Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Edgar Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Edgar Author-Name: Joe Doherty Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Doherty Title: SUPPORTED HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Abstract: This paper considers the nature of support in housing as a solution to homelessness and the way in which it has developed across Europe. The paper begins by considering the nature of support in relation to housing and suggests a typology to provide a framework for discussing the relationship between the accommodation and care perspectives involved in supporting a person to live independently in the community. There follows a consideration of the nature of support in housing which examines the different approaches to the provision of support and housing in Europe. This section examines the development and form of provision of support in housing in different welfare systems. This understanding is then employed to identify the nature of the contribution of supported housing to the solution to homelessness. The role is examined in greater detail by examination of the use of supported housing for people with a mental illness. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 59-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:59-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans Lind Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Lind Title: RENT REGULATION: A CONCEPTUAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Abstract: Rent regulations can take many forms and have different purposes. It is argued that the often-used distinction between first- and second-generation rent control is too crude to be useful. Five main types of rent control are identified instead. The first dimension concerns whether the control covers rent changes for sitting tenants or rents generally. The second dimension is whether the aim is to protect the tenants against rents over the market level, against sudden big increases in rents or if the aim is to keep rents permanently below market levels in attractive areas. The typology is used to classify and compare the rent control systems in a number of European countries and North American cities. It is also used to describe typical patterns of change from 'harder' to 'softer' rent controls. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 41-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:41-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duncan MacLennan Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: MacLennan Author-Name: Alison More Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: More Title: CHANGING SOCIAL HOUSING IN GREAT BRITAIN: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Abstract: During the 1990s, as social housing throughout Europe experienced budget cuts, the British response involved adopting a more European approach. A market for social housing finance has been successfully created. Major contrasts with Europe remain, particularly the dominance of municipal housing. Continuing fiscal stringency, system difficulties and new models for demunicipalization are creating pressures for further change. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 105-134 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:105-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Reviews Journal: Pages: 135-141 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:135-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pascal De Decker Author-X-Name-First: Pascal De Author-X-Name-Last: Decker Title: JAMMED BETWEEN HOUSING AND PROPERTY RIGHTS: BELGIAN PRIVATE RENTING IN PERSPECTIVE Abstract: In contrast to many other Western countries, the private rented sector is still of major importance in Belgium. On average its market share is around 28 per cent, increasing to 50 per cent or more in the major cities. Moreover, unlike many other countries, private renting is not subject to tight rent controls. On the contrary, rents are generally set freely and tenure security regulations are weak. This article summarizes the development of housing policy in Belgium in general and the legislation governing the private rented sector in particular. It then presents a profile of the private rented sector, including its tenant, landlords and dwellings. It goes on to review critically the existing legal framework that governs the sector and highlights the main problems that arise from this framework. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 17-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:17-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Notes on Contributors Journal: Pages: 143-144 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clodagh Memery Author-X-Name-First: Clodagh Author-X-Name-Last: Memery Title: THE HOUSING SYSTEM AND THE CELTIC TIGER: THE STATE RESPONSE TO A HOUSING CRISIS OF AFFORDABILITY AND ACCESS Abstract: The exceptional economic growth in the Republic of Ireland in the 1990s, which has led to Ireland's description as the 'Celtic Tiger', has been paralleled by rapidly rising house prices, increased waiting lists for social housing provision, rapidly rising rent levels in the largely unregulated private rented sector and subsequent increases in homelessness throughout the 1990s. Consequently Ireland has a crisis of housing affordability and access for many households on low to average incomes or benefit dependent. This paper sets the context for economic growth in Ireland, and then examines how the lack of planning for housing provision in a period of sustained economic growth has assisted in creating the current housing crisis. Particular focus is paid to the State's response to the housing crisis from 1997 to 2000 when a plethora of fiscal steps were taken in relation to the housing market which fuelled the boom further. These fiscal policies are examined in light of the impact of Ireland's entry into Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the Irish political environment which leads government to take short-term populist steps, which quickly cause further house price increases. The State response to the demand for affordable accommodation is also examined and questions are raised regarding the approach and the ability to deliver the required housing. Overall the lack of coherent understanding of the operation of the Irish housing system by the State, calls into question how long economic growth can continue whilst Irish housing creaks under the strain across all tenures. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 79-104 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:79-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Malpass Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Malpass Title: THE RESTRUCTURING OF SOCIAL RENTED HOUSING IN BRITAIN: DEMUNICIPALIZATION AND THE RISE OF 'REGISTERED SOCIAL LANDLORDS' Abstract: This article starts from the observation that social rented housing in Britain is in transition. Evidence is presented to show the emerging importance of not-for-profit registered social landlords, and the growing significance of stock transfer associations (formed from within the public sector), but the main purpose of the article is to look at explanations for the current restructuring process. The article provides a critique of established broad-brush perspectives on tenure change in capitalist societies, arguing that they provide no purchase on the contemporary transfer of large amounts of local authority stock to not-for-profit organizations. The final section looks at changes in housing in terms of the wider restructuring of the welfare state and reviews three different approaches to the explanation of the rise of registered social landlords: the promotion of competition through quasi-markets, the apparent resurgence of the voluntary sector and the transition to post-Fordism. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110036427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110036427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Journal: Pages: 321-321 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110109688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110109688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:321-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natasha Pichler-Milanovich Author-X-Name-First: Natasha Author-X-Name-Last: Pichler-Milanovich Title: URBAN HOUSING MARKETS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: CONVERGENCE, DIVERGENCE OR POLICY 'COLLAPSE' Abstract: The focus of this paper is on the effects of housing privatization reforms in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s in the context of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. The paper analyses the similarities and differences between Central and Eastern European countries in the process of housing privatization as a consequence of the specific historical 'pathdependency' process, economic and institutional development, cultural and political choice. Housing privatization is an urban phenomenon and the effects of housing reforms are mostly visible in large (capital) Central and Eastern European cities. Housing privatization reforms attempt to promote market efficiency and distributional equity objectives in the operation of (urban) housing markets. These effects are mostly visible in the form of: tenure change, differentiation in house prices, use of the housing stock, management and maintenance activities, mobility, residential differentiation, property rights regulations (i.e. zoning, rules, property register, condominium law, tax, etc.) and institution building and strengthening. It is argued that housing privatization reforms in Central and Eastern Europe did not achieve the stated objectives. The only objective that has been fulfilled is the control over budget expenditure for macroeconomic reasons, and rise in home ownership. The overall performance does not support 'convergence' towards establishment of efficient and equitable markets, but rather a 'policy collapse' with significant effects on polarization between and within urban housing markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 145-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083416 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:145-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Lux Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Lux Title: SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, POLAND AND SLOVAKIA Abstract: This article provides a comparative description of the development of the social housing sector in three transitional countries during the 1990s. Several features of social housing in the EU countries are mentioned to establish the indicators used as the methodological base for a critical evaluation of the development of social housing in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The indicators mainly reflect the targeting of supply- and demand-side housing subsidies, and the existence or quality of new legislation governing the operation of social housing in these countries. A brief description of housing reforms, changes in tenure structure and the social consequences of slow process of the transformation of rental housing is added. Though many problems remain unsolved the situation in Poland seems to be the most promising of the three countries studied because the new legislation allows for new social housing construction, and old housing policy measures were adopted to be targeted at households in real social need. In contrast, the low standard of 'social housing' legislation and the maintenance of non-targeted rent regulation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia do not improve housing affordability for lower income households. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 189-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:189-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews Author-X-Name-First: Kaliopa Dimitrovska Author-X-Name-Last: Andrews Author-Name: Richard Sendi Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Sendi Title: LARGE HOUSING ESTATES IN SLOVENIA: A FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWAL Abstract: Some of the problems associated with large housing estates in Western Europe are emerging in Slovenia. Others, such as vacancies and high turnover, have yet to become significant problems in Slovenia. Moreover, the problems arising from poor construction are far less prevalent in Slovenia than in the West due to greater regulating control over construction standards after 1963 aimed at protecting buildings from earthquakes. Following the extensive privatization of the social housing stock after 1991, a range of new problems have emerged in Slovenia. There are already indications that the unsuccessful handling of maintenance problems after the introduction of housing reform, coupled with the absence of relevant legislative backup, may lead to the worsening of living conditions in some of the country's large housing estates. Owing also to the growing socio-economic polarization of the inhabitants as a consequence of the shift to a market-based economy, the transition period has also been marked by a slow but steady trend of outward migration of better-off households from large housing estates to more favourable locations. Consequently, there is a risk that, in the first place, the large housing estates might become residential enclaves of low-income households. This may, in turn, lead to their degradation and the corresponding negative attributes of such neighbourhoods. This paper discusses the outcomes of research carried out at the Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia on the development of appropriate methods for the renovation of large housing estates. Guided by the research findings and supported by an extensive review of the various renewal strategies that have been applied in different countries, we propose a framework for the regeneration of large housing estates in Slovenia. This framework represents a comprehensive approach to housing estate renewal and improvement, extending from the physical analysis of the buildings and their surroundings to the evaluation of the measures as implemented. Proposals for administrative, legislative and financial measures necessary to support the framework are also put forward. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 233-255 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083443 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083443 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:233-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mina Petrović Author-X-Name-First: Mina Author-X-Name-Last: Petrović Title: POST-SOCIALIST HOUSING POLICY TRANSFORMATION IN YUGOSLAVIA AND BELGRADE Abstract: In this article, housing policy changes are observed within a theoretical background that relies on social structure analysis and the path dependency approach. Consequently, determining factors of socialist housing policy principles and outcomes have been analysed as relevant for housing policy transformation in post-socialist countries. Further, new patterns of social structuring caused by post-socialist transformation, have been discussed with special consideration of adaptive elite reconstruction for Yugoslav society and the (de)regulation of its housing policy. Yugoslav housing policy belonged to the East European housing model under socialism, which has now collapsed, although important elements have been retained and no new strategy formulated. In Yugoslavia, the housing sector has performed the role of a shock absorber, not due to the high social costs of radical socio-economic transformation but due to anomie and blocked transformation in the post-socialist period. Belgrade, as the capital of Yugoslavia, is chosen for analysis, as more data are available at the city level, particularly on illegal construction, a phenomenon inherited from the socialist era that has acquired new characteristics in the post-socialist period, and on the second-hand housing market that has been developing since housing privatization. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 211-231 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:211-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Declan Redmond Author-X-Name-First: Declan Author-X-Name-Last: Redmond Title: POLICY REVIEW SOCIAL HOUSING IN IRELAND: UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT? Abstract: The social rented housing sector in Ireland comprises just 10 per cent of the national stock and most of this is managed by local authorities. This sector is highly residualized, with eight out of ten tenants being welfare-dependent and many estates being considered problem estates. This article reviews a series of policy initiatives whose purpose has been to regenerate local authority housing estates and to institute new housing management practices and procedures in local authority housing departments. Considerable effort has gone into policy formulation but, because of insufficient monitoring and evaluation, there is limited available evidence regarding implementation. The existing evidence suggests that implementation has been limited in scope and uneven geographically. The review concludes by outlining the need for a sustained research programme into the implementation and impact of these regeneration and management policies. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 291-306 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:291-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert M. Buckleyand Author-X-Name-First: Robert M. Author-X-Name-Last: Buckleyand Author-Name: Sasha Tsenkova Author-X-Name-First: Sasha Author-X-Name-Last: Tsenkova Title: HOUSING MARKET SYSTEMS IN REFORMING SOCIALIST ECONOMIES: COMPARATIVE INDICATORS OF PERFORMANCE AND POLICY Abstract: This comparative research explores the dynamics of housing market systems in thirteen reforming socialist economies. Specifically the study has the following objectives: (i) to undertake comparative analysis of policy reforms and performances of the housing sector; (ii) to develop a set of indicators of performance and policy that provide a robust basis for the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of policy environments; and (iii) to provide recommendations about the strategy and sequencing of policy reforms. The model used in the study defines three distinct policy arenas, each governing policy outcomes, instruments and types of intervention. Given the diversity of policy responses across the region, it focuses on the analysis of policy outcomes and the way they define market performance. A set of policy and performance indicators is developed and applied to assess the strengths and weaknesses of housing market performance in a comparative perspective. The evaluation suggests that a much stronger commitment to comprehensive reforms in the major policy areas leads to better market performance. Furthermore, despite their differences and dependency on socialist legacy, the countries' experience suggests links between specific types of reforms and performance. It is argued that there is a 'reform path' that countries have to follow to successfully improve their housing market systems. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 257-289 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083669 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083669 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:257-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: BOOK REVIEWS Journal: Pages: 307-319 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110083687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110083687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:307-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Journal: Pages: 451-451 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/146167101317191155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/146167101317191155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:451-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Kasparova Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Kasparova Author-Name: Michael White Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: THE RESPONSIVENESS OF HOUSE PRICES TO MACROECONOMIC FORCES: A CROSS-COUNTR Y COMPARISON Abstract: This paper examines housing markets in selected European Union countries and investigates the degree of similarity in housing market responses to changes in underlying demand- and supply-side variables. This may help to suggest how EU housing markets may be affected by a single monetary policy and whether housing market integration across the countries may be expected as a result of EMU. The choice of countries is explained followed by a description of the demand and supply characteristics of each country's housing markets. The paper then exploits a data set that has been constructed by combining data from each nation. Attention is paid to the statistical properties of variables used in estimations to construct accurate measurements to compare inter-country similarities/differences in housing market behaviour. The interaction of the housing market with the macroeconomy is then examined. The issue of monetary union and its impact on housing markets is discussed. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 385-416 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091561 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091561 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:385-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John M. Quigley Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Quigley Author-Name: Steven Raphael Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Raphael Title: THE ECONOMICS OF HOMELESSNESS: THE EVIDENCE FROM NORTH AMERICA Abstract: It is generally believed that the increased incidence of homelessness in the US has arisen from broad societal factors - changes in the institutionalization of the mentally ill, increases in drug addiction and alcohol usage, etc. This paper reports on a comprehensive test of the alternate hypothesis that variations in homelessness arise from changed circumstances in the housing market and in the income distribution. We utilize essentially all the systematic information available on homelessness in US urban areas - census counts, shelter bed counts, records of transfer payments, and administrative agency estimates. We use these data to estimate the effects of housing prices, vacancies, and rentto-income ratios upon the incidence of homelessness. Our results suggest that simple economic principles governing the availability and pricing of housing and the growth in demand for the lowest quality housing explain a large portion of the variation in homelessness among US metropolitan housing markets. Furthermore, rather modest improvements in the affordability of rental housing or its availability can substantially reduce the incidence of homelessness in the US. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 323-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091525 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:323-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Tiesdell Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Tiesdell Title: A FORGOTTEN POLICY? A PERSPECTIVE ON THE EVOLUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF HOUSING ACTION TRUST POLICY, 1987–99 Abstract: This paper examines the evolution and outcome of Housing Action Trust (HAT) policy, focusing on three aspects of the HAT programme: (1) the initial evolution of HAT policy and, in particular, the detailed changes that allowed HATs to be established; (2) the apparent 'transformation' of HAT policy from an exit mechanism to a neighbourhood regeneration mechanism; and (3) the HAT programme's significance and influence on neighbourhood regeneration policy. The paper is based on a series of interviews in each of the HAT areas in the period 1994–99. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 357-383 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:357-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bharat Barot Author-X-Name-First: Bharat Author-X-Name-Last: Barot Title: AN ECONOMETRIC DEMAND–SUPPLY MODEL FOR SWEDISH PRIVATE HOUSING Abstract: A housing market model for Sweden has been estimated on semi-annual data for 1970-97 by separately modelling the demand and the supply sides, specified in error correction form. On the demand side in the short run house prices adjust to the changes in the real after-tax long interest rate, financial wealth, the employment rate, rents and, finally, population. There is an underlying long-run relationship between real house prices and the following ratios: debt to income, debt to financial wealth, private housing stock to income, the stock of rental housing (flats) to the private housing stock, and the real aftertax long interest rate. The supply side, based on Tobin's q -index, the short interest rate and stock market returns, generates the investment flow which determines the evolution in stock. The results indicate that even in a turbulent period, Swedish house prices and housing investment are tracked quite well with this specification. The importance of the simulations and their usefulness to Swedish policy-makers is discussed. According to our model, many factors were instrumental in producing the house price boom of the late 1980s. Initial debt levels were low as were real house prices, giving scope for rises in both, and these became more important as a result of financial liberalization, though partly offset by higher real interest rates. We also discuss the controversy over the causes of the 1991-93 recession in the context of the 1991 tax reform. Tests of model adequacy indicate that the housing price and Tobin's q housing investment models are stable and robust and satisfy intuitive theoretical prerequisites. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 417-444 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:417-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susanne SØholt Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: SØholt Title: ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS AND STRATEGIES IN THE HOUSING MARKET IN OSLO Abstract: The objectives of the present study are to expand our knowledge on how different ethnic groups are coping with the housing market in Oslo, seen from the ethnic minorities' own perspectives. To provide data on this subject, in-depth interviews have been conducted with informants of Pakistani, Tamil and Somali origin. The findings indicate that there are substantial differences regarding perceived possibilities and hindrances in the housing market. The identified strategies include a combination of work and house, living together, buying instead of renting, savings and economical consumerism and networks playing a substantial role. Explanations include time of arrival regarding immigrant and housing policy, discrimination, possibilities in the labour market, lack of knowledge of the functioning of the housing market, family composition and personal economical obligations due to the role of 'the immigrant'. The outcome, when it comes, of success in housing, varied in and between groups. For those who are dependent on public assistance, the findings show how households consisting of single women with children and without connection to the labour market, often do not get sufficient help. To improve the housing prospects for ethnic minorities facing severe difficulties to secure a home, there is a need for a policy and street-level bureaucracy based on an understanding of the reality and needs of a diverse population. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 337-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:337-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: REVIEWS Journal: Pages: 445-449 Issue: 3 Volume: 1 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:1:y:2001:i:3:p:445-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Author-X-Name-Last: Alonso Title: The benefits of building barrier-free: a contingent valuation of accessibility as an attribute of housing Abstract: Estimating the social benefits of barrier-free building has always required indirect solutions, such as calculating the savings in social services, hospitalization or adaptations made possible by the increase in accessibility. This research uses the contingent valuation method to gain a direct appraisal of the benefits from barrier-free housing. When comparing two similar dwellings, with the only difference being their accessibility conditions, the 1,007 randomly chosen households that answered the direct survey would pay, on average, 12.5 per cent more for being barrier-free. None of the different appraisals made on accessibility costs reaches 5 per cent. This confirms the social profitability of building without barriers and shows the potential size of the private market for those housing developers that meet the demand. Accessibility is a general concern, an economic good or attribute that most households value, irrespective of the physical conditions of their members. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 25-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110120577 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110120577 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:25-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo Brañas-Garza Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Brañas-Garza Author-Name: Javier Rodero Cosano Author-X-Name-First: Javier Rodero Author-X-Name-Last: Cosano Author-Name: John R. Presley Author-X-Name-First: John R. Author-X-Name-Last: Presley Title: The North-South divide and house price islands: the case of CÓrdoba (Spain) Abstract: This paper uses the theory of hedonic prices for housing services. The classical approach in this field of urban economics is the monocentric model. The model is often criticized due to the restrictiveness of its assumptions. The most important hypothesis is that the rental value per unit of housing service declines with the distance from the central business district (CBD). We consider some other physical and geographical information in an econometric model for the estimation of house prices. The results indicate that the most significant variables are the physical attributes of the houses and the existence of North-South differences. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 45-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110120586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110120586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:45-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Reviews Journal: Pages: 115-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:115-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: Public housing policy in a housing market without general shortages Abstract: The most recent population forecasts tell us that the number of people living in the Netherlands will decrease after 2030, and the number of households after 2035. A long period of housing surpluses may be expected to follow the post-war era, a period marked by housing shortages. According to Kornai's theory, market equilibrium is the exception rather than the rule and this is particularly the case in housing. The impact made by surpluses on a market differs from that made by shortages, and this difference will lead to a new generation of housing policies. In this contribution we describe a new set of instruments of housing policy in which a system of housing vouchers plays an essential part. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 65-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110091552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110091552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:65-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gwilym Pryce Author-X-Name-First: Gwilym Author-X-Name-Last: Pryce Author-Name: Margaret Keoghan Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: Keoghan Title: Unemployment insurance for mortgage borrowers: is it viable and does it cover those most in need? Abstract: One of the principal downside risks of financial deregulation is the possible deleterious effect it may have on the incidence of mortgage arrears and possessions. Successive UK governments have enthusiastically pursued both financial deregulation and the promotion of private mortgage payment protection insurance (MPPI) as the primary safety net for mortgage borrowers. As such, the UK is an important test case for other European countries considering either or both avenues of policy. With this motivation, we review the mortgage payment protection insurance (MPPI) debate in the UK and examine whether mortgage borrowers who choose to remain uninsured do so because they are in the most stable forms of employment and/or have sufficient financial resources to cover periods of unemployment, or because their employment risks are not covered by MPPI and/or they cannot afford the premium. These are important questions because if affordability proves to be a key driver of take-up, then private mortgage insurance is fundamentally flawed as an antidote to the risks that follow from financial deregulation. Family Resources Survey data are used to examine the characteristics of the uninsured which are then compared to data on employment stability in an attempt to identify those groups of mortgage borrowers most at risk. Income and savings of the uninsured are also examined to establish whether borrowers consider personal financial resources to be substitute for insurance. We find that neither those in the riskiest categories of employment, nor those with the least financial resources, have the highest rates of MPPI take-up. We also find a surprisingly large variation in the take-up across household types. In particular, we find that households with a greater number of children relative to adults have significantly lower MPPI take-up rates. These findings provide evidence that affordability is an important driver of MPPI take-up, for whilst there is no obvious reason why having more children reduces the default risk of a household, it is clear that the number of children will have a direct effect on the ratio of outgoings to earnings and hence on a household's ability to afford MPPI. Inability of certain borrowers to afford MPPI may explain why the highest risk groups do not have the highest levels of take-up. The corollary of our results is that MPPI is not viable as a widespread safety net for mortgage borrowers, and so the assumption that private mortgage insurance can be a substitute for stateprovided protection is fundamentally flawed. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 87-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110120595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110120595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:87-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lennart Berg Author-X-Name-First: Lennart Author-X-Name-Last: Berg Title: Prices on the second-hand market for Swedish family houses: correlation, causation and determinants Abstract: The structural differences and the dynamics in prices on the second-hand market for family houses in large (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö), medium-sized, small and industrial cities and sparsely populated areas are analysed in this paper. The basic house price data set used in the analysis consists of constant quality monthly price indices. The sample starts in January 1981 and ends in July 1997. The real price changes in house prices for all seven regions display a high degree of autocorrelation, and the correlograms reveal a mean reverting pattern. The Granger causality test indicates that the real price changes for the Stockholm area 'Granger cause' the price changes in the other areas. Thus, the real price change in the Stockholm area has a ripple effect on the six other areas. Both bivariate and multivariate Granger tests indicate information content in a number of macroeconomic variables versus the real price changes for the Stockholm area and the entire country. A simple VAR model was estimated with the price changes for family houses in the Stockholm area, a proxy for consumption growth and the change in the rate in the unemployment rate as endogenous variables and a number of exogenous macro variables. Experiments with impulse response functions show that a shock in the change in the rate of unemployment has a strong effect on real house prices and consumption. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710110120568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710110120568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:1-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: André Ouwehand Author-X-Name-First: André Author-X-Name-Last: Ouwehand Title: The Dutch housing policy for the next decade: an attack on housing associations or adjustment to changing demands? Abstract: In March 2001 the Dutch parliament discussed and approved the Housing Memorandum 'What people want, where people live'. This policy document gives a broad picture of housing policy for the next decade. It stresses individual freedom of choice, sets ambitious homeownership targets, analyses the changing demands for housing and concludes that a large change in the housing stock is necessary. This is to be partly achieved by the sale of more than 500,000 social rented dwellings and by reducing the role of housing associations. Their part of the total housing stock will diminish from 36 per cent at this time to 25 per cent in the year 2010. The question is whether this must be seen as an attack on the position of housing associations or as an inevitable adjustment to changes in housing demand. Will the social rented sector be marginalized or residualized? This paper explores these questions and argues that this is unlikely, and that policy change is not going to 'attack' housing associations. Conclusions indicate that the social sector surely has nonetheless to change to meet the demands of today and tomorrow. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 203-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:2:p:203-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter J. Boelhouwer Author-X-Name-First: Peter J. Author-X-Name-Last: Boelhouwer Title: Capital accumulation via homeownership: the case of the Netherlands Abstract: In this contribution, the possibilities of capital accumulation via homeownership in the Dutch context are described. We conclude that there is dichotomy in the Dutch housing market, where in particular households owning their own house before 1992 have seen their capital grow strongly and have profited from this development both in and outside the housing market. This growth was made possible by the strong increase in house prices, the ample financing opportunities, the fiscal facilities and the limited supply of newly constructed high quality owner-occupied houses. In this context one can speak of a lever operating generated by the owner-occupied housing sector. The baby-boom generation profited most from this operation. On the other hand, those households which have not yet, or only recently, entered the owner-occupied housing sector, are confronted with enormous risks. In addition to the risks for individual houseowners, there is also a risk that the stability of the Dutch economy will be damaged because house price rises which go together with a long-term substantial credit expansion can become detached from the underlying fundamental factors. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 167-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:2:p:167-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Author-Name: Erik Louw Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Louw Title: Recovery of land costs: a land policy instrument missing in the Netherlands? Abstract: Until recently it has been usual in the Netherlands for local authorities to acquire land for development, to prepare it for building, and then make building lots available through sale or leasehold. In the 1990s housing production shifted from social housing to owner-occupied housing. Project developers became interested in the ownership of land as the key to build dwellings. These land purchases changed the context in which local authorities had to operate in the development of land. Instead of making arrangements for the recovery of costs via a public monopoly, local authorities now have to revert to a set of statutory instruments, or enter negotiations with market parties to come to an agreement on a voluntary contribution to development costs. In this contribution, we report the current state of the discussion in the Netherlands on the recovery of costs and we analyse various alternative instruments. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 127-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:2:p:127-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kees Van Der Flier Author-X-Name-First: Kees Van Der Author-X-Name-Last: Flier Author-Name: Vincent Gruis Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Gruis Title: The applicability of portfolio analysis in social management Abstract: As a result of changes in housing policy in the 1990s, social landlords in the Netherlands operate largely independently from the government. Without direct financial support, with less government regulation and decreasing demand for social housing, they are adopting a market-oriented approach in housing management. In doing so, they may use methods from 'commercial' business theory. This paper focuses on the method of portfolio analysis and answers the question how this method can be used by Dutch housing associations. On first sight, the usefulness of the classic forms of portfolio analysis known from business theory seems to be limited. These analyses put emphasis on financial performance, which is not conclusive for social landlords, and on diversification while housing associations have little possibilities to diversify out of housing. However, financial performance has become more important for the Dutch housing associations since they have to operate without direct financial government support. Furthermore, Dutch housing associations manage a wide variety of dwellings, so the analysis can be useful to diversify within their residential portfolio. The usefulness of the method may improve by using portfolio analyses which have been specifically designed for housing management, but will remain restricted. At a strategic level in the organization the method offers general directions for strategies to follow but does not offer conclusive actions that should be taken. Furthermore, there will always be discussion about the performance measures that social landlords should use, and in particular about how they should weigh social and financial performance against each other. For social housing managers, it might be best to use classic forms of portfolio analysis as a mirror for their decisions. If they choose a path differing from the one suggested by the portfolio analysis, they have to explain why, referring to their social objectives. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 183-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:2:p:183-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland Atkinson Author-X-Name-First: Rowland Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson Author-Name: Keith Kintrea Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Kintrea Title: Area effects: what do they mean for British housing and regeneration policy? Abstract: This paper aims to clarify the research agenda and to tease out the policy implications of 'area effects' for British housing policy, particularly with respect to policies for the regeneration of deprived housing areas. After a review of the growing interest in area effects in current policy, the paper goes on to examine the existing research evidence on area effects, concluding that they are potentially important in themselves as a source of disadvantage. The paper then goes on to consider the policy implications of area effects and suggests that accepting them offers a strong challenge to conventional thinking about area regeneration and that less inward-looking policy programmes need to be developed. The paper concludes that the role of area effects suggests a renewed centrality of many aspects of housing policy in combating social exclusion. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 147-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710210140349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710210140349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:2:p:147-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Jones Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Jim Brown Author-X-Name-First: Jim Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MARKETS FOR OWNER-OCCUPATION WITHIN PUBLIC SECTOR COMMUNITIES Abstract: Urban regeneration strategies in the UK have placed considerable emphasis on the development of homeownership and particularly low-cost homeownership. The paper assesses the long-term viability of local homeownership initiatives in public sector communities by reference to case studies in four UK cities. In particular, the research chronicles the housing market experience of localized initiatives and assesses whether in the long term a sustainable market is achieved. The research finds similar market characteristics for both public sector community and inner city homeownership initiatives. Internal demand and externalities create fragile markets. Initial purchasers of these houses acquired in general a poor long-term investment relative to opportunities elsewhere in the housing market. The research suggests that private housing developments within public sector communities are at least as successful as inner city estates for sale. However, while resale markets have developed in most of these estates prices are not high enough to establish sustainable markets. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 265-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671021000031511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671021000031511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:265-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: INDEX - VOLUME 2, 2002 Journal: Pages: 325-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/146167102321046268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/146167102321046268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:325-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Norris Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Norris Author-Name: Cathal O'Connell Author-X-Name-First: Cathal Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connell Title: LOCAL AUTHORITY HOUSING MANAGEMENT REFORM IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: PROGRESS TO DATE - IMPEDIMENTS TO FUTURE PROGRESS Abstract: The question of management has until recently been a largely neglected aspect of the local authority rented housing sectorin the Republic of Ireland. However, recent trends have brought this deficiency into sharper focus. These include: its shrinking size relative to other tenures, increased residualization and a growing concern about anti-social behaviour on estates. In addition, central government expectations of better value for money and improved management performance within the public sector more generally have further spurred critical commentary and interest in this issue. This article assesses the impact which these pressures for reform have had on three key aspects of housing management. These are:strategicmanagement, tenant participation in housingmanagement, and responses to anti-social behaviour. It concludes that local authorities' progress in reforming these aspects of housing management has been impeded by internal organizational factors and their relationship with central government and considers how these impediments to reform might be overcome. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 245-264 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671022000017246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671022000017246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:245-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anders Munk Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Munk Title: SOCIAL PARTNERSHIPS IN DISTRESSED NEIGHBOURHOODS: THE DANISH CASE Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the Danish Urban Committee's programme of social partnerships in a European context and to examine how their governance dynamics can be understood. In attempting to address these questions, a research evaluation is based on surveys addressing the main partners: the local authority, the resident boards and the social initiators. The evaluation included a representative resident survey and a case study of twenty of the social activities are employed. Moreover, the paper draws on two secondary research evaluations in, respectively, four and eight neighbourhoods. The main findings indicate that the social activities of the social partnerships did improve solidarity, but did not increase resident participation. Like other Western European partnerships their merits vary and consensus is fragile. From an inter-organizational governance perspective the collaboration between the public sector and civil society was established in 100 neighbourhoods, but the cooperation can be described as hesitant. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 223-244 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671022000017255 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671022000017255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:223-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: REVIEWS Journal: Pages: 309-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671022000018263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671022000018263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:309-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George E. O'Connell Author-X-Name-First: George E. Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connell Title: PROBLEMS WITH THE US PROGRAM APPROACH TO URBAN HOUSING: CAN EUROPE LEAD AMERICA TO A POLICY SOLUTION IN 2002 AND BEYOND? Abstract: The history of housing and urban development in America over the past fifty years offers important lessons for the United States and Europe in 2002 and beyond. From 1950 on, housing and urban development was a series of piece-meal programs. These programs were input-oriented, and often the goal of providing adequate housing for inner city residents was displaced or minimized. Competing goals were formulated in terms of pre-existing interests of key influentials from central city businesses and governments. Using the historical method, the paper analyses this incremental program approach in terms of four specific disadvantages resulting in unintended negative consequences of the Housing Acts of 1949, 1954 and 1959. The lessons learned over the last fifty years are related to the shift from a program approach to a policy-systems approach . These lessons provide a useful backdrop for the United States and Europe to become much more serious and committed to the creation of a new 'social contract' primarily focused on housing the urban poor in integrated or mixed neighbourhoods. The European Union is at a critical crossroads in deciding its housing and urban development future as it relates to economic prosperity, intersocietal integration, and a reduction in the income inequality gaps between nations and socio-economic classes. In terms of housing policy, Europe can lead America to adopt a policy-systems solution to its current 'two Americas' dilemma. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 293-307 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671022000017237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671022000017237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:2:y:2002:i:3:p:293-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judith Yates Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Yates Title: ‘The more things change?’ An overview of Australia’s recent home ownership policies Abstract: When home ownership is the dominant tenure form in any country, the fiscal subsidies directed towards it need continual reassessment. This paper updates an earlier study on direct and indirect assistance to home ownership in Australia, a country with a mature home ownership sector. It examines the changing pattern of deposit assistance provided to first homebuyers and the trends in indirect assistance provided through the tax system, with tenure neutrality taken as the preferred tax expenditure benchmark. It was motivated by a significant growth in real dwelling values and changes to the tax system since the mid-1980s that have resulted in increased tax concessions to owner-occupiers. Indirect assistance is shown to dominate direct assistance and is poorly targeted, with the greatest amount of assistance being provided to those households who need it least. On a per household basis, outright owners receive more than five times the amount received by those with a mortgage, with high-income outright owners receiving an estimated benefit of close to $9,000 (€5,400) per annum. Home purchasers in the bottom 80 per cent of the income distribution received less than $500 (€300) per household per year. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:1-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lena Magnusson Author-X-Name-First: Lena Author-X-Name-Last: Magnusson Author-Name: Bengt Turner Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: Countryside abandoned? Suburbanization and mobility in Sweden Abstract: Regional differences have been increasing in Sweden. Over the last five to ten years, several municipalities have lost well over 1 per cent per annum of their population through a net outmigration to metropolitan regions and university cities. Losses of inhabitants normally have a negative effect on the housing market. Prices of owner-occupied dwellings decrease and vacancies occur in the rented sector. This paper aims to analyse the differences between depopulating municipalities. In some cases a net loss in population is compatible with a net migration of elderly households and middle-aged families – even when there is a massive outmigration of young people. A regression model shows that municipalities in a coastal location, with good living conditions and a strong housing market, also have a net inmigration of middle-aged or elderly households. The analysis also shows that a net outmigration is not always in conflict with a dynamic housing market. If there is a reasonably large inmigration of middle-aged or elderly households, the housing market conditions can still be favourable. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 35-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071173 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071173 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:35-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Aalbers Author-X-Name-First: Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Aalbers Title: Pressure and suction on housing markets: a critical reply to Priemus Abstract: In a recent issue of this journal Priemus discusses the implications of the shift in the Dutch housing market from suction to pressure. He rightly asserts that the impact made by surpluses on a market differs from that made by shortages, and that this difference will lead to a new generation of housing policies. However, he largely ignores regional differences. Priemus’s suggestions for housing policy in regional housing markets with pressure are worth considering and refreshing, but should be taken with much caution in regional housing markets with suction. This paper elaborates on the findings of Priemus and theorizes housing market pressure/suction on a regional level as well as in different segments within the housing market. It also deals with the negative external effects of a more liberalized housing policy for other social, urban and spatial policies. It is argued that Priemus’s set of instruments for a new housing policy should be supplemented with pressure/suction-based policies on urban renewal and land policy. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 61-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071164 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071164 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:61-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: Pressure and suction on housing markets: some additional notes Abstract: Housing markets are essentially regional. We observe a differential territorial segmentation of housing markets: for high-income groups and expensive dwellings the search area is larger than for low-income groups and cheap accommodations. But there is also something like a national housing market, as long as housing policies and housing institutions are national. In the future, when the national population is going to decline in the Netherlands and some other EU countries, we may expect a general pressure on the national housing market, undoubtedly with regional variations. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 83-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:83-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Gibb Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Gibb Title: Transferring Glasgow’s council housing: financial, urban and housing policy implications Abstract: Glasgow has a large council sector characterized by a range of problems associated with low-income tenants, disrepair, insufficient resources and high levels of housing debt. Reluctantly, the council has come to the view that stock transfer, ultimately to local community-based housing organizations, is the preferred way to address its housing problems. Stock transfer concerns the privately funded sale of social housing as a going concern from one social landlord to another. This has been an important way of re-financing existing social housing in the UK for more than a decade. However, the Glasgow transfer is complex, large (with more than 80,000 units transferring) and politically controversial. The success or otherwise of Glasgow’s transfer has implications for the future of the stock owned by other councils in Scotland. The paper, therefore, is concerned with the wider context of transfer, the financial and economic arguments to do with Glasgow’s stock transfer, and the wider implications of the transfer. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 89-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:89-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 115-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671032000071137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671032000071137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:115-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Neuteboom Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Neuteboom Title: A European comparison of the costs and risks of mortgages for owner-occupiers Abstract: Mortgage take-up by homeowners differs enormously across Europe. The loan-to-value and loan-to-income ratios are quite dissimilar, ranging from some 20% and 0.9 respectively in Italy to more than 90% and 3.5 respectively in some countries in northwest Europe. In addition, the mortgage characteristics vary from a short-term serial loan to a high-risk endowment mortgage based on shares. To a certain extent, a statistical comparison of the loan-to-value and loan-to-income ratios can provide a good indication of the risks that owner-occupiers run in financing their own home. At the same time, this kind of comparison ignores the causes of the risks, namely the volatility or uncertainty of future interest rates, house prices and changes in income. It also disregards the main mortgage characteristics, the cost of taking out a mortgage, and the direct and indirect subsidies, including interest deductibility, factors that have a big influence on the real costs and risks for homeowners. A Monte Carlo simulation model (simulating house prices, interest rates and inflation for the duration of the mortgage) was used to calculate the net mortgage repayments and the associated mortgage risk. This simulation was undertaken for each of the countries concerned, using the typical mortgage characteristics, etc. The costs and risks of a mortgage in various countries of Europe could then be compared. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 155-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710303617 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710303617 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:155-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: book reviews Journal: Pages: 217-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710303618 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710303618 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:217-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Helen Kruythoff Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Kruythoff Title: DUTCH URBAN RESTRUCTURING POLICY IN ACTION AGAINST SOCIO-spATIAL SEGREGRATION: SENSE OR NONSENSE? Abstract: Urban areas 'at risk' have been gaining policy attention over the last decade in spite of the considerable physical improvements brought about through urban renewal programmes in the older parts of cities. A variety of problems may be stressed: the presence of too many poor and jobless people, of too many cheap but unattractive dwellings, of too many vacancies, or of too many socially undesired activities. In the Netherlands, both social (or people-based) and spatial (or place-based) programmes have been developed to improve situations considered undesirable. Spatial programmes, especially, have stirred up much debate. In the debate, there appears to be some confusion about how problems, goals and measures are linked to each other. This paper takes up the debate and tries to add some clarity by lining up opinions and facts about goals, instruments and intended effects of Dutch urban renewal policy for the cities. Moreover, it confronts the various views with the preferences and opinions of residents involved. It concludes that urban restructuring is a sensible thing to do from a social standpoint, providing that there is a strong coherence with new developments and that choice options of all household groups involved are taken into consideration. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 193-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710303619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710303619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:193-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masami Iwata Author-X-Name-First: Masami Author-X-Name-Last: Iwata Title: Commonality of Social Policy on Homelessness: Beyond the Different Appearances of Japanese and English Policies Abstract: This paper aims to explore the commonality of social policies on homelessness between Japan and England and to discuss the role of social policy in response to the recent emergence of homelessness throughout the world. Japan and England are regarded as different types of welfare state, and policies towards homelessness in both countries contrast sharply with each other. In some important areas, however, their approaches to homelessness coincide. There is a common 'style' of 'main bypass' policy with a diverse and often subjective implementation. This commonality can be interpreted as a result of the application of some general principles of the welfare state such as work requirement, family principles, moral requirement as a good citizen of the welfare state as well as the narrow and often stereotypical understanding of a person's 'place to live' in a society. Policies concerning homelessness in this common 'style' have not responded satisfactorily to the global emergence of homelessness. Instead, they have often played a part perpetuating situations where homeless people stay in temporary accommodation often facing uncertain and inconsistent treatment. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 173-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710303620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710303620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:173-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Dewilde Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Dewilde Author-Name: Femke De Keulenaer Author-X-Name-First: Femke Author-X-Name-Last: De Keulenaer Title: Housing and Poverty: The 'Missing Link' Abstract: In recent years, both in social science and political circles, there has been a growing consensus on the multi-aspectual nature of poverty. Poverty not only refers to a lack of income, but also to an inadequate participation in different domains of life, such as employment, education, housing and health. Starting from the operationalization of poverty as a 'network of social exclusions', we estimate the relative importance of housing problems as a dimension of poverty for four countries: Denmark, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain. The choice of countries is based on their different position in mainstream welfare state typologies and housing system typologies. We conclude that housing problems occupy a large part of everyday life for the poor in those countries where housing policy has not been considered an integral part of the post-war welfare state. This is the case for both Belgium and Spain. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 127-153 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710303621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710303621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:127-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Anlian Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Anlian Author-Name: Raymond J. Author-X-Name-First: Raymond Author-X-Name-Last: J. Title: Home Purchase Certificates: The Other Housing Vouchers Abstract: In the housing arena, vouchers have become closely associated with housing allowances – the widely employed means-tested payments to assist with the payment of rent or, for homeowners, operating costs. This paper is about the other housing voucher: housing purchase certificates. The paper outlines how these programs work generally and describes the specific features of programs in Russia and Armenia that have worked well under what may be considered adverse market conditions. The paper outlines some key issues for successful implementation and concludes that governments and donors should give greater consideration to the use of housing purchase certificates as a tool for encouraging home purchase. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 227-241 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001630703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710310001630703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:227-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Lux Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Lux Title: Efficiency and effectiveness of housing policies in the Central and Eastern Europe countries Abstract: The article provides the comparison of state housing policies in six selected Central and Eastern European countries. The description of the basic elements of policy approaches is followed by an analysis of both the efficiency and effectiveness of new supply- and demand-side subsidies. For this purpose the author set particular criteria allowing evaluation of subsidies. According to the results the most effective/efficient subsidies were implemented where general policy orientated towards the rental model was combined with decentralization/deregulation in the rental sector. The worst results appeared in countries where the same orientation of policy was not accompanied by decentralization/deregulation of rental housing. The factor of housing shortage may also influence the level of efficiency and effectiveness of public subsidies. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 243-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001603712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710310001603712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:243-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piyush Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Piyush Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: Yoko Moriizumi Author-X-Name-First: Yoko Author-X-Name-Last: Moriizumi Title: Efficiency in housing finance: a comparative study of mortgage instruments in Japan Abstract: Home ownership is the most desired form of housing tenure around the world for reasons of security and certainty. Owning a house presents a struggle for families virtually everywhere: for example, in Tokyo a typical house can cost around five to six times the yearly earnings of a family. Many families simply do not possess sufficient funds to purchase a house with equity. A universal alternative to equity-based financing for outright purchase before taking possession of a house is through debt financing. Debt in total housing finance in Japan is around 60–70%. Housing finance systems struggle to create instruments that will efficiently finance the purchase of owner-occupied housing. Design of mortgages depends on the nature of the housing system, the allocation of risk and the economic and institutional factors in a country. The present paper focuses on housing finance arrangements in Japan. Mortgage loan funding in Japan is characterized by heavy dependence on government treasury investment, which is based on subsidies. The last decade virtually eroded the capital base of financial institutions due to non-performing loans and forced them to restructure their business models from lending to industrial enterprises to financing home purchases. Coupled with the price crash in property markets, after the bubble era, debate on the current housing finance system has emerged. Currently Japan is restructuring its housing finance institutions by redefining the role for the public sector. This paper contributes by analyzing the efficiency with which the mortgage market delivers mortgage credit to home-buyers in Japan. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 267-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001630721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710310001630721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:267-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hal Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Author-Name: Stephen Sinclair Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Sinclair Title: Shopping Therapy? Incentive Payments And Tenant Behaviour: Lessons From Underoccupation Schemes In The United Kingdom Abstract: There has been in recent years considerable emphasis on market-oriented reforms and consumer empowerment measures within British social and housing policy. Underlying many such initiatives is a model of human action and motivation based on rational choice theory. Proposals for the introduction of ‘shopping incentives’ within Housing Benefit are a prominent current example of this trend. This paper reflects on these developments by examining evidence from an experiment undertaken by the Department for Work and Pensions in three London boroughs to provide underoccupation incentive payments. The objective of this programme was to encourage ‘underoccupying’ council tenants receiving Housing Benefit to relocate to smaller properties. This was to be achieved by providing a financial incentive scaled to the net reduction in rent consequent upon the move. The analysis concludes that the relatively small financial inducements offered by this scheme had no impact on tenants’ housing consumption decisions. Indeed, the findings suggest that financial incentives may be too crude to have any significant effect on tenants’ behaviour, and rational choice models which pay insufficient attention to the social context shaping relocation decisions are unlikely to succeed. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 289-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001630730 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710310001630730 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:289-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: book reviews Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 313-318 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001630749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710310001630749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:313-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viggo Nordvik Author-X-Name-First: Viggo Author-X-Name-Last: Nordvik Title: Local moving activity among norwegian households Abstract: This paper analyses the determinants of, and mechanisms behind, local moving activity by existing households. This is done using a three-step procedure that is not used in prior studies of residential mobility. The procedure combines information on observed moving choices, stated causes of moves and moving plans. It can be said to be a combination of revealed determinants of mobility and stated causes and preferences. Among the results it can be mentioned that for non-movers an empirical logit-model of moving activity reveals a clear pattern where predicted moving probabilities predict moving plans fairly well. This is taken as support of a hypothesis that the decision to move is a process stretched out in time. Comparison of predicted moving probabilities and stated causes furthermore reveals that some types of moves are better captured by a general empirical model than others are. Hence there is a great diversity of possible mechanisms that can generate moves at an individual household level. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000215433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000215433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mercè Carreras-i-Solanas Author-X-Name-First: Mercè Author-X-Name-Last: Carreras-i-Solanas Author-Name: Oscar Mascarilla-i-Miró Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Author-X-Name-Last: Mascarilla-i-Miró Author-Name: Yuri Yegorov Author-X-Name-First: Yuri Author-X-Name-Last: Yegorov Title: The evolution and the relationship of house prices and rents in Barcelona, 1970–2002 Abstract: The aim of the paper is to analyse the evolution of house prices in Barcelona using a theoretical and empirical framework. Housing is a durable good which involves both consumption and investment components. We develop a model that explains the long-run equilibrium relationship between prices to buy and to rent (time of rent to buy) as well as dynamics of deviations from this equilibrium. Empirical studies of the housing market show significant low-frequency fluctuations over time. We test the model with the data for Barcelona for several periods between 1970 and 2002. The general evolution of both house prices and rental price exhibits the pattern of long wave, but the ratio of these prices is not constant over time. We argue that the periods of relatively high housing prices with respect to rental prices correspond to additional demand for housing coming from investors. The conclusion of the paper includes a detection of complex non-random dynamics of the prices for housing in Barcelona and explanation of this effect with the proposed theoretical models. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 19-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000215442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000215442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:19-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tony Manzi Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Manzi Author-Name: Bill Smith Bowers Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Bowers Title: So many managers, so little vision: registered social landlords and consortium schemes in the UK Abstract: The broad trajectory of housing policy since the 1980s has been to reject the paternalism and bureaucracy of traditional local authority landlords and to encourage voluntary sector housing providers. The rationale for these strategies has been to use a diversity of landlords (to create synergy and avoid monolithic structures) and to encourage a mix of tenures (to develop sustainable communities and avoid ‘ghettoization’). However, to date the practical management implications of such schemes have not been subject to detailed empirical research. Consequently, this article considers the application of contemporary ideas about housing management in the UK within the context of a consortium development built in the early 1990s. Based upon an in-depth study of one of the first and largest housing association consortium schemes, the article critically considers the central management issues facing the different participants in the scheme. It illustrates how the management of the post-1988 housing association developments has brought considerable difficulties, which have been exacerbated within multi-landlord developments. In such cases the consequence has been to entrench problems of marginalization and social exclusion. The conclusion identifies the problems that registered social landlords will need to address if they are to improve their management systems. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 57-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000215451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000215451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:57-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hal Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Title: Perpetuating polarized neighbourhoods? Analysing rehousing outcomes in the English housing association sector Abstract: Social housing allocation systems have often been identified as contributing to the socio-economic polarization of neighbourhoods. Part of this argument has rested on a contention that – notwithstanding the impartial operation of ‘needs-based’ approaches – there is an inevitable tendency for the most disadvantaged households to be filtered into the least desirable housing. However, the empirical basis for this belief rests largely on a body of research dating from the mid-1980s and few studies have revisited the issue over the past decade. Drawing on a recently completed review of housing associations’ allocation policies and practices, this paper presents important new evidence on that vital social policy question – who gets what? Broadly speaking, the analysis finds no evidence of any systematic tendency for potentially disadvantaged groups – e.g. single parents, black and minority ethnic households, low-income households, statutory homeless – to be rehoused in less desirable housing. Indeed, at the national scale some of these groups are somewhat more likely than other households to be rehoused in the best housing. However, because some of the likely explanations for these findings are specific to the housing association sector, it cannot be assumed that the conclusions can be read across to council housing. Further research would be required to explore this question. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 77-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000215460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000215460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:77-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland Atkinson Author-X-Name-First: Rowland Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson Title: The evidence on the impact of gentrification: new lessons for the urban renaissance? Abstract: Does gentrification help or harm residential neighbourhoods and what are the implications of this evidence for current urban policies? This paper reports on a systematic review of the English-language research literature on gentrification which attempted to identify the range of costs and benefits associated with the process. It is concluded from this that existing evidence on gentrification shows it to have been largely harmful, predominantly through household displacement and community conflict. The paper then turns to the question of whether current UK urban policy developments are likely to engender gentrification. It is argued that, on the one hand, the language of gentrification processes have been used widely in regeneration policy documents to suggest positive forces for local housing and neighbourhood change. Meanwhile, policy instruments designed to deliver an urban renaissance suggest responses to the problem of gentrification in particular regional contexts and the promotion of gentrification itself in other localities. The paper concludes that the aims of an inclusive renaissance agenda appear to have been discarded in favour of policies which pursue revitalization through gentrification and displacement. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 107-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000215479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000215479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:107-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Marsh Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: THE INEXORABLE RISE OF THE RATIONAL CONSUMER? THE BLAIR GOVERNMENT AND THE RESHAPING OF SOCIAL HOUSING Abstract: The Blair government is implementing an ambitious agenda for the reform of the access, pricing and subsidy of social housing in England. This paper argues on the basis of available evaluation evidence that we should expect a muted response from consumers to the incentives created by these reforms. In this respect, the reforms are only likely to fulfil their apparent objectives in part. The paper notes some significant tensions within the reform agenda. The issue of how housing choice is modelled is highlighted as key. The paper argues that if we are serious about understanding the impact of these policy reforms on letting outcomes then we need to return to first principles and re-examine our understanding of housing market decision-making. It concludes by suggesting an alternative reading of current developments, focusing upon control. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 185-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:185-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Malpass Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Malpass Title: Fifty Years of British Housing Policy: Leaving or Leading the Welfare State? Abstract: This article seeks to develop a new perspective on the housing–welfare state relationship in Britain. Housing is conventionally seen as part of the post-war welfare state, but as different from other core services because of the persistence of a large market sector. Housing is also seen as having been targeted for change in the post-1975 restructuring of the welfare state, and this has been depicted in terms implying that the housing arm of the welfare state is being amputated or sold off. Social rented housing has declined significantly, both numerically and proportionately, in this period. In the present period the British government sees itself as engaged in a process of modernizing public services, but there is little mention of housing. The argument advanced in this article is that the development of housing policy after 1945 was shaped more by housing market restructuring than by ideas associated with the welfare state, and that from 1954 housing was clearly moving further away. But in more recent times developments in housing have been congruent with the modernization of the wider welfare state and a convergence is apparent, challenging the notion of housing as the wobbly pillar under the welfare state. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 209-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:209-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JÓzsef Hegedüs Author-X-Name-First: JÓzsef Author-X-Name-Last: Hegedüs Author-Name: Natalia Rogozhina Author-X-Name-First: Natalia Author-X-Name-Last: Rogozhina Author-Name: Eszter Somogyi Author-X-Name-First: Eszter Author-X-Name-Last: Somogyi Author-Name: Raymond Struyk Author-X-Name-First: Raymond Author-X-Name-Last: Struyk Author-Name: Andrey Tumanov Author-X-Name-First: Andrey Author-X-Name-Last: Tumanov Title: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES ON HOUSING AFFORDABILITY: THE CASES OF BUDAPEST AND MOSCOW Abstract: Mortgage markets are coming of age in a number of Eastern Europe and CIS countries. As they do, governments are looking to mortgage-loan associated subsidy schemes to respond to the popular demand for improved housing. This paper presents a detailed examination of the impact of two types of subsidy schemes–mortgage interest rate write-downs, both universal and income-targeted, and income-targeted down-payment subsidies–on the housing purchase capacity and the potential demand for mortgage loan volume in two very diverse markets: Budapest and Moscow. An accounting model that performs detailed calculations at the household level using information on household resources (income, savings and home equity), mortgage terms and conditions, and housing costs (unit prices plus an assortment of closing costs) was developed for the analysis. The down-payment subsidy is found to be better in both markets at stimulating housing purchase capacity in terms of efficiency and the distribution of subsidies in favour of moderate-income families. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 151-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:151-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: Review Journal: Pages: 247-252 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:247-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sasha Tsenkova Author-X-Name-First: Sasha Author-X-Name-Last: Tsenkova Author-Name: Bengt Turner Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: THE FUTURE OF SOCIAL HOUSING IN EASTERN EUROPE: REFORMS IN LATVIA AND UKRAINE Abstract: This paper explores the impact of housing reforms on public rented housing in Eastern Europe, using Latvia and Ukraine as case studies. The focus on public housing is important, since in both countries municipalities and state institutions are the major social landlords. Rent structures are not sensitive to demand or quality of housing services and allocation decisions rely on bureaucratic processes. The study evaluates changes in ownership, rent and allocation policies in the two countries to determine the extent to which public housing has moved away from a‘command’system to a more market-sensitive model. The limited success of housing reforms, particularly in Ukraine, has critical implications for the financial sustainability of the sector. Drawing on comparative work on social rented housing provision in Western Europe, the paper argues that in transition economies where the sector is large, reforms need to focus on rent policies that ensure cost recovery for services with targeted‘in cash’support for low-income households. By contrast, in countries where the sector is small, reforms need to define its social character and role in the provision of‘in kind’subsidy. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 133-149 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:133-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: Housing and New Urban Renewal: Current Policies in the Netherlands Abstract: Recently, the Netherlands has been pursuing a new policy of urban renewal. Old urban renewal concentrated on pre-war urban districts and had a technical orientation. The predominant shift in tenure was from commercial to social rented housing. New urban renewal focuses on post-war urban districts and tries to solve the mismatch between a differentiated demand for housing and a one-sided supply. The shift in tenure is now mainly from social rented housing to owner-occupied housing. The physical agenda is combined with social, economic and safety issues.This paper presents an overview of the transition from old to new urban renewal. We shall begin with a few observations and then present some current dilemmas. We shall comment on the recent report by the Dutch VROM Council‘Acceleration and Deceleration in Urban Renewal’and offer some recommendations for successful urban renewal. These recommendations are geared to the current situation in the Netherlands, but they may also be relevant for other countries in and outside Europe. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 229-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000269047 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000269047 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:229-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isobel Anderson Author-X-Name-First: Isobel Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson Title: HOUSING, HOMELESSNESS AND THE WELFARE STATE IN THE UK Abstract: This paper re-examines the role of the state in relation to homelessness in the UK. Taking a long term and macro-level perspective, the paper takes changing levels of poverty and inequality as broad indicators of the effectiveness of differing approaches to welfare, and looks at trends in homelessness across three eras of welfare. The analysis draws on theories of the state and the welfare state to explain differing levels of homelessness and to draw conclusions as to possible future pathways. State intervention in housing in the UK preceded the development of the welfare state, but homelessness intervention lagged behind during a long period of welfare expansion and consolidation. This early period bequeathed a legacy of social democratic policies which had significantly reduced poverty and income inequality, improved housing conditions and introduced legislation to protect households from homelessness. During the Conservative neo-liberal period (1979–97) welfare retrenchment was significant and resulted in real and substantial increases in poverty and inequality. The homelessness crisis resulted in further intervention in homelessness, despite retrenchment in housing. Since 1997, New Labour has claimed to implement a Third Way in social policy. However, this has been limited in its distinctiveness from the Conservative era (rolling out neo-liberalism, rather than rolling back welfare). Nevertheless, state intervention and welfare outcomes can and do change over time and space. Neo-liberalism is neither inevitable nor global, though it is proving to be enduring and widespread. Homelessness levels can be an important and valuable indicator of the most extreme manifestations of inequality and of the differing impact of different welfare regimes. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 369-389 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307305 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307305 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:369-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice Blanc Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Blanc Title: THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE STATE IN FRENCH HOUSING POLICIES: A ROLL-OUT WITHOUT ROLL-BACK? Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess whether the conceptual distinction made byPeck and Tickell (2002), between a roll-back (dismantlement) of the welfare state and a roll-out (restyling) of State intervention is relevant when applied to French housing policies. Looking at the post-Second World War period, this paper shows how the role of the State changed, from a‘provider’to an‘enabler’. However, this process, started in France in the late 1960s, was slower and softer than that initiated in the USA and the UK a decade later under Reagan and Thatcher. The paper argues that France might be described as experiencing a roll-out of the State without a preliminary roll-back. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 283-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:283-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joe Doherty Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Doherty Title: EUROPEAN HOUSING POLICIES: BRINGING THE STATE BACK IN? Abstract: Housing occupies a unique place in public policy, neither fully part of the welfare state, nor fully part of the free market…Nevertheless, housing has been subject to sustained, pervasive and fundamental forms of intervention by the state for well over a hundred years. Today's housing markets and housing outcomes have been decisively shaped by public policy. (Kleinman 1996: 1) Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 253-260 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:253-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: INDEX – VOLUME 4, 2004 Journal: Pages: 391-392 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/714023414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/714023414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:391-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Sahlin Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Sahlin Title: CENTRAL STATE AND HOMELESSNESS POLICIES IN SWEDEN: NEW WAYS OF GOVERNING Abstract: While it is generally agreed that the state has‘rolled back’from direct intervention in housing policy in many European countries, this paper attempts to demonstrate that in Sweden the central state still exerts power over issues such as homelessness, though the way it exercises that power has taken new forms. Government by‘discourse’,‘projects’and‘non-decision’has largely replaced more traditional forms of intervention by means of‘legislation’,‘regularization’and‘subventions’. The paper focuses on the central state's approach to initiatives against homelessness, with special regard to its stance in the power relationship between those who control housing and those who lack it. Starting from a general understanding that homelessness is not a necessary feature of a modern nation, and that it would be possible for the central state to do away with it, my aim is to identify and discuss structures and processes that hinder its abolition. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 345-367 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307297a File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307297a File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:345-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pascal De Decker Author-X-Name-First: Pascal De Author-X-Name-Last: Decker Title: DISMANTLING OR PRAGMATIC ADAPTATION? ON THE RESTYLING OF WELFARE AND HOUSING POLICIES IN BELGIUM Abstract: This paper is framed within a broad discourse on the withdrawal of the state from involvement with welfare issues. There is no doubt that in Belgium welfare state arrangements have undergone significant changes (for example, cuts in unemployment benefit). However, despite these changes, the notion that the state has withdrawn from welfare issues does not hold, either in general or with respect to housing. We first highlight the major features and changes in the Belgian welfare state and show how it has been restyled. We then examine housing policy–basically a regionalized matter–in Flanders. After the near disappearance in the 1980s, in the 1990s new legislation, the introduction of new institutions and the investment of more money has led to the rebirth of housing as a social and political matter. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 261-281 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:261-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eoin O'Sullivan Author-X-Name-First: Eoin Author-X-Name-Last: O'Sullivan Title: WELFARE REGIMES, HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND Abstract: Social rental housing stands in marked contrast to other social policy areas in Ireland in that it was initiated early in comparison to other European countries, was both financed and managed by the state and up until recently had only a marginal input from the non-profit sector. Although now accounting for only 7 per cent of the Irish housing stock (as a consequence of long-standing tenant purchase schemes), a clear political commitment exists to extend, co-ordinate and enhance the supply and quality of accommodation for low-income households. Irish housing policy is strongly dualist in character, with separate cost rental and profit rental sectors. The rationale for this policy has deep and complex roots, reflecting the agrarian origins of much of Irish social policy. Due in part to the ongoing political commitment to the provision of social housing and the initiation of a number of strategies to adequately fund and co-ordinate services for homeless households, the number of homeless households has stabilized in recent years. Such strategies and provision confound depictions of the Irish state embracing neo-liberalism, and highlight the difficulties of classifying the Irish welfare regime or indeed Irish housing policy within existing typologies. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 323-343 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:323-343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Volker Busch-Geertsema Author-X-Name-First: Volker Author-X-Name-Last: Busch-Geertsema Title: THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE STATE IN GERMAN HOUSING AND SOCIAL POLICY Abstract: This paper discusses recent changes in the role of the German state in relation to welfare and housing and, to a lesser extent, recent state initiatives in tackling homelessness. The analysis leads to the conclusion that some of more radical changes apparent in other European countries are less relevant in the German context because the role of the central state (after the war) was never as strong as in some other countries, and because the German state (including the local state) has traditionally been less important as a direct provider of services and housing. While we can confirm a roll back of the state in the area of housing, recent changes in regard to welfare provision for unemployed and poor people are illustrative of‘regulatory restructuring’and of a‘roll out’of state intervention (Peck and Tickell 2002). At the same time as earnings-related elements of social security systems are being reduced and means-tested benefit systems are gaining in importance, a number of new techniques, sanctions and obligatory measures to promote activation and workfare have been introduced, thereby modernizing, intensifying and individualizing the influence of public administration on unemployed and poor citizens. The reform of the basic-income schemes following on the Hartz Commission recommendations will also lead to significant shifts of financial and administrative responsibilities between central, regional and local levels of the state. The responsibility for bearing the housing costs of long-term unemployed people will no longer be shared by all three state levels but become the sole responsibility of local authorities. However, with constantly shrinking powers to influence supply and allocation of housing, local authorities are not in a good position for taking over this responsibility. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 303-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/1461671042000307279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1461671042000307279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:4:y:2004:i:3:p:303-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Stephens Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Stephens Title: An Assessment of the British Housing Benefit System Abstract: The British Housing Benefit system has become one of the central pillars of housing policy as well as a major element in the social security system. Housing Benefit has enabled government to switch housing subsidies away from ‘bricks and mortar’ subsidies and it has become the main housing subsidy. It has also underpinned other policies that have transformed the housing system, including the homelessness legislation, the liberalisation of the private rented sector, private finance for housing associations and the transfer of local authority housing to housing associations. Over time its objectives have narrowed with much more emphasis being placed on its income maintenance objective and rather less on a wider affordability objective. Nevertheless, it performs both objectives reasonably well in the social rented sector, but is increasingly failing in the private rented sector where restrictions aimed at controlling costs have become much more onerous. It is often suggested that design of Housing Benefit seems likely to lead to work disincentives and over-consumption of housing, but the evidence is weak. While the system is difficult to administer, it is cheap to administer (compared to many other benefits). Current policy development is aimed at extending choice by creating incentives for claimants to consume housing more efficiently, as well as removing some of the administrative deterrents to moving into work. Longer term it seems likely that the system will need to adapt to the growth of tax credits with which it is not well aligned. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 111-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:111-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hegedüs Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hegedüs Author-Name: N. Teller Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Teller Title: Development of the Housing Allowance Programmes in Hungary in the Context of CEE Transitional Countries Abstract: This paper explores the background of the emerging of housing allowance system in Hungary after 1990 in the context of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Housing allowance in Hungary was first introduced as a decentralized (local government managed) programme, but it went through a development process. The programme was more a part of the safety net system than a demand side subsidy, and its limited role can be explained by the lack of financial incentives of local governments. A new programme was introduced in 2004, where the cooperation between central government and local governments is better founded and, hence, will lead to a restructuring of the scope of the benefit programme. The Hungarian housing system seems to move towards a housing and welfare regime in which the state (public housing) plays increasingly less role, the transition process puts more and more burden on the families, and the safety net provides help only to the neediest families (very low-income households and those in a crisis situation). While this seems to be close to a combination of the liberal and‘rudimental’ welfare regimes, the institutional structure of the welfare regime is still in the process of change. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 187-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:187-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bengt Turner Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Title: Housing Allowances: Finding a Balance Between Social Justice and Market Incentives Abstract: Safeguarding the affordability of, and thereby access to, housing is a key issue in housing policies across Europe. Housing allowance schemes have become a more important tool in pursuit of this aim in many countries during the past few decades. This themed issue reports on developments and dilemmas concerning housing allowance schemes in five countries. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 103-109 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:103-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinar Türker-Devecigil Author-X-Name-First: Pinar Author-X-Name-Last: Türker-Devecigil Title: Urban Transformation Projects as a Model to Transform Gecekondu Areas in Turkey: The Example of Dikmen Valley – Ankara Abstract: Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in transforming the gecekondu areas into more liveable places in Turkey. These practices have taken place especially in the form of urban transformation projects. The most popular example is the Dikmen Valley Housing and Environmental Development Project, which is the first example in Turkey and the largest in scale. This paper focuses on the general characteristics of urban transformation projects in Turkey with reference to developments in the Dikmen Valley. The paper examines this project model as an alternative approach to the transformation problems in terms of the financial model, participation process, legislative framework, social inclusion strategies and diversified perceptions of the transformation problem. The paper concludes that the success of such projects requires awareness of the weaknesses and strengths of the model so that they can be adapted to other cases, which are all unique in terms of the problems encountered. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 211-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500163390 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500163390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:211-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kath Hulse Author-X-Name-First: Kath Author-X-Name-Last: Hulse Author-Name: Bill Randolph Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Randolph Title: Workforce Disincentive Effects of Housing Allowances and Public Housing for Low Income Households in Australia Abstract: There is emerging interest in whether, and how, different types of rental housing assistance contribute to disincentives to entering paid work or working more hours. Using Australia as an example, the article compares the theoretical effects of housing allowances and public housing in terms of work disincentives. It also reports on empirical research that examined how households perceive such disincentives and the degree to which they affect decision making about paid employment, based on a survey of 400 public and private renters searching for paid work in Sydney and Melbourne. The research found that most households understood how their rental housing assistance would change when moving into work, and that this had little effect on private renters in receipt of housing allowances but did affect a sizeable minority of public renters. Job seekers identified the main difficulties in getting a job as age discrimination by employers, lack of personal skills and self-confidence, and location of housing relative to jobs. This highlights the importance of assessing the locational outcomes for households of different types of rental housing assistance, including housing allowances. 1 Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 147-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:147-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilse Helbrecht Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Helbrecht Title: A Review Of: “Globalisation and Home Ownership: Experiences in Eight Member States of the European Union” Journal: Pages: 231-236 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500163408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500163408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:231-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sien Winters Author-X-Name-First: Sien Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Title: Are There Grounds for Housing Allowances in Flanders (Belgium)? Abstract: In Belgium, housing policy is one of the responsibilities of the regional governments. According to the Belgian Constitution, every citizen has the right to decent and affordable housing. However, the violation of this right for many families is increasingly contested. In particular, the problems of poor housing quality and of rising housing costs on the private rental market are being raised. In the past, housing policy in Belgium (and Flanders) has mainly been directed towards home ownership. There is no housing benefit for the private rental sector and the social housing sector remains limited. The Flemish government is now being challenged to develop a new approach towards the private rental sector. The introduction of a housing allowance is being considered. In this article, we describe the problems affecting the private rental market in Flanders. We discuss possible policy instruments, more specifically the introduction of a housing allowance, within the theoretical framework of neo-classical economic theory and within the institutional and regulatory framework of Flemish housing policy. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 167-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:167-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viggo Nordvik Author-X-Name-First: Viggo Author-X-Name-Last: Nordvik Author-Name: PER ÅHRéN Author-X-Name-First: PER Author-X-Name-Last: ÅHRéN Title: The Duration of Housing Allowance Claims and Labour Market Disincentives: The Norwegian Case Abstract: Housing allowances in Norway are meant to enable low-income households to increase, or maintain, their housing consumption. In order to identify low-income households and to ensure a desirable vertical equity, the allowances decrease as income rises. The marginal withdrawal of housing allowances as income increases is quite high. Interacting with the tax system this might potentially produce a dependency culture and a depressing effect on the supply of labour.A dependency culture would yield long spells as recipients of housing allowances. This paper demonstrates that this is not the case for single parents and families with children. Around 30 per cent of the receivers from these groups drop out of the system every year. Furthermore the hazards (probability of dropping out) seem to be independent of the length of the claim. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 131-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710500162608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710500162608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:131-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Stevenson Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Stevenson Author-Name: James Young Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: Forecasting Housing Supply: Empirical Evidence from the Irish Market Abstract: This paper compares the performance of three alternative models in forecasting housing supply in the Irish Republic. The results highlight key behavioural issues in the dynamics of housing supply that the OLS and VAR models fail to adequately capture due to the inclusion of fundamental variables in their specification. The behaviour of developers in delaying projects means that housing supply can often respond slowly to demand shocks. For this reason the OLS and VAR models substantially over-estimate housing supply during the period 1998–2001. In comparison the simple ARIMA model provides generally accurate forecasts of supply. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601132518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601132518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George Galster Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Galster Title: Neighbourhood Social Mix as a Goal of Housing Policy: A Theoretical Analysis Abstract: Many western European housing policies have tried to increase the residential mix of advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Unfortunately, policymakers have given little consideration to how these groups will interact as neighbours. There are numerous theoretically grounded mechanisms by which the social mix of a neighbourhood may influence socio-economic outcomes of its residents. These mechanisms differ on the basis of which group is generating the social externality in the neighbourhood, whether this externality is positive or negative, whether it affects all residents equally, and whether the marginal externality generated by adding one more member of a particular group is constant, proportional, or is characterized by a threshold effect. This paper demonstrates that a social mix housing policy can be justified only under a circumscribed set of the preceding parameters. Indeed, depending on the mechanism assumed, social efficiency implies that neighbourhoods should be either: equally mixed, have the disadvantaged group dispersed as widely as possible, or rigidly segregated; for other mechanisms, mix becomes irrelevant. Thus, for formulating and justifying a mixed housing policy on either efficiency or equity grounds it is crucial to understand exactly what sort of neighbourhood effect(s) is operating in neighbourhoods. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 19-43 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601132526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601132526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:19-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Gruis Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Gruis Author-Name: Nico Nieboer Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Nieboer Title: Government Regulation and Market Orientation in the Management of Social Housing Assets: Limitations and Opportunities for European and Australian Landlords Abstract: In the past ten to 20 years, governments in various countries have introduced or reinforced market principles in their housing systems. As a consequence, social landlords should have increased opportunities to adopt a more market-oriented approach towards the management of their housing stock. Nevertheless, in many countries governments still have a substantial influence on the social rented housing sector. In this paper we analyse the influence of statutory regulations on the management of the social rented housing stock in four European countries and in Australia, in order to assess to what extent these regulations help or impede the development of a market-oriented asset management. It is concluded that the social landlords in most of the countries studied have some autonomy which enables a more market-oriented asset management. Nevertheless, the assumption that giving greater freedom to market forces and reducing government influence and support lead to a more market-oriented asset management by itself does not hold for all countries. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 45-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601132542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601132542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:45-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joachim Kirchner Author-X-Name-First: Joachim Author-X-Name-Last: Kirchner Title: The Declining Social Rental Sector in Germany Abstract: The proportion of social rental housing has fallen very strongly in the former West Germany since the middle of the 1960s. In comparison with other European countries, Germany has only a small social housing quota but a high percentage of private rental housing. For the future, a further decline in the social housing quota is expected. This paper compares the definition of social housing in Germany with the definitions in other countries. It also shows how housing policy has responded to the declining social housing stocks and tries to explain the large private rental sector. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 85-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601132567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601132567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:85-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: A Reviews of: “How to Help People Excluded from Decent Housing? Co-Operate! Experiences from 9 European Cities: Report on Good Practice in Cooperation and Transferable Lessons” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 103-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601132591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601132591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:103-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Slaev Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Slaev Title: Bulgarian Policies towards the Roma Housing Problem and Roma Squatter Settlements Abstract: The paper argues that the national and local authorities in Bulgaria do not utilize the vast experience accumulated by many developed and developing countries, the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) and the World Bank in providing housing for the poor and dealing with squatter settlements. Ignoring this experience is a serious omission, which has resulted in a typically inefficient, top-down ‘slum eradication’ policy. New large-scale projects funded under European programmes also follow this flawed approach. The research identifies several important factors which could inform the development of better policies. For example, it stresses the existing extremely high rate of uncontrolled construction of robust housing made with reinforced concrete in the Roma neighbourhoods. The paper concludes that this is a critical factor, which has become the major threat to living conditions and leaves no other alternative but to regularize the settlements and develop streets and other infrastructure. Yet these high rates of construction serve as evidence that Roma households are capable of contributing to the solution of their own housing problems if only their development initiative is encouraged in the proper direction. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 63-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710601134753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710601134753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:63-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anwen Jones Author-X-Name-First: Anwen Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Author-Name: Deborah Quilgars Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Quilgars Author-Name: Janneke Toussaint Author-X-Name-First: Janneke Author-X-Name-Last: Toussaint Title: Home Owners' Perceptions of and Responses to Risk Abstract: Home ownership sectors in most European countries have experienced growth in recent decades and by the mid-1990s the majority of EU15 households were home owners. While a great deal of attention has been paid to the rise in home ownership per se, the extent to which households in different EU member states strategize about the positive and negative risks of home ownership, particularly in relation to other risks in their lives, has not been researched. Contemporary debate suggests that society is a riskier one than in earlier times and home owners face a number of risks associated with changes in labour markets and national social security systems. This paper draws on interviews with households across eight European member states and examines households' perceptions of the security and insecurity aspects of home ownership and their responses to perceived risk. The analysis suggests that respondents' views are shaped by a wide range of factors, including at least to some extent the institutional context. Overall, however, respondents tended not to perceive negative risks and demonstrated a strong belief in the security aspects of home ownership. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 129-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701308539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701308539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:129-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Andersson Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson Author-Name: Päivi Naumanen Author-X-Name-First: Päivi Author-X-Name-Last: Naumanen Author-Name: Hannu Ruonavaara Author-X-Name-First: Hannu Author-X-Name-Last: Ruonavaara Author-Name: Bengt Turner Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: Housing, Socio-Economic Security and Risks. A Qualitative Comparison of Household Attitudes in Finland and Sweden Abstract: This paper addresses the meaning of housing and the perception of socio-economic security of different forms of tenure in Sweden and Finland. Household interviews reveal that, in stark contrast to Finland, Swedish respondents think that home ownership is not safer than renting. Few ‘absolutists’ can be found in Sweden who believe that one tenure is superior to the other, while home ownership is still favoured in Finland despite a major housing crash in the 1990s. However, some similarities were also present: for example, even though renting has a much more positive image in Sweden than in Finland, home ownership nonetheless was the number one housing preference. There are prima facie reasons to assume that attitudes in the two countries would tend towards convergence given the marked similarities in culture and society due to common history and cultural diffusion (usually from Sweden to Finland) and similar welfare state models producing relatively low income inequality. The paper hypothesizes that differences in attitudes are due to different institutional arrangements in connection with different cultural values attached to housing and tenure. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 151-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701308547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701308547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:151-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janneke Toussaint Author-X-Name-First: Janneke Author-X-Name-Last: Toussaint Author-Name: Gudrun Tegeder Author-X-Name-First: Gudrun Author-X-Name-Last: Tegeder Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Author-Name: Ilse Helbrecht Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Helbrecht Title: Security and Insecurity of Home Ownership: Germany and the Netherlands Abstract: This paper examines the experience of households in two adjacent countries, Germany and the Netherlands, both of which have relatively modest levels of home ownership but significantly different housing systems. Population growth is slowing down in Germany, while it is still increasing in the Netherlands. German house prices are stable while Dutch prices have been rising considerably for 25 years now. The central question is whether people in these two different contexts, which are both faced with globalization and social security reforms, have similar perceptions of the securities and insecurities of home ownership. The paper is based on institutional studies and 20 interviews among home owners and ten interviews among tenants in both countries. The central issues here are the perceptions of (in)security and equity. The paper concludes that in both countries home ownership is perceived as a nest-egg and a ‘pension in stone’. However, it is also associated with insecurity. In Germany many households saw house prices as a source of insecurity. This can be explained by strong fluctuations in house prices in Germany and the fear that the declining population might adversely affect the situation and hence the ‘pension in stone’. In the Netherlands a policy change—particularly a change in tax relief for mortgage-holders—was the main worry. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 173-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701308562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701308562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:173-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Doling Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Doling Author-Name: Nick Horsewood Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Horsewood Author-Name: Peter Neuteboom Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Neuteboom Title: Why Do European Home Owners Experience Loan Repayment Difficulties? Some Preliminary Results of Combining Macro and Micro Approaches Abstract: In recent decades, more and more European households have become home owners. Typically, this has been achieved with the help of a loan, repaid over a number of years to cover a proportion of the purchase price. Some households in some countries and at some times experience financial hardship in repaying the loan, which may lead to mortgage default and eventually repossession. Understanding why some individuals experience financial difficulties, and why that may be translated into housing loan difficulties, non-payment and then the loss of the home, has significance in both scientific and policy terms. The present paper reports preliminary results from ongoing work that aims to combine two approaches to the study of loan repayment difficulties. Reporting first on results from a study using macro data that identifies the importance of national institutional arrangements such as labour and financial markets, these are used second to inform analysis using micro data obtained from the European Community Household Panel survey. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 193-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701308570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701308570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:193-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: A Reviews of: “Henri Lefebvre: A Critical Introduction” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 211-234 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701308588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701308588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:211-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Doling Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Doling Author-Name: Janet Ford Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Ford Title: A Union of Home Owners Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 113-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701309446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701309446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:113-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bengt Turner Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: In Memorian Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: iii-iii Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701339070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701339070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:iii-iii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Sunega Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Sunega Author-Name: Martin Lux Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Lux Title: Market-Based Housing Finance Efficiency in the Czech Republic Abstract: The article aims to analyse housing finance efficiency in the Czech Republic, especially so called ‘intermediation efficiency’. ‘Intermediation efficiency’ applies to a set of institutional factors, risks (such as interest rate, credit and liquidity risks), government subsidies and legislative conditions that affect the cost of intermediating housing loans. The methodology of the research combined quantitative and qualitative surveys among mortgage lenders and housing-savings banks in the Czech Republic with an analysis of secondary data. The purpose of the research was to get an idea about how efficient the market-based housing finance in the Czech Republic is and to point out its potential weaknesses and shortcomings. Despite several shortcomings described in this article, the ‘intermediation efficiency’ of financial institutions providing housing loans in the Czech Republic could be considered relatively high. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 241-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:241-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tony Dalton Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Dalton Author-Name: Rachel Ong Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Ong Title: Welfare to Work in Australia: Disability Income Support, Housing Affordability and Employment Incentives Abstract: Internationally, considerable policy attention is being paid to increasing the employment participation of disabled working-age people. Like other OECD countries, Australia has experienced growth in the number of Disability Support Pension (DSP) recipients due to changes in industry structure and increases in precarious employment. This history is well-rehearsed in policy debates. However, little research attention has been given to the housing circumstances of DSP recipients. This is important, particularly when we note the increasing incidence of working-age DSP recipients in the private rental market and public housing. For public renters the incidence has more than tripled to 27 per cent over the period 1982–2002. This paper addresses two questions: ‘What are the housing circumstances of DSP recipients?’ and ‘What are the likely consequences of programme changes aimed at increasing employment participation of DSP recipients?’ Using Australia as an example, this article considers interactions between the new disability payment system being implemented through Welfare to Work, housing costs and employment income. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 275-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:275-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gergely Kiss Author-X-Name-First: Gergely Author-X-Name-Last: Kiss Author-Name: Gábor Vadas Author-X-Name-First: Gábor Author-X-Name-Last: Vadas Title: The Role of the Housing Market in Monetary Transmission – Evidence from Hungary Abstract: The housing market becomes more essential in monetary policy. This paper attempts to analyse the role of the housing market in the monetary transmission mechanism with special focus on Hungary. The study first summarizes the experiences of developed countries, paying special attention to issues arising from the monetary union. It then examines the developments in the Hungarian housing and mortgage markets in the last years, as well as the expected developments and changes attendant to the adoption of the euro. Using different econometric techniques such as time series, panel and pooled-mean-group (PMG) estimators, the study investigates the link between macro-economic variables and house prices in Hungary, and the effect of monetary policy on housing investment and consumption. Apart from the standard transmission channels, we identified two other effects, which influence the role of the Hungarian housing market in monetary transmission. Looking ahead, the expected effects of the single monetary policy of the eurozone on the Hungarian markets are also discussed. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 299-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:299-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kim McKee Author-X-Name-First: Kim Author-X-Name-Last: McKee Title: Community Ownership in Glasgow: The Devolution of Ownership and Control, or a Centralizing Process? Abstract: The largest housing stock transfer in Europe, the 2003 Glasgow transfer, promises to ‘empower’ tenants by devolving ownership and control from the state to local communities. This is to be delivered through a devolved structure in which day to day housing management is delegated to a citywide network of 60 Local Housing Organizations, governed at the neighbourhood level by committees of local residents. The receiving landlord, the Glasgow Housing Association, has further made commitments to disaggregate the organization via Second Stage Transfer in order to facilitate local community ownership, as well as management of the housing stock. This paper argues that while the Glasgow transfer has enhanced local control in the decision-making process within the limits permitted by the transfer framework, it has nonetheless failed to deliver the levels of involvement aspired to by those actively engaged in the process. Displaying, at times, more of the semblance of a movement than an organization, the Glasgow Housing Association operates a classic centre-periphery divide. These tense central-local relations have contributed to the emergence of conflict which has further undermined negotiations surrounding the realization of full community ownership via Second Stage Transfer. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 319-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477946 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:319-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Norris Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Norris Author-Name: Dermot Coates Author-X-Name-First: Dermot Author-X-Name-Last: Coates Author-Name: Fiona Kane Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Kane Title: Breaching the Limits of Owner Occupation? Supporting Low-Income Buyers in the Inflated Irish Housing Market Abstract: The Republic of Ireland broadly has relatively high rates of home ownership compared to the rest of western Europe, which are related to the longstanding, broadly targeted state subsidization of home purchase provided as part of an implicit tradition of asset-based welfare. During the 1980s, however, several of these generalist subsidies were abolished and the remainder reoriented towards enabling low income households to purchase a home, while the last ten years have seen unprecedented house price inflation. This article, which examines the operation of these low income home buyers' supports in five case study areas, reaches largely negative conclusions about their efficacy in the current housing market context. Despite efforts to increase transactions by introducing new schemes of this type, levels of use have remained static since the early 1990s. These measures have failed to stem the recent fall in the proportion of Irish households that own their homes. More seriously, widespread arrears on mortgages held by scheme participants casts doubts on the sustainability of the home ownership they facilitate. Thus, the Irish case demonstrates that even when heavily subsidized home ownership does have structural limits and highlights the problems associated with attempting to breech these limits by lifting low-income households into this tenure. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 337-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:337-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Kovalenko Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Kovalenko Author-Name: Alexander Puzanov Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Puzanov Author-Name: Robert Buckley Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Buckley Title: A review of “Crossing the line. Vagrancy, Homelessness and Social Displacement in Russia” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 357-366 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701477987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701477987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:357-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Author-Name: Iván Tosics Author-X-Name-First: Iván Author-X-Name-Last: Tosics Author-Name: Christine Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: Bengt Turner—Three Appreciations Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 235-240 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701496789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701496789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:235-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dieter Gstach Author-X-Name-First: Dieter Author-X-Name-Last: Gstach Title: The Housing Rental Rate Elasticity of Aggregate Consumption: A Panel Study for OECD Countries Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of changing housing rental rates upon aggregate consumption based on yearly data for 18 OECD countries observed between 1970 and 2004. Estimates of long run elasticities are derived from cointegrating relationships with panel estimation techniques and compared with estimates implicitly given in short run dynamic equations. The results across all estimation approaches yield similar magnitudes and indicate a significantly negative impact of rental rate increases upon aggregate consumption. For the EU-25 or the USA, for example, relevant elasticities lie in the range between −0.13 and −0.17. The jointly estimated elasticities of the wealth components seem unaffected, relative to previous studies, by the inclusion of the rental housing market variables. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 367-382 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701650419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701650419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:4:p:367-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Jones Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Private Investment in Rented Housing and the Role of REITS Abstract: Real Estate Investment Trusts are being introduced throughout the world. This paper examines whether their introduction will promote private investment in rented housing. It draws on the evidence from the USA and Australia where residential REITs have been established successfully and unsuccessfully, respectively. From these experiences, it draws together the necessary conditions in the housing market for residential REITs to prosper. Using these criteria the paper then focuses on the demand and supply conditions in the private rented sector of the UK and assesses the implications. The introduction of residential REITs into the UK and in other countries is shown to face a range of challenges with success not guaranteed. The establishment of residential REITs per se will not necessarily generate a substantive expansion of the private rented sector at least in the short term. Enabling the conversion of the large housing associations to REITs in the UK arguably provides the most likely route for the long-term growth of the private rented sector by this means. The blurring of the distinction between private and social landlords in turn raises some fundamental policy questions about the goals of such institutions. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 383-400 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701650427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701650427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:4:p:383-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sonia Arbaci Author-X-Name-First: Sonia Author-X-Name-Last: Arbaci Title: Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between welfare and (ethnic) segregation across Western Europe (16 countries) until the mid-1990s, including for the first time Southern Europe. It investigates the ways in which the diverse housing systems, embodied in wider welfare regimes, shape and reflect different principles of stratification, and consequently, it reveals the different ways in which the resulting mechanisms of differentiation crucially influence the scale and nature of patterns of ethnic and socio-spatial segregation, particularly among low-income and vulnerable groups. Spatial and social dimensions of segregation are disentangled in each welfare/housing regime (four ideal-typical clusters), as are their roots in the state-market relationship and entrenched distributive arrangements. Differences in mechanisms of social and spatial differentiation are sought in each cluster, while weaving together housing tenures and housing provision analyses and identifying land supply arrangements as a common variable. This opens further investigative lines towards planning realms, hardly regarded in segregation studies, reinforcing the importance of land in the social and spatial division of urban societies. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 401-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701650443 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701650443 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:4:p:401-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Norris Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Norris Author-Name: Dermot Coates Author-X-Name-First: Dermot Author-X-Name-Last: Coates Title: The Uneven Geography of Housing Allowance Claims in Ireland: Administrative, Financial and Social Implications Abstract: This article employs administrative data on claimants of rent supplement—the principal housing allowance for private renting households in the Republic of Ireland—to examine spatial variations in the numbers of claimants, the cost of this benefit and the characteristics of claimant households both within and between different regions. It reveals that these spatial variations illuminate some of the reasons for the unexpectedly high growth in both the numbers of claimants and the cost of rent supplement over the last decade. This geographical analysis casts doubts on several of the key supposed benefits of using housing allowances, rather than capital grant aid for social housing provision, to cater for the accommodation needs of low-income households. It reveals that, due to uneven claimant geography, the costs of the former are just as difficult to control as the latter. Moreover, housing allowances do not necessarily afford claimants greater consumer choice. As a result of funding constraints and discrimination by landlords their locational choices are severely constrained which in turn means that the socio-spatial segregation associated with housing allowances is as significant as that effected by social housing provision. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 435-458 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701650468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701650468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:4:p:435-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book Reviews Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 459-488 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701650476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701650476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:7:y:2007:i:4:p:459-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lena Turner Author-X-Name-First: Lena Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: Who Gets What and Why? Vacancy Chains in Stockholm's Housing Market Abstract: The importance of physical resources in influencing life chances makes the study of resource allocation processes and rules especially pertinent and this leads naturally to the question: who gets what and why? This article focuses on the significance of housing construction for residential mobility and addresses the vital question: who will gain from new construction? It examines whether it is possible to build directly for well-resourced households and hope that it indirectly also supports lower income households. It also examines the possibility that changes in the way in which the housing market operates with market-driven construction, geared at a post-modern housing lifestyle, have changed the situation for less well resourced households, compared to traditional housing construction. The study is based on a unique longitudinal database that covers the total population in Sweden over the period 2000–2002. The data are analysed using a Markov chain model that provides a way of analysing the relationship between vacancies in the housing market and household mobility. Tentative answers to questions on the length of the vacancy chains that are created when different types of dwellings become vacant in Stockholm city and what type of households are involved and not involved, are given. These answers have important implications for urban planning. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Author-Name: Marietta Haffner Author-X-Name-First: Marietta Author-X-Name-Last: Haffner Author-Name: Harry Van Der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Heijden Title: Threats to the Dutch Unitary Rental Market Abstract: Social rental housing has once again captured a strong position on the Dutch political agenda. This has happened especially since the European Commission sent a letter to the Dutch government indicating that the Dutch social rental sector was not considered EU-proof from the viewpoint of the European Union's competition policy. The letter coincided with criticisms from Dutch politicians that housing associations had not been performing well enough for some time, given their abundant resources. However, in an international context, the Dutch social rental sector is often regarded as a good system for providing affordable housing to those who need it, without the sector being marginalized and stigmatized. Jim Kemeny has classified this market as one in which the social rental sector in due course competes with the private rental sector on equal or almost equal terms as a unitary rental market. The starting point of this paper is whether the achievement of a unitary rental sector is threatened by the EU's competition policy. It will also discuss two other possible threats to the future of the Dutch unitary rental market: the threat to take surplus capital away from housing associations and have government decide on what to invest; and the attractiveness of home-ownership to households. We conclude that the character of the Dutch unitary rental sector is indeed under threat, although mostly by stealth. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 21-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:21-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hal Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Author-Name: Emma Davidson Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Davidson Title: Radically Divergent? Homelessness Policy and Practice in Post-devolution Scotland Abstract: This paper reviews the evolution of homelessness policy and practice in Scotland since the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. It uses, as its reference point, simultaneous developments in England. It critically examines the practicability of flagship Scottish government policy to widen the remit of the homelessness legislation – effectively an extension of citizenship rights. This is compared with the more ‘consumerist’ tilt of the New Labour housing policy in England. At the same time, the paper draws attention to the parallels in the recent development of homelessness policy in the two jurisdictions; in the promotion of a ‘strategic approach’ to homelessness on the part of local authorities and the associated advocacy of ‘prevention-focused practice’. Drawing on empirical research in both Scotland and England, the paper compares and contrasts approaches to homelessness prevention north and south of the border, and explores the limits of ‘devolutionary divergence’ in this policy area. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 39-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:39-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Ong Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Ong Title: Unlocking Housing Equity Through Reverse Mortgages: The Case of Elderly Homeowners in Australia Abstract: This paper investigates the extent to which reverse mortgages can improve the economic well-being of elderly Australian homeowners. Reverse mortgages are designed to enable elderly homeowners to unlock illiquid wealth tied up in their housing equity to generate income. The elderly borrow against the value of their homes. However, no repayments are made until the house is sold or the elderly borrower dies. The findings from this paper indicate that the scope for reverse mortgages to improve economic well-being is considerable in Australia. Elderly homeowners who are likely to receive the largest gains from reverse mortgages are very elderly, single, female and have significant housing equity. However, in areas with slow house price appreciation rates elderly homeowners who enter into reverse mortgages face the risk of being left with little housing equity to draw on when needed or to bequeath to their beneficiaries when they pass away. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 61-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:61-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: Real Estate Investors and Housing Associations: A Level Playing Field? The Dutch Case Abstract: The new European Reform Treaty, which was agreed politically in 2007, includes a separate protocol which allows European member states considerable freedom to organize and run their social amenities – including social housing. It appears that housing associations are eligible for state support, but only provided certain conditions are met. This arrangement is unlikely to finally resolve the tension between European competition policy and national autonomy in social housing policy. This tension has been highlighted by a recent complaint from the Association of Institutional Property Investors in the Netherlands (IVBN) concerning state support for Dutch housing associations. This paper discusses the nature and background of this complaint. As there is still very little experience of policy or case law in this area, it is difficult to predict how Brussels will respond to the IVBN complaint. The implications of EU competition policy on the position and remit of the Dutch housing associations are still unclear. What is clear, however, is that, once again, the social housing providers in the European Union in general, and the housing associations in the Netherlands in particular, face a long period of uncertainty. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 81-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:81-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book Reviews Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 97-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710701817182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710701817182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:97-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathleen Scanlon Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen Author-X-Name-Last: Scanlon Author-Name: Jens Lunde Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Lunde Author-Name: Christine Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: Mortgage Product Innovation in Advanced Economies: More Choice, More Risk Abstract: In many developed countries, house prices have been rising rapidly, mortgage debt has been increasing and affordability has worsened. It is in this context that the standard annuity mortgage is increasingly being supplanted by mortgages with non-standard features, such as longer terms or interest-only payments. Many of these new features aim to reduce the borrower's monthly debt service in the initial period of the loan. While these new mortgage types help households to enter owner-occupation and to vary their expenditure patterns, the long-term cost to the borrower cannot normally be less than for a standard product. Moreover, such mortgages can also be more risky: the interest-only borrower does not accumulate equity as an annuity borrower does, and loans with longer terms expose the borrower to greater risk of interest-rate or other economic shocks. As a result both borrowers pay more and the housing finance system may be more fragile. This paper brings together evidence from 13 developed countries about house prices, debt and affordability, and particularly the availability and market share of mortgages with these new features. It analyses trends over the last ten years and discusses the risks of these mortgages compared to standard annuity products. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 109-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802037359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802037359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:109-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karl Case Author-X-Name-First: Karl Author-X-Name-Last: Case Author-Name: John Quigley Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Quigley Title: How Housing Booms Unwind: Income Effects, Wealth Effects, and Feedbacks through Financial Markets Abstract: This paper considers dynamics in the reversal of booms in the housing market. We analyze three related mechanisms which govern the propagation of changes in the housing market throughout the rest of an advanced economy: wealth effects, income effects, and effects through financial markets. As the decade-long boom in the US housing market unwinds, we anticipate that there will be small wealth effects transmitted to the economy, but there will be large income effects affecting the rest of the economy and substantial financial market effects. If the current decline in housing starts and residential investment echoes the declines of the last three housing downturns, we estimate that gross national product (GNP) growth will be reduced by close to 3 per cent. Beyond the decline in housing investment, the recent turmoil in financial markets makes a recession induced by housing market conditions increasingly likely. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 161-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802037383 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802037383 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:161-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María-Teresa Martínez Author-X-Name-First: María-Teresa Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez Title: The Spanish Financial System: Facing up to the Real Estate Crisis and Credit Crunch Abstract: Finance linked to construction and the housing industry has been the most dynamic element of credits and loans granted by Spanish financial institutions. In fact, 60 per cent of the credit granted to the private sector residents is related to the activity in the real estate sector. The rise in the interest rate during the last two years, the over-valuation in house prices, the evident excess of housing supply and the growing debt levels of Spanish families are responsible for ending the period of long and rapid growth in the sector. In the face of the resultant uncertainty the most optimistic analysts predicted a smooth slow-down with a limited impact on the financial system and the growth of the economy. The subprime mortgage crisis that arose in the summer of 2007 has set off a re-evaluation of the credit risk and this has brought a tightening of the terms for granting credit. A contraction in the supply of credit does not guarantee that the slowdown will be smooth. The question lies in estimating the scale of the financial crisis and the crisis in the housing sector, and assessing whether the Spanish financial system is strong enough to face up to this new situation. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 181-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802037425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802037425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:181-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Stephens Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Stephens Author-Name: Deborah Quilgars Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Quilgars Title: Sub-prime Mortgage Lending in the UK Abstract: This article draws on a census survey of lenders and other published evidence to provide a critical overview of the sub-prime mortgage sector in the UK. Its origins and growth are identified as lying in a combination of changes in the structure of the economy and the introduction of automated credit scoring. The sub-prime market serves a diversity of needs with a clear function of credit repair being suggested by the high proportion of re-mortgages into the sector. Sub-prime borrowers are drawn from across the social and economic spectrum yet significantly higher levels of default are found among them. While much of this additional risk is inherent in the market the institutional structure that underpins sub-prime lending in the UK appears to amplify the levels of risk unnecessarily. Sub-prime lending is conducted disproportionately through centralised lenders reliant on securitization for funding and using brokers to originate loans. This builds a series of information asymmetries into the system and has exposed borrowers to volatility in rates and credit supply that occurred from the fall in world-wide liquidity in 2007. It is suggested that in principle risks could be better handled by integrating the sub-prime market within the mainstream market and applying a graduated approach to risk-based pricing. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 197-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802037458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802037458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:197-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marietta Haffner Author-X-Name-First: Marietta Author-X-Name-Last: Haffner Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Author-Name: Joris Hoekstra Author-X-Name-First: Joris Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra Title: Rent Regulation: The Balance between Private Landlords and Tenants in Six European Countries Abstract: The private rental sector has been declining in many European countries. In describing the decline of the private rental sector, it is often suggested that a causal relationship exists between the decrease in private renting and rent control. The assumption is that the stricter the form of rent control, the greater the decrease in private renting levels. Or, conversely, that with fewer rent controls there are more opportunities for the private rental sector. At the same time, however, an unregulated rental market may result in insecurity for tenants. This text focuses on conflicts of interest between private landlords and tenants in the regulation of rents, from a welfare economics viewpoint. We present the results of a comparative study that involves France, England, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands. We describe the system of rent regulation in each country. We conclude that the balance achieved between landlords and tenants as a result of rent regulation may not be as clear-cut as it is often presented to be. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 217-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802037466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802037466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:217-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Stephens Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Stephens Author-Name: Christine Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: Introduction to the Themed Issue Dedicated to the Memory of Bengt Turner: Housing Finance Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 107-108 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802047846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802047846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:107-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Friedemann Roy Author-X-Name-First: Friedemann Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Title: Mortgage Markets in Central and Eastern Europe – A Review of Past Experiences and Future Perspectives Abstract: The collapse of the former Soviet Union and the subsequent transition process has transformed the political, social and economic landscape in central and eastern Europe, the Balkans and Russia. Reforms of the existing regulatory and institutional framework have created the basis for continued economic expansion. The resulting rising incomes of households have become one of the main drivers for prosperous banking markets. To benefit from this positive trend, many banks have opted for an expansion into mortgage lending. The objective of this paper is therefore to analyse how these countries have managed to convert the positive economic development into better housing for their citizens (including the access to mortgage credit). The paper sets out the criteria which are considered essential for the development of primary mortgage markets and compares these with mortgage market development, starting with an outline of the situation before the beginning of the transition process, including an analysis of what has enabled the emergence of the mortgage markets and finishing by an overview of the present situation. The paper concludes with an assessment of the progress made since the start of the transition process, thereby providing an outlook for the further development of mortgage markets, in particular in view of the current turbulence in the international financial markets. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 133-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802061953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802061953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:133-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Skak Author-X-Name-First: Morten Author-X-Name-Last: Skak Title: Projecting Demand for Rental Homes in Denmark Abstract: For a number of years, homeownership rates have been increasing along with increasing GDP per capita in most European countries, but not in Denmark after 2000. The present paper takes a closer look at the Danish development, and gives some indications of the future demand for rental housing. The results indicate that future rental demand will come from an increasing share of persons of old age and young people in education plus a tendency for more ‘single living’. However, with increasing real incomes for a broad ‘middle-income’ group, the projection gives a higher homeownership rate in the future. It is believed that the structural traits found in the Danish housing market and the technique employed is of interest to housing researchers in other countries. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 235-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:235-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Title: Is the Private Rented Sector an Efficient Producer of Housing Service? Private Landlords in Denmark and their Economic Strategies Abstract: The private rented sector varies much in size and character between European countries. Several studies from different countries have shown that investors in the sector are a very heterogenous group with many different motives for buying and letting out residential property. This has much importance for the efficiency of the sector. This paper reports the result of a Danish study on private landlords: their background and financial situation, their motives for buying and selling property, their business strategies and their economic return from running properties. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 263-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:263-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kosei Fukuda Author-X-Name-First: Kosei Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda Title: A Cohort Analysis of US and Japanese Homeownership Rates Abstract: Aggregate data of homeownership rates in the US and Japan, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period, and cohort effects using the Bayesian cohort models which were developed to overcome the identification problem in cohort analysis. The main data-based findings are threefold. First, in both the countries, the age effects are the largest and the period effects are the smallest. Second, US and Japanese age effects are almost identical and consistent with some life cycle theories. Third, cohort effects are larger in the US than in Japan. In particular, the downward trend in the US cohort effects in the case of baby boomers is explained by two hypotheses. Furthermore, some policy implications are provided. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 287-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:287-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreja Cirman Author-X-Name-First: Andreja Author-X-Name-Last: Cirman Title: Intergenerational Transfers as a Response to Changes in the Housing Market in Slovenia Abstract: In our paper we analyze the incidence of intergenerational family transfers in relation to the changing conditions in the housing market and the market for housing finance and transformations in the institutional framework. The results imply that the incidence of intergenerational transfers is tied to the changing conditions in the housing market and the prevailing level of interest rates. Intergenerational transfers for a home purchase therefore act as an informal source of housing finance and play a strong cushioning role in terms of the harsh market conditions along with a housing policy that gives households hardly any alternative to homeownership. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 303-315 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256710 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256710 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:303-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gelske Van Daalen Author-X-Name-First: Gelske Author-X-Name-Last: Van Daalen Author-Name: Marco Van Der Land Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Land Title: Next Steps in Choice-based Letting in the Dutch Social Housing Sector Abstract: In the Dutch social housing sector, after almost 20 years of allocating dwellings with choice-based letting (CBL), there is a growing need to adapt the allocation systems currently in use. The policy debate on improvements in housing allocation centres around three main themes. First, many policymakers are torn between the egalitarian idea of freedom of choice for all customers in the social housing market and the desire of housing associations to provide preferential treatment to certain categories of customers, such as low income groups, large households, elderly people, local residents, occupational groups, or residents from redeveloping neighbourhoods. Second, housing associations would rather do away with long waiting lists and find the right balance between doing justice to those customers needing urgent housing and those seeking a dwelling in the longer term to better suit their needs, thus improving the efficiency of housing allocation. Third, both housing associations and local governments are discussing ways of using the allocation system to change disadvantaged neighbourhoods into sustainable communities. All through The Netherlands housing associations are carrying out experiments to find solutions to these three dilemmas. This review details the current debates and experiments, and places them into the wider context of the role and function of housing associations in society. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 317-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:317-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: BOOK REVIEWS Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 329-340 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802256819 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802256819 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:329-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Adriaanse Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Adriaanse Title: The Dutch Residential Nuisance Scale: An Outcome Measure for Reported Nuisance in Subgroup Analysis Abstract: Many neighbourhoods dating from the early sixties in western European cities have reached the end of their useful life and have been slated for restructuring or are already in the process. Much is known about the prevalence and background of problems in these neighbourhoods and about the effects of measures taken so far. Less is known about the factors that keep neighbourhoods physically, economically and socially vital, however. What makes them ‘good’ or ‘viable’? Some say that certain neighbourhood types are vulnerable by design, particularly the areas built after the World War II throughout western Europe. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive approach for measuring the frequency of perceived nuisance in the residential environment. To that end, it presents some preliminary subgroup analyses investigating whether subsets of residents rate nuisance differently. A residential nuisance scale is empirically tested using multivariate analysis. The results of an exploratory factor analysis offer empirical support for the claim that the proposed model of reported frequency of residential nuisance is useful. Reliability and validity tests confirm the adequacy of the Residential Nuisance Scale–Dutch Language Version (RNS-DLV), since it correlates as expected with various criterion measures. In the future, this compact and valid instrument can serve as the dependent or independent variable in research carried out in the Netherlands and other European countries. Such research could elucidate which physical-spatial and socio-cultural factors determine the perception of nuisance in different neighbourhood types by relating the RNS to a measure of residential environmental satisfaction. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 341-360 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:341-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paddy Gray Author-X-Name-First: Paddy Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Author-Name: Ursula Mcanulty Author-X-Name-First: Ursula Author-X-Name-Last: Mcanulty Title: The Increased Role of the Private Rented Sector in Catering for Low-income Groups in Northern Ireland Abstract: Although the private rented sector (PRS) in Northern Ireland is relatively small when compared with the other tenures, it performs a number of important functions in addressing housing needs. The PRS is not homogeneous and is made up of a number of sub-markets. Rugg, Rhodes and Jones (2002) have summarised a number of demand groups for private renting, including ‘life-stage’ users, young people renting a property before entering owner occupation, short-term emergency users, such as households experiencing relationship breakdown, older renters that have been in living in privately rented housing for some time and ‘residual users’, namely households on low incomes. This paper examines data from the Northern Ireland House Condition Survey, the Continuous Household Survey and interviews tenants and estate/letting agents. The paper presents evidence indicating that those living in the PRS are increasingly ‘residual users’, i.e. those that have traditionally been housed in the social sector and outlines the reasons for this phenomenon. The paper is based on research commissioned by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive that was carried out in two phases. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 361-377 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:361-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Stamsø Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Stamsø Title: Grants for First-time Homeowners in Norway – Distributional Effects under Different Market and Political Conditions Abstract: This paper focuses on first-time homeowner grants for low-income households in Norway. Using evidence from three different years (1984, 1996 and 2005) and from different regions, the analysis examines success in achieving equity goals under different market and political conditions. The empirical results show that grant payments allocated to low-income households are suitable for attaining vertical equity. However, changes in market conditions have created horizontal inequity, since differences in housing prices have not been compensated by differences in grant payments to avoid affordability problems. The recipients have become older and more heterogeneous despite a more targeted policy from 1996 specifically aimed at young people, and in 2005 male recipients were awarded significantly higher grant payments than female recipients. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 379-397 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:379-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mats Blid Author-X-Name-First: Mats Author-X-Name-Last: Blid Author-Name: Arne Gerdner Author-X-Name-First: Arne Author-X-Name-Last: Gerdner Author-Name: Åke Bergmark Author-X-Name-First: Åke Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmark Title: Prediction of Homelessness and Housing Provisions in Swedish Municipalities Abstract: This article explores key predictors of homelessness rates in different Swedish municipalities, the accommodation provided and the coverage of accommodation to homelessness. In order to create realistic models, seven sets of factors represent various structural levels in stepwise regressions. These sets are urbanisation, economy, demographic composition, housing market, aggregated individual problems, political majority and policies and organizational features of the social services. The findings show that urbanisation is central to understanding variations in homelessness and has also impact on housing provisions. In addition, higher rent levels as well as aggregated psychiatric problems seem to increase the level of problems. Overall supply of apartments and the proportion of public housing are important factors in providing accommodation, and a demographic factor, such as the proportion of single-parent households, seems to enhance such a provision. Political majority as well as the functional organization of the social services seems independently to impact coverage rates. Despite the importance of urbanisation, findings indicate that a number of factors with impact on the problem and on the possibilities to handle them are manageable by the municipalities. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 399-421 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:399-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duncan Maclennan Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Maclennan Title: Trunks, Tails, and Elephants: Modernising Housing Policies Abstract: Over the last decade, the OECD economies, the affluent Asian economies and the transition states have mostly experienced significant upswings in house prices. Upswings have ended with the emergence of the credit crunch since 2007. Dominant policy concerns related to housing have been affordability, in the upswing, and instability, in the downswing. These policy debates have been disconnected from each other and have been led respectively by social security and finance ministries and have seldom come to grips with how housing systems appear to operate. This paper assesses recent patterns of change, critiques the imprecision of the policy debates that emerged and stresses that the stickiness of the housing system requires fuller consideration in policymaking. Housing policies have their roles to play in reducing affordability difficulties and instabilities. Globalisation has changed housing systems and whilst posing new patterns to address also raise new possibilities for delivering different housing outcomes to support meta-policy goals. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 423-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:423-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darinka Czischke Author-X-Name-First: Darinka Author-X-Name-Last: Czischke Author-Name: Gerard van Bortel Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: van Bortel Title: A Review of: “Choice and the End of Social Housing?” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 441-443 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:441-443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Louw Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Louw Title: A Review of: “Urban Sprawl in Europe: Landscape, Land-Use Change & Policy” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 443-445 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:443-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anja Szypulski Author-X-Name-First: Anja Author-X-Name-Last: Szypulski Title: A Review of: “Eigenheimförderung in Europa [Promoting Home Ownership in Europe]” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 445-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802449802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802449802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:8:y:2008:i:4:p:445-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Somerville Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Somerville Author-Name: Ellen Van Beckhoven Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: Van Beckhoven Author-Name: Ronald Van Kempen Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Author-X-Name-Last: Van Kempen Title: The Decline and Rise of Neighbourhoods: The Importance of Neighbourhood Governance Abstract: There is a substantial literature on the explanation of neighbourhood change. Most of this literature concentrates on identifying factors and developments behind processes of decline. This paper reviews the literature, focusing on the identification of patterns of neighbourhood change, and argues that the concept of neighbourhood governance is a missing link in attempts to explain these patterns. Including neighbourhood governance in the explanations of neighbourhood change and decline will produce better explanatory models and, finally, a better view about what is actually steering neighbourhood change. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 25-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:25-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Lawson Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson Title: The Transformation of Social Housing Provision in Switzerland Mediated by Federalism, Direct Democracy and the Urban/rural Divide Abstract: The transformation of Swiss social housing policy provides a rich case study for researchers interested the role of unique state structures and dynamic welfare regimes and their influence on social policy. Housing policy is rarely theorised from this perspective and this paper provides both empirical description and abstract explanation towards this goal. Swiss non-profit housing has been part of the urban landscape for more than a century and strategies promoting this tenure have mediated very different movements in public policy from municipal socialism, the co-operative movement, to privatisation and monetarism. Alongside a housing system orientated towards private landlordism, there are more than 1,500 non-profit housing providers. This paper examines transformations in their modes of provision over the 20th century, with a focus on financing arrangements. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 45-67 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693599 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693599 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:45-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Agency, Transgression and the Causation of Homelessness: A Contextualised Rational Action Analysis Abstract: Academic accounts of the causation of homelessness consistently refer to social structural factors. There is no engagement in these accounts with the possibility that ‘agency’ (individually taken actions) also has a role. The transgressive nature of factors associated with homelessness–substance misuse, poor mental health, and so on–and a desire to avoid pathologising people experiencing homelessness, may explain this lack of engagement. Transgression refers to acts that challenge boundaries of normative social behaviour. Yet, it is demonstrated in this article that agency has to be ‘written back in’ if adequate theories of homelessness and causation are to develop. Contextualised rational action theory provides a critical realist conceptual framework from which to do so, without losing sight of the importance of social structures. Drawing on three case studies, it is demonstrated that what may be considered transgressive acts that lead to homelessness–refusal to engage with support services, alcohol misuse, street sex work–can be identified as having a ‘thin’ rationality, when the context they occur within is incorporated into the analysis. This approach therefore takes agency into proper account, whilst also acknowledging the importance of structural constraints in the generation of transgressive acts and homelessness. The intention here is not to apportion ‘blame’ or to ‘pathologise’, but to take people experiencing homelessness and their circumstances, motivations and actions seriously. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 69-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:69-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Somerville Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Somerville Title: A Review of “Building on the Past: Visions of Housing Futures” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 85-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:85-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akkelies van Nes Author-X-Name-First: Akkelies Author-X-Name-Last: van Nes Title: A Review of “Turning a Town Around: A Proactive Approach to Urban Design” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 88-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:88-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Title: A Review of “The Private Rented Housing Market: Regulation or Deregulation?” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 91-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693672 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:91-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathleen Scanlon Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen Author-X-Name-Last: Scanlon Author-Name: Christine Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: A Review of “Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 93-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:93-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beisi Jia Author-X-Name-First: Beisi Author-X-Name-Last: Jia Title: A Review of “Sustainable Urban Housing in China: Principles and Case Studies for Low-Energy Design” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 95-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693730 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693730 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:95-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: József Hegedüs Author-X-Name-First: József Author-X-Name-Last: Hegedüs Title: A Review of “The Post-Socialist City: Urban Form and Space Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe after Socialism” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 98-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:98-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lia Karsten Author-X-Name-First: Lia Author-X-Name-Last: Karsten Title: A Review of “City Survivors: Bringing up Children in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 102-104 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:102-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Clapham Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Clapham Title: A Review of “Home Ownership: Beyond Asset and Insecurity” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 104-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710802693771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710802693771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:104-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Rhodes Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes Author-Name: David Mullins Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Mullins Title: Market Concepts, Coordination Mechanisms and New Actors in Social Housing Abstract: This introduction to the special issue on ‘market concepts, coordination mechanisms and new actors in social housing’ makes the case for multi-disciplinary and multi-level studies of the impacts of market-oriented policies aimed at social housing. The authors suggest that privatisation, tenant purchase programmes, market oriented policy shifts, increased regulation, changing household needs and lingering problems with stigmatisation have combined to create a challenging operating environment for social housing providers and that the phenomenon of ‘marketisation’ of social housing has four distinct strands. These are: 1) problematising, 2) bypassing, 3) replacing and 4) transforming social housing, and the focus of the articles in the special issue is on the fourth strand. Transforming social housing encompasses policies aimed at increasing the interaction between social and private housing providers, encouraging managerialist approaches to housing provision and introducing regulations and/or incentives to increase competition among social housing providers as well as between social and private landlords. The editorial concludes with suggested directions for research into the marketisation of social housing and recommends that researchers continue to pursue the connections that can be made among different disciplines in the study of organisational change in this sector. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 107-119 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:107-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darinka Czischke Author-X-Name-First: Darinka Author-X-Name-Last: Czischke Title: Managing Social Rental Housing in the EU: A Comparative Study Abstract: Since the 1980s, as part of the gradual transformation of the welfare state in large parts of Europe, many countries have witnessed a decline in the provision of social housing. Overall, there has been a trend towards housing becoming more market oriented, competitive and opened up to economic pressures. Supply subsidies to social housing have been replaced or complemented in a number of countries by demand-side subsidies through housing benefits and vouchers. In this context, social housing organisations across the European Union (EU) are facing a paradoxical challenge: while they are expected to fulfil a ‘social mission’ (i.e. provide access to decent housing to people who cannot afford it in the market), the steep reduction in subsidies and in public investment in housing are putting increasing pressure on these organisations to become more ‘market-oriented’ or ‘business-like’ as a way to become self-financing. This paper aims to shed light on these developments on the basis of the findings of a comparative study on the management of social rental housing organisations across the European Union. The study looks at how ‘social’ and ‘commercial’ objectives are reflected in strategy formulation, the key challenges faced by organisations, and the specific responses and innovative management approaches being put in place to deal with these challenges. In this paper we present and discuss findings from the study. In the relative absence of theory in this field, the analysis of findings uses a set of management concepts specifically crafted for the study of management models of social rental housing in Europe. The study is the first ever comparative European research of the management systems, values, visions and strategies of organisations that own and manage properties in the social rental sector. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 121-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920223 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920223 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:121-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marja Elsinga Author-X-Name-First: Marja Author-X-Name-Last: Elsinga Author-Name: Marietta Haffner Author-X-Name-First: Marietta Author-X-Name-Last: Haffner Author-Name: Harry Van Der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Heijden Author-Name: Michael Oxley Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Oxley Title: How Can Competition in Social Rental Housing in England and the Netherlands be Measured? Abstract: In an attempt to promote efficiency and consumer choice, many governments in Europe have in recent years required social housing organisations to be more market-orientated and competitive. Competition, however, is being discussed and implemented without any detailed examination of what is meant by the term ‘competition’ outside a conventional ‘market’, as is the case in social housing. It is not clear what exactly is meant by competition and this paper therefore focuses on the question of how competition can be operationalised and how it can be measured in practice. This paper concentrates on social housing in England and the Netherlands: two countries where competition in social housing is an issue. These two countries also have different social housing models. For both countries, we build on an evaluative framework based on the economic concepts of rivalry, risk and choice and then analyse the data to establish whether competition can be measured in a convincing way. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 153-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:153-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Rhodes Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes Title: Mixing the Market: The Role of the Private Sector in Urban Regeneration in Ireland Abstract: This paper examines the role and impact of the private sector in urban regeneration and social housing in Ireland in the context of a shift towards mixed market models adopted by governments in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. A complex adaptive systems (CAS) framework is used to analyse six case studies in urban regeneration in order to coherently address complexities related to heterogeneous objectives, issues of interdependencies among actors, system dynamics, emergence and adaptation over time. Key findings include: (1) the lack of influence by the private sector over key elements such as boundaries, rules and objectives for urban regeneration in Ireland, (2) a relatively narrow focus on the physical aspects of regeneration, with little support from either the public or community sectors for a wider role, (3) a trade-off between decreasing costs borne by the taxpayer and increasing costs to social housing tenants, (4) the emergence of special project agents to facilitate ‘covenanting’ among participants (Klijn & Teisman, 1997) and (5) the potential for a ‘tipping point’ in private sector participation (Rhodes & Murray, 2007). Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 177-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920272 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920272 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:177-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Mullins Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Mullins Author-Name: Bruce Walker Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: The Impact of Direct Public Funding for Private Developers on Non-Profit Housing Networks in England: Exploring a Research Agenda Abstract: Reforms to the funding of new social housing in England in 2004 enabled private sector firms to compete with existing non-profit providers for grant. These reforms are at an early stage, but already around 4 per cent of new social housing is being constructed through direct funding of private developers. Expectations of increased efficiency were partially confirmed by the competitive bids accepted from private developers in the first bidding round 2008–11. However, the longer-term impacts of the co-existence of market and non-profit actors on motivations, behaviour, regulation and outcomes for the social housing sector in England require a broader analytical framework combining elements of organisational economics and network management. While the former can contribute to understanding of principal:agent contracting issues such as, transaction costs, moral hazard and adverse selection, the latter can inform longer term organisational and systems adjustments through covenanting, reframing, selective activation and network adjustment. The article proposes longer term research to determine the extent to which these reforms fundamentally change the nature of the agents and their interactions over time. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 201-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:201-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ulf Borelius Author-X-Name-First: Ulf Author-X-Name-Last: Borelius Author-Name: Ulla-Britt Wennerström Author-X-Name-First: Ulla-Britt Author-X-Name-Last: Wennerström Title: A New Gårdsten: A Case Study of a Swedish Municipal Housing Company Abstract: The purpose of this article is to make a preliminary analysis of the Municipal Housing Company (MHC) Gårdstensbostäder's struggle to transform a disadvantaged district of Gårdsten in the city of Göteborg, Sweden. We analyse data gathered from interviews and documents. The analytical frame is mainly inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and symbolic violence. The situation of Gårdstensbostäder is special. On the one hand, the company has a commission to develop the district of Gårdsten. On the other hand, it only administers and lets dwellings in this single district. The fate of the company is, therefore, intimately related to the development of Gårdsten. The company does much to promote the local community. It refuses, however, to provide new housing for people on welfare. The direction taken by Gårdstensbostäder implies a deflection of an important aspect of its responsibility for vulnerable groups on the housing market. This development can only be understood in relation to the city's interest of improving its position in the field of transnational city regions and the MHC's interest of conserving its dominant position in the field of housing companies. It is too early to say with any certainty whether this is the path other MHCs will embark upon. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 223-239 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710902920330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710902920330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:223-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marietta Haffner Author-X-Name-First: Marietta Author-X-Name-Last: Haffner Author-Name: Joris Hoekstra Author-X-Name-First: Joris Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra Author-Name: Michael Oxley Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Oxley Author-Name: Harry van der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: van der Heijden Title: Substitutability between Social and Market Renting in Four European Countries Abstract: This paper will set out the concept of a ‘gap’ between the social rented and market rented housing sector. This will be examined with respect to one aspect of competition between the two sectors in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany: substitutability. The analysis will involve an examination of the extent to which tenants can choose between the two sectors. The price-quality bundles of housing services as expressed by the characteristics of the accommodation, the property rights of the tenants, the allocation system and the housing allowances in the different countries will be compared. Competition measured in this way seems to be rather larger than smaller in the Netherlands and Germany and rather small in England. France's intermediate sector partly closes the gap between both rental tenures. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 241-258 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138692 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138692 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:241-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin Deutsch Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Deutsch Title: The Austrian Social Rented Sector at the Crossroads for Housing Choice Abstract: Since the early 1990s, the social rented sector has developed in different directions across Europe. This paper studies the role that the Austrian social rented sector plays at the crossroads of housing choices at different stages in the people's life-cycles. It highlights the risks facing the Austrian middle classes that social renting may have to address in the future, and asks how the institutional setting of Austrian social renting can adapt to these changing risks in society. The approach is to view housing choice as a tenure sequence over the life-course. This includes not only the transition from renting to owning but also other potential switches, in particular the movements into and out of social renting. The tenure sequence is modelled using an econometric model of tenure choice based on cohort analysis, with Austria census data that cover the years from 1991 to 2003. This allows us to evaluate the factors arising from social change in the longer term, and how they may contribute to tenure choice in the future. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 285-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:285-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jane Ball Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Ball Title: Insiders and Outsiders in French Social Housing Allocation: How Conflicting Rights Exclude Disadvantaged People Abstract: The ‘right to housing’ in France implies that disadvantaged people suffering poverty or housing difficulty enjoy priority access to social housing. However, the disadvantaged in fact have serious difficulty obtaining access to social housing in France. In this article, insider–outsider theory (Lindbeck & Snower, 2002) is employed to explain the exclusionary process of French social housing allocation. Insider groups of local people, existing tenants and employees are represented in this complex allocation process and obtain privileged access. Disadvantaged outsiders suffer stigmatisation and exclusion. This article demonstrates how conflicting constitutional rights and a complex written bureaucratic procedure instrumentalise this exclusion of the disadvantaged. A new ‘opposable’ right to housing could help some disadvantaged groups, though it has significant limitations. Creating a level playing field for insiders and outsiders in a simplified procedure could help to improve housing access for disadvantaged people in France. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 313-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:313-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paddy Gray Author-X-Name-First: Paddy Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Author-Name: Ursula McAnulty Author-X-Name-First: Ursula Author-X-Name-Last: McAnulty Author-Name: Michaela Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Michaela Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: Moving Towards Integrated Communities in Northern Ireland: New Approaches to Mixed Housing Abstract: Over recent years, residential segregation of the two main religious communities in Northern Ireland has become the focus of much government and media attention both locally and internationally. Whilst residential segregation locally ignores tenure boundaries, research has established it to be most stark within non-market housing. This segregation among social housing tenants is, in many ways, a function of tenant preference rather than a deliberate allocations policy. In 2005, Government launched a new vision for Northern Ireland in the policy document ‘A Shared Future’, which outlined a commitment to developing mixed housing schemes, thereby providing choice to those who wish to live within mixed communities. The aim of this initiative is to encourage a move away from polarisation, towards the integration of communities. Within this context, recent moves to promote a more integrated society through the creation of mixed housing and integrated communities are debated. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 337-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138791 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138791 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:337-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Flint Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Flint Title: A Review of “DIY Community Action: Neighbourhood Problems and Community Self-Help, Liz Richardson, , ISBN 978-1-84742-0-848” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 355-357 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:355-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liz Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Liz Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: A Review of “The Challenge of Social Innovation in Urban Revitalization, Paul Drewe, Juan-Luis Klein & Edward Hulsbergen (eds) , ISBN 978-90-8594-018-0” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 357-359 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:357-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taeke de Jong Author-X-Name-First: Taeke Author-X-Name-Last: de Jong Title: A Review of “Steering Sustainability in an Urbanizing World, (ed.) A. Nelson, 2007, Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing Company” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 359-362 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903138833 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903138833 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:359-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon Parkinson Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Parkinson Author-Name: Beverley Searle Author-X-Name-First: Beverley Author-X-Name-Last: Searle Author-Name: Susan Smith Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Alice Stoakes Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Stoakes Author-Name: Gavin Wood Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Title: Mortgage Equity Withdrawal in Australia and Britain: Towards a Wealth-fare State? Abstract: Across the decade to 2007, a combination of house price appreciation and relaxed credit constraints gave a boost to consumption through the mechanism of mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW). Arguably, this kept developed economies buoyant, even through periods of recession. This paper uses panel data on British and Australian homeowners to show that, notwithstanding its macro-economic effects, such borrowing has far-reaching implications for the micro-economy of households. The data indicate that, for the period 2001–2005, equity borrowing was a common tactic. The sums involved were not trivial, were not limited to older cohorts, or the province simply of the rich. In fact, the events and circumstances associated with equity borrowing at the zenith of the last housing cycle were consistent with an insurance, as well as a general consumption, role for MEW. As house prices fall and credit constraints are re-introduced, the options for such borrowing will shrink. Recent financial shocks may, by reducing the availability of a key channel from housing wealth into consumption, prompt a crisis of welfare. They pose challenges for housing and social policy as well as for economic management. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 365-389 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357185 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357185 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:365-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesca Governa Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Governa Author-Name: Silvia Saccomani Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Saccomani Title: Housing and Urban Regeneration Experiences and Critical Remarks Dealing with Turin Abstract: This article examines housing policy trends in Italy over the last years, focusing on the case of Turin. Turin is argued to be a good example in enabling us to grasp the progressive changes in the nature of the ‘housing question’, the emergence of new local policies to provide affordable housing, and the relationship between housing and urban regeneration policies. Starting with Turin's case, the article tests, on the one hand, whether actual housing policies exemplify a neo-liberal approach to housing, and, on the other hand, discusses the main critical aspects of these same policies. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 391-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:391-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hal Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Author-Name: Robert Smith Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Second Generation Stock Transfers in Britain: Impacts on Social Housing Governance and Organisational Culture Abstract: By 2008, ownership transfers of former council housing had been proceeding for 20 years. Since 1997, the process has encompassed many larger urban local authorities, with housing departments which could have been fairly characterised as monolithic, producer-oriented bureaucracies. Drawing on new research evidence from England, Scotland and Wales, this paper considers the extent to which these ‘second generation’ transfers have delivered against policy objectives to reform the governance and organisational culture of social housing. The empirical evidence suggests that second generation transfers have provided a substantial stimulus to tenant involvement and to the development of more consumer-focused, inclusive and commercially minded organisations. However, ministerial aspirations for transfer as a vehicle for community empowerment have not always been realised. And, to the extent that they have triggered beneficial change in governance and organisational culture, questions remain about the durability of such gains. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 411-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:411-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jürgen Friedrichs Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Friedrichs Author-Name: Jörg Blasius Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Blasius Title: Attitudes of Owners and Renters in a Deprived Neighbourhood Abstract: Housing policies often promote homeownership in order to stabilise a given urban neighbourhood, assuming that investment in housing will result as well in investment in the neighbourhood. This reasoning has been guiding housing policies in many countries and is supported by many empirical studies. Does this thesis hold true for deprived areas as well? Is increasing ownership an appropriate strategy to ‘stabilize’ deprived neighbourhoods? To investigate these questions, we analysed data from a representative survey in a deprived neighbourhood in Cologne, Germany. We asked both owners and renters about their attitudes towards disorder, collective efficacy and social control. Results indicate significant differences between these groups: owners perceive more social control and more social capital in the neighbourhood and less disorder. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 435-455 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:435-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Boelhouwer Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Boelhouwer Author-Name: Joris Hoekstra Author-X-Name-First: Joris Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra Title: Towards a Better Balance on the Dutch Housing Market? Analysis and Policy Propositions Abstract: Although Dutch housing policies seem quite developed in terms of money and instruments, the Dutch housing market is not functioning effectively. Housing shortages are prevalent in areas of economic growth, property prices are high, and substantial segments of the population are experiencing accessibility and affordability problems. We think that this is partly due to the fact that the current Dutch housing policy is inconsistent and ineffective. The government provides strong support for the demand for housing (via mortgage interest relief for owner-occupiers and rent allowances for tenants) but, at the same time, it is enforcing regulations and planning restrictions that are hampering the production of housing. Furthermore, the rent allowance is means-tested whereas owner-occupiers from all income groups are eligible for fiscal support. This creates a gap between the rental sector and the owner-occupier sector and obstructs movement between the two. In order to tackle these problems, the VROM-council – an advisory body to the Dutch government – has submitted proposals for a major reform of Dutch housing policy. This paper describes the analysis and the reform proposals in the VROM-council's report to which the authors of this paper contributed. The last Section of the paper also addresses the political context in which the report was presented. This context is relevant because housing policy reforms are a politically very sensitive issue in the Netherlands, as in most other countries. Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 457-475 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357235 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:457-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Lévy-Vroelant Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Lévy-Vroelant Title: A Review of “The Future of Social Housing” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 477-479 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:477-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Blandy Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Blandy Author-Name: Caroline Hunter Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter Title: A Review of “Conceptualising Home: Theories, Laws and Policies” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 480-482 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:480-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Axel Pohn-Weidinger Author-X-Name-First: Axel Author-X-Name-Last: Pohn-Weidinger Title: A Review of “Social Housing in Europe II: A Review of Policies and Outcomes” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 482-485 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:482-485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reinout Kleinhans Author-X-Name-First: Reinout Author-X-Name-Last: Kleinhans Title: A Review of “Housing Market Renewal and Social Class” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 485-487 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:485-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Dewilde Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Dewilde Title: A Review of “The Ideology of Home Ownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing” Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 488-490 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903357284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903357284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:488-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Fitzpatrick Title: Editorial Journal: European Journal of Housing Policy Pages: 363-364 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/14616710903503697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14616710903503697 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:9:y:2009:i:4:p:363-364