Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Creating a forum for feminist economic inquiry 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042211 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042211 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Harding 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harding 
Title: Can feminist thought make economics more objective? 
Abstract:
  Feminist research is often perceived to be less objective than
 conventional research on the grounds that the latter is value-neutral and
 the former is not. This essay shows that a major problem with the familiar
 standards for maximizing objectivity that permit such a conclusion is that
 they are too weak. They have no resources for detecting widespread
 cultural assumptions, values and interests, such as the androcentric ones
 to which feminist work draws attention. Good method works by identifying
 cultural values that differ between researchers or research communities.
 However, since androcentric values are often culture-wide, something more
 rigorous than only conventional good methods evidently are needed for
 researchers to be able to identify them.Thus feminist research does not
 introduce political assumptions, values and interests into research fields
 that are otherwise value-neutral; it identifies the ones that are already
 there. Rejecting the debilitating relativist stance usually seen as the
 only alternative to conventional standards for maximizing objectivity,
 feminist thought increases the objectivity of research. This essay reviews
 recent arguments in both conventional and feminist philosophy and history
 that support this analysis, and shows how it leads to the construction of
 stronger standards of objectivity than the conventional only &#x201c;weak
 objectivity&#x201d; that is dependent upon the neutrality ideal.
 Paradoxical though it may appear, &#x201c;strong objectivity&#x201d;
 requires the kind of conscientious socially situated production of
 knowledge characteristic of feminist work in economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Feminism, method, objectivity, philosophy of economics, relativism, values, value-neutrality, politics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042212 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042212 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ulla Grapard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grapard 
Title: Robinson Crusoe: The quintessential economic man? 
Abstract:
  The tale of Robinson Crusoe strikes a responsive chord in the imagination
 of many economists. This paper argues that the story of Robinson Crusoe,
 and the joy economists take in his example, are indicative of the way the
 discipline deals with issues of race and gender. Crusoe is used to
 represent homo economics par excellence, yet his self-sufficiency conceals
 the labor of others. A close reading of the novel reveals the issues of
 power, sexuality and race that are hidden underneath the storyline of
 Crusoe's relationship with Friday. The economists' portrait of equal
 exchange ignores the elements of domination and exploitation between
 Crusoe and Friday. The absence of female agency in Defoe's and the
 economists' story masks a narrative structure that, in fact, relies in
 fundamental ways on gendered representations. This process of exclusion
 mirrors the lack of recognition in our culture of the economic
 contribution of women. If Crusoe is taken to be the quintessential
 economic man, the economists' story imposes boundaries separating those
 who belong in economic discourse from those who do not. It also makes it
 easier for our discipline to avoid the ethical burden of addressing the
 disturbing issues of race and gender in our narratives. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Robinson Crusoe, homo economics, self-sufficiency, economic narrative, storytelling, sexism, racism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042213 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042213 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere 
Title: What difference does gender make? Rethinking peasant studies 
Abstract:
  This article argues that gender analysis has challenged and enriched many
 of the standard assumptions and concepts utilized in the analysis of Third
 World peasantries. Drawing primarily on the literature regarding Latin
 America, the impact of gender analysis on seven assumptions and concepts
 of peasant studies is illustrated: the family farm as the basic unit of
 production; the undifferentiated return to family labor; peasant household
 strategies; the competitive edge of peasant farms in capitalist markets;
 peasant social differentiation; the class analysis of peasantries; and the
 determinants of peasant household reproduction. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Peasants, gender, Latin American rural women, concepts, peasant studies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042214 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042214 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: "Holding hands at midnight": The paradox of caring labor 
Abstract:
  This paper puts recent feminist theorizing about &#x201c;care&#x201d;
 within an economic context by developing the concept of caring labor and
 exploring possible reasons for its undervaluation. It describes the
 relevance of tensions between neoclassical and institutionalist thought,
 as well as between pro-market and anti-market views. The final section
 explores the implications for feminist public policy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Caring, labor, family, policy, altruism, reciprocity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042215 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042215 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Author-Name: Suzanne Gerlach-Downie 
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gerlach-Downie 
Author-Name: Kenneth Yeager 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeager 
Title: Child care centers as workplaces 
Abstract:
  This paper deals with a subject of central interest for feminist
 economics: the working conditions of employees in a caregiving occupation
 that is low paid, female dominated and in an industry crucial for parents
 in the labor market. The qualitative research employed here is also of
 interest to feminist economics, which seeks to use a broader range of
 methodologies than is typically found in economics journals.The paper
 examines the labor market and work environment for caregivers who provide
 care for young children in child care centers. It is based on twenty
 intensive interviews with child care aides, teachers and directors in four
 different types of large child care centers in Santa Clara County,
 California. Topics discussed are pay and benefits, adequacy of staffing
 (induding matters of recruitment and retention), the directors' managerial
 roles, the effects on the workplace of center ownership and governance,
 opportunities for professional development and relations with children and
 parents.The paper provides a model of the kinds of insights that can be
 had from paying attention to the words of economic actors. For example,
 the findings about the importance forjob satisfaction of substitute
 teachers, managerial styles of directors, early childhood education
 classes and relations with parents have not been studied or reported in
 other research on child care workers. The detailed descriptions of the
 characteristics of workers sought by child care center directors have also
 not been previously reported. The reproduction of the exact words of the
 respondents enables readers to develop an appreciation of the difficulty
 and stressfulness of child care workers' jobs; this type of understanding
 does not emerge from quantitative work.Based on the findings, the paper
 calls for the funding of demonstration projects to assess the cost
 effectiveness of several specific policies. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-119 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Child care, quantitative economics research, job satisfaction, female occupation, child care management, child care staffing patterns, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042216 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042216 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. V. Lee Badgett 
Author-X-Name-First: M. V. Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badgett 
Title: Gender, sexuality, and sexual orientation: All in the feminist family? 
Abstract:
  This essay argues that a focus on gender alone is inadequate for the
 development of the economics of sexuality because of important differences
 between &#x201c;gender&#x201d; and &#x201c;sexuality&#x201d; as analytical
 categories. Examples of gender-based models of the family reveal the
 limitations of applying those models to the families of lesbian, gay, and
 bisexual individuals, since gay families face very different legal,
 political, and cultural constraints and opportunities. However, variations
 in family forms and behavior that are rooted in sexual orientation
 differences provide opportunities for new feminist research strategies for
 studying the influence of gender norms and family legal institutions on
 economic behavior, for instance. And finally, feminists can also learn
 from and contribute to the political efforts of lesbian and gay activists
 who are creating new forms of legally and materially recognized
 relationships between adults. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-139 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Gay, lesbian, family, economics, domestic partners, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042217 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042217 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Becker's theory of the family: Preposterous conclusions 
Abstract:
  Economic theory as applied to the family should increase our
 understanding of the phenomena we are studying, and allow us to implement
 fruitful intervention in cases where we are not satisfied with what is
 occurring. Much if not all of the theory of the family fails to achieve
 these aims. Examples are given from the most recent edition of Gary
 Becker's Theory of the Family, where the analysis leads to conclusions
 that are, on their face, preposterous. This kind of theorizing leads, as
 does almost all neoclassical theory, to a conclusion that the institutions
 depicted are benign, and that government intervention would be useless at
 best and probably harmful. But it isn't necessarily so. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-150 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Family, economic theory, polygamy, fertility, altruism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042218 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042218 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shelley Phipps 
Author-X-Name-First: Shelley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phipps 
Author-Name: Peter Burton 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burton 
Title: Social/institutional variables and behavior within households: An empirical test using the Luxembourg income study 
Abstract:
  High on the research agenda of feminist economists is the development of
 better models of what goes on within families. This paper contributes by
 conducting empirical tests of the impact of social/institutional factors
 on behavior within marriage. As one example,
 &#x201c;divorce-threat&#x201d; bargaining models predict that greater
 certainty of receiving child support should increase a woman's bargaining
 power within a marriage and hence observable behavioral outcomes. Within a
 single country, there is limited variation in the social/institutional
 factors which might affect bargaining power, but across countries
 identifying variation can be found. Thus, we use a micro-data set
 constructed using seven countries from the Luxembourg Income Study
 database in order to estimate a probit model of the labor-force
 participation of married women. Our conclusions suggest that, contrary to
 the predictions of Becker-style unitary models, some social/institutional
 factors do influence individual behavior within the household. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-174 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Intra-household, institutional, family, feminist, power, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042219 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042219 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynn Duggan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duggan 
Title: Restacking the deck: Family policy and women's fall-back position in Germany before and after unification 
Abstract:
  This paper examines some of the effects of East and West German family
 policy on women's economic position by analyzing intrahousehold bargaining
 power, defined here as based on co-resident partners' relative fall-back
 positions, which in turn depend on the individuals' access to income in
 the event that the partnership ends. East German policy sought to
 integrate women into the labor force through programs such as free public
 child care and liberal maternity leave. West Germany based its family
 policy on the assumption of a stark gender division of labor, with one
 lifetime breadwinner per family and a second parent who temporarily leaves
 the labor force to raise children. On the basis of her findings and
 analysis, the author argues that while East German institutions increased
 women's bargaining power, gender-specific policies interfered with women's
 ability to use this power to bring about changes in the household division
 of labor. West German family policy did not assign gender roles, but it
 offered women less bargaining power with which to negotiate. The author
 maintains that society's refusal to address women's greater child-rearing
 costs is not based on an assessment of such costs and the costs of
 redistributive government programs, but on the assumption that women
 should absorb the risks and burdens of reproduction. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 175-194 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Family policy, bargaining power, Germany, child-rearing, costs, housework, household work, socialism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042220 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042220 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 195-195 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042221 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042221 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Title: Do young women trade jobs for marriage? A skeptical view 
Abstract:
  This paper takes a skeptical view of the theory that the slight decline
 in young women's labor-force participation from 1985 to 1990 can be
 explained by the fact that there are fewer women now in their early
 twenties than there are men in their late twenties so that women currently
 have more bargaining power in the marriage market than men do.The paper
 argues that the assumption behind this theory, that for women marriage and
 employment are substitutes, is outmoded. It also contends that the theory
 leaves out the importance of full-time schooling as an activity
 alternative to employment and that in fact the increase in full-time
 schooling among young women has been much greater than the slight decrease
 in their labor-force participation.Several questions are raised about the
 statistical test of the theory and also about the reasons why the Wall
 Street Journal ran a front-page article on the slight decline in young
 women's labor-force participation and featured the marriage market theory
 as an explanation for this purported new trend. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 197-205 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Women's labor-force participation, marriage markets, young women's full-time enrollment in school, media portrayal of women's issues, women's utility functions, rich husband thesis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042222 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042222 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman 
Author-X-Name-First: Shoshana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grossbard-Shechtman 
Title: Do not sell marriage short: Reply to strober 
Abstract:
  This paper explains why marriage market conditions may affect the
 participation of women in the labor force. In particular, it is claimed
 that changes in cohort size affect marriage market conditions and
 therefore women's labor-force participation. The paper also indicates how
 a theory of labor and marriage based on market analysis can possibly help
 women's causes. The paper first addresses theoretical issues raised by
 Strober. It then responds to her critique of empirical work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 207-214 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Marriage, female labor-force participation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042223 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042223 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Author-Name: Ellen Mutari 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutari 
Author-Name: Miehe Meurs 
Author-X-Name-First: Miehe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meurs 
Author-Name: Janice Peterson 
Author-X-Name-First: Janice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peterson 
Author-Name: Zohreh Emami 
Author-X-Name-First: Zohreh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Emami 
Author-Name: Anita Chaudhuri 
Author-X-Name-First: Anita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhuri 
Author-Name: Janet Tanski 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanski 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 215-245 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042224 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042224 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit 
Title: The discovery of &#x201c;unpaid work&#x201d;: the social consequences of the expansion of &#x201c;work&#x201d; 
Abstract:
  This paper questions the dichotomy of work/nonwork. It examines the way
 in which the category of work was expanded by feminists and economists to
 include much domestic activity, and considers some of the consequences of
 this expansion. It argues that the discovery of unpaid
 &#x201c;work&#x201d; involved an uncritical application and validation of
 a concept of work abstracted from a model of commodity producing wage
 labor in manufacturing. However, this concept excludes much of what is
 distinctive about domestic activities, such as their caring and
 self-fulfilling aspects. Inequality between households has become a
 conduit for the construction of needs in a form in which
 &#x201c;work,&#x201d; and in particular work for money, is needed to
 satisfy them. Some consequences of this tendency are examined together
 with the policy concerns which would need to be addressed in order to
 mitigate its deleterious effects. The development of a feminist economics
 which transcends the polarization of life into &#x201c;work&#x201d; and
 &#x201c;nonwork&#x201d; is argued to be vital in this process. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-19 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Caring, domestic labor, household, housework, labor, work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042229 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042229 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Critical Exchanges 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042228 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042228 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Anne Hill 
Author-X-Name-First: M. Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill 
Author-Name: Elizabeth King 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Title: Women's education and economic well-being 
Abstract:
  Evidence across regions in the world reveals patterns in school
 enrollment ratios and literacy that are divided along gender lines. In the
 developing world, apart from most countries in Latin America and the
 Caribbean, enrollment ratios of girls lag behind those for boys at all
 levels of education. Worldwide literacy rates for adult men far exceed
 those for women. While educational progress has been enjoyed by both
 sexes, these advances have failed to eradicate the gender gap. Education
 enhances labor market productivity and income growth for all, yet
 educating women has beneficial effects on social well-being not always
 measured by the market. Rising levels of education improve women's
 productivity in the home which in turn can increase family health, child
 survival, and the investment in children's human capital. The social
 benefits from women's education range from fostering economic growth to
 extending the average life expectancy in the population, to improving the
 functioning of political processes. This paper reviews recent empirical
 research that analyzes the benefits of women's education, describes the
 importance of women's education for country-level measures of economic
 development, and examines the implications of a gender gap in education
 for aggregate social well-being. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 21-46 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Female education, gender differences, economic development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042230 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042230 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Blank 
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blank 
Title: Teen pregnancy: government programs are not the cause 
Abstract:
  Public assistance payments have been blamed for increases in
 out-ofwedlock birth rates among teenagers and other women. The data
 indicate that rising nonmarital birth rates are primarily caused by a
 decline in fertility among married women, combined with a growing share of
 unmarried women in the population. Existing research suggests that these
 changes have not been driven by public assistance payments; instead they
 are related to economic and social changes affecting women of all income
 levels. While hard to predict the effect of eliminating public assistance
 for teen mothers, it is likely that many teen pregnancies will continue to
 occur. Other ways to address this problem are discussed at the end of the
 paper. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 47-58 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Poverty, teen pregnancy, welfare, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042231 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042231 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:47-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colleen Lamos 
Author-X-Name-First: Colleen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamos 
Title: Opening questions 
Abstract:
  Badgett poses crucial questions for feminist economists, arguing that
 feminists should investigate the diversity of lesbian and gay family
 structures in order to develop comparative models of the family. Yet she
 fails to acknowledge that gendered patterns of specialization of labor
 often persist within same-sex family structures, and relies upon an
 essentialist distinction between homosexuality and heterosexuality.
 Ironically, Badgett's advocacy of domestic partners benefits for lesbian
 and gay couples is likely to assimilate such formations to the model of
 the traditional family, resulting in the loss of the flexibility and
 complexity that she praises. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-62 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Lesbian, gay, family, domestic partners, feminism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042232 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042232 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:59-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. V. Lee Badgett 
Author-X-Name-First: M. V. Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badgett 
Title: The last of the modernists? 
Abstract:
  The postmodern theoretical questioning of such categorizations as
 &#x201c;gay&#x201d; or &#x201c;lesbian&#x201d; raises difficult
 theoretical, methodological, and political issues for economists.
 Economists have much to gain from engaging in crossdisciplinary
 intellectual discussions about the nature of the categories that we take
 as given. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-65 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Postmodern, lesbian, gay, domestic partners, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042233 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042233 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:63-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sondra Hale 
Author-X-Name-First: Sondra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hale 
Title: Gender and economics; Islam and Polygamy - a question of causality 
Abstract:
  Beginning by contrasting and comparing the fields of (feminist)
 anthropology and economics, this essay is a response to parts of Barbara
 Bergmann's article, &#x201c;Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous
 Conclusions.&#x201d; In attempting to expose the fallacies in Becker's
 discussion of the altruism of polygamous families, Bergmann stereotypes
 polygamous families and conflates Muslims and polygamous societies in the
 process. Further, she assumes oppression, arguing that most women in the
 polygamous families (i.e., Muslims) under discussion have an
 &#x201c;abysmal status.&#x201d; This essay argues for acknowledging our
 social location as researchers, not overgeneralizing about highly diverse
 societies and the varieties and experiences of women's lives, not assuming
 oppression, and viewing neither Islam nor polygamy as necessarily central
 determinants of the conditions of women's lives. Qualitative and
 quantitative examples of variations in African, Asian, and Middle Eastern
 women's lives are given - intersecting Muslim/non- Muslim,
 polygamous/nonpolygamous, Arab/non-Arab, poor/not-so-poor/ rich,
 rural/urban, and high/low &#x201c;status&#x201d; (with variations in
 health, politics, economics, and family life within and among countries). 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 67-79 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Anthropology, family, gender, Middle East, Muslim, polygamy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042234 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042234 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:67-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Title: Introduction: The welfare reform debate you wish would happen 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-83 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Welfare reform, poverty, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042235 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042235 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:81-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Author-Name: Heidi Hartmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Heidi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann 
Title: A welfare reform based on help for working parents 
Abstract:
  The Help for Working Parents Plan-developed by Dr. Heidi Hartmann and Dr.
 Barbara Bergmann in collaboration with the Economists' Policy Group for
 Women's Issues, which they co-chair - offers an innovative welfare reform
 program that encouragesjob holding, and sustains working parents and their
 children in decency. The HWP provides benefits to both single- and
 dual-parent households, to families who are under the poverty line and to
 those who waver along it. Increased child care and health care benefits,
 food stamps, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and housing assistance are the
 critical components of the HWP plan - elements which will afford low-wage
 workers the opportunity to attain an above-poverty standard of living. It
 also provides a low-cash fallback option to parents who do not work for
 pay or are unemployed. Bergmann and Hartmann estimate that 60 percent of
 welfare recipients would work if the HWP plan were implemented. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Welfare reform, working poor, child care, health care, EITC, housing assistance, employment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042236 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042236 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:85-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Gordon 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon 
Title: Thoughts on the help for working parents plan 
Abstract:
  The Bergmann/Hartmann proposal is a good starting point, but does not go
 far enough. It fails to address the issue of job availability and
 threatens to further stigmatize mothers receiving public assistance. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-94 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Welfare, mothers, jobs, stigma, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042237 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042237 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:91-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gwendolyn Mink 
Author-X-Name-First: Gwendolyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mink 
Title: Wage work, family work, and welfare politics 
Abstract:
  Welfare reform pegged exclusively to outside work perpetuates a welfare
 politics that disdains poor single mothers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 95-98 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Welfare, motherhood, race, fertility control, family work, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042238 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042238 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:95-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Betty Reid Mandell 
Author-X-Name-First: Betty Reid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mandell 
Title: Why can't we care for our own children? 
Abstract:
  This is a response to the welfare reform proposal put forward by the
 Economists' Policy Group for Women's Issues. It argues that their policy
 proposal will not solve the economic problems of AFDC recipients because:
 many recipients lack the education and skills necessary for work that will
 support their families; the minimum wage is too low; and there is an
 undersupply of jobs that will support a family. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 99-104 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), employment and AFDC, minimum wage, caretaking, European welfare, welfare reform, vouchers, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042239 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042239 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:99-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Haveman 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haveman 
Title: The help for working parents plan: some potentials and problems 
Abstract:
  While the Help for Working Parents (HWP) proposal represents a
 fundamental and costly change in the nation's safety net for poor families
 with children, it contains a variety of attributes that should give us
 pause. Its presumptions regarding the expectations for women's work should
 be made explicit; it would do well to add provisions that would increase
 the direct reward for supplying labor and working and provide incentives
 for employers to offer them work; and it should give more recognition to
 the fact that many if not most welfare recipients do not have the
 cognitive skills and experience that will remove them from the end of the
 queue of low-wage job seekers. However, HWP does make explicit the
 proposition that the nation's poverty and welfare problems are not likely
 to be solved &#x201c;on the cheap.&#x201d; 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-108 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Welfare reform, poverty, children, labor supply, labor market, nurturing, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042240 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042240 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:105-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heidi Hartmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Heidi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann 
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Get real! Look to the future, not the past 
Abstract:
  In our response to the points raised by Linda Gordon, Robert Haveman,
 Betty Reid Mandell, and Gwendolyn Mink, we describe the Help for Working
 Parents Plan in greater detail, explaining the advantages of the HWP
 program over both the current welfare system and the proposed Republican
 welfare plans. We argue that the Help for Working Parents Plan would
 garner public support by encouraging work through nonpunitive measures,
 such as guaranteeing child care and health care, benefits that are lacking
 in many low-wage jobs. We point out that the plan increases, rather than
 reduces, benefits for at-home parents. We note that the HWP plan would
 move U.S. welfare policy in a more universalistic direction, by including
 working parents, near-poor parents, and married parents as well as the
 poor single mothers currently targeted by AFDC. We suggest that those who
 believe poor single mothers can get recognition and higher levels of
 income support for the family care-giving work they provide are
 unrealistic and misguided. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 109-119 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Single mothers, welfare reform, employment, working poor, family work, income support, Help for Working Parents Plan (HWP), 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042241 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042241 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:109-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Author-Name: Lois Yachetta 
Author-X-Name-First: Lois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yachetta 
Author-Name: Mary Young 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Young 
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042242 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042242 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:2:p:121-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Sagrario Floro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Sagrario 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro 
Title: Women's well-being, poverty, and work intensity 
Abstract:
  High work intensity, as a result of doing two tasks at a time, is an
 important dimension of well-being. For many poor, working women, it
 represents a necessary means of coping when real wages fall, prices rise
 and basic services are cut. And yet existing standard-of-living
 measurements and household economic models fail to address this important
 dimension of time use. This paper argues that the lack of consideration of
 the length and intensification of work time is a serious neglect in the
 study of women's well-being.The first section of the paper examines the
 importance of time use as a determinant of the quality of life,
 particularly for working women. It also explores the relationship between
 poverty and work intensity or the simultaneous performance of two or more
 tasks. The theoretical implications of work intensity on household models
 are discussed in the second section of the paper. A household well-being
 function that incorporates both goods and time-use components as arguments
 is introduced in a single (working)-person household framework. When time
 use, particularly work intensity, is taken into account, the notion of
 joint production becomes relevant and subsequent complications arise.
 Finally, the need for reassessment of present time-use survey methods and
 of current policy evaluations is discussed in the concluding section of
 the paper. The seriousness of the effects of work intensity, particularly
 on women's health and children's well-being, strongly suggests that this
 qualitative dimension of time use deserves urgent attention from scholars
 and policy-makers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-25 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Time use, work intensity, poverty, well-being, household models, joint production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042246 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042246 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drucilla Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Drucilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Title: Economists, social reformers, and prophets: a feminist critique of economic efficiency 
Abstract:
  This article examines the concept of Pareto optimality, bringing to light
 some of its implicit assumptions about the nature of human agency, work,
 and gender. It explores the androcentric character of the economic agent
 and the gendered nature of neoclassical models in relation to the
 historical development of the concept of economic efficiency during the
 late 1930s. The thrust toward the development of Pareto optimality as a
 scientific criterion of economic welfare was a response to the
 methodological tensions between the clearly political nature of economics
 and the scientific aspirations of economists. An examination of the
 debates from this period illuminates some of the values that became
 embedded in neoclassical economics, and which are now hidden by the masks
 of mathematics and abstraction. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 26-39 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Economic efficiency, feminism, gender, Pareto optimality, welfare economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042247 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042247 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Author-Name: Sam Rosenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Sam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenberg 
Title: Race, class, and occupational mobility: black and white women in service work in the united states 
Abstract:
  This paper examines and compares the occupational mobility of black and
 white women who worked in service occupations in the United States in
 their late teens and 20s. Rather than using a conventional methodology of
 hypothesis-testing based on a narrow set of variables, the study uses a
 descriptive methodology to help illuminate the complex interaction of
 race, gender, and class in the lives of women. Our goal is to investigate
 how being a service worker when young contributed to a different
 &#x201c;life story&#x201d; for women of different race and class. The
 study finds that black women experienced considerably less occupational
 mobility than white women, and were far more likely to get stuck in
 low-paid service occupations over the long term. Many of the white women,
 but few of the black, were able to use service work as a temporary means
 of support while they prepared themselves for more lucrative employment.
 Striking differences in class background and presence of children appeared
 to be contributing factors in this difference in mobility by race. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 40-59 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Occupational mobility, service workers, black women, race and gender, domestic workers, waitresses, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042248 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042248 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Author-Name: June Lapidus 
Author-X-Name-First: June 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lapidus 
Title: A gender analysis of U.S. labor market policies for the working poor 
Abstract:
  Current anti-poverty policy proposals focus on welfare reform to the
 exclusion of reforming the low-wage labor market. In contrast, we compare
 two policy proposals aimed at low-wage labor markets: a national
 comparable worth policy and an increase in the minimum wage. With both
 policies we pay specific attention to their impact by gender. Our findings
 suggest that while both would reduce poverty among working women, the
 impact of a comparable worth policy on female poverty would be greater
 under most scenarios presented. It is estimated that an increase of 96
 cents per hour in the national minimum wage would be necessary to equal
 the poverty reduction effect for women workers of a comparable worth
 policy which excludes small employers. Both policies decrease the
 incidence of povertylevel wages less among men, since roughly 60 percent
 of minimum wage workers are women. Additionally, not only would a national
 comparable worth policy improve the economic status of low-waged women
 workers, it would also narrow the gap between male and female poverty.
 While an increase in the minimum wage would also reduce this gap,
 comparable worth would virtually eliminate it. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 60-81 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Gender (women), labor market, comparable worth, minimum wage, poverty, pay equity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042249 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042249 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:60-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Greene 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greene 
Author-Name: Emily Hoffnar 
Author-X-Name-First: Emily 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffnar 
Title: Gender earnings inequality in the service and manufacturing industries in the U.S. 
Abstract:
  This paper compares earnings inequality between women and men in a
 growing sector of the U.S. economy - the service sector, and a shrinking
 sector - manufacturing. We examine the hypothesis that deindustrialization
 will reduce inequality, and find that the absolute magnitude of the gender
 earnings gap is, in fact, smaller in the service sector. Decomposition
 analysis is used to partition the gender earnings gap into three parts:
 (1) earnings differences due to differences in mean characteristics - such
 as education and experience; (2) earnings differences due to preferential
 treatment of men; and (3) earnings differences due to disadvantageous
 treatment of women. The latter two constitute estimates of gender
 discrimination. The results of this study suggest that, ceteris paribus,
 deirndustrialization will likely reduce the gender gap in hourly earnings.
 However, this will come at the cost of lower earnings for both males and
 females, with the drop in earnings being particularly large for males.
 While deindustrialization is predicted to reduce the absolute magnitude of
 male-female earnings inequality, evidence suggests that gender
 discrimination will persist - discrimination explains about 60 percent of
 the gender wage gap in both the service and the manufacturing sectors. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 82-95 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Discrimination, gender, earnings, deindustrialization, decomposition, race, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042250 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042250 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regenia Gagnier 
Author-X-Name-First: Regenia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnier 
Author-Name: John Dupre 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dupre 
Title: On work and idleness 
Abstract:
  In this essay we review a number of important historical and everyday
 conceptions of work, which reveal both the diversity of such conceptions,
 and also deep tensions, especially between positive (self-fulfilling,
 sociable) aspects of work and negative (laborious, exploitative) aspects.
 Due attention to these complexities suggests great caution in deciding how
 domestic work, including caring work, should be seen in relation to other
 kinds of work. We also argue that a very broad conception of work
 including, certainly, domestic and other work outside the market, while
 not appropriate for all purposes, is essential for considering the
 appropriate place of work, as opposed to idleness, in the good life. The
 possible value of idleness, we argue, has been obscured by the
 productivist ethic embedded in the major Western conceptions of work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 96-109 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Work, political economy, leisure, idleness, gender, self-fulfillment, division of labor, &#x201c;women's work,&#x201d; jobs, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042251 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042251 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:96-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janet Seiz 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seiz 
Title: Epistemology and the tasks of feminist economics 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the implications of current epistemological debates
 for the work of feminist economists. Feminist economists must acknowledge
 (in accordance with recent developments in the study of science) that (a)
 inquirers can never be certain whether claims about the world are true;
 (b) scientific inquiry is permeated with &#x201c;internal&#x201d; and
 &#x201c;external&#x201d; values; and (c) beliefs are affected by
 inquirers' social locations. But feminists should not, it argues, embrace
 the &#x201c;relativist&#x201d; stance of some postmodern thinkers, or
 reject the ideal of &#x201c;truth,&#x201d; or argue that beliefs are
 strictly determined by inquirers' identities and interests. It seeks to
 outline an epistemological &#x201c;middle ground&#x201d; for feminist
 economics, between the extremes of exaggerated claims of certainty and a
 disempowering relativism. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 110-118 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Feminist economics, economic methodology, epistemology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042252 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042252 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:110-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donald McCloskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey 
Title: The discreet charm of the bourgeoisie 
Abstract:
  Harding argues in an old leftist way modernized with feminism that an
 androcentric ideology is immanent in economics. Conventional economists
 disagree, but Harding and I know that they are wrong. They can be brought
 to our conclusion by detailed studies of the sociology and rhetoric of
 economic science. And, contrary to what Harding thinks, such studies need
 not have a left lean. The despised bourgeoisie is in fact the main
 instrument of androgyny in the modern world. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-124 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Feminism, economics, bourgeoisie, Harding, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042253 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042253 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:119-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Harding 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harding 
Title: Bon Voyage: navigating through the contemporary epistemological landscape 
Abstract:
  This response locates feminist methodological strategies, first, as both
 &#x201c;outside&#x201d; and &#x201c;inside&#x201d; familiar processes of
 the sciences and, second, in relation to a formulation of the democratic
 ethos. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-127 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
Keywords: Feminist economics, economics methodology, epistemology, feminism, economics, bourgeoisie, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042254 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042254 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:125-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rhonda Sharp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rhonda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp 
Author-Name: Susan Donath 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donath 
Author-Name: Elaine McCrate 
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCrate 
Author-Name: Eiman Zein-Elabdin 
Author-X-Name-First: Eiman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zein-Elabdin 
Author-Name: Ann Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Author-Name: Joan Combs 
Author-X-Name-First: Joan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Combs 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 128-153 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1995 
X-DOI: 10.1080/714042255 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714042255 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:1:y:1995:i:3:p:128-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Author-Name: Thomas Stevens 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens 
Author-Name: Mark Lutz 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz 
Title: Gender and cooperative behavior: economic man rides alone 
Abstract:
  Neoclassical theory posits an undifferentiated economic agent whose
 self-interested behavior promotes a tendency to free ride in the provision
 of public goods. Challenges to this rigid portrayal of human character
 have come from a variety of directions. A dozen years ago Gerald Marwell
 and Ruth Ames conducted experiments which showed that (virtually all male)
 economic graduate students tended to free ride significantly more than a
 mixed population of high school students. In this paper, we argue that
 gender may also influence the degree to which humans act in a
 self-interested versus cooperative manner. We test this hypothesis by
 replicating the Marwell and Ames experiments using a similar, albeit
 simplified, methodology, with a sample of only college students separated
 into economists and non-economists. After controlling for group size,
 gender, and exposure to economics courses, we find that a key factor
 affecting the level of cooperation is gender. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Gender, cooperative behavior, free rider, altruism, public goods, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552683 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552683 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:1-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Matthaei 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthaei 
Title: Why feminist, Marxist, and anti-racist economists should be feminist-Marxist-anti-racist economists 
Abstract:
  This paper argues for a feminist-Marxist-anti-racist economics. First, it
 puts forward a set of central defining features of Marxian economics. Then
 it argues that feminist and anti-racist economists need to work within the
 Marxist theoretical framework in order to realize their feminist and
 anti-racist goals. Next it argues that feminist economists should also be
 anti-racist. Finally, it argues that Marxist economists need to
 incorporate feminism and anti-racism into their theory and politics if
 they are to understand the dynamics of capitalism and adequately envision
 and advocate for a liberatory socialist alternative. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 22-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Marxist, feminist, anti-racist, economics, class, race, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552684 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552684 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:22-42




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barnet Wagman 
Author-X-Name-First: Barnet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagman 
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: Household services and economic growth in the United States, 1870-1930 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the role of nonmarket household services in the
 growth and development of the U.S. economy, in the period between 1870 and
 1930. In the first section, we review previous efforts to estimate the
 value and composition of household output, and sketch a descriptive
 account of the &#x201c;domestic service sector,&#x201d; broadly defined to
 encompass both paid domestic servants and women primarily engaged in
 nonmarket household production for family members. The historical
 composition of this more broadly defined labor force reveals the
 longstanding economic significance of services which were factored into
 output and growth statistics only after being transferred to the market
 economy. In the second section, we present estimates and sensitivity
 analysis of per capita GNP growth that include nonmarket household
 services. We find that the inclusion of nonmarket household services
 substantially alters the trajectory of economic growth over this period. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 43-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Growth, household, nonmarket, GNP, services, domestic, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552685 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552685 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:43-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Introduction: Interrogating markets/interrogating gender 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 67-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552686 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552686 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:67-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Dorman 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dorman 
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Donald McCloskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey 
Author-Name: Tom Weisskopf 
Author-X-Name-First: Tom 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weisskopf 
Title: Debating markets 
Abstract:
  The text of &#x201c;Debating Markets&#x201d; is an edited transcript of a
 debate on the role of markets in a feminist vision of a fair and efficient
 economy, which took place originally on the internet
 &#x201c;Femecon&#x201d; list in the summer of 1994. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 69-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Markets, state, values, feminism, capitalism, socialism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552687 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552687 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:69-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynn Duggan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duggan 
Author-Name: Jennifer Olmsted 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted 
Title: Where has all the gender gone? 
Abstract:
  What questions should economists be asking when looking at how markets
 affect women? This comment expands on a debate begun on Femecon-l and
 continued in the &#x201c;Debating Markets&#x201d; article. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 86-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Market, state, policy, women, marriage, culture, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552688 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552688 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:86-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Wilk 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilk 
Title: Taking gender to market 
Abstract:
  Debating markets requires debating values. To answer questions of how
 free markets affect women, we must first ask about standards of
 measurement. We should also ask how we can have a &#x201c;free&#x201d;
 market when the participants can never be free from gender bias. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 90-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Gender, markets, economic anthropology, morality, social values, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552689 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552689 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:90-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Feiner 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feiner 
Title: A paradigm of our own 
Abstract:
  This essay confronts the problem of voice in feminist economic discourse.
 The author reinscribes feminist economic theory in the essay tradition of
 feminist literary production to highlight the potential contribution of
 poetic imagination to a feminist revisioning of economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 94-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Paradigm, commitment, exploitation, deconstruction, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552690 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552690 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:94-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Robertson 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robertson 
Title: &#x201c;Debating Markets&#x201d;: a rhetorical analysis of economic discourse 
Abstract:
  This is a rhetorical analysis of the edited transcript &#x201c;Debating
 Markets.&#x201d; The aim of the analysis is to suggest the value of
 rhetorical methodology to the feminist project of re-envisioning economic
 theory, discourse, and disciplinary relations. The analysis considers what
 the text reveals about the barriers to the effective production of
 economic knowledge from a feminist perspective and why these are important
 to understand and address. The concluding argument is that economic
 discourse is a species of persuasive discourse that shapes the civic
 order. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 98-113 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Rhetoric of economics, feminist economics, persuasion, propaganda, market, reification, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552691 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552691 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:98-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Getting the better of Becker 
Abstract:
  This paper identifies three ways in which feminist economists can reclaim
 the economic discourse on the family from the new home economics and, in
 so doing, &#x201c;get the better of Becker&#x201d;: first, take what is
 useful from Becker's analysis, use it to advocate policies to improve the
 status of women, and discard the rest; second, develop alternatives -
 preferably feminist alternatives - to Becker's analysis; third, discover
 the features of the economics profession which have led to acceptance of
 Becker's more dubious analyses, and try to change those features. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 114-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Economics of family, Becker, feminist economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552692 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552692 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:114-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Coleman 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coleman 
Title: On being an equal opportunity hire: a personal reminiscence 
Abstract:
  The 1972 consent decree between AT&T and the combined forces of the Equal
 Opportunity Commission, the Department of Labor, and the Federal
 Communications Commission was a landmark victory for women and minority
 men seeking well-paid jobs in corporate America. The personal experiences
 presented here are a micro illustration of the real-life outcome of the
 consent decree, and point to the strengths and weaknesses central to that
 agreement. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Equal Opportunity, AT&T, NYNEX, unions, women's studies, gender economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552693 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552693 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:121-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Livia Polanyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Livia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polanyi 
Title: On being an equal opportunity journal 
Abstract:
  In this paper I argue that Maggie Coleman's paper, &#x201c;On Being An
 Equal Opportunity Hire: A Personal Reminiscence&#x201d; and papers like it
 should be published in Feminist Economics because they articulate clearly
 the complexities of gender, class, and power relations which inform
 discussions in economics as well as in other disciplines. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 130-132 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: EEOC, power, disciplinary control, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552694 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552694 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:130-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Author-Name: Drucilla Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Drucilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Author-Name: Peter Bell 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell 
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 133-144 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/738552695 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/738552695 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:133-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roxane Harvey Gudeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Roxane Harvey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gudeman 
Author-Name: Stephen Gudeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gudeman 
Title: Gender, market and community on femecon in May and June 1994 
Abstract:
  In this analysis we resituate the &#x201c;Debating Markets&#x201d; text
 found in Feminist Economics 2(1) within the flow of conversation found on
 Femecon in May and June 1994, from which it was extracted. We then compare
 quantitative, thematic and stylistic features of the entire corpus. Three
 dominant themes are a market debate, a community debate and a collective
 action. We examine gender in relation to participation in these
 discussions and in relation to Femecon as a feminist community and a place
 for building a feminist economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-39 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Language, gender, computer-mediated-communication, community, market, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707636 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707636 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:1-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: International Diversity in Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707626 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707626 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malathy Duraisamy 
Author-X-Name-First: Malathy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duraisamy 
Author-Name: P. Duraisamy 
Author-X-Name-First: P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duraisamy 
Title: Sex discrimination in Indian labor markets 
Abstract:
  The unfair wage advantage to males over females in the labor market for
 persons with post-secondary schooling in India is examined in this study.
 This is perhaps the first set of estimates on sex discrimination in the
 Indian labor market using the decomposition technique. Based on an
 all-India data set, namely the Degree Holders and Technical Personnel
 survey, gender-specific earnings functions are estimated and the wage gap
 between males and females is decomposed into productivity and
 discrimination components. About 67 to 77 percent of the male-female wage
 difference is found to be due to discrimination. Females with scientific
 and technical education face a higher rate of discrimination compared to
 their counter-parts with specialization in social sciences. Examining the
 sources of discrimination indicates that the labor market experience
 provides an advantage to males while education is favorable to females.
 The entry wage accounts for a substantial part of male-female wage
 difference. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 41-61 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Labor markets, earnings functions, discrimination, India, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707646 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707646 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:41-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ines Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Ines 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Title: Gender analysis of family planning: Beyond the feminist vs. population control debate 
Abstract:
  This paper tries to assess whether the recent adoption by population
 establishment agencies of feminist language and concerns also embodies
 feminist visions and values, or whether it hides fundamental differences.
 In particular, the paper warns that this adoption may simply be an
 expression of the kind of instrumentalism common to many development
 policies which are recommended for the benefit of women.For this purpose,
 the paper describes the historical context of the apparent changes in the
 treatment of women by the population establishment. It then analyses
 feminist notions of reproduction, science and reproductive technologies,
 and how these inform critiques of family planning programs. Since such
 critiques are not uniform, in content or degree, this analysis includes
 the different feminist traditions from which they derive. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-86 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Feminist theory, reproductive rights, population policies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707656 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707656 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:63-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi 
Author-X-Name-First: A. Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akram-Lodhi 
Title: &#x201c;You are not excused from cooking&#x201d;: Peasants and the gender division of labor in Pakistan 
Abstract:
  This paper provides quantitative evidence of a gender division of labor
 within the households of four peasant classes living in two villages in
 the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The gender division of labor
 results in a disproportionate share of total household work being
 performed by women. Further, the paper demonstrates that an improvement in
 the economic status of households leads to increased work demands being
 placed upon women. The gender division of labor is an explicit function of
 the dominant ideology of the area. However, such dominance does not go
 uncontested. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-105 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Peasants, gender, households, Pakistan, agrarian classes, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707666 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707666 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:87-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Mutari 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutari 
Title: Women's employment patterns during the U.S. inter-war period: A comparison of two states 
Abstract:
  Establishment data from New York and Ohio, two U.S. states representing
 mature versus dynamic industrial sectors, are used to decompose changes in
 women's employment during economic fluctuations in the 1920s and 1930s. By
 decomposing changes in women's employment, one can distinguish between
 changes which reflect the gender distribution of employment between
 various industry categories and changes which reflect employer decisions
 to mobilize specific groups of workers. The empirical findings suggest
 that during the inter-war period, economic restructuring in Ohio's
 mass-production industries resulted in substitution toward women workers.
 Nevertheless, in both states, working women's segmentation into industries
 which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment
 losses. The results suggest that patterns of gender segmentation which are
 ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social and
 cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 107-127 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Economic history of women, economic geography, gender segmentation, employment substitution, reserve army of labor, Great Depression, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707676 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707676 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:107-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers 
Title: The prevalence of gender topics in U.S. economics journals 
Abstract:
  This study complements existing research on the contributions and
 rankings of female economists with a descriptive analysis of the
 prevalence of gender issues in U.S. economicsjournals. Assuming that labor
 economics and development economics are the fields most likely to examine
 gender issues, I compare the incidence of gender-related articles in the
 last decade in leading U.S. general economics journals with top journals
 in the labor and development fields. I also examine the gender composition
 of authors of gender-related articles in all journals. Results indicate
 that the highest ranked field journals publish a higher percentage of
 articles on gender than do the leading general journals from among their
 labor and development papers. And unlike the common perception, a
 disproportionate number of the gender articles are written by men rather
 than women, particularly in the labor and general journals. The results
 suggest that departments that use publication in general journals as a
 proxy for overall research quality, and which do not consider alternative
 evaluations of research as potential full substitutes, may be using biased
 measures of the quality and importance of research on gender. The
 publication policies of general economics journals and the promotion
 policies of certain economics departments may have a direct effect in
 reducing both the number and perceived prestige of voices addressing
 issues of gender in economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 129-135 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Gender topics, U.S. economics journals, publication trends, female economists, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707686 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707686 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:129-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deirdre McCloskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey 
Title: Love and money: A comment on the markets debate 
Abstract:
  It is true that economics needs a theory of moral sentiments along with
 an account of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Economics is
 damaged analytically by ignoring love, or care. But love is not always
 nice, and is sometimes a threat to freedom. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Feminism, trust, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707696 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707696 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:137-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-143 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707706 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707706 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:2:p:141-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evelyn Forget 
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forget 
Title: Margaret Gilpin Reid: A Manitoba home economist goes to Chicago1 
Abstract:
  This essay offers a documentation of Margaret Gilpin Reid's early
 academic career and develops an analysis of how her home economics
 training may have influenced her career as an economist. It explores the
 links between home economics and economics in the early twentieth century
 when departments of home economics served as points of first entry to the
 academic world for many women, as sources of training in consumer
 economics and the operation of markets and as places of employment when
 women academics were not assiduously courted by regular departments of
 economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-16 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Home economics, history, Margaret Gilpin Reid, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707736 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707736 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:1-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: Introduction: For Margaret, With Thanks 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 11-12 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707726 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707726 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:11-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yun-Ae Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yun-Ae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Title: Margaret G. Reid: Life and achievements 
Abstract:
  Feminist critics of mainstream economics, and of the neoclassical
 paradigm in particular, have focused primarily on exposing and questioning
 the gender biases and androcentric claims to neutrality, objectivity and
 rationality of the most male-dominated discipline among the social
 sciences. The scientific method and mathematical sophistry so cherished in
 the discipline have also come under severe attack from several quarters.
 However, despite the intellectual ferment and some practical gains for
 women that these criticisms have engendered, even today the substantial
 contributions several women scholars have made to the field of economics
 are not well known or fully acknowledged. This paper traces and highlights
 Margaret Reid's contributions to the development of some core theories in
 economics. While several of her male colleagues whose work she had
 inspired or contributed to have been awarded the Nobel Prize, the
 discipline of economics still owes a huge debt to Reid and to several
 other women economists. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 17-36 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Margaret Reid, value of time, household production, the Permanent Income Hypothesis, women economists, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707746 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707746 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:17-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Duncan Ironmonger 
Author-X-Name-First: Duncan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ironmonger 
Title: Counting outputs, capital inputs and caring labor: Estimating gross household product 
Abstract:
  The estimation of Gross Household Product, the economic value added by
 the unpaid work and own capital of households outside the boundary of the
 System of National Accounts, should be addressed through household
 input-output satellite accounts which count household outputs, value them
 at market prices, and include an allowance for capital as a factor of
 production. This paper uses internationally comparable survey data to
 estimate the relative magnitudes of the gender division of the millions of
 hours of paid, unpaid and total work in twelve OECD countries, puts a
 dollar value on Gross Household Product in Australia, looks more closely
 at who provides care and nurture in households and suggests some urgent
 issues for attention. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-64 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Gross Household Product, satellite accounts, unpaid household work, household capital, care and nurture of human capital, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707756 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707756 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:37-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iulie Aslaksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iulie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslaksen 
Author-Name: Charlotte Koren 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koren 
Title: Unpaid household work and the distribution of extended income: The Norwegian experience 
Abstract:
  Measurement of unpaid household work is important in order to better
 understand income distribution as well as to give visibility to women's
 work and achieve more comprehensive estimates of the level of economic
 activity. This article surveys estimates of unpaid household work in
 Norway for use in national accounts and analysis of consumption
 possibilities. The latter are measured by extended income, defined as
 income after tax plus the value of unpaid household work. We find that
 extended income appears to be more evenly distributed than money income. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 65-80 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Household work, time budget surveys, extended income, satellite accounts, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707766 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707766 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:65-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iulie Aslaksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iulie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslaksen 
Author-Name: Trude Fagerli 
Author-X-Name-First: Trude 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fagerli 
Author-Name: Hanne Gravningsmyhr 
Author-X-Name-First: Hanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gravningsmyhr 
Title: An estimation of time and commodity intensity in unpaid household production in Norway 
Abstract:
  Household welfare is significantly affected by time-use patterns in
 household work and other activities. In this paper, we combine data from
 time budget surveys and consumer expenditure surveys in order to analyze
 the connection between consumption and time use and develop an improved
 method for allocating consumption expenditure to household activities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-91 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Household production, household production tables, national accounts, time budget surveys, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707776 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707776 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:81-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathleen Cloud 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloud 
Author-Name: Nancy Garrett 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrett 
Title: A modest proposal for inclusion of women's household human capital production in analysis of structural transformation 
Abstract:
  Neoclassical economists posit a set of stylized facts which mark the
 structural transformation of national economies. Yet these facts, when
 disaggregated by gender, exhibit puzzling anomalies. For the 132 countries
 in our sample, female rates of economic activity are much lower than
 men's, and GDP per capita accounts for less than 16 percent of the
 variation in female rates. We argue that the missing female labor is
 occupied in a fourth sector - production and maintenance of human capital.
 Utilizing a series of heroic assumptions, the paper makes a first rough
 estimate of the value of this sector on a country-by-country basis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-119 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
Keywords: Women, production, reproduction, labor, structural transformation, human capital, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707786 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707786 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:93-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Michele Pujol 
Author-X-Name-First: Michele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pujol 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-121 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707796 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707796 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:121-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joann Vanek 
Author-X-Name-First: Joann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanek 
Title: Generate and disseminate! The U.N. platform for action 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 123-124 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707806 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707806 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:123-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marga Bruyn-Hundt 
Author-X-Name-First: Marga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruyn-Hundt 
Title: Scenarios for a redistribution of unpaid work in the Netherlands 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 129-133 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707826 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707826 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:129-133




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meena Acharya 
Author-X-Name-First: Meena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya 
Title: Of milk and coca-cola 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-138 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707846 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707846 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:137-138




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Title: Thou shalt not live by statistics alone, but it might help 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 139-142 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707856 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707856 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:139-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Eisner 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eisner 
Title: Measure it to make it count 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 143-144 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707866 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707866 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:143-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Title: The valuation of unpaid work at statistics Canada 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-148 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707876 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:145-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Duncan Ironmonger 
Author-X-Name-First: Duncan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ironmonger 
Title: Priorities for research on nonmarket work 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 149-152 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707886 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707886 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:149-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michele Pujol 
Author-X-Name-First: Michele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pujol 
Author-Name: Nicky Pouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pouw 
Author-Name: Deborah Redman 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Redman 
Author-Name: Mary Ann Dimand 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Ann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dimand 
Title: Book reviews 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 153-175 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1996 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545709610001707896 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545709610001707896 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:2:y:1996:i:3:p:153-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evelyn Forget 
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forget 
Title: The Market for Virtue: Jean-Baptiste Say on Women in the Economy and Society 
Abstract:
  This essay examines Jean-Baptiste Say's ideas concerning women and their
 role(s) in society and the economy. It argues that Say wrote as a
 republican in the context of a political revolution and introduced certain
 republican ideas into his discussion of gender that influenced political
 economy throughout the nineteenth century. Contemporary economics still
 struggles with the legacy of the gender analysis that was born in response
 to the political agitation for women's emancipation that accompanied the
 French Revolution. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 95-111 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: j.-b. Say, Republican, French Revolution, Women, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338834 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338834 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:95-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bina Agarwal 
Author-X-Name-First: Bina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal 
Title: ''Bargaining'' and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household 
Abstract:
  Highlighting the problems posed by a ''unitary'' conceptualization of the
 household, a number of economists have in recent years proposed
 alternative models. These models, especially those embodying the
 bargaining approach, provide a useful framework for analyzing gender
 relations and throwing some light on how gender asymmetries are
 constructed and contested. At the same time, the models have paid
 inadequate or no attention to some critical aspects of intra-household
 gender dynamics, such as: What factors (especially qualitative ones)
 affect bargaining power? What is the role of social norms and social
 perceptions in the bargaining process and how might these factors
 themselves be bargained over? Are women less motivated than men by
 self-interest and might this affect bargaining outcomes? Most discussions
 on bargaining also say little about gender relations beyond the household,
 and about the links between extra-household and intra-household bargaining
 power. This paper spells out the nature of these complexities and their
 importance in determining the outcomes of intra-household dynamics. It
 also extends the bargaining approach beyond the household to the
 interlinked arenas of the market, the community and the State. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-51 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Bargaining Models, Bargaining Power, Gender Relations, Household Economics, Social Norms, Altruism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338799 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338799 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:1-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Colander 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Colander 
Author-Name: Joanna Wayland Woos 
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Wayland 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woos 
Title: Institutional Demand-Side Discrimination Against Women and the Human Capital Model 
Abstract:
  Human capital theorists claim that the gender wage gap is due in large
 part to supply-side factors. They base this claim on empirical evidence.
 This paper challenges the interpretation of that empirical evidence. It
 argues that that interpretation is based on an assumption of a simplified
 production system that rules out any consideration of
 institutionally-based demand-side discrimination. It argues that insiders
 have an incentive to choose production techniques that benefit themselves,
 and that their choices will bias measures of human capital in their favor.
 The paper then considers a specific case study - the undergraduate U.S.
 academic market - where such institutionally-based demand-side
 discrimination exists, and offers an institutional change which could work
 to offset it. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Human Capital, Discrimination, Academic Jobs, Institutions, Insiders, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338807 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338807 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:53-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Orr 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orr 
Title: Not Only Gender: More on Debating Markets 
Abstract:
  The paper by Gudeman and Gudeman on the nature of
 computer-mediated-communication (CMC) is a valuable contribution. This
 comment argues that they neglected one important aspect affecting CMC,
 namely ideology, and suggests that the ''Debating Markets'' exchange had
 long-term negative impacts on Femecon. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-126 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Computer-mediated-communication, Feminism, Gender, Ideology, Common Property, Power, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338852 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338852 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:121-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Hopkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hopkins 
Title: Argument and Community in the Markets Debate 
Abstract:
  In this essay, I use personal experience in the markets debate to
 illustrate how relationships of power are used to silence opposing
 arguments and dominate debate. I argue that presentation of women's
 experience and building on previous research by feminists must be accepted
 as valid arguments in a feminist community. Finally, I urge feminists to
 work together and reject these power plays. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 113-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Feminist Theory, Feminist Praxis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338843 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338843 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:113-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Saunders 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders 
Title: If You Can't Stand the Heat... 
Abstract:
  How we treat each other says a lot about us. It will, most likely,
 determine the future of our organization. Femecon is a haven for many
 women scholars in a male-dominated field. May it remain so. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Language, Gender, Community, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338861 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338861 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:127-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Author-Name: Lauren Young 
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Young 
Title: Student Attitudes Toward Roles of Women and Men: Is the Egalitarian Household Imminent? 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes the results of a survey of a sample of U.S.
 undergraduate students concerning their attitudes toward the roles of
 women and men in the labor market and in the home. We asked students about
 their attitudes and expectations because their attitudes may be expected
 to influence behavior over time. We found that both women and men held
 very egalitarian attitudes, which portends well for increasing gender
 equality. We also found evidence, however, that their answers did not
 always coincide with their intentions, suggesting that to some extent the
 opinions they expressed represent what they believed they ought to say
 rather than their real opinions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 65-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Sex Roles, Norms, Expectations, Housework, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338816 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338816 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:65-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Government Support for Families with Children in the United States and France 
Abstract:
  Child poverty is much lower in France than in the United States, although
 both countries have a similar proportion of births to unmarried mothers,
 and minority populations of comparable size. The differing poverty rates
 reflect differences in their programs of support for families with
 children, both in the amounts spent and in the contents of their programs.
 French program elements include government provision of child care, health
 insurance and cash support, most with no means testing. The U.S. program
 only tries to keep jobless families from destitution; the French program
 aims higher. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Children, Poverty, France, Child Care, Welfare Programs, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338825 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338825 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:85-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathleen Cloud 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloud 
Author-Name: Nancy Garrett 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrett 
Title: A Modest Proposal for Inclusion of Women's Household Human Capital Production in Analysis of Structural Transformation 
Abstract:
  Neoclassical economists posit a set of stylized facts which mark the
 structural transformation of national economies. Yet these facts, when
 disaggregated by gender, exhibit puzzling anomalies. For the 132 countries
 in our sample, female rates of economic activity are much lower than
 men's, and GDP per capita accounts for less than 16 percent of the
 variation in female rates. We argue that the missing female labor is
 occupied in a fourth sector-production and maintenance of human capital.
 Utilizing a series of heroic assumptions, the paper makes a first rough
 estimate of the value of this sector on a country-by-country basis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-177 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Women, Production, Reproduction, Labor, Structural Transformation, Human Capital, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338906 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338906 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:151-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roxane Harvey Gudeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Roxane Harvey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gudeman 
Author-Name: Stephen Gudeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gudeman 
Title: Competition/Cooperation: Revisiting the May 1994 Femecon Debates 
Abstract:
  This response to several comments on our prior article concerning the May
 1994 Femecon debate takes issue with views that equate patriarchy with the
 market and feminism with community, for each partakes and participates in
 the other. Opposing the use of simple dualities, we suggest that feminist
 economics might theorize how both communal and market orientations are
 interwoven in the building of material life. We also show that
 contributors to Femecon were responded to on the basis of status, with
 higher-ranking female participants receiving more frequent responses
 relative to their rate of participation than did lower-status females and
 males. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 131-142 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Market, Community, Femecon, Computer-mediated-communication, Language, Gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338870 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338870 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:131-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Power, Voice, and Economic Debate 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338870a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338870a 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeff Madrick 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madrick 
Title: Why Mainstream Economists Should Take Heed 
Abstract:
  By not including a measure of household production in the U.S. GDP, the
 U.S. economy's performance since the early 1970s compared with the
 economy's performance since the Civil War has been underestimated. Had
 household production been incorporated into the U.S. measures, the source
 of the confusion and economic security that have persisted in the U.S.
 would have been understood sooner and more clearly. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 143-149 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Economic Growth, Household Production, Human Capital, Labor Market Participation, Day Care, Two-worker Families, Productivity, Budget Deficits, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338889 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338889 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:1:p:143-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren 
Title: Focus Groups: Contributing to a Gender-Aware Methodology 
Abstract:
  A focus group is an open group interview from which research hypotheses
 can be derived. It enables economic research to step down from its narrow
 theoretical assumptions and to embed research questions in a life context.
 It also can contribute to strong objectivity and when done in women's
 groups and/or on gender issues, focus groups can contribute to a feminist
 methodology. Experience from a focus group by the author held in Africa
 has indicated how diverse and enriching economic notions can become, when
 discussed in a group, before the research has started. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 131-135 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Feminist Methodology, Focus Groups, Interview, Africa, Strong Objectivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338753 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338753 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:131-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Naples 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naples 
Title: Contested Needs: Shifting the Standpoint on Rural Economic Development 
Abstract:
  Economic restructuring is reshaping the lives of rural residents in the
 U.S. In response to these changes, small towns are attempting to generate
 economic development strategies that would increase their economic
 viability. This article contrasts perspectives on community-based economic
 development held by white North European-American women factory workers
 with members of the Economic Development Corporations in two rural towns
 in southwest Iowa. Drawing upon a multidimensional standpoint analysis and
 Nancy Fraser's ''politics of needs interpretation,'' I argue for
 broadening the constituency for community-based accounts of economic
 development in order to contest dominant interpretations of needs that
 typify contemporary approaches. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-98 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Rural Economic Development, u.s. Midwest, Feminist Standpoint Epistemologies, Economic Restructuring, Ethnography, Gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338708 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338708 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:63-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Title: The Need for Crossing the Method Boundaries in Economics Research 
Abstract:
  Feminist economists should make greater use of qualitative methods and
 enhance the complementarities between survey and qualitative methods. This
 will facilitate three outcomes of value for feminist economics: uncover
 and correct androcentric biases in survey-generated data/analyses; advance
 theory and empirical research on the processes that underlie economic
 outcomes; broaden the range of topics to include those on the margins of
 the discipline. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-125 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Data-gathering Techniques, Survey Method, Fieldwork, Qualitative Methods, Feminist Research, Feminist Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338735 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338735 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:121-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joyce Jacobsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen 
Author-Name: Andrew Newman 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Newman 
Title: What Data Do Economists Use? The Case of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations 
Abstract:
  We analyze a comprehensive set of labor economics and industrial
 relations articles by authorship affiliation (economist vs. noneconomist)
 and discuss the relative openness of economists to variety in methodology
 and data sources. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-130 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Data-gathering Techniques, Methodology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338744 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338744 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:127-130




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabrielle Meagher 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meagher 
Title: Recreating ''Domestic Service'': Institutional Cultures and the Evolution of Paid Household Work 
Abstract:
  This paper contributes an Australian perspective to writing on paid
 household work in feminist social science. It explores how some Australian
 domestic service providers are recreating ''domestic service'' with
 institutional and cultural strategies to overcome the stigma associated
 with this occupation. These developments are analyzed through three case
 studies of new models of domestic service provision. It concludes that
 several factors, including gendered ideologies of professionalism and
 skill, costs of entry and exit, and the structure of demand interact to
 segment the market for domestic services by gender and ethnicity. The
 analysis contributes to understanding of the labor process of waged
 domestic labor, and of relationships between skill, organizational
 structure and labor market segmentation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-27 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Domestic Service, Labor Process, Service Workers, Culture, Institutions, Labor Market Segmentation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338681 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338681 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Olmsted 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted 
Title: Telling Palestinian Women's Economic Stories 
Abstract:
  How can theoretical criticisms to economics introduced by feminist
 economists be addressed empirically? Feminist scholars outside economics
 have spent considerable time debating appropriate methods and have often
 argued that interactive, situated research is more appropriate for
 answering feminist concerns. By telling the stories of three Palestinian
 women, I provide examples where qualitative research can enhance and even
 challenge quantitative research. I argue that our understanding of
 concepts such as power, individualism and preference formation will be
 enhanced by the use of qualitative methods and that feminist economists
 should be among those questioning the narrow definition of acceptable
 evidence articulated by mainstream economists. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-151 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Qualitative Methods, Modeling Assumptions, Palestinian Women, Power, Situated Research, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338771 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338771 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:141-151




