoral analysis with the macro multipliers approach as a tool of economic policy. Such analyses allow identifying a set of endogenous policies in which specific objectives do not clash with growth objectives. The identification and the quantification of the macro multipliers is based on an extended multi-industry, multi-factor and multi-sector model, which accounts for the representation of the income circular flow as in the social accounting matrix (SAM). The SAM constructed for this exercise allows for a proper disaggregation of the labour factor by formal educational attainment, digital competences and gender for the case of Italy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 502-520
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1726296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1726296
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio Gustavo Fournier Gabela
Author-X-Name-First: Julio Gustavo
Author-X-Name-Last: Fournier Gabela
Title: On the accuracy of gravity-RAS approaches used for inter-regional trade estimation: evidence using the 2005 inter-regional input–output table of Japan
Abstract: 
 In contrast to international trade, it is still difficult to find regional trade statistics within a nation. Given that the gravity model continues to be very popular, we test two gravity-RAS approaches used for interregional trade estimation: a standard one and an extended version, which additionally estimates intra-regional flows. We assess the accuracy with the help of two measures and for different sectoral aggregation levels. For that, we use the survey-based 2005 interregional input–output table of Japan as a benchmark. Results show high overall accuracy levels for the standard approach, better than when using international data, albeit with heterogeneous errors for sectors and regions. We further find that the results of a multiregional input-output model are highly sensitive to the trade estimation approach and that errors slightly increase for increasing sectoral disaggregation levels. Results from an experiment based on a random number generator show how RAS influences results.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 521-539
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1753662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1753662
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hao Xiao
Author-X-Name-First: Hao
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao
Author-Name: Bo Meng
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Meng
Author-Name: Jiabai Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Jiabai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Shantong Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shantong
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Are global value chains truly global?
Abstract: 
 Are global value chains (GVCs) truly global or are they more of a regional phenomenon? We provide a new perspective on this issue using network analysis based on the measure of trade in value added. We first show that GVC activities can be consistently identified and grouped into three types of networks, i.e. traditional, simple, and complex trade networks, according to the number of times that factor contents cross national borders in global production sharing. Further investigation on the changes in topology and structure of various networks reveals that, GVCs are more likely organized regionally and dominated by large countries, like the US, China, and Germany. However, at the sector level, what GVCs look like largely depends on the perspective (supply or demand) and the type of networks adopted. This can help better understand the possible structural change of GVCs brought by the US–China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 540-564
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1783643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1783643
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:540-564




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eduardo A. Haddad
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad
Author-Name: Fatima Ezzahra Mengoub
Author-X-Name-First: Fatima Ezzahra
Author-X-Name-Last: Mengoub
Author-Name: Vinicius A. Vale
Author-X-Name-First: Vinicius A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vale
Title: Water content in trade: a regional analysis for Morocco
Abstract: 
 This paper aims at evaluating the virtual water content in trade in an intra-country perspective and discussing potential tradeoffs between the use of natural resources and value added creation. We develop a trade-based index that reveals the relative water use intensities associated with specific interregional and international trade flows. The index is calculated considering the measures of water and value added embedded in trade flows associated with each regional origin-destination pair using an interregional input-output matrix for Morocco together with information on sectorial water use. We add to the literature on virtual water by encompassing the subnational perspective in a country that shows a clear ‘climate divide’. Furthermore, we contribute to the literature by proposing an index that may be applied to different economies to evaluate multidimensional trade-offs associated with the pressure of specific economic flows to the use of natural resources relative to its economic relevance.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 565-584
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1756228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1756228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:565-584




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Retraction: Tracing Knowledge Flows in Innovation Systems—an Informetric Perspective on Future Research Science-based Innovation
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 585-585
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1804704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1804704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:585-585




