Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susanna Wolf Author-X-Name-First: Susanna Author-X-Name-Last: Wolf Title: Firm Characteristics of Non-traditional Exporters in Ghana Abstract: In this paper, firm-level panel data from Ghana is used to analyse the firm characteristics that are associated with exporting in the non-traditional agricultural and manufacturing sectors. The focus of the study is on the different relationships in different sectors. The findings show that the number of firms that specialise in exporting is relatively low. While for some sectors the high cost of imports reduces their likelihood to export, for others the use of high quality inputs facilitates exporting. The share of investment seems to have only a positive effect on exporting for agricultural processing. Based on this analysis the appropriateness of different export promotion measures is discussed. Dans cet article, des données de panel au niveau de firmes du Ghana sont utilisées pour analyser les caractéristiques des firmes exportatrices dans les secteurs non traditionnels agricole et manufacturier. Cette étude est centrée sur les différentes relations entre secteurs, ainsi les termes d'interaction entre variables muettes sectorielles et les caractéristiques des firmes sont incluses dans l'analyse économétrique. Les résultats montrent que le nombre de firmes spécialisées à l'exportation est faible. Les entreprises plus anciennes ou plus grandes ont une probabilité plus forte d'exporter mais n'exportent pas une part plus importante de leur production. Alors que dans certains secteurs les coûts élevés des importations réduisent les chances d'exporter, dans d'autres l'utilisation d'intrants de qualité facilite l'exportation. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 391-411 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504420 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504420&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:391-411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andy Sumner Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Sumner Author-Name: Trudy Harpham Author-X-Name-First: Trudy Author-X-Name-Last: Harpham Title: The market for 'evidence' in policy processes: the case of child health policy in Andhra Pradesh, India and Viet Nam Abstract: Research on policy processes has emerged over the last 30-40 years in Northern contexts. Such research has expanded into Southern contexts. An interest in the use of 'evidence' (such as research) in policy processes is a relatively recent phenomenon. There are, to date, relatively few empirical case studies in developing countries. This article seeks to address this gap by providing a comparative case study of two contexts at the opposite ends of the macro-political spectrum: Andhra Pradesh, India - a free participatory democracy with vibrant civil society - and Viet Nam - a society with, historically, more limited political freedom but with some recently introduced participatory processes and a fledgling civil society. We also consider the 'international' policy-making context. Senior policy makers and researchers working in child health policy formation were asked about their perceptions of the use of and quality of 'evidence' in health policy processes. It has been argued that greater levels of democratic freedoms are associated with greater use of evidence in policy processes. Our research challenges this and explores perceptions of the nature of 'evidence' and its use in policy processes. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 712-732 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: policy processes, child health, India, Viet Nam, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802493358 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802493358&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:712-732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesca Severino Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Severino Title: The Term Development in the Thesauri of International Organisations Abstract: This paper analyses the use of the term development in five online thesauri of international organisations: AGROVOC (Food and Agriculture Organisation), EUROVOC (European Union), OECD MACROTHESAURUS (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), UNBIS (United Nations) and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). The main objective of this work is to stimulate thoughts about the cultural value placed on terminology in a multicultural environment. By applying conceptual tools based on philosophical and anthropological knowledge we wish to elucidate the peculiarity of the tool thesaurus in terms of culture. The results we have obtained show that the use of the term development is strictly related to a precise modality of knowledge's arrangement, based on regulating codes that are the results of a historical period and cultural pattern rather than a single definitive assertion. Dans le présent travail, nous nous proposons d'analyser le sens du terme de développement dans cinq thesauri mis en ligne par des organisations internationales, AGROVOC (FAO), EUROVOC (Union européenne), MACROTHESAURUS de l'OCDE (Organisation de coopération et de développement économique), UNBIS (Nations unies) et UNESCO (Organisations des nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture). Notre principal objectif est de stimuler la réflexion sur la valeur culturelle d'une terminologie dans un environnement multiculturel. En utilisant des outils conceptuels mis au point à partir de notions philosophiques et anthropologiques, nous essayons de caractériser la dimension culturelle de l'outil «thesaurus». Nos résultats montrent que l'utilisation du terme de développement est étroitement liée à un mode d'articulation précis des connaissances sous forme de codes de régulation qui relèvent plutôt d'une période historique et d'un modèle culturel donnés que d'une définition universelle et définitive. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 327-351 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289261 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289261&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:327-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Howard Jones Author-X-Name-First: Howard Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Livelihood diversification and moneylending in a Rajasthan village: what lessons for rural financial services? Abstract: The complexity of rural economies in developing countries is increasingly recognised, as is the need to tailor poverty reduction policies according to the diversity of rural households and their requirements. By reference to a village in Western India, the paper examines the results of a longitudinal micro-level research approach, employed for the study of livelihood diversification and use of informal finance. Over a 25-year period, livelihoods are shown to have become more complex, in terms of location, types of non-farm activities, and combinations of activities. Moreover, livelihood pathways taken continue to be critically affected by economic and social inequalities implicit in the caste system and tribal economy. A longitudinal micro-level research approach is shown to be one that can effectively identify the many complexities of rural livelihoods and the continued dependence on the informal financial sector, providing important insights into the requirements for rural financial products and services. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 507-518 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: livelihood diversification, moneylending, rural finance, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245568 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245568&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:507-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maureen Mackintosh Author-X-Name-First: Maureen Author-X-Name-Last: Mackintosh Author-Name: Joanna Chataway Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Chataway Author-Name: Marc Wuyts Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Wuyts Title: Promoting Innovation, Productivity and Industrial Growth and Reducing Poverty: Bridging the Policy Gap Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144202 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144202&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahendra Reddy Author-X-Name-First: Mahendra Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy Title: Modelling Poverty Dimensions of Urban Informal Sector Operators in a Developing Economy Abstract: Rising poverty is a cause of concern for international, regional and local organisations and policy makers. A contributing factor is urbanisation and growth in the urban informal economy which has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the urban formal economy. This study utilises primary data from two cities and a town to examine the contribution of the urban informal sector to employment creation and poverty alleviation. The findings reveal a significant positive contribution of the informal sector towards poverty alleviation and income generation. Les organisations locales, régionales et internationales ainsi que les décideurs politiques sont inquiets face à la montée rapide de la pauvreté. L'expansion du secteur urbain informel qui résulte du processus d'urbanisation a également contribué à l'accroissement de la pauvreté urbaine. La croissance de l'économie urbaine informelle a des conséquences à la fois positives et négatives sur l'économie urbaine formelle. Cette étude se base sur les données primaires de deux grandes villes et d'une ville moins importante pour analyser le rôle du secteur urbain informel dans la création d'emploi et l'atténuation de la pauvreté. Les conclusions montrent que le secteur informel contribue de façon importante à la réduction de la pauvreté et à la génération de revenus. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 459-479 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504461 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504461&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:459-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priya Deshingkar Author-X-Name-First: Priya Author-X-Name-Last: Deshingkar Author-Name: Pramod Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Pramod Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Author-Name: Sushil Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Sushil Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Shaheen Akter Author-X-Name-First: Shaheen Author-X-Name-Last: Akter Author-Name: John Farrington Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Farrington Title: Circular migration in Madhya Pradesh: changing patterns and social protection needs Abstract: Resurveys in six villages in Madhya Pradesh show that contrary to mainstream perceptions, seasonal/circular migration has become more accumulative for the poor over the last five years as new opportunities in urban areas have reduced the uncertainty of finding work, wages have increased and the dependence on contractors has declined. Furthermore, migration is attracting more women and upper castes as traditional restrictions related to manual work break down. Migration has brought greater returns to those with skills or strong social networks. Others, relying on contractors or facing discrimination, have not benefited as much. Nevertheless, migration is viewed by the poor as a strategy for improving household well-being. Migration has reduced borrowing for consumption, improved debt repayment capacity and given migrants greater confidence and bargaining power. The paper concludes that policy should shift towards migrant support away from migration prevention. NGO initiatives that offer lessons for migrant support are reviewed. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 612-628 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: circular migration, poverty, India, gender, caste, social protection, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464920 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464920&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:612-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linda Waldman Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Waldman Author-Name: Andy Sumner Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Sumner Author-Name: Melissa Leach Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Leach Title: Technology, rural dynamics and pro-poor development Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 371-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802273560 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802273560&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:371-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Puente-Rodriguez Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Puente-Rodriguez Title: The Wiphala Genomics: the deployment of molecular markers in small-scale potato crop systems in the Bolivian Andes Abstract: The deployment of molecular markers in the small-scale potato systems in the Bolivian Andes takes place within two contradictory understandings of potato biodiversity. On the one hand, biodiversity is understood as raw material; farmers' varieties have no intrinsic value, value is added by breeders in breeding projects. On the other hand, biodiversity is understood as cultural material; potatoes are final entities created by farmers and therefore they have an intrinsic cultural value. It is argued that the deployment of markers in the cultural understanding of biodiversity (Wiphala genomics) has potentialities to address resource-poor farmers' constraints. Furthermore, the article suggests that some participatory plant-breeding networks are appropriate social platforms for the deployment of molecular markers if the intention is to strengthen both small-scale potato systems and the farmer's position in molecular marker technological systems. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 377-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: sociology, molecular markers, biodiversity, participation, resource-poor farmers, potatoes, Bolivia, the Andes, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245592 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245592&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:377-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terje Tvedt Author-X-Name-First: Terje Author-X-Name-Last: Tvedt Title: International Development Aid and Its Impact on a Donor Country: A Case Study of Norway Abstract: This article argues that it is important to reconstruct and analyse how the international aid system that was established after the Second World War has impacted on the national histories of donor countries. The focus is on what has happened in Norway, using it as an example of how the relationship between national traditions and the international aid system can be studied. The article emphasises the need to develop concepts that can establish analytical distance to the normative and conceptual influence of the powerful rhetoric of the aid system. Based on very extensive empirical research of the Norwegian aid system over many years, the author presents a historical summary of his findings and a set of concepts developed in order to better grasp what has been happening; concepts like 'the southern political system', a national 'do-gooder's regime', a 'strategic communication regime', 'inside aiding', and 'elite circulation'. Cet article soutient qu'il est important d'établir et d'analyser la façon dont le système d'aide au développement, établi à la suite de la seconde guerre mondiale, a influencé l'histoire nationale des pays donateurs. L'étude prend comme exemple le cas de la Norvège pour démontrer la manière dont on peut étudier la relation entre les traditions nationales et l'aide internationale. Il souligne le besoin de formuler les concepts qui peuvent établir la distance analytique vis-à-vis de l'influence normative et conceptuelle de la rhétorique dominante du système d'aide elle-même. S'appuyant sur une recherche empirique très étendue du système norvégien d'aide sur plusieurs années, l'auteur présente un résumé de ses résultats dans une perspective historique. Il développe aussi un ensemble de concepts afin de mieux comprendre ce processus; des concepts tels que « le système politique du Sud », un régime national « bienfaiteur », un « régime de communication stratégique », un système d'aide endogène (« inside aiding »), de rotation des membres de l'élite (« elite circulation ») etc. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 614-635 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667672 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667672&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:614-635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susanne van Dillen Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: van Dillen Title: Income and its variability in a drought-prone region: seasonality, location and household characteristics Abstract: This paper investigates three questions in a poor and drought-prone region of western Orissa, India. Is aggregate income stable? How do a household's characteristics and its local environment influence both the level of its income and its variability? Does a short-lived, common shock cause significant income variability? The study is based on an original, three-season panel data set of 240 households, in which one monsoon season was marked by a severe drought. Aggregate income varied little, but there were considerable fluctuations in individual household incomes across seasons, the main sources of which were idiosyncratic shocks. This suggests that although current programmes are effective in stabilizing aggregate income against drought, massive additional intervention along the same lines is not an efficient way to combat a drought's effects. Rather, it is desirable to promote suitable insurance arrangements to deal with idiosyncratic shocks, measures which would complement those designed to raise incomes permanently. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 579-596 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: poverty, natural hazards, income variability, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464912 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464912&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:579-596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meera Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Meera Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Title: ICTs and poverty reduction: user perspective study of rural Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract: This paper presents findings of a user perspective study on the impact of ICTs (information and communications technology) in rural India. The study is based on primary research conducted by the author in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The aim of the primary research is to explore whether ICTs can be deployed to enable the improvement of rural human capital and increase participation in market opportunities. Amidst growing literature on the supply-side debates on ICTs in the rural sector, this study addresses the sparsely explored demand-side factors. Further, the outcomes of the fieldwork challenge and validate the 'ICT-rural poverty linkages' conceptual framework for ICT growth to be good for poverty, developed by the author in an earlier publication (2006). The paper further identifies issues critical to enhancing the accessibility of ICT services to the poorest rural households. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 448-461 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: ICT, rural poverty, digital divide, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245600 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245600&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:448-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Connie Carøe Christiansen Author-X-Name-First: Connie Carøe Author-X-Name-Last: Christiansen Title: Hometown associations and solidarities in Kurdish transnational villages: the migration-development nexus in a European context Abstract: The politicisation of transnational relations obscures and dichotomises our perceptions of migrants and their development activities in sending societies. A current boost in hometown associations for a cluster of Kurdish villages in Turkey should thus be connected to a more self-conscious transnational component in the village community, rather than to the polarisation among migrants, producing on the one hand developers (of the hometown) and integration activists. Social remittances - ideas, norms and practices transferred by migrants to their sending societies are not widely recognised as promoting development, producing this false dichotomy of migrants. La politisation des relations transnationales obscurcit et tend à polariser nos perceptions des migrants et de leurs activités de développement dans leur société d'origine. L'élan actuel d'associations sises dans le pays d'origine en faveur d'un ensemble de villages kurdes en Turquie devrait être lié davantage à la prise de conscience opérée par la communauté villageoise de sa dimension transnationale plutôt qu'à une polarisation des migrants, qui verrait d'un côté des "développeurs" (du pays d'origine) et de l'autre des militants pour l'intégration. Les transferts sociaux - les idées, les normes et les pratiques véhiculées par les migrants vers leurs sociétés d'origine - ne sont pas reconnus comme des facteurs de développement, ce qui produit cette fausse dichotomie entre les migrants. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 88-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: social remittances, differentiation of migrants, transnational citizenship, state discourses, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853249 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853249&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:88-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gyan Pradhan Author-X-Name-First: Gyan Author-X-Name-Last: Pradhan Author-Name: Mukti Upadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Mukti Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay Author-Name: Kamal Upadhyaya Author-X-Name-First: Kamal Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyaya Title: Remittances and economic growth in developing countries Abstract: This paper examines the effect of workers' remittances on economic growth in a sample of 39 developing countries using panel data from 1980-2004 resulting in 195 observations. A standard growth model is estimated using both fixed-effects and random-effects approaches. The empirical results show a significant overall fit based on the fixed-effects method as the random-effects model is rejected in statistical tests. Remittances have a positive impact on growth. Since official estimates of remittances used in our analysis tend to understate actual numbers considerably, more accurate data on remittances is likely to reveal an even more pronounced effect of remittances on growth. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 497-506 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: remittances, economic growth, panel data, fixed-effects estimation, random-effects estimation, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802246285 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802246285&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:497-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Woll Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Woll Title: Donor harmonisation and government ownership: multi-donor budget support in Ghana Abstract: Multi-donor budget support mechanisms are currently the predominant tool in development cooperation. They are heralded for granting greater autonomy to the recipient government and for increasing its discretion to spend the public budget. To this end, a multi-donor budget support mechanism was established in Ghana in 2003. In order to assure proper management of the public budget, donors pressured for inclusion of a list of reform elements that the government had to implement in order to receive the full funding. To understand whether this type of conditionality can be successful, this article explores the underlying concept of ownership and analyses the power relationships between donors and the recipient. The article illustrates that the Ghanaian government formulated development strategies with a view of pleasing the donors but with little intention to alter conventional patterns of everyday politics. L'aide budgétaire multilatérale est actuellement l'outil le plus utilisé dans la coopération au développement. Il est annoncé comme offrant une plus grande autonomie au Gouvernement bénéficiaire, lui facilitant également l'affectation des montants alloués. Dans cette optique, un système multilatéral d'aide budgétaire a été établi au Ghana en 2003. Afin d'assurer une bonne gestion des fonds publics, les donateurs ont fait pression pour faire inclure une liste d'éléments de réforme que le Gouvernement devait mettre en oeuvre pour recevoir la totalité des fonds. Pour comprendre si ce type de conditionnalité peut porter ses fruits, cet article considère le concept sous-jacent de participation (ownership) et analyse les relations de pouvoir entre les donateurs et les bénéficiaires. Cet article montre que le gouvernement Ghanéen a formulé ses stratégies de façon à faire plaisir aux donateurs sans pour autant avoir la moindre intention de changer le mode de fonctionnement de sa politique au quotidien. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 74-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: Ghana, ownership, harmonisation, multi-donor budget support; poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSP), X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853215 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853215&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:74-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Effie Kesidou Author-X-Name-First: Effie Author-X-Name-Last: Kesidou Author-Name: Adam Szirmai Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Szirmai Title: Local knowledge spillovers, innovation and export performance in developing countries: empirical evidence from the Uruguay software cluster Abstract: This paper examines the importance of local knowledge spillovers for the innovative and export performance of firms in a developing country context. Theoretical and empirical studies in advanced economies underline the significance of local knowledge spillovers for innovation. However, not much is known about whether local knowledge spillovers work similarly in developing countries. This analysis is based on an original innovation survey in the software industry in Uruguay. The survey focuses on the direct identification and measurement of local knowledge spillovers; pure knowledge spillovers are distinguished from commercial knowledge transactions. Both knowledge spillovers and knowledge transactions are measured at the local and at the international level. The study concludes that local knowledge spillovers play a crucial role in enhancing the innovative performance of software firms in Uruguay. However, for the export performance of the firms, international knowledge transactions turn out to be more important than local knowledge spillovers. Local knowledge spillovers may be essential for innovation, but not sufficient for economic success. Firms in developing countries need to be connected to both the local and the international economy. Cet article s'interesse a l'importance des transferts de connaissance au niveau local au regard des performances en matiere d'innovation et a l'exportation des entreprises, dans le cas d'un pays en developpement. Des etudes theoriques et empiriques dans les pays developpes soulignent l'importance des transferts de connaissances au niveau local en ce qui concerne l'innovation. Cependant, il est difficile de dire si ces retombees operent de facon similaire dans les pays en developpement. Cette analyse est basee sur une enquete originale portant sur l'innovation dans l'industrie du logiciel en Uruguay. L'enquete porte plus particulierement sur l'identification et la mesure des transferts locaux de connaissance. Cette etude conclut que ces retombees jouent un role determinant dans le renforcement de la performance en matiere d'innovation des entreprises produisant des logiciels en Uruguay. Cependant, a propos de la performance a l'exportation des entreprises, les transferts internationaux de connaissances deviennent plus importants que les transferts de connaissances au niveau local. Ces derniers sont probablement essentiels pour l'innovation mais insuffisants pour le succes economique. Les entreprises des pays en developpement doivent etre en lien tant avec l'economie locale que l'economie internationale. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 281-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: local knowledge spillovers, innovation, export performance, developing economies, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060769 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060769&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:281-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Nygaard Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Nygaard Title: External support to local institutions: providing political leverage to weaker groups, or sustaining traditional relations of power? Abstract: There is a body of literature showing that donor-supported institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are often captured by local elites, but this literature rarely touches upon whether elite capture is contingent on institutions. However, if this is the case, some institutions may provide political leverage for weaker groups, while others may sustain existing or traditional relations of power. The aim of this study of three cases of donor-supported institutions in Burkina Faso is to understand why close relatives of traditional chiefs invest in gaining control over a municipality, while showing only limited interest in gaining control of village groups and the electricity cooperative. The article argues that while local actors are generally attracted by development rents from donor-supported institutions, relatives of traditional chiefs seem to value the symbolic importance of institutions more than economic resources. The study thus enhances our understanding of mechanisms for access to local donor-supported institutions. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 649-665 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: Local institutions, decentralization, local government, power relations, external intervention, rural electrification, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464938 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464938&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:649-665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Admasu Shiferaw Author-X-Name-First: Admasu Author-X-Name-Last: Shiferaw Title: Competitive Selection and Technological Capabilities in Ethiopian Manufacturing Abstract: This paper examines the entry, survival and exit patterns of Ethiopian manufacturing firms using census-based panel data for the period 1996 to 2002. The evidence reveals an underlying market selection mechanism that reallocates resources towards more efficient producers and forces inefficient firms to close down. This process also contributes to aggregate productivity growth although the manufacturing sector continued to lose productivity due to intra-firm productivity decline. The paper then explores the accumulation of technological capabilities and their role in firm-level productivity growth. Data from a sample survey show a very sparse incidence of innovative activities in Ethiopian manufacturing. Nonetheless, firms that engage in building technical capabilities exhibit higher levels of productivity after controlling for other firm characteristics. The paper concludes that while markets contribute to aggregate productivity growth by exerting competitive selection, long-term industrial competitiveness in developing countries could be stifled because of inadequate technological learning. Cet article s'intéresse aux modes d'entrée, de survie et de sortie de firmes éthiopiennes de produits manufacturés en utilisant des données de panel basées sur un recensement portant sur la période 1996-2002. Les résultats prouvent l'existence d'un mécanisme de sélection de marché sous jacent qui réalloue les ressources vers des producteurs plus efficients et oblige les firmes inefficientes à fermer. Ce processus contribue aussi à agréger des croissances de productivité alors qu'elle diminue dans le secteur en raison d'une baisse de la productivité intra firme. L'article s'intéresse alors à l'accumulation des capacités technologiques, à leur rôle dans la croissance de la productivité à l'échelle de la firme. Les données d'enquêtes montrent une incidence modérée des activités innovantes dans le secteur manufacturé éthiopien. Cependant, en tenant compte des autres caractéristiques des entreprises, celles qui s'engagent dans un processus d'acquisition de capacités techniques montrent des taux de productivité plus élevés,. La conclusion de l'article est la suivante: alors que les marchés contribuent à une meilleure croissance de la productivité grâce à la concurrence, la compétitivité industrielle à long terme dans les pays en développement pourrait être compromise par des modalités d'apprentissage technologique inadéquates. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 118-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144376 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144376&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:118-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorothee Boccanfuso Author-X-Name-First: Dorothee Author-X-Name-Last: Boccanfuso Author-Name: Massa Coulibaly Author-X-Name-First: Massa Author-X-Name-Last: Coulibaly Author-Name: Luc Savard Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Savard Title: Une analyse d'impacts economique et social des reformes economiques et de l'aide publique au developpement au Mali - Un cadre macro-micro Abstract: In this paper, we analyse the coherence of development policies and foreign aid on income distribution and poverty in Mali. These policies are generally analysed independently. We focus our analysis on joint effects of these policies in Mali. We use a macro-micro CGE framework to analyse the coherence of development policies, trade policies, migration and foreign direct investment. Our results illustrate that policies with similar objectives can have quite different and powerful effects on poverty and income distribution. Taken in isolation most policies have a relatively small impact on income distribution with the exception of increases in agricultural world prices. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 519-545 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802248885 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802248885&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:519-545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esha Shah Author-X-Name-First: Esha Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Title: What makes crop biotechnology find its roots? The technological culture of Bt cotton in Gujarat, India Abstract: This paper challenges the framing of debates on crop biotechnology in terms of 'impact assessment' or 'success or failure'. To evaluate the social desirability of technological choice, the paper socio-anthropologically examines the cultural, productive, environmental, and cognitive contexts within which the cotton-growing farmers in Gujarat adopt, develop and diffuse genetically engineered crop biotechnology. The paper shows that crop biotechnology represents a technological culture with a specific value framework which is endorsed commonly by both multinational companies and certain cotton-growing farmers in Gujarat. The cultivation and multiplication of Bt seeds owe their popularity to the fact that genetically modified seed technology did not make any paradigmatic change in the agricultural practices and agrarian relations shaped by the Green Revolution, which has privileged and consolidated the social power of resource-rich farmers. Bt cotton's success is thus part of the successful reproduction of these cotton-growing farmers' historically acquired and culturally consolidated ability to perform with the technology. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 432-447 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: Bt cotton, crop biotechnology, genetically modified organism, technological culture, Gujarat, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245584 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245584&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:432-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Tsegai Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Tsegai Title: Migration as a Household Decision: What are the Roles of Income Differences? Insights from the Volta Basin of Ghana Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of migration decision with a special emphasis on the role of income differences. As migrants are not a random part of the population, the migration equation is corrected for selectivity bias using the Heckman procedure. The data for this study is collected under a Common Sampling Frame approach, which resulted in a wide variety of data sets. Empirical results show the statistically significant effects of income differentials on households' decisions to participate in migration. This result lends credence to the significance of economic incentives on the intra-household migration decision making process. Additionally, factors like migration experience, household size, education, social capital, ethnic networks, off-farm activities, and irrigation also explain migration decisions. Cet article étudie les déterminants de la décision de migration avec un accent particulier mis sur le rôle des écarts de revenues. Le choix des migrants n'étant pas dû au hasard, le biais de sélectivité de l'équation de migration a été corrigé par la procédure de Heckman. Les données de cette étude ont été collectées selon une approche de cadre d'échantillonnage commun (Common Sampling Frame) qui fournit une grande variété de séries de données. Les résultats empiriques montrent des impacts statistiquement significatifs des écarts de revenus sur les décisions de ménages de participer aux migrations. Ils donnent du crédit aux incitations économiques face au processus de prise de décision des ménages. De plus, des facteurs tels des expériences de migrations antérieures, la taille des ménages, l'éducation, le capital social, les réseaux ethniques, les activités non agricoles et l'irrigation expliquent également les décisions migratoires. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 305-326 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289212 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289212&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:305-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. P. C. Rao Author-X-Name-First: K. P. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Rao Title: Changes in dry land agriculture in the semi-arid tropics of India, 1975-2004 Abstract: This paper examines the changes in dry land agriculture between 1975 and 2004, drawing both from macro-level data as well as the Village Level Studies (VLS) data of ICRISAT from six villages in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The long-term panel data facilitate an in-depth analysis of cropping patterns, productivity levels, costs and returns of crop enterprises over time. The contrasting findings about increasing asset prices and declining returns to land and management puzzle the analysts. Equally implausible are the non-viability of agricultural enterprises on one hand and increasing incomes and living standards of the farm house holds on the other. Yet the SAT areas record highest incidence of poverty among the different agro-climatic regions of India. There is a clear dividing line between dry land agriculture and irrigated agriculture in terms of productivity levels, viability, indebtedness and poverty incidence. The government has come out with relief packages for farmers and employment guarantee programmes for the agricultural labourers in these areas. Besides such temporary palliatives, long-term policy biases which caused them need to be set right to make dry land agriculture in the SAT areas viable and competitive. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 562-578 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: dry land agriculture, semi-arid tropics, changes in cropping patterns, village level studies, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802469366 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802469366&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:562-578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erich Gundlach Author-X-Name-First: Erich Author-X-Name-Last: Gundlach Author-Name: Susanne Hartmann Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann Title: Untangling the Quality of Governance from the Level of Income: Are Sub-Saharan African Countries Governed Differently? Abstract: This paper considers the argument about whether Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are mainly poor because they are governed worse than other countries, as suggested by recent studies on the leading role of institutions. Our empirical results show that the supremacy of institutions does not hold: SSA countries appear to face specific development problems in addition to weak institutions. Given their geographic and economic constraints, we conclude that SSA countries are on average no worse governed than other comparable countries. Our finding supports the basic argument of the UN Millennium Project report (2005). Cet article analyse l'hypothèse selon laquelle les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) seraient plus pauvres parce qu'ils sont plus mal gouvernés que d'autres comme le suggèrent des études récentes portant sur la suprématie des institutions. Nos résultats empiriques montrent que l'argument de la suprématie des institutions ne tient pas. Au-delà des problèmes liés à des institutions faibles, les pays d'ASS semblent rencontrer des problèmes de développement spécifiques. Etant donné leurs contraintes géographiques et économiques, nous concluons que les pays d'ASS, en moyenne, ne sont pas plus mal gouvernés que d'autres pays comparables. Nos résultats vont dans le même sens qu'un rapport récent des Nations Unies (UN Millennium Project 2005). Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 503-528 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667441 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667441&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:503-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steen Bergendorff Author-X-Name-First: Steen Author-X-Name-Last: Bergendorff Title: Cultural Complexity and Development Policy Abstract: Since UNESCO launched its 'The Power of Culture - Our Creative Diversity' culture has become an important ingredient in development policy. UNESCO conceptualises culture as an integrative mechanism within which people act. According to this view, development becomes possible if certain aspects of a culture can be changed, whereupon the whole of society will follow suit. Post-modern critics disagree, as they see culture as a site of contestation. In their view, any development project is doomed to fail because it is played out on a political battlefield. This article seeks to move beyond these dichotomous views to investigate how culture matters in development even as it is being contested. Culture is conceptualised as a complex system based on groups and sub-groups which interact in networks, producing cultural traits and local institutions. So, instead of creating new gender roles or introducing democracy, development policies should address the nature of local interaction and the rules upon which it is based. Depuis que l'UNESCO a lancé son rapport>>Power of Culture - Our Creative Diversity>>, la culture est devenue un ingrédient important des politiques de développement. L'UNESCO considère la culture comme un mécanisme d'intégration au sein duquel les gens agissent. Selon ce point de vue, le développement devient possible si certains aspects de la culture peuvent être modifiés, ce qui devrait entraîner des changements pour l'ensemble de la société. Les théoriciens post-modernes s'inscrivent en faux contre cette hypothèse, dans la mesure où pour eux, la culture est un terrain de contestation. Selon leur point de vue, tout projet de développement est condamné à échouer parce qu'il se joue sur les champs de bataille politiques. D'un point de vue conceptuel, toute culture est un système complexe basè sur des groupes et sous-groupes qui interagissent en réseaux produisant des caractéristiques culturelles et des institutions locales. Ainsi, au lieu de créer de nouveaux rapports entre les genres ou d'introduire la démocratie, les politiques de développement devraient s'intéresser à la nature des interactions locales et des règles sur lesquelles elles sont fondées. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 195-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701288974 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701288974&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:195-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Harriss-White Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Harriss-White Author-Name: Supriya Garikipati Author-X-Name-First: Supriya Author-X-Name-Last: Garikipati Title: India's semi-arid rural economy: livelihoods, seasonal migration and gender Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 547-548 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802493267 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802493267&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:547-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kako Kossivi Nubukpo Author-X-Name-First: Kako Kossivi Author-X-Name-Last: Nubukpo Title: L'efficacité de la Politique Monétaire en Situation d'Incertitude et d'Extraversion: Le Cas de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) Abstract: La politique monétaire conduite par la Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) souffre d'une faible efficacité, au regard de l'absence de liaisons existant entre l'objectif de lutte contre l'inflation que l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) lui a assignée et les instruments dont elle dispose (taux d'intérêt directeurs). Elle est également la proie de critiques sur l'absence d'objectif de croissance économique dans son mandat de banque centrale de pays en développement parmi les plus pauvres du monde. L'objectif du présent article est de montrer que certaines spécificités de la zone UEMOA, notamment la prégnance de nombreuses incertitudes dans la zone et la forte extraversion qui caractérise la structure et le fonctionnement de ses institutions, sont à la base de cette inefficacité. Leur prise en compte permet de résoudre certains des paradoxes que suscite la politique monétaire de la BCEAO. Des pistes d'amélioration de l'efficacité de cette politique, ainsi que les modalités d'une redéfinition éventuelle de ses objectifs sont suggérées. The CFA franc is one example of the perpetuation of the (post) colonial link between France and its former African colonies. The BCEAO, which manages the CFA franc in West Africa, runs an inefficient monetary policy, in which there are few linkages between the fight against inflation - a policy established by the WAEMU - and the instruments at disposal, notably its ability to set interest rate ceilings. It also holds in reserve too much exchange with the French Treasury, and although it is the main bank for the poorest developing countries in the world, its objective is not economic growth. Finally, within the bank, there is currently no debate taking place about the opportunity costs of rigidly pegging the CFA to the euro in a context of weak export competitiveness amongst the WAEMU economies and a 'strong' euro. The structure and functioning of WAEMU are highly externally driven. This explains the weakness of monetary policy within the BCEAO. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 480-495 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504479 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504479&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:480-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Hoebink Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hoebink Title: The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it, by Paul Collier; Reinventing foreign aid, edited by William Easterly; Nouvelles migrations latino-americaines en Europe. Bilan et defis, edited by Isabel Yepez and Gioconda Herrera; The gender politics of development: essays in hope and despair, by Shirin M. Rai Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 733-744 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802493432 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802493432&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:733-744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefaan Marysse Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Marysse Author-Name: An Ansoms Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Ansoms Author-Name: Danny Cassimon Author-X-Name-First: Danny Author-X-Name-Last: Cassimon Title: The Aid 'Darlings' and 'Orphans' of the Great Lakes Region in Africa Abstract: This paper looks at the developmental consequences of aid flows on the Great Lakes region in Africa. Our main hypothesis is that political considerations and donor coordination problems still play an important role in directing aid and is much less dependent on objective criteria such as the need for aid or good governance. The region of the Great Lakes in Africa is a good illustration of the 'darlings' versus 'orphans' policy of official development assistance (ODA). Departing somewhat from the dominant pessimist stance on the effectiveness of aid in sub-Sahara Africa we will try to show that overall, the costs of exclusion of certain countries from aid are detrimental for human development. In order to avoid this inclusion/exclusion pattern of aid, a regional donor approach should overarch the dominant country by country donor policy. Cet article essaie d'analyser les conséquences des flux d'aide sur le développement de trois pays dans la région des Grands Lacs d'Afrique. Les considérations politiques et les problèmes de coordination entre bailleurs de fonds mènent à un traitement différencié de la part de la communauté internationale. Ce traitement différencié est une illustration parfaite de la thèse sur l'exclusion/inclusion de certains pays de l'aide internationale. Les conséquences de cette politique, loin d'être le produit d'une rationalité d'aide basé sur les besoins d'aide ou les mérites de gouvernance des pays dépendants, peuvent avoir des effets néfastes en termes de développement. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 433-458 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504453 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504453&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:433-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Alexander Haslam Author-X-Name-First: Paul Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Haslam Title: A 'Flexibility for Development' Index: Can International Investment Agreements be Compared Quantitatively? Abstract: The complexity of the overlapping and intersecting web of international investment agreements makes it difficult to understand their effect on development. This conceptual paper argues that despite the intrinsically organic nature of international investment agreements, it is both possible and useful to compare their texts quantitatively. It advances the proposition by suggesting that IIAs may be scored according to the extent to which they fit the UNCTAD concept of 'flexibility for development'. The principal contribution of this paper is to develop a Flexibility for Development Index. The utility of the Index is demonstrated through a comparison of representative kinds of international investment instruments, including bilateral investment treaties, bilateral free trade agreements, and sub-regional trading agreements. Le maillage complexe des accords d'investissement internationaux (AII) qui se croisent et se recoupent complique sensiblement l'analyse des effets de ces accords sur le développement. Le présent travail de recherche conceptuelle part de l'hypothèse qu'il est à la fois possible et utile de comparer leurs teneurs d'un point de vue quantitatif, malgré le caractère foncièrement organique de ce type d'accord. Nous concrétisons notre hypothèse en proposant de classer les AII en fonction de leur conformité au concept de flexibilité pour le développement défini par la CNUCED. La contribution principale de ce travail réside dans la définition d'un Indice de Flexibilité pour le Développement. L'utilité de cet indice est démontrée à travers une comparaison entre plusieurs types courants d'outils d'investissement internationaux, notamment les traités d'investissement bilatéraux, les accords bilatéraux de libre échange et les accords de commerce sous-régionaux. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 251-273 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289105 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289105&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:251-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Miguel Benavente Author-X-Name-First: Jose Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Benavente Author-Name: Rodolfo Lauterbach Author-X-Name-First: Rodolfo Author-X-Name-Last: Lauterbach Title: Technological innovation and employment: complements or substitutes? Abstract: In this paper we study the impact of innovative activities on employment in Chile. We closely follow a previous work by Harrison, Jaumandreu, Mairesse and Peters (2005) who developed an empirical strategy based on Jaumandreu (2003) which accounts for differences between product and process innovations. Using firm-level micro-data for the period 1998-2001, we find that product innovations affect employment positively and significantly. On the other hand, there is no evidence to suggest that process innovations significantly affect employment after controlling for investment and sectoral patterns. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 318-329 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: process innovation, product innovation, employment, instrumental variables methods, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060744 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060744&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:318-329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kunibert Raffer Author-X-Name-First: Kunibert Author-X-Name-Last: Raffer Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 365-370 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802081005 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802081005&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:365-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Narpat Jodha Author-X-Name-First: Narpat Author-X-Name-Last: Jodha Title: Rural commons and livelihood strategies in dry regions of India Abstract: Rural common property resources (CPRs) in dry tropical areas of India form an important part of people's livelihood strategies, to adapt to harsh, stressful and high risk bio-physical conditions. However, despite their utility and contributions, CPRs have been neglected and declined in the recent decades, following economic, demographic and institutional changes. This has led to community's general disregard of rapidly degrading CPRs. Despite this general trend the CPRs are being productively rehabilitated by small user groups through focusing on specific CPR units in place of addressing the aggregates of CPRs. The paper reports this change by synthesizing the information collected from over 80 villages during 1982-85 and revisits during 1993-2003 to some of the earlier studied villages, in seven states falling in arid and semi-arid regions of India. The paper suggests the need for using the disaggregated approach to complement the usual aggregated approaches for better understanding of the dynamics of CPR change and their better management under the changing circumstances. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 597-611 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: common property resources (CPRs), dry lands, adaptations, CPR units, livelihoods, poverty, degradation, institutions, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464896 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464896&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:597-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steve Miller Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Livingston Armytage Author-X-Name-First: Livingston Author-X-Name-Last: Armytage Title: Legal and judicial reform performance monitoring: the PNG approach Abstract: This paper identifies the dramatic growth in legal and judicial reform across the world of international development assistance, and assesses the particular experience of measuring performance in a substantial reform programme in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The paper provides the case study of building capacity to monitor and evaluate legal and judicial reform in the development context. It offers some fundamental lessons for donors from the initial five years of practice which relate to strategic capacity, incentives, sustainability, resources, timeframe and design approach. Cet article identifie un accroissement important de la réforme juridique et judiciaire dans la sphère de l'aide internationale au développement. Il évalue l'expérience bien particulière qui a consisté à mesurer la performance dans le cadre d'un important programme de réformes en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (PNG). L'article propose une étude de cas sur le renforcement des capacités pour faire le suivi et évaluer la réforme juridique et judiciaire dans le contexte du développement. Tiré de cinq années de pratiques, il adresse quelques leçons importantes aux donateurs relatives aux capacités stratégiques, aux motivations, à la durabilité, aux ressources, aux contraintes temporelles et aux buts poursuivis Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 141-157 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: law, justice, reform, monitoring, evaluation, international, development, PNG, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853330 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853330&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:141-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Kenny Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Kenny Title: What is effective aid? How would donors allocate it? Abstract: There are significant weaknesses in some of the traditional justifications for assuming that aid will foster development. This paper looks at what the cross-national aid effectiveness literature suggests about effective aid, first in terms of promoting income growth and then for promoting other goals. This review forms the basis for a discussion of recommendations to improve aid effectiveness and a discussion of effective aid allocation. Given the multiple potential objectives for aid, there is no one right answer. However, it appears that there are a number of reforms to aid practices and distribution that might help to deliver a more significant return to aid resources. Il y a d'importantes faiblesses dans la pensee traditionnelle qui pretend que l'aide stimulera le developpement. Cet article etudie ce que dit la litterature sur l'efficacite de l'aide internationale a ce sujet, d'abord vis-a-vis de la croissance du revenu, puis au regard de ses autres objectifs. Ce bilan constitue une base pour des recommandations visant a ameliorer l'efficacite de l'aide et pour une discussion sur l'efficacite de l'attribution de l'aide. Etant donne les determinants multiples de l'allocation de l'aide, il n'y a pas une seule bonne reponse. Cependant, un certain nombre de reformes concernant les pratiques et la distribution de l'aide pourrait contribuer a ameliorer le rendement de l'aide. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 330-346 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: aid effectiveness, economic growth, cross-national analysis, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802078704 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802078704&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:330-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ester Gutierrez Author-X-Name-First: Ester Author-X-Name-Last: Gutierrez Author-Name: Sebastian Lozano Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Lozano Title: A cross-national assessment of the situation of women Abstract: In this paper, after reviewing different indexes proposed for measuring the status of women, a list of 39 indicators along four dimensions are identified from two up-to-date database sources. Since the aim is to include in the analysis as many countries as possible and in order to minimize the effect of missing data for two of the dimensions an optimal subset of indicators was selected for three groups of countries separately. A composite index was computed for each dimension and an aggregate index formed. The computed aggregate index has been used to give a good picture of the current situation of women, with the four composite indexes indicating the relative strengths and weaknesses of individual countries. The composite indexes also allow the identification of special cases that should be paid attention with priority as well as the existing imbalances in the degree of women advancement in the essentials dimensions of their lives. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 685-711 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: gender development, status of women, stepwise variable selection, composite indexes, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464904 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464904&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:685-711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joanna Chataway Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Chataway Author-Name: Stefano Brusoni Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Brusoni Author-Name: Eugenia Cacciatori Author-X-Name-First: Eugenia Author-X-Name-Last: Cacciatori Author-Name: Rebecca Hanlin Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlin Author-Name: Luigi Orsenigo Author-X-Name-First: Luigi Author-X-Name-Last: Orsenigo Title: The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) in a Changing Landscape of Vaccine Development: A Public/Private Partnership as Knowledge Broker and Integrator Abstract: Vaccine production is now at the heart of the debate on development. This paper argues that, as well as economic policies to address market failures, development policies aimed at fostering vaccine innovation should also consider the institutional and organisational uncertainties. The International Aids Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), a product development PPP, is attempting to increase vaccine production for neglected diseases by acting both as a broker and integrator of knowledge. Within IAVI and perhaps other PPPs there is a related tension between an emphasis on private pharmaceutical sector efficiency and sustainable development activities that requires understanding and managing if PPPs are to successfully reach their goals. La production de vaccins est maintenant au coeur du débat sur le développement. L'objet de cet article est de montrer que tant les politiques économiques visant les défaillances de marché, que les politiques de développement qui cherchent à promouvoir l'innovation en matière de vaccins devraient s'intéresser aux incertitudes organisationnelles et institutionnelles. L'Initiative internationale de vaccins contre le SIDA (IAVI) issue d'un partenariat public-privé (PPP), essaie d'accroître la production de vaccins pour les maladies négligées en agissant en tant qu'intermédiaire ou intégrateur de savoirs. Dans le cadre de IAVI et peut être d'autres PPP, une condition du succès consiste à comprendre et prendre en compte les tensions existantes entre un accent mis sur l'efficacité du secteur pharmaceutique privé d'une part et des activités de développement durable d'autre part. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 100-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144350 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144350&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:100-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessica Schicks Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: Schicks Title: Developmental Impact and Coexistence of Sustainable and Charitable Microfinance Institutions: Analysing BancoSol and Grameen Bank Abstract: Based on the current discussion of the development of a commercial market segment of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), this paper evaluates the developmental impact of charitable MFIs that rely on subsidies in comparison with sustainable MFIs that operate independently from grant funding. BancoSol from Bolivia serves as a case study of a sustainable MFI. Grameen Bank from Bangladesh represents a charitable MFI. The case studies confirm both the theoretical arguments for sustainable MFIs promoted by the institutionist approach to microfinance and the arguments for charitable MFIs advocated by the welfarist approach. The paper argues that both kinds of MFIs are justified and should continue to coexist. The second part of the paper suggests institutional solutions to facilitate the coexistence of both types of MFIs. Cet article repose sur le débat actuel portant sur le développement d'un segment de marché commercial des institutions de microfinances (IMF). Il évalue les impacts respectifs sur le développement des IMF qui dépendent de subventions et de celles qui en sont indépendantes. La Bancosol de Bolivie représente un exemple d'IMF durable (sustainable MFI) et la Grameen bank du Bangladesh un exemple d'IMF caritative (charitable MFI). Les études de cas confirment à la fois les arguments théoriques, sur les IMF durables appuyés par l'approche 'institutionniste' et les arguments sur les IMF caritatives appuyés par l'approche en termes d'Etat providence. L'article justifie les deux types d'IMF et la nécessité de leur coexistence. La seconde partie de l'article suggère des solutions institutionnelles destinées à faciliter la coexistence de ces deux types d'IMF. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 551-568 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667573 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667573&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:551-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sudip Chaudhuri Author-X-Name-First: Sudip Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhuri Title: The Gap Between Successful Innovation and Access to its Benefits: Indian Pharmaceuticals Abstract: This article examines a paradox. India has received worldwide recognition as a low-cost producer of high-quality drugs. This has contributed to accessibility of drugs abroad and reflects strong innovative capabilities developed in India. Yet at home, most Indian people do not have regular access to essential medicines. The contrast between the success of Indian industrial policy in developing the industry and the failure of Indian health policy in ensuring access to drugs demonstrates starkly the need for integration of industrial and health policies if safe universal access to essential medicines is to be achieved. Cet article analyse un paradoxe. L'Inde est connue pour sa capacité à produire des médicaments de bonne qualité à bas prix. Cela a contribué à rendre ces produits plus accessibles aux populations de différents pays. Cependant, les populations indiennes ont des difficultés à accéder aux médicaments essentiels. Le contraste entre l'agressivité de la politiqueindustrielle et l'incapacité des services de santé à fournir un accès équitable aux médicaments montre le besoin d'intégrer ces deux dimensions si l'on veut plus d'équité en matière d'accès aux soins. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 49-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144293 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144293&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:49-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. S. Clancy Author-X-Name-First: J. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Clancy Title: Are biofuels pro-poor? Assessing the evidence Abstract: Biofuels are back in vogue. They are an attractive substitute for petroleum fuels, representing a relatively low cost alternative. In response to the 1970s oil crises a small number of countries began biofuel programmes, Brazil having the most extensive and well known programme resulting in ethanol being produced commercially as a fuel. Since the turn of the millennium, a number of forces have combined together to promote biofuel production once more: fuel security, high oil prices; environmental concerns linked to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect; rural development and poverty reduction. This paper reviews the evidence as to whether or not biofuels are pro-poor by assessing the impacts on land use (including food security), the local environment, jobs and gender equality. The paper concludes that biofuels are a technical system and it is the institutional structure rather than the technology which determines whether or not biofuels are pro-poor. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 416-431 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: biofuels, rural poverty, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245618 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245618&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:416-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Harriss-White Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Harriss-White Title: Introduction: India's rainfed agricultural dystopia Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 549-561 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802493291 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802493291&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:549-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuelle Lavallée Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuelle Author-X-Name-Last: Lavallée Title: Corruption, Concurrence et Développement: Une Analyse Econométrique à l'Echelle des Entreprises Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 274-304 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289170 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289170&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:274-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Åsa Torkelsson Author-X-Name-First: Åsa Author-X-Name-Last: Torkelsson Author-Name: Bekele Tassew Author-X-Name-First: Bekele Author-X-Name-Last: Tassew Title: Quantifying women's and men's rural resource portfolios - empirical evidence from Western Shoa in Ethiopia Abstract: It has been observed in many places that women access fewer resources than men across the range of resources in rural households. This unequal starting point inhibits the process of resource capitalization of women, and their capacity to move out of poverty. This article assesses the gender asset gap systematically, using data from two formal surveys undertaken in 2006 in rural Ethiopia, covering a probability sample comprising 604 farming women and men. Ethnography is used to assist in the identification of the locally relevant resources, which are organized in accordance with the sustainable livelihoods approach. The empirical analysis is dedicated to the assessment of women's and men's access to the identified range of rural resources, using descriptive statistics, and a specific analytical eye focuses on those women who head their own households. Doing so, the article quantifies the inequalities in resource access of women and men. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 462-481 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: gender, Ethiopia, female-headed households, rural development, livelihoods, social capital, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802237623 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802237623&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:462-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: Hester Le Roux Author-X-Name-First: Hester Le Author-X-Name-Last: Roux Title: Leaving the Household Out of Family Labour? The Implications for the Size-Efficiency Debate Abstract: The debate about the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity has rarely focused on the issue of family labour. We argue that theory about the relative efficiency of such labour is based on simplistic assumptions about its supervisional advantages given a coalescence of intra-household incentives. These assumptions do not take account of the literature on household decision making, which suggests that the incentives of family labour may be far more complex. Nor does it consider the literature on farmworker productivity, which suggests a wider set of factors might lead to efficiency differences between family labour and hired labour. We end by considering the implications of these issues for the literature on farm productivity and on land redistribution. Le débat sur la relation inverse entre la taille et le rendement d'une exploitation agricole s'est rarement intéressé à la main d'oeuvre familiale. Nous soutenons que la théorie sur l'efficacité relative de cette main d'oeuvre est fondée sur des hypothèses simplistes quant aux avantages en matière de supervision à utiliser la main-d'oeuvre familiale eu égard à une combinaison d'incitations intrafamiliales. Ces hypothèses ne prennent pas en compte la littérature sur la prise de décision au sein des ménages qui suggère qu'un éventail plus complexe de facteurs détermine les incitations de la main-d'oeuvre familiale. Le débat ne s'intéresse pas non plus à la littérature sur la productivité des exploitations agricoles qui suggère que les écarts de rendement entre main-d'oeuvre familiale et main-d'oeuvre salariée sont la conséquence d'un éventail de facteurs nettement plus large. Nous terminons en considérant les implications de ces discussions pour la littérature sur la productivité des exploitations agricoles et sur la redistribution des terres. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 355-371 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504412 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504412&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:355-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thandika Mkandawire Author-X-Name-First: Thandika Author-X-Name-Last: Mkandawire Title: Transformative Social Policy and Innovation in Developing Countries Abstract: Social policy is today receiving greater attention in the field of development studies. Much emphasis is placed on the important issues of reproduction, redistribution and social protection. However, in the context of development, one must add to these concerns the vital issue of production. This article argues that social policy can be innovation-enhancing, through its effects on human capital and skill formation; its capacity to alleviate risk and uncertainty by underpinning the social pacts necessary for managing the contractual nature of labour markets; its incorporation of labour into the saving-investment regime and inducement of long-term perspectives in the financial sector; and its contribution to political stability. These roles underscore the transformative role of social policy that is often overlooked. The recognition of these roles is quite recent in the case of developed countries and much more research is required, with special attention to the problems of catching up. Les politiques sociales sont l'objet d'une attention renouvelée dans le domaine du développement. On y donne une importance grandissante aux questions de reproduction, de redistribution et de protection sociale. Cependant on doit y ajouter les questions de production. L'article part de l'hypothèse que les politiques sociales peuvent être source d'innovation, grâce à leurs effets sur le capital humain et la formation; leurs capacités à réduire le risque et l'incertitude en mettant l'accent sur les accords sociaux qui doivent réguler les marchés du travail; les liens entre travail et épargne et leurs conséquences sur le secteur financier et leur contribution à la stabilité politique. La reconnaissance de ces effets des politiques sociales est très récent dans le cas des pays développés et nous avons besoin de plus de recherche sur ces questions. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 13-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144236 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144236&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:13-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert-Enéas Gakusi Author-X-Name-First: Albert-Enéas Author-X-Name-Last: Gakusi Author-Name: Michel Garenne Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Garenne Title: Socio-political and Economic Context of Child Survival in Rwanda over the 1950-2000 Period Abstract: Before 1965, under-five mortality was declining in Rwanda, from an estimated value of 346 per 1,000 in 1950 to 229 per 1,000 in 1965. Then it rose for about 12 years to 261 per 1,000 in 1977, to decline again, reaching a level of 132 per 1,000 in 1990. The 1991-2000 period witnessed a major peak of mortality in 1994 and another peak in 1998. This paper explores reasons for these significant changes in mortality. The 1965-77 period was marked by severe difficulties after independence in 1962, due to the sudden departure of expatriates, the relative international isolation, the lack of international aid, the flight of educated persons of Tutsi origin, and possibly the departure of herders and their cattle following ethnic conflicts between Hutu and Tutsi during the 1959-66 period. During the 1977-90 period, social indicators became more favourable, with the increasing benefits from earlier social investments, higher openness to international markets, more international aid and more internal political stability. The peaks in mortality of 1994 and 1998 are due to the genocide and its aftermaths. This study is an illustration of complex relationships between economic, socio-political contexts and their different health outcomes expressed in terms of under-five mortality. Au Rwanda, la mortalité infanto-juvénile était en baisse avant l'indépendance obtenue en 1962. Elle passe de 346 pour 1000 en 1950 à 229 pour 1000 en 1965. Puis, elle augmente pendant environ 12 ans pour atteindre 261 pour 1000 en 1977, puis baisse de nouveau jusqu'à 132 pour 1000 en 1990. La période de 1991 à 2000 est complexe et a connu deux pics de mortalité en 1994 et en 1998. Cet article explore les raisons de ces changements significatifs de la mortalité. La période de 1965 à 1977 est marquée par de grandes difficultés après l'indépendance, en raison du départ soudain du personnel médical expatrié, de l'isolement international relatif, du manque d'aide internationale, de l'exil des personnes instruites d'ethnie tutsi et, peut-être, du départ de certains éleveurs avec leur bétail à la suite des conflits interethniques qui se sont succédés de 1959 à 1966. De 1977 à 1990, les indicateurs sociaux deviennent plus favorables, profitant des investissements sociaux de la période précédente, d'une plus grande ouverture aux marchés internationaux, de plus d'aide internationale et de stabilité politique. Les sommets de mortalité de 1994 et 1998 s'expliquent par la guerre civile, le génocide de 1994 et leurs conséquences. Cette étude est une illustration de rapports complexes entre les contextes économiques et sociopolitiques et les indicateurs de santé publique, exprimés ici en termes de mortalité des enfants de moins de cinq ans. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 412-432 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504446 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504446&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:412-432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suma Athreye Author-X-Name-First: Suma Author-X-Name-Last: Athreye Author-Name: Sachin Chaturvedi Author-X-Name-First: Sachin Author-X-Name-Last: Chaturvedi Title: Industry Associations and Technology-based Growth in India Abstract: The study of industry associations occupies an uneasy ground in development economics. There is much empirical work that shows that industry associations fulfil important developmental roles in developing countries, often compensating for inadequacies in the business environment. Yet their status as institutions capable of generating growth is compromised because of the rent-seeking behaviour they embody. We study two different technology-based industries, namely software services and biotechnology, both of which formed industry associations to influence government policy and to aid the growth of their member firms, paying attention to their motivations for setting up, detailing the policies they sought to influence and their success as organisations. L'étude des associations d'industrie occupe une position difficile dans l'économie du développement. De nombreux travaux empiriques montrent que les associations d'industrie remplissent un rôle important dans les pays en développement où elles compensent souvent un environnement des affaires inadéquat. Leur rôle en matière de développement et leur impact sur la croissance sont maintenant compromis en raison de comportements de rente. Nous étudions deux industries technologiques, à savoir les services logiciels et les biotechnologies, qui ont toutes les deux créé des associations d'industrie afin d'influer sur les politiques gouvernementales et afin d'appuyer la croissance de leurs membres, en accordant de l'attention à leur motivations d'implantation, en précisant les politiques qu'elles cherchent à influencer et les raisons de leurs succès en tant qu'organisation. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 156-173 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144426 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144426&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:156-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paola Criscuolo Author-X-Name-First: Paola Author-X-Name-Last: Criscuolo Author-Name: Rajneesh Narula Author-X-Name-First: Rajneesh Author-X-Name-Last: Narula Title: A novel approach to national technological accumulation and absorptive capacity: aggregating Cohen and Levinthal Abstract: The paper develops a more precise specification and understanding of the process of national-level knowledge accumulation and absorptive capabilities by applying the reasoning and evidence from the firm-level analysis pioneered by Cohen and Levinthal (1989, 1990). In doing so, we acknowledge that significant cross-border effects due to the role of both inward and outward FDI exist and that assimilation of foreign knowledge is not only confined to catching-up economies but is also carried out by countries at the frontier-sharing phase. We postulate a non-linear relationship between national absorptive capacity and the technological gap, due to the effects of the cumulative nature of the learning process and the increase in complexity of external knowledge as the country approaches the technological frontier. We argue that national absorptive capacity and the accumulation of knowledge stock are simultaneously determined. This implies that different phases of technological development require different strategies. During the catching-up phase, knowledge accumulation occurs predominately through the absorption of trade and/or inward FDI-related R&D spillovers. At the pre-frontier-sharing phase onwards, increases in the knowledge base occur largely through independent knowledge creation and actively accessing foreign-located technological spillovers, inter alia through outward FDI-related R&D, joint ventures and strategic alliances. En s'appuyant sur l'analyse initiée par Cohen et Levinthal (1989, 1990), cet article améliore la compréhension du processus d'accumulation de savoirs au niveau national et des capacités d'absorption au niveau des entreprises. Ce faisant nous reconnaissons l'existence d'effets transfrontaliers importants dus au rôle des IDE entrants et sortants et que l'assimilation de savoirs étrangers ne concerne pas les seules économies en rattrapage mais est aussi réalisée par les pays en phase de partage de frontière (frontier-sharing phase). Nous postulons une relation non linéaire entre la capacité d'absorption nationale et l'écart technologique, due à la nature cumulative du processus d'apprentissage et à la complexité croissante des connaissances externes au fur et à mesure que le pays s'approche de la frontière technologique. Nous défendons l'idée que la capacité d'absorption nationale et l'accumulation de savoirs sont simultanément déterminées. Cela implique que des phases de développement technologique différentes nécessitent des stratégies différentes. Au cours de la phase de rattrapage, l'accumulation de savoirs s'effectue essentiellement par le commerce et/ou par les retombées sur la R&D des IDE entrants. A partir de la phase de prépartage de frontière (pre-frontier-sharing phase), l'amélioration des connaissances intervient en grande partie au travers de la création de savoirs indépendants et de l'accès activement recherché aux retombées technologiques localisées à l'étranger, entre autres au travers des retombées sur la R&D d'IDE sortants, d'entreprises conjointes et d'alliances stratégiques. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 56-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: absorptive capacity, knowledge accumulation, technology gap, foreign direct investment, technological development, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853181 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853181&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:56-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin Barnes Author-X-Name-First: Justin Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes Author-Name: Mike Morris Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Title: Staying alive in the global automotive industry: what can developing economies learn from South Africa about linking into global automotive value chains? Abstract: The insertion of the South African automotive industry into the global mainstream of vehicle manufacturing highlights a number of valuable analytical lessons for developing country automotive economies. The global value chains that dominate the automotive industry have fostered substantial upgrading within the South African automotive industry but pervasive international trends also limit the opportunities for value addition and more substantial increases in vehicle output. Key trends in this regard relate to tightening market conditions in the developed economies into which South African vehicle producers and automotive component manufacturers supply, excess global production capacity and the emergence of new low cost production locations principally in Asia. The benefits to the South African automotive industry of engaging in global value chains are clear but the long term sustainability and development of the industry remain in question. The importance of industrial policy in shaping any national industry's insertion into global value chains, as well as the need for ongoing upgrading and adoption of world class manufacturing standards is stressed as pivotal to maximising the gains that can be derived from insertion into global automotive value chains. L'insertion de l'industrie automobile sud-africaine dans les flux mondiaux de l'industrie des véhicules permet de tirer un certain nombre de leçons précieuses pour l'industrie automobile des économies en développement. La mondialisation de la chaîne de valeur a encouragé la modernisation substantielle de ce secteur en Afrique du Sud. Mais les tendances internationales limitent par ailleurs les possibilités d'accroître la valeur ajoutée ainsi que la production automobile. A cet égard, les éléments clés sont l'étroitesse des marchés des pays développés clients des producteurs automobiles et des équipementiers sud-africains, un excès de la capacité de production mondiale et l'émergence de localisations de production à bas coût, essentiellement en Asie. L'intérêt de l'industrie automobile sud-africaine à s'engager dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales est clair mais la viabilité et le développement du secteur à long terme demeurent problématiques. L'importance de la politique industrielle dans la détermination de l'insertion d'industries nationales dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales ainsi que le besoin constant de modernisation et d'adoption de normes internationales sont présentés comme des éléments clés pour maximiser les gains tirés de l'insertion dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales du secteur automobile. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 31-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: global automotive value chains, industrial policy, world class manufacturing, South Africa, competitiveness, developing economy automotive producers, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853157 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853157&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:31-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wietse Vroom Author-X-Name-First: Wietse Author-X-Name-Last: Vroom Title: Redesigning biotechnology: experiences of a public-private partnership in the development of pro-poor transgenic cabbages in India Abstract: This article discusses the attempts of a public-private consortium in developing transgenic cabbages for resource-poor farmers in India, and its attempts to address several controversial issues related to the use of transgenic technology in plant breeding. A conceptual introduction suggests that the material design of biotechnologies has important relations with the social relations of the production system in which they are applied. A reconsideration of the role of external technology suppliers in agriculture therefore may require a reconsideration of technical design as well. The discussion of a concrete case demonstrates that redesign can take place in various ways; with respect to the concrete design of a technological object, as well as with respect to the wider societal trends it supports. However, in spite of the observed reflexivity of the project, it is argued that direct stakeholder involvement in the process of technology design remains problematic. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 399-415 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: agro-biotechnology, public-private partnership, technological redesign, stakeholder involvement, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245576 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245576&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:399-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaan Masso Author-X-Name-First: Jaan Author-X-Name-Last: Masso Author-Name: Priit Vahter Author-X-Name-First: Priit Author-X-Name-Last: Vahter Title: Technological innovation and productivity in late-transition Estonia: econometric evidence from innovation surveys Abstract: There is growing interest in modelling the relationship between innovation and productivity in developing and transition economies due to their attempts to establish knowledge-based economies and to increase business R&D. Our paper investigates whether there is a significant relationship between technological innovation and productivity in the manufacturing sector of Estonia. We use firm-level data for the analysis from two waves of Community Innovation Surveys (CIS3 and CIS4) from 1998-2000 and 2002-2004, which is then combined with lead financial data about firms from the Estonian Business Register in order to study the effect of innovation on future performance. We apply a structural model that involves a system of equations on innovation expenditure, innovation outcome and productivity. Our results show that during 1998-2000 only product innovation increased productivity, while in 2002-2004 only process innovation had a positive effect on productivity. This can probably be explained by the different macroeconomic conditions in the two periods. Il existe un interet croissant a la modelisation des relations entre innovation et productivite dans les pays en developpement et en transition qui cherchent a promouvoir l'economie de la connaissance et la R&D dans les entreprises. Notre article s'interroge sur l'importance de la relation entre innovation technologique et productivite dans le secteur manufacturier en Estonie Nous utilisons des donnees d'entreprises pour analyser deux vagues d'enquetes communautaires d'innovation (C3S3 et CIS4), celles de 1998-2000 et de 2002-2004, qui sont ensuite combinees avec des donnees financieres avancees du registre des entreprises estoniennes, dans le but d'etudier les effets de l'innovation sur les performances futures. Nous appliquons un modele structurel qui comporte un systeme d'equations sur les depenses d'innovation, le revenu de l'innovation et la productivite. Nos resultats montrent que durant la periode 1998-2000, seule l'innovation concernant les produits a un effet positif sur la productivite alors qu'en 2002-2004, seul le processus d'innovation a un effet positif sur la productivite. Ceci s'explique probablement par des conditions macroeconomiques differentes entre les deux periodes. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 240-261 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: productivity, innovation, Estonia, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060751 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060751&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:240-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arild Schou Author-X-Name-First: Arild Author-X-Name-Last: Schou Title: Demand-driven Poverty Programmes and Elite Capture in Malawi: Between Prebendalism and Benevolence Abstract: This paper challenges a widespread assumption in recent research on demand-driven development programmes according to which the main obstacle to successfully reaching the extreme poor lies in kleptocratic behaviour among elites. In the case of Malawi's social funds, it is found that programme funds were relatively equally distributed across regions and districts and that the elite capture at these levels was minimal. At sub-district levels, however, there were grave inequalities between traditional authority areas. This distributional pattern clearly bears witness to an active developmental role of traditional authorities in these areas - partly controlling for these areas' size, socio-economic status and closeness to the project headquarters. In the concluding part, I discuss the developmental role - in terms of benevolence and prebendalism - of traditional authorities at community level and point towards areas needing further research. Cet article met en question une hypothèse largement répandue dans les recherches récentes sur les programmes de développement axés sur la demande, selon laquelle le principal obstacle empêchant d'atteindre les très pauvres consisterait en des comportements 'cleptocrates' parmi les élites. Dans le cas des fonds sociaux du Malawi, il apparaît que les fonds des programmes ont été distribués de façon relativement équitable à travers les régions et les districts et qu'à ces niveaux l'accaparement par les élites a été minime. Au niveau des sous-districts, cependant, se sont produites de graves inégalités entre les zones d'autorité traditionnelles. Ce modèle distributif atteste clairement le rôle actif que jouent les autorités traditionnelles en termes de développement - en contrôlant en partie la taille de ces régions, leur statut socio-économique et leur proximité du siège du projet. Pour conclure, j'examine le rôle dans le développement - en termes de charité et de 'prébendalisme' - joué par les autorités traditionnelles au niveau de la communauté et montre les domaines nécessitant de plus amples recherches. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 594-613 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667649 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667649&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:594-613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pasquale Tridico Author-X-Name-First: Pasquale Author-X-Name-Last: Tridico Title: Institutions, Human Development and Economic Growth in Transition Economies Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss whether human development was concurrent with economic growth during the transition towards a market economy in Central Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The main hypothesis is that economic growth is not always concurrent with human development. Using an OLS model, human development variables were correlated with GDP per capita. The results suggest that in transition economies human development is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for economic growth. A Granger causality test confirms this finding. Therefore, investing in human development is crucial for obtaining GDP growth. However, since human development is strictly correlated with institutions, appropriate institutional policies are crucial to a development process. Dans cet article, on se demande si le développement humain va de pair avec la croissance économique dans la période de transition en Europe de l'Est et Centrale et dans l'ex-URSS. L'hypothèse principale est que la croissance économique ne contribue pas toujours au développement humain. L'utilisation d'un modèle MCO (moindres carrés ordinaires) montre que les variables de développement humain étaient corrélées avec le niveau de PIB par tête. Le résultat suggère que dans les pays en transition, le niveau de développement humain est une condition suffisante mais pas nécessaire pour la croissance économique. Un test de causalité de Granger confirme une telle relation. Il devient dès lors crucial de s'intéresser au développement humain dans une perspective de croissance économique. Cependant, si le développement humain est strictement corrélé avec les institutions, les politiques institutionnelles sont déterminantes pour le processus de développement. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 569-593 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667607 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667607&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:569-593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Can Huang Author-X-Name-First: Can Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Mingqian Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Mingqian Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Yanyun Zhao Author-X-Name-First: Yanyun Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao Author-Name: Celeste Amorim Varum Author-X-Name-First: Celeste Amorim Author-X-Name-Last: Varum Title: Determinants of exports in China: a microeconometric analysis Abstract: Based on data from more than 100,000 Chinese manufacturing firms, this study explores the reasons for the recent surge of manufacturing exports from China. Research and Development (R&D) investment has not been a contributing factor to the export success of Chinese firms, even in high-technology sectors. Although exportation of high-technology products has been dominated by foreign manufacturing firms, domestic firms have invested more heavily in R&D than their foreign counterparts. The role of low labour cost in the rise of the Chinese manufacturing industries is inconclusive as suggested by the econometric evidence. However, the major contributors to the increase in Chinese exports are collaboration with foreign investors and fierce domestic competition. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 299-317 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: export competitiveness, R&D, manufacturing firms, processing trade, China, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060793 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060793&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:299-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Lawson Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson Author-Name: Simon Appleton Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Appleton Title: Child Health in Uganda: Policy Determinants and Measurement Abstract: This paper uses data on anthropometric status and reported illness in Uganda to estimate the socio-economic determinants of children's health. After controlling for endogeneity, we find higher household income greatly raises child health. Parental education also improves the health of pre-schoolers when measured by anthropometric indicators, but not when measured by reported illness. This suggests a serious reporting bias with using the reported illness as a health indicator for children and raises questions over the reliability of such data for future empirical analysis. No consistent benefits for child health are identified from policy variables for water, infrastructure or local health services. Cet article étudie les déterminants de la décision de migration avec un accent particulier mis sur le rôle des écarts de revenus. Le choix des migrants n'étant pas dû au hasard, le biais de sélectivité de l'éuqation de migration a été corrigé par la procédure de Heckman. Les données de cette étude ont été collectées selon une approche de cadre d'échantillonnage commun (Common Sampling Frame) qui fournit une grande variété de séries de données. Les résultats empiriques montrent des impacts statistiquement significatifs des écarts de revenus sur les décisions de ménages de participer aux migrations. Ils confirment l'importance des incitations économiques pour le processus de prise de décision des ménages. De plus, des facteure tels des expériences de migrations antérieures, la taille des ménages, l'éducation, le capital social, les réseaux ethniques, les activités non agricoles et l'irrigation expliquent également les décisions migratoires. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 210-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289022 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289022&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:210-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naima Pagès Author-X-Name-First: Naima Author-X-Name-Last: Pagès Title: Hétérogénéité du travail et développement en Côte d'Ivoire: une analyse à partir des dynamiques productives et spatiales Abstract: This paper deals with the foundation of labour heterogeneity in Côte d'Ivoire, in the case of enterprises by questioning the insertion process in the international economy and in the case of small productive units by analysing the insertion process in the local economy. The study uses detailed survey datasets collected from 1998 to 2000, for enterprises and urban small productive units in Abidjan and several secondary cities. It shows that labour heterogeneity is the result of actors' coordination modalities under uncertainty and of productive and spatial discontinuities in the case of a rent-oriented accumulation regime in crisis. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 117-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: labour, development, enterprises, small production, vulnerability, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853298 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853298&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:117-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julio Raffo Author-X-Name-First: Julio Author-X-Name-Last: Raffo Author-Name: Stephane Lhuillery Author-X-Name-First: Stephane Author-X-Name-Last: Lhuillery Author-Name: Luis Miotti Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Miotti Title: Northern and southern innovativity: a comparison across European and Latin American countries Abstract: This paper compares the role of innovation and economic performance across European and Latin American countries, using firm-level data from France, Spain, Switzerland, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. We implement a standard structural model linking R&D intensity, innovation and productivity. We find evidence revealing structural differences between Europe and Latin America, but also the presence of heterogeneity within each. In particular, firms tend to engage in innovation activities in order to achieve better economic performance on a similar basis among countries, but their interaction with national systems is weaker in developing countries. The fact of being a foreign subsidiary of a foreign multinational is found to have a heterogeneous effect on innovativity, whereas it leads to increased productivity in every country. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 219-239 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: R&D, innovation, productivity, developing countries, MNEs, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060777 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060777&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:219-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Micheline Goedhuys Author-X-Name-First: Micheline Author-X-Name-Last: Goedhuys Author-Name: Norbert Janz Author-X-Name-First: Norbert Author-X-Name-Last: Janz Author-Name: Jacques Mairesse Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Mairesse Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen Title: Micro-evidence on innovation and development (MEIDE): an introduction Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 167-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802080973 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802080973&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:167-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Niaz Asadullah Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Niaz Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah Title: Sense in sociability? Maternal education, social capital and child schooling in rural Bangladesh Abstract: Using detailed micro-data on social relations and networks from rural Bangladesh, this paper examines the social determinants of children's schooling in a developing country. We employ a comprehensive set of controls for parental sociability and NGO membership as proxies for family social capital. We find no evidence that parental sociability bolsters child outcomes as inputs in the educational production function or indirectly via boosting maternal social knowledge, which is an important predictor of children's educational status. On the other hand, the effect of maternal social knowledge prevails even when we additionally control for neighbourhood-level unobservables and maximum education level of the household. To be precise, we find no evidence to suggest that 'social' parents are 'better' parents: social knowledge endowment of mothers is not related to their sociability. Rather, educated parents and those with higher unobserved taste for child quality have better social knowledge irrespective of their sociability. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 482-496 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: economic development, maternal education, micro-credit, social capital, social network, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802245626 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802245626&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:482-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastião Loureiro Author-X-Name-First: Sebastião Author-X-Name-Last: Loureiro Author-Name: Bruno Simões Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Author-X-Name-Last: Simões Author-Name: Erika Aragão Author-X-Name-First: Erika Author-X-Name-Last: Aragão Author-Name: Fabio Mota Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Mota Author-Name: Hamilton Moura Author-X-Name-First: Hamilton Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Author-Name: Luciano Damasceno Author-X-Name-First: Luciano Author-X-Name-Last: Damasceno Title: Diffusion of Medical Technology and Equity in Health in Brazil: an Exploratory Analysis Abstract: This paper provides an exploratory empirical analysis of the relationship between the increasing diffusion of innovative medical technology and inequities in access to medical care, for the case of Brazil. The paper examines the spread at state level of three types of equipment emblematic of medical innovation: magnetic resonance, tomography and dialysis machines. The data analysis indicates that the diffusion of new medical technology is positively associated with average state incomes, and that inequalities of access had widened over time. The results suggest that to decrease inequities in access to innovative medical technology requires higher public investment and priority allocation to deficit areas. Cet article propose une analyse empirique de la relation entre diffusion d'une technologie médicale de pointe au Brésil et les inéquités en matière d'accès aux soins de santé. L'article examine la diffusion de trois types d'équipement au niveau des Etats: les IRM, le scanner et les machines de dialyse. L'examen des données montre que la diffusion de la nouvelle technologie médicale est associée positivement avec les revenus publics, et que les inégalités d'accès ont augmenté avec le temps. Les résultats suggèrent que pour faire baisser les inéquités dans ce domaine, il faut des investissements prioritaires dans les régions déficitaires. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 66-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144319 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144319&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:66-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphael Kaplinsky Author-X-Name-First: Raphael Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplinsky Title: Book Review Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 352-353 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289303 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289303&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:352-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Lund Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Lund Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 496-501 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701504487 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701504487&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:496-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maureen Mackintosh Author-X-Name-First: Maureen Author-X-Name-Last: Mackintosh Author-Name: Paula Tibandebage Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Tibandebage Title: Competitive and Organisational Constraints on Innovation, Investment and Quality of Care in a Liberalised Low-income Health System: Evidence from Tanzania Abstract: International health policy proposals increasingly emphasise health system strengthening and innovation. In a context of liberalised provision, the scope for innovative health system rebuilding depends on the viability, effectiveness and capabilities of the non-governmental providers. Yet the research literature examining the market behaviour of private health care firms in developing countries, and the incentive structures and constraints they face, remain limited. We demonstrate here the extent of perverse health care market dynamics found in Tanzania in the late 1990s, in relation to patients' need for reliable health care, and show that the financial and operating fragility of the firms constrained investment and innovation. We aim to focus attention on the challenge for innovative approaches to poverty reduction represented by the current market and business structure of health care in low-income countries and to discuss some policy implications. Les propositions de politiques de santé internationales mettent l'accent sur le renforcement des systèmes de santé et l'innovation. Dans un contexte de libéralisation des services, les possibilités pour la reconstruction de systèmes de santé innovants dépendent de la viabilité, de l'efficacité et des capacités des fournisseurs non gouvernementaux. Pourtant, la littérature universitaire portant sur le comportement de marché des entreprises privées du système de soins de santé dans les pays en développement et les structures incitatives, de même que les contraintes auxquelles elles ont à faire face, reste limitée. Nous montrons ici combien la dynamique de marché concernant le système de soins est illogique, par rapport aux besoins des patients, en Tanzanie, à la fin des années 1990. Nous montrons que la fragilité financière et d'exploitation des firmes entrave l'investissement et l'innovation. Notre but est d'attirer l'attention sur les défis des approches innovantes envers la réduction de la pauvreté, représentées par les structures productives et commerciales actuelles des soins de santé dans les pays à faible revenu et d'examiner certaines mesures qui pourraient en découler. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 81-99 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144335 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144335&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:81-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Supriya Garikipati Author-X-Name-First: Supriya Author-X-Name-Last: Garikipati Title: Agricultural wage work, seasonal migration and the widening gender gap: evidence from a semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh Abstract: In India, there are large gender disparities in ownership of agricultural land and the state's poverty alleviation programmes mainly target landless male labourers. Given these conditions, agricultural wage work was the only avenue through which poor rural women could expect to become financially independent and combat iniquitous social norms. This development paradigm was the guiding force behind the feminization of agricultural wage work in India. This study investigates the linkages between female work and empowerment implicit to the process of feminization for the semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh. We find that women here are heavily involved in agricultural wage work mainly because better paying work like self-employment and seasonal migration are beyond the reach of most women. As a result women's wages, working conditions and relative power within the household remain acutely depressed. Furthermore, evidence suggests that income from seasonal migration is causing the wealth gap between men and women to widen. Policies with a clearer focus on improving women's off-farm opportunities and those that challenge patriarchal control over productive assets are required. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 629-648 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: wage work, seasonal migration, gender, semi-arid, Andhra Pradesh, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464870 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464870&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:629-648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo J.R. Guimarães Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo J.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Guimarães Title: Searching for the Vulnerable: A Review of the Concepts and Assessments of Vulnerability Related to Poverty Abstract: This paper provides a review of the literature on vulnerability related to poverty. It provides a consistent definition and a general review of the existent theoretical and empirical models and, based on the surveyed contributions, points out the differences, the main limitations and the possible research perspectives on the theoretical analysis and modelling of vulnerability related to poverty. The paper shows that the current analyses have assessed vulnerability from two distinct perspectives, considering vulnerability either as uncertain welfare or as lack of entitlements. It suggests that each assessment determines important differences in the research agenda on vulnerability related to poverty and implies some advantages and disadvantages in terms of the validity (capacity to translate an abstract concept), reliability (the quality of the data), consistency (logical and theoretical soundness), intelligibility (the clarity of the message that it embodies) and feasibility of the measures of vulnerability proposed. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 234-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701289063 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701289063&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:234-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Renato G. Flôres Author-X-Name-First: Renato G. Author-X-Name-Last: Flôres Author-Name: Maria Paula Fontoura Author-X-Name-First: Maria Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Fontoura Author-Name: Rogério Guerra Santos Author-X-Name-First: Rogério Guerra Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Title: Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers in Portugal: Additional Lessons from a Country Study Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Portuguese manufacturing sectors. It improves on previous studies by considering the choice of the most appropriate interval of the technological gap for spillovers diffusion. Sectoral variation in the coefficients of the spillover effect is also allowed for. Idiosyncratic factors are identified by means of a fixed effects panel model and positive inter-sectoral spillovers are also examined. Significant spillovers require a proper technological differential between foreign and domestic producers and favourable sectoral characteristics. They may occur in modern industries in which the foreign firms have a clear, but not too sharp, edge on the domestic ones. Agglomeration effects are also a pertinent specific influence. Ce texte examine les répercussions des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) sur la productivité des secteurs manufacturiers au Portugal. La spécification du modèle est améliorée par le choix de l'intervalle le plus approprié de l'écart technologique pour la diffusion des spillovers. Nous tenons également compte des variations sectorielles dans les coefficients de spillovers; des facteurs sectoriels idiosyncrasiques sont identifiés au moyen d'un modèle à effets fixes. Les spillovers intersectoriels positifs sont examinés. Des spillovers importants requièrent un véritable écart technologique entre producteurs étrangers et domestiques ainsi que des caractéristiques sectorielles favorables. Ils peuvent se produire dans les industries modernes où les entreprises étrangères jouissent d'une supériorité nette, mais pas trop marquée. Les effets d'agglomération exercent aussi une influence spécifique pertinente. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 372-390 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701507126 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701507126&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:372-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Micheline Goedhuys Author-X-Name-First: Micheline Author-X-Name-Last: Goedhuys Author-Name: Norbert Janz Author-X-Name-First: Norbert Author-X-Name-Last: Janz Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen Title: What drives productivity in Tanzanian manufacturing firms: technology or business environment? Abstract: Using cross-sectional firm-level data, this paper examines the determinants of productivity among manufacturing firms in Tanzania. In particular, it seeks to evaluate the relative importance of technological advances and the business environment in which firms operate in affecting productivity. Of the technological variables, R&D as well as product and process innovation, licensing of technology, and training of employees fail to have any impact; only foreign ownership, ISO certification and higher education of the management appear to affect productivity. Some important influences from the broader business environment, however, appear to affect productivity and are robust to different specifications of the model. Credit constraints, administrative regulatory burdens and a lack of business support services depress productivity; membership of a business association is associated with higher productivity. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 199-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: productivity, technology, R&D, innovation, business environment, Tanzania, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060785 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060785&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:199-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anh Ngoc Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Anh Ngoc Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Author-Name: Ngoc Quang Pham Author-X-Name-First: Ngoc Author-X-Name-Last: Quang Pham Author-Name: Chuc Dinh Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Chuc Dinh Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Author-Name: Nhat Duc Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Nhat Duc Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Title: Innovation and exports in Vietnam's SME sector Abstract: Innovation has long been considered an important factor for creating and maintaining the competitiveness of nations and firms. Common knowledge holds that innovation causes an increase in exports. However, contradicting empirical evidence is reported in the literature on the links between innovation and export. In this paper we examine whether innovation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) enhances their likelihood of exporting in the context of the developing country of Vietnam. Using a uniquely rich Vietnamese SMEs database, we find that innovation as measured directly by 'new products', 'new production process' and 'improvement of existing products' are important determinants of exports by Vietnamese SMEs. We add to the current literature by examining the modification of existing products as an innovation activity. We also find evidence of endogeneity of innovation that may lead to biased estimate of innovation in previous studies, which failed to take this problem into account. L'innovation a longtemps ete consideree comme un element important dans la creation et le maintien de la competitivite des pays et des entreprises. Il est souvent convenu que l'innovation est a la base de l'augmentation des exportations. Cependant, il existe des resultats empiriques contradictoires sur la causalite entre l'innovation et l'exportation dans la litterature. Dans cet article, nous etudions si l'innovation menee par de petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) augmente leur probabilite d'exportation dans le contexte d'un pays en voie de developpement, le Vietnam. A partir d'une base de donnees fournie sur les PMEs vietnamiennes, nous constatons que l'innovation en 'nouveaux produits', 'nouveaux processus de production' et 'amelioration des produits existants' est un facteur important pour les exportations des PMEs vietnamiennes. Nous contribuons a la litterature actuelle en etudiant la modification des produits existants comme activite d'innovation. Nous trouvons egalement une preuve de l'endogeneite de l'innovation qui a pu mener a une evaluation de l'innovation biaisee dans les etudes precedentes, qui n'ont pas tenu compte de ce probleme. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 262-280 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: innovation, exports, Vietnam, SME, instrumental variable, bivariate probit, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060801 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060801&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:262-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reza Hasmath Author-X-Name-First: Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Hasmath Title: The big payoff? Educational and occupational attainments of ethnic minorities in Beijing Abstract: Ethnic minority development in Beijing has been marred by deep-seated historical experiences of strained ethnic relations. In spite of this situation, this article demonstrates that ethnic minorities in the capital city have achieved greater educational attainments than the dominant, Han group. Yet, when it comes to their occupational outcomes in high-wage, education-intensive (HWEI) sectors, minorities seemingly pay an 'ethnic penalty'. That is, the Han demographic are disproportionately represented in HWEI occupational sectors. Building upon previous evidence, this article discusses this discrepancy and offers suggestions for improvement. Le développement de minorités ethniques dans Pékin a été marqué par un long passé de relations ethniques tendues. Malgré cette situation, cet article démontre que les minorités ethniques dans la capitale réussissent à atteindre un niveau d'éducation plus élevé que le groupe Han dominant. Pourtant en ce qui concerne leur réussite professionnelle dans les secteurs à qualification et salaire élevés (HWEI), les minorités semblent payer une « pénalité ethnique ». Autrement dit, d'un point de vue démographique, les Han sont sur représentés dans les secteurs professionnels HWEI. Se référant à des études existantes, l'article examine ce décalage et suggère des solutions pour améliorer la situation. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 104-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: ethnic minorities, education, employment, China, Beijing, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853280 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853280&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:104-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Simonetti Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Simonetti Author-Name: Marc Wuyts Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Wuyts Author-Name: Anna Wuyts-Fivawo Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Wuyts-Fivawo Title: Banking on Rural Innovation for Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Value-chain Lending in Mozambique Abstract: Coordination failures due to the absence of markets are a key constraint to the development of rural production in low-income countries. This paper shows how GAPI, a domestic financial institution in Mozambique, has contributed to poverty reduction through successful industrial ventures. GAPI's innovative lending strategy is based on the integration of supply of credit with the active improvement of the borrowers' ability to repay loans through the provision of business services, a value-chain approach to lending that focuses on the viability of whole networks of producers, and partnerships with non-market institutions that provide centres of specific competencies. Les défauts de coordination dus à l'absence de marchés sont des contraintes au développement de la production du secteur rural dans les pays en développement. Cet article montre comment GAPI, une institution financière du Mozambique, a contribué à réduire la pauvreté grâce à des entreprises industrielles. La stratégie de prêts innovante de GAPI est basée sur l'intégration de l'offre de crédit, avec des améliorations rapides dans la capacité de remboursement des prêts par la fourniture de services commerciaux. Cette approche des prêts en termes de chaîne de valeur se concentre sur la viabilité de l'ensemble du réseau de producteurs et sur les partenariats avec des institutions non marchandes que fournissent des compétences spécifiques. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 136-155 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144392 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144392&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:136-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Federica Misturelli Author-X-Name-First: Federica Author-X-Name-Last: Misturelli Author-Name: Claire Heffernan Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Heffernan Title: What is poverty? A diachronic exploration of the discourse on poverty from the 1970s to the 2000s Abstract: Poverty is central to the concept of development. However, the relevance given to particular aspects of poverty has changed over the years and with it the manner in which poverty has been represented. The following paper explores how concepts of poverty within the 'poverty discourse' have altered over a 30-year period. A diachronic analysis is performed to explore changes in the topical and thematic composition of the definitions, in addition to the manner in which poverty has been 'framed'. The results illustrated that poverty was variably framed across the decades ranging from a 'neutral' fact to a highly contested state with little agreement over causes and consequences. Nevertheless, the relational analysis revealed the de-problematization of poverty over time. The finding has clear implications for development praxis: poverty needs to be 'attacked', but the root causes, at least from a discursive perspective, may be ignored. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 666-684 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: poverty, discourse, development, diachronic analysis, the poor, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802464888 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802464888&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:666-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Gore Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Gore Title: Which Growth Theory is Good for the Poor? Abstract: Neoclassical and new endogenous growth theories based on an aggregate production function and general equilibrium framework are not good for the poor because their conceptual structure does not enable a good explanation of growth-poverty relationships. Alternative growth theories, which take account of the technological capabilities of economic agents and their institutional matrix, the dynamics of production structures and the role of demand, in contrast, are good for the poor in this sense. Bridging the gulf between policies to promote technological progress and policies to promote poverty reduction is best achieved through the development of productive capacities and expansion of productive employment opportunities based on a synthesis of these alternative growth theories. La théorie néoclassique et les nouvelles théories de la croissance endogène basées sur une fonction de production agrégée et un modèle d'équilibre général ne fournissent pas une bonne explication des relations entre pauvreté et croissance. Il faut des théories alternatives, qui prennent en compte les capacités technologiques des agents et leur environnement institutionnel, les dynamiques des structures de production et le rôle de la demande. Ces théories alternatives pourraient fonder des stratégies de développement des capacités productives et des emplois mieux à même de réduire l'écart entre les politiques qui promeuvent le progrès technologique et celles qui s'intéressent à la réduction de la pauvreté. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 30-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144269 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144269&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:30-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk-Jan Koch Author-X-Name-First: Dirk-Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Koch Author-Name: Judith Westeneng Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Westeneng Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben Title: Does Marketisation of Aid Reduce the Country-level Poverty Targeting of Private Aid Agencies? Abstract: This article addresses the question whether private aid agencies (PAAs) that operate in a market-like environment prefer to target different countries compared to their counterparts that operate in a more protected environment. The mainstream view is that competition for funds leads to a focus on middle-income countries where PAAs can easily obtain results. An alternative view considers PAA country choice more dependent on donor priorities. We collected data on aid allocation from 15 private agencies in Germany, Norway and the United States. The German organisations, which operate in the most protected environment, are least focused on the politically and economically poorly performing countries, whereas Norwegian and US-based private agencies show a higher degree of poor-country targeting. These results suggest that critics of marketisation may overestimate its pitfalls regarding country allocation. The poor-country targeting of PAAs proved to be related to the country choices made by bilateral donors, indicating the merit of the slipstream hypothesis. Cet article pose la question de savoir si les destinataires de l'aide des agences privées qui travaillent dans un environnement concurrentiel sont différents de ceux des agences d'aide qui travaillent dans un environnement plus protégé. Traditionnellement on considère que la concurrence pour l'obtention des fonds tend à favoriser les pays à revenus intermédiaires où les agences d'aide privées peuvent plus facilement obtenir des résultats. Une vision alternative considère que le choix des pays par les agences d'aide privées dépend plus des priorités des donateurs. Nous avons rassemblé des données sur l'allocation de l'aide par 15 agences privées d'Allemagne, de Norvège et des Etats Unis. Les organisations allemandes qui opèrent dans un environnement plus protégé sont moins centrées sur les pays peu performants d'un point de vue économique et politique alors que les agences provenant de Norvège et des Etats Unis ciblent plus facilement les pays pauvres. Ces résultats suggèrent que les critiques de la marchandisation de l'aide surestiment probablement les écueils liés à son allocation. Le ciblage des pays pauvres par les agences d'aide privées est fortement induit par les choix des donateurs bilatéraux indiquant ainsi les mérites de l'hypothèse alternative. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 636-657 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667730 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667730&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:636-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruce Guenther Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Guenther Title: The Asian drivers and the resource curse in Sub-Saharan Africa: the potential impacts of rising commodity prices for conflict and governance in the DRC Abstract: This paper builds on the growing literature on the political resource curse by highlighting the potential impacts of risitarianing global commodity prices on good governance and peace-building in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It confirms the existence of the connection between natural resource dependence, armed conflict and weak governance, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. By focusing on the Democratic Republic of Congo, the paper contributes to the ongoing resource curse literature by highlighting the role of various mineral resources, the geographical distribution of such resources as well as the role of international state and non-state actors. The paper argues that the recent shift in the global terms of trade in favour of hard commodities due to the growing demand of China and India will present significant challenges for governance and peace-building as state and non-state actors attempt to gain control over lucrative natural resource rents. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 347-363 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: Asian drivers, resource curse, minerals, conflict, Democratic Republic of Congo, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802078712 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802078712&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:347-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. K. Bhaumik Author-X-Name-First: S. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaumik Author-Name: S. Gangopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gangopadhyay Author-Name: S. Krishnan Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnan Title: Policy, economic federalism, and product market entry: the Indian experience Abstract: Productivity growth has long been associated with, among other things, contestability of markets which, in turn, is dependent on the ease with which potential competitors to the incumbent firms can enter the product market. There is a growing consensus that in emerging markets regulatory and institutional factors may have a greater influence on a firm's ability to enter a product market than strategic positions adopted by the incumbent firms. We examine this proposition in the context of India where the industrial policies of the 1980s and the 1990s are widely believed to be pro-incumbent and pro-competition, respectively, thereby providing the setting for a natural experiment with 1991 as the watershed year. In our analysis, we also take into consideration the possibility that the greater economic federalism associated with the reforms of the 1990s may have affected the distribution of industrial units across states after 1991. Our paper, which uses the experiences of the textiles and electrical machinery sectors during the two decades as the basis for the analysis, finds broad support for both these hypotheses. La croissance de la productivité a longtemps été associée, entre autres, avec la contestabilité des marchés, qui à son tour dépend de la facilité avec laquelle des concurrents potentiels pour les entreprises en place peuvent entrer sur le marché. Il existe un consensus croissant sur le fait que, sur les marchés émergents, les facteurs institutionnels et régulateurs peuvent avoir un meilleur impact sur la capacité des entreprises à pénétrer un marché que des stratégies adoptées à cet effet par les entreprises en place. Cette hypothèse est examinée dans le cas de l'Inde, où il est communément admis que les politiques industrielles des années 1980 avaient été favorables aux entreprises en place alors que celles des années 1990 se montrèrent plus ouvertes à la concurrence; cela fournit ainsi le cadre d'une expérience naturelle où 1991 est considéré comme l'année charnière. Notre analyse considère également que le fédéralisme économique plus important associé aux réformes des années 1990 pourrait avoir affecté la répartition géographique des activités industrielles entre les différents Etats. Notre article, en s'appuyant sur les cas des secteurs du textile et des équipements électriques au cours des deux décennies, fournit des arguments en faveur de ces deux hypothèses. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 1-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: entry, institutions, regulations, India, textiles, electrical machinery, reforms, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701853124 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701853124&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:1-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah White Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Shyamol Choudhury Author-X-Name-First: Shyamol Author-X-Name-Last: Choudhury Title: The Politics of Child Participation in International Development: The Dilemma of Agency Abstract: This paper explores the politics of agency expressed through child participation in international development. Empirically it focuses on Bangladesh, highlighting in particular the experience of one children's organisation. It asks how dynamics have changed over time, and what participation has meant for the children and their families. It raises three major challenges for the current practice of child participation: the need to re-emphasise the priority of survival rights; the danger of 'projectisation', and the need to pay critical attention to the resources through which children's agency is built, and the very different models of development they reflect. Cet article s'intéresse à la politique portant sur le rôle des enfants en tant qu'acteurs du développement international. De façon empirique, il se base sur le cas du Bangladesh, en s'appuyant sur l'expérience d'une organisation pour la protection de l'enfance. Il considère l'évolution au fil du temps ainsi que les conséquences de la participation sur les enfants et leurs familles. L'étude met en avant trois défis importants dans la pratique actuelle de la politique de la participation des enfants: le besoin de souligner à nouveau la priorité du droit de l'enfant à la survie, le danger de la « projetisation » et l'importance d'accorder une attention critique aux ressources permettant de construire la capacité d'action des enfants ainsi qu'aux modèles de développement très différents que celles-ci reflètent. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 529-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667508 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810701667508&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:529-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Author-X-Name-First: Banji Author-X-Name-Last: Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Author-Name: Padmashree Gehl Sampath Author-X-Name-First: Padmashree Gehl Author-X-Name-Last: Sampath Title: Learning Through Inter-Organisational Interactions: Public Research Institutes in the Nigerian Biopharmaceutical System of Innovation Abstract: Using field-level data collected in Nigeria in 2003-04, this paper examines the possibilities for learning through inter-organisational interactions in biotechnological systems of innovation, using public research institutes as an example. The paper considers interactions to be all forms of formal and informal linkages and contacts between various agents in the system of innovation, such as firms, universities, traditional medicine practitioners, hospitals and other external agencies. Using results obtained in the survey and the experiences of other countries that have succeeded in developing biotechnological capacity, critical interactions and scope for policy interventions are discussed. En utilisant des données de terrain collectées au Nigeria en 2003-2004, cet article examine les possibilités d'apprentissage à travers les interactions organisationnelles dans les systèmes d'innovations biotechnologiques, en s'appuyant sur l'exemple d'instituts de recherche publics. Il considère que les interactions correspondent à tous les liens formels et informels ainsi que les contacts entre les divers agents du système d'innovation, tels que les entreprises, les universités, les praticiens de la médecine traditionnelle, les hôpitaux et autres agences externes. En s'appuyant sur les résultats obtenus dans cette enquête et les expériences de pays qui ont remporté des succès en matière d'accroissement de capacités biotechnologiques, des interactions décisives et des possibilités d'interventions sont discutées. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 174-193 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810601144483 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810601144483&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:174-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bronwyn Hall Author-X-Name-First: Bronwyn Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Alessandro Maffioli Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Maffioli Title: Evaluating the impact of technology development funds in emerging economies: evidence from Latin America Abstract: Evaluations of government Technology Development Funds (TDF) in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Panama are surveyed. All the evaluations were done at the recipient (firm) level using data from innovation surveys, industrial surveys, and administrative records of the granting units, together with quasi-experimental econometric techniques to minimise the effects of any selection bias. TDF effectiveness is found to depend on the financing mechanism used, on the presence of non-financial constraints, on firm-university interaction, and on the characteristics of the target beneficiaries. Four levels of potential impact were considered: R&D input additionality, behavioural additionality, increases in innovative output, and improvements in performance. The evidence suggests that TDF do not crowd out private investment and that they positively affect R&D intensity. In addition, participation in TDF induces a more proactive attitude of beneficiary firms towards innovation activities. However, the analysis does not find much statistically significant impact on patents or new product sales and the evidence on firm performance is mixed, with positive results in terms of firm growth, but little corresponding positive impact on measures of firm productivity, possibly because the horizon over which the evaluation was conducted was too short. Cet article passe en revue les evaluations des fonds de developpement technologique (TDF) des gouvernements de l'Argentine, du Bresil, du Chili et du Panama. Toutes les evaluations ont ete menees au niveau du recipiendaire (l'entreprise) a l'aide des donnees des enquetes sur l'innovation, des enquetes industrielles et des donnees administratives des organismes subventionneurs et a l'aide de techniques econometriques quasi experimentales afin de minimiser les effets de biais de selection. Il est montre que l'efficacite des TDF depend du mecanisme de financement utilise, de la presence de contraintes non-financieres, des interactions entre entreprises et universites et des caracteristiques des beneficiaires vises. Les effets des subventions sont analyses a quatre niveaux: la R&D, le comportement innovateur, l'ampleur de l'innovation et les performances des entreprises. Il y a de bonnes raisons de penser que les TDF n'evincent pas les investissements prives et qu'ils affectent positivement l'intensite en R&D. De plus, la participation au TDF incite les entreprises beneficiaires a une attitude plus pro-active au travers de leurs activites innovantes. Cependant, l'analyse ne revele pas d'impact significatif statistiquement sur les depots de brevets ou les ventes de nouveaux produits et l'impact sur la performance des firmes est mitige, avec des resultats positifs en termes de croissance de l'entreprise mais avec peu d'impact induit sur la mesure de la productivite des firmes, probablement parce que l'evaluation a ete realisee sur une periode trop courte. Journal: The European Journal of Development Research Pages: 172-198 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2008 Keywords: innovation and R&D, policy evaluation, X-DOI: 10.1080/09578810802060819 File-URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/09578810802060819&magic=repec&7C&7C8674ECAB8BB840C6AD35DC6213A474B5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:172-198