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Expanding the Methodological Boundaries of Economics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338771a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338771a 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simel Esim 
Author-X-Name-First: Simel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Esim 
Title: Can Feminist Methodology Reduce Power Hierarchies in Research Settings? 
Abstract:
  In this comment the issues of power hierarchies and the role of feminist
 methodology in fieldwork are addressed. Observations from fieldwork in
 Turkey for research on gender-based constraints faced by women micro- and
 small entrepreneurs are used to identify some of the power hierarchies
 involved in research settings and how the use of feminist methodology can
 be instrumental in reducing these hierarchies. Linking research with
 action-oriented programs is one important aspect of this fieldwork which
 contributed to the communities where the research took place. The
 methodology used in this research also validated personal experience
 through qualitative interviews and the use of interdisciplinary methods.
 The focus group interviews proved to be the most flexible, egalitarian and
 interactive of all the methods used in the fieldwork. In conclusion, while
 a feminist methodology cannot eliminate power hierarchies in the research
 process, it can be helpful in partly reducing them. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-139 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Economics, Feminism, Methodology, Qualitative Research, Focus Groups, Turkey, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338762 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338762 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:137-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michele Pujol 
Author-X-Name-First: Michele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pujol 
Title: Explorations - Introduction: Broadening Economic Data and Methods 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-120 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Methodology, Qualitative Methods, Feminist Research Methods, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338726 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338726 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:119-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlene Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Marlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Poor Women Survey Poor Women: Feminist Perspectives in Survey Research 
Abstract:
  This essay examines how applying feminist principles in scientific
 inquiry changes both the process and the results of research. Overall, I
 find that including feminist perspectives improves research. Involving a
 women's community in the research process and allowing poor women to
 interview poor women may reduce interviewer bias, improve response rates
 and facilitate trust in answering questions that are often quite
 sensitive. Including poor women in the interviewing process also enables
 these women to learn about scientific inquiry and to participate in the
 research process. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 99-117 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Methodology, Survey Research, Feminist Methodology, Feminist Research Methods, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338717 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338717 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:99-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Duncan 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duncan 
Author-Name: Rosalind Edwards 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind 
Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards 
Title: Lone Mothers and Paid Work - Rational Economic Man or Gendered Moral Rationalities? 
Abstract:
  In this article we examine the inadequacies of the rational economic man
 approach for understanding individual economic decision-making, and we
 suggest an alternative concept which we call ''gendered moral
 rationalities.'' We carry out this critique in the context of research on
 lone motherhood and paid work. This is an important social and political
 issue where analyses commonly use the rational economic man approach
 (although often only implicitly). However, these analyses have not, we
 argue, been able to understand the social processes by which lone mothers
 take up, or do not take up, paid work. In this paper we take the debate
 further by using recent empirical work on the employment position and
 values of lone mothers in Britain, integrating information from interviews
 with census data. The results suggest that it is nonmarket, collective
 relations and understandings about motherhood and employment which are the
 primary factors in explaining lone mothers' uptake of paid work. We term
 these ''gendered moral rationalities.'' While individual levels of human
 capital and policy constraints remain important, in a causal sense these
 are best seen as contingent, secondary factors. The source of economic
 rationality therefore, at least in this case, primarily lies outside the
 market and in the domain of collective, and highly gendered,
 understandings about proper social behavior. This critique parallels
 recent work by feminist economists who call for a complete restructuring
 in how economists think and conduct their research. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-61 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Rational Economic Man, Rationality, Lone Mothers, Employment, Motherhood, Gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338690 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338690 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:2:p:29-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cynthia Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: The First World/Third Party Criterion: A Feminist Critique of Production Boundaries in Economics 
Abstract:
  This paper examines definitions of production boundaries in economics,
 explores the limitations of these definitions with respect to the
 inclusion of unpaid domestic labor, and considers the significance of such
 an exploration for feminist economic analysis. Margaret Reid's ''third
 party criterion,'' a definition of economic activity advocated by many
 feminists and one used to set the production boundary for most household
 production models, sets an implicit market standard for defining nonmarket
 economic activity and therefore contributes to the marginalization of such
 production. Similarly, production boundaries considered appropriate in
 third world contexts, such as those defined in the recently revised System
 of National Accounts, also use implicit market standards for defining
 nonmarket economic activity. A ''first world'' criterion implicit in such
 production boundaries defines nonmarket activity as work only if it would
 have been dealt with on the market in the first world; this results in the
 inclusion of some of the unpaid domestic activity of rural women on
 grounds which reinforce the exclusion of work such as child care and the
 preparation of meals in theory and policy. Feminist economists should
 beware the danger of recreating implicit assumptions and definitions which
 result in the exclusion of unpaid domestic labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 47-68 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Feminist Economics, Work, Domestic Labor, Household Production, Women And Development, National Income Accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338654 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338654 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:3:p:47-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Galtry 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galtry 
Title: Suckling and Silence in the USA: The Costs and Benefits of Breastfeeding 
Abstract:
  Feminist literature has highlighted the way in which pregnancy and
 childbearing signal ''difference'' from the male labor market norm. The
 issue of breastfeeding adds complexity to this analysis. This paper argues
 that, in labor market terms, there are costs attached to breastfeeding for
 most women. However, health-focused research indicates that there are also
 significant benefits conferred by breastfeeding to mothers, infants,
 employers and wider society in industrialized as well as in so-called
 ''developing'' economies. In this essay, I argue that although the
 dominant American discourse on infant feeding emphasizes personal
 preference on the part of individual women there are, in fact, significant
 economic and employment-related factors which impinge on infant feeding
 options. In particular, those women in the most disadvantaged positions in
 the labor market are, in general, the most constrained in terms of such
 choice. However, while pregnancy and childbirth have been the subject of
 intense feminist interest and debate, breastfeeding and its intersection
 with women's increasing participation in paid work has not been
 foregrounded either within feminist equality/difference debates or within
 recent labor market analyses. Finally, it is suggested that feminist
 analyses of labor market issues, including debates about parental/family
 leave, need to incorporate both the costs and benefits of breastfeeding. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Breastfeeding, Infant Feeding, Employment, Parental Leave, Feminism, Equalitydifference, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338636 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338636 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:3:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janet Seiz 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seiz 
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: In Memorium: Michele Pujol 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338636a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338636a 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:3:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Burnell 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burnell 
Title: Some Reflections on the Spatial Dimensions of Occupational Segregation 
Abstract:
  This paper considers the role that urban spatial structure may play in
 the process of occupational segregation, and argues that neoclassical
 economic models of urban employment and residential location decisions
 have not considered the relationship between gender-based labor market
 status and space. The paper provides a critical feminist perspective on
 how conventional urban models have been used to explain patterns of
 segregation, and suggests reasons for limitations in existing theoretical
 and empirical analysis. It also explores ways in which economists can draw
 on work in other disciplines to develop fuller and more useful models of
 the relationship between urban spatial structure and occupational
 segregation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 69-86 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Feminism, Location Theory, Neoclassical Models, Occupational Segregation, Spatial Structure, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338663 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338663 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:3:p:69-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Katz 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Katz 
Title: The Intra-Household Economics of Voice and Exit 
Abstract:
  This article evaluates the feminist and institutional dimensions of
 intra-household economics. A brief intellectual history of this emerging
 subfield of microeconomics argues that the weakness of the New Home
 Economics lies not only in its failure to deal with the individuals that
 make up the family, but also in its lack of recognition of systematic,
 gender- and age-based power relations which structure household resource
 allocation. A critical review of cooperative household bargaining models
 shows that while these effectively capture preference and
 externally-derived bargaining power heterogeneity among family members,
 they treat individuals symmetrically with respect to their ''voice'' (the
 right and ability to enter into the household bargaining process) and
 ''exit'' (the socially and economically constructed alternatives facing
 household members in the absence of a cooperative solution), and say
 little about the actual processes that lead to household resource
 allocation decisions. Noncooperative intra-household models, on the other
 hand, offer richer characterizations of household structures and
 processes, and can endogenously account for differences in power among
 family members. The final section proposes a research agenda emphasizing
 an interdisciplinary approach to both intrahousehold theory and empirical
 analysis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-46 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1997 
Keywords: Economics Of Gender, Game Theory, Bargaining Theory, Cooperative Games, Noncooperative Games, Household Behavior, Household Production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457097338645 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457097338645 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:3:y:1997:i:3:p:25-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha MacDonald 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacDonald 
Title: Gender and Social Security Policy: Pitfalls and Possibilities 
Abstract:
  Social security reform is high on the agenda of many governments around
 the world. In thinking about gender and social security policy it is
 useful to consider the implications of work in feminist economics for the
 evaluation of existing policies and proposed reforms. This paper
 identifies six key points and applies these to a range of social security
 provisions, including unemployment insurance, maternity benefits, family
 allowance and child benefits, pensions, social assistance and tax-based
 measures. The problems with traditional social security provisions are
 emphasized, drawing on the experiences of a variety of countries. Finally,
 the paper summarizes some implications regarding incentives, eligibility
 and benefit levels, and funding of these programs, taking into account
 countries at different levels of development. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Social Security Policy, Welfare, Pensions, Intra-household Inequality, Caregiving, Unemployment Insurance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338536 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338536 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:1:p:1-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Cherry 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry 
Title: Rational Choice and the Price of Marriage 
Abstract:
  This paper accepts the thesis that marriage decisions reflect rational
 behavior based on weighing benefits and costs. It develops a concept of a
 marriage price that measures the excess services one spouse provides to
 the other when there are differences in the number of men and women
 seeking marriage partners. This price includes income, time allocation to
 household activities, and control over forms of intimacy and beauty
 styles. In contrast to Grossbard-Shechtman's strict choice model, this
 model highlights the patriarchal privileges of husbands. It identifies
 some of the factors which affect marriage price in the United States and
 assesses the impact of recent U.S. governmental initiatives to increase
 marriage rates, including the male employment proposals made by William
 Julius Wilson. The theoretical model developed here shows that proposals
 that increase the personal value women place on marriage raise the
 marriage price they must pay, as well as increasing marriage rates. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Rational Choice, Marriage, Patriarchy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338545 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338545 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:1:p:27-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irene Bruegel 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruegel 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: Symposium: Equal Opportunities and Employment Change in West European Economies 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 51-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338554 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338554 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:1:p:51-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacqueline Laufer 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Laufer 
Title: Equal Opportunity between Men and Women: The Case of France 
Abstract:
  The article deals with the implementation of equal opportunities and
 positive action in the field of work in France. After presenting a few
 characteristic trends of the evolution of the status of women on the labor
 market, the author presents the legal and policy framework of professional
 equality in France. She then discusses the positive action strategies
 which have been implemented by firms and explores reasons for their
 relative scarcity. In a final section, she deals with the recent evolution
 of the labor market. The rapid growth in part time employment could be
 seen as a possible solution to the problem of reconciling work and family
 life. However, in practice, the two processes, reconciliation of work and
 family life and the development of atypical forms of employment may
 combine to restructure the labor market in such a way that the
 inequalities affecting particular categories of women become cumulative. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-69 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Equal Opportunity Between Men, Women In France, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338563 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338563 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:1:p:53-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jill Rubery 
Author-X-Name-First: Jill 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubery 
Author-Name: Mark Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith 
Author-Name: Colette Fagan 
Author-X-Name-First: Colette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fagan 
Title: National Working-Time Regimes and Equal Opportunities 
Abstract:
  Progress towards equal opportunities is critically dependent upon the
 development of a more equal and more balanced allocation of time in both
 paid and unpaid work. Gender divisions relating to working time arise
 primarily from differences in gender divisions within the household but
 the extent and form that these gender divisions take in the labor market
 are moderated or mediated by national working-time regimes. These regimes
 are found to be extremely diverse across Europe with very different
 implications for gender equality. Current interests in greater flexibility
 in working time are leading to pressures to changes in working-time
 regimes and to an increase in the extent of unsocial hours working. The
 strategies adopted to meet these pressures may vary by country and sector
 but the restructuring of working time is also likely to be influenced by
 gender factors and divisions. The result may be increasing differentiation
 by both gender and class. Progress towards equality requires a renewal of
 interest in reducing standard working hours and a questioning of the
 current assumption that increasing unsocial hours working is essential for
 competitiveness. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 71-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Gender, Working Time, Equality, Europe, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338572 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338572 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irene Bruegel 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruegel 
Author-Name: Diane Perrons 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrons 
Title: Deregulation and Women's Employment: The Diverse Experiences of Women in Britain 
Abstract:
  In recent years employers in Britain have taken up equal opportunity
 policies more widely and structural changes in the economy have generally
 favored women. Against this, the pursuit of labor market deregulation is
 generally thought to impact adversely on women. This paper considers the
 changing British policy framework of the last ten to fifteen years and the
 effects on women's employment, highlighting differences amongst women.
 Deregulation and flexibilization are argued to have affected the
 conditions of part-time employment for women rather than its scale and
 pattern of expansion. The changing gender wage gap in Britain and the
 growth of pay inequalities amongst women are analyzed using a shift-share
 approach. The limited convergence in earnings between men and women is
 largely confined to full-time workers and has two distinct aspects.
 Full-time female employees have made some inroads into higher-paid
 occupations, but at the bottom end of the market the narrowing of the
 gender wage gap reflects little more than the deterioration in the
 position of low-paid men, relative to the median. The British case shows
 the limitations of an equal opportunities agenda pursued within a wider
 regime of burgeoning labor market inequalities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-125 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Britain, Gender Wage Gap, Deregulation, Equal Opportunity Policies, Labor Market Inequalities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338581 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338581 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:1:p:103-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kimberly Christensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen 
Title: Economics Without Money; Sex Without Gender: A Critique of Philipson and Posner's "Private Choices and Public Health: The AIDS Epidemic in an Economic Perspective" 
Abstract:
  ''Economics Without Money; Sex Without Gender'' critiques Tomas Philipson
 and Richard Posner's neoclassically-based model of sexual ''trades'',
 which argues that ''market'' mechanisms will be largely sufficient to
 control the AIDS epidemic. As feminist economists have pointed out, such
 neoclassically-based models rest upon strong assumptions regarding the
 availability of information, the partners' egotism, the absence of
 extra-economic coercion, and the ability of all parties to exit the
 market. In so doing, these models ignore the ways in which political,
 social, and cultural inequalities (e.g., race, gender, class, and
 nationality) may systematically bias market negotiations, including those
 over safe sex. The paper critiques the model's neoclassical assumptions
 and its prescriptions for public policy in the areas of epidemiology, HIV
 testing, and public subsidies for HIV/AIDS education and AIDS-related
 medical research. Finally, it discusses the impact of these inequalities
 on safe-sex negotiations in the case of the US low-income bi/heterosexual
 women, especially women of color, for whom AIDS is now the leading cause
 of death. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Hivaids, Safe Sex, Gender Inequality, Racial Inequality, Poverty, Violence Against Women, Neoclassical Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338400 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338400 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M.V. Lee Badgett 
Author-X-Name-First: M.V. Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badgett 
Author-Name: Prue Hyman 
Author-X-Name-First: Prue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hyman 
Title: Explorations - Introduction: Towards Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Perspectives in Economics: Why and How They May Make a Difference 
Abstract:
  The economics profession has only recently begun to include research on
 lesbians and gay men, but we argue that a lesbian economics has long
 existed, with documentation of anti-lesbian discrimination, discussion of
 its private and social costs, and practical work for change. This
 tradition, along with the newer traditions built upon work with gay men
 and bisexual people, provides a basis for feminists to expand work in
 economics on lesbian and gay issues. The articles in the symposium propose
 ideas for future research, for learning from other disciplines, and for
 creating a more welcoming academic climate. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 49-54 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Sexuality, Lesbian, Gay, Gender, Discrimination, Social Construction, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338428 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338428 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:49-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kim Sosin 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sosin 
Author-Name: Janet Rives 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rives 
Author-Name: Janet West 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: West 
Title: Unions and Gender Pay Equity in Academe: A Study of U.S. Institutions 
Abstract:
  This paper uses 1994-95 faculty salary data from over 1,100 four-year
 U.S. academic institutions, about one-fourth of them with collective
 bargaining agreements, to ask if faculty unions make a difference to
 gender pay equity. Average gender salary differences are negative at every
 rank and at every category of U.S. institution with or without collective
 bargaining agreement. Unions may improve gender salary differentials
 somewhat, particularly at the assistant professor level. There is no
 evidence that this gain will be lost at higher levels, and mixed evidence
 that further gains occur for women at the full professor level. The most
 pervasive and robust consequence of unions is to increase the positive
 impact that higher proportions of women at senior faculty ranks make on
 relative salaries at the assistant professor level. However, the influence
 of these higher-ranked women on gender salary inequalities at the
 associate and full levels is lower in union schools than nonunion schools.
 By reducing the flexibility of existing salary structures, collective
 bargaining apparently reduces the influence of senior women faculty on the
 salaries of current women faculty members while increasing their attention
 and influence at entry levels. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-45 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Gender Equity, Gender Salary Gap, Academic Unions, Faculty Unions, Earnings Differentials, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338419 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338419 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:25-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Giddings 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giddings 
Title: Political Economy and the Construction of Gender: The Example of Housework Within Same-Sex Households 
Abstract:
  In order to successfully use gender as a structure of constraint, I posit
 that the concept of gender be expanded from dichotomous categories of
 masculine and feminine to a continuum where agents are motivated and
 constrained by characteristics within the two extremes. Further we must
 explore specific origins and attributes of gender - its relationship to
 sexuality, its dynamic nature and the significance of socio-historical
 context. Households consisting of same-sex couples provide an interesting
 case for examining the relationship between gender and the division of
 labor. Theoretical and empirical predictions claim that the lack of gender
 differentiation within such households results in inefficiencies, equality
 or gender-neutrality. In contrast, initial research on the division of
 labor within lesbian households indicates that lesbian couples employ a
 variety of different divisions of labor. One implication is that lesbian
 couples exhibit gendered patterns of relations. Same-sex households
 provide an avenue to expand our understanding of gender itself and the
 nature of the relationship between gender and the sexual division of
 labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-106 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Gender, Division Of Labor, Household, Household Labor, Same-sex Households, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338491 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338491 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:97-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Matthaei 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthaei 
Title: Some Comments on the Role of Lesbianism in Feminist Economic Transformation 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the relationship between feminism and lesbianism,
 arguing both that feminism has encouraged and supported lesbianism, and
 that the existence of lesbian feminism supports both feminist goals in
 general and heterosexual feminists in particular. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 83-88 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Lesbian, Lesbianism, Feminist, Feminism, Economics, Sexuality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338473 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338473 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:83-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Rose 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose 
Author-Name: Lynn Bravewomon 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bravewomon 
Title: Family Webs: A Study of Extended Families in the Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual Community 
Abstract:
  Instead of simply mirroring heterosexual families, lesbian and gay
 families often consist of extended family webs, interconnected networks of
 adults and children in several households. This essay describes our plans
 for a research project in this area. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 107-109 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Family, Family Values, Kinship, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338509 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338509 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:107-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Towards a More Accountable Economics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 8-9 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338509a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338509a 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:8-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Perry Patterson 
Author-X-Name-First: Perry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patterson 
Title: Including Gays and Lesbians in the Economic Curriculum 
Abstract:
  Issues of direct economic importance to gay and lesbian lives do not have
 a prominent place in the American college economics classroom. This essay
 briefly reflects on the causes for this omission and describes some of the
 harm done thereby. It then proposes improvements to existing textbooks -
 the addition of questions that probe the economic ''efficiency'' of common
 discriminatory practices. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 65-72 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Gays, Lesbians, Teaching, Curriculum, Textbooks, Discrimination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338455 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338455 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:65-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyle Kauffman 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kauffman 
Title: Uncovering a Quantitative Economic History of Gays and Lesbians in the United States 
Abstract:
  There has been no substantive mainstream research done on the economic
 history of gays and lesbians in the United States. I argue that the reason
 has more to do with the discipline's standard of appropriate research
 methodology and use of concrete evidence than with an inherent bias
 against doing research on gays and lesbians. This is primarily the result
 of the way government data were collected. Research that will be deemed
 credible by quantitative economic historians can only be done using
 reliable data, and such historical data regarding gays and lesbians are
 simply not yet available. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-64 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Lesbian, Gay, Economic History, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338446 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338446 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:61-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. V. Lee Badgett 
Author-X-Name-First: M. V. Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badgett 
Title: Some Readings Related to Lesbian and Gay Economics: An Annotated Bibliography 
Abstract:
  History, law, sociology, psychology, and anthropology contribute to a
 sparse but growing economics literature relevant to the study of economic
 issues for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 111-116 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Sexuality, Lesbian, Gay, Gender, Discrimination, Course Readings, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338518 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338518 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:111-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marieka Klawitter 
Author-X-Name-First: Marieka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klawitter 
Title: Why Aren't More Economists Doing Research on Sexual Orientation? 
Abstract:
  Few economists work on issues of sexual orientation despite cultural and
 political changes which have spawned work in other social sciences and the
 humanities. Barriers to work in this area include discrimination against
 sexual minorities, the lack of interest and knowledge about sexual
 orientation, the absence of support for this research, and the scarcity of
 appropriate models and data. Institutional decision-makers could
 facilitate research on sexual orientation by creating nondiscriminatory
 workplaces, valuing and funding the research, and by creating courses in
 this area. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-59 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Gay, Lesbian, Economic Research, Discrimination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338437 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338437 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:55-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Cornwall 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornwall 
Title: A Primer on Queer Theory for Economists Interested in Social Identities 
Abstract:
  Queer theory studies the linguistic structures which lie behind
 socioeconomic inequality as well as the dependence of these structures on
 markets and other institutions. The methods of this theory and some of its
 assertions are exhibited. In particular, Foucault's conjectures about the
 birth of the concept of sexuality and the gender asymmetry in the
 historical articulation of lesbian and gay identities are described. The
 goal is to queer the temptation for economists to use ''identities''
 uncritically. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-82 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Queer Theory, Economic Identities, Sexuality, Lesbigayer, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338464 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338464 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:73-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cara Brown 
Author-X-Name-First: Cara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown 
Title: Sexual Orientation and Labor Economics 
Abstract:
  In attempting to ascertain various impacts on labor market outcomes using
 categories such as gender, race, ethnicity, and physical ability, a void
 exists with respect to sexual orientation. Whereas heterosexism and
 homophobia can explain some of the reasons for the void, the inability to
 collect data randomly about homosexuals' experiences in the labor market
 nullifies the basic tenet of all scientific research-random samples. A
 unique approach is presented which looks at income data for nonrelatives
 of the same sex, ages 45 to 64, living together in Canada, as a first
 attempt at comparing same-sex and opposite-sex genders, and is used to
 demonstrate the contribution of recognizing sexual orientation to economic
 questions. Other examples based on well-known debates about female labor
 participation and gender wage gaps are presented to evaluate the
 usefulness of studying economics recognizing sexual orientation. The need
 for such study is acknowledged as a measure of the inclusiveness of the
 economics discipline. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 89-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Sexual Orientation, Heterosexism, Homophobia, Elasticities, Sexual Division Of Labor, Wages, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338482 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338482 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:2:p:89-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Title: Introduction: This One's For You, Barbara 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338266 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338266 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Title: Barbara Bergmann: Scholar, Mentor and Activist 
Abstract:
  This is a short biography of Barbara R. Bergmann, an eminent economist
 and one of the founders of the International Association for Feminist
 Economics (IAFFE). 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Barbara r. Bergmann, Women Economists, Feminist Economics, International Association For Feminist Economics Iaffe, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338275 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338275 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Title: Interview with Barbara Bergmann 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 5-6 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338284 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338284 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:5-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Lapidus 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lapidus 
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Title: Remedying "Unfair Acts": U.S. Pay Equity by Race and Gender 
Abstract:
  Case studies in Canada, Australia, and the U.S. have found that pay
 equity (or comparable worth) has reduced the gender-based wage gap
 substantially, and results of research on the gender composition of jobs
 have been used guiding pay equity implementation. But, in general, the
 racial composition jobs remains overlooked in the literature and in public
 policy. We extend previous work on eliminating the wage penalty of
 employment in female-dominated occupations to estimating the potential
 effect of adopting comparable worth to alleviate race- as well as
 gender-based wage discrimination. First we report the negative impact of
 racial-ethnic and female composition of jobs on pay in the U.S. Correcting
 for this form of wage discrimination, we find that implementing comparable
 worth would appreciably narrow the race- and gender-based wage gaps and
 significantly reduce the percent of workers earning poverty-level wages,
 especially among women of color. Close to 50 percent of women of color and
 40 percent of white women currently earning less than the federal poverty
 threshold for a family of three would be lifted out of poverty. Second, we
 show that, in addition to the effects of occupational concentration, being
 a woman, an African-American, or a worker of Hispanic origin negatively
 and significantly affects pay. Not every type of wage discrimination is
 alleviated by a pay equity policy, which is why activists have also
 supported anti-discrimination and affirmative action policies for women
 and people of color. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-28 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Wage Discrimination, Race And Gender, Comparable Worth, Poverty, Occupational Segregation, Pay Equity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338293 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338293 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:7-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francine Blau 
Author-X-Name-First: Francine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blau 
Author-Name: Patricia Simpson 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson 
Author-Name: Deborah Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Title: Continuing Progress? Trends in Occupational Segregation in the United States over the 1970s and 1980s 
Abstract:
  This study uses comparable data on 470 detailed occupations from the
 1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses to analyze trends in occupational
 segregation in the United States in the 1980s and compare them in detail
 to the 1970s experience of declining segregation. We find that the trend
 towards reduced segregation did indeed continue into the 1980s at only a
 slightly slower pace. In both decades, changes in sex composition within
 occupations accounted for the major share of the decline in segregation
 (compared to changes in the mix of occupations in the economy). We also
 find that the pattern of changes in the sex composition of occupations and
 in the employment distribution of workers that produced the observed
 reductions in segregation were remarkably similar in each of these two
 periods. This similarity potentially poses some problems for the future.
 As women continue to enter the same areas, resegregation, which we found
 to have relatively moderate effects in the 1970s and 1980s, becomes an
 increasing possibility. Continued progress towards reducing occupational
 segregation requires that women succeed in entering a broader range of
 traditionally male occupations and/or a greater flow of men into
 traditionally female occupations. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-71 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Occupations, Employment, Occupational Segregation, Occupational Crowding, Gender Differences In Employment, Sex Composition, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338301 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338301 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:29-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Gibson 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibson 
Author-Name: William Darity 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Darity 
Author-Name: Samuel Myers 
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Myers 
Title: Revisiting Occupational Crowding in the United States: A Preliminary Study 
Abstract:
  In her study of occupational segregation in the United States using the
 1960 Census, Barbara R. Bergmann found black males with low levels of
 education more concentrated in low-skill service and laborer occupations
 than white males and virtually excluded from higher status occupations.
 Utilizing a crowding index which, similar to Bergmann's, controls for the
 education level of the worker, this paper presents an analysis of the
 employment patterns of black males and females in fifty-nine occupations
 in Wayne County (Detroit, Michigan) and Allegheny County (Pittsburgh,
 Pennsylvania) in 1990. Within blue-collar and service employment, males
 are under-represented in the craft occupations and concentrated in
 low-skill operative, laborer, and service occupations. Females are
 under-represented in both craft and operative occupations and concentrated
 in low-skill service occupations. Within white-collar employment, both
 males and females are largely excluded from high-skill private sector
 managerial occupations. Black representation in public sector managerial
 and private sector professional occupations is better in Detroit than
 Pittsburgh. The decline in manufacturing employment in both counties has
 left black males with fewer occupational options and black females
 over-represented in low status clerical and service occupations. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-95 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Occupational Segregation, Race, Gender, Employment Discrimination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338310 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338310 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:73-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Author-Name: Agnes Miling Kaneko Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes Miling Kaneko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Husbands, Wives, and Housework: Graduates of Stanford and Tokyo Universities 
Abstract:
  Barbara Bergmann argues that economic gender equity requires equity not
 only in paid employment, but also in household work. We examine the
 household task arrangements of a sample of married 1981 graduates of
 Stanford and Tokyo (Todai) Universities, about a decade after their
 graduation. No less than 43 percent of Stanford graduates shared household
 tasks about equally with their spouse, a much higher sharing rate than for
 the whole U.S. population. However, only 12 percent of Todai women and 8
 percent of Todai men had egalitarian household task arrangements, a
 sharing rate about equal to that of the whole Japanese population. Holding
 other variables constant, Stanford men who did at least half of household
 tasks paid an earnings penalty of about 10 percent. Women who did more
 than half of household tasks did not pay an earnings penalty. Our
 examination of task arrangements among dual-career couples provides
 support for bargaining power theories of the division of household tasks,
 but suggests that societal ideology plays a critical role in defining the
 scope for bargaining. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-127 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Economics Of Gender, Household Tasks, Egalitarian Task Arrangements, Bargaining Power, Gender Ideology, Social Norms, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338329 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338329 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:97-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trudi Renwick 
Author-X-Name-First: Trudi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renwick 
Title: Basic Needs Budgets Revisited: Does the U.S. Consumer Price Index Overestimate the Changes in the Cost of Living for Low-Income Families? 
Abstract:
  The consumer price index (CPI) is used in the United States to measure
 changes in the cost of living. Since the CPI is used to index the official
 U.S. poverty guidelines and to establish eligibility criteria for various
 public assistance programs, a change in the methodology used to calculate
 the CPI would impact the accuracy of poverty statistics and, more
 importantly, poor families' access to public assistance. Since the
 majority of these poor families are headed by women, the CPI becomes a
 critical issue for feminist economics. In December 1996 the United States
 Senate Finance Committee's Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price
 Index issued its final report which concluded that use of the consumer
 price index results in widespread substantial overindexing. This paper
 uses the basic needs budgets (BNB) to evaluate changes in the cost of
 living for low-income families. The author compares the cost of the BNBs
 for single-parent families in 1983 and 1996 and finds that the cost of the
 bundle of goods and services included in the BNBs has increased faster
 than the CPI. The author finds similar results for two-parent families. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 129-142 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Poverty, Single-parent Families, Poverty Measurement, Boskin Report, Basic Needs, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338338 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338338 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:129-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Franco Modigliani 
Author-X-Name-First: Franco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Modigliani 
Title: Lessons Learned from Barbara 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 143-144 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338347 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338347 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:143-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harriet Presser 
Author-X-Name-First: Harriet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Presser 
Title: Decapitating the U.S. Census Bureau's "Head of Household": Feminist Mobilization in the 1970s 
Abstract:
  In 1970, as in previous decades, the U.S. Bureau of the Census's
 household enumeration began with a lead question as to who was the 'head
 of household'. With the resurgence of feminism, this concept was
 challenged as an ambiguous concept which implied an authority structure
 imputed by the Bureau not measured, and offensive to many people. This
 paper tells the story of successful feminist mobilization in the 1970s
 that led to the removal of this concept from the U.S. decennial censuses
 beginning with 1980. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-158 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Head Of Household, Censuses, Feminist Mobilization, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338356 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:145-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: Barbara, the Market, and the State 
Abstract:
  Some reflections, in poetry and prose, on Barbara Bergmann's
 contributions to economic theory. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-168 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Bergmann, Discrimination, Child Care, Feminist Theory, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338365 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338365 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:159-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heidi Hartmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Heidi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann 
Title: The Economic Emergence of Women: Bergmann's Six Commitments 
Abstract:
  I suggest in this essay that Barbara Bergmann's approach to the economics
 of women is characterized by six striking dimensions, or what I call
 'commitments', namely: (1) a willingness to incorporate values into her
 analysis openly; (2) a commitment to applied economics - economic analysis
 that supports policy change that will improve women's and children's
 lives; (3) a commitment to empirical economics, i.e. to data collection
 and data-based analysis; (4) a commitment to communication with the
 public; (5) a commitment to the truth even if it challenges convenient
 orthodoxy; (6) a commitment to focus on how change can occur - to be
 positive not defeatist. A review of these six commitments, I demonstrate,
 reveals that they are held together by the first one, her willingness to
 incorporate values into her scholarly work openly. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 169-180 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Public Policy, Pay Equity, Child Care, Affirmative Action, Poverty, Welfare Reform, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338374 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338374 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:169-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deirdre McCloskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey 
Title: Simulating Barbara 
Abstract:
  Barbara Bergmann has a tough style of confrontation and a scientific
 style asking How Big Is Big. Economics would be a lot better off if it
 dropped Mathematical 'Proof' and Statistical 'Significance' and started
 simulating Barbara. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 181-186 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Bergmann, Barbara, Simulation In Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338383 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338383 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:181-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Riach 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Riach 
Author-Name: Judith Rich 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rich 
Title: Of Chicken Entrails, Anthropology, and a Realistic Social Science 
Abstract:
  Barbara Bergmann has advocated direct observation of market behavior by
 economists. There is a history of such activity in the area of labor
 market but that experimental work has mainly been conducted by
 noneconomists. We have followed the lead of these researchers and
 conducted audits of employment hiring behavior, testing for discrimination
 on the basis of gender and sex. The technique involves sending matched
 pairs of job applications. Discrimination was found against female, Greek,
 and Vietnamese applicants. The paper recommends improvements in
 experimental design for future audits. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 187-191 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1998 
Keywords: Experiments, Discrimination, Vietnamese, Women, Greeks, Entrails, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457098338392 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457098338392 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:4:y:1998:i:3:p:187-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean Shackelford 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackelford 
Title: Assessing the Strengths and Limits of Websites: The Webform in Action 
Abstract:
  As the use of web resources increases, students need to develop skills to
 assess strengths and weaknesses of the information they access. Using a
 webform assists students in evaluating these resources and furthers their
 critical-thinking skills. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Teaching, Internet, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338184 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338184 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:87-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Robert Eisner 1922-1998 In Memoriam 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 9-9 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338102 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338102 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:9-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: Web Accessories for Introductory Economics at the University of Massachusetts 
Abstract:
  This is a brief description of two websites that were developed to
 supplement introductory economics courses. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Teaching, Internet, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338193 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338193 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:91-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Bodkin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bodkin 
Title: Women's Agency In Classical Economic Thought: Adam Smith, Harriet Taylor Mill, And J. S. Mill 
Abstract:
  In this paper, the issue of women's agency (defined as the capacity of a
 female economic agent for rational decision-making) is examined in
 classical economic thought, with Adam Smith and the Mills taken as case
 studies. It is concluded that Smith had relatively little confidence in
 women's independent judgment and hence in their capacity for reasoned
 decisions on economic matters. By contrast, the Mills, almost alone among
 classical economists, did trust women to make decisions in their long-run
 interest. With the arrival of academic feminism in economics, the time is
 ripe for a reappraisal of such implicit assumptions, and it is concluded
 that current-day economists would do better to follow the Mills, rather
 than Adam Smith, on this matter. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 45-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Classical Thought, Women's Agency, Feminism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338148 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338148 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:45-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kim Sosin 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sosin 
Title: Explorations on Using the Web for Teaching - Introduction: How Might On-Line Networks Change Teaching? 
Abstract:
  On-line resources offer new possibilities and challenges to teachers of
 economics. In this &#x22;Explorations&#x22; section, three U.S. professors
 of economics describe their use of the web for teaching. Kim Sosin's
 introduction discusses some of the ways teaching economics might change
 with increased use of on-line technologies. KimMarie McGoldrick writes of
 her more specific project to develop critical thinking by using sites with
 a variety of perspectives. Jean Shackelford guides students through the
 process of gathering and evaluating information and providing feedback via
 a web form. Nancy Folbre explains how using the web enlivens her class. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Pedagogy, Teaching, Internet, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338166 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338166 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:79-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jasmine Gideon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gideon 
Title: Looking at Economies as Gendered Structures: An Application to Central America 
Abstract:
  The economic reform programs implemented in Central America have failed
 to meet their stated objectives. Although this failure can be attributed
 to a number of causes, an analysis of the economy as a gendered structure
 can help explain it, by looking not only at the impact of structural
 adjustment programs (SAPs) on women, but also at the impact of gender
 relations on SAPs. Integrating the productive and the reproductive
 economies provides a broader perspective from which to analyze the
 determinants of sustainable economic growth and development. Using
 empirical evidence, this paper examines both the way in which gender
 inequalities act as constraints on well-balanced development in the region
 and at outcomes in terms of the overutilization of women's time and the
 underutilization of men's time, gender differences in access to
 infrastructure and gender differences in income distribution. The paper
 also examines the gender balance in economic decision-making and
 investigates the tradeoff between the increase in exports and the
 improvement in food security that has occurred in the region. Finally,
 some conclusions are drawn. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Central America, Gender Relations, Institutional Bias, Price Distortions, Economic Reform, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338120 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338120 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:1-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KimMarie McGoldrick 
Author-X-Name-First: KimMarie 
Author-X-Name-Last: McGoldrick 
Title: Developing Critical Thinking by Using the Web in a Principles of Macroeconomics Course 
Abstract:
  This short exploration details one example of how the web can be used to
 present, discuss, and search for alternative perspectives on many economic
 issues as well as to teach students the importance of identifying the
 author(s) or institution(s) presenting the website information. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 83-86 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Pedagogy, Internet, Principles Of Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338175 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338175 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:83-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Title: Parasitic-Industries Analysis and Arguments for a Living Wage for Women in the Early Twentieth-Century United States 
Abstract:
  This paper examines arguments by activists and economists surrounding
 attempts to establish minimum wages for women in the United States in the
 Progressive Era. In particular, the paper focuses on analyses based on
 Beatrice and SidneyWebbs' argument that industries paying less than a
 living wage were &#x22;parasitic&#x22; on the society, a net drain on
 macro-efficiency. This analysis, widely accepted among economists of the
 time, viewed women as particularly vulnerable workers facing labor markets
 that were institutionally constructed and predatory. Unequal gender roles,
 employer power, and the absence of collective bargaining could all result
 in wages that were socially unacceptable as well as economically
 nonoptimal. These debates offer insights for modern feminist wage
 theories, and for current living wage campaigns. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-78 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Minimum Wage, Living Wage, Parasitic-industries, Wage Determination, Feminist, Economics, History Of Economic Thought, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338157 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338157 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:61-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: April Laskey Aerni 
Author-X-Name-First: April Laskey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aerni 
Author-Name: Robin Bartlett 
Author-X-Name-First: Robin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartlett 
Author-Name: Margaret Lewis 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis 
Author-Name: Kim Marie Mcgoldrick 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcgoldrick 
Author-Name: Jean Shackelford 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackelford 
Title: Toward A Feminist Pedagogy In Economics 
Abstract:
  Feminist economists have used feminist thought to analyze and revise the
 discipline of economics. This paper extends these analyses to the teaching
 of economics in college and suggests that feminist teaching methods might
 serve economists well in transforming the economics classroom to one that
 is more hospitable to wider audiences. The approach explored proceeds from
 the intersections of two avenues for incorporating more inclusive teaching
 methods. In the McIntosh tradition, stages for making course contents more
 inclusive are presented along with a discussion of how to develop
 inclusive classroom learning environments. The interaction of contents and
 methods and the implications of feminist thought for the teaching of
 economics are explored. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Pedagogy, Feminist Pedagogy, Gender Inclusiveness, Race and Gender, Learning Environments, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338139 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338139 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:29-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Wismer 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wismer 
Title: From the Ground Up: Quality of Life Indicators and Sustainable Community Development 
Abstract:
  In the search for accessible, understandable, and useful criteria for the
 evaluation of community sustainability initiatives, quality of life
 indicators have proven to be appealing. Currently, in Ontario, there are
 several ongoing efforts to develop quality of life indicators for use at
 the municipal level. Methodologies useful in rural communities must meet
 some important challenges, including a lack of small area statistics and
 an absence of paid staff assistance. This article discusses
 volunteer-driven efforts by rural Woolwich Township's Healthy Communities
 Project to develop quality of life indicators for use in developing a
 local State of the Community Report. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 109-114 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Community Economics, Sustainable Communities, Participatory Action Research, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338012 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:109-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iulie Aslaksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iulie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslaksen 
Author-Name: Ane Flaatten 
Author-X-Name-First: Ane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flaatten 
Author-Name: Charlotte Koren 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koren 
Title: Introduction: Quality of Life Indicators 
Abstract:
  Economic growth has increased the potential for a materially more
 fulfilling life. But economic growth has a price: it undermines the
 contributions of households, communities, and nature, on which all
 economic activity depends. How can we make visible, in economic terms, the
 qualities that are lost as a consequence of excessive economic activity?
 In the spirit of these critical discussions, Feminist Economics has
 initiated this issue's exploration of quality of life: Which aspects of
 life do economists regard as essential to the concept? What can we learn
 from disciplines whose traditions of quality of life research are older
 than ours? The ten articles that follow suggest, in the brief form allowed
 by the format, a number of different ways to approach these questions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-82 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Quality Of Life, Externalities, Economic Man, Social Reporting, Environmental Accounting, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337950 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337950 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:79-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Women's Reality and Well-Being 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337914 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337914 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brenda Wyss 
Author-X-Name-First: Brenda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wyss 
Title: Culture and Gender In Household Economies: The Case of Jamaican Child Support Payments 
Abstract:
  This essay uses the example of child support theory and Jamaican
 childsupport practices to argue that greater attention to local contexts
 and meaning systems can improve the explanatory and predictive power of
 economic models and their usefulness to policy-makers. The essay
 summarizes how neoclassical economists have (and have not) incorporated
 cultural differences into models of child support behavior. It then
 sketches two alternative approaches to taking cultural differences more
 seriously. The first approach maintains the logic and basic assumptions of
 the neoclassical model but accounts for specifically Jamaican constraints
 on child support behavior. The second approach considers how Jamaicans
 themselves might model their own child support practices. The essay
 identifies strengths of these two culturally sensitive child support
 models but also argues that both models disadvantage women andchildren by
 obscuring the opportunity costs of rearing children and helping to
 rationalize paternal child support default. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Jamaican Households, Culture, Gender, Child Support, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337923 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337923 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Lawson 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson 
Title: Feminism, Realism, and Universalism 
Abstract:
  Feminists have drawn attention to, and rightly criticized, the tendency
 of dominant groups unthinkingly to universalize their own values and
 practices. In so doing, however, many feminists have appeared inclined to
 criticize almost any practice of generalizing, a development that has
 proven problematic for feminist epistemological and emancipatory projects.
 Such considerations invite a questioning of how, if at all, the general
 and the particular are, or might legitimately be, combined in any context.
 The argument here is that addressing this sort of question can benefit
 from a more explicit attention to ontology than is to be found in much of
 the feminist literature. Illustrations of how ontology can make a
 difference are developed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-59 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Feminist Epistemology, Human Emancipation, Situated Knowledge, Standpoint Theory, Economic Modelling, Universalism, Ontology, Realism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337932 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337932 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:25-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Michalos 
Author-X-Name-First: Alex 
Author-X-Name-Last: Michalos 
Title: Reflections on Twenty-Five Years of Quality-of-Life Research 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a brief overview mainly of the author's contributions
 to quality-of-life research over the past twenty-five years. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-123 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Quality-of-life, Social Indicators, Subjective Well-being, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338030 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:119-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faye Duchin 
Author-X-Name-First: Faye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duchin 
Author-Name: Anushree Sinha 
Author-X-Name-First: Anushree 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha 
Title: Structural Economics and the Quality of Life 
Abstract:
  People's quality of life depends on the social relationships of their
 everyday lives and the technological choices that affect them. These
 features are readily described within the framework of social accounting,
 provided that relevant categories of households, workers, and economic
 activities are used. The taxonomies can be devised in ways that reveal
 systematic differences in the roles of different social groups (for
 example, those in the informal or formal economy; women or men) and the
 associated economic and social outcomes. The techniques of structural
 economics can then be used to explore their implications for the roles and
 outcomes of women in particular of alternative scenarios about economic
 development. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-132 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Structural Economics, Social Accounting, Informal Economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338049 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338049 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:125-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrice Flynn 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flynn 
Title: Contributions Feminist Economics Can Make to the Quality of Life Movement 
Abstract:
  This article articulates how and why feminist economists can move the
 quality of life literature forward and help it become a solid part of the
 social sciences rather than a subject whose perceived value fluctuates
 with political winds. Readers are challenged to consider and critique a
 proposed set of expectations to clearly define the field and set standards
 of excellence. Examples of this approach are provided from the experiences
 of an economic research firm striving to build on these guidelines in its
 work with nonprofit and for-profit organizations that design, fund,
 evaluate, and/or deliver programs that impact quality of life. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 133-137 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Quality Of Life, Socio-economic Measures, Indicators, Meta-analysis, Empirical Strategists, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338058 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338058 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:133-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabine O'Hara 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabine 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Hara 
Title: Economics, Ecology, and Quality of Life: Who Evaluates? 
Abstract:
  Measures of the Quality of Life have always raised questions about what
 indicators and valuation methods best represent human well-being. This
 paper argues that the &#x22;what&#x22; is inseparably linked to
 &#x22;who&#x22; is included in the selection and valuation process. It is
 argued that operative biases undervalue and even neglect the most basic
 aspects of the quality of life, namely those services provided in
 households, communities and nature which sustain the social and
 environmental context of human life. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 83-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Feminist Methodology, Context, Local Participation, Quality Of Life, Sustainability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337969 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337969 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:83-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fredrik Barth 
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barth 
Title: Comparing Lives 
Abstract:
  The construction of quality of life indicators seeks to transform a
 fundamentally subjective and experiential concept - the quality of lives
 as lived by actual people - into an objective and globally applicable
 measuring instrument. The article critiques some of the assumptions that
 are necessary to construct such a measure, and makes a plea for the use of
 a more appropriate and felicitous procedure for comparing variations in
 the quality of life. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 95-98 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Quality Of Life, Cultural Variation, Institutional Analysis, Perspectival Approaches, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337987 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337987 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:95-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr 
Title: What Does Feminization of Poverty Mean? It Isn't Just Lack of Income 
Abstract:
  This paper challenges the use of poverty incidence among female-headed
 households as a measure of feminization of poverty. It proposes an
 alternative framework of human poverty, focusing not on incomes but on
 human outcomes in terms of choices and opportunities that a person faces. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 99-103 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Concept Of Poverty, Measurement Of Poverty, Opportunities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337996 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337996 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:99-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Durbin 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Durbin 
Title: Towards a Gendered Human Poverty Measure 
Abstract:
  This paper explores some of the practical, methodological, and conceptual
 problems of developing gendered human poverty measures. It concludes that
 estimates of a gendered human poverty index to compare with the human
 poverty index calculated by the UNDP can readily be calculated using
 existing data on women for short life span, for illiteracy, and for
 malnutrition among girls less than 5. It also recommends calculating the
 same measure for men. These separate indices for men and women could be
 further elaborated to incorporate additional dimensions of their health
 status and their respective access to sanitary conditions. For women data
 exist on maternal mortality rates and infant mortality, which are good
 indicators of their health status; others might be found for men and women
 on the incidence of diseases caused by unsafe water and on the proportion
 living in more sanitary conditions. Finally, additional indices reflecting
 further dimensions of female deprivation should be explored, in particular
 to include access to land, credit and housing, social participation and
 social status. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-108 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Human Poverty Index, Feminization Of Poverty, Gendered Human Poverty Index, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338003 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:105-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siri Naess 
Author-X-Name-First: Siri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naess 
Title: Subjective Approach oo Quality of Life 
Abstract:
  This article aims at a clarification of the term &#x22;quality of
 life.&#x22; Three approaches are discussed: a subjective approach, often
 self-reports of psychological states; an objective approach, often
 material resources and arena options; and an approach including both
 subjective and objective elements. Common to the three is that positive as
 well as negative aspects of people's lives are considered. The article
 argues in favor of the subjective approach, leaning upon value judgments.
 Quality of life, thus defined, is considered an end in itself, while
 resources and arena options are considered to be means. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-118 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Quality Of Life, Subjective, Objective, Self-reports, Value Judgments, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099338021 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099338021 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:115-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dipankar Purkayastha 
Author-X-Name-First: Dipankar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Purkayastha 
Title: Patriarchal Monopoly and Economic Development 
Abstract:
  On the basis of a simple stylized neoclassical model, this paper attempts
 to define the concept of intra-household rent-seeking behavior. The
 intra-household rent is determined within the intra-household market for
 &#x22;patriarchal goods.&#x22; The paper shows that inefficient
 rent-seeking behavior can explain marginalization of women as economic
 growth increases men's real income. The model may be used to understand
 why women's household work may have a lower perceived value in some
 households. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-78 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Intra-household Allocation, Rent-seeking, Female Welfare, Patriarchy, Economic Development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337941 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337941 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:61-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Wilk 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilk 
Title: Quality of Life and the Anthropological Perspective 
Abstract:
  Anthropology has always had a commitment to cultural relativity, which
 has inhibited critical thinking or research on quality of life. I argue
 that cultural relativity remains an important caution to any attempt to
 measure or compare quality of life, but that there are also many reasons
 to pursue such comparisons. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-93 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Anthropology, Cultural Relativity, Subjectivity, Objectivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337978 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337978 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:91-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Kevane 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kevane 
Author-Name: Leslie Gray 
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray 
Title: A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso 
Abstract:
  Gendered social norms and institutions are important determinants of
 agricultural activities in southwestern Burkina Faso. This paper argues
 that gendered land tenure, in particular, has effects on equity and
 efficiency. The usual view of women as holders of secondary, or indirect,
 rights to land must be supplemented by a more nuanced understanding of
 tenure. Women's rights are in fact considerably more complex than the
 simple right to fields from their husbands. First, women's rights to
 property obtained from men may be coupled with other rights and
 obligations. In many ethnic groups, women have share rights to the harvest
 of their husbands. Second, despite land scarcity and rises in land value
 certain types of rights are strengthening. Specifically, women are more
 and more able to obtain land through the market. Finally, government
 intervention in the gendering of tenure seems to have eroded women's
 individual rights to land even when government projects explicitly try to
 incorporate women as "partners" in land-use programs. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-26 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Land, Africa, Gender, Women, Burkina Faso, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337789 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337789 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:1-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janet Netz 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Netz 
Author-Name: Jon Haveman 
Author-X-Name-First: Jon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haveman 
Title: All In The Family: Family, Income, And Labor Force Attachment 
Abstract:
  Empirical labor market studies often do not include controls for family
 and income structure. Because these variables are significantly correlated
 with many of the variables commonly included, such as education, estimated
 coefficients are subject to omitted variable bias. We demonstrate how
 omission of family and income variables can lead to statistically biased
 coefficient estimates on nonfamily variables and can lead to false
 inferences by examining labor force attachment of workers who have lost
 their previous job. The traditional variables most biased by the omission
 of family and income characteristics are education, displacement age, and
 predicted pre-displacement wages. As an indication of the extent of the
 bias, we calculate expected labor force participation rates for single
 women, married women, and married men using the average characteristics
 for each group using both the biased and unbiased coefficients. We find a
 50 percent reduction in the extent to which market-oriented opportunities
 explain the differences in observed labor force attachment between married
 women and men when family characteristics are included relative to when
 they are not. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-106 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Labor Force Participation, Omitted Variable Bias, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337824 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337824 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:85-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Title: Globalization, Gender And The Davos Man 
Abstract:
  Using Karl Polanyi's analysis of the social construction of markets in
 nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe, the paper applies his
 analysis to the formation of global markets in the late twentieth century.
 The paper argues that Polanyi's work needs to be engendered in order to
 take into consideration women's and men's different links to the market
 and to understand the construction of "economic man" gone global. The
 paper also addresses the feminization of the labor force across the globe
 and the possible effects on women's behavior and on the construction of
 "economic woman." The concluding section discusses alternative
 interpretations of this behavior. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-83 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Markets, Globalization, Economic Man, Feminization Of The Labor Force, Gender, Alternative Models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337815 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337815 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:61-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Title: Guidelines For Pre-College Economics Education: A Critique 
Abstract:
  While economists of all persuasions undoubtedly agree that universal
 economic literacy would be desirable, there appears to be substantial
 disagreement over what economic literacy is, what problems most need to be
 addressed, and how they can best be solved. These differences are clearly
 reflected in their diverse views as to what the goals should be for
 teaching economics in secondary schools. This paper specifically examines
 the recommendations offered in a paper on economic content standards by
 leaders of the economic education movement in the U.S. and finds them
 seriously wanting. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 135-142 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Economic Literacy, Concepts, Facts, Consensus, Assumptions, Relevance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337851 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337851 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:135-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Dimand 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dimand 
Title: Minnie Throop England On Crises And Cycles: A Neglected Early Macroeconomist 
Abstract:
  Minnie Throop England published important articles on crises and cycles
 between 1906 and 1915, but has been forgotten in the history of
 macroeconomics. Her promotion theory of cycles was close to Schumpeter's
 cycle theory, and she was an important critic of Fisher's monetary theory
 of fluctuations. This article examines her contributions to economics and
 her tumultuous career. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 107-126 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Early Macroeconomics, Women Economists, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337833 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337833 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:107-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Feminist Reconstructions of Economics: They've Arrived! 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337770 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337770 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Bittman 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bittman 
Title: Parenthood Without Penalty: Time Use And Public Policy In Australia And Finland 
Abstract:
  Housework and child care continue to be assigned on the basis of gender.
 Women are significantly disadvantaged by their unequal share of unpaid
 work. Three remedies for this situation have been advanced: (1)
 renegotiation of domestic division of labor, (2) substitution of market
 provision for unpaid labor, and (3) public provision of key services.
 Using time use and expenditure data from Australia this paper shows that
 most changes in the domestic division of labor have come from women's,
 rather than men's, adaptations. Furthermore, much of the change is
 attributable to increased reliance on market substitutes for women's
 domestic labor. A comparison of social policy and time use in Australia
 and Finland shows how entitlement to generous parental leave and public
 provision of child care can significantly reduce the economic and social
 penalties faced by mothers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-42 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Gender Equity, Family Responsibilities, Domestic Division Of Labor, Social Policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337798 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337798 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:27-42




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: Of Markets And Martyrs: Is It OK To Pay Well For Care? 
Abstract:
  If caring work were well paid, would it lose some of the special,
 emotional, interpersonal aspects we want in "real" care relationships?
 Some fear that the introduction of "market values" would lead to such an
 outcome. This article seeks to bring to light some logical fallacies and
 insufficiently expunged gender dualisms that may lie, unexamined, under
 such concerns. Examining the ways we think and talk about markets,
 meanings, and motivations, it argues that the foci of feminist concern
 should instead be the concrete structures of caregiving and the problem of
 under-demand. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 43-59 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Caring, Labor, Wages, Dualism, Markets, Commodification, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337806 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337806 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:43-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Harding 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harding 
Title: The Case For Strategic Realism: A Response To Lawson 
Abstract:
  Tony Lawson makes a compelling case that it is only naive realism that
 feminist social scientists and philosophers need to avoid, not any and all
 realist arguments. However, he leaves mysterious, on the one hand, why so
 many feminists have preferred epistemological to ontological arguments
 and, on the other hand, why naive realism, which is indeed problematic,
 can appear to be a good scientific/epistemic strategy. The essay below
 tries to demystify these phenomena, notes a possible misleading aspect of
 his use of the term "epistemological relativism", and argues for a
 somewhat more limited value of the ontological argument he proposes for
 standpoint epistemologies. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-133 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Epistemology, Ontology, Realism, Relativism, Standpoint Theory, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457099337842 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457099337842 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:3:p:127-133




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit 
Title: Introduction - Children and Family Policy: a Feminist Issue 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-3 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337633 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337633 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:1-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anita Nyberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Anita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyberg 
Title: From Foster Mothers to Child Care Centers: A History of Working Mothers and Child Care in Sweden 
Abstract:
  The Swedish welfare state is usually considered "woman friendly." It
 treats mothers, including single mothers, as workers and offers them high
 quality public child care. Feminist typologies often use paid work as the
 lens through which to look at welfare states. Jane Jenson, however,
 proposes that we think seriously about care in typologies of welfare
 states. The aim of this article is to take the child care arrangements of
 working mothers seriously and the empirical concern is historical. While
 most people believe that the expansion of public child care in Sweden
 enabled mothers to become workers, it could also be argued- looking
 through the lens of care- that new public policies enabled women workers
 to become caregivers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 5-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Child Care, Foster Children, Foster Mothers, Welfare States, Women's Work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337642 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337642 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:5-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eileen Trzcinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Eileen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trzcinski 
Title: Family Policy in Germany: A Feminist Dilemma? 
Abstract:
  The paper provides a detailed description of different aspects of family
 policy in Germany, including descriptions of financial and employment
 supports for families in their caregiving role. Family policy in Germany
 provides strong financial and social support for children. Law and policy,
 however, are specifically formulated to encourage child rearing to take
 place in the home, with one of the parents focusing extensively on child
 rearing and family responsibilities. The paper also examines whether
 equality for women can be achieved within the framework of a corporatist
 welfare state regime such as Germany's. It develops the argument that the
 German route to equality may be a different one from that pursued by
 countries with liberal or social democratic welfare regimes. This scenario
 also implies that when and if equality does occur, the structures and
 meaning of this equality are also likely to differ. Finally, the paper
 argues that the corporatist welfare state regime cannot be dismissed as
 incompatible with the achievement of future equality for women. Instead
 such a model can be viewed as providing the potential of increasing
 choices for women with children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 21-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Family Policy, Germany, Child Rearing, Welfare States, Welfare Policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337651 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337651 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:21-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristina Carrasco 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrasco 
Author-Name: Arantxa RodrIguez 
Author-X-Name-First: Arantxa 
Author-X-Name-Last: RodrIguez 
Title: Women, Families, and Work in Spain: Structural Changes and New Demands 
Abstract:
  This article explores the evolution of the care economy in Spain in the
 latter half of the twentieth century, analyzing the time use of family
 members, women's entrance into paid employment, and welfare state
 policies. Our historical account suggests that efforts to strengthen
 women's position in the labor market must go hand in hand with policies
 that encourage more equitable sharing of care responsibilities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 45-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Care, Child Care, Welfare, Social Security, Time Use, Spain, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337660 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337660 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:45-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Sirianni 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirianni 
Author-Name: Cynthia Negrey 
Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Negrey 
Title: Working Time as Gendered Time 
Abstract:
  Household-labor time and market-labor time are organized in part through
 the social structure of unequal gender relations. Generally, women do more
 household work than men, women's market work is undervalued, and the
 greatest rewards for market work accrue to men. The career model of
 employment is biased in favor of men who have few household
 responsibilities. Even noncareer seniority-sensitive job paths assume male
 incumbency with limited competition from household responsibilities. In
 this article we discuss the gendered underpinnings of the organization of
 time in contemporary Western society by critically examining
 household-labor time and the masculine models of career and noncareer
 employment. In addition to the important feminist goal of pay equity, we
 argue for a feminist politics of time that promotes alternative work-time
 arrangements for women and men to foster gender equality in the market and
 at home. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-76 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Work-time, Alternative Work-time Arrangements, Household-labor Time, Market-labor Time, Gender And Work-time, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337679 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337679 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:59-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Subsidizing Child Care by Mothers at Home 
Abstract:
  Child care on a do-it-yourself basis by a parent would seem to be just as
 worthy of subsidization by government as nonparental care is. However,
 subsidies for care by a stay-at-home parent raise serious issues of equity
 between families with and without an adult at home full time. They also
 have the effect of reinforcing traditional gender roles, thus setting back
 the advances women have made in the workplace and society generally.
 Efficiency problems and administrative difficulties can also be cited.
 Long paid parental leaves have similar disadvantages associated with them. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Child Care, Government Subsidies, Housewives, Gender Roles, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337688 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337688 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:77-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jo Murphy-Lawless 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy-Lawless 
Title: Changing Women's Lives: Child Care Policy in Ireland 
Abstract:
  Child care as a policy issue has been forced to the center of the
 national planning agenda in Ireland with the report of an expert working
 group on child care. As Ireland has broken into the ranks of wealthy
 Western economies, Irish women have joined the formal workforce in ever
 greater numbers, dramatically breaking the traditional ideology of women
 as childbearers and homemakers. However, women are now carrying the double
 burden of work that accompanies the lack of any state policy on child
 care. This article traces this recent history of the feminizing of the
 Irish workforce, amidst a fast-changing social context for family life,
 and the multiple problems confronting the expert working group of securing
 an adequate range of policies for the provision of child care in a country
 which has one of the lowest rates of formal state provision in the entire
 European Union. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 89-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Ireland, Child Care, Women, Labor Force Participation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337697 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337697 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:89-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iulie Aslaksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iulie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslaksen 
Author-Name: Charlotte Koren 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koren 
Author-Name: Marianne Stokstad 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stokstad 
Title: The Effect of Child Care Subsidies: A Critique of the Rosen Model 
Abstract:
  In an influential article, Sherwin Rosen (1997) argues that Swedish
 subsidies of child care services lead to a substantial misallocation of
 resources that slows economic growth. We offer two major reasons why
 Rosen's approach is flawed. First and foremost, he ignores the positive
 externalities of increasing the quality of child care, despite their clear
 relevance to his general equilibrium model. Second, he overlooks
 distributional impacts, despite evidence that child care subsidies
 redistribute the costs of children between men and women, rich and poor,
 young and old. By exploring these and a number of smaller problems with
 Rosen's model we hope to encourage the development of more systematic
 efforts to explore the effects of state support for child rearing. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 95-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Child Care, Subsidies, Deadweight Loss, Household Production, Welfare State, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337705 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337705 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:95-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane Perrons 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrons 
Title: Care, Paid Work, and Leisure: Rounding the Triangle 
Abstract:
  The current distribution of paid work and caring work is inequitable.
 Some people are combining very long hours of paid work with caring
 responsibilities, while others with no caring responsibilities are also
 excluded from paid work. Nancy Fraser's (1996) concept of gender equity,
 is drawn upon as a normative standard against which to evaluate different
 models of work and child care in France and the U.K. In practice,
 distinctions between work, care and leisure are blurred. Correspondingly,
 all citizens could spread their time more evenly between these activities
 in order to obtain a more equitable distribution of the costs and benefits
 of social reproduction. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-114 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Gender, Equity, Paid Work, Child Care, Time, Social Reproduction, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337714 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337714 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Donath 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donath 
Title: The Other Economy: A Suggestion for a Distinctively Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
  This paper briefly introduces the idea of the "other" economy. The other
 economy is concerned with the direct production and maintenance of human
 beings as an end in itself. An important characteristic of work in the
 other economy is that few productivity gains are possible. It is argued
 that the study of the other economy and its relationship to the market
 economy could form the basis of a distinctively feminist economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Feminist Economics, Caring Work, Child Care, Productivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337723 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337723 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:115-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Levison 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levison 
Title: Children as Economic Agents 
Abstract:
  A generational perspective recognizes that children have preferences
 which may differ systematically from those of adults, and, furthermore,
 that a children's standpoint should be recognized by scholars and
 activists and incorporated into policy targeted at children and their
 families. Economics has not considered children as agents because of their
 lack of power relative to adults. The implications of recognizing
 children's agency are explored for the case of children's paid and unpaid
 labor force and household work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-134 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Child Agency, Child Labor, Unpaid Work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000337732 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337732 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:1:p:125-134