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lei Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Zhenhua Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Are CGE models reliable for disaster impact analyses?
Abstract: 
 This study investigates a fundamental issue of computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling: are CGE models reliable for measuring the economic consequence analysis of disasters? We assess the outputs of CGE analyses after controlling for various modeling factors such as data, type of model, and modeling mechanisms via a meta-analysis of 253 CGE simulations in 57 empirical studies. Our study arrives at three major findings. First, we confirm that resilience significantly reduces business disruptions from disasters. Second, results using either real-world or hypothetical data tend to vary substantially by hazard type. Third, results are quite sensitive to model assumptions and modeling structure. Overall, we suggest that future impact assessments of disasters should be conducted more cautiously in terms of adopting appropriate data, models, and shock scenarios, in order to improve the validity of CGE modeling outcomes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 20-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1780566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1780566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:20-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pablo Moya-Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Moya-Martínez
Author-Name: Fernando Bermejo
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Bermejo
Author-Name: Raúl del Pozo-Rubio
Author-X-Name-First: Raúl
Author-X-Name-Last: del Pozo-Rubio
Title: Hard times for long-term care systems? Spillover effects on the Spanish economy
Abstract: 
 Since the end of the last century, demographic aging has led to an increased demand for new social protection services. Universalizing these to meet the needs of the most vulnerable requires the design of policies that ensure the sustainability of the system. Consequently, the economic structure of a country and its productive fabric are affected. Assessing the impact of this growing demand is not an easy task, although extended input-output models can help. With this aim, we determine the spillover effects of the demand shocks arising from the increase in public spending allocated for the implementation of the Spanish long-term care system. The results reveal that such spending proves efficient in sustaining 116,000 jobs, most of which are in social work activities, entailing a large amount of direct but low-skilled employment. In addition, 5,000 million euros are generated in value added, including a fiscal return of 1,400 million euros.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1752627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1752627
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:1-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuwan Duan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Author-Name: Ting Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Ting
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Author-Name: Dongzhou Mei
Author-X-Name-First: Dongzhou
Author-X-Name-Last: Mei
Title: Tariff costs embodied in product prices: a dynamic analysis from global value chain perspective
Abstract: 
 The present study examines a measure, the embodied tariff, which is defined as the sum of all tariffs imposed on intermediate inputs at various stages of productions. It captures the total tariff costs in products in the context of the global value chain. We estimate the embodied tariff for 44 economies and 56 sectors, decompose it by tariff source, and also decompose its temporal changes using structural decomposition analysis. The embodied tariff is more than twice the size of the traditional direct input tariff, indicating a non-negligible value chain effect. This demonstrates an overall declining pattern over time, which reflects a dominating effect of decreasing customs tariffs over increasing international production fragmentation. Since 2011, however, the decline in international production fragmentation has also decreased embodied tariffs. A country’s customs tariff is sizably translated into the embodied tariff of its own products, creating a competitive disadvantage for domestic producers.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 88-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1769562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1769562
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:88-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fidel Aroche Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Fidel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aroche Reyes
Title: On growth regimes, structural change and input coefficients
Abstract: 
 The Input-Output model assumes that the technical coefficient matrix changes as an economic system develops, following either of two tendencies; one, the entries of the matrix shrink, due to increased efficiency on the production lines; two, they expand, while productivity gains concentrate in the use of factors. Further, the economic structure grows more complex, as industries become more tightly (vertically) integrated and the development process evolves. Both phenomena have seldom been analysed together, despite the apparent connections they may have with the evolution of economic structures and the development opportunities countries may face. This paper intends to examine the implications of these tendencies for the evolution of economic systems in regards to the dynamics the growth process may adopt. Two indicators are presented here useful to characterise such dynamics, later tested on the Mexican IO data.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 114-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1730769
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1730769
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:114-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grant J Allan
Author-X-Name-First: Grant J
Author-X-Name-Last: Allan
Author-Name: Kevin Connolly
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Connolly
Author-Name: Stuart G McIntyre
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart G
Author-X-Name-Last: McIntyre
Title: Developing an electricity satellite account (ELSA): an application to Scotland, UK
Abstract: 
 Within the system of national accounts the electricity sector is typically reported as a single entry representing generation, transmission, distribution and trade. The ways in which these components interact with the economy differ greatly, a feature lost within the standard accounting framework. In this paper we propose an Electricity Satellite Account (ELSA) approach to better understand the linkages between the electricity sector and economy, with a particular focus on generation technologies. In developing this framework, we draw parallels with Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs). To illustrate the practical steps in constructing ELSAs, we develop an ELSA for Scotland for 2012, and show how the ELSA framework gives an improved understanding of the economic contribution of the electricity sector, which is critical in improving the usefulness of such accounts for climate, energy, and economic policy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 47-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1754166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1754166
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sébastien Miroudot
Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Miroudot
Author-Name: Ming Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Title: Decomposing value added in gross exports
Abstract: 
 Several papers using intercountry IO tables have developed frameworks to decompose value added in gross exports and to remove potential double-counting in intermediate inputs. But these papers rely on different definitions for the domestic value added, foreign value added and double-counting terms, depending in particular on the perspective from which gross exports are decomposed (world level, country level or bilateral level). At this stage, it is very difficult for any user of value-added trade statistics to know what is calculated and which type of decomposition should be used. In this paper, we provide a general framework that relies on extraction matrices to unambiguously and consistently define domestic and foreign value-added terms in the world, country and bilateral perspective. This framework allows us to classify existing decompositions based on the perspective taken and their definition of double-counting. We also indicate the most relevant decompositions for different types of trade analysis.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 67-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1730308
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1730308
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: José Francisco Cubells
Author-X-Name-First: José Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Cubells
Author-Name: Maria C. Latorre
Author-X-Name-First: Maria C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Latorre
Title: Brexit deal done! A detailed micro- and macroeconomic analysis of its fallout
Abstract: 
 We offer a rich set of macroeconomic and sectoral effects of Brexit in France, together with macroeconomic ones for the UK, the rest of the EU and the rest of the world. We explain the intuition for the impact on production and trade across the 21 sectors that underlie our macroeconomic estimations (national imports and exports, output, GDP, welfare, wages and rental rate of capital). Our comprehensive technique captures the direct and indirect effects of Brexit on trade. Four types of withdrawal are analysed, including the finally agreed between the EU and the UK on December 2020. This will avoid tariffs, but other medium size (non-tariff) barriers will emerge. The UK, France and the rest of the EU will be harmed by Brexit, although asymmetrically. While Brexit will substantially harm the UK economy, the negative impact on France and the rest of the EU will be limited and similar.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 171-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Manuel Valderas-Jaramillo
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Valderas-Jaramillo
Author-Name: José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rueda-Cantuche
Author-Name: Joerg Beutel
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Beutel
Title: The Euro and SUT-RAS methods: some further considerations
Abstract: 
 The main objective of this paper is to revisit the Euro method in a critical and constructive way. We have analysed some arguments against the Euro method published recently in the literature as well as some other relevant aspects of the SUT-Euro and SUT-RAS methods not covered before. Although not being the Euro method perfect, we believe that there is still space for the use of the Euro method in updating/regionalizing Supply and Use tables.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 276-286
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umed Temursho
Author-X-Name-First: Umed
Author-X-Name-Last: Temursho
Title: On the Euro method
Abstract: 
 This paper critically examines the Euro method usage for the purposes of updating supply and use tables (SUTs) and/or input–output tables. Its known restricted applicability to only unnecessarily aggregated and symmetric SUTs (and not their underlying rectangular versions) is already an issue of concern. However, by studying analytically the nature of Euro's adjustments of the SUT elements and empirically assessing some of its underlying assumptions, including newly revealed ones, it is concluded that the Euro method is a largely ad hoc updating procedure. Its recently claimed superiority over the generalized RAS approach (GRAS, or SUT-RAS) in the absence of industry output is challenged. It is shown that applying the standard GRAS with exogenously given estimates of industry outputs under such restricted data-availability environment still outperforms the Euro method.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 250-275
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1772727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1772727
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clio Ciaschini
Author-X-Name-First: Clio
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciaschini
Author-Name: Francesco Maria Chelli
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Chelli
Title: Evaluating the impact of violence against women in the macroeconomic Input–Output framework
Abstract: 
 Violence against women and girls (VAW&G) has progressively become an emergency issue in many European countries and a relevant topic of public discussion. In this paper, we attempt to insert this theme within a model for macroeconomic policy design and evaluation. Special attention is devoted to the assessment of distortions in the allocation of public expenditure generated by VAW&G, in terms of gains and losses in aggregate total output. We adopt a macroeconomic input–output approach by adding to the framework an industry that produces care services to victims of VAW&G. The resulting model is integrated with the public expenditure reallocations that emerge as a result of the progressive elimination of violence. It is, thus, a simulation tool for determining total output gains or losses that emerge from the reallocation of public expenditures as VAW&G fades.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 214-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1790505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1790505
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei-Hong Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Wei-Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Author-Name: Hui-Chih Chai
Author-X-Name-First: Hui-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Chai
Author-Name: Y.-H. Henry Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Y.-H. Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: John M. Reilly
Author-X-Name-First: John M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reilly
Author-Name: Sergey Paltsev
Author-X-Name-First: Sergey
Author-X-Name-Last: Paltsev
Title: Will using newer input–output data for general equilibrium modeling provide a better estimate for the CO2 mitigation cost?
Abstract: 
 We provide a critical evaluation about how updating the input–output data of a computable generation equilibrium model can affect policy results, an assessment that is rarely done in existing literature. Specifically, we explore how datasets with different fossil energy cost shares alter results of policy simulations that aim at reducing CO2 emissions. We prove analytically that a sudden fossil fuel price surge, which provides little time for adjustment through input substitution, can lead to a higher CO2 mitigation cost. The finding is demonstrated empirically in a full-scale economy-wide model for a base year with lower fossil fuel prices, contrasted with results from a base year when fossil fuel prices spiked. We then propose an adjustment to resolve the issues of using input–output data that embed abrupt fossil fuel price hikes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 157-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1784098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1784098
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfredo J. Mainar-Causapé
Author-X-Name-First: Alfredo J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mainar-Causapé
Author-Name: George Philippidis
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Philippidis
Author-Name: Ana I. Sanjuán-López
Author-X-Name-First: Ana I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanjuán-López
Title: Constructing an open access economy-wide database for bioeconomy impact assessment in the European Union member states
Abstract: 
 The bioeconomy encompasses the extraction, processing and transformation of renewable biological resources and waste streams, connected to activities as diverse as food, feed, energy and manufacturing. Under the auspices of the European Union’s ‘Green Deal' strategy, this broad collective of sectors is promoted as a cornerstone for achieving sustainable growth. Progress in developing ex-ante tools of economy-wide modelling analysis to assess its performance is, however, hindered by a paucity of consistent and comprehensive data. To overcome this shortcoming, the construction steps for a new set of open access social accounting matrices (dubbed ‘BioSAMs’) is described for a detailed and comprehensive selection of traditional and contemporary bio-based accounts for each of the EU member states. To illustrate its potential, a structural analysis based on three different and complementary methods (Rasmussen-Jones, hypothetical extraction method and eigenvector) is performed to classify bio-based sector wealth generating properties and to identify high performance (‘key') sectors.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 133-156
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1785848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1785848
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terciane Sabadini Carvalho
Author-X-Name-First: Terciane Sabadini
Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho
Author-Name: Flaviane Souza Santiago
Author-X-Name-First: Flaviane Souza
Author-X-Name-Last: Santiago
Author-Name: Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Salgueiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Perobelli
Title: Demographic change in Brazil and its impacts on CO2 emissions
Abstract: 
 In recent years, the debate about demographic changes and its impacts on the economy has increased. The growth in the relative share of elderly people in the age pyramid may occur in the coming decades in many parts of the world, and their effects on the composition of consumption, notably on energy demand and emissions, are not yet known. This article estimates the changes in the pattern of consumption in Brazil due to the changes projected in the age pyramid in 2050 and the consequences of these changes on CO2 emissions. For this, projections will be made using an input–output model for the Brazilian economy for the year 2010 considering 67 productive sectors and six age groups. The results suggest that emissions grow less than proportionally to population growth and that the participation of sectors such as fuels and transport shows a small decrease in the consumption vector for 2050.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 197-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1783210
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1783210
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhenguo Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenguo
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yabin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yabin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Meng Niu
Author-X-Name-First: Meng
Author-X-Name-Last: Niu
Author-Name: Zijie Fan
Author-X-Name-First: Zijie
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan
Title: How important is domestic and foreign demand for China’s income growth by business function?
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the contribution of domestic and foreign demand to China’s income growth by business function. To this end, we extend a single country input–output approach to a global multi-country setting, and further redefine the measure via forward linkages. We also propose chaining structural decomposition analysis to identify the role of domestic and foreign demand in functional income changes over 1999–2011. Using the World Input–Output Database combined with Labor Occupations Database, we distinguish functional activities in production, management, marketing and R&D. This enables us to find that domestic and foreign final demands, especially the former, jointly lead to China’s income growth by business function. Dynamically, the generally upward trends in China’s income hold in the aggregate as well as by industry and business function. We also find that China’s income growth is quite heterogeneous across industries and business functions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 316-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1792417
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1792417
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Llano
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Llano
Author-Name: Julián Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Julián
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez
Author-Name: Fatima El Khatabi
Author-X-Name-First: Fatima
Author-X-Name-Last: El Khatabi
Author-Name: Federico Steinberg
Author-X-Name-First: Federico
Author-X-Name-Last: Steinberg
Title: Weaponized trade policy: the impact of US tariffs on the European automobile sector
Abstract: 
 With trade tensions running high, the Trump Administration is considering new tariffs on imported automobiles, and the main target would be the European Union, traditionally America’s closest ally. In this paper we combine disaggregated models to estimate the impact of these tariffs worldwide, and especially on Spain. First, a trade-policy simulation model computes the potential effects worldwide. Then we plug these into the World Input–Output Database, obtaining the inter-sectoral effects of the tariffs on Europe and the rest of the world. Finally, we insert these results into the Spanish inter-regional Input–Output Tables, obtaining final effects for Spanish regions via their inter-sectoral relations with the European Union and the rest of the world. By our calculation, the new US auto tariffs could end up destroying 10,400 jobs in Spain alone and 567,000 jobs worldwide. Moreover, they might have unexpected consequences, affecting, Spanish regions and sectors that just indirectly depend on the automobile industry.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 287-315
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1804330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1804330
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Łukasz Lach
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Lach
Title: On the plausibility of using linear programming to trace important input–output coefficients in the framework of tolerable limits
Abstract: 
 Recent input–output (IO) literature offers original proposals on using linear programming (LP) to make ‘tolerable limits’ approach suitable for measuring the importance of IO coefficients to an economy. In this paper, I focus on one of such influential proposals presented in Tarancón et al. [(2008). A revision of the tolerable limits approach: searching for the important coefficients. Economic Systems Research, 20, 75–95]. In the theoretical part of this paper, I provide exact analytical solutions to the LP problems formulated in Tarancón et al. The main result proves that the classification of IO coefficients with respect to their importance in the sense of the LP-based indicators of Tarancón et al. does not depend on the benchmark welfare measure of interest. This fact, in turn, severely reduces practical applicability of the discussed LP-based approach to tracing important IO coefficients.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 417-426
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masako Tsujimura
Author-X-Name-First: Masako
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura
Author-Name: Kazusuke Tsujimura
Author-X-Name-First: Kazusuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsujimura
Title: Flow-of-funds structure of the U.S. economy 2001–2018
Abstract: 
 Great inventions and substantial productivity growth of the Roaring Twenties brought unprecedented prosperity to the United States. After Black Thursday in the fall of 1929 however, the U.S. economic landscape changed dramatically. To ensure that the bitter experience of the Great Depression does not recur, Wesley Mitchell and Morris Copeland, the architects of flow-of-funds analysis, urged a better understanding of the circulation of funds, the means of payment. The new century has so far brought us many technological innovations and new ways of doing business. The objective of the paper is to find out if and how well the funds have been flowing in the U.S. economy over the past two decades, using the flow-of-funds matrix (payer-payee matrix) proposed by Tsujimura and Tsujimura ([2018]. A flow of funds analysis of the U.S. quantitative easing. Economic Systems Research, 30(2), 137–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2018.1443908). The industrial revolution of the new century does not seem to have enough momentum circulating funds, the lifeblood of the economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 385-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1795629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1795629
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan F. Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Juan F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Jennifer F. Helgeson
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Helgeson
Author-Name: David H. Webb
Author-X-Name-First: David H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb
Author-Name: Cheyney M. O'Fallon
Author-X-Name-First: Cheyney M.
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Fallon
Author-Name: Harvey Cutler
Author-X-Name-First: Harvey
Author-X-Name-Last: Cutler
Title: Does resilience yield dividends? Co-benefits of investing in increased resilience in Cedar Rapids
Abstract: 
 Cedar Rapids, IA, offers a unique case study in planning for increased resilience. In 2008, Cedar Rapids experienced severe flooding. Rather than simply rebuilding, the city of Cedar Rapids began to invest in a resilient flood control system and in the revitalization of its Downtown neighborhood. This paper develops a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for the regional economy of Cedar Rapids to quantify ‘resilience dividends’: net co-benefits of investing in increased resilience. A resilience dividend includes benefits to the community even if another disaster does not occur. We build a CGE model of Cedar Rapids at two different time periods: one in 2007, before the flooding, and one in 2015, after the flooding and initial investment in resilience. We show that a positive economic shock to the economy results in larger co-benefits for key economic indicators in 2015 than in 2007. Our approach illustrates how co-benefits are distributed throughout the economy.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 336-362
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1798359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1798359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilfried Parys
Author-X-Name-First: Wilfried
Author-X-Name-Last: Parys
Title: David Hawkins and the making of the Hawkins-Simon conditions
Abstract: 
 The Hawkins-Simon conditions, which are necessary and sufficient for the viability of input–output systems, are described in many encyclopedias, textbooks and papers, but always without historical details about the philosopher David Hawkins. The rich literature on the history of input–output economics has neglected Hawkins, probably because he spent only a few years among the economists. My paper fills this gap. By using the relevant archival material on Hawkins, Simon, and Leontief, I correct and expand some scarce remarks on Hawkins by Simon and Samuelson. I discuss Hawkins’s three remarkable contributions to economics. First, Hawkins’s dynamic input–output model in Econometrica in 1948 scooped Leontief. Second, I show how the correspondence between Hawkins and Simon created their famous joint note in Econometrica in 1949. Third, an overlooked chapter in Hawkins’s 1964 book The Language of Nature discussed the commodity values of commodities, generalizing Marx’s labour values and the Technocrats's energy values.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 363-384
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1794799
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1794799
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:3:p:363-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: A GRAS variant solving for minimum information loss: An erratum
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 427-427
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1897780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1897780
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bartlomiej Rokicki
Author-X-Name-First: Bartlomiej
Author-X-Name-Last: Rokicki
Author-Name: Oliver Fritz
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritz
Author-Name: Jonathan M. Horridge
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horridge
Author-Name: Geoffrey J. D. Hewings
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey J. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewings
Title: Survey-based versus algorithm-based multi-regional input–output tables within the CGE framework – the case of Austria
Abstract: 
 Spatial CGE models rely on detailed multiregional input–output (MRIO) tables. This paper compares two different approaches to compiling MRIO tables for Austria – an algorithm-based approach that regionalizes national input–output tables (IOT) and generates trade estimates using a predefined set of regional variables (i.e. Horridge’s algorithm), and a hybrid approach that uses as much regional and interregional data as possible. We investigate whether we observe differences in CGE simulation results that use them. Results from an aggregate simulation are surprisingly similar. So the algorithmic approach is, in fact, effective in making an MRIO from a national IOT. But noticeable differences appear at the sectoral level. They seem mainly due to differences in calibration rather than in regionalization.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 470-491
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1839385
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1839385
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jorge A. Garcia-Hernandez
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia-Hernandez
Author-Name: Roy Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Title: A multiregional input–output optimization model to assess impacts of water supply disruptions under climate change on the Great Lakes economy
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a water-restricted multi-regional input–output model to evaluate the economic impacts of water supply reductions in the Canadian Great Lakes Basin (GLB), one of the largest freshwater reservoirs in the world. The proposed model, first of its kind applied to the GLB, aims to minimize the impact of water supply disruptions on the GLB-economy, measured by the loss of GDP. A new flexible economic optimization procedure is introduced, capable of imposing resource constraints and ensuring minimal supply levels for intermediate and final consumption at the same time. The model accounts for inter-regional trade between different lake regions. The impacts of two climate change scenarios on water security and the economy are investigated, with and without additional food and energy security restrictions. The proposed economic optimization model holds promise as a new tool for resource-restricted Input–Output analyses.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 509-535
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1805414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1805414
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:509-535