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Degrees of Connection: A Critique of Rawls's Theory of Mutual Disinterest 
Abstract:
  John Rawls's solution to the problem of justice between generations is
 premised on the idea that &#x201c;a generation cares for its immediate
 descendants, as fathers say care for their sons&#x201d; (John Rawls 1971:
 288, emphasis added). This paper brings mothers into the Rawlsian social
 contract. I argue that, when children have more than one parent, there is
 a contradiction between the assumption of concern for descendants, which
 underpins Rawls's account of justice between generations, and the mutual
 disinterest assumption, which characterizes parties negotiating in the
 &#x201c;original position.&#x201d; Concern for descendants creates
 connections within generations as well as across generations. The critique
 is internal and nonradical, but its implications are subversive. It
 demonstrates that an &#x201c;add women and stir&#x201d; liberal feminist
 reworking of Rawls's theory cannot be successful; bringing sexual
 reproduction out of the realm of nature and into the social contract
 necessitates a radical reconstruction of Rawls's theory. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-21 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Rawls Gender Intergenerational Justice Mutual Disinterest, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076089 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076089 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Bringing Justice to Economic Analysis 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-8 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076070 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076070 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:7-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hilde Bojer 
Author-X-Name-First: Hilde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojer 
Title: Children and Theories of Social Justice 
Abstract:
  This paper is about children as subjects of social justice. It argues
 that economic welfare theory, utilitarianism, and other theories of
 justice based on utility theory assume rational individuals with stable
 preferences, and therefore cannot be applied to children. Libertarian
 justice treats children as possessions of the parents without rights of
 their own. A Rawlsian social contract, on the other hand, can be extended
 to include children. The main part of the paper consists of an attempt to
 sketch such an extension. It argues that justice to children is basic to
 Rawlsian justice, and that the Rawlsian case for equality is strengthened
 when children are taken into account. The principle of extensive liberty,
 when applied to children, must imply that children cannot properly be
 regarded as the possession of their parents. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 23-39 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Children, Distributional Justice, Justice, Rawls, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076098 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076098 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Geske Dijkstra 
Author-X-Name-First: A. Geske 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra 
Author-Name: Lucia Hanmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanmer 
Title: Measuring Socio-Economic GENDER Inequality: Toward an Alternative to the UNDP Gender-Related Development Index 
Abstract:
  This paper assesses the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP)
 Gender-Related Development Index (GDI). Although the GDI has increased
 attention on gender equality in human development, it suffers from several
 limitations. A major problem is that it conflates relative gender equality
 with absolute levels of human development and thus gives no information on
 comparative gender inequality among countries. Using the same indicators
 as the GDI, the paper constructs a Relative Status of Women (RSW) index,
 which demonstrates how using a measure of gender equality that abstracts
 from levels of development results in very different country rankings.
 However, the RSW is not an ideal measure of gender inequality. The GDI
 indicators are not the most appropriate ones for measuring gender
 inequality and hence both the RSW and the GDI have limited validity. The
 paper concludes by offering a conceptual framework that provides the basis
 for an alternative measure of gender inequality. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 41-75 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Human Development Index, Gender Development Index, Socio-ECONOMIC Gender Inequality, International Comparisons, Measuring Economic Development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076106 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076106 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:41-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristina Echevarria 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Echevarria 
Author-Name: Karine Moe 
Author-X-Name-First: Karine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moe 
Title: On the Need for Gender in Dynamic Models 
Abstract:
  In this paper we emphasize the need for more theoretical research using
 dynamic models that include gender as a variable of analysis. We begin by
 summarizing some of the main observations characterizing fertility,
 gender, and economic growth. We then explore three types of theoretical
 models: one-sex dynamic, two-sex static, and two-sex dynamic. We conclude
 that more models of the last type - dynamic models that include gender in
 the analysis - are needed to analyze issues that involve both an
 intertemporal and a gender dimension. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-96 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Household Behavior, Gender, Education, Fertility, Labor Force Participation, Household Production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076115 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076115 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:77-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlene Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Marlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Employers' Estimates of Market Wages: Implications for Wage Discrimination in the U.S. 
Abstract:
  In the U.S., public and private employers often survey each other's wages
 in order to estimate the prevailing &#x201c;market wage&#x201d; for a job.
 I examine this process to see how it can lead to underpaying women,
 relying on a 1989 study of government wage-setting in the State of
 Washington and my own study of government wage-setting in the State of
 California. Gender biases can appear because numerous decisions are
 involved in each step of the process, and these decisions are often
 influenced by the gendered social and political environment, including the
 different levels of political organization of male and female employees. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-114 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Salary Surveys, Discrimination, Compensation, Wage-SETTING, Gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076124 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076124 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:97-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Lucas 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas 
Title: Women, Ecology and Economics, edited by Ellie Perkins 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-119 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076133 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076133 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:115-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Consolata Kabonesa 
Author-X-Name-First: Consolata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabonesa 
Title: African Women: A Modern History, by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076142 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076142 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:119-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Title: Women in the Labor Market (Volumes I and II), edited by Marianne A. Ferber 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-127 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076151 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076151 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:121-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Title: Women's Figures: An Illustrated Guide to the Economic Progress of Women in America, by Diana Furchtgott-Roth and Christine Stolba 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-129 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076160 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076160 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:127-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary King 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Title: Introducing Race and Gender into Economics, edited by Robin L. Bartlett 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 130-132 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076179 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076179 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:6:y:2000:i:2:p:130-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary King 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Title: Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender, and Economic Inequality, edited by Irene Browne 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 132-135 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076188 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076188 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen 
Title: Social Science in Question, by Mark J. Smith 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 136-139 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076197 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076197 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristin Dale 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dale 
Title: Gender and Economics: A European Perspective, edited by A. Geske Dijkstra and Janneke Plantenga 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 139-144 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076205 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076205 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Russell 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell 
Title: Adam Smith's Daughters: Eight Prominent Women Economists from the Eighteenth Century to the Present, by Bette Polkinghorn and Dorothy Lampen Thomson 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 144-148 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076214 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076214 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donna Baines 
Author-X-Name-First: Donna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baines 
Title: Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the &#x201c;Postsocialist&#x201d; Condition, by Nancy Fraser 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 149-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076223 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076223 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilfred Dolfsma 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dolfsma 
Title: Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy, edited by Charles K. Wilber 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 153-157 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700050076232 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700050076232 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Title: Mature Export-Led Growth and Gender Wage Inequality in Taiwan 
Abstract:
  After 1980, the Taiwanese economy was marked by technological change,
 growing overseas investment by Taiwanese firms, and continuing success
 with export-oriented manufacturing. In the manufacturing sector these
 developments coincided with a decline in women's employment opportunities
 relative to men's, a shift from wage to salaried employment, and an
 increase in gender wage inequality. Using industry-level panel data, this
 study investigates the effects of Taiwan's restructuring during this
 period on gender wage inequality. The most important findings are: greater
 export orientation adversely affects both men's and women's wages yet
 reduces gender wage inequality, because male employees face a greater wage
 penalty than women; greater capital intensity improves both men's and
 women's wages; and the shift toward salaried jobs improves men's wages
 while reducing wages of women. These results hold after controlling for
 the effects of female industrial crowding, female reserve labor supply,
 firm size, and overseas foreign direct investment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-26 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Gender Wage Inequality, Export-ORIENTED Growth, Taiwan, Gender, Earnings, Manufacturing Industry, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020119 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020119 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes BenerIa 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: BenerIa 
Author-Name: Maria Floro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro 
Author-Name: Caren Grown 
Author-X-Name-First: Caren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grown 
Author-Name: Martha MacDonald 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacDonald 
Title: Introduction: Globalization and Gender 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-18 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020100 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020100 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Title: Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth 
Abstract:
  Absent from the important debate on the determinants of rapid Asian
 growth is the role of gender inequality. This paper argues that gender
 wage inequality has stimulated growth, with Asian economies that
 disadvantaged women the most growing the fastest from 1975 to 1990. Low
 female wages have spurred investment and exports by lowering unit labor
 costs, providing the foreign exchange to purchase capital and intermediate
 goods which raise productivity and growth rates. These results contrast
 with recent studies that argue income equality at the household level
 contributed favorably to Asian growth by reducing political conflict. The
 divergent findings can be explained by the fact that gender norms and
 stereotypes that convince women to accept their low status curb labor and
 political unrest, stimulating investment. The results indicate that which
 group bears the burden of inequality in the process of economic growth
 matters. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Economic Growth, Gender, Inequality, Asia, Semi-INDUSTRIALIZED Economies, Export-LED Growth, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020128 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020128 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Fussell 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fussell 
Title: Making Labor Flexible: The Recomposition of Tijuana's Maquiladora Female Labor Force 
Abstract:
  This article revisits the debate over the benefits of export-oriented
 manufacturing employment for women by taking up Linda Lim's (1990)
 critique that such research is often biased in its methods and
 conclusions. Using a sample of 198 women workers from the 1993 Labor
 Trajectories Survey, I conduct a multivariate statistical analysis to test
 whether the social and demographic characteristics of the female
 maquiladora labor force influence their position in the labor market. I
 find that maquiladoras in Tijuana, Mexico, employ married women, women
 with children, and women with low levels of education who constitute a
 low-wage sector of the labor force with few other employment alternatives.
 In the drive to keep production costs low, multinational manufacturers
 have tapped into this low-wage labor force, thereby taking advantage of
 women's labor market disadvantages and making a labor force willing to
 accept more "flexible" terms of employment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-79 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Women, Low-WAGE Employment, Maquiladoras, Mexico, Flexible Labor, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020137 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020137 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nahid Aslanbeigui 
Author-X-Name-First: Nahid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslanbeigui 
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: The Asian Crisis, Gender, and the International Financial Architecture 
Abstract:
  This paper begins with an account of the Asian crisis, its creation and
 management by international financial institutions (the International
 Monetary Fund and the World Bank), and the gender impact of their
 stabilization and structural adjustment programs. Next we consider the new
 debate on reforming the IMF and the World Bank and restructuring the
 international financial architecture to prevent crises and manage them
 more effectively. Finally, we consider the gender ramifications of these
 changes. Since feminists have been absent from this debate, we examine
 issues essential to the formation of a gender-conscious international
 financial structure. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-103 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: International Financial Architecture, International Financial Institutions, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Structural Adjustment, Asian Crisis, Debt Crisis, Gender Impact Of The Asian Crisis, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020146 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020146 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ushma Upadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ushma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay 
Title: India's New Economic Policy of 1991 and its Impact on Women's Poverty and AIDS 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the effects of current policies intended to
 liberalize the Indian economy and facilitate globalization on women close
 to poverty. The New Economic Policy of 1991 included standard structural
 adjustment measures including the devaluation of the rupee, increase in
 interest rates, reduction in public investment and expenditure, reduction
 in public sector food and fertilizer subsidies, increase in imports and
 foreign investment in capital-intensive and high-tech activities, and
 abolition of the cash compensatory support for exports. These policies
 have resulted in increased urbanization, and fewer job opportunities for
 women in the formal sector. Such conditions increase poverty for women in
 particular. As a result, many women flow into cities looking for work in
 the informal sector. This may have increased numbers of women in sex work,
 for lack of better economic opportunity. Sufficient data are not available
 to confirm whether HIV infection rates have risen as a result; however,
 the evidence suggests there may be a relationship between macroeconomic
 policies and health outcomes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-122 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Globalization, Structural Adjustment, Commercial Sex Work, Aids Women, India, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020155 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020155 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyn Carr 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carr 
Author-Name: Martha Alter Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha Alter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Jane Tate 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tate 
Title: Globalization and Home-Based Workers 
Abstract:
  Globalization presents threats to and opportunities for women working in
 the informal sector. The paper, which draws on the work of Women in
 Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) Global Markets
 Program and of HomeNet, focuses on women home-based workers and analyzes,
 within the framework of global value-chains, the impact of globalization
 on labor relations and other market transactions. The chains reviewed are:
 manufactured goods (fashion garments); agricultural products
 (nontraditional exports); and nontimber forest products (shea butter). The
 paper shows how this form of analysis helps to identify the uneven
 distribution of power and returns within the chains - between rich and
 poor and between women and men. It concludes by emphasizing the importance
 of the work of the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), HomeNet, and
 StreetNet in organizing home-based workers, both locally and
 internationally, as well as that of WIEGO in supporting them. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 123-142 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2000 
Keywords: Globalization, Global Value-CHAINS, Home-BASED Workers, Homeworkers, Informal Sector Economy, Market Transactions, Labor Standards, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020164 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000750020164 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Title: Welfare-to-Work, Farewell to Families? US Welfare Reform and Work/Family Debates 
Abstract:
  There are large research, policy, and economic gaps between the ways US
 researchers and policy makers address the work/family bind amongst
 middleclass professionals and poor lone mothers. This is clearly seen in
 US welfare reform, an important piece of work/family legislation in the
 1990s. The new rules make the work/family binds worse for low-income, poor
 mothers and do not alleviate poverty. With its clear expectation that poor
 mothers be employed, the legislation opens up new avenues to revamp
 low-wage work for breadwinners and to socialize the costs of caring for
 family. Closing the literature gap may help to close the policy gap,
 which, in turn, would promote more income equality. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-135 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Families, Family Policies, Inequality, Welfare, Work And Family, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110048092 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110048092 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein 
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Title: To Honor and Obey: Efficiency, Inequality, and Patriarchal Property Rights 
Abstract:
  In this paper we use the logic of contractual relationships within the
 family to explore how technological change, distributional struggle, and
 collective action can help explain the relationship between economic
 development, fertility decline, and the emergence of more egalitarian
 marriages. We draw on the historical context of Great Britain and the U.S.
 between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries to argue that the
 property rights afforded male household heads constituted a system of
 residual claimancy not unlike modern contractual relationships within the
 capitalist firm. Based upon these patriarchal property rights, we present
 a simple model of household decisions to allocate women's labor between
 productive and reproductive activities, comparing the outcomes of
 egalitarian and patriarchal governance and concluding that patriarchal
 governance may create incentives for men to force women to
 "overspecialize" in reproductive labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Economics Of The Family, Residual Claimancy, Patriarchal Property Rights, Reproductive Labor, Family Law, Patriarchal Production, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713767276 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713767276 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Koritz 
Author-X-Name-First: Amy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koritz 
Author-Name: Douglas Koritz 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koritz 
Title: Checkmating the Consumer: Passive Consumption and the Economic Devaluation of Culture 
Abstract:
  Early neoclassical economics embodied a gendered symbolic system that
 devalued consumption and enabled economists to ignore a basic
 contradiction underlying their treatment of consumption. According to
 consumer-sovereignty dogma, the consumer determined which firms would
 survive by actively pursuing maximum individual utility. While this
 consumer retained the culturally masculine attributes of initiative and
 agency, consumption itself was devalued because, from a systemic point of
 view, it is not important which firms survive. At the macro level,
 consumption was marginalized through Say's law, which holds that excessive
 acquisition of commodities for consumption is potentially dangerous,
 because saving and investment drive the economy. The rise of mass
 consumption and Keynesian macroeconomics threw into question the cultural
 gendering of consumption - which had acquired feminine attributes like
 passivity and frivolity - and rendered the neoclassical devaluing of it
 increasingly untenable. The postwar, neoclassical synthesis and subsequent
 developments have reinstated the pre-Keynesian gendering of consumption
 and devaluation of culture. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 45-62 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Consumption, Culture, Keynes, Gender, History Of Economic Thought, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700010028365 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700010028365 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Cantillon 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cantillon 
Author-Name: Brian Nolan 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nolan 
Title: Poverty Within Households: Measuring Gender Differences Using Nonmonetary Indicators 
Abstract:
  Conventional methods of analysis of poverty assume resources are shared
 so that each individual in a household or family has the same standard of
 living. Nonmonetary indicators of living standards and deprivation are
 increasingly being used in measuring household poverty. This paper argues
 that such indicators can be used for a rather different purpose - the
 exploration of differences in living standards within households. It
 illustrates this by using indicators of deprivation of the type used in
 recent studies of poverty at household level to measure differences
 between spouses in a large Irish sample. It then discusses the limitations
 of these indicators for the purpose at hand and points to the need to
 develop more sensitive indicators of deprivation designed to measure
 individual living standards and poverty status, which can fit within the
 framework of traditional poverty research using large samples. While the
 discussion is specific to Ireland, the methodology developed is relevant
 outside the Irish context, in developing as well as developed countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 5-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Nonmonetary Indicators, Intra-HOUSEHOLD, Deprivation, Gender, Poverty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457001316854692 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457001316854692 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evelyn Forget 
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forget 
Title: Saint-Simonian Feminism 
Abstract:
  By 1832, followers of Saint-Simonianism, a utopian-socialist movement in
 France, had become preoccupied with the social and economic roles of
 women. Barthelemy-Prosper Enfantin, a leader in the movement, and a few
 disciples developed an increasingly utopian and abstract theory that
 justified "protecting" women from the hardening influence of the world and
 removing them from the public sphere, while arguing that in the new world
 women would play a role distinct from, yet equal to, that played by men.
 The theory treated both men and women as beings embedded in a social
 network, rather than as separate individuals with independent goals. After
 women were eliminated from the Saint-Simonian hierarchy in 1831, a group
 of female adherents founded a newspaper as the center of a separate
 organization, which would work for the extension to women of the same
 political and civil rights that men enjoyed. This separatist group focused
 on policy reform rather than theory, on the present rather than some
 indefinite future, and on the common concerns that united women across
 social classes. The different ways in which the two groups (the
 doctrinaire Saint-Simonians and the breakaway women's organization)
 conceived of economic agents mirror contemporary disputes in feminist
 economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Utopian Socialism, Saint-SIMONIAN, Feminist Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457001316854737 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457001316854737 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:1:p:79-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ailsa McKay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ailsa 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKay 
Title: Rethinking Work and Income Maintenance Policy: Promoting Gender Equality Through a Citizens' Basic Income 
Abstract:
  A citizens' basic income scheme is based on the principles of
 individuality, universality, and unconditionality; when combined with the
 notion of meeting "basic needs" it would serve to provide a minimum income
 guarantee for all adult members of society. However, implementation would
 entail radical reform of existing patterns of welfare delivery and would
 bring into question the institutionalized relationship between work and
 welfare, a basic premise of modern welfare states. To date, the debate
 over a citizens' basic income has emphasized its effects on labor markets,
 thereby displaying an androcentric bias. Although the role of women in
 society is central to social policy reform, the existing basic income
 literature is disturbingly void of any comprehensive treatment of women.
 No genuine discussion has taken place about the nature of women's lives
 and work and how these should be valued. Social policy reform should take
 account of all gender inequalities and not just those relating to the
 traditional labor market. This paper argues that the citizens' basic
 income model can be a tool for promoting gender-neutral social citizenship
 rights, but that any future marriage of justice and efficiency must first
 divorce work from income. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Social Security, Citizens' Basic Income, Work, Leisure, Gender, Citizenship, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700010022721 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700010022721 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:1:p:97-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Monk-Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Monk-Turner 
Author-Name: Charlie Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Title: Sex Differentials in Earnings in the South Korean Labor Market 
Abstract:
  We examine gender differences in earnings among South Korean workers in
 1988 - the year the South Korean National Assembly enacted the Equal
 Employment Opportunity Act. Using the "88 Occupational Wage Bargaining
 Survey on the Actual Condition," we calculate women's mean earnings as a
 percentage of men's mean earnings by major industrial category and
 educational attainment. We find a larger wage gap among clerical and sales
 workers than production workers or professionals. Generally, the more
 education a woman has, the smaller the gap between her earnings and those
 of her male counterparts. Women with a middle-school education have a mean
 income 53.5 percent that of comparable men, while the female-to-male wage
 ratio among college graduates is 76.1 percent. We analyze wage differences
 separately for women and men. Following Ronald Oaxaca's (1973) work, we
 decompose male-female wage differentials. We also calculate a
 discrimination coefficient. Our work shows that, all else equal, men earn
 from 33.6 percent to 46.9 percent more than women with comparable skills.
 We attribute the difference to gender discrimination. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-78 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: South Korea, Labor Markets, Earnings, Discrimination, Wage Gap, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700010028374 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700010028374 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:1:p:63-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shelley Phipps 
Author-X-Name-First: Shelley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phipps 
Author-Name: Peter Burton 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burton 
Author-Name: Lars Osberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osberg 
Title: Time as a Source of Inequality Within Marriage: Are Husbands More Satisfied With Time for Themselves than Wives? 
Abstract:
  Motivated by popular discussions of the "double work day" for women in
 dualearner households, this paper examines gender differences among such
 couples in satisfaction with time for self, drawing on microdata from the
 1990 Statistics Canada General Social Survey. While most earlier studies
 of the distribution of well-being within households focus on material
 goods, differences in access to free time are a potential source of
 inequity within the family. This paper gives some evidence that women in
 dual-earner households are more time-stressed than men, apparently as a
 result of the continued gendered division of housework, despite high
 levels of paid work by wives. However, total labor supply is not the main
 predictor of time stress for wives. Hours per week matter more than weeks
 per year, presumably because much household work cannot be postponed until
 another week. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-21 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Within-HOUSEHOLD Inequality, Intra-HOUSEHOLD Inequality, Subjective Wellmany Being, Unpaid Work, Time, Dual-EARNER Couples, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354700110068261 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354700110068261 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Mutari 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutari 
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Title: Implicit Wage Theories in Equal Pay Debates in the United States 
Abstract:
  We identify three implicit wage theories in U.S. debates over the
 principle of equal pay for equal work: wages as a living , wages as a
 price , and wages as a social practice . Arguments for wages as a living
 emphasize that the purpose of the wage is to provide an adequate level of
 support for the worker. Proponents of wages as a price emphasize that
 wages allocate resources and are primarily the outcome of forces of supply
 and demand. To these two standard views we add an analysis of wages as a
 social practice. As a concrete social practice, wages shape as well as
 reflect gender, race, and class. It is only by recognizing that wages
 serve multiple functions and contain multiple meanings that we can grasp
 the complexity of wage-setting processes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 23-52 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Living Wages, Equal Pay Act, Pay Equity, Feminist Theory, Economic Methodology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110064337 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110064337 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glenda Strachan 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strachan 
Author-Name: John Burgess 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burgess 
Title: Will Deregulating the Labor Market in Australia Improve the Employment COnditions of Women? 
Abstract:
  This article traces the development of policies designed to reduce gender
 workforce inequality in Australia. In contrast to earlier centralized and
 collective approaches, current strategy is founded on individualism and
 direct workplace bargaining. The location of reform is now the enterprise,
 with direct bargaining replacing collective standards. Current policy
 developments have seen gender subsumed under market impefemecotions and
 family responsibilities. These policies will remove many of the safeguards
 of minimum pay and conditions for women workers, especially those who are
 most vulnerable. When combined with the growth of "nonstandard" jobs the
 picture is bleak for many workers, especially the low paid. The onus for
 corrective action now rests with individual employees and workplace
 managers, with trade unions being marginalized. The authors suggest that a
 continuation of the current policy will wind back the clock on the
 employment conditions of women workers in Australia. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Labor Market, Women And Work, Equal Employment Opportunity, Industrial Relations, Workplace Bargaining, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110064328 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110064328 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:2:p:53-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geoff Schneider 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider 
Author-Name: Jean Shackelford 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackelford 
Title: Economics Standards and Lists: Proposed Antidotes for Feminist Economists 
Abstract:
  As Marianne A. Ferber points out in her critique of the US National
 Voluntary Content Standards for Pre-College Economics Education, feminist
 economists who are educators face many pressing issues (Marianne Ferber
 1999). In continuing the dialogue initiated by Ferber, we find her
 arguments apply not only to the Voluntary Content Standards, but also to
 the growing number of similar lists. Such defining lists figure
 prominently in the principles-of-economics texts used in introductory
 economics courses in the U.S., at both the secondary and university
 levels. After observing how these increasingly standardized principles of
 economics promote a narrowing of economic thinking, we pose possible
 feminist responses (antidotes) to them. Our aim is to arm feminist
 economists with responses that will help students understand that these
 lists are created without social and cultural boundaries. Our antidotes
 will also promote a fuller understanding of the scope and richness of
 economic thought, and the power of economic analysis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Economic Literacy, Economic Principles, Standards, Consensus, Assumptions, Relevance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110059243 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110059243 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:2:p:77-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Lewis 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis 
Author-Name: Kimmarie McGoldrick 
Author-X-Name-First: Kimmarie 
Author-X-Name-Last: McGoldrick 
Title: Moving Beyond the Masculine Neoclassical Classroom 
Abstract:
  In addition to critiques of the content and methodology of neoclassical
 economics, feminist economists have also offered constructive reflections
 on the way economics is taught. The "Voluntary Economics Content Standards
 for PreCollege Economics Education," developed in 1997 by the U.S.
 National Council of Economic Education, present yet another challenge to
 feminist economic educators. In this paper, we first review general
 methods for challenging and expanding these standards. Next, we select a
 specific content standard and explore how it might be reworked to reflect
 more accurately feminist economic scholarship and pedagogy. This
 reformulation of the standard will help broaden the pedagogy and content
 that are both implicit and explicit in all of the standards, allowing for
 a more inclusive classroom. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-103 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Critique, Feminist Pedagogy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110059252 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110059252 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:7:y:2001:i:2:p:91-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kimberley Christensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen 
Title: "Thank God . . . I Thought for a Moment You Were Going to Confess to Converting to Socialism!": Gender and Identity in Deirdre McCLoskey's Crossing 
Abstract:
  "Thank God . . . I thought for moment you were going to confess to
 converting to socialism! 'critiques McCloskey's account of her transition
 from a heterosexual male professor of "Chicago school" economics to a
 female, "free-market feminist." McCloskey's account raises fascinating
 questions for all feminists regarding both one's definitions of gender,
 and the institutions and practices which reinforce gender boundaries. At
 the same time, McCloskey's account is found to be lacking in certain
 respects. For example, she pays insufficient attention to the implications
 of gender for rational-choice, free-market economic theories, and she
 insufficiently contextualizes her definitions of masculinity/femininity to
 a particular class and race in the late 20th century US. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-120 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Gender Definitions, Gender Performance, Social Construction Of Gender, Rational Choice Analysis, Heterosexual Masculinity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110068270 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110068270 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jill Rubery 
Author-X-Name-First: Jill 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubery 
Author-Name: Mark Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith 
Author-Name: Dominique Anxo 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anxo 
Author-Name: Lennart Flood 
Author-X-Name-First: Lennart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flood 
Title: The Future European Labor Supply: The Critical Role of the Family 
Abstract:
  The European employment strategy initiated in 1997 is critically
 dependent upon the further integration of women into the labor market. The
 European Union has set a specific target employment rate for women of 60
 percent by 2010 and is also committed to providing more and better child
 care facilities. This gender focus is reinforced by the requirement for
 gender mainstreaming in all aspects of European employment policy. There
 is an implied Europe-wide, universal policy of encouraging female
 labor-market participation and reducing the care work performed by
 domestic labor. However, the European Commission continues to have limited
 competence in areas of family, social, and welfare policy. As a result,
 these common employment objectives for women are thus being pursued
 against a background of quite different systems of social, family,
 welfare, and indeed labor-market organization. These systems have
 different economic and employment implications, such that the outcomes of
 the common European employment strategy will also be highly variable. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-69 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Gender, Family, Employment, Europe, Policy, Labor Supply, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110088359 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110088359 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Drago 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drago 
Title: Time on the Job and Time with Their Kids: Cultures of Teaching and Parenthood in the US 
Abstract:
  This study uses time diary and telephone survey data from a nonrandom
 sample of 310 US public, elementary school teachers in 46 schools and four
 school districts to analyze the sources of time for employed parents to
 devote to their children in the US. Comparing parent and nonparent
 teachers for a 24-hour working day reveals that American parents spend
 significantly less time on work, personal time, passive leisure, and
 exercise, and significantly more time on child care and housework. Even
 so, the parent workday is far longer than the employment contract
 stipulates. Mild evidence suggests that supportive supervisors, shorter
 contractual hours, and low levels of student poverty are linked to
 increased parental time for children among the teachers. Evidence is found
 for a time transfer of work from parents to nonparents in schools with
 higher proportions of women teachers. Less direct evidence suggests this
 time transfer is voluntary. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-31 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700152726859 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700152726859 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson 
Author-X-Name-First: Therese 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson 
Author-Name: John King 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Title: "Never Intended to be a Theory Of Everything": Domestic Labor in Neoclassical and Marxian Economics 
Abstract:
  This article is a comparative study of the treatment of domestic labor by
 neoclassical and Marxian economists. Before 1960, mainstream economics
 concentrated on production for the market, with serious analysis of
 housework confined to a handful of economists, whose efforts in this
 regard were marginalized by economics departments but supported by
 departments of home economics. Later mainstream analyses, first in
 agricultural economics and then in human capital theory, culminated in
 Gary Becker's "new household economics." Domestic labor was also neglected
 by Marxist thinkers, who argued that housework was being socialized under
 capitalism and would disappear altogether under socialism, but it was
 rediscovered by Marxist-feminists in the late 1960s. Housework continues,
 however, to pose serious analytical difficulties for both neoclassical and
 Marxian economists. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 71-101 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Homework, Domestic Labor, Marxism, Neoclassical, Feminism, National Income, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110103504 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110103504 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman 
Author-X-Name-First: Shoshana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grossbard-Shechtman 
Title: The New Home Economics at Colombia and Chicago 
Abstract:
  When Jacob Mincer and Gary Becker started the New Home Economics (NHE) at
 Columbia University in the early 1960s, they expanded on the field of
 family and consumption economics that Hazel Kirk and Margaret Reid began
 in the early 1920s. This paper studies forty years of household economics,
 the decisions that household members make regarding any allocation of
 resources. These decisions may regard consumption, labor supply,
 transportation, fertility, or health. A review of the history of the NHE
 shows that Jacob Mincer's original contribution tends to be
 underestimated. This paper also argues that the growth of the NHE
 benefited from the concentration of talent at Columbia, organizational
 support, the diversity of a student body that included many talented
 women, the ideological commitments that students, many of them married,
 had for the study of home production, a departmental policy de-emphasizing
 gender-related politics, and relatively high levels of civility. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-130 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2001 
Keywords: Household Economics, History Of Economic Thought, Gender, Labor Supply, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110111136 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110111136 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kea Tijdens 
Author-X-Name-First: Kea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tijdens 
Title: Gender Roles and Labor Use Strategies: Women's Part-Time Work in the European Union 
Abstract:
  What is the nature of female part-time employment in the European Union?
 Using data from the Second European Survey on Working Conditions , the
 author seeks to address this question. The paper examines four regimes of
 part-time employment. The gender-roles model, which assumes that women
 work parttime because they are secondary earners or have children at home,
 ranks first as a predictor of the likelihood that a woman will work
 part-time. In the responsive firms model, which ranks second in
 explanatory power, part-time work is primarily seen as the firms' response
 to workers' demands for fewer working hours. The optimal staffing model
 assumes that employers will create part-time jobs as a response to the
 demand for time-related services; it ranks third in explanatory power.
 Finally, the secondary-labor market model, which assumes job insecurity,
 poor wages, and poor working conditions, ranks fourth in predicting
 whether a woman will work part- or full-time. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 71-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Women, Part-TIME Work, Gender Roles, Secondary Labor Market, Optimal Staffing, Responsive Firms, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210126553 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210126553 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:1:p:71-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman 
Author-X-Name-First: Shoshana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grossbard-Shechtman 
Author-Name: Regenia Gagnier 
Author-X-Name-First: Regenia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnier 
Title: Irma Adelman: A Pioneer in the Expansion of Economics 
Abstract:
  Major innovations and extensions require that economists change their
 focus. This entails the destruction of some of their human capital. Even
 though this is a process of creative destruction, typical of progress in
 industry, the process is somewhat painful and therefore is not undertaken
 lightly. Typically, most of the enthusiasm for our work on social and
 political aspects of economic growth was expressed by people either at the
 very top of our profession, who had human capital to burn, or by new
 entrants into the profession, who, as yet, had no human capital to lose.
 And, most of the resistance to our work came from the middle of the
 profession, who either could not afford to lose any human capital or could
 not be bothered to engage in the relearning effort required to absorb it.
 The initial reactions to our work exemplified this dualism. . . . Many
 graduate students came to Berkeley from all over the world in order to
 study under me. I then discouraged them from writing dissertations in the
 interdisciplinary tradition, fearing the potential damage to their
 careers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 101-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210125149 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210125149 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:1:p:101-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit 
Title: Making Visible the Hidden Economy: The Case for Gender-Impact Analysis of Economic Policy 
Abstract:
  This paper makes the case for analyzing the gender impact of economic
 policy, based on the existence of an unpaid as well as a paid economy and
 on structural differences between men's and women's positions across the
 two economies. Economic policy is targeted on the paid economy. However,
 unintended impacts on the unpaid care economy may limit how effective any
 policy can be. Gender-impact assessment will not only make the effects of
 economic policies on gender inequalities transparent; it will also enable
 policy makers to achieve all their goals more effectively, whether or not
 these goals relate explicitly to gender. The introduction in the UK of a
 new Working Families' Tax Credit (WFTC), designed to make employment pay
 and help reduce child poverty, provides an example of how gender-impact
 assessment could have been used to improve an initial policy design. The
 paper also suggests criteria for evaluating economic policy, so that its
 full gender impact and its effects on both paid and caring economies can
 be assessed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 49-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Gender-IMPACT Assessment, Economic Policy, Tax And Benefit System, Care, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110104864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110104864 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:1:p:49-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine Rankin 
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rankin 
Title: Social Capital, Microfinance, and the Politics of Development 
Abstract:
  Policy makers increasingly rely on theories of social capital to fashion
 development interventions that mobilize local social networks in the
 alleviation of poverty. The potential of such theory lies in its
 recognition of the social dimensions of economic growth. This recognition
 has inspired some innovative approaches to development, such as the
 now-popular microfinance model. In assessing the implications of these
 recent developments for feminist objectives of social transformation, this
 paper evaluates prevailing ideas about social capital (rooted in rational
 choice theory) against the grain of three alternative approaches: Marxian
 social capital theories ( A la Pierre Bourdieu), neo-Foucauldian
 governmentality studies, and my feminist ethnographic research on the
 social embeddedness of economic practice in a merchant community of Nepal.
 The paper concludes by bringing these critical insights to bear on
 possibilities for designing microfinance programs - and practicing a kind
 of development more generally - that could engage women's solidarity to
 challenge dominant gender ideologies. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Microfinance, Nepal, Pierre Bourdieu, Governmentality Studies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210125167 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210125167 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:1:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rhonda Sharp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rhonda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp 
Author-Name: Ray Broomhill 
Author-X-Name-First: Ray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Broomhill 
Title: Budgeting for Equality: The Australian Experience 
Abstract:
  Gender budgets have now been introduced in varying forms in more than
 forty countries throughout the world. These exercises emerged out of
 feminist practical politics initially in Australia and later in a number
 of other countries. The idea of gender budgets gathered further momentum
 when the United Nations Beijing Platform for Action called for the
 integration of a gender perspective into budgetary decision-making. Most
 of these experiments share three core goals. They seek to: (1) mainstream
 gender issues within government policies; (2) promote greater
 accountability for governments' commitment to gender equality; and (3)
 change budgets and policies. However, very little research has examined
 their success in achieving these goals. In discussing the lessons learnt
 from the Australian experience, this paper adopts a feminist political
 economy perspective on the state as an analytical starting point for
 discussing the future of gender budgets elsewhere in the world. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Gender Budgets, Women'S Budgets, Government Expenditure, Taxation, Economic Restructuring, Gender Mainstreaming, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354500110110029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354500110110029 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:1:p:25-47




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rose Brewer 
Author-X-Name-First: Rose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brewer 
Author-Name: Cecilia Conrad 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conrad 
Author-Name: Mary King 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Title: The Complexities and Potential of Theorizing Gender, Caste, Race, and Class 
Abstract:
  Most economists have not yet grappled with the demands of intersectional
 scholarship, which recognizes the intertwined nature of gender, race,
 class, caste and other influences on the economic situation of individuals
 and groups. Among economists, feminist economists may have made the most
 progress and be best positioned to break further ground, though we can do
 better and much remains to be done. This article synthesizes the case for
 intersectional work, reviews the state of the economic literature,
 describes the contributions of the articles in this special issue of
 Feminist Economics on "gender, color, caste and class," and sketches
 directions for the future. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-17 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Race, Gender, Caste, Class, Intersectionality, Feminist Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000019038 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000019038 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:3-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashwini Deshpande 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashwini 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deshpande 
Title: Assets versus Autonomy? The Changing Face of the Gender-Caste Overlap in India 
Abstract:
  Inter-group disparity in India is multifaceted; this paper focuses on
 gender and caste as two important indicators of disadvantage. An
 assessment of the contemporary state of the gender-caste overlap suggests
 that the economic condition of women continues to be defined and
 constrained by their caste status. At the same time, the traditional
 distinction between lower caste and upper caste women, based on the
 relative egalitarianism and greater freedom of movement of the latter,
 needs to be revised. The Dalit (low caste) women are the worst off, as
 they belong to a group that is materially at the bottom of the ladder;
 their relative deprivation is compounded by low levels of autonomy and
 greater exposure to domestic violence. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 19-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Gender, Caste, Color, India, Autonomy, Disparity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210160005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210160005 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:19-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Mutari 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutari 
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Author-Name: Deborah Figart 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figart 
Title: Neither Mothers Nor Breadwinners: African-American Women's Exclusion From US Minimum Wage Policies, 1912-1938 
Abstract:
  We examine two key US labor market policies: state-level minimum wages
 for women from 1912-23 and the federal minimum wage established under the
 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Each of these regulations implicitly
 defined which groups were and were not expected to conform to the
 hegemonic male breadwinner/female homemaker model of gender relations. In
 fact, social reformers and labor leaders advocated these policy measures
 as a means of extending the male-breadwinner family to recent European
 immigrants and white southerners. The male-breadwinner family and public
 policies designed to foster it became one means of defining a commonality
 of whiteness among different ethnic groups during a period of
 assimilation. Through the inclusion and exclusion of particular
 occupations and industries, African-American women were assigned a
 subordinated gender identity as neither full-time mothers nor legitimate
 breadwinners. They responded by forging their own gender identity as
 co-breadwinners. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-61 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Gender, Race-ETHNICITY, Public Policy, Minimum Wage, Family Wage, Male-BREADWINNER Family, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210160988 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210160988 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:37-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Title: Race, Gender, and Familial Status: Discrimination in One US Mortgage Lending Market 
Abstract:
  This paper, using data from the 1992 Boston Federal Reserve study of
 mortgage lending, reports preliminary evidence of patterns of gender and
 familial status discrimination that differ markedly by race in the US.
 White couples with children experienced familial status discrimination if
 the female partner was in the labor market, but not if she was at home
 raising her children. However, African-American or Hispanic couples with
 children suffered familial status discrimination if she stayed home to
 raise her children, but much less so, if at all, if she was in the labor
 market. This pattern of racial differentiation may reflect social norms
 dating back to slavery that have favored labor force participation for
 African-American and Hispanic mothers but not white mothers. On the other
 hand, it was true across racial groups that single women, more than single
 men, were disadvantaged in the mortgage market by children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-85 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Gender, Housing, Mortgage Lending Discrimination, Race, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210167323 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210167323 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:63-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivian Price 
Author-X-Name-First: Vivian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Price 
Title: Race, Affirmative Action, and Women's Employment in US Highway Construction 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes employment hours, supplemented by interview data,
 from large highway construction sites in Boston, Los Angeles, and Oakland
 in the 1980s and 1990s. This study suggests that affirmative action
 positively affects the employment of women in construction and where there
 is more pressure, there are strongr results. Second, white women and women
 of color tend to work in trades that reflect the existing racial
 hierarchies among men. Therefore race as well as gender should be
 reflected in the design and measurement of the impacts of employment
 programs. Community organizing, advocacy for women and men of color,
 judicial oversight and positive efforts by unions and employers are still
 critical to bridging the gap between policy intentions and outcomes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-113 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Affirmative Action, Nontraditional, Labor Unions, Occupational Segregation By Race And Gender, Construction Worker, Judicial Oversight, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210167314 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210167314 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:87-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlene Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Marlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Has the Race Penalty for Black Women Disappeared in the United States? 
Abstract:
  This paper finds that black women earn 7 percent less than similarly
 skilled white women because of their race. Even within the same
 occupational category, black women earn 3 percent less than similarly
 qualified white women. Black women receive lower pay primarily due to
 occupational segregation and because they are rewarded with lower earnings
 than white women for equivalent levels of education and other human
 capital characteristics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-124 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Black Women, Earnings Discrimination, Wage Disparities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210160997 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210160997 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:115-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linus Yamane 
Author-X-Name-First: Linus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamane 
Title: Native-Born Filipina/o Americans and Labor Market Discrimination 
Abstract:
  Filipina/o Americans face significant discrimination in the US labor
 market. Although Filipina/o Americans face both wage discrimination and
 occupational discrimination, the amount varies according to combinations
 of factors like gender, region of residence, and level of education. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-144 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Filipina, Labor Market Discrimination, Glass Ceiling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210158431 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210158431 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:125-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Villanueva 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villanueva 
Title: Racialization and the US Latina Experience: Economic Implications 
Abstract:
  This brief paper explores the economic implications of the racialization
 of Latinas, focusing primarily on women of Mexican background, with
 special attention to the historical and contemporary experiences of this
 group in the Midwest. The author discusses three interrelated processes
 that help explain the social positioning of Mexican-American and Mexican
 immigrant women in the region: the production of a "commodity identity"
 image, spatial barrioization (creation of segregated, generally poor
 barrio neighborhoods), and "outsider racialization." She also analyzes the
 income status of Latina women in terms of their reproductive
 responsibilities and productive work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-161 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Latinas, Racialization, Mexican Immigrant Labor, Discrimination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210158440 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210158440 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:145-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Otrude Moyo 
Author-X-Name-First: Otrude 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo 
Author-Name: Saliwe Kawewe 
Author-X-Name-First: Saliwe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kawewe 
Title: The Dynamics of a Racialized, Gendered, Ethnicized, and Economically Stratified Society: Understanding the Socio-Economic Status of Women in Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  Feminist literature attempting to understand the status of women in
 Zimbabwe has seldom considered patterns of social exclusion and the
 dynamics of a racialized society that institutionalized racial supremacy
 as an ideology for organizing social life. Even now, too often we believe,
 feminist theorists analyze the status of women with the assumption that
 patriarchy is the single source of the oppression of women. Using the
 notion of a racialized society we account for the workings of gender
 oppression within the historical context of Zimbabwe. We show how in a
 racialized society, gender, race, ethnicity, and class operate intricately
 together to relegate African women to the lowest socio-economic status.
 Even with policies to redress earlier imbalances, women endure all forms
 of injustices. We focus on the informal sector as illustrative of one
 sector where these injustices continue. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-181 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Racialized Society, Social Exclusion, Gendered, Socio-ECONOMIC Status, Zimbabwean Women, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700220000175 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700220000175 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:163-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakuntala Narasimhan 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakuntala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Narasimhan 
Title: Gender, Class, and Caste Schisms in Affirmative Action Policies: The Curious Case of India's Women's Reservation Bill 
Abstract:
  Following the introduction of economic liberalization policies in 1991,
 India has registered steady gains in terms of conventional economic
 indices such as external trade, investment inflows, and foreign exchange
 reserves. However, globalization has also caused the feminization of
 poverty. To counter this trend of marginalization of women, it is
 necessary to address the gender imbalance in decision-making positions. A
 Constitutional Amendment Bill seeking 33 percent reservation for women in
 parliament and state legislatures has, however, been scuttled by three
 successive governments since 1996, even while each party swears by its
 commitment to gender equity. The reasons for this curious schism showcase
 a classic example of gender-class-caste alignments and divisions, under
 political compulsions. This paper examines this ongoing gender-caste-class
 imbroglio, in the context of Indian affirmative action policies (economic,
 social, political), which have generated "backlash" reactions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 183-190 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Affirmative Action, Reservations In Parliament, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210161004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210161004 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:183-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vicky Lovell 
Author-X-Name-First: Vicky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lovell 
Title: Constructing Social Citizenship: The Exclusion of African American Women from Unemployment Insurance in the US 
Abstract:
  Theories of dual social citizenship in the US welfare state postulate
 that two tiers of citizenship rights are defined by the state, with
 first-class citizenship status offered to some individuals (historically,
 white male industrial workers) and second-class rights to others.
 Unemployment insurance (UI), as an employment-based right, is often
 characterized as a first-tier right. However, this examination of the
 original UI law shows that many levels of stratification were incorporated
 within this one program. Workers of color were excluded from UI benefits
 under the agricultural exemption, and the exclusion of private domestic
 workers barred an additional three-fifths of African American women from
 receiving UI benefits. The UI system built on existing stratification in
 the labor market to restrict this new right of social citizenship, as
 policy-makers re-examined and reified overlapping hierarchies of race,
 gender, and class advantage. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 191-197 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Citizenship, Race, Gender, Class, Unemployment Insurance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210167332 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210167332 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:191-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niki Dickerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Niki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dickerson 
Title: Is Racial Exclusion Gendered? The Role of Residential Segregation in the Employment Status of Black Women and Men in the US 
Abstract:
  This paper explores one angle of the race/gender/class intersection by
 examining the effect of residential segregation on black women and men's
 employment status in the US. Do the exclusionary mechanisms embedded in
 racially-based residential segregation affect black women and men's
 economic outcomes similarly, or are their employment outcomes
 differentiated by their different gender statuses? This paper lays out a
 theoretical framework for understanding the role residential segregation
 may play in shaping black men and women's labor market outcomes, outlining
 key mechanisms that link residential segregation to labor market
 inequality, highlighting the ways in which many of these mechanisms are
 gendered as well as racialized. This paper also offers an analytic design
 to test the hypotheses developed in this exploration. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 199-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Race, Gender, Unemployment, Labor Market Inequality, Residential Segregation, Occupational Segregation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210167369 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210167369 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:2:p:199-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi 
Author-X-Name-First: A. Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akram-Lodhi 
Title: "All Decisions Are Top-Down:" Engendering Public Expenditure in Vietnam 
Abstract:
  Between October 1999 and June 2000 a joint government-donor working group
 undertook a public expenditure review in Vietnam that was supposed to use
 "gender issues" as a cross-cutting theme. The article discusses ways in
 which a gender analysis could have been incorporated into a review of
 public expenditure, and examines why this did not happen in the end. Flaws
 in the process reduced the scope of gender analysis. Institutional
 constraints on the part of both the government and the World Bank weakened
 the commitment to a gender analysis. More fundamentally, however, it is
 argued that the methodological approach of the World Bank rendered it
 incapable of investigating possibly unquantifiable macrostructural and
 mesoinstitutional determinants of individual behavior. It is further
 argued that the conceptualization of social institutions offered by the
 World Bank with regard to gender relations fails to adequately express the
 extent to which social institutions are gendered. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-19 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Public Expenditure, Taxation, Public Economics, Gender Budgets, Vietnam, Gender Economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0003684022000026647 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0003684022000026647 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:1-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia Simpson 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson 
Author-Name: Linda Stroh 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stroh 
Title: Revisiting Gender Variation in Training 
Abstract:
  The purposes of this current study are twofold. First, inspired by data
 emerging from the United Kingdom and Australia, we seek to confirm whether
 the incidence of training was higher for US women than for US men during
 the 1990s. Second, we explore the relationship between the comparatively
 greater incidence of training for women and occupational segregation. Our
 data confirm that overall levels of training participation were higher for
 women than for men in 1995. Further, when training is broken down by type,
 women also participated more than men did in the three possible
 categories: on-the-job training, employer-supported off-the-job training,
 and off-the-job training without employer support. These results challenge
 conventional expectations derived from human capital theory. Finally, our
 estimates indicate that occupational segregation accounted for more than
 one-third of the gender differences in training in 1995 and for more than
 40 percent in on-the-job and employer-supported, off-the-job training
 categories. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 21-53 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Training, Human Capital Investment, Women And The Economy, Occupational Segregation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0003684022000026656 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0003684022000026656 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:21-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Shaffer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaffer 
Title: Poverty Naturalized: Implications for Gender 
Abstract:
  The article illustrates how philosophical assumptions affect the theory,
 practice, and results of poverty analysis, to the potential detriment of
 women and girls. It links the income/consumption approach to poverty with
 naturalist normative theory, which developed historically from the moral
 theory of David Hume. It then traces the historical development of
 naturalist normative theory from Hume to modern utility theory and
 examines its links with the British empiricist tradition. Finally, it
 reviews some of the practical consequences for gender and argues that the
 philosophical baggage of the income/consumption poverty approach may
 ignore important issues for women and girls, thereby creating significant
 gender "gaps" in the analysis of deprivation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Ethics, Epistemology, Methodology, Gender, Poverty, Welfare Measures, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000026896 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000026896 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:55-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Steele 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steele 
Title: Gender-Based Advantage: A Model of Emerging and Constructed Opportunities 
Abstract:
  This paper seeks to analyze the emergence of gender-based differential
 advantage in an abstract evolutionary model. This model helps to explain
 how the social convention of favoring one gender in the distribution of
 household surplus could emerge over time and suggests that gender-based
 advantage could emerge in a society without purposeful intent. It also
 provides insights into intra-household gender relations and the possible
 effects of reference groups on intra-household relations. In addition, it
 lays the groundwork for some interesting empirical or experimental
 research. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-97 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Evolutionary Models, Intra-HOUSEHOLD Bargaining, Reference Groups, Norms, Fairness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210156398 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210156398 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:77-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Olmsted 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted 
Title: Assessing the Impact of Religion on Gender Status 
Abstract:
  In an article published in Economic Development and Cultural Change ,
 Shoshona Grossbard-Shechtman and Shoshona Neuman "offer clues on how
 religion affects women's value of time in marriage." Using data from
 Israel, they argue that they are able to measure differences in the value
 of women's time in marriage among Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
 Unfortunately their article contains a number of erroneous statements
 concerning the three religions on which they focus. They provide little
 scriptural support for their conclusions, and ignore the particularities
 of the local religious practices in Israel. As such, their theoretical
 argument is flawed. In addition, their interpretation of their results and
 their treatment of religion as a dummy variable are rather problematic. In
 this comment I challenge their discussion of how both scripture and local
 practice define the three religions, as well as problematizing and
 reinterpreting the authors' empirical results. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 99-111 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2002 
Keywords: Religion, Marriage, Labor, Islam, Orientalism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700210166928 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700210166928 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:99-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen 
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen 
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson 
Author-X-Name-First: Therese 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson 
Author-Name: Vicki Thein 
Author-X-Name-First: Vicki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thein 
Title: Gendered Social Indicators and Grounded Theory 
Abstract:
  This article outlines a pilot program undertaken to assess the advantages
 and disadvantages of including significant elements of grounded theory in
 research measuring women's progress. This pilot program, carried out in
 Western Australia, aimed at broadening the range of data collection and
 analysis methods in the field of gendered social and economic indicators.
 It featured ten affinity group discussions with sixty-two women and six
 men on the issue of women's progress in the region. The results have
 implications for future research on women's well-being. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Social Indicators, Women's Status, Feminist Methodology, Focus Groups, Grounded Theory, Qualitative Research, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000063065 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000063065 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:1-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Wheelock 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wheelock 
Author-Name: Elizabeth Oughton 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oughton 
Author-Name: Susan Baines 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baines 
Title: Getting By with a Little Help from Your Family: Toward a Policy-Relevant Model of the Household 
Abstract:
  Recent decades have seen dramatic changes in the ways in which households
 in developed Western economies gain their livelihoods, with marked
 elements of a return to old ways of working. There has been a shift from
 reliance upon one family wage to the need for family employment as well as
 growing reliance on self-employment and small business. These changes mean
 that childcare for working parents, and the promotion of new small
 enterprise, are key areas of policy concern. Drawing on original English
 empirical research around both these themes, this article shows the ways
 in which UK households draw on redistribution between the generations as a
 v - v generally decommodified v - v contribution to livelihoods and
 "getting by." We argue that these results confound widely utilized models
 of how people behave, and take particular issue with how economists and
 policy-makers model the household and its boundaries as the institutional
 context for individual decisions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 19-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Household Boundaries/decision-making Policy Models Childcare Small Business Gendered Work Economic Individualism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000057053 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000057053 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:19-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Best 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Best 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: Edith Penrose: A Feminist Economist? 
Abstract:
  We re-read a foundational work, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm by
 Edith Penrose, not to identify the androcentric bias but instead to
 recover a challenge to such bias. Our purpose is to show in Penrose an
 alternative view of human "nature" and revulsion from "Cartesian"
 dualisms. At the same time, Penrose had a deep interest in the real world
 and used metaphor and story alongside empirical observation in the pursuit
 of theoretical advance. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm provides an
 approach to industrial organization that is not only consistent with
 feminist economics but can be read as a methodological and expositional
 examplar. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 47-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Penrose, Feminist Economics, Firm, Industrial Organization, Methodology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000044436 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000044436 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:47-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabetta Addis 
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabetta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Addis 
Author-Name: Paola Villa 
Author-X-Name-First: Paola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villa 
Title: The Editorial Boards of Italian Economics Journals: Women, Gender, and Social Networking 
Abstract:
  In Italy, women's advancement in economics has been curtailed by the
 structure of editorial boards of Italian economics journals. In this
 paper, we examine the presence of men and women economists on the
 editorial boards of thirty-six Italian economics journals published since
 1970 and analyze the gender distribution across different kinds of boards,
 roles, and fields. Because boards are hierarchically ordered, women work
 mostly in the lower positions, and the increase in women's participation
 has led only to more "editorial secretaries." Since men and women tend to
 have different scientific interests and men's standards of academic value
 prevail, women economists cannot build publication records as strong as
 those of their male colleagues, which, in turn, affects women's hiring,
 promotion, and wages, as well as the shape of the discipline. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 75-91 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Gender, Economics, Networking, Discrimination, Editorial Boards, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000057062 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000057062 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:75-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabienne Peter 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peter 
Title: Critical Realism, Feminist Epistemology, and the Emancipatory Potential of Science: A Comment on Lawson and Harding 
Abstract:
  In a recent contribution to this Journal , Tony Lawson (1999) claims that
 the methodological framework of critical realism fits the "explanatory and
 emancipatory projects" of feminist economics. This essay challenges his
 claim on the basis that a "naive" notion of science underlies critical
 realism. It argues that for feminist economists, a rethinking of
 traditional notions of scientific inquiry is just as important as the
 rethinking of methodology, and that one cannot be done without the other. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Critical Realism, Feminist Epistemology, Ontology, Democratic Inquiry, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110059289 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110059289 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:93-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drucilla Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Drucilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Title: Emancipatory for Whom? A Comment on Critical Realism 
Abstract:
  Tony Lawson (1999) argues that critical realism will facilitate
 revelatory and emancipatory projects in feminist economics. The strength
 of Lawson's argument lies in its rejection of social atomism and
 methodological individualism. Societies are best understood as
 structurally connected systems rather than as atomistic aggregates. Its
 weakness lies in its reliance on a humanist conception of human agency, a
 conception that is increasingly questioned by some feminists. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Critical Realism, Feminist Epistemology, Human Agency, Ontology, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110059270 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110059270 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:103-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: Once More, With Feeling: Feminist Economics and the Ontological Question 
Abstract:
  Is it worthwhile for feminist economists to delve into questions about
 the nature of reality? This essay argues that "feeling" is an aspect of
 reality that is neglected by both standard and critical-realist approaches
 to ontology. The author contends that a "process" approach to
 characterizing the nature of reality is more appropriate and that this
 approach demarginalizes feminist concerns with emancipation and care. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 109-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Philosophy, Emotion, Feminism, Realism, Process, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700110059261 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700110059261 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:109-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Lawson 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson 
Title: Ontology and Feminist Theorizing 
Abstract:
  In an earlier paper in Feminist Economics (Tony Lawson 1999), I suggested
 that there are likely significant benefits to feminist theorizing from
 adopting an explicit and sustained concern with ontology. I suggested this
 in the context of observing that theorizing of an explicitly ontological
 or realist nature is often downplayed and frequently actively discouraged
 in feminist writing. Several authors have since commented on my earlier
 paper, indicating points both of agreement and disagreement. In this essay
 I respond to some of the more critical comments and attempt to clarify my
 position in the light of them. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-150 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Ontology, Humanism, Strategy, Whitehead, Rationalism, Science, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000035760 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000035760 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:119-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Harding 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harding 
Title: Representing Reality: The Critical Realism Project 
Abstract:
  Is there only one basic structure of reality? Can anyone produce
 culture-free representations of reality? Is the partiality of our
 representations only a problem or inconvenience rather than also an
 epistemic resource? Should we think of the goal of sciences as the
 production of accurate representations of reality or of effective
 interaction with it? This essay focuses on differences in how Tony Lawson
 and I would respond to such questions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-159 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Ontology, Science, Epistemology, Social Justice Movements, Situated Knowledge, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000057071 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000057071 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:151-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Lawson 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson 
Title: Theorizing Ontology 
Abstract:
  Sandra Harding identifies a set of questions to which, she suggests, she
 and I would provide contrasting answers. In this short note I wonder if
 our differences are quite as sharp as Harding supposes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 161-169 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Ontology, Culture, Epistemological Relativism, Partiality As a Resource, Open Discussion, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000063038 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000063038 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:1:p:161-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Title: SEN, ETHICS, AND DEMOCRACY 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen's ethical theorizing helps feminists resolve the tensions
 between the claims of women's particular perspectives and moral
 objectivity. His concept of "positional objectivity" highlights the
 epistemological significance of value judgments made from particular
 social positions, while holding that certain values may become widely
 shared. He shows how acknowledging positionality is consistent with
 affirming the universal value of democracy. This article builds on Sen's
 work by proposing an analysis of democracy as a set of institutions that
 aims to intelligently utilize positional information for shared ends. This
 epistemological analysis of democracy offers a way to understand the
 rationale for reserving political offices for women. From a political
 point of view, gendered positions are better thought of as an
 epistemological resource than as a ground of identity politics v - v that
 is, of parochial identification and solidarity. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 239-261 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Democracy, Epistemology, Feminism, Objectivity, Universality, Ethics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077953 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077953 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:239-261




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine Koggel 
Author-X-Name-First: Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koggel 
Title: GLOBALIZATION AND WOMEN'S PAID WORK: EXPANDING FREEDOM? 
Abstract:
  In Development as Freedom , Amartya Sen takes expanding freedom to be the
 primary end and the principal means of development. I discuss his emphasis
 on women's agency as central to development theory and practice and the
 strategies he advocates for enhancing it. Recent work in feminist
 economics and postcolonial studies tests Sen's complex account of freedom.
 Further levels of complexity need to be added when we examine how global
 forces of power interact with local systems of oppression in ways that
 often limit women's freedom. This argument rests on an analysis of how
 globalization affects a domain of freedom that is a central concern for
 Sen, that of increasing women's freedom to work outside the home as a way
 of strengthening their agency. Attending to elements missing in Sen's
 account will enhance freedom in women's lives. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-184 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Globalization, Freedom, Agency, Women's Paid Work, Postcolonial Feminist Studies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077935 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077935 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:163-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Des Gasper 
Author-X-Name-First: Des 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper 
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren 
Title: DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM v - v AND AS WHAT ELSE? 
Abstract:
  To what extent can Amartya Sen's ideas on freedom, especially his
 conceptualization of development as freedom, enrich feminist economics?
 Sen's notion of freedom (as the capability to achieve valued ends) has
 many attractions and provides important opportunities to analyze gender
 inequalities. At the same time, Sen's recent emphasis on freedom as the
 dominant value in judging individual well-being and societal development
 also contains risks, not least for feminist analysis. We characterize the
 risks as an underelaboration and overextension of the concept of freedom.
 Drawing on Sen's earlier work and various feminist theorists, we suggest
 instead a more emphatically pluralist characterization of capability,
 well-being, and value, highlighting the distinct and substantive aspects
 of freedom, as well as of values besides freedom, in the lives of women
 and men. We illustrate this with reference to women's economic role as
 caregivers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-161 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Development, Freedom, Well-being, Values, Capability Approach, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000078663 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000078663 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:137-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum 
Title: CAPABILITIES AS FUNDAMENTAL ENTITLEMENTS: SEN AND SOCIAL JUSTICE 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen has made a major contribution to the theory of social
 justice, and of gender justice, by arguing that capabilities are the
 relevant space of comparison when justice-related issues are considered.
 This article supports Sen's idea, arguing that capabilities supply
 guidance superior to that of utility and resources (the view's familiar
 opponents), but also to that of the social contract tradition, and at
 least some accounts of human rights. But I argue that capabilities can
 help us to construct a normative conception of social justice, with
 critical potential for gender issues, only if we specify a definite set of
 capabilities as the most important ones to protect. Sen's "perspective of
 freedom" is too vague. Some freedoms limit others; some freedoms are
 important, some trivial, some good, and some positively bad. Before the
 approach can offer a valuable normative gender perspective, we must make
 commitments about substance. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-59 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Justice, Gender, Human Rights, Social Contract, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077926 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077926 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:33-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen 
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen 
Author-Name: Bina Agarwal 
Author-X-Name-First: Bina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns 
Title: CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 319-332 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000089788 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000089788 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:319-332




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Claudia Wink 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wink 
Title: "MISSING WOMEN": REVISITING THE DEBATE 
Abstract:
  In a series of papers in the late 1980s, Amartya Sen claimed that about
 100 million women were "missing," referring to the number of females who
 had died as a result of unequal access to resources in parts of the
 developing world. A subsequent debate has refined these estimates using
 different demographic techniques. In this paper, we review this debate,
 provide an update on the number of "missing women," and investigate the
 determinants of current trends in gender bias in mortality. We find that
 the number of "missing women" has increased in absolute terms, but fallen
 as a share of the number of women alive. There have been improvements for
 women's relative survival in most of South Asia and the Middle East, but
 deteriorations in China. Improving female education and employment
 opportunities has helped to reduce gender bias, while the increasing
 recourse to sex-selective abortions has worsened it. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 263-299 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Missing Women, Gender Inequality, Excess Female Mortality, Population, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077999 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077999 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:263-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vegard Iversen 
Author-X-Name-First: Vegard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iversen 
Title: INTRA-HOUSEHOLD INEQUALITY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE CAPABILITY APPROACH? 
Abstract:
  In this paper, the author examines the capability approach and how it
 applies in the context of individuals and families living together on
 unequal terms. The interpretations of agency, freedom, and choice in Sen's
 framework are analyzed from a feminist perspective, and the author
 suggests that these important concepts invite special attention in the
 presence of domestic power imbalances. Problems with the interpretations
 embedded in the capability approach are pinpointed and adjustments
 proposed. Drawing on the vast literature on household behavior in
 developing countries, the author argues that capabilities have a
 distinctly interdependent dimension. While the discussion of agency in the
 capability approach has been either normative or policy-oriented,
 exercises that seek to evaluate individual well-being should pay more
 attention to the existence of alternative types of power within the realm
 of the household. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-115 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Intra-household Inequality, Gender Relations And Power, Agency And Choice, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000080868 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000080868 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:93-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Engerman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Engerman 
Title: SLAVERY, FREEDOM, AND SEN 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom argues that the ability to make
 choices is fundamental to economic development, and that the evaluation of
 outcomes can provide misleading answers. He uses the example of the high
 material consumption of US slaves relative to some free whites to
 illustrate this contrast. This paper discusses some of the implications of
 such comparisons and the problem of evaluating what might be regarded as
 favorable outcomes which come from unfavorable institutions (e.g.,
 slavery). It appears that all good things do not necessarily go together.
 The past relation of enslavement to the need for subsistence is discussed.
 Differences in gender roles under slavery and after emancipation are also
 examined. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 185-211 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Slavery, Freedom, Emancipation, Subsistence, Females, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000078033 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000078033 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:185-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabienne Peter 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peter 
Title: GENDER AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL CHOICE: THE ROLE OF SITUATED AGENCY 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen defends a rich conception of social choice theory against
 tendencies to limit social choice theory to the formal investigation of
 rules of collective decision-making. His understanding of social choice
 theory makes the field a natural candidate for exploring gender issues in
 the evaluation of democratic policy. Not surprisingly, Sen has applied the
 insights he developed from his study of social choice to the evaluation of
 gender inequality, in particular to women's well-being in the context of
 the family. I focus on Sen's distinction between well-being and agency,
 and argue that from the perspective of women's movements and related
 social movements, the role of agency has so far been unduly neglected in
 social choice theory. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 13-32 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Social Choice Theory, Agency, Gender, Democracy, Participation, Liberal Paradox, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000078006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000078006 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:13-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns 
Title: SEN'S CAPABILITY APPROACH AND GENDER INEQUALITY: SELECTING RELEVANT CAPABILITIES 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates how Amartya Sen's capability approach can be
 applied to conceptualize and assess gender inequality in Western
 societies. I first argue against the endorsement of a definitive list of
 capabilities and instead defend a procedural approach to the selection of
 capabilities by proposing five criteria. This procedural account is then
 used to generate a list of capabilities for conceptualizing gender
 inequality in Western societies. A survey of empirical studies shows that
 women are worse off than men on some dimensions, better off on a few
 others, and similarly placed on yet others, while for some dimensions the
 evaluation is unclear. I then outline why, for group inequalities,
 inequalities in achieved functionings can be taken to reflect inequalities
 in capabilities, and how an overall evaluation could be arrived at by
 weighting the different capabilities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-92 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Capability Approach, Capability Lists, Gender Inequality, Well-being, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000078024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000078024 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:61-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr 
Title: THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: OPERATIONALIZING SEN'S IDEAS ON CAPABILITIES 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen's ideas constitute the core principles of a development
 approach that has evolved in the Human Development Reports. This approach
 is a "paradigm" based on the concept of well-being that can help define
 public policy, but does not embody a set of prescriptions. The current
 movement from an age of development planning to an age of globalization
 has meant an increasing attention to agency aspects of development. While
 earlier Human Development Reports emphasized measures such as the
 provision of public services, recent ones have focused more on people's
 political empowerment. This paper reflects on Sen's work in light of this
 shift in emphasis. Gender analysis has been central to the development of
 the new agency-driven paradigm, and gender equity is a core concern. A
 gender perspective has also helped highlight important aspects of this
 paradigm, such as the role of collective agency in promoting development. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 301-317 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Human Development, Capabilities, Human Rights, Gender, Democratic Governance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077980 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077980 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:301-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Austreberta Nazar Beutelspacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Austreberta Nazar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beutelspacher 
Author-Name: Emma Zapata Martelo 
Author-X-Name-First: Emma Zapata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martelo 
Author-Name: VerOnica Vazquez GarcIa 
Author-X-Name-First: VerOnica Vazquez 
Author-X-Name-Last: GarcIa 
Title: DOES CONTRACEPTION BENEFIT WOMEN? STRUCTURE, AGENCY, AND WELL-BEING IN RURAL MEXICO 
Abstract:
  The authors of this paper examine Amartya Sen's contributions to the
 concept of human well-being from a gender perspective and argue that this
 concept is particularly useful for explaining women's decisions on
 contraceptive use. The study draws on data collected in six rural
 communities of Chiapas, Mexico. It emphasizes the ways in which public
 discourse articulates the apparent benefits of having small families; the
 context of the household and community in which rural women make
 reproductive decisions; and the impact of family planning programs on
 women's sense of subjective well-being. In particular, it questions the
 assumption that reduced fertility through contraception necessarily
 enhances women's well-being and points to the importance that women attach
 to being a party to reproductive decisions. The authors also explore the
 links between women's assessment of these decisions and of paid work, and
 their actual education levels and real possibilities of employment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 213-238 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Well-being, Population Policies, Rural Women, Mexico, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077971 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077971 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:213-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bina Agarwal 
Author-X-Name-First: Bina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns 
Title: EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF AMARTYA SEN'S WORK AND IDEAS: AN INTRODUCTION 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-12 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570032000099039 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570032000099039 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:9:y:2003:i:2-3:p:3-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Hill 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill 
Title: DEVELOPMENT AS EMPOWERMENT 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen's capability approach to human welfare recognizes the impact
 of social institutions on human capabilities. But as an evaluative
 framework, it does not analyze the role of institutionalized power in
 causing or perpetuating inequalities in individual opportunities to
 achieve. Drawing on authors who are receptive to the capability approach
 and who have examined the political aspects of advancing human
 capabilities, this paper presents a view of social power and its exercise
 that is congruent with the capability approach. This examination of power
 continues the exploration of intergroup relationships that Sen has
 advocated, and it can be expected to yield new criteria for policy
 evaluation as well as new policy options. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 117-135 
Issue: 2-3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 2003 
Keywords: Welfare, Social Choice, Sen, Democratization, Power, Freedom, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000077962 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000077962 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: EDITORIAL: DEBATING VALUES 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000209585 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000209585 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Title: GLOBALIZATION, LABOR STANDARDS, AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS: DILEMMAS OF COLLECTIVE (IN)ACTION IN AN INTERDEPENDENT WORLD 
Abstract:
  This paper challenges the idea that a &#x201c;social clause&#x201d; to
 enforce global labor standards through international trade agreements
 serves the interests of women export workers in poor countries. Drawing on
 fieldwork in Bangladesh and empirical studies, the author argues that
 exploitative as these jobs appear to Western reformers, for many women
 workers in the South they represent genuine opportunities. Clearly, these
 women would wish to better their working conditions; yet having no social
 safety net, and knowing that jobs in the informal economy, their only
 alternative, offer far worse prospects, women cannot fight for better
 conditions. Moreover, global efforts to enforce labor standards through
 trade sanctions may lead to declining employment or to the transfer of
 jobs to the informal economy. Lacking measures that also address the
 conditions of workers in this informal economy, demands for &#x201c;the
 social clause&#x201d; will reinforce, and may exacerbate, social
 inequalities in the labor market. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Globalization, women workers, export garments, Bangladesh, labor standards, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000198227 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000198227 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Javier Martinez Peinado 
Author-X-Name-First: Javier Martinez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peinado 
Author-Name: Gemma Cairo Cespedes 
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma Cairo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cespedes 
Title: GENDER AND REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF SPAIN 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we present estimates of the Human Development Index and
 the Gender-Related Development Index in the Autonomous Communities of
 Spain. Our case study of Spain, a developed country with clear gender and
 regional differences, demonstrates the importance of adjusting human
 development indices in accordance with gender discrimination and regional
 inequalities. We also show the significance of the income component in
 assessing the development level of women in countries like Spain, where
 lack of employment or low remuneration are the chief characteristics of
 women's inequality. Our analysis makes clear that the Gender-Related Human
 Development Index has limited applicability in developed countries; it
 also illustrates the need for alternative variables or models to assess
 inequality in those countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Gender, human development, HDI, GDI, Spain, Autonomous Communities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000182954 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000182954 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shoba Arun 
Author-X-Name-First: Shoba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arun 
Author-Name: Thankom Arun 
Author-X-Name-First: Thankom 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arun 
Author-Name: Vani Borooah 
Author-X-Name-First: Vani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borooah 
Title: THE EFFECT OF CAREER BREAKS ON THE WORKING LIVES OF WOMEN 
Abstract:
  In this paper we examine the effect of career breaks on the working lives
 of women using survey data from the state of Queensland in Australia.
 After estimating the income penalty faced by women with career
 interruptions - according to the duration of, and reasons for, the
 interruptions - we seek to address a wider set of issues regarding:
 patterns of job change and income gains or losses related to job change;
 determinants of career re-entry plans; and satisfaction with hours worked.
 As women increasingly combine motherhood and employment, they face both
 penalties and costs, particularly if they have taken a career break in
 order to care for their young. This general labor market failure that
 penalizes motherhood should be addressed by relevant measures related to
 their income, working hours, and the type and status of employment,
 particularly on their re-entry into employment after a child-related
 career break. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 65-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Gender, labor market, career breaks, motherhood, income penalty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000198236 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000198236 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesca Bettio 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bettio 
Author-Name: Janneke Plantenga 
Author-X-Name-First: Janneke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Plantenga 
Title: COMPARING CARE REGIMES IN EUROPE 
Abstract:
  Throughout Europe, the family is still an important provider of care, but
 welfare state policies of individual countries may support and/or
 supplement the family in different ways, generating different social and
 economic outcomes. This article compares and categorizes care strategies
 for children and elderly persons in different member states of the
 European Union, while also taking into account the varied modalities for
 providing care, like leave arrangements, financial provisions, and social
 services. In EU countries, care regimes function as &#x201c;social
 joins&#x201d; ensuring complementarity between economic and demographic
 institutions and processes. As these processes and institutions change,
 they provide impetus for care regimes to change as well. However, because
 ideas and ideals about care are at the core of individual national
 identities, care regimes also act as independent incentive structures that
 impinge on patterns of women's labor market participation and fertility. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-113 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Families, Europe, social policy, childcare, elderly care, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000198245 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000198245 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:1:p:85-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jongsoog Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jongsoog 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Lydia Zepeda 
Author-X-Name-First: Lydia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zepeda 
Title: WHEN THE WORK IS NEVER DONE: TIME ALLOCATION IN US FAMILY FARM HOUSEHOLDS 
Abstract:
  In this paper we use a Nash-cooperative bargaining framework to examine
 how members of US family farm households allocate their time between work
 and leisure. Time allocation categories for parents include farm,
 off-farm, and household work, as well as leisure time; for children, the
 categories are farm work and leisure time. The analysis includes 227
 Wisconsin dairy farm households. Most notably, the results confirm that US
 women and children make significant labor contributions and that both
 women and men are decision-makers regarding their own and their children's
 time allocation. The results also show that intra-household time
 allocation on US farms is gender specific, and that the father's economic
 status has the largest impact on the time allocation of household members.
 The findings also confirm that children's labor makes an important
 economic contribution to the operation of their family farm. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-139 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Time allocation, household bargaining, household labor supply, child labor, farm household, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000198254 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000198254 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: THE DILEMMAS OF LONE MOTHERHOOD: KEY ISSUES FOR FEMINIST ECONOMICS 
Abstract:
  The acute dilemmas facing lone mothers in raising their children and
 earning a living form a common theme across the articles in this special
 issue of Feminist Economics on Lone Mothers. Like other parents, lone
 mothers face difficult decisions in allocating their time to caregiving
 and income generation, but in their families there is only one adult to do
 both. Further, that one adult is a woman, who will generally earn less
 than a man, compounding the difficulties. Lone mothers must rely on a
 range of support mechanisms (fathers, other family members, employers, and
 government policy) to manage; they can therefore rarely be economically
 independent. Policies that are ideologically reluctant to support
 unmarried mothers in their caregiving may divide unmarried mothers from
 other lone mothers, and lone mothers from other poor parents.
 Nevertheless, most lone mothers find creative strategies to manage that
 are as varied as lone mothers themselves. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-7 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Lone mothers, care work, labor markets, family policy, welfare state, work&#x200a;-&#x200a;life balance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217694 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217694 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: HOW MEN MATTER: HOUSEWORK AND SELF-PROVISIONING AMONG RURAL SINGLE-MOTHER AND MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES IN VERMONT, US 
Abstract:
  This paper compares married-couple households and single-mother
 households in the same rural area of the United States with respect to
 both housework and other efforts household members make to provide through
 their own labor goods and services they would otherwise have to purchase
 in the market. I argue that single mothers are disadvantaged in ways not
 fully captured with reference to income levels alone (on which the concept
 of the feminization of poverty usually depends). I also seek to study the
 strategies single mothers employ to ensure the completion of necessary
 tasks of housework and childcare, as well as those of home repair and
 self-provisioning. Finally, I examine some of the costs of these various
 strategies in order to create a fuller understanding of the lives of
 single mothers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 9-36 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Housework, self-provisioning, do-it-yourself, single mothers, rural, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217702 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217702 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Record McKinney 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith Record 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKinney 
Title: LONE MOTHERS IN RUSSIA: SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET POLICY 
Abstract:
  One would expect centrally planned socialist systems, designed to
 socialize the costs and benefits of childrearing, to be particularly
 supportive of lone mothers and the transition to a market economy in
 Russia therefore to have hurt lone mothers and their children more than
 other groups. While the evidence confirms that lone mothers are among the
 poorest groups in Russia today, I argue that their position at the bottom
 of the income distribution is not new and that it is the government's
 retreat since the mid-1980s from its commitment to women as workers,
 rather than to women as mothers, that has made their lives especially
 difficult. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-60 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Lone mothers, Russia, economic transition, family policies, social assistance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217711 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217711 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randi Kjeldstad 
Author-X-Name-First: Randi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kjeldstad 
Author-Name: Marit R&#xf8;nsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marit 
Author-X-Name-Last: R&#xf8;nsen 
Title: WELFARE RULES, BUSINESS CYCLES, AND EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS AMONG LONE PARENTS IN NORWAY 
Abstract:
  How lone parents combine work and welfare in earning a living has long
 inspired discussion. Yet little is known of their actual labor market
 attachment, either over calendar time or during individual lifetimes. In
 this article we address both issues, first by studying Norwegian Labor
 Force Surveys to illuminate the labor force participation of lone parents
 during the last two decades and by comparing the trends revealed with
 similar developments among married and cohabiting parents. Next, we
 analyze individual labor market transitions, using longitudinal data from
 administrative registers. The analyses demonstrate large differences in
 the labor market behaviors of single and nonsingle parents in Norway, even
 when controlling for differences in human capital and care
 responsibilities. Shifting labor demand and welfare reforms that
 prioritize paid work have both affected the employment of lone parents,
 but favorable economic conditions seem to have played a larger role than
 stringent social policies in increasing their employment activity. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Employment dynamics, unemployment, lone mothers, lone fathers, business cycles, welfare policies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217720 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217720 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Skevik 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skevik 
Title: FAMILY ECONOMY WORKERS OR CARING MOTHERS? MALE BREADWINNING AND WIDOWS' PENSIONS IN NORWAY AND THE UK 
Abstract:
  This article examines the position of lone mothers within the
 male-breadwinner model of family economies and asks why some
 male-breadwinner countries have shifted more than others from treating
 lone mothers mainly as &#x201c;mothers&#x201d; toward treating them as
 &#x201c;workers.&#x201d; The countries chosen for comparison are Norway
 and the United Kingdom. Using a historical design, the author suggests
 there are different forms of male-breadwinner ideology, which may be more
 or less resistant to change. Empirically, the article compares policies
 toward widowed lone mothers, arguing that this category provides the best
 lens for a historical study of constructions of women's work. The analysis
 shows that the logic underlying widows' benefits in the two countries has
 been different: the key argument in Norway has been that women made a
 valuable contribution to the family economy, while in the UK,
 policy-makers emphasized the mother's continued caring presence in the
 home. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-113 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Breadwinner models, unpaid work, care, lone motherhood, widows, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700420000217739 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700420000217739 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Giddings 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giddings 
Author-Name: Irene Dingeldey 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dingeldey 
Author-Name: Susan Ulbricht 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulbricht 
Title: THE COMMODIFICATION OF LONE MOTHERS' LABOR: A COMPARISON OF US AND GERMAN POLICIES 
Abstract:
  Drawing on G&#xf8;sta Esping-Andersen's concept of commodification of
 labor, as well as on its feminist critiques, this paper looks at policy
 effects on lone mothers in the US and in Germany. With increasing labor
 market participation rates among lone mothers in the US following welfare
 reform and in Germany following unification, the authors conclude that the
 changes derive from different policies and incentive structures related to
 the state of commodification of labor in each country. In the former East
 Germany, the policy regime of generous childcare benefits enabled the
 commodification of women's labor, while in West Germany, the established
 policy regime was dominated by a strong, voluntary commodification of
 women's labor, particularly that of lone mothers. In contrast, US policy
 has been characterized by its greater degree of precommodification of
 women's labor, which was followed, after the welfare reform of 1996, by
 the enforced commodification of women's labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-142 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Lone mothers, commodification, US, Germany, labor market policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217748 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217748 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:115-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Christopher 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christopher 
Title: WELFARE AS WE [DON'T] KNOW IT: A REVIEW AND FEMINIST CRITIQUE OF WELFARE REFORM RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES 
Abstract:
  Reform of the United States welfare system in 1996 drastically changed
 welfare receipt for low-income lone mothers. This paper explores the
 effects of these changes on lone mothers by summarizing empirical work on
 caseload reduction, labor force participation, income, poverty, material
 hardship, and family formation. While it appears that the economic status
 of many lone mothers improved during the economic expansion in the late
 1990s, many lone mothers continued to experience poverty and material
 hardship. Building on the work of feminist scholars from both the US and
 other countries, this paper goes on to critique mainstream research on
 welfare reform. It identifies a particularly feminist approach to welfare
 reform research, stresses its advantages over mainstream research, and
 speculates about why there is comparatively less feminist research to
 date. The paper concludes by calling for more structural analyses of
 poverty and of lone motherhood itself. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 143-171 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Welfare reform, lone mothers, feminist research, women's employment, poverty, race, class, gender, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/135457004200217757 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457004200217757 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kanchana Ruwanpura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kanchana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruwanpura 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: MUNDANE HEROINES: CONFLICT, ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND FEMALE HEADSHIP IN EASTERN SRI LANKA 
Abstract:
  For the last twenty years, eastern Sri Lanka has witnessed a bitter and
 bloody civil conflict. This paper explores the experience of female-headed
 households in the region. Only partially the product of war, such
 households cannot be bundled together as a social problem with a single
 solution. Our study endorses the feminist suspicion of falsely
 homogenizing accounts of women's lives and suggests instead an alternative
 emphasis on the many ways in which gendered relations of dominance and
 subordination are maintained. With its co-existing Muslim, Tamil, and
 Sinhala groups, eastern Sri Lanka facilitates the exploration of ethnicity
 as a source of variation. The households included in this study share a
 common structure and face the same economic problems, yet ethnic
 differences divide them. The paper charts the problems, strategies, and
 partial triumphs of these lone mothers and proposes policies to help them
 in their mundane but heroic struggle. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 173-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Female headship, gender, ethnicity, eastern Sri Lanka, conflict, kinship and community, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217766 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217766 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:173-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shireen Kanji 
Author-X-Name-First: Shireen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanji 
Title: THE ROUTE MATTERS: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY AMONG LONE-MOTHER HOUSEHOLDS IN RUSSIA 
Abstract:
  Using the case of Russia, this paper takes issue with the stereotype of
 lone mothers as the poorest women in society, with the most disadvantaged
 children. Analysis of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey suggests
 there is enormous diversity in the material circumstances and livelihoods
 of lone mothers. Complementing the diversity of lone mothers' experiences
 is the finding that women who live with male partners, but who are
 responsible economically for their households, face problems much like
 those of lone mothers. The structural inequities that result from
 combining paid labor with unpaid care and childrearing have particularly
 adverse consequences for lone mothers and for women who bear the brunt of
 maintaining their households. While this analysis emphasizes the different
 aspects of the falsely homogenizing category &#x201c;lone mother,&#x201d;
 it also recognizes the structural disadvantages shared by lone mothers and
 other women in Russia today. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 207-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Lone mothers, child poverty, inequality, family policies, working time, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217775 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217775 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:207-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: June Lapidus 
Author-X-Name-First: June 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lapidus 
Title: ALL THE LESBIAN MOTHERS ARE COUPLED, ALL THE SINGLE MOTHERS ARE STRAIGHT, AND ALL OF US ARE TIRED: REFLECTIONS ON BEING A SINGLE LESBIAN MOM 
Abstract:
  Amidst increasing numbers of gays and lesbians having children, political
 opposition to gay marriage, and government efforts to discourage
 female-headed households by funding marriage initiatives, the author
 reflects on her life as a single lesbian mom. Following in the feminist
 tradition of using personal experiences as a starting point, the article
 looks at the social space between single heterosexual moms and lesbian
 mother couples. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 227-236 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Single parenting, lesbian and gay parents, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217784 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217784 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:227-236




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit 
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Author-Name: Kate Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Author-Name: the Women's Committee of One Hundred 
Author-X-Name-First: the Women's Committee of One 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hundred 
Author-Name: Charlotte Koren 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koren 
Title: Lone Mothers: What is to be done? 
Abstract:
  This Dialogue presents the views of four authors, from the US, the UK,
 and Norway, on the best policies to help lone mothers. Lone mothers face
 an inevitable dilemma in allocating their time between earning income and
 caring for their children. The low-earning capacity of women in an unequal
 labor market exacerbates the problem, causing material hardship for many
 lone mothers and their families. The policy solutions proposed lie along a
 spectrum, ranging from those that seek to enable all lone mothers to take
 employment to those that aim to let mothers choose whether to take
 employment or care for their children themselves. Other policies discussed
 concern ways to value and support caregiving, improve the low-wage labor
 market for women, and provide a set of income supports that would both
 boost income and provide time to care for children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 237-264 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Lone mothers, care work, poverty, work&#x200a;-&#x200a;life balance, family policy, welfare state, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000217793 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000217793 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:237-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Author-Name: Xiao-Yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Author-Name: Gail Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gail 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: A Special Issue on Gender, China, and the World Trade Organization 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 269-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000226559 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000226559 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:269-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: EDITORIAL: FEMINIST ECONOMICS &#x2014; IT FLOURISHES 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000315154 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000315154 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Title: SOCIAL PROVISIONING AS A STARTING POINT FOR FEMINIST ECONOMICS 
Abstract:
  The past decade has seen a proliferation of writing by feminist
 economists. Feminist economists are not identified with one particular
 economic paradigm, yet some common methodological points seem to be
 emerging. I propose making these starting points more explicit so that
 they can be examined, critiqued, and built upon. I use the term
 &#x201c;social provisioning&#x201d; to describe this emerging methodology.
 Its five main components are: incorporation of caring and unpaid labor as
 fundamental economic activities; use of well-being as a measure of
 economic success; analysis of economic, political, and social processes
 and power relations; inclusion of ethical goals and values as an intrinsic
 part of the analysis; and interrogation of differences by class,
 race-ethnicity, and other factors. The paper then provides brief
 illustrations of the use of this methodology in analyses of US welfare
 reform, gender and development, and feminist ecological economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Social provisioning, feminist political economics, feminist methodology, welfare reform, gender and development, feminist ecological economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000267608 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000267608 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:3-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Ettlinger 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ettlinger 
Title: TOWARD A CRITICAL THEORY OF UNTIDY GEOGRAPHIES: THE SPATIALITY OF EMOTIONS IN CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION 
Abstract:
  This paper offers a non-essentialist, normative view of the spatiality of
 emotions in consumption and production, underscoring issues of difference
 in everyday life. As people interweave thoughts and feelings across
 spheres of life, over time, economic and noneconomic logics become
 blurred, leading to multiple, often conflicting sentiments. Cognitive
 dissonance is not necessarily resolved and manifests in incoherent
 consumer practices. Understanding individuals' often covert
 disarticulation from communities can help proactively uncover avenues for
 expressing agency within structures of constraint. The geographies of
 multiple logics also clarify behavior in production regarding thoughts and
 feelings emanating from outside the workplace. Managers can use this
 knowledge to achieve competitiveness by accommodating workers' needs and
 nurturing collaboration, tapping overlapping social networks across time
 and space. Thinking normatively about the spatiality of emotions requires
 analytical fluidity to relate context-specific and mobile, mutable
 processes. The process-oriented framework developed here is intended to
 complement, not replace, pattern-oriented analysis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 21-54 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Critical theory, non-essentialism, spatiality, emotions, epistemology, normative thought, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000267617 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000267617 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:21-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin Danby 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Danby 
Title: TOWARD A GENDERED POST KEYNESIANISM: SUBJECTIVITY AND TIME IN A NONMODERNIST FRAMEWORK 
Abstract:
  The heterodox &#x201c;Post Keynesian&#x201d; school, which emphasizes
 fundamental uncertainty and the time structure of economic activity,
 overlaps feminist economics in its treatment of subjectivity and its
 understanding of the relation between micro and macro phenomena. Why,
 then, is the intersection of the two fields in the published literature so
 small? This paper argues that Post Keynesians have adopted a number of
 additional institutional assumptions that have the effect of excluding
 gender from their analytical frame. These assumptions can be jettisoned
 without impairing fundamental Post Keynesian analytics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Agency, feminist economics, methodology, Post Keynesian theory, subjectivity, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000267626 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000267626 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:55-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen 
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen 
Title: CAPABILITIES, LISTS, AND PUBLIC REASON: CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION 
Abstract:
  Amartya Sen addresses the question why he is disinclined to provide a
 fixed list of capabilities to go with his general capability approach.
 Capability assessment can be used for different purposes (varying from
 poverty evaluation to the assessment of human rights or of human
 development), and public reasoning and discussion are necessary for
 selecting relevant capabilities and weighing them against each other in
 each context. It would be a mistake to build a mausoleum for a
 &#x201c;fixed and final&#x201d; list of capabilities usable for every
 purpose and unaffected by the progress of understanding of the social role
 and importance of different capabilities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-80 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Capability approach, capability lists, democracy, evaluation, public reasoning, Amartya Sen, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000315163 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000315163 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:77-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Author-Name: Edith Kuiper 
Author-X-Name-First: Edith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuiper 
Author-Name: Agnieszka Majcher 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majcher 
Author-Name: Krisztina Majoros 
Author-X-Name-First: Krisztina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majoros 
Author-Name: Andrea Pet&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pet&#x151; 
Title: INTRODUCTION / FEMINISM AND ECONOMIC INQUIRY IN COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST POLAND / A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WOMEN IN HUNGARIAN AND EUROPEAN ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS / FEMINISMS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITH A STATIST FEMINIST HERITAGE: NETWORKS AND STRATEGIES 
Abstract:
  This Explorations investigates the current status of the research done on
 women's economic position in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), focusing on
 the current treatment of feminism in these countries. Agnieszka Majcher
 discusses feminist economic inquiry and the position of women in higher
 education in Poland. Krisztina Majoros focuses on the progress and
 problems of women in higher education and research institutions in Hungary
 and compares these to other EU countries. Finally, Andrea Pet&#x151;
 reports on the legacy of what has been termed &#x201c;statist
 feminism&#x201d; and explores various strategies to strengthen feminist
 economic research in CEE countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-118 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 2004 
Keywords: Status of women, feminism, higher education, Central and Eastern Europe, feminist economic research, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000267635 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000267635 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:10:y:2004:i:3:p:81-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen 
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen 
Title: MARY, MARY, QUITE CONTRARY! 
Abstract:
  It is argued here that Mary Wollstonecraft's pioneering contributions to
 the social sciences in general and to feminist studies in particular
 deserve fuller recognition. Her critiques of the leading conventional
 philosophers of her time, such as Edmund Burke, bring out the distinctive
 nature of her approach, in which the deprivation of women is linked with
 other social deprivations, and the roots of social progress are seen not
 only in legislatitive change but through societal processes involving the
 expansion and enrichment of basic education and more public engagement on
 issues of inequality and neglect. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-9 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Mary Wollstonecraft, human rights, feminism, economics, social values, Amartya Sen, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332551 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332551 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:1:p:1-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elaine McCrate 
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCrate 
Title: FLEXIBLE HOURS, WORKPLACE AUTHORITY, AND COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN THE US 
Abstract:
  The theory of compensating differentials suggests that workers with
 flexible schedules will earn less than other workers. Some authors have
 also contended that the concentration of women in jobs with flexible hours
 explains a significant part of the gender pay gap. This paper uses data
 from the US subset of the Comparative Project in Class Analysis to test
 these hypotheses. These data first indicate that, contrary to popular
 wisdom, women workers do not have more flexible schedules than men.
 Second, the really striking differential is by race: black workers have
 much more rigid schedules than white workers. Third, workers with more
 authority at the workplace typically have more flexibility than
 subordinate workers. Finally, the data show that any compensating
 differentials for flexible hours are small and are offset by returns to
 workplace authority. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 11-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Flexibility, work schedules, compensating differentials, gender pay gap, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332588 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332588 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith 
Author-Name: Lindy Ingham 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingham 
Title: MOTHERS' MILK AND MEASURES OF ECONOMIC OUTPUT 
Abstract:
  Thoughtful economists have long been aware of the limitations of national
 accounting and GDP in measuring economic activity and material well-being.
 Feminist economists criticize the failure to count women's unpaid and
 reproductive work in measures of economic production. This paper examines
 the treatment of human milk production in national accounting guidelines.
 Human milk is an important resource produced by women. Significant
 maternal and child health costs result from children's premature weaning
 onto formula or solid food. While human milk production meets the standard
 national accounting criteria for inclusion in GDP, current practice is to
 ignore its significant economic value and the substantial private and
 public health costs of commercial breastmilk substitutes. Economic output
 measures such as GDP thus are incomplete and biased estimates of national
 food production and overall economic output, and they distort policy
 priorities to the disadvantage of women and children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 41-62 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Breastfeeding, national accounts, health, food supply and demand analysis, childcare, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332605 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332605 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha MacDonald 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacDonald 
Author-Name: Shelley Phipps 
Author-X-Name-First: Shelley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phipps 
Author-Name: Lynn Lethbridge 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lethbridge 
Title: TAKING ITS TOLL: THE INFLUENCE OF PAID AND UNPAID WORK ON WOMEN'S WELL-BEING 
Abstract:
  This paper examines gender differences in the impact of paid and unpaid
 productive activities on well-being. Using recent Canadian data, we
 examine the time spent by prime-age women and men (25&#x200a;-&#x200a;54)
 on paid work, childcare, eldercare, household work, volunteering, and
 education, and then assess its impact on stress and work-life balance.
 Using multivariate analyses, we show that women's greater hours of unpaid
 work contribute to women experiencing more stress than men, and of that
 work, hours spent on eldercare and housework are more stressful than those
 spent on childcare. We also examine the influence of job characteristics
 and spouses' paid and unpaid work time on stress. Neither spouse's unpaid
 work nor most job characteristics alleviate stress, once work hours are
 controlled. However, the evidence suggests that women, more so than men,
 use strategies such as self-employment to improve work-life balance. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Stress, work-life balance, unpaid work, women's health, caregiving, intra-household inequality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332597 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:1:p:63-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Ballard 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballard 
Author-Name: Marianne Johnson 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson 
Title: GENDER, EXPECTATIONS, AND GRADES IN INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS AT A US UNIVERSITY 
Abstract:
  Previous studies have documented a gender gap in the study of economics
 in Canada, the UK, and the US. One important factor may be women's low
 expectations about their ability to succeed in economics courses. Women in
 our sample expect to do less well than men in an introductory
 microeconomics course, even after controlling for variables relating to
 family background, academic experience, and mathematics experience. These
 expectations are partly self-fulfilling, since expected grades have an
 important and positive effect on class performance. We also find that
 having taken an economics course in secondary school actually has a
 negative effect on performance. We observe this negative effect for women
 and men, but it is more pronounced for women. When we control for both
 expectations and secondary-school experience with economics, the
 independent effect of gender is small and insignificant. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 95-122 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Gender, expectations, grades, introductory microeconomics, US, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332560 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332560 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:1:p:95-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evelyn Forget 
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forget 
Author-Name: Raisa Deber 
Author-X-Name-First: Raisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deber 
Author-Name: Leslie Roos 
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roos 
Author-Name: Randy Walld 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walld 
Title: CANADIAN HEALTH REFORM: A GENDER ANALYSIS 
Abstract:
  We analyze the gender impact of the current Canadian system of
 first-dollar health insurance by examining the use of physicians' services
 and acute-care hospital services in the Canadian province of Manitoba from
 April 1, 1997, to March 31, 1999. First, we describe the use by age and
 sex of healthcare resources offered with universal access at no cost to
 individuals. Second, we argue that women have a particular interest in
 maintaining single-payer insurance, because women are moderately high
 users of healthcare resources, while men tend to be low or catastrophic
 users who would be shielded from the full force of market-oriented
 reforms. Third, we attempt to refocus the debate about the gender
 implications of market-oriented health reform by noting that medicare
 transfers resources to women of reproductive age from the rest of society,
 a form of social wage paid as in-kind compensation to women for nonpaid
 reproductive labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 123-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Health and administration data, women's health, healthcare costs, population health, single-payer, social wage, first-dollar coverage, Canada, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000332579 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570042000332579 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:1:p:123-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Lois Shaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Lois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw 
Author-Name: Agneta Stark 
Author-X-Name-First: Agneta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stark 
Title: INTRODUCTION: GENDER AND AGING 
Abstract:
  This volume focuses on gendered differences in the economic resources of
 the elderly and the individuals charged with meeting the day-to-day care
 needs of the elderly. Often the burden of care falls on women, who
 themselves have less access to care as they age. The introduction gives an
 overview of the public policy initiatives, social insurance and welfare
 programs, and family provisions for care that are thoroughly examined in
 the following contributions. The volume highlights both cross-national
 contrasts and common challenges to meeting the economic and care needs of
 the growing elderly population. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Caregiving, eldercare, poverty, public policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115803 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115803 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agneta Stark 
Author-X-Name-First: Agneta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stark 
Title: WARM HANDS IN COLD AGE &#x2014; ON THE NEED OF A NEW WORLD ORDER OF CARE 
Abstract:
  The world is aging as fertility and mortality are both decreasing. This
 article focuses on practical care work for the elderly. Such work is done
 primarily by women even though a larger portion than previously is paid
 rather than unpaid. All over the world, most elderly care work is
 organized within the family, most often unpaid. Men receive more care from
 partners than women, while women receive more care from female relatives.
 When care work is paid, the payment is generally low. A comparison between
 Germany, Spain, and Sweden demonstrates similar gender patterns, even
 though the role of the state in supporting care differs considerably as do
 care workers' conditions. The sustainability of today's distribution and
 organization of care work is questioned as the need for care increases,
 and the possibility of more equal sharing of care work between women and
 men is explored. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 7-36 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Elder care work, unpaid work, care insurance, Germany, Spain, Sweden, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115811 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115811 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:7-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Eaton 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eaton 
Title: ELDERCARE IN THE UNITED STATES: INADEQUATE, INEQUITABLE, BUT NOT A LOST CAUSE 
Abstract:
  Eldercare, like other forms of care work, is often taken for granted and
 undervalued. The burdens as well as the failures of providing care for the
 elderly are often borne disproportionately by women. This paper documents
 inequality of access and low quality of care for the elderly in the United
 States. It argues that public funds used to subsidize nursing homes are
 poorly spent and that profit-maximizing competition in the nursing home
 industry adversely affects the quality of care provided. In seeking to
 address these problems, policy-makers can learn important lessons from
 several different sources. The experiences of several European countries,
 current regulatory efforts in the state of Massachusetts, and more
 decentralized volunteer efforts to promote humane visions of eldercare all
 offer some hope for the future. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-51 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Eldercare, care work, nursing homes, long-term care, public policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115845 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115845 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:37-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Olmsted 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted 
Title: GENDER, AGING, AND THE EVOLVING ARAB PATRIARCHAL CONTRACT 
Abstract:
  Within Arab societies, a strong patriarchal contract has given elderly
 women a claim to economic resources, power within the household and
 community, and access to the public sphere. But in most communities, few
 alternatives to the patriarchal contract exist, placing women in a
 vulnerable situation. In the absence of strong state-sponsored social
 safety nets, elderly women without male kin or whose kin do not or cannot
 fulfill this contract are vulnerable to poverty and neglect. Using
 secondary data sources and previous studies, I describe the factors
 contributing to the patriarchal contract in the Arab world and the general
 conditions facing the elderly. Drawing on earlier field work, I then
 discuss in more detail how the Palestinian elderly are faring,
 particularly in light of recent Israeli policies. Finally, I argue that
 Arab cultures and economies are in transition, which raises questions
 about how future cohorts of elderly women will fare. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-78 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Arab, elderly, gender, Palestinian, patriarchal contract, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115860 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115860 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:53-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson 
Author-X-Name-First: Therese 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson 
Author-Name: Alison Preston 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston 
Title: AUSTRALIA'S "OTHER" GENDER WAGE GAP: BABY BOOMERS AND COMPULSORY SUPERANNUATION ACCOUNTS 
Abstract:
  Government budgetary pressures and demographic trends have made
 retirement income policy a priority in developed economies. One option for
 policy reform is to increase private saving. In Australia, legislation
 requiring compulsory employer payments for the purposes of retirement
 savings addresses this option. This system poses particular difficulties
 for women who have broken patterns of paid employment and relatively low
 wages. When simulations that project likely employment participation and
 retirement outcomes incorporate a gendered approach and focus on the
 &#x201c;baby boomer&#x201d; cohort, the results highlight the low
 probability that women will accumulate adequate independent private
 retirement income. Over their lifetimes, Australian women baby boomers
 will spend around 35 percent less time in paid employment than their male
 counterparts. The projected average gender gap in compulsory accumulations
 is of a similarly large magnitude. The results emphasize the continuing
 need for publicly financed redistribution schemes, such as the Australian
 age pension. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-101 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Gender, pensions, retirement, superannuation, wage gap, aging, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115902 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115902 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:79-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justine Burns 
Author-X-Name-First: Justine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burns 
Author-Name: Malcolm Keswell 
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keswell 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Title: SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, GENDER, AND THE AGED IN SOUTH AFRICA 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews the history of the noncontributory social pension in
 South Africa, as well as recent work on the distributional and
 poverty-alleviating effects of this program. The pension has a strong
 gender dimension, reaching three times as many women as men, and has an
 unambiguous impact on reducing household poverty, particularly among Black
 South African households. The existing literature also suggests that the
 pension reaches unintended beneficiaries within households and that
 strongly gender-differentiated patterns emerge both in the sharing of
 pension incomes by pensioners and in the behavioral responses of other
 household members to pension receipt. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-115 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Social pensions, welfare and poverty, income pooling, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115944 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115944 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:103-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carole Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Carole 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Title: RACE, ETHNICITY, AND SOCIAL SECURITY RETIREMENT AGE IN THE US 
Abstract:
  This study uses the AHEAD survey to examine the effects of increasing the
 Social Security retirement age in the United States by modeling the labor
 force participation decisions of men and women over the age of 65.
 Separate probit analyses by gender with interaction terms indicate that
 race/ethnicity is only marginally important in these decisions after
 controlling for key factors such as health, physical and mental
 disabilities, education, and nonlabor income. However, detailed
 examination reveals highly significant differences by race and ethnicity
 in all of these critical factors, as well as in the distribution of
 previous occupations. Although elderly blacks and Hispanics have greater
 financial need than whites, they have significantly less ability to
 continue working for pay. Thus, seemingly race- and ethnicity-neutral
 policies such as increasing the full Social Security retirement age may
 have disproportionate negative effects on elderly members of minority
 groups in the US. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 117-143 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: AHEAD, retirement, race, ethnicity, gender, labor force participation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115969 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115969 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:117-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Madonna Harrington Meyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Madonna Harrington 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer 
Author-Name: Douglas Wolf 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolf 
Author-Name: Christine Himes 
Author-X-Name-First: Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Himes 
Title: LINKING BENEFITS TO MARITAL STATUS: RACE AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE US 
Abstract:
  In the US, marital status is more important than work history in
 determining economic security for many older women. Two-thirds of older
 women in the US receive spouse or widow Social Security benefits. These
 benefits generally require recipients to be currently married or to have
 had a ten-year marriage. Declining marriage rates, coupled with shorter
 marriages, dramatically change the distributional impact of these benefits
 on each cohort as they become eligible for Social Security. This paper
 uses June 1985, 1990, and 1995 CPS supplemental data to trace the decline
 in marital rates for women from five birth cohorts. We find that the
 proportion of persons who will be eligible as spouses or widows is
 decreasing modestly for whites and Hispanics, but dramatically for African
 Americans. This growing race gap in marital rates suggests that older
 black women will be particularly unlikely to qualify for these benefits. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Social Security, gender, race, marital status, economic security, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115977 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115977 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:145-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agneta Stark 
Author-X-Name-First: Agneta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stark 
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Lois Shaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Lois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw 
Author-Name: Timothy Smeeding 
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smeeding 
Author-Name: Susanna Sandstrom 
Author-X-Name-First: Susanna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandstrom 
Author-Name: Lois Shaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Lois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw 
Author-Name: Sunhwa Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sunhwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Kyunghee Chung 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyunghee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chung 
Title: POVERTY AND INCOME MAINTENANCE IN OLD AGE: A CROSS-NATIONAL VIEW OF LOW INCOME OLDER WOMEN / GROWING OLD IN THE US: GENDER AND INCOME ADEQUACY / GENDER AND AGING IN SOUTH KOREA 
Abstract:
  The contributions in this Explorations section reveal differences across
 countries in the support systems of the elderly and shows that poverty
 among the elderly has not been eliminated, even in rich countries. Social
 insurance systems with an adequate minimum benefit do the best job of
 avoiding poverty among elderly women. Poverty rates among older women are
 much higher than for older men and much higher in the US compared to other
 nations in the Luxembourg Income Study. Most nonmarried elderly women in
 the US live alone and are heavily dependent on Social Security, while in
 the Republic of Korea the majority of elderly women live with children.
 Families provide most of the support for elderly in the Republic of Korea,
 including financial support and daily care when needed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-197 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Poverty, income maintenance, cross-national, social insurance, Social Security, pensions, retirement, income adequacy, gender differences, living arrangements, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500115985 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500115985 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:163-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jill Rubery 
Author-X-Name-First: Jill 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubery 
Title: REFLECTIONS ON GENDER MAINSTREAMING: AN EXAMPLE OF FEMINIST ECONOMICS IN ACTION? 
Abstract:
  This article reviews the experience of gender mainstreaming within the
 European Employment Strategy - an experience that merits evaluation not
 only for what it has and has not done for fostering equal opportunities in
 Europe, but also for the implicit lessons it provides in applying feminist
 economics in practice. The experience has been mixed: though the argument
 that increasing women's employment is critical to the achievement of
 Europe's aspirations for a higher employment rate has been widely
 accepted, there is a much weaker and more fragile commitment to improving
 the quality of work available to women. In part, this limited impact
 reflects the continuing gender blindness of most employment policy
 analysis and development; there is a clear need for continued parallel
 development of feminist theory and analysis and more practical experiments
 in integrating a gender perspective into policy programs. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-26 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Gender mainstreaming, European Union, employment policy, JEL Codes: J160, J200, B500, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500300876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500300876 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:1-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nathalie Holvoet 
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holvoet 
Title: CREDIT AND WOMEN'S GROUP MEMBERSHIP IN SOUTH INDIA: TESTING MODELS OF INTRAHOUSEHOLD ALLOCATIVE BEHAVIOR 
Abstract:
  This article uses empirical data from the author's own South India
 household survey, which compares the impact of slightly diverging credit
 schemes upon selected indicators of allocative behavior to test the value
 added of an economic institutional approach for modeling intrahousehold
 allocation. It is argued that the income-pooling test and conventional
 neoclassical household models inadequately picture what happens within
 households as they start from the premise that behavior is built solely
 upon free agency. An alternative economic institutional approach is
 proposed and an expanded test framework is set out. Empirical research
 findings show that unveiling decision-making processes may indicate why
 individuals act as if they hold common preferences. The article suggests
 that changes in selected allocative outcomes occur mainly as a result of
 changes in underlying allocative processes and further demonstrates that
 membership in women's groups is one effective way of changing
 intrahousehold decision-making processes and outcomes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-62 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Gender, credit, intrahousehold allocation, health, India, Asia, JEL Codes: D130, B520, O150, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500301072 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500301072 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:27-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paula Kantor 
Author-X-Name-First: Paula 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kantor 
Title: DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN'S MICROENTERPRISE SUCCESS IN AHMEDABAD, INDIA: EMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMICS 
Abstract:
  Microenterprise success is often evaluated solely in terms of economic
 outcomes. These evaluations do not recognize how opportunities for success
 may differ across groups and contexts, and disregard the importance of
 power and control as factors in success. This article investigates the
 determinants of a two-dimensional concept of microenterprise success for
 women in Ahmedabad, India, by analyzing data from a 1998 study of
 home-based garment producers. Growing economic success for these garment
 producers decreased empowerment outcomes, which suggests that evaluating
 both economic and empowerment outcomes and their interactions is important
 to understanding the process of achieving success. Improving the economic
 outcomes of women's enterprises via better training and access to markets,
 credit, and capital equipment does not necessarily facilitate women's
 empowerment. Microenterprise scholars and practitioners must focus on
 improving women's status within their homes, so they may contribute to and
 benefit from the decisions made about how to use their resources. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-83 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Microenterprise development, gender, empowerment, South Asia, India, JEL Keywords: O17, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500301163 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500301163 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:63-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: THE CITATION IMPACT OF FEMINIST ECONOMICS 
Abstract:
  Feminist economics is a transformative project. However, transformation
 generates resistance. Feminist economics can be deliberately excluded,
 co-opted through an uncritical application of rational choice theory, or
 ignored. And feminist economics can be listened to: when the United
 Nations consults feminist economists; when feminist economists publish in
 widely read journals; when a student finds inspiration in a Feminist
 Economics article. All of these are ways feminist economics can, and has,
 influenced the profession. After ten years of discourse, it is possible to
 take stock and assess the impact of feminist economics. This article
 provides a partial assessment through a consideration of citations of the
 journal Feminist Economics, describing its impact on mainstream economics,
 heterodox economics, and other disciplines. While the overall project of
 feminist economics encompasses much more than just one journal, studying
 the citations for Feminist Economics is a first step toward assessing the
 influence of the entire corpus. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-106 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Feminist economics, methodology, gender, interdisciplinary, citations, JEL Codes: B4, B5, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500301312 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500301312 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:85-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellie Perkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perkins 
Author-Name: Edith Kuiper 
Author-X-Name-First: Edith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuiper 
Author-Name: Rayen Quiroga-Martinez 
Author-X-Name-First: Rayen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quiroga-Martinez 
Author-Name: Terisa Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Terisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Author-Name: Leigh Brownhill 
Author-X-Name-First: Leigh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brownhill 
Author-Name: Mary Mellor 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mellor 
Author-Name: Zdravka Todorova 
Author-X-Name-First: Zdravka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Todorova 
Author-Name: Maren Jochimsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jochimsen 
Author-Name: Martha McMahon 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: McMahon 
Title: INTRODUCTION: EXPLORING FEMINIST ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS / GENDER, DEVELOPMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY FROM A LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE / AFRICAN PEASANTS AND GLOBAL GENDERED CLASS STRUGGLE FOR THE COMMONS / ECOFEMINIST POLITICAL ECONOMY: INTEGRATING FEMINIST ECONOMICS AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS / HABITS OF THOUGHT, AGENCY, AND TRANSFORMATION: AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TO FEMINIST ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS / THE NETWORK VORSORGENDES WIRTSCHAFTEN / ENGENDERING ORGANIC FARMING 
Abstract:
  These Explorations argue that more links between the fields of feminist
 ecology and feminist economics are both needed and promising, and presents
 new, boundary-crossing research in this area. It brings together
 contributions from various regions in the world that link political action
 and experience in practice and research in an economic theorizing that
 includes both environmental and feminist concerns. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 107-150 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Ecology, women, nature, globalization, feminist economic theory, agriculture, JEL codes: A1, B5, O1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500301494 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500301494 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:107-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash 
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash 
Title: SEN ON FREEDOM AND GENDER JUSTICE 
Abstract:
  This comment on the special double issue of Feminist Economics on Amartya
 Sen's work discusses a number of themes and evaluates certain criticisms
 and claims in the volume. Sen's work involves a complex differentiation of
 distinct aspects of freedom. This differentiation is relevant to a number
 of criticisms. It is particularly helpful in evaluating various claims
 about Sen's focus on and the adequacy of his account of freedom. The
 article also considers claims about Sen's neglect of issues relating to
 interdependence and agency. To the degree that it is argued that some of
 these claims and criticisms can be addressed within Sen's conceptual
 framework, this article constitutes a qualified defense of his work.
 However, it does not claim that Sen's framework addresses all the
 criticisms that are leveled at it in the volume. Possible themes for
 future research are also briefly discussed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-166 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, freedom, capability approach, social choice, interdependence, capability lists, JEL Codes: D63, I3, I31, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500301551 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500301551 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:151-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Conrad 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conrad 
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Title: CALL FOR PAPERS 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 235-236 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500356787 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500356787 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:11:y:2005:i:3:p:235-236




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere 
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Title: THE GENDER ASSET GAP: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHY DOES IT MATTER? 
Abstract:
  Is there a gender asset gap? This article examines the evidence available
 on the distribution of wealth by gender around the world and asks why we
 do not know more. One of the contributions of feminist economics has been
 to demonstrate that household and individual welfare are not necessarily
 the same. However, relatively little work has been done that disaggregates
 the ownership of assets within the household to determine how asset
 distribution affects the gendered pattern of wealth ownership overall or
 how it impacts household decisions and women's well-being. As an initial
 step in this project, a number of factors are examined that affect women's
 ability to accumulate wealth, with emphasis on marital and inheritance
 regimes. Finally, the myriad ways in which the gender distribution of
 wealth is important are discussed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-50 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Wealth, assets, gender inequality, marital regimes, inheritance, intrahousehold bargaining, JEL Codes: J16, D31, P48, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508056 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508056 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:1-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Beth Combs 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Beth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Combs 
Title: CUI BONO? THE 1870 BRITISH MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY ACT, BARGAINING POWER, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES WITHIN MARRIAGE 
Abstract:
  The 1870 Married Women's Property Act created major change in
 nineteenth-century British property law. Until the passage of the Act, a
 husband had legal ownership over his wife's personal property and
 managerial rights over her real property. The Act granted British women
 the right to own and control personal property and therefore serves as a
 natural experiment to test the impact of a legislative change on the
 distribution of household resources. The article examines whether the Act
 enabled women to gain a larger share of household resources and alter the
 distribution of resources within the household. The results indicate that
 the rights granted to women by the Act dramatically increased the
 bargaining power and property of wives: wives married after the Act owned
 a larger share of total household property and invested less of their own
 income and more of their husband's in forms of property they owned and
 controlled. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 51-83 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Economics of the family, British women's property rights, bargaining power, intrahousehold resource distribution, JEL Codes: N13, D13, K11, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508262 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508262 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:51-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Yohn 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yohn 
Title: CRIPPLED CAPITALISTS: THE INSCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE AND THE CHALLENGE OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA 
Abstract:
  This article examines how women's efforts at capital accumulation and
 wealth production in late nineteenth-century United States were shaped and
 channeled by gender stereotypes. These stereotypes influenced the public
 attitudes held by both men and women that called into question women's
 financial capabilities, their relationship to money and the financial
 markets, and their capacity to translate their wealth into political
 power. Popular American ideals about an individual's ability to make and
 remake himself or herself competed with equally significant essentialist
 ideas about what constitutes a man and a woman. While women achieved
 gains, they did so despite huge challenges that limited their ability to
 exercise the power Americans commonly associate with financial success. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-109 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Women, gender, capital accumulation, entrepreneurs, wealth, social norms, JEL Codes: N21, N31, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508270 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508270 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:85-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janette Rutterford 
Author-X-Name-First: Janette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rutterford 
Author-Name: Josephine Maltby 
Author-X-Name-First: Josephine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maltby 
Title: &#x201c;THE WIDOW, THE CLERGYMAN AND THE RECKLESS&#x201d;: WOMEN INVESTORS IN ENGLAND, 1830&#x2014;1914 
Abstract:
  Modern historians infrequently acknowledge that women were financial
 investors before the twentieth century. Yet a study of nineteenth-century
 England shows substantial groups of women investing for income, capital
 growth, or a share in the family business. This article will summarize the
 evidence for women as investors and consider why their participation has
 been until recently largely ignored by scholars. Second, it will analyze
 the forms taken by women's investment, exploring the extent to which the
 development of the stock market and legal changes in married women's
 property rights facilitated a growing female role in investment. Third, it
 will analyze the objectives and needs of the three main groups of women
 investors: speculators, income-seekers, and family investors. The findings
 have implications for understanding the economic position of women before
 the First World War and also for contemporary discussion of women's wealth
 and investment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 111-138 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Financial markets and institutions, household behavior, family economics, JEL Codes: N23, J16, D10, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508288 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508288 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:111-138




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucie Schmidt 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt 
Author-Name: Purvi Sevak 
Author-X-Name-First: Purvi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sevak 
Title: GENDER, MARRIAGE, AND ASSET ACCUMULATION IN THE UNITED STATES 
Abstract:
  Wealth accumulation has important implications for the relative
 well-being of households. This article describes how household wealth in
 the United States varies by gender and family type. Evidence is found of
 large differences in observed wealth between single-female-headed
 households and married couples. Although some of this gap reflects
 differences in observable characteristics correlated with gender and
 wealth - such as position in the life cycle, education, and family
 earnings - controlling for these characteristics reduces but does not
 eliminate the estimated wealth gap. The wealth holdings of single females
 in the US, controlling for these same characteristics, are also
 significantly lower than the wealth holdings of single males. In contrast,
 observed wealth gaps between genders in a sub-sample of young households
 disappear when controlling for observable characteristics, suggesting
 either that in the US these gaps are disappearing for younger households
 or that these gaps do not emerge until later in life. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 139-166 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Wealth, gender, family structure, JEL Codes: D3, J16, J12, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508445 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508445 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:139-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexis Yamokoski 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamokoski 
Author-Name: Lisa Keister 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keister 
Title: THE WEALTH OF SINGLE WOMEN: MARITAL STATUS AND PARENTHOOD IN THE ASSET ACCUMULATION OF YOUNG BABY BOOMERS IN THE UNITED STATES 
Abstract:
  In the United States, household wealth is unequally distributed. While
 facts about the distribution are readily available, less is known about
 the family dynamics that underlie this important component of inequality.
 An increasing number of households are headed by single females (both
 never married and divorced), and the number of single mothers among these
 households has grown in recent decades. This article explores differences
 in wealth in the US by marital status, gender, and parenting status. It
 focuses on young baby boomers, finding a minimal gender gap in the wealth
 of never-married people. However, when controlling for parenthood, strong
 evidence was found of a family gap in household wealth accumulation, with
 single mothers and fathers economically disadvantaged in comparison to
 adults without children. Yet, it was fiound that single mothers suffer the
 most severe economic penalties in household wealth accumulation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 167-194 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Gender, wealth, divorce, marriage, children, parenthood, JEL Codes: D1, D31, G11, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508478 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508478 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:167-194




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tracey Warren 
Author-X-Name-First: Tracey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warren 
Title: MOVING BEYOND THE GENDER WEALTH GAP: ON GENDER, CLASS, ETHNICITY, AND WEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 
Abstract:
  This article is concerned with the impact of gender, class, and ethnic
 divisions on inequities in wealth accumulation in the United Kingdom.
 First, it provides an analysis, based on a sub-sample of individuals aged
 18 to 59 in the Family Resources Survey, of the distribution of
 individual-level pension wealth to gauge the size of the gender wealth
 gap. It then moves on to family-level wealth to show not only how class
 and ethnically related wealth inequalities can cut across this gendered
 picture, but also how other key variables such as income and life stage
 can impact wealth accumulation. Researching gender differences in wealth
 through methods such as these is vital because it enables us to explore
 the long-term buildup of gendered economic disadvantage, but one also must
 pay attention to other social divisions, alongside gender, to develop a
 fuller understanding of societal economic advantage and disadvantage. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 195-219 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Gender, wealth, pensions, class, ethnicity, United Kingdom, JEL Codes: D31, J16, J15, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508502 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508502 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:195-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Gibson 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibson 
Author-Name: Trinh Le 
Author-X-Name-First: Trinh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Le 
Author-Name: Grant Scobie 
Author-X-Name-First: Grant 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scobie 
Title: HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING OVER WEALTH AND THE ADEQUACY OF WOMEN'S RETIREMENT INCOMES IN NEW ZEALAND 
Abstract:
  Bargaining models of household wealth accumulation point to a potential
 conflict of interest between husbands and wives. Wives are typically
 younger than their husbands and have longer life expectancy, so they must
 expect to finance a longer retirement period. Therefore, when they have
 greater relative bargaining power, households will accumulate more wealth.
 There is some weak evidence for this in the United States, but this
 article finds the opposite pattern in New Zealand, where women's greater
 bargaining power results in a lower net worth in the pre-retirement cohort
 of couples. In New Zealand, where public pensions are more generous than
 in the US and are not affected by holdings of private wealth or income, it
 may not be rational for women with greater relative bargaining power than
 their spouses to favor wealth accumulation. These results indicate the
 importance of the policy context when considering household bargaining
 models. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 221-246 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Bargaining, intrahousehold, pensions, retirement, wealth, JEL Codes: D31, J16, J26, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508536 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508536 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:221-246




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greta Friedemann-Sanchez 
Author-X-Name-First: Greta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedemann-Sanchez 
Title: ASSETS IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD BARGAINING AMONG WOMEN WORKERS IN COLOMBIA'S CUT-FLOWER INDUSTRY 
Abstract:
  Drawing on ethnographic and survey data, this article examines the
 diverse ways in which land and home ownership, wage income, and social
 capital combine to structure the alternatives of women workers in the
 cut-flower industry of rural Colombia. Most of these workers live in
 traditional male-dominated households where domestic abuse is prevalent.
 Data showing rates of property ownership by gender are presented, and the
 barriers and facilitators to property ownership by gender among
 agricultural wage-workers are analyzed. Property ownership is acquired
 largely through inheritance or purchase, which is influenced by social
 capital and the historical nature of relationships with large landowners.
 Women's household bargaining strategies rely on a combination of assets:
 kin networks; labor-related networks; and physical, financial, and
 individual assets. The author argues that the social capital of
 individuals, including their labor, kin, and solidarity networks, is key
 to an understanding of both property acquisition and intrahousehold
 bargaining processes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 247-269 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Social capital, property, agricultural labor, domestic violence, non-traditional exports, rural Colombia, JEL Codes: J16, Q15, R2, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508551 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508551 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:247-269




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Namita Datta 
Author-X-Name-First: Namita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Datta 
Title: JOINT TITLING&#xa0;&#x2014;&#xa0;A WIN-WIN POLICY? GENDER AND PROPERTY RIGHTS IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN CHANDIGARH, INDIA 
Abstract:
  This article extends the debate on gender and property rights that has
 previously focused on agricultural land in rural areas to housing in urban
 areas. Specifically, it explores the impact of joint titling of houses on
 women's empowerment in urban informal settlements in Chandigarh, India.
 Property rights increase women's participation in decision making, access
 to knowledge and information about public matters, sense of security,
 self-esteem, and the respect that they receive from their spouses. Women
 display a higher attachment to their houses than men, especially after
 getting joint titles, because houses play a valuable role in fulfilling
 women's practical and strategic gender needs. This increased attachment to
 the house helps reduce property turnover in regularized settlements, hence
 assisting the government in attaining its goals and making joint titling a
 win-win policy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 271-298 
Issue: 1-2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Joint titles, property rights, informal settlements, gender, housing, India, JEL Codes: I38, H53, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700500508569 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700500508569 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:1-2:p:271-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Urvashi Soni-Sinha 
Author-X-Name-First: Urvashi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Soni-Sinha 
Title: WHERE ARE THE WOMEN? GENDER, LABOR, AND DISCOURSE IN THE NOIDA EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE AND DELHI 
Abstract:
  Export processing zones (EPZs) are like islands of globalization. Much of
 the literature on EPZs and export-oriented industries (EOIs) notes a
 preponderance of women who are constructed as &#x201c;cheap,&#x201d;
 &#x201c;nimble fingered,&#x201d; and &#x201c;docile&#x201d; labor. This
 literature is dominated by socialist feminist thinkers, and this paper
 argues that there is a need to incorporate the insights of postmodern
 feminist thinkers. The article focuses on the role that language,
 discourse, and subjectivity play in the gendering process in handmade
 jewelry production in the Noida Export Processing Zone (NEPZ) and in the
 ranch production units related by common ownership in Delhi, India. It
 thus gives &#x201c;voices&#x201d; to women and men, and brings out their
 agency in structuring the labor market. The study confirms that gender
 division of labor is a product of discursive and material practices that
 are reproduced through discourses into which different actors invest, and
 that feed into the gendered subjective identities of these actors. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 335-365 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Subjectivity, gender division of labor, discourse, export processing, India, JEL Codes: J16, J4, J49, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600670442 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600670442 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:3:p:335-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda DeRiviere 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: DeRiviere 
Title: A HUMAN CAPITAL METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE LIFELONG PERSONAL COSTS OF YOUNG WOMEN LEAVING THE SEX TRADE 
Abstract:
  This article combines case study interviews with the tools of economic
 cost-benefit analysis to estimate the lifelong effects for individuals in
 Manitoba, Canada, who began engaging in prostitution as youths. The
 empirical findings reveal that sex workers retain only a small portion of
 their earnings from prostitution after feeding drug addictions and
 third-parties extortions of net residual earnings. The sex-trade worker
 typically suffers from debilitating addictions and health conditions that
 are symptomatic of the stress and danger of engaging in this lifestyle.
 After leaving prostitution, the former sex worker faces major challenges
 in rejoining the mainstream labor market. The issues engender multiple
 reasons for policy-makers to direct their attention to counteracting the
 conditions of vulnerability that bring youth into this lifestyle and,
 thereby, effectively disrupting the supply of sex workers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 367-402 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Youth sex trade, Aboriginal women, cost-benefit methodology, women's health and addictions, earnings differentials, human capital, JEL Codes: I12; J15; J24, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600670434 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600670434 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:3:p:367-402




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Brennan 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brennan 
Title: DEFENDING THE INDEFENSIBLE? CULTURE'S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTIVE/UNPRODUCTIVE DICHOTOMY 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to reveal the justifications for different
 production boundaries historically. It finds that the boundaries were and
 are predicated on an untenable productive/unproductive dichotomy that was
 justified on select and shifting cultural norms. Furthermore, the
 production boundary informed other categories like labor, capital, income,
 and wealth. Hence, this article exposes the degree to which economic
 categories were and are unstable, fragile, contested, and culturally
 embedded constructs. It then explores feminist-inspired production
 boundaries based on third-person criterion and finds that these boundaries
 are likewise culturally contingent. However, these new production
 boundaries merely do what economics has always attempted to do, which is
 to theorize production under different cultural circumstances. This
 article reaffirms the mutually constitutive role of culture and economic
 categories. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 403-425 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Unpaid household work, culture, national income accounting, JEL Codes: B12, B13, B29, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600669675 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600669675 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:3:p:403-425




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joyce Jacobsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen 
Author-Name: Roberta Edgecombe Robb 
Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Edgecombe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robb 
Author-Name: Jonathan Burton 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burton 
Author-Name: David Blackaby 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blackaby 
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Author-Name: Heather Joshi 
Author-X-Name-First: Heather 
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi 
Author-Name: Xiaobo Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaobo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Title: INTRODUCTION / THE STATUS OF WOMEN ECONOMISTS IN US UNIVERSITIES AND THE WORLD / THE STATUS OF WOMEN ECONOMISTS IN UK UNIVERSITIES / THE STATUS OF WOMEN ECONOMISTS IN CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES / THE STATUS OF WOMEN ECONOMISTS IN CHINA'S UNIVERSITIES 
Abstract:
  These Explorations, by eight authors from Canada, China, the US, and the
 UK, examine the current status of women in economics (with an eye mainly
 toward their status in the academic branch of the profession). The four
 sections of the work analyze results of surveys that show the distribution
 of academic positions among women economists in universities in Canada,
 the UK, the US, and China. The work also provides a short history of the
 development of committees and groups interested in furthering the status
 of women in the economics profession and suggests ways to improve the
 efforts of such groups and the status of women economists. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 427-474 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Academic labor markets, economics profession, women in economics, JEL Codes: J16, J44, J49, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600669667 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600669667 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:3:p:427-474




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heike Trappe 
Author-X-Name-First: Heike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trappe 
Author-Name: Annemette S&#xf8;rensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Annemette 
Author-X-Name-Last: S&#xf8;rensen 
Title: ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN WOMEN AND THEIR PARTNERS: AN EAST AND WEST GERMAN COMPARISON AFTER REUNIFICATION 
Abstract:
  This article compares women's and men's economic relations in East and
 West Germany following the 1990 reunification to exemplify the impact of
 varying opportunity structures on women's relative contribution to family
 income. West Germany's takeover set in motion a rapid transformation of
 East German institutions and employment structures. The analysis shows
 that women in West Germany became less dependent on their partners in the
 1990s, largely because fewer women were housewives without earnings. In
 contrast, the contributions of women to the family economy in East Germany
 fell between 1990 and 1996. Afterwards, women in East Germany regained
 some of their economic power because of their partners' increasing
 difficulties sustaining employment. A multivariate analysis showed that
 the fact that women in West Germany were more likely to work less or not
 at all&#xa0;-&#xa0;especially if they were married or had
 children&#xa0;-&#xa0;accounted for much of the difference. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 643-665 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Dual-earner couples, economics of the family, household economics, East and West Germany, JEL Codes: D1, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600885255 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600885255 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:643-665




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Connelly 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connelly 
Author-Name: Deborah DeGraff 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: DeGraff 
Author-Name: Deborah Levison 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levison 
Author-Name: Brian McCall 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCall 
Title: TACKLING THE ENDOGENEITY OF FERTILITY IN THE STUDY OF WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATION STRATEGIES USING DATA FROM URBAN BRAZIL 
Abstract:
  Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility,
 should be considered endogenous in models of behavior in developing
 countries. Faced with a dearth of good instruments, mainstream researchers
 often urge working in reduced form and, therefore, losing variables of
 policy interest or limiting the type of questions they ask to those where
 good instruments are available. Rather than treating endogeneity as a yes
 or no characteristic, we suggest instead that researchers consider the
 likely magnitude of endogeneity bias before moving to reduced form. Facing
 a situation where endogeneity bias is often presented as a concern but
 where we expect little endogeneity bias, we tackle endogeneity using
 multiple econometric techniques not available to the average researcher.
 We find support for our hypothesis that little bias arises due to the
 assumption of exogeneity of recent fertility in a model of women's
 employment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 561-597 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Economics of the family, female labor-force participation, fertility, household models, endogeneity, JEL Codes: D1, D, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600885263 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600885263 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:561-597




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nina Banks 
Author-X-Name-First: Nina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Banks 
Title: UPLIFTING THE RACE THROUGH DOMESTICITY: CAPITALISM, AFRICAN-AMERICAN MIGRATION, AND THE HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY IN THE GREAT MIGRATION ERA OF 1916&#x2014;1930 
Abstract:
  The transformation of African Americans into a working-class population
 began during the World War I Great Migration era. In response to the rise
 in racial intolerance and the urgency of migrants' needs, the Pittsburgh
 Urban League was formed in 1918 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Using a
 historical case study, this article suggests that the League attempted to
 promote domesticity among married migrant women for the purpose of racial
 uplift. This paper examines the implications of this strategy for migrant
 households and Pittsburgh industry. The study explores the relationship
 between patriarchy and capitalism in the formation of working-class
 families by discussing the role of racial ideologies in this process. The
 author argues that studies of white women's domesticity and reproductive
 labor also must address the ways in which race has affected their
 incorporation into capitalist class systems in countries where race is a
 central organizing feature of the political economy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 599-624 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Domesticity, reproductive labor, racial uplift, JEL Codes: J16, J61, J15, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600885271 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600885271 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:599-624




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers 
Author-Name: Joseph Zveglich 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zveglich 
Author-Name: Laura Wherry 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wherry 
Title: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL TRAINING AND EARNINGS PREMIUMS IN TAIWAN 
Abstract:
  International capital mobility and economic restructuring have brought
 training and skills acquisition to the forefront of policy dialogues.
 Taiwan has gone beyond most countries in promoting vocational education
 and setting strict quotas for schooling. Although the education plans do
 not have separate targets for men and women, they have gendered outcomes.
 Estimates of earnings premiums using ordinary least squares and quantile
 regression techniques indicate that only men have gained consistently
 higher premiums from vocational school compared to general schooling.
 Women who were denied access to the university system have forgone college
 premiums that exceed those of men. Also, the commerce track, in which
 women cluster, yields an earnings penalty compared to general schooling,
 while the technical track, in which men predominate, yields an earnings
 premium. Policy reforms based on relaxing education quotas and enforcing
 equal opportunity legislation would provide women with more rewarding
 education and career options. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 527-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Education, skills, segregation, wage gap, Taiwan, quantile regression, JEL Codes: J24, O2, J31, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600885313 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600885313 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:527-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Mari May 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann Mari 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Title: &#x201c;SWEEPING THE HEAVENS FOR A COMET&#x201d;: WOMEN, THE LANGUAGE OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE US 
Abstract:
  The importance of increased levels of education in improving the status
 of women throughout the world is well established. Higher levels of
 education are associated with lower birth rates, higher incomes, and
 greater autonomy for women. Yet, women's struggle to have a voice in
 higher education has been fraught with difficulties in the US and
 worldwide, particularly in overcoming widely held perceptions that limit
 their entrance into certain academic fields, tenured positions, and elite
 universities. This essay examines the role political economy has played in
 providing narratives that rationalize women's limited participation in
 higher education. By examining the representation of women in the academic
 culture of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century US, we can perhaps better
 understand women's struggle to obtain an authoritative voice in higher
 education worldwide. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 625-640 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
Keywords: Women, history of higher education, political economy, gender and science, JEL Codes: I23, B1, P16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700600885321 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700600885321 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:625-640




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: EDITORS NOTE 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601024797 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601024797 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Leppel 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leppel 
Title: Home-ownership among opposite- and same-sex couples in the US 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the home-ownership implications of legal issues
 pertaining to marital status and of discrimination based on sexual
 orientation or marital status using United States 2000 Decennial Census
 data. Interesting differences are found between couple types in the
 effects of several variables. Same-sex couples are more likely than
 unmarried opposite-sex couples to own rather than rent homes but less
 likely to do so than married couples. In particular, the effects of
 household income and of a black householder are smaller for married
 couples than for same-sex and unmarried opposite-sex couples. Also,
 same-sex couples are not more likely to own homes in center city areas
 than elsewhere; married couples, however, are less likely to own homes in
 the city. Among high-income same-sex households, women are more likely
 than men to own homes but less likely to do so in US center city areas. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Home-ownership, same-sex couples, unmarried couples, JEL Codes: D1, D, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075070 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075070 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:1-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Karamessini 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karamessini 
Author-Name: Elias Ioakimoglou 
Author-X-Name-First: Elias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ioakimoglou 
Title: Wage determination and the gender pay gap: A feminist political economy analysis and decomposition 
Abstract:
  This paper develops a heterodox analytical framework of wage
 determination and a new method of decomposition of the gender pay gap
 drawing on Marxian and feminist theories. The proposed framework utilizes
 two wage equations for the analysis of the gender gap: the first equation
 refers to average occupational wages and the second to individual wages as
 deviations from occupational wages. Using a data set for wages from
 industries in Greece, this paper demonstrates and explains differences in
 results between this proposed decomposition of the gender pay gap and that
 of Oaxaca-Blinder, and discusses the merits of this new technique compared
 to the Brown-Moon-Zoloth method. The authors argue that the main advantage
 of this proposed method of decomposition over the other two methods is
 that the proposed method allows for separate estimates of the impact of
 social and individual gender wage discrimination on the gender pay gap. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 31-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Wage determination, gender pay gap, decomposition method, JEL Codes: J16, J31, E11, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075088 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075088 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:31-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Des Gasper 
Author-X-Name-First: Des 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper 
Title: Adding links, adding persons, and adding structures: Using Sen's frameworks 
Abstract:
  This essay is a comment on &#x201c;Sen on Freedom and Gender
 Justice,&#x201d; by Mozaffar Qizilbash, which appeared in Feminist
 Economics Volume 11, Number 3, November 2005. Building on the 2003 double
 special issue of Feminist Economics entitled &#x201c;Amartya Sen's Work
 and Ideas,&#x201d; this paper responds to the review essay by Mozaffar
 Qizilbash. It identifies and illustrates various possible evaluations of a
 theoretical system, including that it has acknowledged strengths,
 unrecognized strengths, remediable gaps or failings, or structural faults.
 The paper then looks at Sen's system as a theoretical basis for
 &#x201c;human development&#x201d;-&#xa0;in particular in relation to
 personhood, emotions, and psychological interdependence&#xa0;-&#xa0;and
 argues that it points in directions required for economic and social
 analysis, including towards theories of care, but is not itself a
 sufficient treatment. The paper suggests deepening Sen's system by
 connecting to other important languages of analysis concerning the
 structuring of attitudes, emotions, felt well-being, public reasoning, and
 politics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 67-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Amartya Sen, theory assessment, human development, personhood, sympathy, care ethics, JEL Codes: B59, A12, A13, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075179 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075179 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:67-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rajeev Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Author-Name: Radhika Balakrishnan 
Author-X-Name-First: Radhika 
Author-X-Name-Last: Balakrishnan 
Author-Name: Uma Narayan 
Author-X-Name-First: Uma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayan 
Title: Transgressing rights: La Via Campesina's call for food sovereignty / Exploring collaborations: Heterodox economics and an economic social rights framework / Workers in the informal sector: Special challenges for economic human rights 
Abstract:
  The notion of rights is a powerful one, but the channels through which
 they have been promoted and enforced since World War II have militated
 against the more radical promise of rights. These explorations examine the
 question of economic rights with an international focus. The contributions
 touch on such diverse topics as the international peasant federation
 called La Via Campesina, heterodox and social economic analyses, and the
 informal sector. The authors address the question of human rights with
 respect to the conditions that delimit and enforce these rights, the
 connections between macroeconomics and human rights, social movements that
 strive to protect these rights, and the different theoretical approaches
 to incorporating rights into an academic framework. Though each
 contribution's methodology and focus are different, the composite takes an
 important step in evaluating this very critical question of economic
 rights that greatly affects individual lives, social conditions, economic
 policies, and the study of economics. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Human rights, resistance, development, the informal sector, globalization, justice, JEL Codes: J83, J8, J, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601086838 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601086838 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:87-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Katz 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Katz 
Title: Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A Synthesis of Recent Research 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 117-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075203 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075203 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:117-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara de La Rica 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: de La Rica 
Title: Work, Family and Childcare: An Empirical Analysis of European Households 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 120-122 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075229 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075229 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:120-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Di Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso 
Title: Sex Work, Mobility and Health in Europe 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 123-127 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075187 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075187 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:123-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulette Olson 
Author-X-Name-First: Paulette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olson 
Title: The Changing Face of Economics: Conversations with Cutting Edge Economists 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075096 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075096 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:127-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Title: The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 132-137 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075195 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075195 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:132-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Title: Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075146 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075146 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:137-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Safa 
Author-X-Name-First: Helen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Safa 
Title: Women, Development, and the UN: A Sixty-Year Quest for Equality and Justice 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-146 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075211 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075211 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:141-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: V. Spike Peterson 
Author-X-Name-First: V. Spike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peterson 
Title: Economic Justice and Democracy: From Competition to Cooperation 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 146-150 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075153 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075153 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:146-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Robison 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robison 
Title: Child Labor and Human Rights: Making Children Matter 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 150-155 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075161 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075161 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:150-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Saunders 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders 
Title: African Americans in the US Economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 155-160 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075104 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075104 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:155-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Lucas 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas 
Title: &#x201c;Right Development&#x201d;: The Santi Asoke Buddhist Reform Movement of Thailand 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 160-164 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075112 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075112 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:160-164




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Mutari 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutari 
Title: Feminism Confronts Homo Economicus: Gender, Law, and Society 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 164-169 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075120 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075120 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:164-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Rosenbluth 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenbluth 
Title: Gender and Development: The Japanese Experience in Comparative Perspective 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 169-174 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601075138 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601075138 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:1:p:169-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Title: PlusCa Change? evidence on global trends in gender norms and stereotypes 
Abstract:
  Gender norms and stereotypes that perpetuate inequality are deeply
 embedded in social and individual consciousness and, as a result, are
 resistant to change. Gender stratification theories propose that women's
 control over material resources can increase bargaining power to leverage
 change in key institutions, prompting a shift to more equitable norms. By
 extension, policies that promote women's paid employment should serve as a
 fulcrum for gender equitable change. Is there any evidence to support this
 hypothesis? Investigating this requires a means to capture gender norms
 and stereotypes. The World Values Survey provides just such a mechanism
 because it contains a series of gender questions that span a twenty-year
 period and includes respondents from more than seventy countries. This
 paper uses that survey's data to analyze determinants of trends in norms
 and stereotypes over time and across countries, and finds evidence that
 increases in women's paid employment promotes gender equitable norms and
 stereotypes. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-28 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Economic growth, employment, gender ideology, gender norms and stereotypes, gender roles, globalization, JEL Codes: A14, J16, J21, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184880 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184880 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:1-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin Danby 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Danby 
Title: Political economy and the closet: heteronormativity in feminist economics 
Abstract:
  Returning to a question raised by M. V. Lee Badgett in the first issue of
 Feminist Economics, this paper traces the persistence of heteronormativity
 in feminist economics to assumptions that kinship is organized around
 conjugal bonds. These assumptions let &#x201c;the family&#x201d; stand
 automatically for a husband, wife, and their children.
 &#x201c;Heteronormativity&#x201d; is not a synonym for heterosexual
 privilege, but rather names tacit conceptions about what is socially
 normal, conceptions that make it possible to think of heterosexuals or
 homosexuals as essential categories of people. Critique of
 heteronormativity makes visible a pattern of state repression that makes
 proper citizens by opposing them to improper ones, a process that
 simultaneously shapes gender, sexuality, citizenship, and race. Such
 critique opens the opportunity to better understand gender, integrate
 scholarship on lesbians and gays, link gender analysis more directly to
 racializing processes, and reopen the category of heterosexuality. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-53 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Family, gay, heteronormativity, lesbian, queer theory, subjectivity, JEL Codes: B4, D1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184898 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184898 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:29-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle-Rushton 
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle-Rushton 
Author-Name: Jane Waldfogel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waldfogel 
Title: Motherhood and women's earnings in Anglo-American, Continental European, and Nordic Countries 
Abstract:
  The earnings of mothers make up an important, but difficult to quantify,
 component of parental expenditures on children. This paper compares the
 long-term earnings of women with children, women without children, and
 men. The study conducts separate analyses for less educated, moderately
 educated, and highly educated people in eight Anglo-American, Continental
 European, and Nordic countries. The study finds that, for the most part,
 these countries cluster into three groups, with mothers in the Continental
 European group experiencing the largest earnings differentials, mothers in
 the Nordic group experiencing the smallest, and mothers in the
 Anglo-American countries occupying the middle position. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-91 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Earnings, gender, labor market, motherhood, JEL Codes: J18, J1, J, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184849 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:55-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Colander 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Colander 
Author-Name: Jessica Holmes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holmes 
Title: Gender and graduate economics education in the US 
Abstract:
  This paper reports on the findings of a survey of top economics graduate
 schools as they relate to women and men. The results provide strong
 evidence that at these top graduate schools, women graduate students are
 less integrated in their economic disciplines than are male graduate
 students. In the second part of the paper, this paper relates those
 findings to alternative theories as to why this is the case. This paper
 concludes by suggesting that the emphasis on theoretical studies in the
 current core of the graduate economics program can be seen as a type of
 hazing process that seems to have a significant cost since many women (and
 men) with great creative promise are discouraged from continuing in
 economics and do not benefit nearly as much as they would have from more
 policy-driven core courses. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-116 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Education, gender division of labor, gender roles, JEL Codes: A14, A23, I2, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184963 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184963 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:93-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klarita G&#xeb;rxhani 
Author-X-Name-First: Klarita 
Author-X-Name-Last: G&#xeb;rxhani 
Title: Explaining gender differences in tax evasion: the case of Tirana, Albania 
Abstract:
  Recently, a considerable amount of research has focused on the evidence
 of gender differences in corruption. Research conducted on another
 predatory activity, tax evasion, similarly shows strong differences
 between women's and men's behaviors. This paper tests this finding in a
 transition country using a unique data set collected from a field survey
 of households in Tirana, Albania in 2000. Acknowledging that scholars
 generally explain gender differences in economic behavior either as
 biological or by social/psychological role theory, this paper examines a
 broader range of explanations for gender differences in tax evasion.
 Taking new institutional theory as a starting point to explain the
 differences in men's and women's tax behaviors, this paper discusses the
 relative importance of education, income, age, and number of children,
 among other factors. Finally, it explores the explanations provided by
 feminist theory and to what extent these can be integrated into the new
 institutional theoretical framework. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-155 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Economic restructuring, gender, institutions, taxation, JEL Codes: H26, J16, P37, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184856 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184856 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:119-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruta Aidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aidis 
Author-Name: Friederike Welter 
Author-X-Name-First: Friederike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Welter 
Author-Name: David Smallbone 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smallbone 
Author-Name: Nina Isakova 
Author-X-Name-First: Nina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Isakova 
Title: Female entrepreneurship in transition economies: the case of Lithuania and Ukraine 
Abstract:
  To date, little research has focused on female entrepreneurship in the
 context of transitioning countries. This paper compares from an
 institutional perspective two countries at different stages in the process
 of transformation. Lithuania followed a rapid transitional path leading to
 European Union membership, while Ukraine is on a much slower development
 path. Women entrepreneurs in Lithuania and Ukraine share many common
 features and problems; however, there are important differences in the
 experiences of women in these two countries. This indicates a need to
 recognize the diversity that exists among transition countries, reflecting
 different inheritances from the Soviet past as well as differences in the
 pace of change during the transition period. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 157-183 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Female entrepreneurship, transition countries, Lithuania, Ukraine, institutional theory, SMEs, JEL Codes: M13, P2, P3, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184831 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184831 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:157-183




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Cherry 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry 
Title: Assessing welfare reform data: a comment on christopher 
Abstract:
  This paper responds to Karen Christopher's recent Feminist Economics
 paper that posits that welfare leavers did not benefit much financially
 during the Clinton-era economic boom. On the contrary, this paper finds
 that child poverty rates declined dramatically as did material hardships
 while the situation worsened for only a very small share of mothers. These
 benefits came as a result of welfare reform rather than simply an
 outgrowth of the booming economy that enabled a greater share of welfare
 leavers to find employment and gain sizeable transfer payments compared to
 the pre-reform time period. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 185-195 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Family policy, income support, welfare reform, JEL Codes: I38, I3, I, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184914 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184914 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:185-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Christopher 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christopher 
Title: Reassessing welfare reform data: a response to cherry 
Abstract:
  This is a response to Robert Cherry's comment on the article,
 &#x201c;Welfare as We [Don't] Know It: A Review and Feminist Critique of
 Welfare Reform Research&#x201d; that appeared in the 10(2) issue of
 Feminist Economics. This response argues that while some combination of
 welfare reform, the booming economy in the late 1990s, and changes in
 economic policy all worked together to decrease caseloads and increase
 employment rates among welfare leavers, these are incomplete measures of
 the impact of welfare reform on the lives of lone mothers. This paper also
 argues that the effects of welfare reform on lone mothers are more mixed
 than Cherry acknowledges. This paper concludes that when one holistically
 examines low-income lone mothers' lives, it is premature to declare
 welfare reform a success. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 197-202 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Feminist research, labor market, welfare reform, JEL Codes: I30, I31, I38, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184906 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184906 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:197-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caren Grown 
Author-X-Name-First: Caren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grown 
Title: Gender equality: striving for justice in an unequal world / Progress of the World's Women 2005: Women, Work, and Poverty / The World's Women 2005: Progress in Statistics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 203-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601185002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601185002 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:203-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robin Douthitt 
Author-X-Name-First: Robin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Douthitt 
Title: Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the US 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 208-210 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184864 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:208-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Dolan 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dolan 
Title: Assembling flowers and cultivating homes: labor and gender in Colombia 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 210-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601185010 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601185010 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:210-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carole Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Carole 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Title: Reconciling Work and Family Responsibilities: Practical Ideas from Global Experience 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 215-220 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184971 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184971 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:215-220