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Emonts-Holley
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Emonts-Holley
Author-Name: Andrew Ross
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross
Author-Name: Kim Swales
Author-X-Name-First: Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Swales
Title: Estimating induced effects in IO impact analysis: variation in the methods for calculating the Type II Leontief multipliers
Abstract: 
 Type II input–output (IO) multipliers are frequently used for impact analysis. Unfortunately, there is no standard way to calculate these. The fundamental issue is that these multiplier methods endogenise household consumption but all have drawbacks because the IO accounts are missing key information required to consistently link household income and consumption to domestic economic activity. Using compatible regional and national data sets, we evaluate the values for various IO Type II multipliers to a benchmark value calculated with the aid of social accounting matrix data. The results suggest that the variation in Type II IO multiplier values generated by these alternative methods is an empirically non-trivial issue.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 429-445
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1837741
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1837741
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristian Mardones
Author-X-Name-First: Cristian
Author-X-Name-Last: Mardones
Author-Name: Claudio Brevis
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Brevis
Title: Constructing a SAMEA to analyze energy and environmental policies in Chile
Abstract: 
 In this study, a social accounting matrix with environmental accounts (SAMEA) for Chile is built based on the 2016 input-output tables, socioeconomic household survey, expenditure survey, among other information sources. The SAMEA has high disaggregation of the electricity sector that is not currently available in national accounts. Complementary information on the operating costs of different electricity subsectors (thermoelectric, solar, wind, hydro, and biomass) from national and international studies are obtained. Then, intersectoral indicators, accounting multipliers, and simulations of shocks (subsidy on the non-conventional renewable energy subsectors and environmental taxes) are calculated. The main findings of the study show that each electricity subsector has different production technology and emission intensity. In consequence, energy and environmental policies simulated with intersectoral models that do not disaggregate the electricity sector would produce significant biases in the results.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 576-602
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1839386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1839386
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Bonfiglio
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonfiglio
Author-Name: Silvia Coderoni
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Coderoni
Author-Name: Roberto Esposti
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Esposti
Author-Name: Edoardo Baldoni
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Baldoni
Title: The role of rurality in determining the economy-wide impacts of a natural disaster
Abstract: 
 Rural areas may be highly vulnerable to natural disasters because of their lower economic diversification and a higher incidence of sectors that may suffer from a larger impact produced by these adverse events. In addition, because of their trade dependence, local effects can be transmitted to neighbouring regions more diffusely so amplifying total impacts. This paper aims to quantify the economy-wide impacts generated by the earthquake sequence that mostly hit a markedly rural area of Central Italy in 2016–2017. To this purpose, a non-linear programming model based on a multi-regional IO table with a mixed territorial scale is adopted. Results indicate that some negative effects are transmitted outside the seismic area and a few positive effects are also produced. Moreover, they confirm that rural areas are more vulnerable to disasters and that the effects of disasters in these areas are more likely to be transmitted to the neighbouring space.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 446-469
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1814206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1814206
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: José Firmino de Sousa Filho
Author-X-Name-First: José Firmino de
Author-X-Name-Last: Sousa Filho
Author-Name: Gervásio Ferreira dos Santos
Author-X-Name-First: Gervásio Ferreira dos
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos
Author-Name: Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro
Author-X-Name-First: Luiz Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: de Santana Ribeiro
Title: Structural changes in the Brazilian economy 1990–2015
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the structural changes in the Brazilian economy from 1990 to 2015 by applying structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The production structure of emerging economies is an important field of research because it enables the assessment of sectoral policies and technological progress to support sustained economic growth in the long-term. The investigation described here was conducted using input–output matrices for a short and long-term analysis which enabled us to verify the importance of twelve aggregate sectors regarding changes in production, final demand and technological coefficients. This topic could be used for such analyses in any other country. The results indicate that the production structure of Brazilian economy remains fragile and dependent on demand shocks for its growth. Furthermore, manufacturing industry remains the major sector capable of promoting structural changes in production.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 555-575
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1802234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1802234
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ángela García-Alaminos
Author-X-Name-First: Ángela
Author-X-Name-Last: García-Alaminos
Author-Name: Mateo Ortiz
Author-X-Name-First: Mateo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz
Author-Name: Guadalupe Arce
Author-X-Name-First: Guadalupe
Author-X-Name-Last: Arce
Author-Name: Jorge Zafrilla
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge
Author-X-Name-Last: Zafrilla
Title: Reassembling social defragmented responsibilities: the indecent labour footprint of US multinationals overseas
Abstract: 
 Multinational corporations (MNEs) have been at the forefront of the geographical disintegration of production chains in search of lower salaries, among other reasons, which led to a global race to the bottom in labour standards. Therefore, significant amounts of indecent work are currently embodied in MNEs’ global value chains, compromising not only the brands’ corporative image but also the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this work, we shed light on this matter by estimating the indecent-work-conditions related impacts linked to the foreign activities of MNEs from the United States. Using a socially extended MRIO model that integrates three social indicators (forced labour, fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries), we found that these activities show increasing trends between 2009 and 2013 on indecent labour, contributing with 1.1%–1.3% of the global cases. United States affiliates located in India, China and Brazil, show the highest ratios per unit of value-added.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 536-554
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1827224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1827224
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Llop
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Llop
Title: Defining prices in an inter-regional SAM system
Abstract: 
 The literature of inter-regional social accounting matrices (SAM) focuses on quantity-oriented models that determine the transmission of income impacts. This paper develops a price version to identify the channels of price transmission at the inter-regional (or inter-country) level. The method proposed divides the total multiplier effects into intra-regional price multipliers (i.e. the cost impacts within a region), open loop inter-regional price multipliers (i.e. the cost impacts from one region on another by quantifying all the within-region impacts), and closed loop inter-regional price multipliers (i.e. the circular cost impacts transiting through the accounts in the other region and returning to the starting region). In addition, the intra-regional multipliers are divided into the intra-account, the inter-account and the cross-account (circular) effects. The empirical application, which uses a bi-regional SAM that distinguishes the United States (USA) and China (CHN), highlights the importance of the within-region interdependences for explaining price impacts.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 492-508
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1804331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1804331
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Óscar Dejuán
Author-X-Name-First: Óscar
Author-X-Name-Last: Dejuán
Author-Name: Ferran Portella-Carbó
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran
Author-X-Name-Last: Portella-Carbó
Author-Name: Mateo Ortiz
Author-X-Name-First: Mateo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz
Title: Economic and environmental impacts of decarbonisation through a hybrid MRIO multiplier-accelerator model
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the impacts of decarbonisation in three energy-intensive sectors/institutions (electricity generation, road transport, and household consumption) on four economic and environmental variables (value added, employment, energy consumption, and emissions). In our basic scenario, the EU is supposed to complete the decarbonisation of the selected sectors in 30 years, whereas in the rest of the world these sectors will be 30% decarbonised. We hypothesise that emissions and employment will fall once renewable sources of energy replace fossil fuels. Yet, in the meanwhile, massive investments are needed to build the required infrastructure. To compute the full impact, we apply a multiplier-accelerator model to a global multiregional hybrid input–output table derived from EXIOBASE3. In the EU, such a decarbonisation reduces yearly energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and employment by 22%, 19%, and 4%, respectively. Thus, additional measures are necessary to avoid global warming and absorb unemployment.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1848808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1848808
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana-Isabel Guerra
Author-X-Name-First: Ana-Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra
Author-Name: Laura Varela-Candamio
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Varela-Candamio
Author-Name: Jesús López-Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Jesús
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Rodríguez
Title: Tax reforms in Spain: efficiency levels and distributional patterns
Abstract: 
 This paper approximates the efficiency levels of the most relevant tax categories and their distributional patterns for a European country considering Spain as an illustrative example. This is done computing the ‘marginal’ excess burden of these taxes, taking into account the structure of the Spanish tax system before and after the major tax reforms undertaken since 2010. In doing so we use a static applied general equilibrium model, which features heterogeneous households classified according to their taxable income. In addition, and in identical terms, another alternative tax reform is evaluated: a flat value-added tax system and a reduction in employers’ social security contributions. Our results indicate that the alternative tax reform would have slightly improved the degree of efficiency of these taxes while implying a lower negative impact on aggregate income. Regarding distributive effects, we do not find significant differences between the actual and the alternative tax policies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 41-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1848806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1848806
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabina Szymczak
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina
Author-X-Name-Last: Szymczak
Author-Name: Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolszczak-Derlacz
Title: Global value chains and labour markets – simultaneous analysis of wages and employment
Abstract: 
 This study examines the overall effect of global value chains (GVCs) on wages and labour demand. It exploits the World Input–Output Database to measure GVC involvement via recently developed participation indices (using both backward and forward linkages) and the relative GVC position using three-stage least squares regression. We find that the relative GVC position is negatively correlated with wages and employment and that the GVC participation effect depends on whether backward or forward linkages are considered. Moreover, we find heterogeneity across both countries (middle- vs high-income) and sectors (manufacturing versus services). Notably, the effect of GVC involvement on the labour market differs from that produced by traditional domestic trade.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 69-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1982678
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1982678
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ignacio Cazcarro
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazcarro
Author-Name: Antonio F. Amores
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amores
Author-Name: Inaki Arto
Author-X-Name-First: Inaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Arto
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena
Title: Linking multisectoral economic models and consumption surveys for the European Union
Abstract: 
 Multisectoral models usually have a single representative household. However, more diversity of household types is needed to analyse the effects of multiple phenomena (i.e. ageing, gender inequality, distributional income impact, etc.). Household consumption surveys’ microdata is a rich data source for these types of analysis. However, feeding multisectoral models with this type of information is not simple and recent studies show how even slightly inaccurate procedures might result in significantly biased results. This paper presents the full procedure for feeding household consumption microdata into macroeconomic models and for the first time provides in a systematic way an estimation of the bridge matrices needed to link European Union Household Budget Surveys’ microdata with the most popular multi-regional input–output frameworks (e.g. Eurostat, WIOD, EORA, OECD).
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 22-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1856044
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1856044
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radomír Mach
Author-X-Name-First: Radomír
Author-X-Name-Last: Mach
Author-Name: Milan Ščasný
Author-X-Name-First: Milan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ščasný
Author-Name: Jan Weinzettel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinzettel
Title: The role of allocation of retail trade margins across household segments on their carbon footprint calculation
Abstract: 
 The homogeneity assumption, inherent to input–output (IO) analysis, implies that every euro spent within one product group is assigned the same environmental burden. We address this assumption applied to price conversion of household expenditures from purchasers’ to basic prices when the carbon footprint of consumption is calculated for specific household segments by linking the IO table and micro-level household consumption data. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the different allocations of the retail trade margin of two consumption groups (Food and Goods) across household expenditure deciles. While a differently allocated retail trade margin influences the carbon footprint of household segments, it does not challenge the general finding that households with higher expenditures are responsible for higher footprints. This finding holds also for different emission intensities of retail trade margins.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 97-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1855418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1855418
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shohei Tokito
Author-X-Name-First: Shohei
Author-X-Name-Last: Tokito
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa
Author-Name: Tesshu Hanaka
Author-X-Name-First: Tesshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanaka
Title: Hypothetical extraction, betweenness centrality, and supply chain complexity
Abstract: 
 Two frameworks, hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis, can be used to identify environmentally important sectors in complex supply chains. This study derives an analytic expression for the relationship between hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis. Second, using the Eora and WIOD, this study analyzes the degree of difference in ‘important’ sectors identified by hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis. While the results obtained by rank correlation yield similarities, both methods have advantages. This study demonstrates that estimating betweenness centrality is meaningful and less computationally expensive, and can help us to understand the structural positions in the global supply chain network. The hypothetical extraction indicators can be easily computed using the betweenness centrality indicators’ mathematical relationship. We conclude that the implementation of effective CO2-reduction polices through greener global supply chain engagement center around two key sectors, chemical and metal products from China, and their higher betweenness centrality should be strengthened.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 111-128
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1848807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1848807
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tesshu Hanaka
Author-X-Name-First: Tesshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanaka
Author-Name: Keiichiro Kanemoto
Author-X-Name-First: Keiichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanemoto
Author-Name: Shigemi Kagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Shigemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagawa
Title: Multi-perspective structural analysis of supply chain networks
Abstract: 
 Determining the structural positions and characteristics of multi-role sectors is critical for understanding supply chain networks. Thus, in this study, we developed an attribution analysis framework to assess the structure of sectors with multiple roles in a supply chain. Subsequently, we applied the framework in a case study, where the top-ranking Japanese sectors were identified for production-oriented, betweenness-oriented, and consumption-oriented carbon dioxide emission scores. Additionally, these attribution indicators were utilized to identify/visualize the structural positions of sectors. Using company-level data, we also evaluated the structural positions of Japanese companies in relation to their carbon disclosure project (CDP) reporting practices. The results demonstrate that a company's role in the supply chain is unlikely to be related to CDP reporting.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 199-214
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernhard Michel
Author-X-Name-First: Bernhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Michel
Author-Name: Caroline Hambÿe
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Hambÿe
Title: Export-sustained employment: accounting for exporter-heterogeneity in input–output tables
Abstract: 
 Exports matter for domestic employment in both export-producing firms and upstream suppliers. Their total effect can be captured through an input–output-based indicator of export-sustained employment. However, as industry classifications used in regular input–output tables are based on product similarity, they fail to account for within-industry technological heterogeneity between exporters and other firms, which may lead to a bias in results for export-sustained employment. In this paper, we describe the breakdown of manufacturing industries into export-oriented and domestic-oriented firms in Belgian input–output tables and employment data based on detailed firm-level data for industry totals and input–output structures. Based on the resulting export-heterogeneous tables, we find that 585,000 jobs or 13% of economy-wide employment in Belgium is sustained by manufacturing exports. This is overestimated by 4% with regular tables. Moreover, we identify who contributes to and who gains from exports for groups of firms rather than aggregated industries.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 215-233
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:34:y:2022:i:2:p:215-233



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudia V. Montanía
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Montanía
Author-Name: Sandy Dall’erba
Author-X-Name-First: Sandy
Author-X-Name-Last: Dall’erba
Title: Multi-dynamic interregional input-output shift-share: model, theory and application
Abstract: 
 Shift-share decomposition has been extensively used to identify the key drivers of sectoral and regional economic growth. Traditionally, shift-share does not pay attention to any form of interregional externalities and the rare exceptions define them based on geographical proximity only. However, given the increasing role of global value chains in economic growth, this paper introduces the Multi-dynamic interregional input-output shift-share decomposition in order to capture the dynamic intersectoral relationships between a spatial unit and any other unit it trades with. The methodology is illustrated on 35 productive sectors of 15 European Union countries over 1995–2006. The results show that the most important driver of output growth in these countries are their sectoral linkages with other European countries, followed by the domestic sectoral linkages.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 234-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio Sánchez Chóliz
Author-X-Name-First: Julio
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Chóliz
Author-Name: Rosa Duarte
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte
Author-Name: Sofía Jiménez
Author-X-Name-First: Sofía
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez
Title: Structural components of income growth: an application to the evolution of the Spanish economy, 1980–2014
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the structural and technical changes in Spain since the 1980s, using annual input–output tables. Specifically, a differential structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is applied to shifts in value-added, revealing eight different components and allowing the estimation of the impacts of technical change on the process of economic transformation on a sector-by-sector basis. We conclude that growth in the Spanish economy in recent decades was a mix of technological modernization and general economic expansion, although with some heterogeneity among sectors over time. High-technology services played a key role in modernization in the late 1980s and 1990s. In fact, the growth of High-technology, Medium-high-technology, Energy and Construction sectors accelerated through the 2008 crisis. Labour compensation and returns from capital followed different trends both during expansions and recessions, intensifying income inequality in Spain.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 151-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1974353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1974353
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong-Dian Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Hong-Dian
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Mei-Mei Xue
Author-X-Name-First: Mei-Mei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xue
Author-Name: Kang-Yin Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Kang-Yin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Qiao-Mei Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Qiao-Mei
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: How will natural gas market reforms affect carbon marginal abatement costs? Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Having recognised the significant role of natural gas in reducing carbon abatement costs, China is rapidly promoting its growth. However, obvious distortions exist in China’s natural gas market, and it is unclear how these may affect abatement policies going forward. Therefore, to assess the effects of energy market distortions on the carbon marginal abatement costs (MACs) in China, this study proposes a computable general equilibrium model for China’s natural gas sector, which considers the monopoly market structure, price regulation, and import restrictions. Results show that deregulation of gas prices will lead to an effective decrease in China’s MACs. China’s MACs are insensitive to liberalisation of the market monopoly or gas import restrictions. When all three distortions are fully deregulated, China’s MACs show an obvious upward trend. Finally, this study uses China's carbon trading policies as an example to propose policy implications under different scenarios of natural gas market reform.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 129-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1868410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1868410
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María T. Álvarez-Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: María T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Álvarez-Martínez
Author-Name: Salvador Barrios
Author-X-Name-First: Salvador
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrios
Author-Name: Diego d'Andria
Author-X-Name-First: Diego
Author-X-Name-Last: d'Andria
Author-Name: Maria Gesualdo
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Gesualdo
Author-Name: Gaetan Nicodeme
Author-X-Name-First: Gaetan
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicodeme
Author-Name: Jonathan Pycroft
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pycroft
Title: How large is the corporate tax base erosion and profit shifting? A general equilibrium approach
Abstract: 
 The paper uses the computable general equilibrium model CORTAX to analyse the extent of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) in the EU, Japan and the US. Our approach estimates the direct fiscal losses of BEPS and accounts for the second round effects, in particular on the cost of capital and corporate investment. Our central estimates show that the net corporate tax revenue losses in the EU are €36.0 billion per year (7.7% of CIT revenues), €24.0 billion in Japan and €100.8 billion in the US (in both cases representing 10.7% of corporate tax revenues). Our estimates are comparable in size to the global tax revenue losses found using newly reported statistics on foreign affiliates. Our macroeconomic results suggest that eliminating profit shifting would slightly reduce investment and GDP and rise corporate tax revenues, which would positively affect welfare.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 167-198
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1865882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2020.1865882
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# input file: CESR_A_1947782_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jan Weinzettel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinzettel
Title: Aggregation error of the material footprint: the case of the EU
Abstract: 
 The material footprint (raw material consumption) was proposed as a basis for monitoring SDGs 8.4 and 12.2. However, there is no institutionalized procedure providing globally consistent national material footprints. The OECD aims to institutionalize the material footprint through the development of one official inter-country input–output (ICIO) database applicable for its calculation. Inherent to input–output analysis is the aggregation error, which may impair the results. Therefore, in the case of the EU I analyze the aggregation error which can be expected if NACE rev2 classification is utilized for this ICIO database, and investigate the most important disaggregations, depending on the desired focus of the results. I conclude that the disaggregation level should reflect the intended purpose of the RME indicators. For their deeper analysis, and determination of strategies for their decrease, I conclude that NACE rev2 classification is inappropriate, and recommend high disaggregation and utilization of hybrid units.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 320-342
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1947782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1947782
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# input file: CESR_A_1937953_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Christian Lutz
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz
Author-Name: Maximilian Banning
Author-X-Name-First: Maximilian
Author-X-Name-Last: Banning
Author-Name: Lara Ahmann
Author-X-Name-First: Lara
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmann
Author-Name: Markus Flaute
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Flaute
Title: Energy efficiency and rebound effects in German industry – evidence from macroeconometric modeling
Abstract: 
 Increases in energy efficiency are reduced by the rebound effect. Efficiency gains on the micro level do not lead to proportionate reductions of energy consumption on the macro level. The German energy-economy model PANTA RHEI is applied to better understand the rebound effect. To get more robust estimates micro data from a cost structure survey of the German manufacturing sector was used to derive price elasticities of energy demand. The mesoeconomic rebound effect of an autonomous increase in energy efficiency at the industry level in manufacturing is between 7% in 2021 and 12% in 2030. The macroeconomic rebound effect lies between 12% in 2021 and 18% in 2030. Inclusion of necessary investment and assumptions of higher elasticities of substitution increase the effects. Rebound effects limit the scope of technology-driven efficiency improvements and must be considered in the design of ambitious energy efficiency programs and climate policies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 253-272
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953
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# input file: CESR_A_1926934_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anton Pichler
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Pichler
Author-Name: J. Doyne Farmer
Author-X-Name-First: J. Doyne
Author-X-Name-Last: Farmer
Title: Simultaneous supply and demand constraints in input–output networks: the case of Covid-19 in Germany, Italy, and Spain
Abstract: 
 Natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently affect both the supply and demand sides of an economy. A striking recent example is the Covid-19 pandemic which has created severe disruptions to economic output in most countries. These direct shocks to supply and demand will propagate downstream and upstream through production networks. Given the exogenous shocks, we derive a lower bound on total shock propagation. We find that even in this best case scenario network effects substantially amplify the initial shocks. To obtain more realistic model predictions, we study the propagation of shocks bottom-up by imposing different rationing rules on industries if they are not able to satisfy incoming demand. Our results show that economic impacts depend strongly on the emergence of input bottlenecks, making the rationing assumption a key variable in predicting adverse economic impacts. We further establish that the magnitude of initial shocks and network density heavily influence model predictions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 273-293
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1926934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1926934
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# input file: CESR_A_1971947_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Makiko Tsukui
Author-X-Name-First: Makiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsukui
Author-Name: Chen Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Chen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Kaiyan Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Kaiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Author-Name: Xiaoliang Lang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoliang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lang
Title: The true cost of trade among neighbors: the role of Japanese imports in waste generation in China
Abstract: 
 China’s rapid economic development has caused considerable environmental problems in waste generation and treatment. One important reason for this is China’s manufacturing exports to other countries such as Japan, a major trading partner. However, the contribution of such importing countries has not yet been fully explored. This study quantitatively examined how final demand in trade between China and Japan affects both countries’ economies and waste generation. The results show that imports of final consumption goods from China to Japan induced enormous waste generation in China, while the wastes induced in Japan were negligible. Even if final demand exports from China to Japan are significantly economically beneficial to China, the cost to China from addressing the induced waste generation seems too much to make these exports worthwhile. To encourage constructive discussions, improvement of reliability and transparency of waste statistics in China that allows comparison with other countries would be significant.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 343-366
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1971947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1971947
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# input file: CESR_A_1974354_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ning Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Ning
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Chaohui Han
Author-X-Name-First: Chaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Title: Regional CO2 emissions and cross-boundary mitigation potential in China
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a new framework for investigating regional CO2 emissions from the perspective of the domestic supply chain, with a combination of linkage analysis and structural decomposition analysis (SDA), which allows for a better understanding of spatial emission distributions and cross-boundary potential for CO2 mitigation. Based on the multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables of 2007 and 2012, Chinese provinces (cities) are categorised into three groups according to linkage characteristics, among which, Group I is suggested to be given priority in formulating mitigation policies due to their stronger regional CO2 influence characteristics. Moreover, regions in Group I have been more affected by inter-regional trade than other groups with regard to their local CO2 emissions. Therefore, turning Group I into a low-carbon production pattern could help construct greener domestic supply chains. The results emphasise that regional analysis on CO2 emissions should go beyond the local factors, and that regional mitigation polices should consider the position and participation degree of different regions in domestic supply chains.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 367-382
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1974354
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1974354
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# input file: CESR_A_1964941_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Syeda Tasnia Hasan
Author-X-Name-First: Syeda Tasnia
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan
Author-Name: Michael O. Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Michael O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Simron Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Simron
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Title: Revealing embedded carbon emissions within the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Abstract: 
 The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), representing approximately USD 13.5 trillion of the global GDP, is one of the largest free-trade agreements in the world. This trade agreement considers many important issues yet fails to address climate change or carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. CO2 emissions in trade are critical as all CPTPP parties have made significant carbon emissions reduction commitments of between 8-36% through the COP21- Paris Agreement. Herein lies a paradox. This study assesses the amount of embedded CO2 emissions in the CPTPP through an input-output analysis of consumption-based emissions in ten carbon-intensive sectors, under three scenarios. The results reveal that as trade between partners increases, so will CO2 emissions across those sectors. These findings are essential for policymakers who are striving to grow Partnerships (Sustainable Development Goal 17) while seeking to address Climate Action (Sustainable Development Goal 13), which appear to be conflicting goals.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 294-319
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1964941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1964941
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:34:y:2022:i:3:p:294-319