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Genevieve Biggs 
Author-X-Name-First: Genevieve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggs 
Title: Effective philanthropy: organizational success through deep diversity and gender equity / Women, Philanthropy, and Social Change: Visions for a Just Society 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 220-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184989 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184989 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:220-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joyce Jacobsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen 
Title: Law and Economics: Alternative Economic Approaches to Legal and Regulatory Issues 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 224-226 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184922 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184922 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:224-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Alice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Tenure Denied: Cases of Sex Discrimination in Academia 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 226-230 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184872 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184872 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:226-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Brun 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brun 
Title: Joan Robinson's Economics: A Centennial Celebration 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 230-234 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184948 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184948 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:230-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Giddings 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giddings 
Title: The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism, and Postsocialism on the Black Sea 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 234-238 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184955 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184955 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:234-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: Hard labour: the forgotten voices of Latvian Migrant &#x201c;Volunteer&#x201d; workers 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 203-247 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184997 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184997 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:203-247




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anca Gheaus 
Author-X-Name-First: Anca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gheaus 
Title: Ultima inegalitate: Relatiile de gen in Romania (The Last Inequality: Gender Relationships in Romania) / Drumul catre autonomie: Teorii politice feministe (The Road to Autonomy: Feminist Political Theories) / Politica sexelor (The Politics of Sexes) 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 243-247 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700601184930 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700601184930 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:2:p:243-247




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: China's Transition and Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
  Since 1978 China has been undergoing transition from a socialist to a
 capitalist economy and the opening up to international trade and
 investment. This process has been accelerated by WTO membership. This
 article presents an overview of the gendered processes and outcomes
 associated with China's reforms, mainly focusing on the post-1992 period
 when the pace of reforms accelerated. The imperative for accumulation and
 efficiency has resulted not only in impressive growth but also in the
 weakening of land rights for women, disproportionate layoffs for women
 workers in state enterprises, rising gender disparities in urban and rural
 wage employment, growing income insecurity, declining access to
 healthcare, and the adoption of Western/global commodified beauty
 standards. While jobs are expanding in new sectors and foreign-invested
 enterprises, these jobs are often associated with poor working conditions.
 This volume argues for reprioritizing equity and welfare on the policy
 agenda. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-33 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Gender inequality, feminist economics, economic transition, China, JEL Codes: B54, B5, B, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701513954 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701513954 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:1-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Denise Hare 
Author-X-Name-First: Denise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hare 
Author-Name: Li Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Daniel Englander 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Englander 
Title: Land management in rural China and its gender implications 
Abstract:
  Women are an important mainstay of agricultural production in China,
 though their access to land is characterized by even greater ambiguity
 than that of their male counterparts. As part of its path toward
 liberalization, China undertook agricultural land management policy
 reforms that were aimed at increasing the security of land tenure rights,
 but these reforms have paradoxically exacerbated the uncertainty
 surrounding women's claims to land. Utilizing sample survey data collected
 from 412 rural households in Shaanxi and Hunan provinces in 2002, this
 paper documents and analyzes gender differences in land allocations. The
 findings of this study shed light on the degree to which community
 characteristics coupled with current local practices (such as frequency of
 reallocation) influence gender disparities. Results suggest that a growing
 number of women experience loss of contract land coincident with marrying,
 and this trend may be expected to increase given the current direction of
 land policy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 35-61 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: China, gender, land, property rights, JEL codes: J16, P2, Q15, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701445298 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701445298 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:35-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junjie Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: Gender and rural reforms in China: A case study of population control and land rights policies in northern Liaoning 
Abstract:
  Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the gender
 dimensions of population control and land tenure policies in a rural
 village in Northeast China. Gender bias was explicit in the implementation
 of both policies in the village between 1980 and the mid-1990s. Since that
 time, explicit gender bias has been reduced and both policies have
 stressed market incentives more, reflecting China's modernization goals
 and accession to the WTO. Yet the policies are not gender neutral in their
 implementation, effects, and interactions. Women remain the target of the
 eased population policy, and they are more likely to become
 &#x201c;landless&#x201d; at marriage. The policies work together to
 reinforce traditional and emerging forms of gender bias, though at times
 they offset each other. They impact women's bargaining power within the
 home, status in the community, and social security. Together they provide
 a richer view of the gendered experience of living in the village. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-92 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Discrimination, gender, land, population control, JEL Codes: J16, P36, Q15, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439440 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439440 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:63-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fiona MacPhail 
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacPhail 
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Title: Women's market work and household status in rural China: Evidence from Jiangsu and Shandong in the late 1990s 
Abstract:
  This paper addresses the question, &#x201c;does market work improve
 women's household status in rural China?&#x201d; using survey data of men
 and women working in Township and Village Enterprises in rural Jiangsu and
 Shandong. This paper measures household status by domestic labor time,
 responsibility for domestic tasks, and household decision-making control.
 It finds that women have lower household status than men, using these
 three indicators. Based upon regression results, this paper concludes that
 for women market wages reduce domestic work time and responsibility for
 domestic tasks but market hours do not. The nature of bargaining warrants
 further research since the evidence that financial resources contribute to
 increased household decision-making control is mixed. Should employment
 opportunities for women increase with China's membership in the WTO,
 improvements in women's household status will depend upon their wages and
 the gender wage gap. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-124 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Market work, China, domestic labor, gender inequality, household bargaining, women, JEL Codes: J16, J22, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439457 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439457 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:93-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jieyu Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jieyu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Gender dynamics and redundancy in urban China 
Abstract:
  This paper focuses on employment narratives recounted in life history
 interviews with women workers in Nanjing, China. Drawing on feminist
 perspectives on gender and global economic changes, it examines the
 micro-processes that underpinned China's economic restructuring and,
 through a gender-based analysis, shows how working women lost out in this
 process. After an overview of the institutional context in which China's
 economic restructuring occurred, this paper examines women's experiences
 in the workplace and identifies factors that contributed to their
 disadvantageous position in the work unit and that increased their
 vulnerability in the changing labor market. The evidence of gender
 inequality, assumptions about women's labor capacities, and the gendered
 consequences of economic restructuring suggest that older, less educated
 women workers, mostly from the Cultural Revolution generation, are
 unlikely to gain any benefit from whatever advantages accrue from China's
 economic integration into the global economy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-158 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: China, state sector reform, unemployment, gender, qualitative research, JEL Codes: P31, J64, J7, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701445322 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701445322 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:125-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Maurer-Fazio 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maurer-Fazio 
Author-Name: James Hughes 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes 
Author-Name: Dandan Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Dandan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: An Ocean formed from one hundred rivers: the effects of ethnicity, gender, marriage, and location on labor force participation in urban China 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes changes in labor force participation rates over time
 for gender- and ethnicity-differentiated groups in urban China. From 1990
 to 2000, urban labor force participation rates fell substantially with
 women's rates declining more rapidly than men's and minority women's
 declining more rapidly than Han women's. Women's labor force participation
 is determined by a complex interaction of often gendered economic,
 demographic, and cultural factors that vary considerably by ethnic group.
 This analysis employs probit regression techniques to census data to
 explore possible explanations for the observed changes. This paper focuses
 on five of China's larger ethnic groups: the Han, Hui, Korean, Uygur, and
 Zhuang. Although many of the findings differ by ethnic group, for married
 women there is evidence of a return to more traditional expectations about
 gendered household roles that is consistent across groups. The research
 techniques also uncover evidence of discrimination against men of certain
 ethnic groups. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-187 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: China, ethnic minority, gender, labor force participation, WTO, JEL Codes: J15, J21, O53, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439424 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439424 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:159-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lanyan Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Lanyan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Hilary Standing 
Author-X-Name-First: Hilary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Standing 
Title: Gender equity in transitional China's healthcare policy reforms 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the gendered impact of Chinese healthcare reforms,
 drawing attention to the complex and changing nature of gender inequities
 in China's current economic and social transformations. Using official and
 academic sources, it examines the reforms' impact on access to
 reproductive healthcare, the gendered effects of changes in health sector
 financing&#xa0;-&#xa0;particularly the collapse of insurance systems and
 rising costs of healthcare, and the implications of China's demographic
 transition on women's informal healthcare roles. This paper suggests areas
 that policy-makers, researchers, and activists should prioritize to
 address inequity, including developing public health policy based on the
 systematic monitoring of health impacts and trends from a gender
 perspective, strengthening rural medical facilities to meet the basic
 healthcare needs of rural populations (including sexual and reproductive
 health needs), and reforming the healthcare system together with social
 security systems to equitably cover the poor and the elderly. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 189-212 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Chinese healthcare reforms, health insurance, economic and social transition, rights, gender inequality, JEL Codes: I18, I31, O53, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439473 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439473 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:189-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein 
Author-Name: Mark Brenner 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brenner 
Title: Foreign direct investment and gendered wages in urban China 
Abstract:
  This paper documents the changing impact of foreign direct investment
 (FDI) on gendered wages in urban China. Combining household survey data
 from 1995 and 2002 with province-level macro-data, the paper finds that
 FDI as a proportion of investment has a sizable and statistically
 significant positive effect on both female and male wages in both years.
 In 1995, women experienced larger gains from FDI than men, but those
 gender-based advantages had reversed by 2002, with men experiencing larger
 wage gains from FDI than women. The paper argues that these results
 reflect the shift of foreign-invested enterprises to higher productivity
 and more domestically oriented production, a shift that interacts with
 gender-based employment segregation to more greatly advantage workers in
 male-dominated than female-dominated industries. These findings indicate
 that FDI can have considerable structural effects on economies that reach
 beyond the particular workers and firms linked to foreign investors. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 213-237 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: China, earnings differentials, foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, JEL Codes: F21, J7, O53, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439432 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439432 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:213-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pun Ngai 
Author-X-Name-First: Pun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngai 
Title: Gendering the dormitory labor system: production, reproduction, and migrant labor in south China 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the dormitory labor system, a specific Chinese
 labor system through which the lives of Chinese women migrant workers are
 shaped by the international division of labor. This dormitory labor system
 is a gendered form of labor use that underlies the boom of export-oriented
 industrial production in China, which has been further boosted by China's
 accession to the World Trade Organization. Combining work and residence
 under the dormitory labor system, production and daily reproduction of
 labor are reconfigured for the sake of global production, with
 foreign-invested or privately owned companies controlling almost all daily
 reproduction of labor. Drawing upon the findings of a 2003&#xa0;-&#xa0;4
 case study of an electronics factory in South China, this paper analyzes
 the operation of the dormitory labor system, detailing both its role in
 increasing output and profits and its role in supporting workers'
 resistance to their employers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 239-258 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: China, dormitory labor system, global production, migrant labor, women workers, JEL Codes: F16, F1, F, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439465 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439465 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:239-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julien Burda 
Author-X-Name-First: Julien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burda 
Title: Chinese women after the accession to the world trade organization: A legal perspective on women's labor rights 
Abstract:
  The World Trade Organization's law is a potentially powerful instrument
 for improving the labor rights of Chinese working women, if it is
 complemented by a broad global and multilateral approach. In contrast to
 much of the writing on core labor standards, this contribution is based on
 legal analyses, exploring what is possible, practical, and desirable in
 terms of WTO law. This paper seeks to assess whether the WTO could be used
 to pressure the Chinese government to improve women's labor rights. Trade
 sanctions, even if they fulfill the stringent conditions to be justified
 under WTO law, do not appear to be the best strategy. The incentive
 approach, based on both the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
 unilateral scheme and bilateral agreements, appears to be the best
 solution for improving women's labor rights. Any use of this tool must
 complement a global and multilateral approach, including better vertical
 and horizontal cooperation, among other international organizations and
 civil society. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 259-285 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Labor rights, WTO law, women's rights, JEL Codes: J8, J83, K33, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439481 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439481 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:259-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Hopkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hopkins 
Title: Western cosmetics in the gendered development of consumer culture in China 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the changes in China's gender regime during the
 reform period, especially during China's accession to the WTO. The
 analysis provides a framework to relate these changes to the consumption
 behavior of women, especially the increased consumption of cosmetics, to
 interpret the impact of accession on the gender regime in China.
 Institutionalist theories that model consumption decisions as a personal
 display of group identity are extended to the special case of gender
 identity. According to this framework, the desire to display identity,
 such as social status or lifestyles, shapes the decision to consume
 commodities that also display gender such as cosmetics. Thus, the new
 gender regime is an unintended consequence of a complex pursuit of
 identity. When consumption is understood as a performance of identity, we
 can see how the expansion of aggressive marketing tactics affects
 consumption by influencing the associations of goods with social status. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 287-306 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Consumption, gender, identity politics, JEL Codes: P36, B52, B54, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439416 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439416 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:287-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gary Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Susan Feiner 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feiner 
Title: Meinu Jingji/China's beauty economy: Buying looks, shifting value, and changing place 
Abstract:
  Along with the new products, modes of behavior, and economic relations
 that followed China's 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
 came the introduction of new words to everyday language. The term meinu
 jingji, &#x201c;beauty economy,&#x201d; is increasingly ubiquitous,
 describing everything from beauty pageants, modeling competitions,
 advertisement, cosmetics, and cosmetic surgery to tourism, TV, and cinema,
 and even extending to China's success in the Athens Olympics. One of the
 unexpected by-products of this new cultural focus on beauty as a
 significant source of individual economic success is the full bloom of
 beauty pageants endorsed by the state. This article focuses on these
 pageants: their history in China, their promotion of Anglo-European beauty
 norms, and their relationship with Chinese national identity and economic
 reform. The paper argues that the beauty pageants are a prerequisite of
 China's neoliberal policies as they promote consumerism, reinforce and
 symbolize commodification, divert attention to the personal, and undermine
 political protest of the ravages of economic reforms. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 307-323 
Issue: 3-4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2007 
Keywords: Beauty pageant, China, meinu jingji, neoliberalism, JEL Codes: D, D1, D11, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701439499 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701439499 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:13:y:2007:i:3-4:p:307-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Boushey 
Author-X-Name-First: Heather 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boushey 
Title: &#x201c;Opting out?&#x201d; The effect of children on women's employment in the United States 
Abstract:
  In the United States, a recent spate of popular media attention has
 focused on whether mothers, especially highly educated mothers in their
 thirties, are increasingly &#x201c;opting out&#x201d; of employment. This
 paper uses data from the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and
 Economic Survey (ASEC) to examine whether children cause women to exit
 employment. This paper finds that the &#x201c;child effect&#x201d; on
 women's employment has fallen since the end of the 1970s. The child effect
 was -21.8 percentage points in 1979 and has fallen consistently over the
 last two decades to -12.7 percentage points in 2005. Between 2000 and
 2005, the child effect grew from -11.1 to -12.7, but the change was
 statistically insignificant. Recent declines in women's employment may be
 more an effect of the weak labor market for all women, mothers and
 non-mothers, rather than an increase in mothers voluntarily choosing to
 exit employment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Women's employment, work and family, mother's employment, JEL Codes: J22, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716672 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716672 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:1-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena Bardasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Elena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardasi 
Author-Name: Janet Gornick 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gornick 
Title: Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalties across countries 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates wage gaps between part- and full-time women
 workers in six OECD countries in the mid-1990s. Using comparable
 micro-data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), for Canada, Germany,
 Italy, Sweden, the UK, and the US, the paper first assesses cross-national
 variation in the direction, magnitude, and composition of the
 part-time/full-time wage differential. Then it analyzes variations across
 these countries in occupational segregation between part- and full-time
 workers. The paper finds a part-time wage penalty among women workers in
 all countries, except Sweden. Other than in Sweden, occupational
 differences between part- and full-time workers dominate the portion of
 the wage gap that is explained by observed differences between the two
 groups of workers. Across countries, the degree of occupational
 segregation between female part- and full-time workers is negatively
 correlated with the position of part-time workers' wages in the full-time
 wage distribution. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Female labor supply, part-time employment, wage differentials, JEL codes: J21, J24, J31, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716649 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716649 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:37-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ebru Kongar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ebru 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kongar 
Title: Is deindustrialization good for women? Evidence from the United States 
Abstract:
  The gender wage gap in the United States narrowed considerably throughout
 the 1980s and then more slowly in the 1990s. Using a decomposition
 methodology and US Current Population Survey data, this study investigates
 the impact of deindustrialization's continuing shift in employment away
 from manufacturing to services on the US gender wage gap between 1990 and
 2001. The study finds that the widening of the gender wage gap in the
 service sector caused a slowdown in the narrowing of the US gender wage
 gap. Within the service sector, two occupational elements affected the
 growing gender wage gap: women's entry into traditionally male occupations
 characterized by high wages and high gender wage differentials that
 resulted in the relative increase in men's wages compared to women's wages
 in these occupations. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Gender wage gap, deindustrialization, service sector, decomposition techniques, JEL Codes: J16, J31, L80, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716680 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716680 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:73-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjiv Gupta 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjiv 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta 
Author-Name: Michael Ash 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ash 
Title: Whose money, whose time? A nonparametric approach to modeling time spent on housework in the United States 
Abstract:
  This paper argues that earlier quantitative research on the relationship
 between heterosexual partners' earnings and time spent on housework has
 two basic flaws: First, it has focused on the effects of women's shares of
 couples' total earnings on housework, not considering the simpler
 possibility of an association between women's absolute earnings and
 housework. Second, it tends to draw uniform inferences across the range of
 data, including regions where the data are sparse. This paper adopts a
 flexible, nonparametric approach to examine this relationship within a US
 context, while not imposing the polynomial specifications on data that
 characterize the two dominant models. The results provide support for an
 alternative model that emphasizes the importance of partners' own earnings
 for their housework, especially in the case of women. Women's earnings are
 negatively associated with their housework hours, independent of their
 partners' earnings and their shares of couples' total earnings. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 93-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Nonparametric regression, household economics, housework, JEL Codes: J1, J16, J22, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716664 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716664 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:93-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bozena Leven 
Author-X-Name-First: Bozena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leven 
Title: Poland's transition and new opportunities for women 
Abstract:
  Since 1990, marketization has fundamentally altered Poland's economy.
 Like many former Soviet bloc countries, Polish prices, wages, and foreign
 trade have been liberalized, and many state assets are now privatized.
 Independent central banks, commercial banking systems, and stock exchanges
 have been formed, and the taxation and legal systems have been
 restructured to support a market economy. The dominant view is that this
 process should benefit most Poles over time. For Polish women, however,
 the first phase of economic transition was a mixed blessing. This paper
 explores their experiences in between 1990 and 2003 and discusses two
 positive, mutually supportive ways that Polish women have benefited during
 transition: First, the segmentation of the labor market has positioned
 women advantageously in the country's key financial sector and
 entrepreneurial ranks. Second, women have benefited from the growth of a
 women's movement. Together, these two processes can be expected to
 accelerate the pace of positive changes for Polish women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 123-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Poland, transition, labor market segmentation, women in the labor market, JEL Codes: J16, J1, P20, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716631 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716631 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:123-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frederic Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederic 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: A Comment on &#x201c;The Citation Impact of Feminist Economics&#x201d; 
Abstract:
  This essay is a comment on&#x201c;The Citation Impact of Feminist
 Economics&#x201d;by Frances Woolley, which appeared in Feminist Economics,
 Vol. 11, No. 3, November 2005. This contribution comments on Frances
 Woolley's recent Feminist Economics article, &#x201c;The Citation Impact
 of Feminist Economics.&#x201d; It points to two avenues through which
 Woolley's article could have better illuminated the extent of Feminist
 Economics' scholarly relationship with the communities of both heterodox
 and mainstream economists: first, she omits several important heterodox
 economic journals in her study, and second, she could have offered a more
 critical evaluation of mainstream journals and economists relative to
 Feminist Economics and feminist economists. This paper uses citation data
 drawn from ten heterodox and ten mainstream journals to identify and build
 on these gaps. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-142 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Feminist economics, heterodox economics, methodology, citations, JEL Codes: B4, B5, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716656 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716656 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:137-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Reply to Frederic Lee's Comment on &#x201c;The Citation Impact of Feminist Economics&#x201d; 
Abstract:
  This essay is a response to &#x201c;A Comment on the Citation Impact of
 Feminist Economics,&#x201d; by Frederic Lee, which appears in this issue
 ofFeminist Economics. Frederic Lee's comment is a valuable addition to our
 understanding of the intellectual interactions between feminist economics
 and other schools of heterodox thought, and demonstrates how much can be
 learned by studying citation patterns. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 143-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Heterodox economics, citations, feminist economics, feminist research, women's studies, JEL Codes: A14, A1, B5, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716730 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701716730 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:143-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Feminist Economic Methodologies 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802028514 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802028514 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fiona Carmichael 
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carmichael 
Author-Name: Claire Hulme 
Author-X-Name-First: Claire 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hulme 
Author-Name: Sally Sheppard 
Author-X-Name-First: Sally 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheppard 
Author-Name: Gemma Connell 
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connell 
Title: Work&#xa0;-&#xa0;life imbalance: Informal care and paid employment in the UK 
Abstract:
  In the United Kingdom, informal carers look after relatives or friends
 who need extra support because of age, physical or learning disability, or
 illness. The burden of informal care work falls on women, who often care
 for longer hours and durations than men. This paper considers the impact
 that caring responsibilities have on women's employment. The research is
 based on a dedicated questionnaire and in-depth interviews with informal
 caregivers. The results suggest that carers' employment is affected by the
 duration of a caring episode, financial considerations, the needs of the
 person they care for, carers' beliefs about the compatibility of informal
 care and paid work, and employers' willingness to accommodate carers'
 needs. Overall, the research confirms that informal carers continue to
 face difficulties when they try to combine employment and care in spite of
 recent policy initiatives designed to help them. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Caregiving, labor supply, unpaid work, JEL Codes: D13, J14, J17, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701881005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701881005 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Philipps 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Philipps 
Title: Silent partners: The role of unpaid market labor in families 
Abstract:
  The term &#x201c;unpaid market labor&#x201d; refers to the direct
 contributions of unpaid family members to market work that officially
 belongs to another member of the household. Thus one individual may be
 construed legally as an owner or entrepreneur, but relatives may help out
 informally with business operations. Likewise, in corporate or
 public-service settings, certain employees rely on the unpaid help of an
 executive spouse or political wife. This paper argues that unpaid market
 labor is conceptually distinct from both paid work and unpaid domestic
 labor. Legal cases from Canada are used to illustrate the policy
 implications of this insight and how dichotomous thinking about the market
 and the family obscures this kind of work. The article discusses insights
 and challenges for feminist political economy in theorizing unpaid market
 labor. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-57 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Gender inequality, taxation, unpaid work, JEL Codes: D13, K34, O17, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701880981 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701880981 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:37-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyn Craig 
Author-X-Name-First: Lyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Craig 
Author-Name: Michael Bittman 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bittman 
Title: The incremental time costs of children: An analysis of children's impact on adult time use in Australia 
Abstract:
  Raising children takes both time and money. Scholars have sought
 convincing ways to capture the costs of children, but even when these
 estimates include indirect costs, such as mothers' foregone earnings, they
 fall short of the true time costs involved. This paper uses data from the
 1997 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey to study how
 the allocation of time differs across households with varying numbers and
 ages of children and how households with children differ from those
 without children. It also examines the intra household division of time
 resources, showing how childcare, related unpaid work, and the total
 market and non-market workloads compare for a couple in the same
 household. It includes secondary activity in an analysis of total parental
 time commitments to give a more accurate picture of the time cost of
 children than is possible on the basis of analyzing
 &#x201c;primary&#x201d; activities alone. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-88 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Children, time use, motherhood, gender equity, secondary activity, JEL Codes: J16, J22, J13, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701880999 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701880999 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:59-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harriet Presser 
Author-X-Name-First: Harriet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Presser 
Author-Name: Hsiao-ye Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiao-ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Title: Women's gender-type occupational mobility in Puerto Rico, 1950&#xa0;&#x2014;&#xa0;80 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of women's mobility
 into and out of male-dominated occupations in Puerto Rico during a period
 of rapid development between the 1950s and the early 1980s. The paper uses
 data from the Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment of
 1982, which includes detailed retrospective calendar histories of women's
 employment and other life-course changes. An event history approach allows
 an examination of the effects of human capital, family status,
 socialization, and opportunity structure in the labor market on women's
 entry into male-dominated occupations and their subsequent shifts to other
 occupations. The findings indicate that women's entry into male-dominated
 occupations increased for first jobs during this period of economic
 development, and there was modest cross gender-type mobility among women
 who experienced job changes. Finally, the variables more directly tapping
 labor-supply factors show stronger effects on women's labor-force behavior
 than those more directly tapping labor-demand factors. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 89-114 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Female labor-force participation, gender, occupational segregation, JEL Codes: J62, J24, N56, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701881088 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701881088 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:89-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers 
Title: Economic importance and statistical significance: Guidelines for communicating empirical research 
Abstract:
  A critical objective for many empirical studies is a thorough evaluation
 of both substantive importance and statistical significance. Feminist
 economists have critiqued neoclassical economics studies for an excessive
 focus on statistical machinery at the expense of substantive issues.
 Drawing from the ongoing debate about the rhetoric of economic inquiry and
 significance tests, this paper examines approaches for presenting
 empirical results effectively to ensure that the analysis is accurate,
 meaningful, and relevant for the conceptual and empirical context. To that
 end, it demonstrates several measurement issues that affect the
 interpretation of economic significance and are commonly overlooked in
 empirical studies. This paper provides guidelines for clearly
 communicating two distinct aspects of &#x201c;significance&#x201d; in
 empirical research, using prose, tables, and charts based on OLS, logit,
 and probit regression results. These guidelines are illustrated with
 samples of ineffective writing annotated to show weaknesses, followed by
 concrete examples and explanations of improved presentation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 117-149 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Economic significance, regression analysis, statistical significance, writing, feminist economics, JEL Codes: Y1, A29, C10, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700701881096 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700701881096 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:117-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Title: The crisis of care, international migration, and public policy 
Abstract:
  Focusing on Europe's reconciliation policies, aimed to balance family and
 labor market work, this paper explores whether some of the legislative
 efforts introduced in Europe during the past decade could be applied to
 Latin American countries with important migrant populations, such as
 Bolivia and Ecuador. This paper argues that there are differences between
 Northern and Southern countries that would influence the effectiveness of
 these kinds of policies in the South. Three differences in
 particular&#xa0;-&#xa0;the availability of domestic service, the extent of
 the informal economy, and international migration&#xa0;-&#xa0;are taken
 into consideration. Using the capabilities approach framework, this paper
 outlines other lines of public policy action that can be useful in
 designing reconciliation policies for the South. Finally, the paper argues
 that there is an urgent need for re-thinking gender equity within the
 emerging gender order across countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-21 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Gender equality, social reproduction, globalization, international migration, capability approach, social policy, JEL Codes: B54 F22, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802081984 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802081984 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:3:p:1-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Kamas 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamas 
Author-Name: Anne Preston 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston 
Author-Name: Sandy Baum 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baum 
Title: Altruism in individual and joint-giving decisions: What's gender got to do with it? 
Abstract:
  This paper uses dictator experiments to examine gender differences in
 altruistic behavior in the United States when decisions are made
 individually and jointly. In anonymous individual giving to charity, women
 give substantially more than men, and in paired settings, mixed-sex groups
 give the most while all male pairs give the least. Evidence supports
 social information and negotiation effects as participants change giving
 toward that of their partners. Social image effects are found only in
 mixed-sex groups, indicating a gender-based component to the value of the
 social signal sent. Although men and women appear to have similar
 influence, the positive social image effect pushes giving in mixed-sex
 pairs above the sum of the members' individual gifts because the less
 altruistic partners (usually men) adjust their giving upward more than the
 more altruistic partners (usually women) reduce giving. Therefore,
 increasing women's participation in traditionally male spheres of decision
 making may result in more altruistic economic behavior. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 23-50 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Altruism, gender, and experimental economics, JEL Codes: D64, J16, C92, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700801986571 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700801986571 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:3:p:23-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorenzo Blanco 
Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanco 
Author-Name: Sandra Villa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villa 
Title: Sources of crime in the state of Veracruz: The role of female labor force participation and wage inequality 
Abstract:
  In recent years, crime has become a serious concern in Mexico as its
 increase has detrimentally affected government institutions and economic
 growth. There is considerable speculation among policy analysts about the
 causes of the increase in crime. Whereas some analysts attribute the
 increase to a rise in income inequality, others believe internal migration
 and a loss of morals are the roots of criminal behavior. This research
 shows that at least for the Mexican state of Veracruz, wage inequality and
 labor force participation have an important impact on crime. When gender
 is considered, however, the impact is more complicated than it seems. An
 increase in women's labor force participation decreases the overall number
 of alleged violent offenders. However, the number of alleged rapists and
 grievous bodily harm offenders increases as women's wage distribution
 improves. The results shed light on the gender dimensions of the economics
 of crime. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 51-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Economics of crime, gender wage inequality, women's labor-force participation, JEL Codes: J16, J31, O54, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802075143 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802075143 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:3:p:51-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kanchana Ruwanpura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kanchana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruwanpura 
Title: Multiple identities, multiple-discrimination: A critical review 
Abstract:
  The concept of multiple-discrimination, particularly as found in the
 labor market, is fast becoming common parlance among policy-making
 circles. Understanding discrimination is no longer about uncovering simple
 and dualistic links between two social groups: it is increasingly apparent
 that the nature and dynamics of discrimination are complex because the
 multiple positions occupied by people are shaped by numerous social
 attributes. Economic theory and economists, however, have hardly addressed
 issues of multiple-discrimination or intersectional discrimination. By
 surveying the economics literature, from orthodoxy to heterodoxy, this
 article shows how economists are lagging behind legal and human rights
 theorists in tackling the issue. A couple of contemporary cases from the
 UK, those of Aishah Azmi and Nadia Eweida, are used in this largely
 critical literature survey to show the value of utilizing a
 multiple-discrimination framework to acknowledge the complexities and
 nuances of labor market reality. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-105 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Intersectional analysis, labor market discrimination, multiple identities, religion, heterodox and orthodox economics, JEL Codes: B5, K, Z1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802035659 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802035659 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:3:p:77-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valeria Esquivel 
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Esquivel 
Author-Name: Debbie Budlender 
Author-X-Name-First: Debbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Budlender 
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre 
Author-Name: Indira Hirway 
Author-X-Name-First: Indira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hirway 
Title: Explorations: Time-use surveys in the south 
Abstract:
  Time-use surveys show how individuals spend their time during the day or
 week, which provides evidence of the gendered division of labor within
 households and the interdependence of women's and men's paid and unpaid
 work. Time-use experts in the South face similar challenges to those
 working in other countries, but they also have to come to terms with the
 restrictions faced in less developed contexts&#xa0;-&#xa0;notably higher
 illiteracy rates and limited statistical budgets. These Explorations bring
 together contributions from three experts on time-use survey design and
 administration working in three diverse Southern regions to highlight the
 ongoing processes of learning-by-doing and of building local expertise in
 these regions. Their discussion of methodological and logistical issues
 holds particular relevance for developing countries moving toward the
 implementation of time-use surveys. It also bears on more general feminist
 concerns regarding the classification and measurement of unpaid care. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 107-152 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Survey research, time budget surveys, unpaid work, JEL Codes: C81, J22, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802075135 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802075135 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:3:p:107-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Conrad 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conrad 
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Title: The AIDS Epidemic: Challenges for Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
  Feminist economics can provide critical insights into understanding the
 HIV/AIDS epidemic&#xa0;-&#xa0;the disease's progression, its microeconomic
 and macroeconomic impacts, and the effectiveness of policy interventions.
 Yet, relatively little work has been or is being done by feminist
 economists on HIV/AIDS. In this paper, the editors briefly survey the
 recent social science literature on the gendered nature of the epidemic
 and identify key constructs of feminist economic theory that might be
 productively applied to understanding HIV/AIDS. For example, an analysis
 of safe sex within a game-theoretic bargaining framework would highlight
 the limitations of prevention efforts that focus on changing individual
 behavior and underscore the impact of gendered institutions on women's
 likelihood of infection and access to treatment. A gendered analysis of
 the microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS would contribute
 to a fuller understanding of the disease's impact on economic well-being.
 This paper challenges feminist economists to address these important
 research questions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-18 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, care work, macroeconomic models, health economics, JEL Codes: I0, O1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262998 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262998 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:1-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass 
Title: Gender and Access to Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the gender dimensions of access to highly active
 antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in South Africa. It shows that women are
 more vulnerable to HIV infection than men, but that women access HAART in
 disproportionately large numbers. Regression analysis on data from the
 South African Demographic and Health Survey suggests that men in general
 access health services less readily than women. This 'masculinity factor'
 accounts for most of the difference between men and women when it comes to
 accessing HAART. Although men were more likely to favor traditional
 medicine than women, this was not a statistically significant factor, and
 it appears that visiting a traditional healer is complementary to, rather
 than a substitute for, accessing HAART. In short, it seems that gendered
 norms that make it difficult for men to admit weakness and seek medical
 attention are the main probable cause for the low proportions of men
 accessing HAART. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 19-36 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: AIDS, antiretroviral, South Africa, gender, healthcare, JEL Codes: I, J, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802266452 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802266452 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:19-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alys Willman 
Author-X-Name-First: Alys 
Author-X-Name-Last: Willman 
Title: Safety First, Then Condoms: Commercial Sex, Risky Behavior, and the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Managua, Nicaragua 
Abstract:
  This study analyzes the commercial sex market in Managua, Nicaragua, to
 understand risky behavior among sex workers. While health risks are a
 major concern for sex workers, the risk of violence weighs more heavily in
 decision making, such that they more often take risks to their health than
 to their immediate, physical well-being. These concerns are reflected in
 the lower premiums sex workers charge for unprotected sex (39 percent more
 for vaginal sex without a condom) compared with risks of violence, such as
 accompanying a client to an unknown place (a 118 percent premium). Risk
 behaviors reflect a rational calculation of actual risk: while only 9
 percent of the sample knew anyone diagnosed with HIV, nearly 44 percent of
 sex workers had been assaulted. These observations indicate the need to
 consider sex workers' physical safety in policies to contain the spread of
 HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 37-65 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Nicaragua, risky behavior, violence, HIV/AIDS, public policy, sex work, JEL Codes: A1, B54, D81, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262931 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262931 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:37-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eileen Stillwaggon 
Author-X-Name-First: Eileen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stillwaggon 
Title: Race, Sex, and the Neglected Risks for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa 
Abstract:
  Global AIDS policy has failed to stop the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan
 Africa because prevention programs are limited by an unscientific theory
 of disease causation, which assumes that differences in HIV prevalence
 among populations are adequately explained by variation in rates of unsafe
 sexual behaviors. But differences in sexual behavior cannot explain
 250-fold differences in HIV prevalence among countries and increasing
 divergence in incidence. Such disparities point to biological
 characteristics of the pathogen, the host, and the environment, all of
 which influence individual risk of infection and the spread of infectious
 diseases in populations. This paper explores the ways in which Western
 constructions of race and sexuality have drawn attention to sexual
 behavior alone and away from scientific evidence of biological risk
 factors that increase HIV transmission in poor populations. Much of the
 discussion addresses sub-Saharan Africa, but the biological implications
 could apply to poor people in other regions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 67-86 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Gender, HIV/AIDS, race, JEL Codes: I12, I1, I, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262923 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262923 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:67-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Johnston 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston 
Title: Bias, Not Error: Assessments of the Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS Using Evidence from Micro Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa 
Abstract:
  Economists struggle to understand the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS.
 To this end, they have constructed macro models that utilize simplified
 pictures of the working of the economy and then factor in channels by
 which HIV/AIDS will have an effect. These models have considerable
 influence on HIV/AIDS policy; however, they do have their critics.
 Criticisms in the literature have focused on the simplifications in the
 construction of the economy that seem most misleading. Using micro studies
 of sub-Saharan Africa as examples, this contribution argues that there are
 other important simplifications used by models that need to be
 reconsidered. Rather than a series of unconnected errors in the modeling
 process, the approaches show pervasive gender bias, which means that many
 of the impacts of greater female mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan
 Africa are ignored. Gender-aware modeling is crucial to improving
 assessment of the aggregate impact of the pandemic both in sub-Saharan
 Africa and elsewhere. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-115 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Gender economics, growth, HIV/AIDS, macroeconomics, reproduction, JEL Codes: E27, I10, O47, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262915 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262915 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:87-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olagoke Akintola 
Author-X-Name-First: Olagoke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akintola 
Title: Unpaid HIV/AIDS Care in Southern Africa: Forms, Context, and Implications 
Abstract:
  Across southern Africa, policy-makers are promoting home-based care for
 HIV/AIDS patients as a cheaper alternative to hospital care. However, cost
 studies have not sufficiently considered the costs and benefits to all
 stakeholders in home-based care.1 Drawing on existing literature, this
 study shows that available data are grossly inadequate for a comprehensive
 assessment of the cost-effectiveness of home-based care. Previous studies
 have largely ignored many of the costs associated with home-based care,
 which is currently borne by unpaid caregivers&#xa0;-&#xa0;predominantly
 women&#xa0;-&#xa0;as well as the value of their unpaid labor. This study
 questions the assumption that home-based care is cheaper than hospital
 care and the wisdom of enacting home-based care policies. This study
 argues that conclusions about the cheaper form of care can be drawn only
 by assessing all of the costs, benefits, and utility derived by all
 stakeholders in home-based care. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 117-147 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Care cost, unpaid care, home-based care, PLWHA, caregiving, HIV/AIDS, JEL Codes: H31, I18, J17, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802263004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802263004 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:117-147




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dolores Pourette 
Author-X-Name-First: Dolores 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pourette 
Title: Migratory Paths, Experiences of HIV/AIDS, and Sexuality: African Women Living withHIV/AIDS in France 
Abstract:
  The AIDS epidemic in Europe includes a growing number of women who have
 emigrated from sub-Saharan Africa. This contribution presents the results
 of a qualitative anthropological study on African women living with
 HIV/AIDS in France. It shows how their migratory
 paths&#xa0;-&#xa0;including the reasons for their migration and their
 social and administrative situation in the country&#xa0;-&#xa0;can have
 varying influences on how the disease is experienced in the context of
 migration. Married women who have established long-term residence in
 France experience HIV/AIDS as essentially a conjugal issue that can
 reinforce unequal relations between partners. For women who discovered
 they were HIV positive shortly after arriving in France, HIV/AIDS leads to
 social isolation, altered migratory plans, and greater vulnerability. For
 those who migrated to access medical treatment, the virus is the driving
 force behind the migratory strategies and a new socialization in France
 built around HIV/AIDS. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 149-181 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: Migration, HIV/AIDS, African women, gender, sexuality, JEL Codes: I1, I18, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262949 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262949 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:149-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lanyan Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Lanyan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Gendering China's Strategy against HIV/AIDS: Findings from a Research Project in Guangdong Province 
Abstract:
  This analysis explores the potential influence of gender inequalities on
 the sex ratio of HIV/AIDS infections in China. The sex ratio is
 characterized by faster increases in sexually transmitted infections among
 women and includes the spread of HIV/AIDS from men to women. This
 contribution combines the findings of a research project in Guangdong
 Province, conducted between 2001 and 2002, with a range of government and
 academic sources to examine gender differences in sexuality and
 HIV/AIDS-related attitudes and behaviors, the impact of contradictory
 policies on women, and demands for services and social support. The study
 suggests priority areas for policy-makers and argues that, while China's
 action against HIV/AIDS has achieved remarkable results, there is still a
 need for further action. This includes a need to harmonize policies;
 increase services and social support, especially through civil society
 organizations and peer-help groups; and encourage men's involvement in the
 protection of women's rights. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 183-211 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
Keywords: China, HIV/AIDS, sexuality, gender inequality, JEL Codes: N, N4, N45, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262956 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262956 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:183-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Title: Reclaiming Our Lives: HIV and AIDS, Women's Land and Property Rights and Livelihoods in southern and East Africa&#xa0;-&#xa0;Narratives and Responses 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 213-216 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262964 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262964 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:213-216




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manisha Shah 
Author-X-Name-First: Manisha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah 
Title: Making Sex Work: A Failed Experiment with Legalized Prostitution 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 216-218 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262972 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262972 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:216-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers 
Title: Econometrics, Statistics and Computational Approaches in Food and Health Sciences 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 219-221 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802262980 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802262980 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:219-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ajay Mahal 
Author-X-Name-First: Ajay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahal 
Title: The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight against AIDS 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 222-226 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802263541 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802263541 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:222-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janeen Baxter 
Author-X-Name-First: Janeen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baxter 
Author-Name: Belinda Hewitt 
Author-X-Name-First: Belinda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewitt 
Author-Name: Mark Western 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Western 
Title: Who Uses Paid Domestic Labor in Australia? Choice and Constraint in Hiring Household Help 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates why some Australian households use paid help with
 domestic labor while others do not. Consistent with earlier studies, the
 analysis examines hypotheses relating to resources, objective demand, and
 gender attitudes. Additionally, this paper examines the impact of
 attitudes toward using paid domestic labor, an area that has not been
 investigated previously. The findings suggest that resources and objective
 demand provide the parameters within which employing household help is
 made possible or necessary, but beliefs about the appropriateness of this
 strategy also play a role in determining whether Australian households use
 paid domestic labor. The paper concludes that understanding whether
 Australian households pay for domestic help is dependent not just on the
 level of resources and objective demand but also on whether individuals
 view paid domestic help as an appropriate strategy for undertaking
 domestic work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-26 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Paid domestic labor, housework, attitudes, gender, JEL Codes: J12, J16, J22, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802248989 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802248989 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:1-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Dema-Moreno 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dema-Moreno 
Title: Behind the negotiations: Financial decision-making processes in Spanish dual-income couples 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on how dual-income heterosexual couples make
 financial decisions. Dual-income households have increased considerably in
 the last three decades in most developed countries. The study was based in
 Spain and involved qualitative interviews with couples, with each couple
 interviewed together and separately. This innovative technique allows
 researchers to study financial decision-making processes and to detect
 gender inequalities that may appear during negotiations. Analysis of
 decision making among the couples in the sample provides evidence that,
 despite claims of equality, not all decisions are negotiated or made by
 consensus. On the contrary, decisions are often the consequence of
 established social norms, and, frequently, there are issues that couples
 exclude from negotiation. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Money, dual-earner couples, family, gender inequality, intra-household allocation, JEL Codes: A14, B54, D1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802620575 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802620575 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:27-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Corinne Boyles 
Author-X-Name-First: Corinne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boyles 
Author-Name: Aiko Shibata 
Author-X-Name-First: Aiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shibata 
Title: Job Satisfaction, Work Time, and Well-Being Among Married Women in Japan 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the relationship between paid work time and other
 time use of working married women with children in Japan and two aspects
 of well-being: job satisfaction and stress. The study demonstrates that
 rather than the amount of daily paid work time, both the gap between
 actual and desired work time and the intrinsic utility derived from paid
 work as an activity appear to be the key time-related variables affecting
 Japanese women's job satisfaction. The paper also shows that paid work
 time has multiple spillover effects on stress. It discusses the tradeoffs
 that married women with children in Japan make to stay in employment and
 the consequences for employer strategies and public policy. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 57-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Job satisfaction, stress, time use, well-being, work time, JEL Codes: J2, J22, J28, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802629378 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802629378 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:57-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stella Gonzalez-Arnal 
Author-X-Name-First: Stella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Arnal 
Author-Name: Majella Kilkey 
Author-X-Name-First: Majella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kilkey 
Title: Contextualizing rationality: Mature student carers and higher education in England 
Abstract:
  In England, the Government has implemented policies to increase and
 diversify participation in higher education (HE). Changes in funding
 arrangements that shift the burden of paying for education from the state
 to individuals have also been introduced. To reconcile the contradiction
 between widening participation and the individualization of the costs of
 study, HE is being framed as a risk-free and individualized financial
 investment. Informed by critiques from feminist economics and the
 philosophy of &#x201c;rational economic man,&#x201d; this paper argues
 that the government's HE policies are permeated by a narrow concept of
 reason and presuppose highly individualized, instrumental, and economic
 actors. Drawing on the findings from two studies conducted at the
 University of Hull, this paper demonstrates how this understanding of
 human behavior is incongruent with the experiences of one group of
 students&#xa0;-&#xa0;mature student carers&#xa0;-&#xa0;whose life choices
 are informed by their caring responsibilities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 85-111 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Higher education, mature students, rational economic man, care, gender, rationality, JEL Codes: I28, J16, I2, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802528323 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802528323 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:85-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kari Eika 
Author-X-Name-First: Kari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eika 
Title: The Challenge of Obtaining Quality Care: Limited Consumer Sovereignty in Human Services 
Abstract:
  This paper offers a conceptual analysis of the problem of quality in
 human services: in elementary school, psychiatric care, and the health and
 social care of children, the elderly, and the intellectually disabled.
 Geriatric nursing home patients are used as a case. These care recipients
 cannot enforce their legal right to quality service; their
 quality-effective demand is low. Formal economic analyses often
 characterize the weak position of the care recipient as an information
 asymmetry problem. An additional obstacle, however, is the recipient's
 inability to safeguard her personal interest due to physical, mental, or
 social incapacities; that is, &#x201c;limited consumer
 sovereignty.&#x201d; Incapacitated individuals cannot enforce quality even
 when quality information is available. This creates a fundamental
 incentive problem in the monitoring of quality. They also depend on
 services that are complex and non-verifiable, making external monitoring
 difficult. This paper presents a typology of measures to increase the
 quality pressure facing providers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 113-137 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Consumer sovereignty, care quality, human services, impaired consumers, quality-effective demand, public supervision, JEL Codes: I1, I11, I18, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802446658 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802446658 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:113-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariama Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariama 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: Trading Women's Health and Rights? Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Health in Developing Economies 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 139-143 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802620583 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802620583 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:139-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahra Razavi 
Author-X-Name-First: Shahra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Razavi 
Title: Everywhere/Nowhere: Gender Mainstreaming in Development Agencies 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 144-147 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802607069 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802607069 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:144-147




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lilja Mosesdottir 
Author-X-Name-First: Lilja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mosesdottir 
Title: Gendering the Knowledge Economy: Comparative Perspectives 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 147-151 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802607036 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802607036 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:147-151




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane Perrons 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrons 
Title: Gender and Social Policy in a Global Context: Uncovering the Gendered Structure of the Social 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-155 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802607044 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802607044 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:151-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen 
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen 
Title: Ethics and the Market: Insights from Social Economics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 155-158 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802607051 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802607051 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:155-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kanchana Ruwanpura 
Author-X-Name-First: Kanchana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruwanpura 
Title: Gender, Generation and Poverty: Exploring the 'Feminisation of Poverty' in Africa, Asia and Latin America 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 158-163 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802607960 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802607960 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:158-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Oya 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oya 
Author-Name: John Sender 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sender 
Title: Divorced, Separated, and Widowed Women Workers in Rural Mozambique 
Abstract:
  A remarkably high proportion of women wage workers in rural Mozambique
 are divorced, separated, or widowed. This paper explores the factors
 underlying the difference between the marital status of these wage workers
 and other rural women in Mozambique and establishes a strong relationship
 between labor-market participation and female divorce or widowhood. The
 association is likely to work in both directions. Moreover, contrastive
 exploration suggests that divorced and separated women differ from
 partnered women in many other important respects: they tend to have access
 to better jobs, and divorced and separated mothers are also remarkably
 good at investing in their daughters' education compared with other
 mothers and male respondents. This paper concludes by stressing the limits
 of regression techniques in teasing out causation and interactions between
 variables, and by suggesting that policies to increase women's access to
 decently paid wage employment could make a substantial difference to the
 welfare of very poor rural sub-Saharan African women and their children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-31 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Divorce, labor markets, education, Africa, Mozambique, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902729516 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902729516 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pascale Joassart-Marcelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Pascale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Joassart-Marcelli 
Title: The Spatial Determinants Of Wage Inequality: Evidence From Recent Latina Immigrants In Southern California 
Abstract:
  Recent Latina immigrants to the United States earn lower hourly wages
 than any other broad demographic group. This paper investigates the role
 space and scale play in shaping the employment opportunities and wages
 this group receives in Southern California relative to others there.
 Results suggest that, although individual factors such as education,
 experience, and ability to speak English are important, spatial forces
 also influence wages. Access to jobs, particularly low-skilled jobs and
 those held by Latinos, as well as ethnic neighborhood networks, explain a
 large share of the variation in hourly wages. The paper provides evidence
 that labor-market scales differ across groups within US metropolitan
 areas, with recent Latina immigrants being more geographically constrained
 and hence more dependent on local opportunities and resources than other
 workers, with the exception of black women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-72 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Immigration, feminist geography, spatial mismatch, wage disparities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902748250 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902748250 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:33-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mildred Warner 
Author-X-Name-First: Mildred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warner 
Title: (Not) Valuing Care: A Review of Recent Popular Economic Reports on Preschool in the US 
Abstract:
  Recently, a series of popular economics &#x201c;Invest in Kids&#x201d;
 (IIK) reports in the United States has called for increased investment in
 children's early education. These national reports articulate a new
 concept, the &#x201c;public finance value&#x201d; of children, and argue
 for increased investment in preschool because of its positive impact on
 the long-term fiscal health of the nation. This paper analyzes the IIK
 reports from 2003-6 to assess their attention to the multidimensional
 aspects of early care and education (ECE) in the US. Although the reports
 evaluate increased investment in preschool, they fail to recognize the
 need for a comprehensive system of ECE that includes support for childcare
 and the unpaid care and education provided by parents. As a result, the
 reports undervalue the contributions of women and of the ECE sector
 itself. Feminist economics offers a broader perspective that would help
 the IIK authors avoid conceptual traps and recognize the need for more
 comprehensive reforms. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Childcare, fiscal imbalance, economic development, JEL Codes: A13, D1, D3, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802699512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802699512 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karin Schonpflug 
Author-X-Name-First: Karin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonpflug 
Title: Sexual Orientation Discrimination: An International Perspective, edited by Lee Badgett and Jefferson Frank. New York and London: Routledge, 2007. 322 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-77023-1, ISBN-10: 0-415-77023-8 US$150.00 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-103 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902763028 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902763028 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:97-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ranjula Bali Swain 
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjula 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bali Swain 
Title: Money With a Mission, Volume 1: Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, by James Copestake, Martin Greely, Susan Johnson, Naila Kabeer, and Anton Simanowitz. Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action, 2006. 272 pp. ISBN-13: 978-1853396144 (pbk). US$33.95. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-106 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802698613 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802698613 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:103-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Durano 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Durano 
Title: The Feminist Economics of Trade, edited by Irene van Staveren, Diana Elson, Caren Grown and Nilufer Ca&#x11f;atay. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 328 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0415770590. ISBN-10: 0415770599 (hbk.). US$75.60. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 106-110 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802698597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802698597 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:106-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juanita Elias 
Author-X-Name-First: Juanita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elias 
Title: Assembling Women: The Feminization of Global Manufacturing. Teri Caraway, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2007. 224pp. ISBN 978 0 8014 7365 4. Price, $18.95(pbk) $55.00 (hbk) 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 110-113 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802698589 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802698589 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:110-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drucilla Barker 
Author-X-Name-First: Drucilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barker 
Title: Matrilineal Communities, Patriarchal Realities: A Feminist Nirvana Uncovered, by Kanchana N. Ruwanpura. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006. 256 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-472-06977-4, ISBN-10: 0-472-06977-2 (pbk.). US$22.95 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 113-115 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902766906 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902766906 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:113-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns 
Title: Valuing Children: Rethinking the Economics of the Family, by Nancy Folbre. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press, 2008. 248 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0674026322 (hbk.). US$45.00 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 116-120 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902763036 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902763036 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:116-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fran Bennett 
Author-X-Name-First: Fran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett 
Title: Modern Couples, Sharing Money, Sharing Life,edited by Janet Stocks, Capitolina Diaz, Bjorn Hallerod. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 200 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0230517028, ISBN-10: 0230517021 (hbk.) US$74.95 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 120-125 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802698605 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802698605 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:120-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Sagrario Floro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Sagrario 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro 
Title: Global Perspectives on Gender Equality, Reversing the Gaze, by Naila Kabeer and Agneta Stark with Edda Magnus. New York: Routledge, 2007. 312 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0415963497 (hbk.). US$95.00. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-130 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902773456 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902773456 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:125-130




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susana Martinez-Rodriguez 
Author-X-Name-First: Susana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Rodriguez 
Title: Mujeres economistas: Las aportaciones de las mujeres a la ciencia economica y a su divulgacion durante los siglos XIX y XX [Women Economists: Women's Contributions to the Economic Sciences and Advancement during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries] 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 130-137 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902736594 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902736594 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:130-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers 
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Title: Feminist Economics of Inequality, Development, and Growth 
Abstract:
  This study examines connections between intergroup inequality and
 macroeconomic outcomes, considering various channels through which gender,
 growth, and development interact. It upholds the salience not only of
 equality in opportunities but also equality in outcomes. The contribution
 argues that inequalities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and class
 undermine the ability to provision and expand capabilities, and it
 examines the macroeconomic policies that are likely to promote broadly
 shared development. It explores how the macroeconomy acts as a structure
 of constraint in achieving gender equality and in turn how gender
 relations in areas like education and wage gaps can have macro-level
 impacts. Further, it underscores that the interaction of the macroeconomy
 and gender relations depends on the structure of the economy, the nature
 of job segregation, the particular measure of gender inequality, and a
 country's international relations. Finally, it outlines policies for
 promoting gender equality as both an intrinsic goal and a step toward
 improving well-being. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-33 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Development, growth, inequality, gender, macroeconomic policy, feminist economics, JEL CODES: 04, J3, E0, B54, D30, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903093524 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903093524 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:1-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane Elson 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson 
Title: Gender Equality and Economic Growth in the World Bank World Development Report 2006 
Abstract:
  This contribution examines how gender equality features in the World
 Bank's World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development, focusing on
 its conceptual framework, use of empirical evidence, and policy
 recommendations. It concludes that despite acknowledging that
 liberalization and privatization have been captured by elites for their
 own benefit, the report still clings to a neoclassical understanding of
 how markets and competition work. Moreover, although the report emphasizes
 gender inequality in opportunities as a trap that hinders economic growth,
 it shows no understanding of economic growth as a gendered process in
 which old forms of gender inequality are weakened but new forms of gender
 inequality emerge. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 35-59 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Economic development, economic growth, equality, gender, World Bank, JEL Codes: B54, D63, O1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902964303 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902964303 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:35-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthias Busse 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Busse 
Author-Name: Peter Nunnenkamp 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nunnenkamp 
Title: Gender Disparity in Education and the International Competition for Foreign Direct Investment 
Abstract:
  With few exceptions, the empirical literature on foreign direct
 investment (FDI) continues to be gender blind. This paper contributes to
 filling this gap by assessing the importance of gender inequality in
 education as a determinant of FDI. The authors estimate a standard gravity
 model on bilateral FDI flows that is augmented by educational variables,
 including different measures of gender inequality in education. The
 analysis covers an unprecedented number of both host and source countries
 of FDI, thereby reducing the risk of distorted results because of a sample
 selection bias. The results support the view that foreign investors are
 more likely to favor locations where education-related gender disparities
 are small. However, the discouraging effects of gender disparity on FDI
 are restricted to middle-income (rather than low-income) developing host
 countries and to investors from developed (rather than developing)
 countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-90 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Foreign direct investment, gender inequality, education, JEL Codes: F23, I21, J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802528315 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802528315 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:61-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Francesca Lamanna 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamanna 
Title: The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries 
Abstract:
  Using cross-country and panel regressions, we investigate to what extent
 gender gaps in education and employment (proxied using gender gaps in
 labor force participation) reduce economic growth. Using the most recent
 data and investigating an extended time period (1960-2000), we update the
 results of previous studies on education gaps on growth and extend the
 analysis to employment gaps using panel data. We find that gender gaps in
 education and employment considerably reduce economic growth. The combined
 &#x201c;costs&#x201d; of education and employment gaps in the Middle East
 and North Africa, and South Asia amount respectively to 0.9-1.7 and
 0.1-1.6 percentage point differences in growth compared to East Asia.
 Gender gaps in employment appear to have an increasing effect on economic
 growth differences between regions, with the Middle East and North Africa,
 and South Asia suffering from slower growth in female employment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-132 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Economic development, economic growth, economics of gender, JEL Codes: J7, J16, O4, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902893106 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902893106 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:91-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ajit Zacharias 
Author-X-Name-First: Ajit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zacharias 
Author-Name: Melissa Mahoney 
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahoney 
Title: Do Gender Disparities in Employment Increase Profitability? Evidence from the United States 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates whether the contribution of the declining share
 of wages in national income to the upswing in profitability between 1982
 and 1997 in the United States was aided by the growing incorporation of
 women into employment. The analysis finds that women helped moderate the
 decline in the aggregate wage share. The reduction in gender pay disparity
 overwhelmed the negative effect of women's growing share of market work on
 the wage share. However, in (one-digit) sectors where wage shares fell,
 women did not contribute to restraining the fall, indicating that the
 aggregate outcome was the net result of distinct sectoral trends in
 women's employment conditions. We argue that the perverse process of labor
 productivity falling faster than the real wage in the service sector may
 have played a key role in shaping the aggregate outcome. The post-1997
 trends in the US are discussed in a postscript. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 133-161 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Profitability, feminization of the labor force, gender wage gap, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802712497 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802712497 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:133-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sai Ding 
Author-X-Name-First: Sai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding 
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Author-Name: Shi Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: Women's Employment and Family Income Inequality during China's Economic Transition 
Abstract:
  Economic reforms and trade liberalization have brought profound changes
 to the Chinese labor market. In this paper, we apply the technique of
 decomposing the coefficient of variation to examine the impact of changes
 in married women's employment and earnings on income inequality among
 Chinese urban households. Using the Chinese Household Income Surveys from
 1988, 1995, and 2002, we explore the differences between two phases of
 economic transition: the gradualist reform period (1988-1995) and the
 radical reform period (1995-2002). Our analysis shows that the
 public-sector labor retrenchment of the late 1990s has led to a drastic
 decline in the employment rates of women, especially those married to
 low-earning husbands, and the change in women's employment was a major
 force driving income inequality in post-restructuring urban China. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-190 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Income inequality, assortative mating, women's employment, China, JEL Codes: D13, J16, P21, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700802526541 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700802526541 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:163-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uma Rani 
Author-X-Name-First: Uma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rani 
Author-Name: Jeemol Unni 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeemol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Unni 
Title: Do Economic Reforms InfluenceHome-Based Work? Evidence from India 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes the factors that influence the conditions under which
 a woman in India participates as a home-based worker using secondary level
 data at the micro level. At the macro level, the paper analyzes whether
 trade and industrial liberalization in India led to an increase in
 subcontracted work, of the home-based variety. The results show a
 historically high share of women in home-based work, which implies that
 female participation in such work was more likely to be determined by
 their cultural milieu than by the recent liberalization process. Further,
 while the micro model of social determinants appears to fit the female
 home-based work equation, the macro model is found to be insignificant.
 The lower but increasing share of male home-based work and the statistical
 significance of the macro model as a determinant of such work lead us to
 conclude that the economic reforms in India had a statistically
 significant impact on this form of production organization among men. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 191-225 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Data-gathering techniques, economic reform, flexible labor, gender inequality, home-based workers, labor process, JEL Codes: J4, J7, J8, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902835586 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902835586 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:191-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernadette Mukhwana Wanjala 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernadette Mukhwana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wanjala 
Author-Name: Maureen Were 
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Were 
Title: Gender Disparities and Economic Growth in Kenya: A Social Accounting Matrix Approach 
Abstract:
  Realizing high economic growth and generating gainful employment present
 major challenges for Kenya. This paper analyzes the gendered employment
 outcomes of various investment options in Kenya using Social Accounting
 Matrix multiplier analysis. Results reveal that Kenya's agriculture sector
 accounts for the highest increase in employee compensation (mainly
 benefiting skilled labor and disproportionately benefiting men), while its
 manufacturing sector accounts for the largest share of job creation.
 Although women stand to benefit more from employment creation, most of
 these new jobs are informal with low wages. Kenya's gender disparities are
 a reflection of existing disparities in its labor market and socioeconomic
 structure. Therefore, policies aimed at addressing the constraints that
 limit women's effective participation in the Kenyan labor market,
 including increasing productivity and raising women's skills, are
 important for allowing men and women to benefit equally from employment
 and growth-promoting opportunities. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 227-251 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Employment, gender analysis, social accounting, JEL Code: J16, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902893114 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902893114 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:227-251




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanne Koopman 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koopman 
Title: Globalization, Gender, and Poverty in the Senegal River Valley 
Abstract:
  In an impressive attempt to guarantee food security, well over two
 billion dollars have been invested in the modernization of the agrarian
 economy in the Senegal River Valley. But, even though two huge dams and
 thousands of village-based irrigation schemes have been constructed since
 the late 1970s, food security is still as illusive as ever. This study
 attempts to explain why. In doing so it focuses on the impact of
 donor-dominated macro-structural change on gender and class relations.
 This analytical perspective has two benefits: First, it reveals the risks
 posed by foreign domination of development programs for different segments
 of the rural population. Second, it points to a critical element in a new
 approach to improving farm productivity and food
 security&#xa0;-&#xa0;improving women's access to land and technology. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 253-285 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Foreign aid, structural adjustment, food security, women's land rights, inequality, JEL Codes: N57, Q01, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902920370 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902920370 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:253-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rizwana Siddiqui 
Author-X-Name-First: Rizwana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siddiqui 
Title: Modeling Gender Effects of Pakistan's Trade Liberalization 
Abstract:
  This study uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model specially
 constructed for investigating gender dimensions of the effects of trade
 liberalization in Pakistan in both production and consumption. The model
 employs various indicators to measure the gendered impacts, including
 income poverty (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke [FGT] Indices), time poverty
 (leisure), capability poverty (literacy and infant mortality), and welfare
 (Equivalent Variation [EV]). The simulation results show that
 revenue-neutral trade liberalization in Pakistan increased women's
 employment in unskilled jobs and increased women's real wage income more
 than men's for all types of labor, but kept the division of labor biased
 against women. The study finds that Pakistan's trade liberalization
 adversely affected women in relatively poor households by increasing their
 workload, deteriorating capabilities, and increasing relative income
 poverty. However, the effects remained gender neutral or favored women in
 the richest group of households. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 287-321 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Capabilities, gender, poverty, trade liberalization, JEL Codes: C68, J16, O24, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902964295 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902964295 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:287-321




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yelena Takhtamanova 
Author-X-Name-First: Yelena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Takhtamanova 
Author-Name: Eva Sierminska 
Author-X-Name-First: Eva 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sierminska 
Title: Gender, Monetary Policy, and Employment: The Case of Nine OECD Countries 
Abstract:
  In many countries, low and stable inflation is the focus of monetary
 policy. Recent empirical evidence from developing countries indicates,
 however, that the costs of reducing inflation are disproportionately borne
 by women. This paper seeks to determine whether a similar pattern is
 evident in nine Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Economic
 Development (OECD) countries, using quarterly data for 1980-2004. The
 study examines economy-wide and sectoral employment effects by gender by
 utilizing two methodologies: single equation regression and vector
 autoregression analysis. Results indicate that the link between monetary
 policy instruments (short-term interest rates) and employment in the
 industrial countries under investigation is weak and does not vary by
 gender. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 323-353 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Gender, employment, monetary policy, inflation, OECD countries, JEL Codes: E4, E5, J1, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700902893122 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700902893122 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:3:p:323-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Advances in Feminist Economic Inquiry 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903210763 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903210763 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie Adams 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams 
Author-Name: Julie Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: The Economics of Nursing: Articulating Care 
Abstract:
  Nurses in many industrialized countries are under pressure to prove that
 the care they provide is cost effective and an appropriate use of scarce
 healthcare funding. Attempts to describe what nursing care involves,
 however, have not yet resulted in a generally accepted articulation that
 is fully up to this task. This essay analyzes how Cartesian dualisms of
 mind versus body and knowledge versus virtue have contributed to the
 inadequacy of many current descriptions of nursing. The authors explore
 how a non-dualistic, practice-enhancing rhetoric might be developed,
 particularly in light of healthcare finance issues affecting
 college-educated nurses in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the
 United Kingdom. The authors present a diagram as a suggested tool for
 thinking that may help bring attention to neglected and undervalued
 aspects of nursing care. Special challenges in geriatric care are
 discussed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-29 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Nursing, health economics, aging, Cartesianism, body, care, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903153971 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903153971 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anu Rammohan 
Author-X-Name-First: Anu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rammohan 
Author-Name: Meliyanni Johar 
Author-X-Name-First: Meliyanni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johar 
Title: The Determinants of Married Women's Autonomy in Indonesia 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the determinants of married women's autonomy in
 Indonesia using the 2000 Indonesian Family Life Survey 3 (IFLS3). It
 considers the role of kinship norms and the effect of labor force
 participation on married women's autonomy. The measure of autonomy is
 based on self-reported answers to an array of questions relating to
 decision-making authority in the household. They include own-clothing,
 child-related and personal autonomy, physical mobility, and economic
 autonomy. The analysis examines if variations in women's autonomy are due
 to the prevailing kinship norms related to marriage in the community. In
 keeping with the anthropological literature, the analysis finds that
 living in patrilocal communities reduces physical autonomy for married
 women, whereas living in uxorilocal communities improves personal and
 child-related decision-making autonomy. Estimation results show that labor
 force participation, higher educational attainment, and increases in
 household wealth all have positive effects on married women's autonomy in
 Indonesia. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 31-55 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Female autonomy, kinship norms, labor force participation, Indonesia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903153989 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903153989 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:31-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Romeu Gordo 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Romeu Gordo 
Title: Why Are Women Delaying Motherhood in Germany? 
Abstract:
  German fertility trends show that the average age at which women have
 their first child has increased in recent decades. Moreover, researchers
 have argued that delayed maternity is an important factor in reduced
 fertility. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this
 paper contributes to the debate about maternity timing and reduced
 fertility in Germany by analyzing some of the factors determining the
 delay of motherhood. The results suggest that German women who have
 accumulated more years of education and longer work experience at the time
 of marriage delay motherhood more. On the other hand, women with higher
 labor income and a higher contribution to household income delay
 motherhood less. The results confirm that women consolidate their careers
 before motherhood in order to reduce career costs. Therefore, if fertility
 rates are to be increased in Germany further policies that aim to combine
 women's careers and motherhood need to be developed. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 57-75 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Delay of motherhood, fertility timing, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903153955 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903153955 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uma Sarada Kambhampati 
Author-X-Name-First: Uma Sarada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambhampati 
Title: Child Schooling and Work Decisions in India: The Role of Household and Regional Gender Equity 
Abstract:
  This paper tests three hypotheses about how mothers' autonomy in India
 affects their children's participation in school and the labor market. To
 do so it extends the concept of mothers' autonomy beyond the household to
 include the constraints imposed by the extent of gender equity in the
 regions in which these women live. This study began with the expectation
 that increased autonomy for Indian mothers living in heterosexual
 households would increase child schooling and decrease child work.
 However, the results are mixed, indicating that mother's autonomy can be
 reinforced or constrained by the environment. The paper concludes that
 mothers and fathers in India make different decisions for girls vis-a-vis
 boys and that the variables reflecting mothers' autonomy vary in their
 impact, so that mothers' level of education relative to fathers' is not
 often statistically significant, while mothers' increased contributions to
 household expenditure decrease the probability of schooling and girls'
 work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-112 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Child labor, gender roles, intrahousehold inequality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903153997 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903153997 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:77-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson 
Author-X-Name-First: Therese 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson 
Title: Women and Retirement Pensions: A Research Review 
Abstract:
  The links between women's caring work and access to economic resources
 are particularly critical in the context of widespread public policy
 debates about retirement and pensions, many of which neglect care as a key
 issue for analysis. However, among feminist economists it is widely
 recognized that women's patterns of care provision have adverse
 implications for their access to economic resources in later life. The
 feminist economics literature examines many of the interactions between
 women's caring roles and their access to resources, particularly women's
 capacity to access economic resources through publicly mandated or
 regulated pension schemes. This article reviews research that places
 women's patterns of work and care at the center of analyses of retirement
 pension policy in an effort to provide a summary of research on gender and
 pensions policy and to contrast the extent to which differing
 institutional and policy frameworks accommodate women's caring roles. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 115-145 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Savings, pensions, retirement policy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903153963 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903153963 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lois Joy 
Author-X-Name-First: Lois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Joy 
Title: The 'Woman Question' and Higher Education: Perspectives on Gender and Knowledge Production in America 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 147-151 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154045 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154045 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:147-151