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# input file: CESR_A_1952404_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Timothé Beaufils
Author-X-Name-First: Timothé
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaufils
Author-Name: Leonie Wenz
Author-X-Name-First: Leonie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenz
Title: A scenario-based method for projecting multi-regional input–output tables
Abstract: 
 Multi-regional input–output (MRIO) data are a powerful tool to analyze complex interdependencies in the international trade and supply network. Their field of application is however limited by the fact that MRIO datasets are only available for past years whereas the structure of the international trade network has been found to change profoundly over time. We here propose the SPIN method, a simple and flexible algorithm that can project MRIO tables into the future based on transparent scenarios of how gross domestic product and trade relations may evolve in that time. By combining well-established input–output techniques, namely the Leontief quantity model and an RAS-type algorithm, our method provides a straightforward mean to convert quantitative scenarios of the world economy into consistent MRIO tables. We illustrate the functioning of the SPIN method by projecting the evolution of the trade network after the 2008 financial crisis under different alternative scenarios of recovery.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 440-468
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1952404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1952404
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# input file: CESR_A_1935219_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Timon Bohn
Author-X-Name-First: Timon
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohn
Author-Name: Steven Brakman
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Brakman
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Title: Who’s afraid of Virginia Wu? US employment footprints and self-sufficiency
Abstract: 
 Globalization has brought about concerns of domestic job losses due to outsourcing to countries like China. The ‘employment footprint’ concept provides new insights into the implications of trade for employment. Using this approach for the period of 1995–2008, we analyze the relation of US jobs with international trade, particularly with China. Furthermore, we compare the US employment footprint with its labor endowment to assess if the country could be self-sufficient in terms of labor. We find that the US’s consumption increasingly depends on foreign workers. The country ‘consumes’ more labor than is nationally available; thus, self-sufficiency is not possible under realistic assumptions. Moreover, the US has benefited from jobs – especially in services – generated by the world economy. Referring to Albee’s famous play about living in illusions, we use ‘Virginia Wu’ as a Chinese version of ‘Virginia Woolf’ to argue that the perceived threat of China (Virginia Wu) is only an illusion.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 469-490
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219
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# input file: CESR_A_1932764_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Heran Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Heran
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Johannes Többen
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Többen
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Daniel Moran
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran
Author-Name: Jing Meng
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Meng
Author-Name: Daoping Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Daoping
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Dabo Guan
Author-X-Name-First: Dabo
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan
Title: Entropy-based Chinese city-level MRIO table framework
Abstract: 
 Cities are pivotal hubs of socioeconomic activities, and consumption in cities contributes to global environmental pressures. Compiling city-level multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables is challenging due to the scarcity of city-level data. Here we propose an entropy-based framework to construct city-level MRIO tables. We demonstrate the new construction method and present an analysis of the carbon footprint of cities in China's Hebei province. A sensitivity analysis is conducted by introducing a weight reflecting the heterogeneity between city and province data, as an important source of uncertainty is the degree to which cities and provinces have an identical ratio of intermediate demand to total demand. We compare consumption-based emissions generated from the new MRIO to results of the MRIO based on individual city input-output tables. The findings reveal a large discrepancy in consumption-based emissions between the two MRIO tables but this is due to conflicting benchmark data used in the two tables.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 519-544
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1932764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1932764
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# input file: CESR_A_1949267_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Rossella Bardazzi
Author-X-Name-First: Rossella
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardazzi
Author-Name: Leonardo Ghezzi
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghezzi
Title: Large-scale multinational shocks and international trade: a non-zero-sum game
Abstract: 
 International trade has improved living standards but has also become a major channel for spreading shocks on a global scale. The increasing relevance of intersectoral linkages and trade in intermediates renewed interest in input–output techniques. This paper enriches the literature on empirical trade models with an input–output/econometric approach including substitution effects and price spillovers. Our model shows that (a) trade elasticities and bilateral shares are not constant in time and differ across sectors and countries; (b) international price changes alter the relative competitiveness between competitors; (c) final demand components such as consumption and investment react to changes in international prices. Large multi-country shocks produce feedback effects in national economies as they adapt by import substitution across exporters, by changing the import content of domestic production and by adjusting final demand. These feedbacks affect the global demand producing an asymmetric non-zero-sum game.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 383-409
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1949267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1949267
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# input file: CESR_A_1963684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Arndt Feuerbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Arndt
Author-X-Name-Last: Feuerbacher
Author-Name: Scott McDonald
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald
Author-Name: Karen Thierfelder
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Thierfelder
Title: Peasant farmers and pandemics: the role of seasonality and labor-leisure trade-off decisions in economy-wide models
Abstract: 
 Pandemics attack the primary asset (labor) of peasant households and the rural poor. Peasant households must simultaneously allocate labor between farm and household activities, where the demand for agricultural labor is seasonal, which limits intra-temporal substitution, without perfect foresight. A pandemic reduces the supply of labor, through deaths and morbidity, with the scale of reductions in labor supply depending on the seasons in which a pandemic occurs. The analyses, using a recursive dynamic economy-wide model for Bhutan, demonstrate that outbreaks in high labor demand seasons cause increases in wage rates almost three times as high as for outbreaks in low labor demand seasons. Increases in wage rates induce peasant households to reallocate labor time between farm and household activities through the labor-leisure trade-off mechanism. Such changes in the allocation of labor time are important elements of peasants’ mitigation responses, and can reduce the negative economic implications of a pandemic.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 491-518
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1963684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1963684
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# input file: CESR_A_1958764_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Yoshihiro Hashiguchi
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshihiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Hashiguchi
Author-Name: Norihiko Yamano
Author-X-Name-First: Norihiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamano
Author-Name: Colin Webb
Author-X-Name-First: Colin
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb
Title: How thick is your armour? Measuring economic resilience to shocks in global production networks
Abstract: 
 When economic shocks occur, whether at home or abroad, economic agents are expected to react to reduce the negative impact or amplify the positive effects. The ability of a country to contain economic losses can be defined as the resilience to economic shocks. Using the OECD’s annual Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) tables from 1995 to 2011, this paper investigates the relationship between changes in final demand and production structures for 61 economies. We found that, during economic downturns, countries that are able to prop up the economy through the domestic service sectors instead of domestic goods and foreign sectors are more resilient to negative shocks. Therefore, understanding the substitutability between goods and service sectors and between domestic and foreign sectors is crucial for gauging the potential risk to a country’s domestic economy from shocks abroad – whether economic, environmental, health-related or political.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 410-439
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1958764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1958764
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# input file: CESR_A_2106418_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anwar Shaikh
Author-X-Name-First: Anwar
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaikh
Author-Name: Luiza Nassif-Pires
Author-X-Name-First: Luiza
Author-X-Name-Last: Nassif-Pires
Author-Name: José Alejandro Coronado
Author-X-Name-First: José Alejandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Coronado
Title: A new empirical contribution to an old theoretical puzzle: what input–output matrix properties tells us about equilibrium prices and quantities
Abstract: 
 Eigenvalues of input-output matrices have significant implications for the structures of equilibrium prices and quantities. According to the Bródy Conjecture (BC), all subdominant eigenvalues of matrix would approach zero as matrix size approached infinity. Thus, any given initial quantity or price vector would converge to the corresponding equilibrium one in a single step. This paper adds significant empirical evidence to this theoretical discussion. We create a database of 307 different sizes matrices ranging over 30 years. Contrary to BC, we find that: the coefficient of variation and the subdominant eigenvalue moduli rise with matrix size; there’s a universal rank-size curve of eigenvalue moduli, but it is smooth and convex rather than L-shaped; the distribution of eigenvalue moduli is best fit by a Weibull probability distribution; the Weibull quantile function in turn yields a power law for eigenvalue moduli which is a better fit than a previously proposed exponential function.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 118-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2106418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2106418
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# input file: CESR_A_2091978_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Vladimír Holý
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimír
Author-X-Name-Last: Holý
Author-Name: Karel Šafr
Author-X-Name-First: Karel
Author-X-Name-Last: Šafr
Title: Disaggregating input–output tables by the multidimensional RAS method: a case study of the Czech Republic
Abstract: 
 The RAS method is an iterative procedure that bi-proportionally scales an input–output table to be consistent with given row and column sums. It can be used to disaggregate an annual national table to more detailed tables, such as regional, quarterly, and domestic/imported tables. However, the regular two-dimensional RAS method does not ensure the consistency of the disaggregated tables with the original table. For this problem, we use the multidimensional RAS method, which besides input and output totals, also ensures regional, quarterly, and domestic/imported totals. Our analysis of Czech industries shows that the multidimensional RAS method increases the accuracy of table estimation as well as the accuracy of the Leontief inverse, the quarterly value added, and (to some degree) the regional Isard's model. We also rigorously demonstrate its relation to the cross-entropy model.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 95-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2091978
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2091978
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# input file: CESR_A_1971629_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Markus Simbürger
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Simbürger
Title: Filter methods for MRIO tables: an evaluation
Abstract: 
 Researchers who deal with network analysis based on multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables cannot avoid the intensively discussed issue of filtering, which means identification of the most important and significant trade connections. The question of what is an appropriate filter method remains. This paper expands the existing discussion and brings new insight based on the evaluation of existing filter methods for MRIO tables. Six filter methods from the prevailing literature are identified as relevant and tested on the published MRIO tables: EORA26 and EXIOBASE. The results are verified by a case study. The evaluation shows that the Tolerable Limit approach and filter based on the Weaver–Thomas Index are the most restrictive. The Leontief filter and the filter based on holistic accuracy can be partially recommended. The filter on absolute trade values and average transactions can be recommended as ‘good’ methods.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 136-155
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1971629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1971629
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:1:p:136-155



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CESR_A_2068407_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ryo Itoh
Author-X-Name-First: Ryo
Author-X-Name-Last: Itoh
Author-Name: Kiyoshi Yonemoto
Author-X-Name-First: Kiyoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Yonemoto
Title: An interregional input–output analysis with the Eaton–Kortum model
Abstract: 
 This study proposes a multi-regional input–output (I–O) model obtained from comparative statics analysis and a linear approximation of Eaton and Kortum's (2002). [Technology, geography, and trade. Econometrica, 70(5), 1741–1779. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecta.2002.70.issue-5] general equilibrium trade model. The derived reduced form, which represents the effect of a final demand shock, is equivalent to the Leontief inverse, which means that our model is a straightforward extension of the conventional I–O framework. In addition, supply-side shocks, such as a decrease in transport costs, and the corresponding welfare gains are also calculated without setting any structural parameters. The linear reduced forms also enable us to decompose the welfare gains into various ripple channels, such as by sector, region, or the time that the gain arrives. A Japanese multi-regional I–O table is used as a numerical example to derive the effect of a reduction in transport costs (for the links around the northern region). The results indicate that more than half of the welfare gains in the southwest region are delivered through indirect channels, and their time to arrival is more than twice of that in the northern region, which is close to the shock.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 49-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2068407
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2068407
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:1:p:49-74



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# input file: CESR_A_2045258_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Davit Stepanyan
Author-X-Name-First: Davit
Author-X-Name-Last: Stepanyan
Author-Name: Georg Zimmermann
Author-X-Name-First: Georg
Author-X-Name-Last: Zimmermann
Author-Name: Harald Grethe
Author-X-Name-First: Harald
Author-X-Name-Last: Grethe
Title: Stochastic simulation with informed rotations of Gaussian quadratures
Abstract: 
 Given the fast growth of available computational capacities and the increasing complexity of simulation models addressing agro-environmental issues, uncertainty analysis using stochastic techniques has become a standard modeling practice. However, conventional uncertainty/sensitivity analysis methods are either computationally demanding (Monte Carlo-based methods) or produce results with varying quality (Gaussian quadratures). In this article, we present a computationally inexpensive and reliable uncertainty analysis method for simulation models called informed rotations of Gaussian quadratures (IRGQ). We also provide an R script that generates IRGQ points based on the required input data. The results demonstrate that this method is able to produce approximations that are close to the estimated benchmarks at low computational costs. The method is tested in three different simulation models using different input data in order to demonstrate the independence of the proposed method on specific model types and data structures. This is a methodological paper for practitioners rather than theorists.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 30-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2045258
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2045258
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:1:p:30-48



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# input file: CESR_A_1990869_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Daaniyall
Author-X-Name-Last: Abd Rahman
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Author-Name: Anne Owen
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen
Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen
Title: Multi-level comparisons of input–output tables using cross-entropy indicators
Abstract: 
 We introduce a cross-entropy (CE) indicator to quantify the extent to which two input–output tables or two tables with results based on input–output analysis differ from each other. Our work deploys a unique feature of the CE indicator: it can be decomposed, allowing for matrix comparisons at various levels within one coherent framework. To illustrate the power of this approach, we apply the technique to five multi-region input–output (MRIO) tables for 2011, derived from the Eora, EXIOBASE, GTAP, OECD and WIOD databases. We make pairwise comparisons between MRIOs and between global value chain (GVC) computations based on these MRIOs. We find that answers to questions related to broader aggregates are generally quite similar, but that answers to questions at the level of single industries can be rather different across MRIOs.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 75-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1990869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1990869
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:1:p:75-94



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# input file: CESR_A_1964440_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Paul de Boer
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: de Boer
Author-Name: Jan van Daal
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: van Daal
Author-Name: João F. D. Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: João F. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Title: Consumer preferences in CGE models when data are scarce: comparing the linear expenditure and the indirect addilog systems
Abstract: 
 The linear expenditure system (LES) is a popular option for modeling consumer preferences in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models when data are scarce, since its underlying functional form is parsimonious in parameters. The goal of this paper is to compare the performance of LES against the indirect addilog system (IAS), a hardly known alternative, in terms of their theoretical properties and in a case study. Both systems are equally easy to implement and require the same information for parameter calibration. IAS, however, offers a richer description of consumer preferences. On the basis of an expenditure survey of Statistics Palestine in 1998, we find overwhelming statistical evidence that the IAS demand equations perform better than those of the LES. Simulations with a CGE model developed for disaster impact analysis applied to the intifada of the early 2000s show that the absolute value of the equivalent variation is larger for IAS than for LES.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1964440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1964440
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# input file: CESR_A_1965549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Arianto A. Patunru
Author-X-Name-First: Arianto A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Patunru
Author-Name: Prema-chandra Athukorala
Author-X-Name-First: Prema-chandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Athukorala
Title: Measuring trade in value added: how valid is the proportionality assumption?
Abstract: 
 For countries that have only aggregate (‘competitive type’) input–output (IO) tables, value added in exports is commonly estimated using the ‘proportionality assumption’ to separate imported-inputs from domestically procured inputs. We test the validity of this assumption using non-competitive type IO tables, which contain separately compiled domestic- and imported-input matrices, for Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Australia. The results show that the proportionality assumption leads to an overestimation of domestic value-added in exports, and that the magnitude of the bias becomes amplified when the export composition of a country shifts from primary products to manufactured goods through integration into global production networks.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 292-300
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1965549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1965549
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:2:p:292-300



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# input file: CESR_A_1951178_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: José L. Zofío
Author-X-Name-First: José L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zofío
Author-Name: Julio González
Author-X-Name-First: Julio
Author-X-Name-Last: González
Author-Name: Angel Prieto
Author-X-Name-First: Angel
Author-X-Name-Last: Prieto
Author-Name: Juan Vicente
Author-X-Name-First: Juan
Author-X-Name-Last: Vicente
Title: Modelling the spatial and sectoral benefits of productivity enhancing innovations using a transport oriented multiregional IO framework: the ‘megatruck’ in Spain
Abstract: 
 We render operational the model outlined by Carter (1990) via the introduction of the research methods necessary for studying the spatial and sectoral (upstream and downstream) benefits of productivity-enhancing innovations within a real interregional input–output framework. As case study we examine the reduction in production costs derived from the adoption of longer and heavier vehicles in freight road transportation. We exploit a new Spanish regional table including a detailed disaggregation of the transportation sector. The productivity gains at the national level, resulting from a 30% reduction in transport costs, amount to 2.95% of the GVA at market prices. Results show that firms operating in this niche market appropriate most of the gross operation surplus (which increases by 10%), consistent with the existence of market power. The remaining transportation sectors see profits slightly worsened, suggesting limited substitution effects. A high regional heterogeneity exists because of the different input–output structures.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 228-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1951178
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1951178
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# input file: CESR_A_2047011_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aleksandra Kordalska
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Kordalska
Author-Name: Magdalena Olczyk
Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena
Author-X-Name-Last: Olczyk
Title: Upgrading low value-added activities in global value chains: a functional specialisation approach
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to identify patterns of functional specialisation (FS) in global value chains (GVCs) and determinants of upgrading them for selected Central Eastern European (CEE) economies. By combing the World Input-Output Database with data on occupations, we reveal a new FS pattern among subgroups of CEEs. Poland and Slovakia have an unfavourable GVC position and specialise in low value-added fabrication function. In contrast, other CEEs have competitive advantages in high value-added tasks: the Baltic countries and Slovenia in management services, the Czech Republic and Slovenia in R&D. We identify upgrading factors for different types of FS in GVCs. The wages convergence of CEEs with developed economies, and strong GVC backward linkages support the path to higher value-added in almost all business functions. Higher GDP per capita and lower economic distance to Germany allow CEEs to escape from ‘factory economies' status and also generate higher value-added in R&D activities.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 265-291
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2047011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2047011
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:2:p:265-291



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# input file: CESR_A_2026894_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Daniel Herrero
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrero
Author-Name: Adrián Rial
Author-X-Name-First: Adrián
Author-X-Name-Last: Rial
Title: Productive linkages in a segmented economy: the role of services in the export performance of German manufacturing
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the causes that affect the export performance of the German manufacturing sector. By applying a subsystem approach to input–output analysis, we take into account the interlinkages between manufacturing and services. In particular, we consider two types of relationships that influence manufacturing competitiveness: the wage squeeze in services due to institutional factors and outsourcing; and the role played by knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) as innovation drivers. Taking vertically integrated sectors as units of analysis, an export model is estimated. We find that labor costs play only a minor role for international competitiveness, while non-price factors are the main drivers of German exports. Therefore, although the wage squeeze in services is the centerpiece in the unit labor costs and export prices moderation, it is of minor importance for export growth. Conversely, the growing integration of KIBS provides a strong stimulus for non-price competitiveness and export growth.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 183-210
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2026894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2026894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:2:p:183-210



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# input file: CESR_A_2062301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Enrique Gilles
Author-X-Name-First: Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Gilles
Author-Name: Javier Deaza
Author-X-Name-First: Javier
Author-X-Name-Last: Deaza
Author-Name: Alejandro Vivas
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Vivas
Title: The role of imported intermediates in productivity change
Abstract: 
 We address the role of imported intermediates in productivity by applying a methodology that proposes an equivalence between input–output analysis and data envelopment analysis, and decomposes sectoral productivity gains into two factors: efficiency change and technical change. We illustrate this by using data for Spain in the 2008–2015 period with three levels of labor skills, capital, and twenty-eight industries, and compare the results of two different settings: one including only domestic intermediates and the other incorporating total (i.e. both domestic and imported) inputs. We find differential results regarding productivity, efficiency, and technical changes that are attributable to imported intermediates. We also find that the main drivers of productivity change are high-skilled labor and the manufacturing sector. Our results suggest the importance of both trade and educational policies that respectively foster international economic complementarities and promote higher qualification of labor.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 211-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2062301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2062301
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# input file: CESR_A_1975098_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Rayan Wolf
Author-X-Name-First: Rayan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolf
Author-Name: Angelo C. Gurgel
Author-X-Name-First: Angelo C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurgel
Author-Name: Leonardo C. B. Cardoso
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo C. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardoso
Author-Name: Ian M. Trotter
Author-X-Name-First: Ian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Trotter
Author-Name: Marcos S. Nazareth
Author-X-Name-First: Marcos S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nazareth
Author-Name: Erly C. Teixeira
Author-X-Name-First: Erly C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Teixeira
Title: Welfare impacts of a negative income tax on regions of Brazil
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to analyze the effects of a public policy based on negative income tax (NIT) ideals as an alternative to the current social programs of income transfer in Brazil. A multiregional applied computable general equilibrium model of Brazil's economy is used to analyze the impacts on households' welfare, split into 10 income classes, and 2 factors (capital and labor) for each of 5 major regions. By analyzing two scenarios for the proposed policy, we show that the NIT could be more effective than the current social programs as well as resulting in longer lasting outcomes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 301-323
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1975098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1975098
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# input file: CESR_A_2048294_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maureen Lankhuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lankhuizen
Author-Name: Dario Diodato
Author-X-Name-First: Dario
Author-X-Name-Last: Diodato
Author-Name: Anet Weterings
Author-X-Name-First: Anet
Author-X-Name-Last: Weterings
Author-Name: Olga Ivanova
Author-X-Name-First: Olga
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova
Author-Name: Mark Thissen
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Thissen
Title: Identifying labour market bottlenecks in the energy transition: a combined IO-matching analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper combines an input–output model and a novel regional labour market matching model in order to identify potential bottlenecks in regional labour markets resulting from shocks in demand caused by the energy transition. Identifying these bottlenecks provides relevant information for policymakers to determine in which regions and industries policy intervention in labour markets may be needed to ensure a smooth transformation. We analyse the effects of a shock that is illustrative for the energy transition in the Netherlands. Our results indicate that the aim of the Dutch government to substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions may, at least in the short run, be hampered by bottlenecks in labour markets.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 157-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2048294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2048294
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:35:y:2023:i:2:p:157-182