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathryn Reklis 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reklis 
Title: Global Empowerment of Women: Responses to Globalization and Politicized Religions 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-154 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154029 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:151-154




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy Sneeringer 
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sneeringer 
Title: Queer Economics: A Reader 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 154-158 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154003 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:154-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Title: Sex Markets: A Denied Industry 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 158-161 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154037 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154037 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:158-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Giddings 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giddings 
Title: Welfare Transformed: Universalizing Family Policies That Work 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 162-168 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903172617 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903172617 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:162-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adrienne Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Adrienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Title: Remapping Gender in the New Global Order 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 168-172 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154011 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154011 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:168-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: Critical to Care: The Invisible Women in Health Services 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 173-175 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903154052 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903154052 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:15:y:2009:i:4:p:173-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Title: Editorial: Toward a More Inclusive Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903569085 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903569085 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Connelly 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connelly 
Author-Name: Kenneth Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Author-Name: Zhenzhen Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenzhen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Title: The Impact of Circular Migration on the Position of Married Women in Rural China 
Abstract:
  This study examines the impact of migration on women's positions in
 Chinese rural households. A number of studies have found that rural
 Chinese migrant women experience more autonomy and freedom in urban areas
 than they would at home. But do these experiences carry over into marriage
 when they return to rural areas? Using a survey of more than 3,000
 married, rural women in Anhui and Sichuan provinces and controlling for
 potential endogeneity of migration and return, this paper explores four
 main categories of women's status: women's views on male/female
 relationships, women's roles in household decision making, women's
 relationships with their husbands, and women's views concerning parents
 and children. It concludes that for women from Anhui and Sichuan,
 migration has some statistically significant lasting effects on a woman's
 position in the household, though the effects are not always positive, nor
 are they universal. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 3-41 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Women's empowerment, internal migration, Chinese women, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382752 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382752 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:3-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jerome De Henau 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerome 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Henau 
Author-Name: Daniele Meulders 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meulders 
Author-Name: Sile O'Dorchai 
Author-X-Name-First: Sile 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Dorchai 
Title: Maybe Baby: Comparing Partnered Women's Employment and Child Policies in the EU-15 
Abstract:
  This paper examines how child-related public policies influence women's
 employment in Europe. The analysis compares the difference in employment
 status between partnered mothers and nonmothers across the EU-15 using a
 wide range of self-constructed indicators of child policies such as
 childcare provision, parental leave, and tax-cash benefits. Using the
 recycled predictions method, it is possible to isolate the impact of the
 presence of a child from other characteristics likely to influence women's
 labor-market outcomes. Country-specific employment gaps among women are
 computed at different ages for the youngest child, for different outcomes
 (inactivity and part-time or full-time work), and for different levels of
 education. The main conclusion is that when it comes to securing equal
 labor-market access and conditions for mothers of young children and
 non-mothers, public childcare provision has the strongest impact. In the
 absence of public childcare, not even the most highly educated mothers can
 cope. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 43-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Labor-market conditions, social policies, postponement of maternity, synthetic indicators, dual-earner couples, fertility, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382703 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382703 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:43-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ragui Assaad 
Author-X-Name-First: Ragui 
Author-X-Name-Last: Assaad 
Author-Name: Deborah Levison 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levison 
Author-Name: Nadia Zibani 
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zibani 
Title: The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling: Evidence from Egypt 
Abstract:
  In Egypt, girls' work primarily takes the form of domestic tasks, which
 are not considered in many studies of child labor. This paper investigates
 the effect of girls' work on their school attendance. It uses a modified
 bivariate probit approach to estimate the effect of work on schooling
 while allowing for the simultaneous determination of the two outcomes. It
 presents evidence that the substantial burden of girls' domestic work
 leads to lower rates of school attendance. Policies that attempt to ban
 the labor-force work of children will have practically no effect on girls'
 education in Egypt, while interventions reducing the drudgery of household
 labor through, for example, improved water and sanitation infrastructure,
 have better prospects for success. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Child labor, schooling, domestic work, gender, Egypt, household economics, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382729 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382729 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:79-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Adshade 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adshade 
Author-Name: Ian Keay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keay 
Title: Technological and Organizational Change and the Employment of Women: Early Twentieth-Century Evidence from the Ohio Manufacturing Sector 
Abstract:
  Using a data set that tracks the employment and wages of male and female
 production and clerical workers in Ohio from 1914 to 1937, this study
 finds that among manufacturing establishments, female employment and real
 wages rose rapidly throughout this period, particularly within clerical
 occupations. There were also substantial increases in the proportion of
 women in Ohio's manufacturing workforce, and women's wage increases kept
 pace with those of men. After matching the employment and wage data to
 input and output data from Ohio's manufacturing census, the study
 estimates the parameters for industry group translog production functions.
 The estimates indicate that Ohio's manufacturers adopted new
 organizational structures and technologies that favored an increasingly
 intensive use of female clerical labor. The study performs a
 counterfactual exercise that illustrates the extent to which non-neutral
 technological and organizational changes over this period explain the
 observed increases in the employment and remuneration of female clerical
 workers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 129-157 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Female labor-force participation, technological change, firm organization, clerical employment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382711 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382711 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:129-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carole Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Carole 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Title: Market Friendly or Family Friendly? The State and Gender Inequality in Old Age, by Madonna Harrington Meyer and Pamela Herd 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-164 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382745 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382745 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:159-164




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greta Friedemann-Sanchez 
Author-X-Name-First: Greta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedemann-Sanchez 
Title: Strange Reciprocity: Mainstreaming Women's Work in Tepoztlan in the &#x201c;Decade of the New Economy&#x201d;, by Sidney S. Perutz 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 164-168 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903384733 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903384733 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:164-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sile O'Dorchai 
Author-X-Name-First: Sile 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Dorchai 
Title: Contemporary Motherhood: The Impact of Children on Adult Time, by Lyn Craig 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 168-172 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903382737 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903382737 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:168-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judy Wajcman 
Author-X-Name-First: Judy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wajcman 
Title: Gender and the Politics of Time: Feminist Theory and Contemporary Debates, by Valerie Bryson 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 172-175 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903381895 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903381895 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:172-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saranna Thornton 
Author-X-Name-First: Saranna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thornton 
Title: The Women's Movement Against Sexual Harassment, by Carrie N. Baker 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 175-180 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903432748 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903432748 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:1:p:175-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle-Rushton 
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle-Rushton 
Title: Men's Unpaid Work and Divorce: Reassessing Specialization and Trade in British Families 
Abstract:
  Economists have spent a good deal of time examining and trying to explain
 the positive association between female employment and divorce. However,
 in doing so, they have paid very little attention to the behavior of men.
 This paper addresses that oversight. Using data from the 1970 British
 Cohort Study&#xa0;-&#xa0;a study conducted at a time when gendered
 specialization was the normative household arrangement for families with
 small children and when economic theories of marriage and divorce were
 first being developed&#xa0;-&#xa0;this study considers whether and how
 fathers' contributions to unpaid work are associated with divorce.
 Information on fathers' involvement in domestic work and childcare permits
 a deeper exploration of the relationship between mother's employment and
 divorce. Contrary to what gains from specialization and trade predict, the
 findings suggest that fathers' home production stabilizes marriage
 regardless of mothers' employment statuses. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-26 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Economics of the family, female labor-force participation, gender division of labor, unpaid work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903448801 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903448801 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:1-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dante Contreras 
Author-X-Name-First: Dante 
Author-X-Name-Last: Contreras 
Author-Name: Gonzalo Plaza 
Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Plaza 
Title: Cultural Factors in Women's Labor Force Participation in Chile 
Abstract:
  This article analyzes determinants of female participation in the Chilean
 labor force using classic determinants such as age, education, marital
 status, and number of children. The results indicate that the greater a
 woman's education level, the greater her labor participation; that older
 women participate more, though the rate of growth of this effect is
 decreasing; and the number of children that a woman has is negatively
 correlated to her decision to participate in the labor force. The article
 also examines machismo and other cultural values that influence female
 labor participation. The evidence suggests that the more the women have
 internalized machista and conservative cultural values, the less they
 participate in the labor market. Finally, the article concludes that the
 existence of these cultural factors as a group more than compensates for
 the positive effect of human capital variables and is statistically
 associated with low female labor participation in Chile. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 27-46 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Female labor force participation rate, social norms, culture, machismo, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731815 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731815 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:27-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine McDevitt 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: McDevitt 
Title: Women, Real Estate, and Wealth in a Southern US County, 1780-1860 
Abstract:
  In her 1986 book Women and the Law of Property in Early America, Marylynn
 Salmon concludes that the legal and economic changes experienced by early
 national and antebellum (pre-Civil War) United States
 women&#xa0;-&#xa0;which culminated in the passage of married women's
 property acts&#xa0;-&#xa0;were evolutionary rather than revolutionary.
 This paper examines changes in the economic status of women preceding the
 enactment of these statutes by analyzing new and valuable information:
 real-estate deeds and probate records in Henrico County, Virginia.
 Supplementing the diverse, yet limited, international and historical
 evidence on women's wealth holdings, this exploration of the asset
 accumulation of elite, free women in the southern US reveals that women's
 property holdings, personal and real, rose substantially over the
 1780-1860 period. Thus, these results are consistent with those of other
 scholars, such as Marylynn Salmon, who document an increase in early
 national and antebellum women's economic status. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 47-71 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: US women and wealth, assets, real estate, gender differences, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545700903488161 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545700903488161 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:47-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Gradin 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gradin 
Author-Name: Coral del Rio 
Author-X-Name-First: Coral 
Author-X-Name-Last: del Rio 
Author-Name: Olga Canto 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Canto 
Title: Gender Wage Discrimination and Poverty in the EU 
Abstract:
  This paper analyzes the role of gender wage discrimination in household
 poverty rates in several European Union (EU) countries using the European
 Community Household Panel. In order to quantify the impact of
 discrimination on poverty, it proposes the construction of a
 counterfactual distribution of wages where discrimination against women
 has been removed. Using this new wage distribution, the study computes
 total household income and compares poverty rates in the absence of
 discrimination to those actually observed. The results show that, in
 general, discrimination against women plays a determinative role in the
 current levels of poverty in EU countries, although results by country
 show that this role differs in intensity and pattern. Further, the study
 finds that in EU countries the effect of discrimination on poverty risk
 dramatically increases for individuals in households that largely depend
 on working women' earnings. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-109 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Income distribution, labor participation, gender, inequality, poverty, wage discrimination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731831 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731831 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:73-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joonmo Cho 
Author-X-Name-First: Joonmo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho 
Author-Name: Taehee Kwon 
Author-X-Name-First: Taehee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon 
Title: Affirmative Action and Corporate Compliance in South Korea 
Abstract:
  The Affirmative Action Act was introduced in South Korea in 2006 to
 increase female employment and correct discriminatory hiring practices.
 Using the combined data sets of survey and the Act's implementation plan,
 this paper provides logit estimation results to examine empirically how
 political perceptions or attitudes of firms influence corporate
 noncompliance with the Act. According to a corporate personnel manager
 survey, affirmative action was initially pursued as a campaign pledge by
 the liberal party (the Korea Democratic Party) to attract women's votes,
 and took on a looser shape as the government compromised with the business
 sector after an election. A weak enforcement structure ultimately diluted
 the effects of the Act. A logit analysis indicates that noncompliance is
 more probable in companies that perceive affirmative action as part of a
 design to achieve political goals, and compliance is more probable in
 companies that feel it is likely to improve corporate management. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 111-139 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Female employment, affirmative action, corporate compliance, political perception, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731849 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:111-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Charusheela 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charusheela 
Title: Imagining Economics Otherwise: Encounters with Identity/Difference 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731864 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:141-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bronwyn Winter 
Author-X-Name-First: Bronwyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winter 
Title: Feminism, Economics and Utopia: Time Travelling through Paradigms 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 146-151 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731872 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731872 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:146-151




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere 
Title: Assets, Livelihoods, and Social Policy 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731898 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731898 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:151-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valeria Esquivel 
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Esquivel 
Title: Discretionary Time: A New Measure of Freedom 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 154-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731906 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731906 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:154-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tracey Warren 
Author-X-Name-First: Tracey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warren 
Title: Policy for a Change: Local Labour Market Analysis and Gender Equality 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701003731914 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701003731914 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:2:p:159-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caren Grown 
Author-X-Name-First: Caren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grown 
Author-Name: Maria Floro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro 
Author-Name: Diane Elson 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson 
Title: Guest Editors' Note 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-3 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.504367 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.504367 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:1-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Floro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro 
Author-Name: Anant Pichetpongsa 
Author-X-Name-First: Anant 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pichetpongsa 
Title: Gender, Work Intensity, and Well-Being of Thai Home-Based Workers 
Abstract:
  The contribution explores the time-use dimensions of the individual
 well-being of home-based workers in Thailand's urban squatter communities
 to demonstrate how time-use patterns provide information regarding
 individual experiences in performing economic activities that affect
 quality of life. The study focuses on two groups of home-based workers:
 the self-employed, and those who work for a contractor. Using an
 individual-level well-being index that takes into account income, the
 capabilities related to education, and work intensity, the authors examine
 by OLS and GME techniques the varied factors that affect the well-being of
 home-based workers. The findings show that women workers experience a
 higher incidence of work intensity and hence lower quality of life
 compared with men. A better understanding of the factors that promote or
 lower well-being can help policy-makers design more effective programs and
 economic and social policies. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 5-44 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Well-being, time use, work intensity, home-based workers, informal sector, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.499657 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.499657 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:5-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena Bardasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Elena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardasi 
Author-Name: Quentin Wodon 
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon 
Title: Working Long Hours and Having No Choice: Time Poverty in Guinea 
Abstract:
  This contribution provides a new definition of time poverty as working
 long hours without choice because an individual's household is poor or
 would be at risk of falling into poverty if the individual reduced her
 working hours below a certain time-poverty line. Time poverty is thus
 understood as the lack of enough time for rest and leisure after
 accounting for the time that has to be spent working, whether in the labor
 market, doing domestic work, or performing other activities such as
 fetching water and wood. The study applies the concepts used in the
 traditional poverty literature to measure time poverty defined in this new
 way to analyze its determinants in Guinea from 2002 to 2003. It finds that
 women are more likely to be time poor than men in Guinea, and even more so
 according to this new definition. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 45-78 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Time use, employment, underemployment, poverty, Guinea, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.508574 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.508574 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:45-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage 
Title: Time Pressed and Time Poor: Unpaid Household Work in Guatemala 
Abstract:
  This study examines unpaid work in the household in Guatemala using data
 from a national 2000 household survey (ENCOVI 2000), which included a
 time-use module. The contribution highlights the importance of unpaid work
 in Guatemalan households in economic terms and concludes that in 2000, its
 value was equivalent to approximately 30 percent of Gross Domestic Product
 (GDP) for that year. The value of unpaid work is estimated using an
 opportunity cost approach applying market wages as well as different
 measures of replacement costs. The study then explores the nature of time
 poverty in Guatemala and examines the determinants of being both time and
 income poor, concluding that women are more likely to experience this
 condition. The study also finds that investment in small infrastructure
 and ownership of an electric or gas stove has the potential to reduce time
 and income poverty in Guatemala, primarily by alleviating women's time
 burdens and making their unpaid household work more efficient. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 79-112 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Poverty, time use, time poverty, unpaid household work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.498571 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.498571 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:79-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Killian Mullan 
Author-X-Name-First: Killian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mullan 
Title: Valuing Parental Childcare in the United Kingdom 
Abstract:
  A recognized shortcoming of the present system of national accounting
 (the United Nations System of National Accounts) is the omission of
 nonmarket production from national accounts. Arguably, some of the most
 important nonmarket production carried out within the home relates to the
 care of children. This study estimates the monetary value of the childcare
 provided by parents to children ages 0-13 years in the United Kingdom,
 exploiting a unique data source that contains information on the amount of
 time spent on childcare from the perspectives of both parents and
 children. Using these data, the time input into childcare by parents and
 the time output of care are both measured and valued. Results at the micro
 level focus on variation of the imputed value of inputs and outputs of
 childcare by gender, household structure, and household composition. At
 the macro level, estimates of the imputed value of childcare are compared
 to the UK's gross domestic product (GDP). 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 113-139 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Childcare, national income accounting, time use, unpaid household work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.504014 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.504014 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:113-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sripad Motiram 
Author-X-Name-First: Sripad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motiram 
Author-Name: Lars Osberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osberg 
Title: Gender Inequalities in Tasks and Instruction Opportunities within Indian Families 
Abstract:
  This contribution uses the Indian Time Use Survey (ITUS 1999) to document
 gender inequalities in tasks in India and their impact on an important
 aspect of inequality of opportunity&#xa0;-&#xa0;the resources invested in
 the education of children. It examines the school attendance of Indian
 children and the probability that they receive informal instruction or
 assistance with learning at home. The analysis documents clear gender
 inequalities in the allocation of household tasks among girls and boys and
 their parents, but finds more mixed evidence regarding gender favoritism
 in human capital investment. As children living in rural areas grow older,
 school attendance falls off much more rapidly for girls than for boys; but
 in urban areas, attendance of boys and girls remains essentially similar.
 The paper estimates a household fixed-effects model of the probability
 that a child receives informal instruction at home, and finds no evidence
 of gender-based discrimination. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-167 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Economic development, education, household behavior, time use, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.504544 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.504544 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:141-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lan Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Author-Name: Xiaoying Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Title: Parental Care and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China 
Abstract:
  The aging of the population and the dramatic increase in women's labor
 force participation have made eldercare and women's labor market outcomes
 a subject of considerable policy importance not just in industrialized
 countries but also in transition and developing countries. This study
 examines the impact of parental care on married women's labor supply in
 urban China using the China Health and Nutrition Survey for the period
 1993-2006. The estimates show that Chinese women confront competing
 demands for care, not only among elderly parents but also between older
 parents and their own young children. Moreover, the estimates unveil
 striking differences in labor market outcomes between caring for parents
 and caring for parents-in-law: caring for parents does not affect the
 caregiver's employment status and work hours, whereas caring for
 parents-in-law has a statistically significant, sizable, negative effect
 on the caregiver's probability of employment and hours of paid work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 169-192 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Eldercare, women's labor supply, patrilineal norms, China, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.493717 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.493717 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:3:p:169-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tracey Warren 
Author-X-Name-First: Tracey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warren 
Author-Name: Gillian Pascall 
Author-X-Name-First: Gillian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pascall 
Author-Name: Elizabeth Fox 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fox 
Title: Gender Equality in Time: Low-Paid Mothers' Paid and Unpaid Work in the UK 
Abstract:
  Policies concerning time use are crucial to parents' experiences of paid
 and unpaid work and the reconciliation of work and family life. In
 heterosexual-couple households, gender inequalities in the distribution of
 paid work and care, working hours, and responsibility for children's
 schedules mean that mothers experience pressure on time and their ability
 to work, care, and manage households. Via qualitative interviews conducted
 in 2005-6, this contribution explores the time strategies of a sample of
 low-waged mothers in England whose choices around unpaid and paid work are
 most constrained as a result of the UK's limited policies. The authors
 discuss alternative policy scenarios, finding that respondents supported
 policies that challenge gender inequalities in work time, enhancing their
 time in paid employment and their partners' time for unpaid work.
 Higher-quality part-time work, shorter full-time hours, and parental leave
 for fathers would begin to address time inequalities in the UK and
 elsewhere. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 193-219 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Childcare, dual-earner couples, women's labor force participation, gender division of labor, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.499997 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.499997 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saniye Dedeo&#x11f;lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Saniye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dedeo&#x11f;lu 
Title: Visible Hands - Invisible Women: Garment Production in Turkey 
Abstract:
  The economic liberalization policies that started in the early 1980s
 marked a turn in Turkey's growth strategy by shifting it from import
 substitution to export orientation. Since then, the garment industry has
 been one of the top exporters, drawing on women as the main suppliers of
 informal labor for the industry through subcontracted and home-based
 piecework. Based on fieldwork, this paper examines the gender inequalities
 that underlie the export success of the garment industry, in which the
 organization of production and workplace relations embed and reproduce
 gender ideology and norms. Women's engagement in garment production is
 ensured through the articulation of women's subordinate position with the
 social organization of garment production and the mobilization of kinship
 relations. The continued expansion of garment exports and the ongoing
 informalization of nonagricultural employment, according to official
 estimates, suggest that these arrangements are becoming more extensive
 over time. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-32 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Employment, gender relations, kinship, gender inequality, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530606 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530606 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Amilon 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amilon 
Title: The Temporary Leave Dilemma: Lone and Partnered Mothers in Sweden 
Abstract:
  Lone mothers have to take care of a sick child with little or no help
 from the child's other parent and have to carry all costs connected to
 leave-taking. This paper empirically tests whether lone mothers take more
 temporary parental leave to care for sick children than partnered mothers
 and whether parental leave is associated with a signaling cost. The
 results from this study of Swedish mothers show that lone mothers use more
 temporary parental leave than partnered mothers. Further, within the group
 of lone mothers, those with higher socioeconomic status take less
 temporary parental leave than those with lower socioeconomic status,
 whereas no such differences are found within the group of partnered
 mothers. One possible interpretation is that signaling costs negatively
 influence the utilization of temporary parental leave for lone mothers. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-52 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Lone mothers, partnered mothers, temporary parental leave, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530604 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530604 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lilia Dominguez-Villalobos 
Author-X-Name-First: Lilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dominguez-Villalobos 
Author-Name: Flor Brown-Grossman 
Author-X-Name-First: Flor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown-Grossman 
Title: Trade Liberalization and Gender Wage Inequality in Mexico 
Abstract:
  After twenty years of trade liberalization in Mexico, the relationship
 between gender wage inequality and trade remains insufficiently studied,
 in spite of evidence of increasing numbers of women in industrial
 employment. This study aims to analyze the effects of export orientation
 and other characteristics that represent the industrial underpinnings of
 restructuring on gender wage inequality for 2001-5. There is consistent
 evidence of the negative impact of export orientation on men's and women's
 wages and the gender wage ratio, signifying that women lose in both
 absolute and relative terms. This result holds after controlling for
 women's share of employment and the skills of both genders, contrary to
 the expected effect from trade on equality. There is also a negative
 relation between a rise in the proportion of unskilled workers and the
 gender wage ratio, which suggests that the trade-induced skill hypothesis
 cannot be considered an adequate explanation for gender inequality. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-79 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Gender wage gap, trade liberalization, wage determination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530582 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530582 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela Barns 
Author-X-Name-First: Angela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barns 
Author-Name: Alison Preston 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston 
Title: Is Australia Really a World Leader in Closing the Gender Gap? 
Abstract:
  In the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2006 Global Gender Gap report,
 Australia was highlighted as a world leader in closing the gender gap.
 With reference to the Economic Participation and Opportunity Index (one of
 four components in the WEF Gender Gap Index (GGI)), this article assesses
 whether or not Australia is deserving of this recognition. Closer analysis
 shows that convergence in the participation gap flowed from increased
 participation in part-time, low-paid, and precarious jobs. Research also
 shows that women's entry into professional jobs has led to the
 feminization of some positions and that vertical segregation remains an
 ongoing problem. In highlighting these disparities, this article questions
 the capacity of the GGI to provide an adequate understanding of women's
 labor market participation and economic attainment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-103 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Gender wage gap, part-time work, gender inequality, labor market participation, segmentation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530607 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530607 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:4:p:81-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melissa Binder 
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Binder 
Author-Name: Kate Krause 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krause 
Author-Name: Janie Chermak 
Author-X-Name-First: Janie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chermak 
Author-Name: Jennifer Thacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thacher 
Author-Name: Julia Gilroy 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gilroy 
Title: Same Work, Different Pay? Evidence from a US Public University 
Abstract:
  This study examines detailed data for faculty at a typical public
 research university in the United States between 1995 and 2004 to explore
 whether gender wage differentials can be explained by productivity
 differences. The level of detail&#xa0;-&#xa0;including the number of
 courses taught, enrollment, grant dollars, and number and impact of
 publications&#xa0;-&#xa0;largely eliminates the problem of unmeasured
 productivity, and the restriction to one firm eliminates unmeasured work
 conditions that confound investigations of wider labor markets. The
 authors find that direct productivity measures reduce the gender wage
 penalty to about 3 percent, only 1 percentage point lower than estimates
 from national studies of many institutions and with fewer productivity
 controls. The wage structure for women faculty differs markedly from the
 wage structure for men. Interpreted against the institutional features of
 wage setting for this population, the paper concludes that penalties for
 women arise at the department level. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-135 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Academic labor markets, earnings differentials, gender wage gap, racial inequality, wage determination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530605 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530605 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Almudena Sevilla-Sanz 
Author-X-Name-First: Almudena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sevilla-Sanz 
Author-Name: Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Ignacio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gimenez-Nadal 
Author-Name: Cristina Fernandez 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez 
Title: Gender Roles and the Division of Unpaid Work in Spanish Households 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the role of the doing-gender hypothesis versus
 traditional models of the household in explaining how the woman's share of
 home labor varies with relative earnings. The findings, using the 2002-3
 Spanish Time Use Survey (STUS; Spanish Statistical Office 2003), support
 the doing-gender hypothesis in the case of housework: a woman's relative
 share of housework fails to decrease with her relative earnings beyond the
 point where her earnings are the same as her husband's. In contrast, a
 woman's share of childcare time displays a flat pattern over the
 distribution of her spouse's relative earnings. This last result is
 neither consistent with traditional theories of the household, nor with
 the doing-gender hypothesis. It can, however, still be interpreted in
 light of social norms, whereby women specialize in this type of caring
 activity regardless of their relative productivity or bargaining power. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-184 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Household production, childcare, doing-gender hypothesis, social norms, household specialization, household bargaining, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.531197 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.531197 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edme Dominguez 
Author-X-Name-First: Edme 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dominguez 
Author-Name: Rosalba Icaza 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Icaza 
Author-Name: Cirila Quintero 
Author-X-Name-First: Cirila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quintero 
Author-Name: Silvia Lopez 
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez 
Author-Name: &#xc5;sa Stenman 
Author-X-Name-First: &#xc5;sa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenman 
Title: Women Workers in the Maquiladoras and the Debate on Global Labor Standards 
Abstract:
  This paper represents a collective contribution to an ongoing debate on
 the benefits and disadvantages of export-based, industrial jobs for women
 as well as on the implications of global labor standards on these types of
 jobs. On the basis of extensive research on women in Mexico's and Central
 America's maquiladoras (assembly plants that produce export goods), this
 paper aims to problematize the viewpoints that present export-based,
 industrial jobs as dignified alternatives for women in the South and to
 question the skepticism about global labor standards as a possible
 alternative for improving work conditions in all sectors producing for
 export. In so doing, the paper stresses three interrelated issues: a) the
 relevance of local and regional contexts that inform diverse
 industrialization paths over time, b) the agency the women workers
 represent, and c) the legal instruments already existent in our common
 efforts to improve working conditions. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 185-209 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Export-oriented growth, women's labor force participation, globalization, labor standards, maquiladoras, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530603 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530603 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marjorie Griffin Cohen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Griffin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen 
Title: The Gendered Impacts of Liberalization: Towards &#x201c;Embedded Liberalism&#x201d;? 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 211-215 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530608 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530608 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:4:p:211-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: Live Wire: Women and Brotherhood in the Electrical Industry 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 215-218 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530583 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530583 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:4:p:215-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Title: Public Policy for Women: The State, Income Security, and Labour Market Issues 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 218-222 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.530609 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.530609 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:4:p:218-222




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicky Pouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pouw 
Title: Unpacking Globalization: Markets, Gender, and Work 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 222-225 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.531039 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.531039 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:16:y:2010:i:4:p:222-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Dana Sch�ler 
Author-X-Name-First: Dana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sch�ler 
Title: Reforming the Gender-Related Development Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure: Implementing Some Specific Proposals 
Abstract:
			   Since their inception in 1995, the United
 Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Gender-Related Development Index
 (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) have been criticized on
 conceptual and empirical grounds. In 2005-6, the UNDP's Human Development
 Report Office undertook a review of these indicators and suggested some
 modifications. This study extends this work by adjusting the
 recommendations, making concrete proposals for two gender-related
 indicators, and presenting illustrative results for these proposed
 measures. These new measures include the calculation of a male and female
 Human Development Index (HDI), as well as a gender gap measure (GGM) to
 replace the GDI as a measure of gender inequality. The study also proposes
 and implements several modifications and simplifications to the GEM. With
 these adjustments, a number of Sub-Saharan countries now rank much higher,
 countries in the Middle East have lower scores in both measures, and some
 European countries fare notably worse in the revised GEM.	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541860 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541860 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niklas Jakobsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Niklas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakobsson 
Author-Name: Andreas Kotsadam 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotsadam 
Title: Gender Equity and Prostitution: An Investigation of Attitudes in Norway and Sweden 
Abstract:
			   This contribution assesses attitudes toward
 prostitution in Norway and Sweden, where it is illegal to buy sex.
 Sweden's law was put into place in 1999, and Norway followed in 2009.
 These laws were embedded in different market structures and discourses
 when enacted. This study uses a 2008 Internet survey to shed light on
 attitudes toward various aspects of prostitution while controlling for
 other socio-demographic factors. Findings include that men and sexual
 liberals of either gender are more likely positive toward prostitution and
 men and women who are conservative or support gender equality are more
 negative. Holding anti-immigration views correlates with more positive
 attitudes toward buying, but not selling, sex. Norwegians are more
 positive than Swedes toward prostitution. Supporting gender equality has
 more explanatory power in Sweden than in Norway, which may be due to the
 use of gender equality to frame the Swedish debate.	      
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 31-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541863 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541863 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Rand 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rand 
Author-Name: Finn Tarp 
Author-X-Name-First: Finn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarp 
Title: Does Gender Influence the Provision of Fringe Benefits? Evidence From Vietnamese SMEs 
Abstract:
			   This contribution studies the provision of
 fringe benefits using a unique survey of small and medium-sized
 enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Analysis of the survey reveals that women
 who own SMEs are more likely than men who own similar firms to provide
 employees with fringe benefits such as annual leave, social benefits, and
 health insurance. This gender effect exists especially with regard to
 mandatory social insurance and is robust to the inclusion of standard
 determinants of wage compensation. The study also explores whether this
 finding is linked to gender differences in social networks and workforce
 structure, worker recruitment mechanisms, and the degree of unionization.
 However, these factors cannot fully account for the observed differences
 in fringe benefits along the "gender of owner" dimension. There remains a
 sizable and unexplained fringe benefits premium paid to employees in
 women-owned firms.	     
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-87 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.542003 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.542003 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:59-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nick Drydakis 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drydakis 
Title: Women's Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Outcomes in Greece 
Abstract:
			   This study is the first to use a field
 experiment to provide information on the relationship between women being
 lesbian and their hiring prospects in Greece. Data for 2007-8 support
 previous findings (in Canada and Austria) indicating that lesbians face
 hiring discrimination. The study finds that the estimated probability of
 lesbian applicants receiving an invitation for an interview is 27.7
 percent lower than that for heterosexual women applicants. More
 importantly, the study shows that entry wage differentials assigned are
 inconsistent with the ascendant empirical claims (from the United States,
 the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) that lesbians have higher market
 earnings. The study concludes that the negative effect of lesbian sexual
 orientation on wage outcomes in Greece is 6.1 percent. Given that legal
 actions in Greece have the potential to affect sexual-orientation
 minorities, it is important to understand the relationships between sexual
 orientation and the labor market.	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 89-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541858 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541858 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:89-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inmaculada Garc&#xed;a-Mainar 
Author-X-Name-First: Inmaculada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garc&#xed;a-Mainar 
Author-Name: Jos&#xe9; Alberto Molina 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos&#xe9; Alberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina 
Author-Name: V&#xed;ctor M. Montuenga 
Author-X-Name-First: V&#xed;ctor M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Montuenga 
Title: Gender Differences in Childcare: Time Allocation in Five European Countries 
Abstract:
			   This article analyses the intrahousehold
 allocation of time in households headed by heterosexual couples to show
 gender differences in childcare in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and
 Spain. Using data for the five sample countries from the European
 Community Household Panel (ECHP; 1994-2001) and the framework of a general
 efficiency approach, each parent's hours spent on childcare are regressed
 against individual and household characteristics. Empirical results show a
 clear inequality in childcare between fathers and mothers, with this
 disparity being more evident in Mediterranean countries. Panel data
 estimates reveal that, in general, caring tasks are mainly influenced by
 the presence of young children in the household, by the total nonlabor
 income, and by the ratio of mothers' nonlabor income to family's nonlabor
 income, with this latter variable exhibiting different behavior across
 genders and across countries.		
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 119-150 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.542004 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.542004 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:119-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne A. Ferber 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferber 
Author-Name: Michael Br&#xfc;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Br&#xfc;n 
Title: The Gender Gap in Citations: Does It Persist? 
Abstract:
			   In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several
 researchers showed the importance, in the United States, of the number of
 times scholars' publications are cited for determining their bargaining
 power in academia. Not surprisingly, the question was soon raised whether
 citations are a good measure of scholarly merit. Are women at a
 disadvantage in male-dominated fields, such as economics? Studies had
 shown that authors tended to cite a larger proportion of publications by
 authors of the same gender. This paper examines whether women's
 disadvantage in garnering citations has been reduced by the increasing
 representation of women in economics and finds that this has been the case
 in both labor economics and economics in general, albeit not to the same
 degree.	  
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-158 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541857 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541857 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:151-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakuntala Narasimhan 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakuntala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Narasimhan 
Title: Greed, Lust and Gender: A History of Economic Ideas 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-163 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541865 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541865 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:159-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda McDowell 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: McDowell 
Title: Empowering Migrant Women: Why Agency and Rights are Not Enough 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-166 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541864 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541864 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: Frontiers in the Economics of Gender 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 166-170 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541862 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541862 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:166-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caren Grown 
Author-X-Name-First: Caren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grown 
Title: The Development Economics Reader 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 170-173 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541866 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541866 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:170-173




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristin Dale 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dale 
Title: Paid Care in Australia: Politics, Profits, Practices 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 173-176 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541859 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541859 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eileen Trzcinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Eileen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trzcinski 
Title: Institutions for Social Well-Being: Alternatives for Europe 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 177-180 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541861 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2010.541861 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:1:p:177-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erynn Masi de Casanova 
Author-X-Name-First: Erynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masi de Casanova 
Title: Multiplying Themselves: Women Cosmetics Sellers in Ecuador 
Abstract:
  With the &#x201c;feminization of labor,&#x201d; more women in developing
 countries are working for pay, but that work is precarious and often
 exists in the informal economy. This paper examines the situation of
 Ecuadorian women selling cosmetics through a multilevel direct sales
 organization in which earnings are dependent on the amount of product sold
 and the number of sellers recruited. This relatively new type of gendered,
 paid employment promises to help women achieve balance between paid work
 and family responsibilities. Using ethnographic methods to explore
 direct-selling mothers' identities, strategies, and struggles, this study
 finds that such a balance remains elusive for these women sellers, despite
 the purported flexibility of direct sales work. It discusses the finding
 that women think about their paid work and family roles as connected and
 examines the myth prevalent among direct sellers that successfully
 balancing paid work and family comes from &#x201c;organizing
 yourself.&#x201d; 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-29 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Women and work, family responsibilities, informal economy, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.568419 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.568419 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben D'Exelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Exelle 
Author-Name: Nathalie Holvoet 
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holvoet 
Title: Gender and Network Formation in Rural Nicaragua: A Village case study 
Abstract:
  This contribution examines the relation between gender and network
 formation in rural Nicaragua in 2007 and studies differences in the
 structure and contents of men's and women's networks. Such differences are
 relevant, as network theory suggests that structural
 characteristics&#xa0;-&#xa0;as well as the contents of
 networks&#xa0;-&#xa0;strongly influence the type and amount of benefits
 generated. Through the application of dyadic regression techniques, this
 study examines the determinants of the size and socioeconomic
 heterogeneity of individual networks. Research findings suggest gender
 segregation of networks and considerable differences in the structure and
 content of men's and women's networks. These differences relate to the
 gendered division of labor and to women's time poverty in particular. Our
 results are relevant in a context where policy makers increasingly
 consider social networks an important policy tool. We caution against a
 gender-blind alignment on existing social networks and argue for detailed
 mapping and unpacking of social networks through a gender lens. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 31-61 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Social network analysis, dyadic regression, gender sorting, gendered labor division, rural Nicaragua, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573488 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573488 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristina Carrasco 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrasco 
Author-Name: Monica Serrano 
Author-X-Name-First: Monica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serrano 
Title: Lights and Shadows of Household Satellite Accounts: The case of Catalonia, Spain 
Abstract:
  The construction of Household Satellite Accounts (HSAs) to value
 household production is not a new object of study. However, as their use
 has widened, research efforts have focused on resolving technical aspects
 of valuation assessment and far less attention has been paid to the
 underlying conceptual aspects. The purpose of this study is to contribute
 to improving the HSA as an analytical tool. Two approaches are proposed,
 drawing on existing data from Catalonia, Spain. The first approach
 involves incorporating the analysis of time as a key component of HSAs,
 making it possible to explore aspects of unpaid housework without the
 influence of monetary valuation. The second develops a new methodology
 that captures information on both housework and market work, overcoming
 some of the limitations of current databases used in the calculation of
 HSAs and allowing an analysis of the various interrelationships that exist
 between the two types of work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-85 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Household production, satellite accounts, time use, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573483 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573483 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joost de Laat 
Author-X-Name-First: Joost 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Laat 
Author-Name: Almudena Sevilla-Sanz 
Author-X-Name-First: Almudena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sevilla-Sanz 
Title: The Fertility and Women's Labor Force Participation puzzle in OECD Countries: The Role of Men's Home Production 
Abstract:
  One effect of Southern Europe's rapid fertility decline is the emergence
 of a positive cross-country correlation between women's labor force
 participation and fertility across developed countries, despite the
 continuing negative correlation between these factors within countries.
 This study uses individual-level data for several OECD countries to
 examine how men's participation in home production can explain the
 positive relationship between fertility and women's labor force
 participation at the cross-country level. It finds that women living in
 countries where men participate more in home production are better able to
 combine having children with market work, leading to greater participation
 in the labor force at relatively high fertility levels. Within each
 country however, women with higher relative wages continue to have lower
 fertility and to participate more in the labor force than lower-paid women
 due to the higher opportunity cost of remaining at home. This finding on
 men's home production can thus explain the positive cross-country
 correlation between female labor force participation and fertility. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 87-119 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Social externality, women's labor force participation, childcare, fertility, housework, time use, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573484 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573484 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andreas Kotsadam 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotsadam 
Title: Does Informal Eldercare Impede Women's Employment? The Case of European Welfare States 
Abstract:
  European states vary in eldercare policies and in gendered norms of
 family care, and this study uses these variations to gain insight into the
 importance of macro-level factors for the work-care relationship. Using
 advanced panel data methods on European Community Household Panel (ECHP)
 data for 1994-2001, this study finds women's employment to be negatively
 associated with informal caregiving to the elderly across the European
 Union. For the countries included in the study, the effects of informal
 caregiving seem to be more negative in Southern Europe, less negative in
 Nordic countries, and in between these extremes in Central Europe. This
 study explains that since eldercare is a choice in countries with more
 formal care and less pronounced gendered care norms, the weaker impact of
 eldercare on women's employment in these countries has to do with the
 lesser degree of coercion in the caring decision. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-144 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Informal care, female labor supply, European welfare states, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2010.543384 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2010.543384 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform, by Estelle James, Alejandra Cox Edwards, and Rebeca Wong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008. 216 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-226-39200-4 (hbk.). US$35.00 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-147 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.578017 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.578017 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Taxation and Gender Equity: A Comparative Analysis of Direct and Indirect Taxes in Developing and Developed Countries, edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia. New York: Routledge, 2010. 352 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-49262-1 (hbk.). US$140.00 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 148-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573489 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573489 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:2:p:148-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cordelia Reimers 
Author-X-Name-First: Cordelia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reimers 
Title: Gender, Ethnicity and Employment: Non-English Speaking Background Migrant Women in Australia, by Rowshan Haque and M. Ohidul Haque. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 2008. 220 pp. ISBN-13 978-3-7908-1999-1 (hbk.). US$119.00. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 152-155 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573486 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573486 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ailsa McKay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ailsa 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKay 
Title: Gender and Well-Being in Europe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Bernard Harris, Lina Galvez, and Helena Machado. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2009. 298 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-7546-7264-7 (hbk.). US$99.95 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 155-160 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.571216 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.571216 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel 
Author-X-Name-First: Susana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lastarria-Cornhiel 
Title: Gender and Agrarian Reforms, by Susie Jacobs. New York: Routledge, 2009. 256 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-37648-8 (hbk.). US$120.00 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 160-164 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573487 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573487 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suzanne Bergeron 
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergeron 
Title: Sciences From Below: Feminism, Postcolonialities, and Modernities, by Sandra Harding. Chapel Hill, NC: Duke University Press, 2008. 296 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-8223-4259-5 (hbk.). US$84.95; ISBN-13: 978-0-8223-4282-3 (pbk.). US$23.95 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 165-168 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.573485 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.573485 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:2:p:165-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Della Giusta 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Della Giusta 
Author-Name: Sarah Louise Jewell 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Louise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jewell 
Author-Name: Uma Kambhampati 
Author-X-Name-First: Uma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambhampati 
Title: Gender and Life Satisfaction in the UK 
Abstract:
  This contribution analyzes the variations in reported life satisfaction
 for men and women in the United Kingdom. While average levels of life
 satisfaction are similar for men and women, the variations in life
 satisfaction are more marked for women. Analyzing the British Household
 Panel Survey (BHPS) for 1996-2007, the paper finds that hours of paid work
 increase life satisfaction for both men and women, while housework hours
 are statistically significant only for retired men and women. Childcare
 (for children ages 3 to 4 years) and caring for adults affect women's life
 satisfaction negatively but are statistically insignificant for men. Some
 of these differences might be explained by the fact that women and men in
 the sample assign differing weights to satisfaction with different life
 dimensions. Job satisfaction, in particular, matters much more to men than
 to women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-34 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Gender, preferences, self-reported well-being, happiness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582028 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582028 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Hopkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hopkins 
Author-Name: Lynn Duggan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duggan 
Title: A Feminist Comparative Economic Systems 
Abstract:
  This study proposes that feminist research be integrated into the field
 of comparative economic systems (CES) and that CES return to its
 traditional institutionalist methodologies to facilitate more complete
 analyses of economic systems and feminist alternatives to these systems
 and institutions. The study describes the evolution of CES, drawing
 attention to an increasing reliance on econometric modeling that reflects
 a shift in focus away from systems. An inventory of research on women and
 gender that has appeared in CES journals and textbooks finds little on
 topics other than formal labor markets in transition economies. The study
 contrasts this literature on women and gender in transition economies to
 research on this topic by women from transition economies, a literature
 that CES journal authors do not reference. It concludes by proposing a
 feminist economics approach that focuses on gender-differentiated impacts
 of economic systems, analyses of households, and equity as a measure of
 progress. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 35-69 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Economic methodology, feminist theory, economic transition, women, post-socialism, economic systems, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582847 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582847 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Carlsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carlsson 
Title: Does Hiring Discrimination Cause Gender Segregation in the Swedish Labor Market? 
Abstract:
  This paper studies gender discrimination at hiring in the Swedish labor
 market. It examines data compiled from an experiment conducted in 2005-6
 in which two qualitatively identical applications, one with a woman's name
 on it and the other with a man's name, were sent to employers advertising
 positions in Stockholm and Gothenburg (the two largest labor markets in
 Sweden). The study adds to previous international field experiments by
 providing additional analysis of the Swedish labor market to determine
 whether hiring discrimination is a primary cause of occupational gender
 segregation. The results show that, on average, women have a somewhat
 higher callback rate to interview in female-dominated occupations, while
 in male-dominated occupations there is no evidence of gender difference.
 These findings suggest that the bulk of the prevailing gender segregation
 in Sweden cannot be explained by discrimination in hiring. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 71-102 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Gender division of labor, labor market discrimination, segregation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.580700 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.580700 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:3:p:71-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antigone Lyberaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Antigone 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyberaki 
Title: Migrant Women, Care Work, and Women's Employment in Greece 
Abstract:
  This contribution is about women's paid and unpaid work in the context of
 rapid socioeconomic change in Greece between 1983 and 2008. Drawing on
 feminist analyses of women's employment and the care sector, it highlights
 the link between women's paid employment and the supply of affordable
 immigrant (female) labor in Greece in the sphere of care provision. It
 examines three issues: the acceleration of women's involvement in the paid
 labor force after 1990; the parallel influx of immigrants, a quarter of
 whom are women involved in service provision for households, into Greece;
 and finally, the &#x201c;big picture&#x201d; of the demand for care (both
 paid and unpaid, childcare as well as eldercare) in the context of an
 aging population and women's rising participation in paid work. The
 analysis highlights the key contribution of migrant women acting as
 catalysts for social change. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-131 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Women migrants, care services, elderly, women's employment, aging, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.583201 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.583201 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:3:p:103-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donghun Cho 
Author-X-Name-First: Donghun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho 
Author-Name: Joonmo Cho 
Author-X-Name-First: Joonmo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho 
Title: How do Labor Unions Influence the Gender Earnings Gap? A Comparative Study of the US and Korea 
Abstract:
  This paper provides a comparative study of the United States and Korea
 regarding the effects of unions on gender earnings gaps in 2004. Using
 datasets representative of the population of the US and Korea, this
 contribution shows that gender differences in the workers' observed
 characteristics and the unobserved component reduce gender earnings gaps
 in union jobs in both the US and Korea. Fringe benefits in the union
 sector attract women workers with higher labor market qualifications into
 the union sector and thereby reduce the gender earnings gap in this
 sector. The study finds that this self-selection process in the union
 sector is stronger in Korea than in the US, but the seniority-based wage
 system that prevails in the Korean union sector widens the gender earnings
 gap. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 133-157 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Gender earnings gap, trade unions, comparison of the US and Korea, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582472 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582472 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:3:p:133-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dominique Anxo 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anxo 
Author-Name: Letizia Mencarini 
Author-X-Name-First: Letizia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mencarini 
Author-Name: Ariane Pailhe 
Author-X-Name-First: Ariane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pailhe 
Author-Name: Anne Solaz 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solaz 
Author-Name: Maria Letizia Tanturri 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Letizia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanturri 
Author-Name: Lennart Flood 
Author-X-Name-First: Lennart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flood 
Title: Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life Course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US 
Abstract:
  This contribution analyzes how men and women in France, Italy, Sweden,
 and the United States use their time over the life cycle and the extent to
 which societal and institutional contexts influence the gender division of
 labor. In order to test the hypothesis that contextual factors play a
 crucial role in shaping time allocation, this study considers countries
 that diverge considerably in terms of welfare state regime, employment and
 paid working time systems, family policies, and social norms. Using
 national time-use surveys for the late 1990s and early 2000s and
 regression techniques, the study not only finds large gender discrepancies
 in time use in each country at all stages of life but also determines that
 institutional contexts, in particular the design of family policies and
 employment regimes, do shape gender roles in different ways, and that
 Sweden displays the lowest gender gap in time allocation across the life
 course. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 159-195 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Gender division of labor, life course, paid work, time budget surveys, time use, unpaid household work, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582822 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582822 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Bergmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergmann 
Title: When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present, by Gail Collins. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009. 480 pp. ISBN-13 978-0-316-05954-1 (hbk.). US$27.99. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 197-199 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.583543 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.583543 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghazal Zulfiqar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ghazal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zulfiqar 
Title: Social Justice and Gender Equality: Rethinking Development Strategies and Macroeconomic Policies, edited by Gunseli Berik, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, and Ann Zammit. New York: Routledge, 2008. 256 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-95651-2 (hbk.). US$105.00. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 199-203 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.584307 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.584307 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Beneria 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneria 
Title: Feminism Seduced: How Global Elites Use Women's Labor and Ideas to Exploit Women, by Hester Eisenstein. Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2009. 272 pp. ISBN-13: 978-1-59451-659-7 (hbk.). US$89.00; ISBN-13: 978-1-59451-660-3 (pbk.). US$26.95. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 203-207 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.583203 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.583203 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karine Moe 
Author-X-Name-First: Karine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moe 
Title: When Gay People Get Married: What Happens When Societies Legalize Same-Sex Marriage, by M. V. Lee Badgett. New York: New York University Press, 2009. 288 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-8147-9114-1 (hbk.). US$35.00. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 207-210 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582029 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynn Duggan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duggan 
Title: Striking a Balance: Work, Family, Life, by Robert W. Drago. Boston: Dollars and Sense, 2007. 183 pp. ISBN-13: 978-1878585622 (pbk.). US$18.95. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 210-213 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.584039 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.584039 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucie Schmidt 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt 
Title: Glass Ceilings and 100-Hour Couples: What the Opt-Out Phenomenon Can Teach Us About Work and Family, by Karine Moe and Dianna Shandy. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2010. 215 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-8203-3404-2 (pbk.). US$19.95. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 214-217 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.582030 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:3:p:214-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suzanne Bianchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bianchi 
Title: How Do We Spend Our Time? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey, edited by Jean Kimmel. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2008. 186 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-88099-337-1 (pbk.). US$15.00. 
Abstract:
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 217-221 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.583202 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2011.583202 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:3:p:217-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Title: Time Binds: US Antipoverty Policies, Poverty, and the Well-Being of Single Mothers 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Many US antipoverty programs and measures assume
 mothers have little, intermittent, or no employment and therefore have
 sufficient time to care for children, perform household tasks, and apply
 for and maintain eligibility for these programs. Employment-promotion
 policies directed toward low-income mothers since the late 1980s have
 successfully increased their time in the labor force. However, low wages
 and insufficient employer-based benefits often leave employed single
 mothers with inadequate material resources to support families and less
 time to care for their children. The lack of consideration given to the
 value of poor women's time in both the administration and benefit levels
 of antipoverty government support, as well as the measures used to
 calculate poverty, place more binds on poor and low-income mothers' time.
 Ignoring these binds causes researchers and policymakers to overestimate
 single mothers' well-being and reduces the effectiveness of the policies. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 189-214 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.602355 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2011.602355 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:17:y:2011:i:4:p:189-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein 
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren 
Author-Name: Daniele Tavani 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tavani 
Title: Embedding Care and Unpaid Work in Macroeconomic Modeling: A <sc/>Structuralist Approach 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This study embeds paid and unpaid care work in a
 structuralist macroeconomic model. Care work is formally modeled as a
 gendered input into the market production process via its impact on the
 current and future labor force, with altruistic motivations determining
 both how much support people give one another and the economic
 effectiveness of that support. This study uses the model to distinguish
 between two types of economies&#xA0;--&#xA0;a &#x201C;selfish&#x201D;
 versus an &#x201C;altruistic&#x201D; economy&#xA0;--&#xA0;and seeks to
 understand how different macroeconomic conditions and events play out in
 the two cases. Whether and how women and men share the financial and time
 costs of care condition the results of the comparison with more equal
 sharing of care responsibilities making the &#x201C;altruistic&#x201D;
 case more likely. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 5-31 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.602354 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2011.602354 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Kamas 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamas 
Author-Name: Anne Preston 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston 
Title: Gender and Social Preferences in the US: An Experimental Study 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution provides evidence that social
 preferences differ by gender among United States college students.
 Tracking within-person choices over ten dictator exercises in which
 individuals choose one of three allocations of money between themselves
 and two other participants, this study precisely maps social preference
 types and identifies consistency of preferences within groups of roughly
 two-thirds of participants. Contrary to previous studies that identify a
 dominant social preference, this study' rigorous identification system
 reveals that other-regarding individuals are heterogeneous and almost
 evenly split between inequity aversion and social surplus maximization.
 But, even among individuals raised in a culture that stresses equal
 opportunity, there are gender differences. Women are substantially more
 likely than men to be inequity averters and less likely to be social
 surplus maximizers. However, a large majority of participants, both men
 and women, choose allocations consistent with compassion for the least
 well off. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 135-160 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.657662 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.657662 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: &#x130;pek &#x130;lkkaracan 
Author-X-Name-First: &#x130;pek 
Author-X-Name-Last: &#x130;lkkaracan 
Title: Why so Few Women in the Labor Market in Turkey? 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Turkey has one of the widest male--female
 employment gaps in the world. The post-1950 interplay between economic
 growth strategies and the male-breadwinner family led to distinct gendered
 labor market outcomes in the import-substitution versus the export-led
 growth periods. Examination of aggregate employment data in the 1955--2009
 period, as well as regression analyses of household survey data for 1988,
 2000, and 2008 and qualitative data from a 1997 field study, show that the
 lack of a demand-side challenge to the male-breadwinner family resulted in
 the institutionalization of the gendered labor division and roles as
 binding constraints on women' labor supply. The prevalence of informal
 sector employment and absence of paid work--family reconciliation measures
 magnify these supply-side constraints. Social conservatism is a more
 limited constraint, while men' unemployment emerges as a counteracting
 factor. Nevertheless, women' desire for increased autonomy emerges as the
 primary motivation for entering the labor market. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2011.649358 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2011.649358 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pirmin Fessler 
Author-X-Name-First: Pirmin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fessler 
Author-Name: Alyssa Schneebaum 
Author-X-Name-First: Alyssa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneebaum 
Title: Gender and Educational Attainment Across Generations in Austria 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> In many societies, children' educational
 attainment is heavily dependent on their parents' education; but that
 result can differ by the gender of both the parents and the child. Using a
 Markovian approach, along with uni- and multivariate econometric
 techniques, this study employs the Austrian Household Survey on Housing
 Wealth to show strong persistence in educational attainment that differs
 according to the gender of the parent and child. In Austria, the
 difference between women' and men' educational attainment has been
 shrinking over time while educational mobility for both genders has
 increased. This study finds that controlling for changes in the
 distribution of educational attainment over time, the relevance of a
 father' education is generally higher than that of a mother'. Further,
 Austrian mothers' and fathers' same-gender relationships to their children
 are stronger than cross-gender relationships of intergenerational
 educational transmission. These patterns clearly document the importance
 of gender for analyses of the intergenerational transmission of
 educational attainment. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 161-188 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.657661 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.657661 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsten Appendini 
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Appendini 
Title:  <italic>Rural Social Movements in Latin America: Organizing for Sustainable Livelihoods</italic>, edited by Carmen Diana Deere and Frederick S. Royce. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2009. 376 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-8130-3332-7 (hbk.). US$75.00. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 189-193 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.664645 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.664645 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:1:p:189-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shaianne T. Osterreich 
Author-X-Name-First: Shaianne T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osterreich 
Title:  <italic>Trading Stories: Experiences with Gender and Trade</italic>, by Mariama Williams and Marilyn Carr.  London: Commonweath Secretariat, 2010. 200 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0850928730 (pbk.). US$33.00. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 193-197 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.664644 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.664644 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:1:p:193-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elaine McCrate 
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCrate 
Title: Flexibility for Whom? Control over Work Schedule Variability in the US 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> According to the May Work Schedules and Work at
 Home Supplement of the Current Population Survey in 1997, 2001, and 2004,
 the proportion of employees in the United States with variable starting
 and/or stopping times who do not control their schedules has increased
 rapidly since the late 1990s. This category included one out of nine
 civilian employees ages 18--65 in 2004. These jobs have increased rapidly
 within industries and occupations. The incumbents of these jobs are more
 likely to be men, black, and immigrant; white, US-born women' chances of
 holding such jobs are greatly reduced by their responsibility for
 children. These findings identify a growing tendency to structure jobs so
 as to exacerbate the conflict between family work and paid employment, and
 to reinforce the gender division of labor between home and wage labor,
 especially in the most disadvantaged communities within the US. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 39-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.660179 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.660179 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Beblo 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beblo 
Author-Name: Renate Ortlieb 
Author-X-Name-First: Renate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortlieb 
Title: Absent from Work? The Impact of Household and Work Conditions in Germany 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution investigates sickness absences
 of German men and women from a longitudinal perspective. The article tests
 hypotheses on household context and paid working conditions as
 determinants for men' and women' absences from employment. The empirical
 analysis is based on selected waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel
 (SOEP) between 1985 and 2001. The results of ordered probit estimations
 confirm that women' and men' sickness absences were related to both
 working conditions and household context. The findings thus indicate the
 potential empirical relevance of the &#x201C;double burden&#x201D; for
 German women <italic>and</italic> men. The stereotype of higher absences
 of women due to family obligations does not seem to fully represent the
 actual behavior of German employees, at least for the 1985--2001 period.
 However, the relative importance of specific working conditions and the
 relative importance of household structure versus amount of time spent in
 household production differed between men and women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 73-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.661065 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.661065 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary J. Lopez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez 
Title: Skilled Immigrant Women in the US and the Double Earnings Penalty 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Although a large literature exists on the United
 States labor market experiences of low-skilled immigrant men, relatively
 few studies have examined the labor market position of highly skilled
 immigrant women. The current study explores the issue of labor market
 discrimination and examines the extent to which highly skilled immigrant
 women experience an earnings disadvantage as a result of both gender
 status and nativity status. Relying on data from the 2000 US Decennial
 Census 5-Percent Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample and using an
 augmented Oaxaca decomposition technique, this study finds that highly
 skilled immigrant women do experience a double earnings penalty. In
 addition, the results suggest that nativity status explains a larger
 portion of the double earnings penalty than gender status. These findings
 are important in light of the higher emigration rates for skilled women
 than for skilled men in regions such as Africa, Latin America, and
 Oceania. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 99-134 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.658429 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.658429 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Bener&#xed;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bener&#xed;a 
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diana Deere 
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Title: Gender and International Migration: Globalization, Development, and Governance 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution examines the connections
 between gender and international migration around three themes:
 globalization, national economic development, and governance. First, it
 discusses the connections between globalization and the multiplicity of
 processes that have contributed to international migration and its
 feminization, arguing that gender awareness is crucial to understanding
 these processes. Gender analysis makes visible the increasing
 commodification of care work on a global scale and highlights how the
 organization of families is changing. Second, it analyzes the various
 avenues through which migration may contribute to or hinder economic
 development, highlighting why remittances, in particular by women, have
 featured very positively in the migration and development policy
 discourse. Third, it discusses how issues of citizenship affect the
 migrant population, showing how gender analysis highlights many challenges
 with regard to nation-based notions of citizenship, particularly in the
 receiving countries. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-33 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.688998 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.688998 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanya Basok 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Basok 
Author-Name: Nicola Piper 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piper 
Title: Management Versus Rights: Women's Migration and Global Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> The global governance of labor migration reflects
 two major trends: one supports neoliberal migration management priorities
 and another addresses human rights, with the latter subordinated to the
 former. This subordination of human rights to other, market-related,
 priorities parallels global governance priorities in general. While some
 international organizations address the need for protection of migrant
 rights, their specific on-the-ground programs do not match the rhetoric.
 This study demonstrates this disconnection on the basis of an analysis of
 interviews with representatives of global governance institutions and
 international nongovernmental organizations conducted between 2007 and
 2010 in the Latin American and Caribbean region and at the headquarters of
 relevant international organizations in Geneva. Furthermore, the study
 argues that because the discourse on migrant women's rights and their
 labor exploitation is framed predominantly in the context of trafficking,
 little headway is made in advancing migrant women's labor and social
 rights. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 35-61 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.690525 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.690525 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:35-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Rosewarne 
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosewarne 
Title: Temporary International Labor Migration and Development in South and Southeast Asia 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Growing migrant worker remittances are regarded
 as an important and more reliable source of capital to finance development
 in South and Southeast Asia than international aid and foreign direct
 investment. International financial institutions (IFIs) have proselytized
 based on this promise and have represented the feminization of labor
 migration as injecting more momentum into developmental potential. Many
 Asian governments have been won over by this promise, establishing
 labor-export policies to generate overseas earnings. This promise has also
 colored feminist interventions, especially within international agencies
 focused on migrant women workers' rights, which emphasize the need to
 redress labor market disadvantage for migrant domestic workers in
 particular. Insofar as labor-export programs are based on temporary
 migration, this study argues that the focus of support for migrant women
 workers fails to address the systemic disadvantage associated with
 temporariness. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 63-90 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.696314 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.696314 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:63-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Coral del R&#xed;o 
Author-X-Name-First: Coral 
Author-X-Name-Last: del R&#xed;o 
Author-Name: Olga Alonso-Villar 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alonso-Villar 
Title: Occupational Segregation of Immigrant Women in Spain 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution analyzes occupational
 segregation during a period of high employment in the Spanish labor market
 by gender and immigrant status, using several local and overall
 segregation measures. Using data from Spain's 2007 Economically Active
 Population Survey (<italic>Encuesta de Poblaci&#xF3;n Activa</italic>),
 the results suggest that immigrant women in Spain suffered a double burden
 from occupational segregation since it affected them to a greater degree
 than either native women or immigrant men. In fact, gender is a useful
 variable for understanding the labor market performance of immigrant
 workers for this period in Spain, although there were notable
 discrepancies in the segregation of immigrant women depending on their
 region of origin. Immigrant women from the European Union (EU) had the
 lowest occupational segregation, while such segregation appeared to be
 particularly intense among women from European countries outside the EU
 and women from Asia. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 91-123 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.701014 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.701014 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gioconda Herrera 
Author-X-Name-First: Gioconda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrera 
Title: Starting Over Again? Crisis, Gender, and Social Reproduction among Ecuadorian Migrants in Spain 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution examines the dynamics of
 Ecuadorian international migration in the context of the global financial
 crisis that began in 2008. Ecuadorian migration has increased steadily
 over the past fifteen years&#xA0;--&#xA0;as have remittances, the rate of
 family reunification in destination countries, and migrants&#x2019;
 ownership of assets in both their countries of origin and destination. The
 current global crisis has affected these dynamics, particularly in Spain,
 which is one of the main destination countries for Ecuadorian migrants. A
 preliminary analysis of the impact of the crisis reveals an important
 decline in immigrant employment, but one that has not translated into a
 proportional decrease in remittances. Drawing on fieldwork in Spain and
 Ecuador, this study examines the strategies migrant families employed to
 cope with the financial crisis. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 125-148 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.688997 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.688997 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:125-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Pearson 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson 
Author-Name: Kyoko Kusakabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyoko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kusakabe 
Title: Who Cares? Gender, Reproduction, and Care Chains of Burmese Migrant Workers in Thailand 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This study analyzes the challenges facing Burmese
 women factory workers in Thailand who seek to secure the daily
 reproduction of their labor power as well as the generational reproduction
 of their children. It illustrates how the reproduction of workers' labor
 is crucial for the social reproduction of a global economy in which
 migration is increasingly central to the changing contours of economic
 development and accumulation. Based on twenty-four months of research,
 which included life history interviews and survey responses obtained at
 three sites of factory production in Thailand, the study charts the
 complexities of Burmese migrant workers' transborder care strategies, as
 they manage their responsibilities to their children and natal families.
 Moreover, in analyzing the care burdens of migrant women employed in
 non-care sectors, this contribution expands the global care chain
 framework and adds to the understanding of the intersection of productive
 and reproductive work in contemporary globalization 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 149-175 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.691206 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.691206 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyunok Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyunok 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: Political Economy of Cross-Border Marriage: Economic Development and Social Reproduction in Korea 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution situates the recent increase in
 cross-border marriages in Korea in the context of feminist debates on
 social reproduction. Drawing on surveys, policy documents, media
 responses, and interviews, the study explores how the phenomenon of
 cross-border marriage in Korea coincides with changing demographic trends
 and policies in the domains of the family, population, and welfare.
 Beginning as a solution to the &#x201C;rural bachelor's marriage
 problem&#x201D;&#xA0;--&#xA0;visible in the late
 1980s&#xA0;--&#xA0;marriage between Korean men and women of foreign origin
 became increasingly common in the 2000s, in parallel with the emergence of
 national policy issues such as low fertility and a care deficit. The study
 suggests that current trends in cross-border marriage and policies on
 multicultural families reflect the need for changes in the organization of
 social reproduction that has resulted from the economic development that
 began in the 1960s and the political-economic restructuring since the
 1990s. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 177-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.688139 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.688139 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:177-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elke Holst 
Author-X-Name-First: Elke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holst 
Author-Name: Andrea Sch&#xE4;fer 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sch&#xE4;fer 
Author-Name: Mechthild Schrooten 
Author-X-Name-First: Mechthild 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schrooten 
Title: Gender and Remittances: Evidence from Germany 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This study focuses on gender-specific
 determinants of remittances in Germany. The conceptual approach considers
 gender roles and naturalization to be crucial in the immigrant's decision
 to remit. For the empirical investigation, the authors use data from the
 German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study for the years 2001--6. The
 findings show, first, that individual income differences in the country of
 residence cannot sufficiently explain why foreign national women remit
 less than men in absolute terms. Second, men who are naturalized citizens
 remit far less than men who are foreign nationals. Thus, in the group of
 naturalized German citizens, gender differences in the amount of
 remittances disappear. This can be explained by the fact that acquisition
 of citizenship makes family reunification in Germany more likely. Third,
 network structures in the country of origin might help to explain
 differences between men and women and between foreign nationals and
 naturalized citizens in the amount remitted. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 201-229 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.692478 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.692478 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Smriti Rao 
Author-X-Name-First: Smriti 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao 
Author-Name: Christina Presenti 
Author-X-Name-First: Christina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Presenti 
Title: Understanding Human Trafficking Origin: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Feminist work on global human trafficking has
 highlighted the conceptual difficulty of differentiating between
 trafficking and migration. This contribution uses a cross-country United
 Nations Office on Crime and Drugs dataset on human trafficking from 2006
 to empirically evaluate the socioeconomic characteristics of
 high-trafficking origin countries and compare them with patterns that have
 emerged in the literature on migration. In particular, the authors ask how
 and how much per capita income and gender inequality matter in shaping
 patterns of human trafficking. Ordinal logit regressions corrected for
 sample selection bias show that trafficking has an inverse U-shaped
 relationship with income per capita, and, controlling for income per
 capita, trafficking is more likely in countries with higher shares of
 female-to-male income. These results suggest strong parallels between
 patterns of trafficking and migration and lead the authors to believe that
 trafficking cannot be addressed without addressing the drivers of
 migration. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 231-263 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.680978 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.680978 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:231-263