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# input file: CESR_A_2164483_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ruoqi Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ruoqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Wenjun Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Wenjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Wei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Yuanchun Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Yuanchun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Hongqiang Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Hongqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Yaling Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Yaling
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Cuiyang Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Cuiyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Jinnan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Jinnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Miaomiao Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Miaomiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Jun Bi
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: Bi
Author-Name: Yu Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Hongkuan Zang
Author-X-Name-First: Hongkuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zang
Author-Name: Yuli Shan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuli
Author-X-Name-Last: Shan
Title: Managing lead (Pb) emissions in China from the perspective of final demand
Abstract: 
 Lead (Pb) pollution is a serious environmental and health risk and remains a major challenge for China. This study analyzes China’s atmospheric Pb emissions from the dual perspectives of production and final demand, by integrating localized emission factors and a Multi-Regional Input – Output model. Our results show that Shandong, Hebei, and Hubei directly contribute over 36% of the national emissions. However, from the final demand perspective, some developed provinces, such as Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Zhejiang, induce a considerable proportion (29%) of the national emissions by relocating emissions to other provinces through inter-provincial trade. Trade-embodied emissions typically flow from interior regions to more affluent coastal regions (e.g. Henan-Jiangsu, Anhui-Jiangsu, Hunan-Guangdong). Considering both production and final demand, we identify different roles for provinces in Pb emission management. Prosperous beneficiary provinces should take more responsibilities by transferring advanced technologies, especially those in industries such as coal dressing, to sacrificial provinces.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 417-437
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2164483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2164483
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# input file: CESR_A_2174003_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Timothé Beaufils
Author-X-Name-First: Timothé
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaufils
Author-Name: Etienne Berthet
Author-X-Name-First: Etienne
Author-X-Name-Last: Berthet
Author-Name: Hauke Ward
Author-X-Name-First: Hauke
Author-X-Name-Last: Ward
Author-Name: Leonie Wenz
Author-X-Name-First: Leonie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenz
Title: Beyond production and consumption: using throughflows to untangle the virtual trade of externalities
Abstract: 
 Understanding how countries contribute to the generation of externalities globally is important for designing sustainable policies aimed at reducing negative externalities such as carbon emissions. Commonly used approaches focus on either producers or consumers, thereby neglecting the role of intermediates. We here introduce the concept of throughflow to comprehensively quantify upstream externalities generated by the supply chains originating from, passing through or ending in a given country. We define the Throughflow Based Accounting (TBA) framework as the decomposition of the throughflow into local, imported, exported and traversing externalities. We illustrate the strength of the TBA by identifying the CO2 emissions caused by supply chains involving the German economy. We show that Germany could use its position in global value chains to help reduce two times more CO2 emissions than measured with usual production- or consumption-based accounting frameworks.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 376-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2174003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2174003
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# input file: CESR_A_2034139_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lena Kilian
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Kilian
Author-Name: Anne Owen
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Owen
Author-Name: Andy Newing
Author-X-Name-First: Andy
Author-X-Name-Last: Newing
Author-Name: Diana Ivanova
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova
Title: Microdata selection for estimating household consumption-based emissions
Abstract: 
 To estimate household emissions from a consumption-perspective, national accounts are typically disaggregated to a sub-national level using household expenditure data. While limitations around using expenditure data are frequently discussed, differences in emission estimates generated from seemingly comparable expenditure microdata are not well-known. We compare UK neighbourhood greenhouse gas emission estimates derived from three such microdatasets: the Output Area Classification, the Living Costs and Food Survey, and a dataset produced by the credit reference agency TransUnion. Findings indicate moderate similarity between emission estimates from all datasets, even at detailed product and spatial levels; importantly, similarity increases for higher-emission products. Nevertheless, levels of similarity vary by products and geographies, highlighting the impact microdata selection can have on emission estimates. We focus our discussion on how uncertainty from microdata selection can be reduced in other UK and international contexts by selecting data based on the data generation process, the level of disaggregation needed, physical unit availability and research implications.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 325-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2034139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2034139
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# input file: CESR_A_2133598_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Joel Bruneau
Author-X-Name-First: Joel
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruneau
Author-Name: Madanmohan Ghosh
Author-X-Name-First: Madanmohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh
Author-Name: Deming Luo
Author-X-Name-First: Deming
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo
Author-Name: Yunfa Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Yunfa
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: Income and investment, not energy policy, are driving GHG emission intensities
Abstract: 
 Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to rise but, at the same time, emission intensities associated with domestic consumption and territorial production have declined albeit at vastly different rates across economies. To identify the socioeconomic factors that drive this cross-country variation, we combine input–output modelling with panel data analysis. Using the World Input–Output Database, we estimate GHG intensities separately for domestic consumption and for territorial production. For the regression analysis, we consider several socioeconomic factors that capture development features, exposure to international trade, as well as energy prices and GHG-relevant programmes. Our results show that development-type factors, such as per capita income, capital-labour ratios, and investments, are the primary drivers of cross-country differences. Energy prices and domestic GHG policies are not major drivers. We also find that reductions in intensities are primarily through changes in techniques rather than compositional changes in the structure of economies.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 438-457
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2133598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2133598
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# input file: CESR_A_2035689_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Huiwen Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Huiwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Huibin Du
Author-X-Name-First: Huibin
Author-X-Name-Last: Du
Author-Name: Zengkai Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Zengkai
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Huimin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huimin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Kunfu Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Kunfu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Yaling Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Yaling
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Xi Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Xi
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Trade heterogeneity and virtual water exports of China
Abstract: 
 China is facing serious water scarcity, and the effects of international trade on its water resources have been widely examined. Processing exports account for nearly half of China’s gross exports. Adopting China’s multi-regional input–output table that captures processing exports, we enrich the literature on virtual water exports by accounting for trade heterogeneity. The results show that China’s virtual water exports show a significant trade heterogeneity. Normal and processing exports are attributed to 86.7% and 13.3% of the Agriculture sector’s water use induced by exports respectively. Conversely, normal and processing exports are attributed to 31.8% and 68.3% of the Communications Equipment, Computers sector’s water use induced by exports respectively. In addition, a cross-regional compensation is needed to deal with the unequal regional distribution of water uses and economic benefits related to exports.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 397-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2035689
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2035689
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# input file: CESR_A_2142528_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Meihui Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Meihui
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Cai Suo
Author-X-Name-First: Cai
Author-X-Name-Last: Suo
Author-Name: Liangpeng Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Liangpeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Peter Berrill
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrill
Title: Consumption structure optimization for reducing energy footprint
Abstract: 
 To investigate how to obtain the optimal balance between energy consumption and economic development, this paper proposes a multifactor optimization model (MFOM). Different from previous input–output optimization models, our proposed MFOM comprehensively considers the direct and indirect impacts of sectoral consumption activities on total energy consumption. The results show that MFOM achieves higher energy-saving goals by smaller adjustment to consumption activities than the previous input–output optimization models do. The results also show that the consumption of some products should be limited to achieve the energy-saving and economic growth goals, such as Non-ferrous Metal Ore Mining, Chemical Products and Ferrous Metal Ore Processing. Furthermore, the results indicate that the share of some sectors, especially high-level manufacturing sectors, significantly decreases in the consumption structure after optimization. To maintain the sustainable development of these sectors, the dependence of their production activities on energy-intensive products should be reduced.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 458-477
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2142528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2142528
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# input file: CESR_A_2174002_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ershad Ostadzadeh
Author-X-Name-First: Ershad
Author-X-Name-Last: Ostadzadeh
Author-Name: Amin Elshorbagy
Author-X-Name-First: Amin
Author-X-Name-Last: Elshorbagy
Author-Name: Marta Tuninetti
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Tuninetti
Author-Name: Francesco Laio
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Laio
Author-Name: Ahmed Abdelkader
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdelkader
Title: Who will dominate the global fossil fuel trade?
Abstract: 
 Fossil fuels are not distributed evenly throughout the world, and hence the countries rely heavily on international trade to secure energy supply. Characterization of the energy trade network is needed to conduct long-term assessments of energy security. This study proposes a modeling framework to assess the evolution of energy trade under current conditions as well as under future scenarios up to 2050. The total trade of each country is estimated with trade predictive models (TPMs) using key variables. Subsequently, a matrix-balancing method (RAS) is used to estimate the annual bilateral trades. The projected energy trade network in 2050 varies under each shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) of the future, with annual fossil fuel global trades among countries ranging between 538 and 215 EJ. Canada, USA, Venezuela, and China are projected to dominate the global trade network, with Canada-USA remaining the most dominant fossil fuel trade link up to 2050.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 354-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2174002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2174002
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# input file: CESR_A_2012430_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yuwan Duan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Author-Name: Erik Dietzenbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietzenbacher
Author-Name: Bart Los
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Los
Author-Name: Cuihong Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Cuihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Processing trade in Chinese interregional input–output tables: construction and application
Abstract: 
 We construct new interregional input–output tables for China, which can be used to analyze changes in the interindustry linkages within and between eight Chinese regions, and their consequences. We claim that analyses based on these tables yield more accurate results than analyses using existing interregional input–output tables for China, because our tables explicitly account for a typical feature of the Chinse economy: the importance of processing exports activities. These activities rely heavily on imported inputs and much less on inputs sourced from domestic regions. Accounting for such differences between processing exports and other production activities reduces aggregation biases. We illustrate the usefulness of the tables by computing supply chain fragmentation indices for China and quantifying the biases that are avoided by using our input–output tables instead of conventional ones. We make our tables (for 2002, 2007 and 2012) publicly available.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 566-585
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.2012430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.2012430
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# input file: CESR_A_2065466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marina Yegorovna Anokhina
Author-X-Name-First: Marina Yegorovna
Author-X-Name-Last: Anokhina
Title: Fuzzy cognitive model of agricultural economic growth
Abstract: 
 Agrarian growth is becoming increasingly important to many countries as the global demand for food rises, natural resources become scarcer, and environmental problems deepen. Herein, I propose a mechanism for designing agricultural growth management strategies that is based on fuzzy cognitive logic. The research presented is built on three main findings. First, it integrates established theories of economic growth, economic cyclicality, and sectoral market theories into a model of agricultural growth management. This enables the identification of main growth factors and the determination of the nature of their effects on agricultural dynamics. Second, I develop an algorithm for cognitive analysis of agricultural growth management and justify both this mathematical apparatus and the tools it uses. And third, I conduct a computational experiment that applies cognitive technologies to generate what I believe is the best agricultural economic growth strategy for Russia.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 658-680
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2065466
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2065466
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# input file: CESR_A_2067029_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tânia Moreira Alberti
Author-X-Name-First: Tânia Moreira
Author-X-Name-Last: Alberti
Author-Name: Kênia de Souza
Author-X-Name-First: Kênia
Author-X-Name-Last: de Souza
Author-Name: Alexandre Porsse
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre
Author-X-Name-Last: Porsse
Title: Poverty and the functional distribution of income in the input–output framework: in pursuit of strategies for inclusive growth
Abstract: 
 The eradication of poverty as proposed by the first Sustainable Development Goal is one of the main challenges faced by all countries, especially the underdeveloped and developing nations. In this paper, we develop an approach for integrating the input–output framework with a microsimulation model where consumption and income data are highly disaggregated and along with Miyazawa linkages. This allows us to identify how sectoral economic structure affects income distribution. This, in turn, provides information relevant to the inclusive growth policies that can create work opportunities for the low-income population and, thereby eliminating poverty. Results show how labor-intensive sectors might be important in ending poverty and in reducing inequality. They even show the set of activities that could best contribute to this goal via changes in the productive structure.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 614-633
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2067029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2067029
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# input file: CESR_A_2062302_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Casiano A. Manrique-de-Lara-Peñate
Author-X-Name-First: Casiano A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Manrique-de-Lara-Peñate
Author-Name: José J. Déniz-Mayor
Author-X-Name-First: José J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Déniz-Mayor
Title: The business accounting matrix: a proposal with an application
Abstract: 
 National accounting matrices (NAM) perfectly describe the economic structure of a national economy, summarising the whole process of generation of primary income and its distribution among the different institutional sectors of the economy. It is not just a way to represent the main economic statistics of an economy but it also serves as the basis for most macroeconomic modelling efforts. The business accounting matrix (BAM) presents the most relevant information for the firm in a similar way, adapted to the descriptive potential of financial accounting, what we believe can be useful both for economic modellers and for decision makers at the firm level. Our intention is not to convince business administrators to change their accounting paradigm but to help analysts and researchers to obtain a comprehensive description of the activity of a firm aligned to well recognised economic statistical standards.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 516-540
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2062302
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2062302
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# input file: CESR_A_2091427_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Raúl Vázquez-López
Author-X-Name-First: Raúl
Author-X-Name-Last: Vázquez-López
Title: Assessing employment benefits from trade: US-Mexico trade under NAFTA
Abstract: 
 Recent tendencies in the operation of Global Value Chains (GVC) have indicated an increasingly asymmetric distribution of benefits in terms of the participating countries and different layers of workers. This paper employs the World Input–Output Database to calculate the working hours and wages embodied in manufacturing exports between the US and Mexico, by country of origin and skill level, from 1995 to 2008. In purchasing power, the increase in total wages paid in the US, generated by the bilateral trade, was significantly higher than that of wages paid in Mexico, even though the additional number of hours worked in Mexico was seven times higher. For the US, the results ratify the loss of jobs after 2001, but with an upgrade of the skill structure. We conclude that the trend towards replacement of low-skilled labour by more capital-intensive systems occurs within GVC to the detriment of the incomes of low-skilled workers.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 541-565
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2091427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2091427
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# input file: CESR_A_1981830_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Luis Enrique Pedauga
Author-X-Name-First: Luis Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedauga
Author-Name: Agustin Velazquez
Author-X-Name-First: Agustin
Author-X-Name-Last: Velazquez
Author-Name: Elvis Hernández-Perdomo
Author-X-Name-First: Elvis
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández-Perdomo
Title: Systemic risk and macro-financial interconnectedness using an FSAM framework
Abstract: 
 We provide a general framework to assess the traceability of systemic risk and macro interconnectedness to understand the financial risk transmissions channels. Our contribution help address the information need established in the DGI-2 in a FSAM-based model that fully captures the interconnectedness between real and financial sectors. Recent developments in the field of IO and SAM evaluations have led to a renewed interest in the usage of linkage analysis to measure the role that a sector play within the economy. Focusing on the backward and forward linkage, hypothetical extraction method, and structural path analysis, we show how feasible it is to include heterogeneous financial institutions to study risk interactions effects on macroeconomic outcomes. This paper’s proposal may be useful for thinking about how micro-data and macro-aggregates can be incorporated into the set of financial soundness indicators, allowing to obtain an idea of the vulnerabilities of the financial sector.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 479-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1981830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2021.1981830
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# input file: CESR_A_2153221_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Alessandro Borin
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Borin
Author-Name: Michele Mancini
Author-X-Name-First: Michele
Author-X-Name-Last: Mancini
Title: Measuring what matters in value-added trade
Abstract: 
 The spread of global value chains (GVCs) has given rise to new statistical tools, the inter-country input–output tables, and new analytical frameworks aimed at properly identifying production linkages between and within economies. However, several important questions remain unaddressed. This paper proposes a new toolkit for value-added accounting of trade flows at the aggregate, bilateral, and sectoral levels. The paper shows how different empirical issues require distinct accounting perspectives and maps these methodologies onto the economic questions they are best suited to address. We provide novel accounting perspectives that allow us to properly address important empirical issues. With respect to other accounting methodologies previously proposed in the literature, we offer more accurate or, in some cases, more exhaustive value-added decompositions of trade flows (e.g. by covering both domestic and foreign value-added). In addition, the paper gathers a significant amount of the related literature under one comprehensive framework.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 586-613
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2153221
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2153221
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# input file: CESR_A_2135091_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Pablo R. Liboreiro
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Liboreiro
Title: Estimating disguised unemployment in major middle-income countries by means of non-linear input–output analysis, 2000–2014
Abstract: 
 According to the disguised-unemployment hypothesis, significant wage differences between sectors in less-developed countries result from segmented labour markets and overcrowding of the flexible market segment. So stated, this hypothesis implies a way to measure non-open unemployment: by the amount of labour that must be withdrawn from the market for relative wages to change. Indeed, it is possible to undertake the exercise of comparing the actual employment of a country with a simulated ‘non-dualistic’ employment by means of a non-linear input-output model and taking the US wage structure as a benchmark. This simulation experiment was carried out for seven middle-income countries (Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Russia, Mexico, and Turkey) using data from the 2016 Release of the World Input–Output Database. The results of the study are consistent with the disguised-unemployment hypothesis, as well as with related literature.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 634-657
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2135091
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2135091
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# input file: CESR_A_2122407_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Volkan Recai Cetin
Author-X-Name-First: Volkan Recai
Author-X-Name-Last: Cetin
Title: When do public transport investments really matter? A CGE analysis for Türkiye
Abstract: 
 In this study, the economic impact of public transport investments which have been extensively used as an investment policy tool in Türkiye is analysed from different fiscal policy and financing perspectives by employing a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The impact of public transport investments on key economic performance indicators of real GDP growth and unemployment and macroeconomic vulnerability indicators were investigated in alternative scenarios involving such different financing mechanisms as tax revenues, external borrowing, and public–private partnerships. The results assert that public transport investments stimulate economic growth and employment. Nevertheless, the financing mechanism is an essential factor that determines the level of the impact, its sustainability and in some cases its direction.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2122407
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2122407
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# input file: CESR_A_2272213_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Naci Dilekli
Author-X-Name-First: Naci
Author-X-Name-Last: Dilekli
Author-Name: Ignacio Cazcarro
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazcarro
Author-Name: Julio Sánchez-Chóliz
Author-X-Name-First: Julio
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez-Chóliz
Title: Regions may share factors of production, too: Implementation of topologies within the World Trade Model
Abstract: 
 The World Trade Model (WTM), which incorporates input - output data and minimizes global factor costs subject to satisfying demands while being constrained by each region's factor endowments, is one of models based on the principle of comparative advantage. These factor endowments are not necessarily fixed in each region as traditionally posed in most theories, but rather can or de facto be shared across regions. We highlight the importance of this feature for economic modeling, and then introduce an extension for the integration of topological rules into WTM to facilitate the sharing of factors with directionality (one-way or two-way) across regions. A series of numerical examples illustrating a range of sharing scenarios is demonstrated to facilitate an examination of this extension's features. Finally, we discuss the most interesting cases in which this topology can be used, as well as the additional challenges or implementations that can be derived from this work.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 46-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2272213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2272213
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# input file: CESR_A_2213394_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Severin Reissl
Author-X-Name-First: Severin
Author-X-Name-Last: Reissl
Author-Name: Alessandro Caiani
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Caiani
Author-Name: Francesco Lamperti
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamperti
Author-Name: Tommaso Ferraresi
Author-X-Name-First: Tommaso
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferraresi
Author-Name: Leonardo Ghezzi
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghezzi
Title: A regional input-output model of the COVID-19 crisis in Italy: decomposing demand and supply factors
Abstract: 
 We propose an empirically estimated inter-regional input-output model of the Italian economy designed for COVID-19 impact assessment, intended as a tool for public authorities facing comparable adverse events and requiring timely estimates of sectoral and regional economic impacts. We evaluate the contributions of demand- and supply-side factors to output losses in Italy during the pandemic, providing insights on the suitability of demand- and supply-side policies. Supply-side shocks, as a consequence of mandated closures, are the primary driver of output losses only during the nationwide lockdown of spring 2020. During the following stages, changes in final demand due to income losses and changes in mobility play a pivotal role at the aggregate, regional, and sectoral levels. While this result supports demand-side policies, the efficacy of such policies may be hampered when final consumption demand is low chiefly due to reduced mobility rather than income losses.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 100-130
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2213394
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2213394
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# input file: CESR_A_2138271_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Mohammad Masudur Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Masudur
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman
Author-Name: Anna Strutt
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Strutt
Title: Costs of LDC graduation on market access: evidence from emerging Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 We empirically estimate the costs of LDC graduation on market access for Bangladesh using a computable general equilibrium modelling framework. If developed countries impose standard generalized system of preferences (GSP) tariffs while importing from Bangladesh and at the same time Bangladesh eliminates its export subsidies, our modelling suggests that real gross domestic product (GDP) may drop by about 0.38 per cent and exports could fall by about six percent for Bangladesh. The ready-made garment sector could be affected severely, with results suggesting exports could decline by about 14 per cent. Our analysis indicates that the income of urban households could decrease by three per cent, and household consumption may shrink by about four per cent. To minimize these potentially adverse impacts, Bangladesh should aim to ensure market access continues through signing preferential trade agreements. In addition, streamlined subsidy policies, enhanced domestic productivity, export diversification, and increased foreign investment, are likely to be important areas of focus for a smooth LDC graduation.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 24-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2138271
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2138271
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:1:p:24-45



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# input file: CESR_A_2188436_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Claudio Socci
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Socci
Author-Name: Marcello Signorelli
Author-X-Name-First: Marcello
Author-X-Name-Last: Signorelli
Author-Name: Silvia D’Andrea
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Andrea
Author-Name: Stefano Deriu
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Deriu
Author-Name: Francesca Severini
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Severini
Title: The three plans by Biden: effects on economic growth and income inequality
Abstract: 
 The three budgetary plans under Biden’s presidency—the American Rescue Plan, the American Families Plan, and the American Job Plan–encompass a set of measures meant to expand investments, support production processes, stimulate private consumption, and protect the labor market through transfers, tax credits, production subsidies, and federal unemployment benefits. Thus, besides relieving the economic system, these plans aim to drastically reduce poverty. This study attempts to disentangle the direct, indirect, and induced economic effects generated by these plans in a well-defined time-lapse through a dynamic computable general equilibrium model based on the social accounting matrix for the US. This approach enables the simulation of shocks from both the demand and supply sides, as well as policies for income redistribution. The simulation scenarios’ results prove the plans’ effectiveness vis-à-vis economic growth and support to households, as well as the peculiar effects on income inequality.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 70-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2188436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2188436
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:1:p:70-99



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# input file: CESR_A_2272211_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Nina Knittel
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Knittel
Author-Name: Max Tesselaar
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Tesselaar
Author-Name: W. J. Wouter Botzen
Author-X-Name-First: W. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wouter Botzen
Author-Name: Gabriel Bachner
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel
Author-X-Name-Last: Bachner
Author-Name: Timothy Tiggeloven
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiggeloven
Title: Who bears the indirect costs of flood risk? An economy-wide assessment of different insurance systems in Europe under climate change
Abstract: 
 Anticipated increase in future river flood risk highlights the need for effective flood insurance, as it enables hedging against this risk. However, its design varies significantly across countries. This study contributes to the debate on designing flood insurance mechanisms from an economy-wide perspective, considering both socioeconomic and climate changes. We apply a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for 2050 and find that, under current insurance market systems, flood risk causes regional GDP losses of up to −0.5%, societal welfare losses of up to −1%, and private and public consumption losses of up to −0.5% and −2.4%, respectively. These estimates are all relative to a scenario without flood risk. Our results indicate that flood risk intensifies pressure on public budgets. We find that insurance market reforms, including a higher degree of risk-sharing, mandatory purchase requirements, and public reinsurance, can alleviate adverse welfare effects and the burden on public budgets.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 131-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2272211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2272211
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:1:p:131-160



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# input file: CESR_A_2215909_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ran Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Ran
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Haixin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Haixin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Asymmetric tail risk contagion across China’s automotive industrial chain: a study based on input–output network
Abstract: 
 The input-output network of an industrial chain provides a channel for risk transmission. Using Smooth-Transition Vector Autoregression model (STVAR) and Diebold-Yilmaz directional connectedness measures, we explore tail risk (extreme risk) contagion across China’s automotive industrial chain. We find significant spillover effects that are asymmetric in different phases of China’s business cycle, monetary cycle, and policy uncertainty. When China’s economy is in a recession, under a monetary expansion, or at a high level of policy uncertainty, the total risk spillover across the chain is higher. We also find apparent risk spillover from the financial services industries to the automotive industrial chain as China’s economy is in a recession or a monetary expansion period. Still, a reverse spillover is found as policy uncertainty is at a high level. Meanwhile, the direction of risk propagation across the automotive industrial chain may change with the transition in the economic state or policy uncertainty state.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 161-190
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2215909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2215909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:1:p:161-190

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# input file: CESR_A_2159792_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jan Oosterhaven
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterhaven
Title: Price re-interpretations of the basic IO quantity models result in the ultimate input-output equations
Abstract: 
 This note shows that Leontief's well-known demand-driven input–output (IO) quantity model may also be interpreted as the almost unknown revenue-pull IO price model, but measured in value terms instead of in prices. It is also shown how these two demand-driven models may be combined into a single ultimate demand-driven IO equation. An analogous result holds for the supply-driven quantity model and the cost-push price model, which results in a single ultimate supply-driven IO equation. The new price interpretation of the Leontief quantity model opens up hitherto unused possibilities to simulate interindustry demand-driven inflation processes, just as the price interpretation of the Ghosh quantity model enables simulations of supply-driven inflation processes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 191-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2159792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2159792
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:191-200



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# input file: CESR_A_2213392_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ana-Isabel Guerra
Author-X-Name-First: Ana-Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra
Author-Name: Ferran Sancho
Author-X-Name-First: Ferran
Author-X-Name-Last: Sancho
Title: An extension of the hypothetical extraction method: endogenous consumption and the armington treatment of imports
Abstract: 
 The hypothetical extraction method (HEM) is the tool of choice for identifying underlying economic interdependencies. It provides critical information to policymakers regarding the strategic role of different sectors. However, the standard implementation of the HEM does not include the impact that falls on the price structure as a result of the substitution between domestic and imported products that takes place after the extraction of a sector or industry, in this case. We propose to overcome this limitation by extending the HEM using an Armington-Leontief model with endogenous consumption. Unlike the perfect substitution assumption typical of the standard HEM, the Armington assumption with endogenous consumption implies that the shift from domestic inputs to imports affects the cost functions. Therefore, both quantities and prices become endogenous in the ‘post-extraction' equilibrium. We also argue that HEM indicators should be expanded beyond the typical output-related indicators, i.e. value-added, employment, or pollutant levels, so that summary indices of the type more commonly used in economics, such as welfare indicators, are used. We implement this novel approach using the latest input–output data for Spain in 2016.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 319-335
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2213392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2213392
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:319-335



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# input file: CESR_A_2204393_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Kurt Kratena
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt
Author-X-Name-Last: Kratena
Title: Effective demand, wages and prices, and the multiplier
Abstract: 
 The calculation of multipliers is the core of impact analysis with input–output (IO) models. Given this focus of IO modeling on the multiplier, it is remarkable that IO analysis has not contributed to the recent macroeconomic debate on fiscal multiplier heterogeneity. This heterogeneity stems from differences in consumption reactions to income shocks and from downward wage rigidity. Both features are absent in most IO models. In this paper, a macroeconomic IO model with a wage function is set up, where at high unemployment rates, downward wage rigidity allows for large real income and multiplier effects. At full employment, demand shocks mainly induce price adjustments. The model reveals GDP multiplier heterogeneity in line with the recent macroeconomic literature, ranging from 0.3 (boom) to 1.4 (recession). The GDP multiplier result of the standard type II model even outperforms the multiplier in the recession case and therefore is most probably biased.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 226-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2204393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2204393
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# input file: CESR_A_2157249_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Luis Tormo García
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Tormo García
Author-Name: Paz Rico Belda
Author-X-Name-First: Paz Rico
Author-X-Name-Last: Belda
Author-Name: Francisco Morillas Jurado
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Morillas Jurado
Author-Name: Bernardí Cabrer-Borrás
Author-X-Name-First: Bernardí
Author-X-Name-Last: Cabrer-Borrás
Title: A new approach to the hypothetical extraction method: regional full extraction
Abstract: 
 This paper proposes a generalisation of the regional extraction method used by Dietzenbacher at el. [(1993). The regional extraction method: EC input–output comparisons. Economic System Research, 5(2), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/0953-5319300000017]. The production system represented by an input–output table is broken down into three flow matrices: intermediate input, final demand, and value added. The approach of Dietzenbacher et al. (1993) focuses on the input matrix to obtain both the backward and forward dependencies. The present paper, offers an alternative approach includes the final demand matrix to calculate the backward dependencies, while the value-added matrix is included for the forward dependencies. These two approaches are then compared by applying them to the empirical data based on the EUREGIO database. The results indicate that the Dietzenbacher et al. approach underestimates the dependencies, and the difference between these two approaches could lead to a different ranking of the dependence of the regions.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 292-318
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2157249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2157249
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:292-318



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# input file: CESR_A_2137008_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Aleix Altimiras-Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Aleix
Author-X-Name-Last: Altimiras-Martin
Title: A supply-driven model consuming simultaneously all primary inputs: unfolding analytical potential beyond the Ghosh model
Abstract: 
 The Ghosh model fails to endogenise the simultaneous consumption of primary inputs and, consequently, is unused. It is argued that this limitation stems from being specified mirroring the Leontief model. In particular, primary inputs are considered homogeneous and independent despite being heterogeneous and (intersectorally) dependent. A new supply-driven model endogenising the consumption of all primary inputs except the one driving the model is developed. It displays new features: structural linearity and structural variability. An input multiplier analysis illustrates that the new model's total requirements matrix represents the actual structure of the economy, overcoming the Ghosh model's ‘limitation’. Also, it is exemplified how to use complementary information from the Ghosh model to deepen structural analyses. Thus, this paper solves a long-lasting theoretical inconsistency in IO modelling and unfolds new analytical potential, hopefully rekindling the interest in supply-driven analyses.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 249-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2137008
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2137008
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:249-264



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# input file: CESR_A_2170217_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Fernando de la Torre Cuevas
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: de la Torre Cuevas
Author-Name: Xesús Pereira
Author-X-Name-First: Xesús
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira
Author-Name: Edelmiro López-Iglesias
Author-X-Name-First: Edelmiro
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Iglesias
Title: A new alternative for matrix balancing under conflicting information
Abstract: 
 Balancing input–output tables using iterative proportional fitting techniques can be prevented due to conflicting information. What is to be done in such cases? Literature suggests a wide variety of alternative methods. Within iterative proportional fitting techniques, modifying the constraint set to circumvent conflicting information problems has been suggested as a promising avenue. Following this approach, we identify some opportunities for improvement not yet been addressed. As a result of this research, we present an iterative proportional fitting variant. Our algorithm uses information contained in the matrix to be balanced for dynamically modifying our constraint set. We ensure economically meaningful solutions, avoiding unsought sign flips. We also respect all macroeconomic aggregates. To illustrate our findings, we provide an empirical example based on the supply-use tables for the region of Galicia (Northwest Spain). Results suggest that our methodological proposal can yield estimates almost as accurate as other alternatives while avoiding undesired outcomes.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 265-291
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2023.2170217
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2023.2170217
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:265-291



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# input file: CESR_A_2164179_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Louis de Mesnard
Author-X-Name-First: Louis
Author-X-Name-Last: de Mesnard
Title: Input-output price indexes: forgoing the Leontief and Ghosh models
Abstract: 
 In input-output analysis, the Leontief and Ghosh models can be used to determine the price indexes of goods, which is convenient for analyzing inter-industry inflation. Their respective merits are debated, but both provide the same solution. We demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, it is superfluous to use the Leontief or Ghosh model to calculate price indexes: the price index vector alone satisfies the accounting identities without assuming constant coefficients. So, in contrast to the Leontief and Ghosh models, price indexes can be derived ‘instantly’, without a round-by-round process. Conducting research on price indexes deduce from the Leontief or Ghosh model becomes pointless: it suffices to study price indexes deduced from the data. We illustrate these findings with an application for France 2018. The same is demonstrated for prices with the data given in physical quantities.
Journal: Economic Systems Research
Pages: 201-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2164179
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2022.2164179
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Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:36:y:2024:i:2:p:201-225