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marta P&#xe9;rez 
Author-X-Name-First: Marta 
Author-X-Name-Last: P&#xe9;rez 
Title: Emergency Frames: Gender Violence and Immigration Status in Spain 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Immigration relief for undocumented migrants in
 the European Union (EU) increasingly focuses on trafficked and battered
 women. These measures allow flexibility in responding to concerns related
 to women's rights issues. This study analyzes the humanitarian clause
 within Spanish immigration law that concerns undocumented battered women.
 In Spain, undocumented battered women who accuse their male partners of
 abuse and win legal cases against them become eligible for five-year
 residence and work permits. Those women who lose must be deported. Several
 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have criticized the arbitrary
 application of the clause, arguing that protecting battered women should
 be prioritized over legal status. By putting this argument in dialogue
 with philosophical and anthropological studies, this study shows how NGO
 advocacy strategy might obscure the close link between gender violence and
 the legal status of undocumented migrant women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 265-290 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.704147 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.704147 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:265-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meryl Altman 
Author-X-Name-First: Meryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Altman 
Author-Name: Kerry Pannell 
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pannell 
Title: Policy Gaps and Theory Gaps: Women And Migrant Domestic Labor 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution brings a feminist
 intersectionalities approach to bear on the so-called policy
 gap&#xA0;--&#xA0;when governments act in ways that undermine their own
 stated goals&#xA0;--&#xA0;with respect especially to immigration, but also
 to labor and family policy. Analyzing the increasingly large worldwide
 flows of women to do paid domestic work, the authors argue that policy
 gaps in receiving countries both feed on and are fed by inequalities of
 gender, race, class, and nationality, in ways that appear to pit some
 groups of women against others, but that ultimately disadvantage everyone.
 This study provides a feminist critique of the mainstream human capital
 theory explanation of migration, identifies several gaps within current
 feminist theory, and proposes some improved approaches. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 291-315 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.704149 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.704149 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:2:p:291-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tamara   Mose Brown 
Author-X-Name-First: Tamara   Mose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown 
Title: Who's the Boss? The Political Economy of Unpaid Care Work and Food Sharing in Brooklyn, USA 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Over the last two decades, scholars have situated
 paid and unpaid care work as an important component in the US economic
 infrastructure. Until recently, scholars have neglected to address the
 sociological significance of the cooking and sharing of food
 (&#x201C;foodways&#x201D;) as part of the productive unpaid work of
 caregivers. This article details the lives of West Indian childcare
 providers in Brooklyn, New York and places their experiences in the
 context of economic structures. The study shows how childcare providers
 share food with their charges to establish forms of control and resist the
 subordination inherent in childcare work. By studying the unpaid care work
 of food sharing through participant observation and interviews during
 2004--7, this research reveals blurred boundaries between reproductive and
 productive work. It also analyzes how childcare providers resist and
 momentarily invert the hierarchy of employer households, shaping their
 workdays beyond the responsibilities of taking care of children. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.704148 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.704148 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela   Maria Casale 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela   Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale 
Title: Indirect Taxation and Gender Equity: Evidence from South Africa 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This study adds to the growing literature on the
 distributional effects of indirect or consumption taxes in developing
 countries by exploring whether these taxes have differential gender
 outcomes. Using data from Statistics South Africa's 2000 Income and
 Expenditure Survey, the study investigates differences in tax incidence
 between &#x201C;female-type&#x201D; and &#x201C;male-type&#x201D;
 households, classified according to their demographic and economic
 attributes. The results suggest that zero-rating a well-targeted selection
 of basic foodstuffs and fuel for household use is important in protecting
 female-type households, especially those in the lowest quintiles and with
 children, from bearing an otherwise disproportionate share of the tax
 burden. In contrast, high taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and fuel for private
 transport result in a larger incidence on male-type households. The study
 also suggests ways in which the indirect tax structure could be refined to
 further reduce the large gender (and income) inequities that exist in
 South Africa. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-54 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.716907 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.716907 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greta Friedemann-S&#xE1;nchez 
Author-X-Name-First: Greta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedemann-S&#xE1;nchez 
Title: Caregiving Patterns in Rural Andean Colombia 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Are there local cultural ideals of filial
 caregiving responsibility&#xA0;--&#xA0;a type of repayment of a debt to
 parents&#xA0;--&#xA0;and do they differ by gender? How are filial
 caregiving responsibilities allocated among siblings in such instances,
 and how do they fit cultural ideals? Is caregiving negotiated among
 siblings; and if so, how? This qualitative study conducted in rural Andean
 Colombia is based on a sample of thirty-eight interviews differentiated by
 gender and employment in the (formal and informal) labor market, with
 individuals who have at least one parent in need of care and at least one
 living sibling of the opposite gender. The study explores the cultural
 definition of caregiving, the ideal norms of who should care for parents,
 and the actual gendered patterns of caregiving. This interdisciplinary
 study expands existing research in the health and social sciences by
 exploring the pathways to becoming a caregiver. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-80 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.714471 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.714471 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hazel   Jean L. Malapit 
Author-X-Name-First: Hazel   Jean L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malapit 
Title: Are Women More Likely to be Credit Constrained? Evidence from Low-Income Urban Households in the Philippines 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Based on survey data for 2002 and 2006, this
 paper investigates the determinants of credit constraints among women and
 men in two urban slum communities of Manila in the Philippines. The
 results show that women are more likely to be credit constrained than men.
 Rather than wealth, informal lenders seem to rely more on reputation and
 credit history to screen prospective borrowers, and the consequences of
 repayment delays or defaults are more severe for women than for men. These
 findings provide empirical support for women-targeted credit interventions
 in urban poor contexts, particularly those that enable women to build and
 capitalize on good credit histories. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 81-108 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.716161 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.716161 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:3:p:81-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mieke Meurs 
Author-X-Name-First: Mieke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meurs 
Author-Name: Lisa A. Giddings 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giddings 
Title: Maternal Healthcare in Tajikistan: A Bargaining Framework 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This study examines women's declining use of
 maternal healthcare services in post-socialist Tajikistan. Using data from
 the 2003 and 2007 Tajikistan Living Standards Surveys (TLSS), the findings
 support previous evidence that a woman's use of prenatal and delivery care
 depends on her education, household income, and proximity to services.
 However, previous models have not specified who makes the decision to use
 maternal healthcare services. This study finds that in Tajikistan a woman
 shares decision making with her spouse and the eldest woman in the
 household. There is limited evidence that traditional proxies for
 bargaining power, such as relative earnings level, affect outcomes. The
 authors conclude that where women's exit options are limited, surveys
 evaluating the value of women's assets and their services in the home, as
 well as questions about decision making, will allow more refined measures
 of women's bargaining power. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 109-140 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.719393 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.719393 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meinzen-Dick 
Author-Name: Devaki Jain 
Author-X-Name-First: Devaki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jain 
Author-Name: Maria   Laura Di Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria   Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso 
Title: Review of <italic>Gender and Green Governance: The Political Economy of Women's Presence Within and Beyond Community 
Forestry</italic>, by Bina Agarwal. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 496 pp. ISBN-13: 9780199569687 (hbk.). US
$120.00 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-143 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.717177 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.717177 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:3:p:141-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Devaki Jain 
Author-X-Name-First: Devaki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jain 
Title: Review of <italic>Social Income and Insecurity: A Study in Gujarat</italic>, by Guy Standing, Jeemol Unni, Renana 
Jhabvala, Uma Rani. New York: Routledge, 2010. 216 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-58574-3 (hbk.). US$95.00. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 144-146 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.717175 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.717175 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:3:p:144-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria   Laura Di Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria   Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso 
Title:  <italic>Women, Work, and Politics: The Political Economy of Gender Inequality</italic>, by Torben Iversen and 
Frances Rosenbluth. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010. 224 pp. ISBN-13: 9780300153101 (hbk.). US$35.00. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 146-150 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.717176 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.717176 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavla Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Title: Do Australian Teenagers Work? Why We Should Care 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This paper addresses the lack of systematic
 attention to teenagers' work in feminist economics. Drawing on historical
 sociology, it suggests why paid or unpaid work by children has been
 difficult to discuss, define, and measure in contemporary industrialized
 countries, in part by comparing debates on child workers and
 &#x201C;economically inactive&#x201D; housewives. The paper then asks
 whether mothers' increasing workforce participation has led to a rise in
 the number of children whose labor is &#x201C;domestically useful.&#x201D;
 The answer, focusing on Australian research, considers ethnographies of
 teenagers who resist housework, accounts of those who make substantial
 contributions to their families, surveys of children's employment, and
 data from national time-use surveys. The paper concludes that the
 interdependence of all family members should be considered in one
 analytical frame. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.731514 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.731514 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann   Mari May 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann   Mari 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: Creating a Space where Gender Matters: Elinor Ostrom (1933-2012) talks with Ann Mari May and Gale Summerfield 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> In 2009, Elinor Ostrom received the Nobel
 Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for her work, especially on governance
 of the commons. Trained as a political scientist, Ostrom embraced
 interdisciplinary research and transdisciplinary collaboration. Ann Mari
 May and Gale Summerfield's interview with Ostrom, conducted in fall 2011,
 illustrates the relevance of her work to feminist economics as well as her
 impressive accomplishments as the first woman recipient of the Nobel prize
 in economics and as a pioneering woman in academia. Ostrom died on June
 12, 2012. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-37 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.739725 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.739725 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Author-Name: Carmen Saras&#xFA;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saras&#xFA;a 
Title: Off the Record: Reconstructing Women's Labor Force Participation in the European Past 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Conventional histories of women's labor force
 participation in Europe conceptualize the trends in terms of a U-shaped
 pattern. This contribution draws on historical research to challenge such
 an account. First, it demonstrates that the trough in participation is in
 part statistically manufactured by uncritical reliance on official sources
 that systematically undercount women workers. Second, it exploits
 nonstandard sources to construct alternative estimates of women's
 participation. Third, it analyzes the reconstructed rates to determine
 their congruence with neoclassical economics and modern empirical studies.
 Not all posited relationships time travel. Supply-side factors such as
 marital status and number and age of children are major determinants of
 modern women's decision to enter the labor force, yet appear less
 prominent in historical contexts. Instead, the demand for labor seems
 decisive. Finally, the U-shaped curve is not entirely a statistical
 artifact, but appears to evolve at higher levels of participation than
 usually suggested. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 39-67 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.746465 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.746465 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ariadne Schmidt 
Author-X-Name-First: Ariadne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt 
Author-Name: Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk 
Author-X-Name-First: Elise 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Nederveen Meerkerk 
Title: Reconsidering The &#x201C;Firstmale-Breadwinner Economy&#x201D;: Women's Labor Force Participation in the 
Netherlands, 1600--1900 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution provides methods for estimating
 developments in women's labor force participation (LFP) in the
 Netherlands, for both preindustrial and industrializing eras. It explains
 long-term developments in Dutch LFP and concludes that the existing image
 of Dutch women's historically low participation in the labor market should
 be reconsidered. Contrary to what many economic historians have supposed,
 Dutch women's LFP was not lower, and was perhaps even higher, than
 elsewhere in the pre-1800 period. As in other Western European countries,
 the decline of (married) Dutch women's LFP only started in the nineteenth
 century, though it then probably declined faster than elsewhere. Thus,
 this study concludes that the Netherlands did not constitute the
 &#x201C;first male-breadwinner economy,&#x201D; as historians and
 economists have suggested. Scrutinizing the nineteenth-century data in
 more detail suggests that a complex of demographic, socioeconomic, and
 cultural changes resulted in this sharp decline of Dutch women's crude
 activity rates. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 69-96 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.734630 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.734630 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:4:p:69-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Grantham 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grantham 
Title: Occupational, Marital, and Life-Cycle Determinants of Women's Labor Force Participation in Mid Nineteenth-Century 
Rural France 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> The French population census of 1851 is unique
 among France's nineteenth- and early twentieth-century censuses, as it is
 the only census to provide information on the market-oriented work of
 women and children within and outside the home. This study utilizes that
 information to analyze the demographic, structural, and economic
 determinants of women's labor force participation in a sample of rural
 communes in northern France. The data reveal an industrious population in
 which two-thirds to three-quarters of women in farm families engaged in
 market-oriented work. The data suggest that women were pushed rather than
 pulled into the rural labor force, and that poverty was the primary factor
 driving rural women's participation. The census data throw statistical
 light on the labor market participation rates of women and children in a
 preindustrial setting and are likely to produce major revisions in
 understandings of productivity growth in late nineteenth- and early
 twentieth-century France. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 97-119 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.737007 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.737007 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:4:p:97-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luisa Mu&#xF1;oz Abeledo 
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu&#xF1;oz Abeledo 
Title: Women in the Rural and Industrial Labor Force in Nineteenth-Century Spain 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution analyzes determinants of
 women's labor force participation (LFP) in northwest coastal Spain
 (Galicia) in the second half of the nineteenth century. The study uses
 census takers' notebooks from 1857 and 1870 in three municipalities with
 different economic structures: Nigr&#xE1;n, an agricultural municipality
 in southern Galicia on the estuary of Vigo, where women predominantly
 worked in agriculture; Bueu, an industrial town where 80 percent of women
 were employed in fish processing and related activities; and Coru&#xF1;a,
 Galicia's biggest city in 1857, where commerce and services were the main
 economic activities. The sample represents 2 percent of the region's
 population. The study focuses both on demand&#xA0;--&#xA0;how the local
 economic structure influenced the entrance of women into the labor market;
 and supply&#xA0;--&#xA0;how age, civil status, and number of children
 influenced women's LFP. The industrialization of coastal Galicia impelled
 women's high participation rates. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 121-144 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.738302 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.738302 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: &#x2018;&#x2018;Isn't it time you were finishing?&#x2019;&#x2019;: Women's Labor Force Participation and 
Childbearing in England, 1860--1920 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> This contribution examines the relationship
 between women's labor force participation (LFP) and fertility in three
 industrial towns of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England from a
 feminist economic perspective. The study augments existing statistical
 approaches to demographic history by discussing women's motivations.
 Women's LFP influenced their likelihood of family limitation (via effects
 on both age at marriage and marital fertility). Where women were most
 likely to be in paid work, they were most likely to limit family size. It
 is further argued that the diversity of LFP patterns is the principal
 explanation for the varied patterns of fertility decline in different
 parts of Britain. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-164 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.725942 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.725942 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:18:y:2012:i:4:p:145-164




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sucharita   Sinha Mukherjee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sucharita   Sinha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee 
Title: Women's Empowerment and Gender Bias in the Birth and Survival of Girls in Urban India 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Despite improvements in women's work
 opportunities and educational achievements, women's survival disadvantage
 is a demographic reality of urban India. A temporal and cross-sectional
 analysis of the data from the 1991 and 2001 census of India, while
 reaffirming the positive association between women's employment and the
 birth and survival of more girls, fails to reconfirm the oft-emphasized
 positive connection between women's education and increased survival of
 girls. Relatively high levels of women's education, by being indicative of
 household socioeconomic status, may be associated with increased ability
 to discriminate against girls through prenatal sex selection, especially
 in the presence of cultural biases resulting in low women's rates of
 participation in paid work, persistence of dowry payments, and lack of
 women's property rights. As the educational achievements of urban Indian
 women improve, gender discrimination in the birth and survival of girls
 may intensify as a cumulative effect of socioeconomic factors continuing
 to favor sons. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.752312 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.752312 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janeen Baxter 
Author-X-Name-First: Janeen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baxter 
Author-Name: Belinda Hewitt 
Author-X-Name-First: Belinda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewitt 
Title: Negotiating Domestic Labor: Women's Earnings and Housework Time in Australia 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Recent research in the United States has found
 that wives' absolute earnings level is more important than their earnings
 relative to their spouses in determining time spent on housework.
 Utilizing data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia
 (HILDA) survey, this article examines whether women's housework time in
 Australia is associated with relative or absolute earnings and extends
 previous work by examining possible mechanisms linking women's earnings
 with their time on housework, outsourcing through the use of paid domestic
 help, and unmeasured heterogeneity among women. The research finds that
 women's housework time is more strongly affected by women's relative
 earnings than by their absolute earnings, and neither outsourcing nor
 unobserved heterogeneity can explain the relationship between women's
 earnings and their housework time in Australia. These results indicate
 that Australia has a strong male-breadwinner institutional framework that
 continues to hinder gender equality in paid and unpaid work. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.744138 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.744138 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katrinell M. Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Katrinell M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Title: An End to Job Mobility on the Sales Floor: The Impact of Department Store Cost Cutting on African-American Women, 1970--2000 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Much of the literature regarding the
 employability of African-American women focuses on how demographic factors
 like single parenthood, limited social capital, and low levels of
 education diminish their employment options. This study engages this
 literature by exploring the role that institutional factors, including
 state action and cost-cutting strategies in the workplace, play in shaping
 the structure of job opportunities available to high school-educated
 African-American women. Focusing on department store workers in the San
 Francisco Bay area, this case study highlights how shifts, including the
 increasing contingency of employment between 1970 and 2000, have
 constrained African-American women's experience and progress in this
 low-skilled workplace. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 54-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.736027 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.736027 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernando A. Lozano 
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lozano 
Author-Name: Mary J. Lopez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez 
Title: Border Enforcement and Selection of Mexican Immigrants in the United States 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Since 1986, the United States has made
 considerable efforts to curb undocumented immigration across the
 US--Mexico border, resulting in an increase in migration costs for
 undocumented immigrants from Mexico and placing a particularly heavy
 burden on undocumented immigrant women. Using data from the 1990, 2000
 Decennial Census and the 2006--8 American Community Survey, this study
 finds three effects of rising migration costs for immigrants from Mexico:
 (1) A decrease in the relative flow of older and highly educated
 undocumented immigrant women relative to men; (2) An increase in the skill
 composition of immigrant women relative to men; and (3) An increase, due
 to stronger positive selection, in the average earnings of those groups
 most affected by increased migration costs, particularly women. This
 research has important implications in light of the barriers and
 increasing dangers that women across the globe may face when migrating. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 76-110 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.752313 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.752313 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:1:p:76-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Niven 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Niven 
Author-Name: Alessandra Faggian 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Faggian 
Author-Name: Kanchana N. Ruwanpura-super-1  
Author-X-Name-First: Kanchana N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruwanpura-super-1  
Title: Exploring &#x201C;Underachievement&#x201D; Among Highly Educated Young British-Bangladeshi Women 
Abstract:
  <title>Abstract</title> Current mainstream wisdom portrays the young
 British-Bangladeshi community as underachieving in education. However,
 this study suggests that young British-Bangladeshi women tend to be high
 achievers in education. This research interrogates the multifaceted
 experiences of British-Bangladeshi women students to better understand the
 contested nature of their transition from educational achievement to labor
 market participation. The analysis draws on a combination of fieldwork
 done in two colleges in East London and Leeds in 2007 and secondary data
 collected by the Higher Education Statistical Agency on students who
 graduated from British higher education institutions in 2006. Although it
 focuses on the reality of young British-Bangladeshi women, the study shows
 that&#xA0;--&#xA0;especially for certain ethnic
 minorities&#xA0;--&#xA0;the absence of social resources, social networks,
 and egalitarian class relations can hamper the process of making good on
 educational achievements. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 111-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.748985 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.748985 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nora Lustig 
Author-X-Name-First: Nora 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lustig 
Title: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 137-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.744139 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.744139 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:1:p:137-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Genevieve LeBaron 
Author-X-Name-First: Genevieve 
Author-X-Name-Last: LeBaron 
Title: Gender Inequalities, Households, and the Production of Well-Being in Modern Europe 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 141-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.746996 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.746996 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:1:p:141-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I&#xF1;aki Permanyer 
Author-X-Name-First: I&#xF1;aki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer 
Title: A Critical Assessment of the UNDP&#x2019;s Gender Inequality Index 
Abstract:
	      This study critically reviews the Gender Inequality Index
 (GII), the new gender-related index proposed by the United Nations
 Development Programme (UNDP) in the 2010 <italic>Human Development
 Report</italic>, arguing that its particular construction limits its
 usefulness and appropriateness as a global gender inequality index. In
 particular, the functional form of the index is excessively and
 unnecessarily confusing. Moreover, the inclusion of indicators that
 compare the relative performance of women vis-&#xE0;-vis men, together
 with absolute women-specific indicators, obscures even more the
 interpretation of an already complicated index and penalizes the
 performance of low-income countries. In order to overcome some of the
 identified limitations, this contribution defines a new composite index of
 gender inequality that incorporates the GII variables but uses a much
 simpler functional form. The results suggest that great caution should be
 exercised when interpreting and using the values of the GII.	       
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-32 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.769687 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.769687 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chau Do 
Author-X-Name-First: Chau 
Author-X-Name-Last: Do 
Author-Name: Irina Paley 
Author-X-Name-First: Irina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paley 
Title: Does Gender Affect Mortgage Choice? Evidence from the US 
Abstract:
	      This study examines the effect of gender on the choice of
 adjustable- versus fixed-rate mortgages among mortgage applicants in the
 United States. While adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) are initially
 cheaper, they expose the borrower to interest rate risk. Using linear
 probability models applied to US lender data for 2004--6, the study finds
 that the propensity to apply for an ARM among higher-income applicants is
 lower for women by 3.7--8.4 percentage points or 12--42 percent. Results
 are robust to the inclusion of education, financial knowledge, and
 economic determinants of mortgage choice. Results are consistent with past
 findings of women being more risk averse than men in financial behaviors.
 Findings of this US-based study are relevant for other countries, as ARMs
 of varying lengths are widely prevalent outside the US.	  
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 33-68 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.787163 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.787163 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena B&#xe1;rcena-Mart&#xed;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Elena 
Author-X-Name-Last: B&#xe1;rcena-Mart&#xed;n 
Author-Name: Ana I. Moro-Egido 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana I. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moro-Egido 
Title: Gender and Poverty Risk in Europe 
Abstract:
	      This study advances research on the structural dimension in
 the predominantly individual-oriented field of poverty studies by
 evaluating to what extent cross-national differences in population and
 structural characteristics can explain the differences in poverty outcomes
 by gender. To facilitate an approach that integrates individual and
 structural context dimensions, the paper takes advantage of multilevel
 techniques to test gender differences in the risk of being poor, entering
 into poverty, and exiting from poverty among seventeen European countries.
 The analysis covers single-adult households, drawing on data from the
 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for
 the years 2007--8. The study concludes that structural effects, such as
 welfare state policies, labor market characteristics, level of inequality,
 and the level of women's empowerment in the country, seem to be more
 relevant than individual effects in explaining differences in the gender
 poverty gap among countries.	       
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 69-99 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.771815 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.771815 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:2:p:69-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie Adams 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams 
Author-Name: Rhonda Sharp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rhonda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp 
Title: Reciprocity in Caring Labor: Nurses&#x2019; Work in Residential Aged Care in Australia 
Abstract:
	      Feminist economists identify reciprocity as a motivation for
 both paid and unpaid caring work. In general, reciprocity describes people
 responding to each other in similar ways, either benevolently or
 harmfully. The quality of care is potentially increased when care
 relationships are motivated by positive and generalized forms of
 reciprocity and decreased with negative forms of reciprocity. This study
 draws on nursing literature and two qualitative studies in Australian
 residential aged care facilities, conducted in 2002--3 and 2009, to
 identify a new form called &#x201C;professional reciprocity.&#x201D; This
 form of reciprocity involves deliberate and skilled relational work by
 nurses to facilitate mutual and interdependent exchanges with care
 recipients that are beneficial to both care recipients and nurses. This
 study argues that professional reciprocity, as a skill that can be taught,
 is important for achieving quality care and workers&#x2019; job
 satisfaction.		
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 100-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.767982 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.767982 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:2:p:100-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Alan Carson 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carson 
Title: Socioeconomic Effects on the Stature of Nineteenth-Century US Women 
Abstract:
	      Using a new source of nineteenth-century state prison records
 and robust statistics, this study contrasts the effects of social
 conditions on the stature of comparable African American and white women
 during the economic development of the United States. Across the stature
 distribution, Great Lakes, Plains, and Southern women were taller than
 women with other US and international nativities. Women from the Northeast
 and Middle Atlantic were the shortest within the US, but were taller than
 British and European immigrants. White women were consistently taller than
 black women. Stature also varied over time with industrialization and
 emancipation. Across the stature distribution, women in outdoor, unskilled
 occupations were taller than women in indoor, skilled occupations. These
 results show that US women's average statures reflect net nutritional
 conditions that are not available in traditional measures of economic
 well-being.	      
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 122-143 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2012.761347 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2012.761347 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:2:p:122-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sine Ba&#x11F;atur 
Author-X-Name-First: Sine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ba&#x11F;atur 
Title: The Idea of Justice 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 144-148 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.781658 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.781658 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:2:p:144-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Strassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassmann 
Author-Name: G&#xfc;nseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: G&#xfc;nseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Title: FOREWORD 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.809237 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.809237 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:3:p:1-1




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Title: Marianne A. Ferber 1923--2013: In Memoriam 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 2-3 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.808452 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.808452 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:3:p:2-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr 
Author-Name: James Heintz 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heintz 
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Title: Critical Perspectives on Financial and Economic Crises: Heterodox Macroeconomics Meets Feminist Economics 
Abstract:
	      This contribution brings together various strands of analysis
 about the causes, consequences, and policy ramifications of economic
 crises, with a specific focus on distributional dynamics. It aims to
 facilitate a conversation between macroeconomic theorists of crises and
 instability and feminist economists and scholars of intergroup inequality.
 Macroeconomic analyses of the Great Recession have centered on the causal
 role of financial deregulation, capital flow imbalances, and growth of
 income and wealth inequality. That work tends to be divorced from research
 that analyzes broader distributional impacts, prior to the crisis and
 subsequently, transmitted through economic channels and government
 responses. This study's framework emphasizes the role of stratification
 along multiple trajectories -- race, class, and gender -- in contributing
 to economic crises and in shaping their distributional dynamics. The study
 underscores the long-run effects of the 2008 crisis on well-being,
 highlighted in feminist economists' research on social reproduction and
 often missed in the macroeconomics literature. 	 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 4-31 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.806990 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.806990 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilene Grabel 
Author-X-Name-First: Ilene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grabel 
Title: Global Financial Governance and Development Finance in the Wake of the 2008 Financial Crisis 
Abstract:
	      This study examines three related questions. How has the
 global financial crisis of 2008 affected the influence that developing
 countries have within the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? What new
 policy space is available to developing countries? What alternative
 financial architectures will emerge as competitors or complements to the
 IMF? The study finds that IMF practice on capital controls has changed
 partly as a consequence of the crisis; that relatively autonomous
 developing countries are taking advantage of the policy space that has
 emerged; and that the global financial architecture is becoming more
 heterogeneous and multinodal. To date, however, developing countries have
 secured only modest commitments for increases in their formal influence at
 the IMF as a consequence of the crisis. Looking ahead, the crisis may
 create space for pressing an inclusive, participatory, feminist agenda in
 this domain.	       
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 32-54 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.798021 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.798021 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isabel Ortiz 
Author-X-Name-First: Isabel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz 
Author-Name: Matthew Cummins 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins 
Title: Austerity Measures in Developing Countries: Public Expenditure Trends and the Risks to Children and Women 
Abstract:
	      This study examines how austerity measures may have adversely
 affected children and women in a sample of 128 developing countries in
 2012. It relies on International Monetary Fund (IMF) fiscal projections
 and IMF country reports to gauge how social assistance and other public
 spending decisions have evolved since the start of the global economic
 crisis. The study finds that most developing countries boosted total
 expenditures during the first phase of the crisis (2008--09); but
 beginning in 2010, budget contraction became widespread, with ninety-one
 governments cutting overall spending in 2012. Moreover, the data suggest
 that nearly one-quarter of developing countries underwent excessive fiscal
 contraction, defined as cutting expenditures below pre-crisis levels.
 Governments considered four main options to achieve fiscal consolidation
 -- wage bill cuts/caps, phasing out subsidies, further targeting social
 safety nets, and reforming old-age pensions -- each of which would be
 likely to have a disproportionately negative impact on children and women. 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 55-81 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.791027 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.791027 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathleen A. Lahey 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahey 
Author-Name: Paloma de Villota 
Author-X-Name-First: Paloma 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Villota 
Title: Economic Crisis, Gender Equality, and Policy Responses in Spain and Canada 
Abstract:
	      Spain and Canada were pursuing divergent political agendas
 before the 2007--09 global economic crisis and subsequent recession:
 Canada's conservative government, elected in 2006, had begun reducing the
 size of government by slashing revenues, while Spain's social democratic
 government (2004--11) aimed to increase social inclusion and gender
 equality. Using women's shares of market (labor and capital) incomes and
 after-tax incomes as equality indicators, this study analyzes the probable
 gender impact of each country's policies during the global economic
 crisis. The authors find that, although both countries were signatories to
 the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
 Discrimination against Women (1979; CEDAW) and the Beijing Platform for
 Action (1995), neither lived up to these commitments to undertake
 gender-based analyses when developing crisis interventions; but if Spain's
 policies had been maintained, they would have had less damaging effects on
 women in the long term than those implemented in Canada.	   
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 82-107 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.812267 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.812267 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ailsa McKay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ailsa 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKay 
Author-Name: Jim Campbell 
Author-X-Name-First: Jim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell 
Author-Name: Emily Thomson 
Author-X-Name-First: Emily 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomson 
Author-Name: Susanne Ross 
Author-X-Name-First: Susanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross 
Title: Economic Recession and Recovery in the UK: What's Gender Got to Do with It? 
Abstract:
	      This study argues that a feminist economics perspective is
 essential in order to fully understand the gender consequences of the
 recent recession and the ongoing economic crisis in the United Kingdom.
 Unemployment and redundancy rates have been used to highlight the fact
 that male workers suffered the greatest impact in terms of job losses in
 the initial phases of the recession. However, this situation appears to
 have reversed with an associated program of spending cuts in public sector
 employment and welfare that will likely be borne by women. While accurate
 data are crucial in the analytical process, the exclusive use of
 statistics relating to paid work only gives a partial analysis. A more
 inclusive understanding of the range of impacts on both men and women is
 more useful in the formulation of gender-aware, as opposed to
 gender-blind, policy responses to recession and recovery.	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 108-123 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.808762 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.808762 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gary Dymski 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dymski 
Author-Name: Jesus Hernandez 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernandez 
Author-Name: Lisa Mohanty 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohanty 
Title: Race, Gender, Power, and the US Subprime Mortgage and Foreclosure Crisis: A Meso Analysis 
Abstract:
	      This study addresses two largely unanswered questions about
 the United States subprime crisis: why were minority applicants, who had
 been excluded from equal access to mortgage credit prior to the spread of
 subprime loans, superincluded in subprime mortgage lending? And why didn't
 the flood of mortgage credit in the 2000s housing boom -- an oversupply of
 credit suggesting supercompetition -- reduce the proportion of minority
 and women borrowers burdened with unpayable subprime mortgages? This
 contribution develops a meso analysis showing how banking strategies were
 shaped by and reinforced patterns of racial and gender inequality,
 permitting lenders in evolving financial markets to offer new loan
 instruments to previously excluded loan applicants, and to exercise social
 power over -- and thus extract rent from -- these borrowers.	       
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 124-151 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.791401 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.791401 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Arestis 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arestis 
Author-Name: Aur&#xe9;lie Charles 
Author-X-Name-First: Aur&#xe9;lie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charles 
Author-Name: Giuseppe Fontana 
Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fontana 
Title: Financialization, the Great Recession, and the Stratification of the US Labor Market 
Abstract:
	      This contribution explores the possibility that the
 financialization of the US economy has created identity preference effects
 by linking managerial and financial occupations to high earnings, and in
 turn high earnings to the social status of the dominant demographic group
 in the labor force, namely white men. The empirical results for the
 1983--2009 period confirm that a wage premium exists for individuals
 working in managerial and financial occupations, and that this finance
 wage premium is not equally distributed among all gender and ethnic
 groups. For each ethnic group, men have taken an increasing share of the
 finance wage premium at the expense of women. More specifically, white --
 and, to a lesser degree, Hispanic -- men have enjoyed a disproportionate
 share of the finance wage premium. Financialization has thus been neither
 race nor gender neutral, and is at least in part responsible for the
 stratification effects of the Great Recession. 	 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 152-180 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.795654 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.795654 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Se&#xe7;il A. Kaya Bah&#xe7;e 
Author-X-Name-First: Se&#xe7;il A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaya Bah&#xe7;e 
Author-Name: Emel Memis 
Author-X-Name-First: Emel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Memis 
Title: Estimating the Impact of the 2008--09 Economic Crisis on Work Time in Turkey 
Abstract:
	      Using the first nationwide Turkish Time-Use Survey of 2006,
 this contribution provides estimates of the impact of the 2008--09
 economic crisis on paid and unpaid work time in Turkey. Linking spouse's
 unemployment risk with time-use patterns of women and men, the authors
 find that a 1 percentage point rise in spouse's unemployment risk
 increases women's total work time by 5 percent (22 minutes per day), while
 the rise is 1 percent (2.7 minutes per day) for men. The rise in unpaid
 work time for women is approximately four times more than that for men.
 These differences between women and men are much sharper in urban areas
 than in rural ones. Results support the argument that economic crises
 reinforce the preexisting gender gap in work time. The method developed
 here can be applied to other developing country cases, where there is a
 lack of longitudinal data availability.	  
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 181-207 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.786182 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.786182 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: G&#xfc;nseli Berik 
Author-X-Name-First: G&#xfc;nseli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik 
Author-Name: Ebru Kongar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ebru 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kongar 
Title: Time Allocation of Married Mothers and Fathers in Hard Times: The 2007--09 US Recession 
Abstract:
	      Using American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data for 2003--10, this
 study examines whether the 2007--09 recession contributed to gender
 equality in married mothers' and fathers' paid and unpaid work hours.
 Trend analysis shows that the recession narrowed the disparity in both
 paid and unpaid work hours, as mothers substituted paid work for unpaid
 work and fathers' paid work hours declined. If the jobless recovery after
 June 2009 is included in the recessionary period, hardship in the labor
 market for fathers brought greater gender equality only in paid work.
 Relative to mothers and in an absolute sense, fathers' paid work hours and
 total workload declined and their personal care and leisure time
 increased. These findings suggest an alternative path for moving toward
 equality in workloads that entails gender-equitable job creation, living
 wage, and work--life balance policies. 	 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 208-237 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.798425 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.798425 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huayong Zhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Huayong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhi 
Author-Name: Zhurong Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhurong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Jikun Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jikun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Scott D. Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Author-Name: Andrew D. Mason 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mason 
Title: Impact of the Global Financial Crisis in Rural China: Gender, Off-farm Employment, and Wages 
Abstract:
	      This contribution documents the effect of the global
 financial crisis on women's off-farm employment in China's rural labor
 force. It begins by comparing the difference between the actual off-farm
 employment rate and the off-farm employment rate under the assumption of
 "business as usual" (BAU -- a counterfactual of what off-farm employment
 would have been in the absence of the crisis). The study also examines how
 the impact of the financial crisis hit different segments of the rural
 off-farm labor market. Using a primary dataset, the study found that the
 global financial crisis affected women workers. By April 2009, there was a
 5.3 percentage point difference between off-farm employment under BAU and
 actual off-farm employment for women, and the monthly wages of women
 declined. Most of this impact affected migrant wage earners; however, the
 impact did not fall disproportionately on women. The recovery of women's
 employment was as fast as that of men's employment.	      
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 238-266 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.809137 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.809137 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alma Espino 
Author-X-Name-First: Alma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Espino 
Title: Gender Dimensions of the Global Economic and Financial Crisis in Central America and the Dominican Republic 
Abstract:
	      This contribution analyzes the gender impact of the 2008
 global economic crisis in Central America and the Dominican Republic, with
 special emphasis on work and employment. It also assesses the policies
 adopted by the region's governments to promote economic recovery from a
 gender-equity perspective. The study explores the relationship between the
 situation of women and economic crises in specific economic and social
 contexts. A principal finding of the study highlights that policies
 implemented to combat the crisis have not been able to reduce gender
 inequality. The evolution of principal indicators and the lack of
 attention to gender equality in anti-crisis policies suggest that these
 inequalities could worsen as a result of the crisis. Continued research
 and monitoring of indicators, including changes in practices and customs,
 will contribute to more robust conclusions.	      
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 267-288 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.801558 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.801558 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen 
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen 
Author-Name: Monica Costa 
Author-X-Name-First: Monica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa 
Author-Name: Rhonda Sharp 
Author-X-Name-First: Rhonda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp 
Author-Name: Diane Elson 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson 
Title: Expenditure Incidence Analysis: A Gender-Responsive Budgeting Tool for Educational Expenditure in Timor-Leste? 
Abstract:
				 Gender-disaggregated expenditure incidence
 analysis (EIA) is a tool for assessing the gender responsiveness of
 budgets and policies. However, to date there has been a limited take-up of
 gender-disaggregated EIA in policy and budget decision making. Using data
 from the 2007 Timor-Leste Living Standards Survey (TLLSS) and interviews
 and discussions with stakeholders, this paper conducts an EIA of
 expenditures on public schools and discusses the effectiveness of this
 analysis as an input into budget decision making. While
 gender-disaggregated EIA can assist in identifying gender gaps, its
 potential can only be fulfilled when combined with additional gender
 analysis and supported by a deep understanding of budget decision-making
 processes and the actors involved. The gender-disaggregated EIA of Timor-
 Leste's educational spending confirmed its usefulness as an indicator of
 inequalities in educational expenditure. However, a range of political,
 cultural, and technical barriers constrains the use of
 gender-disaggregated EIA in policy and budget decision making. 	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.830187 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.830187 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecile Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Title: Cooperative Conflicts and Gender Relations: Experimental Evidence from Southeast Uganda 
Abstract:
				 This study analyzes research results from
 experimental games played in the predominantly Bagisu area of Uganda in
 2005. The games were designed to understand how husbands and wives manage
 household funds in relation to Amartya Sen's model of cooperative
 conflicts, which is widely used as a heuristic device for understanding
 intrahousehold bargaining. This study questions Sen's emphasis on the
 lower self-perceptions of personal welfare among women and on the role of
 cash contributions to the household as the basis of bargaining power, and
 it argues for a broader characterization of breakdown positions.	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-47 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.827797 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.827797 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Genny Bonomi 
Author-X-Name-First: Genny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonomi 
Author-Name: Giorgio Brosio 
Author-X-Name-First: Giorgio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brosio 
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso 
Title: The Impact of Gender Quotas on Votes for Women Candidates: Evidence from Italy 
Abstract:
				 To explore the impact of quotas on women's
 political representation, this study estimates a conditional multinomial
 logit for the probability of voting for men and women, utilizing data that
 includes all regional candidates in four Italian regions in 1995 and 2000.
 This regional electoral system allows voters to choose both the party and
 the specific candidate (open-list proportional system). The results show
 that the introduction of a 50 percent gender quota in candidate lists
 leads to a substantial increase in the probability that voters will choose
 women candidates, from 12 to 36 percent. Nevertheless, the probability of
 voting for women (36 percent) is lower than the probability for men (64
 percent). Voters have a male bias in Italy. Both the district size and the
 political party have an effect on the probability of voting for women
 versus men. The more liberal the party is, the higher the probability that
 women receive votes.			     
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 48-75 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.825375 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.825375 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine Erhel 
Author-X-Name-First: Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erhel 
Author-Name: Mathilde Guergoat-Larivi&#xe8;re 
Author-X-Name-First: Mathilde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guergoat-Larivi&#xe8;re 
Title: Labor Market Regimes, Family Policies, and Women's Behavior in the EU 
Abstract:
				 Using the EU-SILC database (2005--06) for
 twenty-four European countries, this article develops a comparative
 perspective on labor market situations of women and mothers with very
 young children in relation to labor market institutions and policies
 (especially childcare and leave schemes). Using multilevel multinomial
 logit models, our results show firstly the heterogeneity of national
 arrangements of women's labor market integration in Europe (including
 among new member states). Secondly, our results show the links between
 some national policy variables and women's behavior, despite the fact that
 individual factors explain labor market situations the most. Women's
 employment is positively related to formal childcare and to
 characteristics of national labor market regimes. The use of informal
 childcare is associated with lower women's employment rates, which might
 be explained by a substitution effect. The employment rate of mothers with
 very young children is positively related to public childcare and
 negatively to parental leave.			       
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 76-109 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.842649 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.842649 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:76-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harald Dale-Olsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Harald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dale-Olsen 
Author-Name: P&#xe5;l Sch&#xf8;ne 
Author-X-Name-First: P&#xe5;l 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sch&#xf8;ne 
Author-Name: Mette Verner 
Author-X-Name-First: Mette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verner 
Title: Diversity among Norwegian Boards of Directors: Does a Quota for Women Improve Firm Performance? 
Abstract:
				 Exploiting the Norwegian boards of
 directors' quota reform of 2003, this study evaluates the impact of
 increased diversity on firm performance. Applying difference-in-difference
 approaches to accounting data covering the period 2003--07, the paper
 compares the return on assets for non-finance public limited companies
 (PLCs) and ordinary limited companies (LTDs), whereof only the former were
 affected by the reform. The impact of the reform on firm performance is
 negligible. Neither changed return on total assets (ROA) nor changed
 operating revenues and cost can be attributed to the reform. However,
 following the reform PLCs have to a larger extent accumulated capital,
 financed by debt or by a combination of debt and own capital.		    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 110-135 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.830188 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.830188 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:110-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mar&#xed;a Jes&uacute;s Vara 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar&#xed;a Jes&uacute;s 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vara 
Title: Gender Inequality in the Spanish Public Pension System 
Abstract:
				 This contribution studies revenue sharing
 in the public pension system in Spain from a gender perspective, revealing
 that differences are evident in the percentage of men and women entitled
 to different types of pensions and in the average fiscal amount per
 pension for men and women. Using 2010 data, the study analyzes how labor
 market conditions are reflected in pension type and amount for women
 pensioners, yielding two important conclusions: the income of women
 pensioners decreases, relative to men, with age; and the degree of
 inequality of pensions among women is lower than that among men. These
 gender differences owe to the contributory character of the system, which
 reproduces the labor market inequalities of both genders -- inequalities
 that ultimately derive from the social division of roles in which women
 remain responsible for unpaid care work. This conclusion is consistent
 with similar studies on other European countries and world regions.	    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 136-159 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.822525 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.822525 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:136-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pilar P&#xe9;rez-Fuentes 
Author-X-Name-First: Pilar 
Author-X-Name-Last: P&#xe9;rez-Fuentes 
Title: Women's Economic Participation on the Eve of Industrialization: Bizkaia, Spain, 1825 
Abstract:
				 This contribution discusses, from the
 regional perspective of Bizkaia, Spain, adult women's labor force
 participation prior to industrialization, including the impact of
 economic, social, and demographic variables, such as family life cycle,
 marriage, and the presence of minor children in the household. Women's
 high level of participation -- 68.6 percent for the entire province --
 varies considerably, depending on local economic conditions. Job
 opportunities for women and socioeconomic characteristics of households
 act as first-order explanatory factors. Women in proto-industrial
 economies, like Bizkaia's, which combined the extraction, transport, and
 marketing of iron with agriculture and fishing, show greater
 participation. Demand for women's labor was linked to jobs without
 recognized qualifications. The association of women's participation with
 demographic variables is not manifest in the historical data. The results
 show that supply factors do not explain the variance in women's activity.  
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 160-180 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.834068 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.834068 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:160-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricardo Hern&#xe1;ndez 
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hern&#xe1;ndez 
Title: Women's Labor Participation Rates in the Kingdom of Castilla in the Eighteenth Century 
Abstract:
				 Labor participation rates are key to
 understanding the economic development of a given region, yet many
 historical studies tend to undervalue women's labor activity. Using
 detailed records from the mid-eighteenth century Ensenada Cadaster (the
 most comprehensive census of the Kingdom of Castilla during this period),
 this study provides a detailed picture of the number of men and women
 engaged in paid work and the types of work they were doing in the region
 during this period. The data include information on marital status, age,
 number of children, and occupation, allowing for an in-depth analysis of
 the weight of women's labor market participation at the time.		    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 181-199 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.837579 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.837579 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:181-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beatrice Zucca Micheletto 
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zucca Micheletto 
Title: Reconsidering Women's Labor Force Participation Rates in Eighteenth-Century Turin 
Abstract:
				 This study presents initial estimates of
 women's labor force participation rates in preindustrial Turin. According
 to the population census of 1802, married women's participation rates were
 conspicuously low compared with the rates of unmarried women and widows
 and therefore deserve additional investigation. First, the study points
 out the value of a methodological approach based on the use of
 nonprincipal breadwinner-oriented sources, such as registers of applicants
 for poor relief. Here, all members of the family were encouraged to
 declare their occupations and activities in some detail in order to
 demonstrate concrete contribution to the survival of the family. Finally,
 the study discusses the occupational patterns of women employed as
 servants and as artisans and laborers in silk manufacturing. This
 highlights the crucial role played by migration flows and by women's
 access to skilled or low-qualified jobs in determining the extent of
 women's participation in preindustrial Turin's labor market.		    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 200-223 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.842283 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.842283 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:200-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristina Border&#xed;as 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Border&#xed;as 
Title: Revisiting Women's Labor Force Participation in Catalonia (1920--36) 
Abstract:
				 This study aims to reconstruct women's
 activity rates in the fourteen leading textile areas of Catalonia, which
 represented 20 percent of the Catalan textile labor force in the first
 third of the twentieth century. This contribution proposes to review
 explanations offered by neoclassical labor economics with regard to the
 determinants of women's labor participation. It assumes that some of these
 hypotheses stem from the frequent under reporting of women's activity,
 particularly those who are married with children. Nominative linkage
 techniques have been used to correct the underregistration of women's
 activity in the Enumerator Books with information from the Labor Census
 from each village. Descriptive as well as analytical statistics provide
 new estimates of women's activity rates for those villages and fresh
 interpretations on the labor supply behavior of women through the life
 cycle. 		    
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 224-242 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2013 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.831181 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.831181 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:19:y:2013:i:4:p:224-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Gale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield 
Author-Name: Dzodzi Tsikata 
Author-X-Name-First: Dzodzi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsikata 
Title: Land, Gender, and Food Security 
Abstract:
 Since 2008, a surge in large-scale land acquisitions, or land grabs, has
 been taking place in low- and middle-income countries around the globe.
 This contribution examines the gendered effects of and responses to these
 deals, drawing on nine studies, which include conceptual framing essays
 that bring in debates about human rights, studies that draw on previous
 waves of land acquisitions globally, and case studies that examine the
 gendered dimensions of land dispossession and loss of common property.
 Three key insights emerge: the evolving gender and land tenure literature
 provides valuable information for understanding the likely effects of land
 deals; some of the land deal issues transcend gender-equity concerns and
 relate to broader problems of dispossession and loss of livelihoods; and
 huge gaps remain in our knowledge of gender and land rights that require
 urgent attention and systematic integration of gender analysis into
 mainstream research.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.895021 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.895021 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:1-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Poul Wisborg 
Author-X-Name-First: Poul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisborg 
Title: Transnational Land Deals and Gender Equality: Utilitarian and Human Rights Approaches 
Abstract:
 Transnational land deals pose vexing normative (ethical) questions, not
 least concerning gendered participation and outcomes. This article
 explores utilitarian and human rights approaches to gender equality in
 selected policy initiatives on the land deals. While global policy
 literature manifests growing attention to women in agriculture, the review
 found the analysis of gender in early policy initiatives to be absent or
 weak. Utilitarian arguments were used to justify deals but rarely
 presented women's participation as a means of social progress or so-called
 smart economics. Human rights documents were more likely to be critical of
 the deals and to mention gender, though with little elaboration. While to
 some extent amended by the emphasis on gender equality in the 2012
 <italic>Voluntary Guidelines</italic> on tenure governance, failures to
 mobilize the feminist potential in utilitarian and human rights approaches
 call for more proactive gender analysis and advocacy when addressing
 transnational land deals as gendered power struggles.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 24-51 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.862341 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.862341 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:24-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ritu Verma 
Author-X-Name-First: Ritu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verma 
Title: Land Grabs, Power, and Gender in East and Southern Africa: So, What's New? 
Abstract:
 When land grabs are viewed from a gendered and historical lens, critical
 questions arise concerning three domains of inquiry about what is arguably
 "new," "foreign," and "large-scale?" They highlight historical
 continuities from the colonial past elite and male capture and gendered
 micro-political land grabs unabated over long periods of time, which once
 aggregated across Sub-Saharan Africa, are large-scale in themselves. This
 contribution reflects on feminist political-ecological research on gender
 and land in Kenya, Mozambique, and Madagascar and provides windows into
 negotiations and contestations in processes of land grabs. It analyzes
 what is new, while considering relations of power and knowledge that shape
 different ways land grabs are named and, therefore, the kinds of actions
 that are subsequently prescribed. Land grabs are occurring in spite of
 strong laws and policies, illustrating the critical role of power
 relations in shaping them.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 52-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.897739 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.897739 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:52-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss 
Author-Name: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meinzen-Dick 
Author-Name: Allan Bomuhangi 
Author-X-Name-First: Allan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bomuhangi 
Title: Who Owns the Land? Perspectives from Rural Ugandans and Implications for Large-Scale Land Acquisitions 
Abstract:
 Rapidly growing demand for agricultural land is putting pressure on
 property-rights systems, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where
 customary tenure systems have provided secure land access. Rapid and
 large-scale demands from outsiders are challenging patterns of gradual,
 endogenous change toward formalization. Little attention has focused on
 the gender dimensions of this transformation. However this contribution,
 based on a 2008-09 study of land tenure in Uganda, analyzes how different
 definitions of land ownership - including household reports, existence of
 ownership documents, and rights over the land - provide very different
 indications of the gendered patterns of land ownership and rights. While
 many households report husbands and wives as joint owners of the land,
 women are less likely to be listed on ownership documents, and have fewer
 rights. A simplistic focus on "title" to land misses much of the reality
 regarding land tenure and could have an adverse impact on women's land
 rights.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 76-100 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.855320 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.855320 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:76-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mwangi wa G&#x129;th&#x129;nji 
Author-X-Name-First: Mwangi 
Author-X-Name-Last: wa G&#x129;th&#x129;nji 
Author-Name: Charalampos Konstantinidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Charalampos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Konstantinidis 
Author-Name: Andrew Barenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barenberg 
Title: Small and Productive: Kenyan Women and Crop Choice 
Abstract:
 The question of gender differences in agricultural productivity has
 received particular attention in the development literature. The stylized
 fact that women produce less than men, while on average occupying smaller
 farms, presents a quandary as it is also a stylized fact that smaller
 farms have higher yields per unit of area. Using data from the 2006 Kenya
 Integrated Household Budget Survey, this study examines whether there is a
 gap in output per acre between men and women farmers in Kenya. Using
 ordinary and two-stage least-squares (OLS and 2SLS) analyses, it shows
 that when crop choice is taken into account, women are as productive as
 men. Specifically, the study finds that market-oriented crops are the
 source of differences. This suggests that further research into what
 determines crop choice is needed, in addition to policy that ensures that
 women have the same access as men to support for market-oriented crops.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 101-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.878467 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.878467 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:101-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marit Widman 
Author-X-Name-First: Marit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Widman 
Title: Land Tenure Insecurity and Formalizing Land Rights in Madagascar: A Gender Perspective on the Certification Program 
Abstract:
 This contribution examines Madagascar's land tenure reform - aimed at
 reducing land tenure insecurity - from a gender perspective. In
 particular, it investigates the certification program issuing formal land
 title deeds (land certificates) to landholders. Drawing on a household
 survey with gender-disaggregated asset data conducted in the rural
 municipality Soavinandriana, the analysis suggests that the certification
 program has strengthened both men's and women's formal claims to
 individually held land. However, the lack of gender equality principles
 and, in particular, of mechanisms to ensure that couples' jointly held
 land is jointly secured, seems to have reinforced primary ownership of
 land by male household heads, at the expense of women's land rights.
 Furthermore, the land tenure reform does not address some of the most
 important threats to tenure security such as colonial titles and
 commercial pressure on land, and large parts of the country are still not
 covered by the certification program.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 130-154 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.873136 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.873136 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:130-154




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyn Ossome 
Author-X-Name-First: Lyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ossome 
Title: Can the Law Secure Women's Rights to Land in Africa? Revisiting Tensions Between Culture and Land Commercialization 
Abstract:
 This contribution is concerned with the challenges of securing women's
 rights to land in Africa in the context of contemporary land deals through
 a discussion of three distinct but interrelated problems in the framing of
 women's land rights discourses. First, this study discusses the interface
 between rights and "custom" to highlight the inherent distortions of
 African customary law. Second, it argues that liberal formulations of the
 law are limited by a set of assumptions regarding women's position in the
 political economy. And third, this discussion discursively assesses the
 debates in the literature regarding the efficacy of law in protecting
 women's rights to land. The discussion proceeds from a critique of two
 approaches to promoting gender equity in land tenure systems: the
 institutional approach, which deals with women's formal land rights; and
 the political economy approach, which deals with the structural nature of
 women's traditional relations to land.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 155-177 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.876506 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.876506 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:155-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Daley 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daley 
Author-Name: Sabine Pallas 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallas 
Title: Women and Land Deals in Africa and Asia: Weighing the Implications and Changing the Game 
Abstract:
 Large-scale land deals have attracted much attention from media and
 policymakers, and several international initiatives are attempting to
 regulate and address the impacts of such deals. Little attention has been
 paid to the gendered implications of such deals in the literature, and
 most regulatory initiatives do not address gender adequately. To fill this
 gap, this contribution identifies implications of land deals for women and
 recommends measures to mitigate negative impacts. It reviews evidence from
 four case studies commissioned for the International Land Coalition (ILC)
 <italic>Global Study of Commercial Pressures on Land</italic> conducted in
 2010. The evidence is analyzed within a framework that posits women's
 vulnerability to land deals as due to four dimensions of underlying
 discrimination. This study analyzes three of these dimensions in depth,
 arguing that women are likely to be affected differently by land deals and
 disproportionately more likely to be negatively affected than men.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 178-201 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.860232 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.860232 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:178-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dzodzi Tsikata 
Author-X-Name-First: Dzodzi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsikata 
Author-Name: Joseph Awetori Yaro 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Awetori 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaro 
Title: When a Good Business Model is Not Enough: Land Transactions and Gendered Livelihood Prospects in Rural Ghana 
Abstract:
 Recent large-scale commercial agriculture projects in developing countries
 have raised concerns about the effects on natural resource-based
 livelihood activities of local people. A significant weakness in the
 emerging literature is the lack of a gender perspective on implications
 for agrarian livelihoods. This article explores the gendered aspects of
 land transactions on livelihood prospects in the Northern Region of Ghana.
 Drawing on qualitative research from two commercial agriculture projects,
 the article examines how pre-existing gender inequalities in agrarian
 production systems, as well as gender biases in project design, are
 implicated in post-project livelihood activities. The article concludes
 that a good business model of a land deal, even one that includes local
 communities in production and profit sharing, is not sufficient to protect
 women's livelihood prospects if projects ignore pre-existing gender
 inequalities and biases, which limit access to opportunities.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 202-226 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.866261 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.866261 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:202-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Noemi Miyasaka Porro 
Author-X-Name-First: Noemi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miyasaka Porro 
Author-Name: Joaquim Shiraishi Neto 
Author-X-Name-First: Joaquim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiraishi Neto 
Title: Coercive Harmony in Land Acquisition: The Gendered Impact of Corporate "Responsibility" in the Brazilian Amazon 
Abstract:
 In rural development, women's access to land is recognized as a condition
 for reaching gender equality. This contribution discusses the tension
 between this formal recognition and concrete realities in rural
 development for traditional Amazonian communities by examining large-scale
 land acquisitions in Brazil, a land-abundant developing country, in the
 wake of the 2007-08 global food price crises. This study applies
 anthropological and legal perspectives to analyze problems related to
 gender inequality caused by large-scale land acquisitions. It argues that
 inequalities cannot be resolved by simply changing regulations related to
 traditional communities' and women's rights and that gender relations and
 land tenure issues reflect interconnected social arrangements based on
 historical specificities of traditional communities. Case studies show
 that land acquisitions by outsiders disrupt these arrangements, despite
 stated commitments to social and environmental responsibility. Such
 "coercive harmony" is only unmasked when communities are conscious of
 their rights, enabling effective use of the legal apparatus.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 227-248 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.876507 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.876507 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:227-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Randy Albelda 
Author-X-Name-First: Randy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albelda 
Author-Name: Michael Carr 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carr 
Title: Double Trouble: US Low-Wage and Low-Income Workers, 1979-2011 
Abstract:
 There is research on low-wage earners and on low-income adults, yet little
 that looks specifically at workers who are both. Changes in antipoverty
 programs and job structure in the United States suggest a rise in this
 group of workers, but not necessarily an accompanying change in the set of
 social protections that might cover them. We track the share of low-wage
 and low-income (LW/LI) workers and their access to a subset of employer
 benefits and antipoverty programs from 1979-2011. We explore changes by
 worker's gender and family status based on feminist labor market and
 welfare state regime research that argues jobs and social protection
 programs are shaped by a heteronormative male-breadwinner model. We find
 increased shares of LW/LI workers; that LW/LI workers are least likely to
 receive antipoverty supports and employer benefits; and evidence for a
 male-breadwinner model in US social protection programs.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-28 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.886125 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.886125 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:1-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boris Branisa 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Branisa 
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Maria Ziegler 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler 
Author-Name: Denis Drechsler 
Author-X-Name-First: Denis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drechsler 
Author-Name: Johannes J&#xfc;tting 
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes 
Author-X-Name-Last: J&#xfc;tting 
Title: The Institutional Basis of Gender Inequality: The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) 
Abstract:
 This study uses variables from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
 and Development (OECD) Centre's Gender, Institutions and Development (GID)
 Database to construct the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) and
 its subindices <italic>Family code, Civil liberties, Physical integrity,
 Son preference</italic>, and <italic>Ownership rights</italic>. Instead of
 measuring gender inequality in outcomes, the SIGI and its subindices
 measure long-lasting social institutions defined as societal practices and
 legal norms that frame gender roles. The SIGI combines them into a
 multidimensional index of women's deprivation caused by gendered social
 institutions. Inspired by the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures, the
 SIGI offers a new way of aggregating gender inequality by penalizing high
 inequality in each dimension and allowing only partial compensation
 between subindices. The indices identify countries and dimensions of
 gendered social institutions that deserve attention. Empirical results
 confirm that the SIGI complements other gender-related indices.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 29-64 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.850523 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.850523 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:29-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jayoung Yoon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jayoung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoon 
Title: Counting Care Work in Social Policy: Valuing Unpaid Child- and Eldercare in Korea 
Abstract:
 This study demonstrates the usefulness of quantifying and valuing time
 spent on unpaid care work and explores the links between social policies,
 unpaid care work, and gender equality in the context of recent social care
 reforms in the Republic of Korea. Using information provided by two
 nationally representative surveys, this article elaborates on the gendered
 organization of care provision and the total costs of care services for
 children and the elderly, including unpaid family care, family
 expenditures on care services, and state support in the form of public
 expenditures. The study finds that omitting the role of family care
 services overestimates the state's role in caring for children and elderly
 adults. A closer look at the impact of long-term care insurance reveals
 the need for integrated analyses of the qualitative and quantitative
 aspects of the social organization of care, especially in regard to gender
 equality.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 65-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.862342 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.862342 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:65-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tindara Addabbo 
Author-X-Name-First: Tindara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Addabbo 
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso 
Author-Name: Anna Maccagnan 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maccagnan 
Title: Gender Differences in Italian Children's Capabilities 
Abstract:
 This paper analyzes children's well-being using the capability approach,
 with a special focus on gender differences. The two areas analyzed are the
 capability of senses, imagination, and thought; and the capability of
 play. Using data from the 2008 Multipurpose Survey on Daily Life released
 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, a structural equation
 model is estimated in which the capabilities are defined as latent
 variables that are intrinsically interrelated. For each capability, a set
 of indicators of functionings is utilized and the effects of individual
 and social conversion factors - including parents' unpaid work, their
 level of education, and employment status - are analyzed. The model is
 applied to Italian girls and boys ages 6-10 in 2008. The analysis confirms
 that the two capabilities are interrelated. Policies aimed at improving
 children's achievements in education also improve the capability of play
 and vice versa. Differences by gender occur in the factors' effects.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 90-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.844846 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.844846 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:90-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maximilian Kasy 
Author-X-Name-First: Maximilian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kasy 
Author-Name: Alvaro Ramos-Chaves 
Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos-Chaves 
Title: The Impact of Changing Family Structures on the Income Distribution among Costa Rican Women 1993-2009 
Abstract:
 Changes in family structures, such as the composition of households with
 respect to size, age, and gender, can have an impact on poverty rates and
 the income distribution more generally. This study analyzes the impact of
 changing family structures on the income distribution among adult Costa
 Rican women between 1993 and 2009, using decomposition methods. There was
 a general increase in the share of family structures associated with lower
 incomes (singles with dependents) until 2001. After 2001, this trend
 reversed for women at the upper end of the income distribution, while it
 continued for women at the lower end. Correspondingly, this study finds a
 general negative effect of changing family structures on incomes of adult
 women until 2001, and an inequality-increasing effect after 2001. The
 change in trends might be due to a law coming into force in 2001 that
 mandated DNA tests for presumptive fathers unwilling to recognize their
 children.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 122-144 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.862343 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.862343 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:122-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein 
Title: Economic Policy and Human Rights: Holding Governments to Account 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 145-149 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.899705 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.899705 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:145-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra H. Strober 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strober 
Title: Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 149-150 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.900569 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.900569 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:149-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alicia Gir&#xf3;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gir&#xf3;n 
Title: Microfinance and Its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 150-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.902089 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.902089 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:150-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Author-Name: Ayesha Khan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ayesha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan 
Title: Cultural Values or Universal Rights? Women's Narratives of Compliance and Contestation in Urban Afghanistan 
Abstract:
 There has been an ideological tug-of-war over women's place in Afghan
 society from the early years of the twentieth century between the
 modernizing tendencies of its urban-based elite and the forces of
 conservatism represented by the Islamic <italic>ulema</italic> (religious
 leaders). Following the US-led invasion and the international donor
 community's subsequent efforts to "develop" the country, this struggle has
 acquired a new lease of life. Current debates reproduce the now familiar
 divide between cultural values and universal rights that characterizes the
 wider feminist literature. While Afghan voices have been part of this
 debate, they tend to be drawn from more educated and politicized groups.
 This paper uses the narratives of a small group of Afghan women from
 poorer urban households to explore how they evaluate the changes that have
 taken place in Afghan society and where their views position them in the
 ongoing debates.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-24 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.926558 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.926558 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen 
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen 
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson 
Author-X-Name-First: Therese 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson 
Author-Name: Rachel Ong 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ong 
Title: The Gender Gap in Financial Security: What We Know and Don't Know about Australian Households 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the gender wealth gap in Australia by examining
 differences in the net worth of households headed by single women and men,
 using data from the 2006 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in
 Australia (HILDA) Survey. It demonstrates that the gender wealth gap is
 concentrated in particular types of assets, and differences in the
 <italic>composition</italic> of wealth, especially in high net worth
 households, are an important feature of the wealth gap in Australia. Using
 decomposition techniques within a quantile regression framework, the study
 explores the effects of individual characteristics of single male and
 female households on their wealth and finds that individual factors play a
 relatively small role in accounting for the large gender wealth gap at the
 top of the wealth distribution. Therefore, differences in the composition
 of men and women's wealth portfolios contribute to the gender wealth gap,
 and future research must account for these differences.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 25-52 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.911413 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.911413 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:25-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andy Thorpe 
Author-X-Name-First: Andy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thorpe 
Author-Name: Nicky Pouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pouw 
Author-Name: Andrew Baio 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baio 
Author-Name: Ranita Sandi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ranita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandi 
Author-Name: Ernest Tom Ndomahina 
Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Tom 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndomahina 
Author-Name: Thomas Lebbie 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lebbie 
Title: "Fishing Na Everybody Business": Women's Work and Gender Relations in Sierra Leone's Fisheries 
Abstract:
 While small-scale fisheries in many developing countries is "everybody's
 business," a gendered labor division concentrates production in the hands
 of fishermen while women dominate postharvest processing and retailing.
 The production bias of fisheries management programs has not only largely
 overlooked the role of fisherwomen, but also marginalized "fish mammies"
 in terms of resources and training. This study draws on three in-country
 fisheries surveys, as well as interviews and focus groups, and employs a
 gender-aware sustainable livelihood framework to make visible the economic
 space occupied by women in Sierra Leone's small-scale fisheries. The study
 highlights how women's variegated access to capital and resources
 interacts with social norms and reproductive work and argues for more
 social and economic investment in women's fish processing and reproductive
 work enabling them to reconcile both roles more effectively.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-77 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.895403 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.895403 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:53-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nitya Rao 
Author-X-Name-First: Nitya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao 
Title: Caste, Kinship, and Life Course: Rethinking Women's Work and Agency in Rural South India 
Abstract:
 This paper reexamines the linkages between women's work, agency, and
 well-being based on a household survey and in-depth interviews conducted
 in rural Tamil Nadu in 2009 and questions the prioritization of workforce
 participation as a path to gender equality. It emphasizes the need to
 unpack the nature of work performed by and available to women and its
 social valuation, as well as women's agency, particularly its implications
 for decision making around financial and nonfinancial household resources
 in contexts of socioeconomic change. The effects of work participation on
 agency are mediated by factors like age and stage in the life cycle,
 reproductive success, and social location - especially of caste - from
 which women enter the workforce.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 78-102 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.923578 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.923578 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:78-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop 
Author-Name: Luuk van Kempen 
Author-X-Name-First: Luuk 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Kempen 
Author-Name: Rik Linssen 
Author-X-Name-First: Rik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Linssen 
Author-Name: Anouka van Eerdewijk 
Author-X-Name-First: Anouka 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Eerdewijk 
Title: Women's Autonomy and Subjective Well-Being: How Gender Norms Shape the Impact of Self-Help Groups in Odisha, India 
Abstract:
 This paper presents impact estimates of women's self-help group (SHG)
 membership on subjective well-being in Odisha, India, using 2008 survey
 data in a quasi-experimental design. It finds that, while there is
 evidence of a positive impact of SHG membership on women's autonomy, on
 average, SHG membership does not affect subjective well-being. However,
 results also reveal that for members living in communities with relatively
 conservative gender norms among nonmembers, subjective well-being is
 notably lower. The authors interpret this finding as evidence that these
 SHG members feel a loss of identity - a problem that looms larger when
 women's enhanced autonomy implies a stronger violation of gender norms at
 the community level. In these communities, social-sanctioning mechanisms
 contribute to a negative impact of women's SHGs on subjective well-being,
 as evidenced by qualitative accounts of women's empowerment trajectories
 in the research area.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 103-135 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.893388 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.893388 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:103-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Francisco Mart&#xed;n-Ugedo 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Francisco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart&#xed;n-Ugedo 
Author-Name: Antonio Minguez-Vera 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minguez-Vera 
Title: Firm Performance and Women on the Board: Evidence from Spanish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 
Abstract:
 This study examines gender diversity on boards of
 directors in a sample of nonfinancial Spanish small and medium-sized
 enterprises (SMEs) for 2003-8, finding that the probability of women on
 the board increases with firm performance, defined as return on assets,
 and family ownership, but diminishes with corporate ownership and firm
 risk. It also finds, when examining the full sample, a positive effect of
 the presence of women board members on firm performance. The study also
 obtains a similar positive effect in most subsamples, including in firms
 with corporate ownership, where family connections play less role in the
 election of board members, and in firms in the secondary and tertiary
 sectors, which are characterized by having greater proximity to final
 consumers than those in the primary sector.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 136-162 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.895404 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.895404 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:136-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia Peinado 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peinado 
Title: A Dynamic Gender Analysis of Spain's Pension Reforms of 2011 
Abstract:
 Gender differences in the labor market have been
 widely studied and discussed in terms of both research and public policy.
 One of the contributions of feminist economics has been to analyze and
 demonstrate links between gendered labor market experience and retirement
 incomes. This paper presents a methodology to study the dynamics of gender
 differences among retirees in Spain. The study provides a way to predict
 the effects of government policies proposed in 2011 that change the
 institutional framework of social security systems in an effort to address
 the fiscal challenges of an aging population.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 163-190 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.897738 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.897738 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:163-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Tescari 
Author-X-Name-First: Alice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tescari 
Author-Name: Andrea Vaona 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaona 
Title: Gender Employment Disparities, Financialization, and Profitability Dynamics on the Eve of Italy's Post-2008 Crisis 
Abstract:
 This study explores aggregate profitability in Italy from 1994 to 2008 in
 its connection with structural change and gender employment disparities.
 Using decomposition analysis, the study finds that aggregate profit rate
 declined, but the profit share did not. Male variables - such as earnings,
 output, employment, and working hours - tended to have more weight than
 female ones in explaining aggregate outcomes. Structural change also
 played a major role, as the economy specialized in sectors with falling
 real wages and wage shares, especially the financial sector and
 construction. Further falls in the wage share and widening wage gaps may
 not guarantee a rise in profitability. This result entails that
 "neo-mercantilist" approaches to solve the crisis might only prepare the
 next crisis, while a coordinated expansion of demand could be more
 successful. Moreover, gender issues should not be neglected in terms of
 favoring women's employment and entrepreneurship.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 191-209 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.922691 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.922691 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:191-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Connelly 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connelly 
Author-Name: Jean Kimmel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimmel 
Title: If You're Happy and You Know It: How Do Mothers and Fathers in the US Really Feel about Caring for Their Children? 
Abstract:
 This paper considers the question posed by popular media: Do women like
 doing childcare more than men? Using contemporaneous subjective well-being
 data paired with 24-hour time diaries from the 2010 American Time Use
 Survey, the paper explores gender differences in how mothers and fathers
 feel when engaged in a set of common daily activities. We find that both
 mothers and fathers engaged in child caregiving enjoy their time spent in
 child caregiving; fathers as much, or even more so, than mothers as
 evidenced by their average values for happiness, meaningfulness,
 tiredness, and stress and an aggregated statistic, the unpleasantness
 index. Simulations provide evidence that the difference between mothers
 and fathers comes almost completely from differences in their subjective
 well-being rather than from differences in how they use their time.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.970210 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.970210 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:1-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seema Vyas 
Author-X-Name-First: Seema 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vyas 
Author-Name: Jessie Mbwambo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbwambo 
Author-Name: Lori Heise 
Author-X-Name-First: Lori 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heise 
Title: Women's Paid Work and Intimate Partner Violence: Insights from Tanzania 
Abstract:
 Theoretical and empirical research provide conflicting views on whether
 women who do paid work are less at risk from violence by an intimate
 partner in low- and middle-income countries. Economic household-bargaining
 models propose increased access to monetary resources will enhance women's
 "agency" and hence their bargaining power within the household, which
 reduces their vulnerability to intimate-partner violence. Feminist
 theorists also argue, however, that culture, context, and social norms can
 impede women's ability to access and benefit from employment. This study
 uses semi-structured interviews conducted in 2009 to explore the
 implications of paid work among women market traders in Dar es Salaam and
 Mbeya, Tanzania. While in this sample, informal-sector work did not result
 in women being able to fully exercise agency, their access to money did
 have a positive effect on their lives and reduced one major source of
 conflict and trigger for violence: that of negotiating money from men.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 35-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.935796 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.935796 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:35-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marit R&#xf8;nsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marit 
Author-X-Name-Last: R&#xf8;nsen 
Author-Name: Ragni Hege Kitter&#xf8;d 
Author-X-Name-First: Ragni Hege 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kitter&#xf8;d 
Title: Gender-Equalizing Family Policies and Mothers' Entry into Paid Work: Recent Evidence From Norway 
Abstract:
 Universal parental leaves with job protection and earnings compensation
 increase women's labor market attachment, but very long leaves may have
 negative consequences at both individual and societal levels. Using panel
 data from the period 1996-2010, we study whether it is possible to offset
 the potential negative effects on women's labor supply of long parental
 leaves by policies targeted especially at fathers, and policies making
 formal daycare cheaper and more easily available. Norway is used as
 example, since all recent extensions in the parental leave scheme have
 been reserved for fathers and at the same time the daycare sector has
 expanded rapidly. We find that Norwegian mothers did enter work faster
 after childbirth in the late 2000s than a decade earlier. The latest
 initiatives may thus have contributed to a shortening of women's career
 interruptions and a more equal division of paid and unpaid work among
 parents.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 59-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.927584 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.927584 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:59-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Hammarstedt 
Author-X-Name-First: Mats 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hammarstedt 
Author-Name: Ali M. Ahmed 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed 
Author-Name: Lina Andersson 
Author-X-Name-First: Lina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson 
Title: Sexual Prejudice and Labor Market Outcomes for Gays and Lesbians: Evidence from Sweden 
Abstract:
 This paper presents results from a study of sexual prejudice and
 differentials in labor market outcomes due to sexual orientation. It uses
 data from a nationwide Swedish survey on public attitudes toward
 homosexuals, conducted in 1999, and combines them with register data for
 2007, which include information about sexual orientation, employment
 status, and yearly earnings for the total population in Sweden. It finds
 that prejudice against homosexuals negatively affects the relative
 employment and relative earnings of gay men. Lesbians are affected
 negatively by prejudice against homosexuals in terms of employment, but
 the relationship is less clear in regard to earnings. Discrimination
 against homosexuals, as well as social norms, occupational sorting and
 self-selection in, geographic mobility are presented as explanations for
 the results.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 90-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.937727 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.937727 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:90-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aniruddha Mitra 
Author-X-Name-First: Aniruddha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra 
Author-Name: James T. Bang 
Author-X-Name-First: James T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bang 
Author-Name: Arnab Biswas 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnab 
Author-X-Name-Last: Biswas 
Title: Gender Equality and Economic Growth: Is it Equality of Opportunity or Equality of Outcomes? 
Abstract:
 This article explores the impact of gender equality on economic growth. In
 particular, we focus on the <italic>multidimensional</italic> nature of
 gender equality with the object of identifying the relative salience of
 different aspects of equality. Using exploratory factor analysis on five
 measures of gender equality, we identify two distinct dimensions: equality
 of economic opportunities and equality in economic and political outcomes.
 Regression analysis conducted on an unbalanced panel of 101 countries
 taken over nonoverlapping five-year periods from 1990 to 2000 reveals that
 a standard deviation improvement in equality in economic opportunity
 increases growth by 1.3 percentage points and a corresponding improvement
 in participatory equality improves growth by an average of about 1.2
 percentage points. However, this impact is contingent on a country's stage
 of development: while developing economies experience significant
 improvements in growth from greater equality in opportunity, developed
 societies see significant improvements resulting from greater equality in
 outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 110-135 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.930163 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.930163 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:110-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Rudolf 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rudolf 
Author-Name: Sung-Jin Kang 
Author-X-Name-First: Sung-Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang 
Title: Lags and Leads in Life Satisfaction in Korea: When Gender Matters 
Abstract:
 Using detailed longitudinal data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel
 Study (KLIPS) from 1998 to 2008, this paper finds significant gender
 differences in impacts as well as adaptation patterns to major life and
 labor market events in Korea. Men remain on a higher happiness level
 throughout marriage, while women return to their baseline happiness within
 only two years. Consequently, men suffer more from divorce and the death
 of a spouse. This marital gender happiness gap is equivalent to a (husband
 only) increase of annual per capita household income of approximately
 US$17,800. The study further finds that men suffer more from unemployment.
 Results are robust to the inclusion of multiple simultaneous events and
 the use of different estimators.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 136-163 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.967708 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.967708 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:1:p:136-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Humphries 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries 
Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 164-173 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.950679 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.950679 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyn Power 
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Power 
Title: Challenging Knowledge, Sex and Power: Gender, Work and Engineering 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 173-176 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.944200 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.944200 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane Perrons 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrons 
Title: Gender and Well-Being: The Role of Institutions 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 176-180 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.934876 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.934876 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Saras&uacute;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saras&uacute;a 
Title: Travail f&#xe9;minin: Retour &#xe0; l'ordre! L'offensive contre le travail des femmes durant la crise &#xe9;conomique des ann&#xe9;es 1930 [Women's work: Back to order! The offensive against women's work during the economic crisis of the 1930s] 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 180-185 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.934875 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.934875 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abena D. Oduro 
Author-X-Name-First: Abena D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduro 
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere 
Author-Name: Zachary B. Catanzarite 
Author-X-Name-First: Zachary B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Catanzarite 
Title: Women's Wealth and Intimate Partner Violence: Insights from Ecuador and Ghana 
Abstract:
 Intimate partner violence (IPV) by men against their partners is one of
 the most glaring indicators of women's lack of empowerment. Drawing upon
 the 2010 Ecuador Household Asset Survey (EAFF) and the 2010 Ghana
 Household Asset Survey (GHAS), nationally representative surveys for
 Ecuador and Ghana, respectively, this study investigates the relationship
 between women's ownership of assets and physical and emotional abuse by
 spouses against currently partnered women over the previous twelve months.
 It uses the value of a woman's total assets compared to those of her
 partner as the main proxy for a woman's bargaining power. Differentiating
 between physical and emotional violence in both countries, the study finds
 that women's share of couple wealth is significantly associated with lower
 odds of physical violence in Ecuador and emotional violence in Ghana.
 Moreover, the association between women's share of couple wealth and IPV
 is contingent on the household's position in the wealth distribution.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-29 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.997774 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.997774 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haimanti Bhattacharya 
Author-X-Name-First: Haimanti 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharya 
Title: Spousal Violence and Women's Employment in India 
Abstract:
 This study analyzes women's experiences of physical or sexual spousal
 violence as a correlate of their employment. Based on the 2005-6 National
 Family Health Survey III, a nationally representative dataset from India,
 the analysis illustrates that married women who experienced spousal
 violence are more likely to be employed and are also more likely to work
 for cash remuneration and be employed year-round. These results may appear
 to suggest that spousal violence is associated with higher likelihood of
 married women seeking financial self-reliance. However, investigation of
 who decides how to spend women's earnings reveals that Indian women who
 experienced spousal violence are less likely to have a say in that vital
 decision, which suggests that women who experience spousal violence may
 also be more susceptible to financial exploitation. The evidence further
 indicates a need for caution among analyses that uniformly embrace
 employment as a financial empowerment tool for women.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 30-52 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.994653 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.994653 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bipasha Baruah 
Author-X-Name-First: Bipasha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baruah 
Title: Creating Opportunities for Women in the Renewable Energy Sector: Findings from India 
Abstract:
 This paper identifies opportunities and constraints that low-income women
 face in accessing livelihoods in the renewable-energy sector in India
 through qualitative and quantitative research conducted in collaboration
 with The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) and the Self Employed Women's
 Association (SEWA) in 2012-13. Whereas previous research has focused on
 women mostly as end users of solar and biomass technologies, this research
 attempts also to understand women's potential as entrepreneurs,
 facilitators, designers, and innovators. Findings reveal that although
 access to technology and employment in the energy sector is limited by
 inadequate purchasing power and low social status, there is tremendous
 potential to create livelihoods for women at all levels of the energy
 supply chain. Broader findings indicate that women can gain optimal
 traction from employment in the energy sector only if there are wider
 socially progressive policies in place, including state intervention to
 create a robust social welfare infrastructure and accessible,
 high-quality, public services.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 53-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.990912 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.990912 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Ickowitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Amy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ickowitz 
Author-Name: Lisa Mohanty 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohanty 
Title: Why Would She? Polygyny and Women's Welfare in Ghana 
Abstract:
 This study examines whether polygynous marriages are beneficial to women
 in Ghana. While some scholars claim that women benefit from such marriages
 in terms of higher consumption or leisure time, others believe that such
 relationships can be oppressive for women, as compared to monogamous
 relationships. Using household data from the 2005/6 Ghanaian Living
 Standards Measurement Survey V and the 2008 Ghanaian Demographic Health
 Survey, this study finds little evidence to support the view that women
 experience economic benefits from these unions. Polygynous women in Ghana
 tend to be more accepting of and experience more domestic violence, and
 they have less decision-making power within the household than women in
 monogamous marriages. Thus, there seems to be more evidence to support the
 view of polygyny as an oppressive institution rather than the outcome of a
 woman's rational choice.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 77-104 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.992931 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.992931 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natascha Wagner 
Author-X-Name-First: Natascha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner 
Author-Name: Matthias Rieger 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rieger 
Title: Polygyny and Child Growth: Evidence From Twenty-Six African Countries 
Abstract:
 Using household data from twenty-six African countries, this study
 examines the correlation between four measures of polygyny and child
 growth. External validity is added to existing small-sample evidence by
 investigating this correlation across many countries and by controlling
 for, as well as exploring, sources of heterogeneity at the regional,
 country, household, and maternal level. Household fixed-effects models
 indicate that the children of monogamous mothers have significantly
 greater height-for-age z-scores than children of polygynous mothers. Also,
 a low ranking in the hierarchy of mothers and the ratio of married women
 to men are negatively correlated with child height. The correlation varies
 widely across countries and is strongest for multigenerational polygynous
 households.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 105-130 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.927953 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.927953 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjukta Chaudhuri 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjukta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhuri 
Title: Excess Female Infant Mortality And The Gender Gap In Infant Care In Bihar, India 
Abstract:
 This paper analyzes excess female infant mortality and the gender gap in
 infant care in the East-Central state of Bihar, India. Using pooled data
 from three waves of the National Family Health Surveys (1992-3; 1998-9;
 2005-6) in a panel analysis, it compares female infant mortality rates in
 Bihar to those in thirteen major Indian states. These comparisons suggest
 that females in Bihar experience a statistically significant excess infant
 mortality when compared to female infants in less gender-biased states in
 eastern, western, and southern regions, but not when compared to more
 gender-biased states in northern and central regions. An estimated 23
 percent of female infant deaths in Bihar are excess. Examination of infant
 care demonstrates that a gender gap in Bacillus Calmette-Gu&#xe9;rin (BCG)
 vaccination is the single most important driver of excess female infant
 mortality, followed by gaps in vaccination for polio; diphtheria,
 pertussis, tuberculosis (DPT); and measles.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 131-161 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.999007 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.999007 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amarakoon Bandara 
Author-X-Name-First: Amarakoon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandara 
Title: The Economic Cost of Gender Gaps in Effective Labor: Africa's Missing Growth Reserve 
Abstract:
 This study analyzes the impact of the gender gap in effective labor -
 defined as the combined effect of the gender gaps in labor force
 participation and education - on economic output per worker. The results
 indicate that the gender gap in effective labor has a negative effect on
 the economic output per worker in African countries. A 1 percent increase
 in the gender gap in effective labor leads to a reduction in output per
 worker by 0.43-0.49 percent in Africa overall, 0.29-0.50 percent in
 Sub-Saharan Africa, and 0.26-0.32 percent in a wider group of countries
 from Africa and Asia. The total annual economic losses due to gender gaps
 in effective labor could be as high as US$255 billion for the African
 region. Results confirm that Africa is missing its full growth potential
 because a sizeable portion of its growth reserve - women - is not fully
 utilized.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 162-186 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.986153 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dainn Wie 
Author-X-Name-First: Dainn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wie 
Author-Name: Hyoungjong Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoungjong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Between Calm and Passion: The Cooling-Off Period and Divorce Decisions in Korea 
Abstract:
 Research in behavioral economics suggests that a cooling-off period can
 address decision-making errors caused by projection bias, which drives
 people to make the wrong prediction when affected by an immediate
 emotional state. Using the unique, natural experiment of a mandated
 divorce cooling-off period in Korea, a difference-in-differences (DD)
 estimation of the impact of such a cooling-off period on divorce outcomes
 shows that the cooling-off period increases filing cancellation and
 reduces finalized divorce rates without any effect on initial divorce
 filing rates. Estimates indicate that the number of divorces finalized
 decreases by approximately 9 percent, and that this effect is consistent
 over the long run. Research also shows that couples who have undergone a
 prior separation period or have conclusive causes to divorce do not
 respond to the cooling-off period, suggesting that emotional state at the
 time of decision is the driving force of observed dynamic inconsistency.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 187-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.999008 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.999008 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:2:p:187-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abena D. Oduro 
Author-X-Name-First: Abena D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduro 
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren 
Author-X-Name-First: Irene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren 
Title: Engendering Economic Policy in Africa 
Abstract:
 Despite Africa's relatively commendable growth performance since 2000,
 growth has not been accompanied by structural transformations. First,
 there has been little diversification from agriculture into industry,
 particularly manufacturing. Second, the poverty headcount and inequality
 remain high in many countries, even as African countries continue to rank
 lowest on the United Nations Development Programme's Gender Inequality
 Index. This contribution goes beyond the individualistic approach of
 supply-side policies and unveils deeper mechanisms that need to be tackled
 for the two transformations (diversification and inequality reduction) to
 occur. It demonstrates that gender inequality relies on unwritten but
 dominant social norms, hence, informal institutions. The removal of formal
 legislation that constrains women's agency, the enactment of formal laws,
 and the implementation of economic policies designed specifically to
 create incentives for behavior change are recommended.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-22 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1059467 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1059467 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krista Jacobs 
Author-X-Name-First: Krista 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs 
Author-Name: Aslihan Kes 
Author-X-Name-First: Aslihan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kes 
Title: The Ambiguity of Joint Asset Ownership: Cautionary Tales From Uganda and South Africa 
Abstract:
 This study uses individual-level survey data from women and men in Uganda
 and South Africa to examine coupled women's joint ownership of land and
 housing. It compares women's control over and benefits from jointly held
 land and housing with those of coupled women not owning land or housing at
 all and coupled women owning them solely. The lack of a clear and
 consistent advantage of joint ownership potentially arises from frequent
 disagreement within couples about whether the land or house is jointly
 owned. The study serves as a reminder of the complexities of joint
 ownership in practice, particularly within families, that need to be
 considered in order for coupled women to benefit from joint asset
 ownership. Efforts promoting joint ownership, for example, joint titling
 and marital property laws supporting joint ownership, should not only
 consider these complexities but also establish and communicate clear and
 enforceable rules for joint ownership.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 23-55 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.926559 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.926559 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yetunde A. Aluko 
Author-X-Name-First: Yetunde A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aluko 
Title: Patriarchy and Property Rights among Yoruba Women in Nigeria 
Abstract:
 In most patriarchal societies, women's property rights are often achieved
 vicariously, usually through their husbands. By contrast, among the Yoruba
 of Nigeria, women have some levels of autonomy and independence such that
 they can accumulate property to which their husbands have no claim, yet
 they customarily do not have any inheritance right to their husbands'
 property. This study examines how this gender-equitable property rights
 regime affects gender relations at the household and societal levels
 through in-depth interviews conducted in 2012 with fifty-six purposively
 selected women property owners who lived in urban Ibadan, Nigeria.
 Findings include that though economic power has improved the status of the
 women and contributes to development of their communities, it has not yet
 translated into equity in decision making. More than economic power is
 required to attain equality. The capability of defining goals and acting
 upon them is also critical.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 56-81 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1015591 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1015591 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:56-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evelyn F. Wamboye 
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wamboye 
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino 
Title: Gender Effects of Trade Openness in Sub-Saharan Africa 
Abstract:
 More than thirty years into the modern era of globalization, scholars are
 now in a position to evaluate the distributive effects of the policy
 shifts that have led to greater economic integration. One region of the
 world for which little robust empirical evidence exists on gendered
 employment effects is Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To identify whether there
 is an impact of economic and trade structure on women's relative access to
 work, this contribution empirically explores these issues for thirty-eight
 SSA countries, and for two subgroups. Panel data for the period 1991-2010
 is examined using fixed effects, random effects and two-stage
 least-squares estimation techniques. Findings suggest that trade
 liberalization has gendered employment effects, with the direction
 depending on the structure of the economy. However, the more robust
 finding is that a country's infrastructure has played a determining role
 in gendered labor market outcomes in SSA since the early 1990s.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 82-113 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.927583 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.927583 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:82-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Apollo M. Nkwake 
Author-X-Name-First: Apollo M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nkwake 
Title: Spousal Wealth and Fathers' Involvement in Childcare in Uganda 
Abstract:
 The redistribution of household work is considered essential for
 effectively empowering women. This study examines the extent to which
 fathers' evaluation of their wealth in relation to their wives' influences
 fathers' willingness to participate in childcare, a domain traditionally
 gender ascribed to wives. Data were gathered from a mothers' survey and a
 fathers' survey, each with a sample of 200, conducted in a rural and an
 urban district in Uganda in 2008. The study compares mean scores for
 perception and practice indices across three wealth categories: "wife is
 wealthier than husband," "husband is wealthier than wife," and "shared or
 equal wealth." Data show that fathers are more likely to engage in
 childcare when husbands and wives share or have equal wealth than when
 there are wealth differences between spouses. The results suggest that
 policy should focus on raising women's economic endowment as well as
 public education that encourages progressive perceptions of gender roles.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 114-141 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1040047 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1040047 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:114-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Els Lecoutere 
Author-X-Name-First: Els 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lecoutere 
Author-Name: Ben D'Exelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Exelle 
Author-Name: Bjorn Van Campenhout 
Author-X-Name-First: Bjorn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Campenhout 
Title: Sharing Common Resources in Patriarchal and Status-Based Societies: Evidence from Tanzania 
Abstract:
 In rural African societies, socioeconomic differentiation linked to gender
 and social status exerts an important influence on the distribution of
 common-pool resources. Through a behavioral experiment conducted in 2008
 in rural Tanzania, this contribution examines the influence of gender and
 social status on distribution behavior of users of self-governed common
 watersheds. It finds that men and women with low social status distribute
 water equally when water is abundant but keep larger shares when water is
 scarce, although low-status women try to be as fair as possible at the
 expense of their returns from irrigated agriculture. Men of high social
 status keep more than half of the available water for themselves, both in
 abundance and scarcity, and deprive others from sizeable returns from
 irrigated agriculture. Women of high social status share altruistically
 when water is abundant and equally when water is scarce, giving up on
 returns from irrigated agriculture.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 142-167 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1024274 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1024274 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bilisuma Bushie Dito 
Author-X-Name-First: Bilisuma Bushie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dito 
Title: Women's Intrahousehold Decision-Making Power and Their Health Status: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia 
Abstract:
 This study examines how various determinants of women's decision-making
 power affect their health status in rural Ethiopia. It identifies the
 determinants of women's decision-making power using a qualitative survey
 conducted over 2008-9, and it investigates their effects on women's health
 status using the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey panel dataset for the
 period 1994-2004. The study finds that women's health status is positively
 associated with their education, the number of brothers they have, whether
 they live in their birthplace, and whether their age is close to that of
 their husband. In contrast, women's health is negatively associated with
 whether they are in a marriage of their choice compared to an arranged
 marriage. The study concludes that multiple factors originating from
 context-specific gender norms affect women's decision-making power and
 have differential effects on women's health outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 168-190 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1007073 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1007073 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:168-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Allison Loconto 
Author-X-Name-First: Allison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Loconto 
Title: Can Certified-Tea Value Chains Deliver Gender Equality in Tanzania? 
Abstract:
 A popular approach over the past twenty years has been to rely upon
 voluntary standards as a means to make claims, measure, and judge whether
 a number of social-equity concerns exist in private-sector practices. But
 can voluntary standards deliver gender equity? This contribution responds
 to this question by exploring how standards and gendered division of labor
 interact in certified-tea value chains (for example, Ethical Tea
 Partnership, Fairtrade, Organic, and Rainforest Alliance) in Tanzania. The
 results of this mixed-method study (2008-10, 2013) contribute to the
 literature on gender equity and standards by building on the gendered
 value-chain approach to analyze these complex and contextual interactions.
 The study proposes that there is a need to focus on the interactions
 between men and women with different skills and training that contribute
 to how equitably their roles are distributed in the certified-tea value
 chains.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 191-215 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.1001765 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.1001765 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:191-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isma&euml;l Fofana 
Author-X-Name-First: Isma&euml;l 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fofana 
Title: Gender Analysis of the Policy Responses to High Oil Prices: A Case Study of South Africa 
Abstract:
 The 2007-8 surge in oil prices has created concern about its impacts on
 poor and vulnerable populations in developing countries. Government
 management of the energy crisis was shown to be important in reducing
 adverse impacts. This study uses an applied general equilibrium framework
 to examine alternative policy and external shocks with the recent surge in
 oil prices in South Africa through a gender lens. Simulation results show
 that although the 2007-8 energy crisis contributed to slowing down South
 African gross domestic product (GDP) growth and reducing employment and
 earnings, the distributional impact between men and women has been
 neutral. This neutrality is driven by an increase in capital inflows,
 which has mitigated the exchange rate depreciation owing to the oil price
 hike. Without an increase in capital inflows, the crisis would have
 significantly depreciated the exchange rate and contributed to decreasing
 women's market opportunities and increasing women's workload as compared
 to men.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 216-240 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1023330 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1023330 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:3:p:216-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inmaculada Cebri&#xe1;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Inmaculada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cebri&#xe1;n 
Author-Name: Gloria Moreno 
Author-X-Name-First: Gloria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno 
Title: The Effects of Gender Differences in Career Interruptions on the Gender Wage Gap in Spain 
Abstract:
 The aim of this paper is to measure the influence of past employment
 interruptions on current wages and to analyze how these interruptions
 contribute to the gender wage gap. The discontinuity in labor trajectories
 of Spanish employees from 2005 to 2010 is examined by measuring the
 duration of unemployment periods from employees' first Social Security
 affiliation to the last job at which they were employed. Through the use
 of the database "Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales" (MCVL), the
 estimated gender wage gap is found to be 13.1 percent. Introducing an
 index of interruptions as an explanatory variable, the results show that
 interruptions have a negative impact on both men's and women's wages.
 These interruptions explain 7.4 percent of the daily gender wage gap in
 Spain, primarily because women experience more interruptions in employment
 than men.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-27 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1008534 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1008534 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:1-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Amin 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amin 
Author-Name: Asif Islam 
Author-X-Name-First: Asif 
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam 
Title: Does Mandating Nondiscrimination in Hiring Practices Influence Women's Employment? Evidence Using Firm-Level Data 
Abstract:
 This study explores the relationship between mandating a nondiscrimination
 clause in hiring practices along gender lines and the employment of women
 versus men in fifty-eight developing countries. Using data from the World
 Bank's Enterprise Surveys (2006-10), the study finds a strong positive
 relationship between the nondiscrimination clause and women's relative to
 men's employment. The relationship is robust to a large number of controls
 at the firm and country level. Results also show sharp heterogeneity in
 the relationship between the nondiscrimination clause and women's versus
 men's employment, with the relationship being much bigger in richer
 countries and in countries with more women in the population as well as
 among relatively smaller firms.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 28-60 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.1000354 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.1000354 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:28-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert G. Blanton 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanton 
Author-Name: Shannon Lindsey Blanton 
Author-X-Name-First: Shannon Lindsey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanton 
Title: Is Foreign Direct Investment "Gender Blind"? Women's Rights as a Determinant of US FDI 
Abstract:
 The impact of women's rights on a country's competitiveness in the global
 economy is a source of contention. While educational opportunities for
 women, as well as political empowerment, are linked to a variety of
 positive outcomes, the impact of economic rights is mixed. Toward better
 understanding these issues, we focus on the role of women's rights in
 attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Though foreign capital plays a
 key role in the development strategies of many countries, and many of the
 growth areas in FDI rely heavily on women's labor, extant literature on
 the determinants of FDI largely ignores gender. To gain insight into these
 issues, we examine the impact of women's political, economic, and
 educational rights across four different types of US FDI into the
 developing world. We find a mixed relationship between women's rights and
 FDI that varies across industrial sectors.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 61-88 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1006651 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1006651 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:61-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helena Marques 
Author-X-Name-First: Helena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marques 
Title: Does the Gender of Top Managers and Owners Matter for Firm Exports? 
Abstract:
 How are export propensity and intensity affected by gender? Data from the
 World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (waves 2006-07, 2009-10) are used in a
 cross-country analysis to investigate whether export propensity and
 intensity differ according to the gender of top managers and
 entrepreneurs. Exporting is riskier than selling domestically and women,
 on average, tend to be more risk averse than men. Exporting entails costs,
 and women may have reduced access to finance compared to men. Most firms
 managed or solely owned by women are young and small and may have more
 difficulty obtaining credit. Women may self-select into routine sectors
 with lower mean productivity. Unlike most previous research, here the
 gender effect only takes into account firms where women have
 decision-making power. Accounting for the endogeneity of firm
 productivity, firm self-selection into exporting, and several factors
 influencing export propensity and intensity, the gender effect operates
 indirectly via some of those factors.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 89-117 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1029958 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1029958 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:89-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Fern&#xe1;ndez-L&#xf3;pez 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fern&#xe1;ndez-L&#xf3;pez 
Author-Name: Milagros Vivel-B&uacute;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Milagros 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vivel-B&uacute;a 
Author-Name: Luis Otero-Gonz&#xe1;lez 
Author-X-Name-First: Luis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Otero-Gonz&#xe1;lez 
Author-Name: Pablo Dur&#xe1;n-Santomil 
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dur&#xe1;n-Santomil 
Title: Exploring The Gender Effect On Europeans' Retirement Savings 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates whether European women have the same probability
 of saving for retirement as European men and if driving factors for this
 saving behavior differ by gender. The evidence is based on a sample of
 6,036 individuals from eight European countries (France, Germany, Italy,
 the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The
 results show that European women are less likely to save for retirement
 than men, although the determinants of this decision are similar for both
 genders. Moreover, the results suggest that country-level institutional
 factors play a more important role on the individual's retirement
 attitudes than gender differences.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 118-150 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1005653 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1005653 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:118-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Marc&#xe9;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marc&#xe9;n 
Title: Divorce and the Birth Control Pill in the US, 1950-85 
Abstract:
 This paper explores the relationship between the advent of the birth
 control pill and divorce rates. Women using the pill can decide when and
 whether to have children and whether to maintain their attachment to the
 labor force. This ability may increase women's autonomy, making divorce
 more feasible. The pill's effects are identified through a
 quasi-experiment exploiting differences in the language of the Comstock
 anti-obscenity statutes approved in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the
 United States. Empirical evidence from state-level data on US divorce
 rates 1950 to 1985 shows that sales bans of oral contraceptives have a
 negative impact on divorce. These findings are robust to alternative
 specifications and controls for observed (such as women's labor force
 participation) and unobserved state-specific factors, and time-varying
 factors at the state level. Results suggest that the impact of women's
 control of hormonal contraception on their autonomy is important in
 divorce decisions.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 151-174 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1027246 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1027246 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:151-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kitae Sohn 
Author-X-Name-First: Kitae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohn 
Title: The Gender Gap in Earnings Among Teachers: The Case of Iowa in 1915 
Abstract:
 This paper draws on the 1915 Iowa State Census Report to decompose the
 gender gap in earnings into explained and unexplained parts. A novel
 feature is that the decomposition is performed not only at the mean but
 also over the entire distribution of earnings. In addition, an entire
 state, rather than a few cities, is considered. This paper finds that at
 least 25.6 percent, and probably more, of the gap is unexplained by the
 main observable characteristics at the mean. More interestingly, the
 unexplained part grows moving up the distribution of earnings, which
 indicates the possibility of a glass-ceiling effect for women. Results
 provide new insight into gender wage gaps among the highly educated,
 theories and empirical analysis in labor economics, and quantification in
 the history of education.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 175-196 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.936481 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.936481 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:175-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Cherry 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry 
Title: Comment on "Funding Pain: Bedouin Women and Political Economy in the Naqab/Negev" 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 197-200 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1074263 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1074263 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:197-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian 
Author-X-Name-First: Nadera 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shalhoub-Kevorkian 
Author-Name: Antonina Griecci Woodsum 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Griecci Woodsum 
Author-Name: Himmat Zu'bi 
Author-X-Name-First: Himmat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zu'bi 
Author-Name: Rachel Busbridge 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Busbridge 
Title: A Rejoinder to Robert Cherry 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 201-205 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1074264 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1074264 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:201-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lourdes Bener&#xed;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bener&#xed;a 
Title: Gender Perspectives and Gender Impacts of the Global Economic Crisis 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 206-210 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1070958 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1070958 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:206-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Woolley 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley 
Title: Why Gender Matters in Economics 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 211-214 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1052529 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1052529 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:211-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie A. Nelson 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson 
Title: What Works for Women at Work: Four Patterns Working Women Need to Know 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 214-216 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.997775 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.997775 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:214-216




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia E. Perkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perkins 
Title: Counting on Marilyn Waring: New Advances in Feminist Economics 
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 217-221 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1069370 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1069370 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:4:p:217-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage 
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 
Author-X-Name-First: Yana 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Meulen Rodgers 
Title: Voice and Agency: Where Are We Now? 
Abstract:
 This article examines how scholarship in feminist economics has developed
 and used evolving definitions of voice and agency, analyzing their
 expressions in the key domains of households, markets, and the public
 sphere. It builds on a rich body of work that explores the voice and
 agency of women and girls using bargaining theory, as well as behavioral
 and experimental economics, to understand inequalities in power and agency
 in relation to different institutional domains and socioeconomic
 processes. It also discusses each study in this volume, highlighting their
 contributions and drawing attention to critical gaps that remain in the
 literature.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1101308 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1101308 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:1-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Pearse 
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearse 
Author-Name: Raewyn Connell 
Author-X-Name-First: Raewyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connell 
Title: Gender Norms and the Economy: Insights from Social Research 
Abstract:
 Feminist economics has taken up the concept of gender norms, most commonly
 conceived as a constraint on women's voice and gender equality. This
 contribution examines the concept of gender norms and summarizes key
 insights from sociology and other social sciences. Norms do not float
 free: they are materialized in specific domains of social life and are
 often embedded in institutions. An automatic process of "socialization"
 cannot explain the persistence of discriminatory norms. Norms change in
 multiple ways, both in response to broad socioeconomic change and from the
 dynamics of gender relations themselves. Restructuring of gender orders,
 and diversity and contradictions in gender norms, give scope for activism.
 The rich literature on normativity supports some but not all approaches in
 feminist economics and indicates new possibility for the field.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 30-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1078485 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1078485 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:30-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quentin Wodon 
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon 
Author-Name: Minh Cong Nguyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Minh Cong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen 
Author-Name: Clarence Tsimpo 
Author-X-Name-First: Clarence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsimpo 
Title: Child Marriage, Education, and Agency in Uganda 
Abstract:
 This contribution relies on four different approaches and data sources to
 assess and discuss the impact of child marriage on secondary school
 enrollment and completion in Uganda. The four data sources are: (1)
 qualitative evidence on differences in community and parental preferences
 for the education of boys and girls and on the higher likelihood of girls
 to drop out of school in comparison to boys; (2) reasons declared by
 parents as to why their children have dropped out of school; (3) reasons
 declared by secondary school principals as to why students drop out; and
 (4) econometric estimation of the impact of child marriage on secondary
 school enrollment and completion. Together, the four approaches provide
 strong evidence that child marriage reduces secondary school enrollment
 and completion for girls with substantial implications for agency.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 54-79 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1102020 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1102020 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:54-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Smita Ramnarain 
Author-X-Name-First: Smita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramnarain 
Title: Unpacking Widow Headship and Agency in Post-Conflict Nepal 
Abstract:
 Feminist scholars have highlighted a rise in "non-traditional" household
 structures, as exemplified by female- and widow-headed households, as a
 consequence of war. This study points to the necessity of disaggregating
 female headship to trace the contours of household vulnerability of
 widow-headed households, a subset of female-headed households. The
 inadequacy of surveys in explaining the interplay between economic
 vulnerability and social norms is ameliorated through the use of
 ethnographic data and the narratives of widow heads collected through
 fieldwork in 2008-9 and 2011. The study traces key coping strategies of
 widow-headed households in Nepal to provide insight into the processes by
 which widow heads mediate social institutions and patriarchal norms in
 their everyday struggles for survival, and the spaces of agency that
 emerge herein. The study concludes with implications for prevailing
 understandings of household headship and agency that development
 practitioners must be attentive to in devising policies to support widow
 heads.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 80-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1075657 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1075657 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:80-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elise Klein 
Author-X-Name-First: Elise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein 
Title: Women's agency and the psychological domain: Evidence from the Urban Fringe of Bamako, Mali 
Abstract:
 This contribution examines the psychological domain of women's agency in a
 neighborhood on the urban fringe of Bamako, Mali. Based on fieldwork in
 2009 and 2011, the study uses inductive qualitative and quantitative
 methods to examine the factors contributing to women's individual and
 collective initiatives to improve well-being. The local concepts of
 <italic>dusu</italic> (internal motivation) and <italic>ka da I y&#xe8;r&#xe8;
 la</italic> (self-belief) emerged through this research. The contribution
 examines the instrumental and intrinsic importance of
 <italic>dusu</italic> and <italic>ka da I y&#xe8;r&#xe8; la</italic> to women's
 individual and collective agency and analyzes the construction of
 <italic>dusu</italic> and <italic>ka da I y&#xe8;r&#xe8; la</italic> through
 relational processes within women's social milieu. Finally, the study
 explores the complex relationship between <italic>dusu</italic> and
 <italic>ka da I y&#xe8;r&#xe8; la</italic> and women's decision-making ability and
 access to resources, concluding that the psychological domain plays an
 important role in women's agency and social change.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 106-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1084867 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1084867 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:106-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix Meier zu Selhausen 
Author-X-Name-First: Felix 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meier zu Selhausen 
Title: What Determines Women's Participation in Collective Action? Evidence from a Western Ugandan Coffee Cooperative 
Abstract:
 Women smallholders face greater constraints than men in accessing capital
 and commodity markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Collective action has been
 promoted to remedy those disadvantages. Using survey data of 421 women
 members and 210 nonmembers of a coffee producer cooperative in Western
 Uganda, this study investigates the determinants of women's participation
 in cooperatives and women's intensity of participation. The results
 highlight the importance of access to and control over land for women to
 join the cooperative in the first place. Participation intensity is
 measured through women's participation in collective coffee marketing and
 share capital contributions. It is found that duration of membership,
 access to extension services, more equal intrahousehold power relations,
 and joint land ownership positively influence women's ability to commit to
 collective action. These findings demonstrate the embeddedness of
 collective action in gender relations and the positive value of women's
 active participation for agricultural-marketing cooperatives.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 130-157 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1088960 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1088960 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:130-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ulrike Mueller 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller 
Title: Lost in Representation? Feminist identity Economics and Women's Agency in India's Local Governments 
Abstract:
 In India, since 1992, quotas for women in local councils are a key policy
 mechanism to secure gender equality in political participation and foster
 rural development. Affirmative action measures were expected to
 particularly enhance women's agency regarding decisions on decentralized
 service delivery. However, to date, this potentially transformative reform
 to the local government system has produced mixed results. This study
 updates identity economics with intersectional and institutional theories
 to shed light on the agency of elected women representatives (EWRs) in
 different federal states of India. The findings show that institutions,
 including social norms, entail specific identity costs that reinforce
 stereotyped accounts on women's political agency. Additional policy
 measures are required to address the incurred costs and render quotas for
 women effective. The analysis illustrates that an identity economics
 perspective, grounded in feminist thought, can yield valuable insights for
 investigating women's agency and for designing gender-sensitive policies.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 158-182 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1086810 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1086810 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen 
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen 
Author-Name: Astghik Mavisakalyan 
Author-X-Name-First: Astghik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavisakalyan 
Title: Constitutions and the Political Agency of Women: A Cross-Country Study 
Abstract:
 The underrepresentation of women in parliaments worldwide warrants
 attention to discern underlying sources. This study examines one potential
 source: the countries' constitutions. Based on a large cross-country
 dataset from 2011, the study demonstrates that women's representation in
 parliament is larger in countries with constitutional protection from
 gender-based discrimination. Baseline estimates suggest that the presence
 of such protection results in over a 3.5 percentage point increase in
 women's share of parliamentary seats. The study probes some underlying
 mechanisms and shows that places with constitutional protection from
 gender-based discrimination are likely to have legislation directly
 targeting women's underrepresentation. The results underscore the role of
 constitutional design in promoting women's political agency.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 183-210 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1075656 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1075656 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:183-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Marie Goetz 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goetz 
Author-Name: Rob Jenkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins 
Title: Agency and Accountability: Promoting Women's Participation in Peacebuilding 
Abstract:
 This contribution reviews international policy and practices to engage
 women in formal peace talks, post-conflict elections, and economic
 recovery, and finds a combination of factors contributing to poor
 performance in promoting women's agency. The fact that the privileged
 category for post-conflict decisions are those groups capable of acting as
 "spoilers" has tended to exclude women's groups from the categories
 considered most important to involve in decision making. Exacerbating this
 exclusion is the reluctance of international decision makers to encourage
 affirmative action measures in these contexts. This carries through to the
 minimal-state approach to economic recovery efforts. Provisions are needed
 to foster and invite women's voice in decision making, and build more
 active-state approaches to women's livelihood recovery.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 211-236 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1086012 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1086012 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucia Hanmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanmer 
Author-Name: Jeni Klugman 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klugman 
Title: Exploring Women's Agency and Empowerment in Developing Countries: Where do we stand? 
Abstract:
 While central notions around agency are well established in academic
 literature, progress on the empirical front has faced major challenges
 around developing tractable measures and data availability. This has
 limited our understanding about patterns of agency and empowerment of
 women across countries. Measuring key dimensions of women's agency and
 empowerment is complex, but feasible and important. This paper
 systematically explores what can be learned from Demographic and Health
 Survey (DHS) data for fifty-eight countries, representing almost 80
 percent of the female population of developing countries. It is the first
 such empirical investigation. The findings quantify some important
 correlations. Completing secondary education and beyond has consistently
 large positive associations, underlining the importance of going beyond
 primary schooling. There appear to be positive links with poverty
 reduction and economic growth, but clearly this alone is not enough.
 Context specificity and multidimensionality mean that the interpretation
 of results is not always straightforward.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 237-263 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1091087 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1091087 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Vaz 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaz 
Author-Name: Pierre Pratley 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pratley 
Author-Name: Sabina Alkire 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alkire 
Title: Measuring Women's Autonomy in Chad Using the Relative Autonomy Index 
Abstract:
 Increasing women's voice and agency is widely recognized as a key strategy
 to reduce gender inequalities and improve health outcomes. Although recent
 studies have found associations between women's autonomy and a number of
 health outcomes, fundamental issues regarding adequate measurement of
 women's autonomy remain. The Relative Autonomy Index (RAI) provides a
 direct measure of motivational autonomy. It expresses the extent to which
 a woman faces coercive or internalized social pressure to undertake
 domain-specific actions. This contribution addresses a key critique of
 current measures of autonomy, which focus on decision making or ignore
 women's values. This study examines the measurement properties and added
 value of a number of domain-specific RAIs using new nationally
 representative data from the Republic of Chad. A striking finding is that
 women on average have less autonomous motivation in all eight domains
 compared to their male counterparts.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 264-294 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1108991 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1108991 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Title: Gender Equality, Economic Growth, and Women's Agency: the "Endless Variety" and "Monotonous Similarity" of Patriarchal Constraints 
Abstract:
 Macroeconometric studies generally find fairly robust evidence that gender
 equality has a positive impact on economic growth, but reverse findings
 relating to the impact of economic growth on gender equality are far less
 consistent. The high level of aggregation at which these studies are
 carried out makes it difficult to ascertain the causal pathways that might
 explain this asymmetry in impacts. Using a feminist institutional
 framework, this contribution explores studies carried out at lower levels
 of analysis for insights into the pathways likely to be driving these two
 sets of relationships and a possible explanation for their asymmetry.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 295-321 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1090009 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1090009 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Berit Gerritzen 
Author-X-Name-First: Berit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gerritzen 
Title: Women's Empowerment and HIV Prevention in Rural Malawi 
Abstract:
 This study examines the impact of women's empowerment on attitudes toward
 HIV prevention using the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project
 (MDICP), a panel dataset of over 1,200 married women in rural Malawi from
 1998 to 2008. Results indicate that an increase in women's bargaining
 power promotes adequate HIV prevention strategies, namely condom use
 within marriage and HIV-related spousal communication. Own income,
 language skills, and awareness of options outside marriage also play an
 important role. By estimating a constant for each individual in the
 sample, the analysis controls for the impact individual-specific,
 nonmeasurable characteristics have on attitudes toward prevention. It
 captures the impact of HIV campaigns and increases in HIV prevalence over
 time on prevention behavior by using (regional) time trends. The findings
 are highly comparable across different econometric specifications and
 suggest substantial gains from placing greater emphasis on women's
 empowerment to effectively combat the spread of HIV, particularly in
 developing countries.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 1-25 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1129067 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1129067 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kade Finnoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Kade 
Author-X-Name-Last: Finnoff 
Title: Gender Disparity in Access to the Rwandan Mutual Health Insurance Scheme 
Abstract:
 While there is a body of research on the gendered penalties of user fees
 within health systems in low-income countries, what is less well
 understood is the gendered experience of community-based health insurance
 (CBI) programs, which have replaced user fees for basic healthcare. This
 study examines the uptake of a Rwandan CBI scheme five years after the
 program was scaled up nationwide. Using the <italic>Enquete Int&#xe9;grale
 sur les Conditions de Vie des m&#xe9;nages de Rwanda</italic> (EICV2) for
 2005--6, the study finds evidence that members of female-headed households
 are less likely than those of male-headed households to be enrolled in the
 CBI program. Additionally, it finds strikingly different patterns of
 equity effects of CBI by gender of household head by examining consumption
 income and wealth. These findings suggest the need for greater attention
 to equity, particularly gender equity, concerning the way in which
 voluntary CBI programs are initially implemented and evaluated.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 26-50 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1088658 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1088658 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Castro-Garc&#xed;a 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Castro-Garc&#xed;a 
Author-Name: Maria Pazos-Moran 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pazos-Moran 
Title: Parental Leave Policy and Gender Equality in Europe 
Abstract:
 This article uses data from 2008--10 to analyze parental leave policies in
 twenty-one European countries and their influence on men's behavior. It
 examines entitlement characteristics, such as nontransferability,
 duration, payment, compulsory period, and other policies to assess their
 effect on the proportion of leave men use out of the total parental leave
 in each country. The findings, which suggest that a large majority of men
 take nontransferable and highly paid leave, and a small minority take
 other types, provide the basis for developing the Parental Leave Equality
 Index (PLEI). PLEI ranks countries by the degree to which parental leave
 policies reinforce or diminish the gendered division of labor. Results
 indicate that although Iceland's parental leave policies do the most to
 advance gender equity, no country has equal, nontransferable, and
 well-paid leave for each parent. This policy arrangement would be a
 precondition to men's and women's equal participation in childcare.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 51-73 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1082033 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1082033 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynda Pickbourn 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pickbourn 
Title: Remittances and Household Expenditures on Education in Ghana's Northern Region: Why Gender Matters 
Abstract:
 Studies of the impact of migrant remittances on receiving households
 assume that these households act as a unit in receiving remittances and
 making decisions about their use. Thus, many of these studies use the
 gender of the household head as a key control variable. This study
 questions this assumption, using original qualitative and quantitative
 data on rural--urban migration of women in Ghana to show that gendered
 social norms of household provisioning influence the intrahousehold flow
 of remittances. Regression results indicate that migrant women are more
 likely to send remittances to other women, creating female-centered
 networks of remittance flows even within male-headed households. The
 implications of this for intrahousehold resource allocation are explored
 through an analysis of the impact of the gender of the remitter and
 recipient on education expenditure. The results show that regardless of
 the gender of the household head, households in which women are the
 primary recipient of remittances spend more than twice as much on
 education as households in which men are the primary recipient.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 74-100 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1107681 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1107681 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H&#xe9;ctor Bellido 
Author-X-Name-First: H&#xe9;ctor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellido 
Author-Name: Miriam Marc&#xe9;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marc&#xe9;n 
Author-Name: Jos&#xe9; Alberto Molina 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos&#xe9; Alberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina 
Title: The Effect of Culture on Fertility Behavior of US Teen Mothers 
Abstract:
 This paper studies the impact of culture on the fertility behavior of
 teenage women in the US. To identify this effect, it took an
 epidemiological approach, exploiting the variations in teenage women's
 fertility rates by ancestral home country. Using three different databases
 (the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, the US National
 Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, and the 2000 US Census), the results
 show that culture has quantitatively important effects on the fertility
 behavior of teenage women. This finding is robust to alternative
 specifications, to the introduction of a range of home country variables
 to proxy culture, and to the measurement of individual characteristics
 present when teenage women continue with a pregnancy to have a child.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 101-126 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1120881 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1120881 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asif Islam 
Author-X-Name-First: Asif 
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam 
Author-Name: Mohammad Amin 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amin 
Title: Women Managers and The Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education: Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Developing Countries 
Abstract:
 A number of studies explore the differences in men's and women's labor
 market participation rates and wages. Some of these differences have been
 linked to gender disparities in education access and attainment. The
 present paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship
 between the proclivity of a firm having a top woman manager and access to
 education among women relative to men in the country. The study combines
 the literature on women's careers in management, which has mostly focused
 on developed countries, with the development literature that has
 emphasized the importance of access to education. Using firm-level data
 for seventy-three developing countries in 2007--10, the study finds strong
 evidence that countries with a higher proportion of top women managers
 also have higher enrollment rates for women relative to men in primary,
 secondary, and tertiary education.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 127-153 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1081705 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1081705 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Aisa 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aisa 
Author-Name: Mar&#xed;a A. Gonzalez-Alvarez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar&#xed;a A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Alvarez 
Author-Name: Gemma Larramona 
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Larramona 
Title: The Role of Gender in Further Training for Spanish Workers: Are Employers Making a Difference? 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates whether gender differentials in three categories
 of nonformal educational training that exist among Spanish employees --
 firm-financed training, public-financed training, and self-financed
 training -- using the Survey on Adult Population Involvement in Learning
 Activities (AES), conducted in 2011. Although this study finds no gender
 gap in the probability of overall training participation, there is a
 negative gap in firm-financed training for women. Since this study does
 not detect differential preferences for training between Spanish women and
 men employees, gender discrimination in access to firm-financed training
 is at the root of this gender gap. While this discrimination does not
 extend to training returns among employees who take part in firm-financed
 courses, taking part in such training increases the probability of
 obtaining a salary increase or promotion, and it is discrimination in the
 access to firm-financed training that leaves Spanish women employees at a
 disadvantage.
Journal: Feminist Economics 
Pages: 154-182 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1101520 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1101520 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Saunders
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders
Author-Name: Paul Dalziel
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalziel
Title: Twenty-Five Years of : Waring's Critique of National Accounts
Abstract: 
 Marilyn Waring’s If Women Counted (1988) shows how national income accounting became infused with the patriarchal values dominant during its post–World War II development. This article revisits Waring’s analysis in the light of continued support of gross domestic product as a useful statistic. It explains the historical and personal context for her analysis, emphasizing postwar patriarchal values as well as Waring’s experience as a Member of the New Zealand Parliament (1975–84) and her active engagement with women in developed and developing countries. It illustrates the support If Women Counted gives to reformers and recognizes that change has occurred, including provision for satellite accounts in the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA). Nevertheless, the paper concludes that Waring’s profound challenge to the central framework of UNSNA will continue as long as the system excludes unpaid household work and impacts on the natural environment from its core statistics.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 200-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1178854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1178854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:2:p:200-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernardita Escobar Andrae
Author-X-Name-First: Bernardita
Author-X-Name-Last: Escobar Andrae
Title: Women in Business in Late Nineteenth-Century Chile: Class, Marital Status, and Economic Autonomy
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes Chilean women’s entrepreneurial activity in the 1877–1908 period examining two official data sources representing different socioeconomic business niches – the national trademark registry, which represents the elite among business people, and the Santiago business license registry, which includes the non-elite. The analysis reveals an economy with women engaging increasingly in business in an expanding range of sectors. By the 1890s, women managed nearly a quarter of Santiago’s firms and 5 percent of elite firms nationally. Widows appeared overrepresented among elite businesses and underrepresented among those of the non-elite. These results suggest that institutions constraining entrepreneurship among married women were more strongly enforced among the elite than among other social classes. The evidence thus suggests that during late nineteenth century there was an increase in the economic autonomy exercised by unmarried women and widows of all socioeconomic strata, but also by married women among the non-elite.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 33-67
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1190459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1190459
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Corinne Boter
Author-X-Name-First: Corinne
Author-X-Name-Last: Boter
Title: Marriages are Made in Kitchens: The European Marriage Pattern and Life-Cycle Servanthood in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam
Abstract: 
 Due to methodological difficulties of historical research on women’s labor, little is known of women’s contribution to household incomes in preindustrial economies. This article is the first to use domestic servants’ wages, as documented in account books from the period 1752–1805, to estimate the capital that women could accumulate during their years of service before marriage. As such, it offers a new perspective on women’s contribution to household resources. Results show that servants working for the most well-off households in eighteenth-century Amsterdam could save a marriage budget that was between one-third and half of the capital that an unskilled man could save in the same amount of time. Furthermore, servants’ wages would in theory have been sufficient to support a family of four at the subsistence level, illustrating that women’s wages and potential savings cannot be ignored.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 68-92
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1195003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1195003
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:2:p:68-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yongjin Park
Author-X-Name-First: Yongjin
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: María Amparo Cruz-Saco
Author-X-Name-First: María Amparo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz-Saco
Author-Name: Mónika López Anuarbe
Author-X-Name-First: Mónika López
Author-X-Name-Last: Anuarbe
Title: Understanding the Remittance Gender Gap among Hispanics in the US: Gendered Norms and the Role of Expectations
Abstract: 
 Using the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this study analyzes the existence of a gender gap in favor of men in the monetary remittance behavior of Hispanics residing in the United States. Findings indicate that cultural gender norms and expectations in the country of origin play a key role. The study shows that women migrants are less likely to remit than men and, when they do, they transfer smaller amounts. The remittance gender gap is not universal among subgroups, since it is only observable among Hispanics who came to the US to improve their economic situation, plan to return to their home country, and have low income and low schooling. An index on migrants’ perceptions of gender roles as a proxy for cultural gendered norms is constructed and shows that more traditional gender views are associated with a significant gender gap in favor of men in remittances.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 172-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1197409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1197409
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:2:p:172-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yunsun Huh
Author-X-Name-First: Yunsun
Author-X-Name-Last: Huh
Title: Gender Empowerment and Educational Attainment of US Immigrants and Their Home-Country Counterparts
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the educational self-selection of immigrants to the United States across forty-two countries of origin and analyzes determinants of selectivity, including home-country gender status (as measured by the United Nations’ Gender Empowerment Measure [GEM]). Measuring educational self-selection, the study uses data from the 2006 American Community Survey and the 2000 and 2014 Barro–Lee Educational Attainment Measure to construct the Net Difference Index between immigrants and nonmigrants. It compares the educational attainment difference between immigrants and nonmigrants who remain in the home country and demonstrates that immigrants to the US are more educated than their home-country counterparts across all immigrant groups (positive selection). Regression results further indicate that higher gender inequality in the home country influences more highly educated women to migrate. The paper also confirms that higher migration costs and lower income inequality in the home country influence more highly educated individuals to migrate.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 120-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1198044
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1198044
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:2:p:120-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diksha Arora
Author-X-Name-First: Diksha
Author-X-Name-Last: Arora
Author-Name: Codrina Rada
Author-X-Name-First: Codrina
Author-X-Name-Last: Rada
Title: A Gendered Model of the Peasant Household: Time poverty and Farm Production in Rural Mozambique
Abstract: 
 Using insights from a case study on the allocation of labor in subsistence households in Mozambique, this study develops a conceptual framework for examining linkages between time poverty and farm production. An unexpected event such as a health crisis increases the demand for labor provided by women, thus making them more time poor. The model and numerical simulations show that a deterioration in a woman's time constraint will have an adverse effect on agricultural output of the household. This occurs because most women respond to an increase in household work by reducing their work hours on the farm and by reducing their leisure time. The latter outcome is expected to have a negative effect on women's physical and mental health, which will then cause a decline in their productivity on the farm.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 93-119
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1220676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1220676
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Ambrey
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Ambrey
Author-Name: Jennifer Ulichny
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulichny
Author-Name: Christopher Fleming
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleming
Title: The Social Connectedness and Life Satisfaction Nexus: A Panel Data Analysis of Women in Australia
Abstract: 
 This study explores the interplay between time pressures at home and at work, social connectedness, and well-being as reported by Australian women. Specifically, taking advantage of longitudinal data (from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey for the years 2001 to 2013) and employing the newly developed “blow up and cluster” estimation technique, this study finds there has been a marginal decline in the life satisfaction of Australian women. After accounting for changes in sociodemographic characteristics, a more pervasive negative trend in life satisfaction appears to be reported by both men and women, and both genders report higher levels of life satisfaction for greater levels of almost all measures of social connectedness. This study adds to a growing body of evidence pointing toward the importance of frequent and meaningful social connections to societal well-being, as well as the need to refocus attention on well-being in public-policy spheres.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-32
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1222077
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1222077
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabetta Addis
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabetta
Author-X-Name-Last: Addis
Author-Name: Majlinda Joxhe
Author-X-Name-First: Majlinda
Author-X-Name-Last: Joxhe
Title: Gender Gaps in Social Capital: A Theoretical Interpretation of Evidence from Italy
Abstract: 
 This study uses the Italian data from the Multiscopo surveys of 1997 and 2011 to assess differences in life-cycle accumulation of social capital by sex and age. First, the study identifies some crucial aspects regarding the definition and measurement of social capital: individual versus collective dimension, different typologies of social capital, and the fact that the literature often deals with women in social capital but seldom with gender. Second, using a regression analysis with cross-sectional data, it shows that social capital accumulation along the life cycle is different for men and women, with men accumulating more social capital at all ages, with a different peak and overall profile. The study also shows that, over fifteen years, the gap in social capital by sex narrowed. Finally, it introduces a model of social capital structure compatible with the empirical evidence and with notions of gender as defined in feminist literature.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 146-171
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1227463
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1227463
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Erratum
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 219-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1289693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1289693
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alyssa Schneebaum
Author-X-Name-First: Alyssa
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneebaum
Author-Name: M. V. Lee Badgett
Author-X-Name-First: M. V. Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Badgett
Title: Poverty in US Lesbian and Gay Couple Households
Abstract: 
 Poverty is a widely researched topic in economics. However, despite growing research on the economic lives of lesbians and gay men in the United States since the mid 1990s, very little is known about poverty in same-sex couple households. This study uses American Community Survey data from 2010 to 2014 to calculate poverty rates for households headed by different-sex versus same-sex couples. Comparing households with similar characteristics, the results show that those headed by same-sex couples are more likely to be in poverty than those headed by different-sex married couples. Despite that overall disadvantage, a decomposition of the poverty risk shows that same-sex couples are protected from poverty by their higher levels of education and labor force participation, and their lower probability of having a child in the home. Lastly, the role of gender – above and beyond sexual orientation – is clear in the greater vulnerability to poverty for lesbian couples.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1441533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1441533
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Selin Dilli
Author-X-Name-First: Selin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dilli
Author-Name: Sarah G. Carmichael
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Carmichael
Author-Name: Auke Rijpma
Author-X-Name-First: Auke
Author-X-Name-Last: Rijpma
Title: Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index
Abstract: 
 Despite recent progress, women are still disadvantaged by their greater domestic labor commitments and impaired access to well-paid jobs; and, in extreme cases, denied the right to live. This has consequences for the well-being of individuals and economic development. Although tools to evaluate country performance in gender equality, especially composite indicators, have been developed since the 1990s, a historical perspective is lacking. This study introduces a composite index of gender equality covering 129 countries from 1950 to 2003. This index measures gender equality in four dimensions (socioeconomic, health, household, and politics). The index shows substantial progress in gender equality, though there is little evidence that less gender-equal countries are catching up. Goldin's “quiet revolution” hypothesis is tested as an explanation for this observation, but fails to provide a good explanation. Rather, the long-term institutional and historical characteristics of countries are the main obstacles to convergence.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 31-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1442582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1442582
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Kamas
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamas
Author-Name: Anne Preston
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston
Title: Can Empathy Explain Gender Differences in Economic Policy Views in the United States?
Abstract: 
 This paper shows that different levels of empathy of men and women explain the well-documented gender differences in interventionist government economic policy views in the United States. Using the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy, the study finds that more empathic people support more interventionist policies. While greater empathy leads both men and women to support more government action, there is no gender difference in the effects of empathy on policy views. When policy views are separated by area, gender differences on policies concerning poverty, inequality, and social welfare disappear once empathy is accounted for, though they persist in views on free markets.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 58-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1493215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1493215
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Bradshaw
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Bradshaw
Author-Name: Sylvia Chant
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chant
Author-Name: Brian Linneker
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Linneker
Title: Challenges and Changes in Gendered Poverty: The Feminization, De-Feminization, and Re-Feminization of Poverty in Latin America
Abstract: 
 Despite reductions in poverty generally, recent trends in Latin American countries show processes of both de-feminization and re-feminization of poverty. A rise in the numbers of women to men living in income-poor households has occurred despite feminized anti-poverty programs, most notably conditional cash transfers (CCTs), which target resources to women. This paper shows that methodological differences in what, how, and who is the focus of measurement may influence patterns of poverty “feminization.” It also suggests that feminized policy interventions might in themselves be playing a role in the re-feminization of poverty, not least because of data and definitional limitations in the way female-headed households and, relatedly, women’s poverty are understood. The somewhat paradoxical interactions between the feminization of household headship, the feminization of poverty, and the feminization of anti-poverty programs present interesting challenges for redressing gender gaps in poverty within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 119-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1529417
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1529417
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fátima Suleman
Author-X-Name-First: Fátima
Author-X-Name-Last: Suleman
Author-Name: Abdul Suleman
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Suleman
Title: How Do Household Tasks Shape Employment Contracts? The Provision of Care in Portugal
Abstract: 
 This study illustrates the complexities involved in outsourcing domestic work to the market. It draws on an original dataset of paid domestic workers in Portugal to examine how specific tasks interact with and explain contractual arrangements. A fuzzy cluster analysis categorizes paid domestic workers into caregivers and cleaners; however, a great degree of overlap implies that caring also entails cleaning tasks necessary for the care receiver’s well-being. A subsequent Tobit regression analysis shows that caregivers have more formal and stable contracts but earn lower wages and have longer working hours relative to cleaners. The study finds a segmentation of national origin and that some migrants are at a disadvantage in care work. The study also examines how employers deal with the idiosyncrasies of domestic work such as navigating trust-related issues.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 174-203
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1532594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1532594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:1:p:174-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jun Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Paul Gerrans
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Gerrans
Author-Name: Carly Moulang
Author-X-Name-First: Carly
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulang
Author-Name: Noel Whiteside
Author-X-Name-First: Noel
Author-X-Name-Last: Whiteside
Author-Name: Maria Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom
Title: Why Women Have Lower Retirement Savings: The Australian Case
Abstract: 
 This study provides empirical evidence of the gender gap in retirement savings trajectories using a large longitudinal Australian database. The persistent trend of retirement income policy over recent decades has been to place responsibility for retirement savings accumulation with the individual employee. These plans are fundamentally linked to employment conditions and individual choices, which shape retirement savings trajectories and outcomes. Australia has a mature compulsory system and thus provides insight for countries embarking on similar paths. This study shows that the gender gap in retirement savings is observable from early on in an individual’s paid working life and persists over time, providing evidence that women are disadvantaged early in their careers, with few signs of improvement. Men, in contrast, are overrepresented in the upper quartile of growth in retirement savings. This study provides important empirical evidence for policymakers concerned with gender differences in retirement outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 145-173
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1533250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1533250
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mieke Meurs
Author-X-Name-First: Mieke
Author-X-Name-Last: Meurs
Author-Name: Rita Ismaylov
Author-X-Name-First: Rita
Author-X-Name-Last: Ismaylov
Title: Improving Assessments of Gender Bargaining Power: A Case Study from Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 Gender bargaining power has entered into mainstream economic theory and public policy. However, common empirical measures are only loosely related to the theoretical concept, and research has not produced consistent results regarding the causal chains underlying women’s empowerment. This study critically examines accepted measures of bargaining power, arguing that participation in specific household decisions is not directly associated with the theoretical concept of bargaining power. The study analyzes the relationship between measures of participation in household decisions and individual and household characteristics thought to contribute to bargaining power. Using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data on Bangladesh over the period 1999–2011, the study finds that despite the loose relationship of the survey questions to the theoretical construct bargaining power, the decision-making questions provide relatively consistent and theoretically supported measures of this unobservable characteristic. Simple changes in using the measures would contribute to more robust and consistent findings.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 90-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1546957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1546957
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlo D’Ippoliti
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Ippoliti
Author-Name: Fabrizio Botti
Author-X-Name-First: Fabrizio
Author-X-Name-Last: Botti
Title: Sex Work among Trans People: Evidence from Southern Italy
Abstract: 
 This study attempts to empirically investigate the determinants of the supply side of sex work beyond the dichotomy between coerced and freewill participation. It does so by focusing on a very stigmatized and discriminated-against population: transsexual and transgender people. We collected original data on trans people through nonrandom sampling within a study aimed at assessing gender-identity discrimination in Italy. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of falling into sex work confirms that within the trans population, “pull” factors – specifically, prospective income – positively affect the decision to supply sex services. Even more relevant are “push” factors, such as low employability and past experiences of discrimination. The resulting sex-work trap calls for policy initiatives to enhance the employability of marginalized individuals as well as an effective fight against stigma and discrimination in the labor market.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 77-109
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1177656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1177656
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sine Plambech
Author-X-Name-First: Sine
Author-X-Name-Last: Plambech
Title: Sex, Deportation and Rescue: Economies of Migration among Nigerian Sex Workers
Abstract: 
 This contribution explores the economies interlinked by the migration of Nigerian women sex workers. The literature and politics of sex work migration and human trafficking economies are commonly relegated to the realm that focuses on profits for criminal networks and pimps, in particular recirculating the claim that human trafficking is the “third largest” criminal economy after drugs and weapons. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Nigerian sex worker migrants conducted in Benin City, Nigeria, in 2011 and 2012, this study brings together four otherwise isolated migration economies – facilitation, remittances, deportation, and rescue – and suggests that we have to examine multiple sites and relink these in order to more fully understand the complexity of sex work migration. Drawing upon literature within transnational feminist analysis, critical human trafficking studies, and migration industry research, this study seeks to broaden our current understanding of the “economy of human trafficking.”
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 134-159
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1181272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1181272
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maite Verhoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Maite
Author-X-Name-Last: Verhoeven
Author-Name: Barbra van Gestel
Author-X-Name-First: Barbra
Author-X-Name-Last: van Gestel
Title: Between Visibility and Invisibility: Sex Workers and Informal Services in Amsterdam
Abstract: 
 This study examines informal services within the sex industry in the Red Light District of Amsterdam, the Netherlands and how these affect the autonomy of sex workers. Data were obtained from the police files of twelve criminal investigations into human trafficking in Amsterdam between 2006 and 2010. The empirical data show that sex workers are intermeshed in a network of people who intercede with them and their work: pimps, bodyguards, errand boys, drivers, brothel owners, and accountants. While these informal players offer services to facilitate sex work, they simultaneously create a network of control around the sex workers and profit from the latters’ earnings. The existence of this informal network and its activities both supports sex workers, but also undermines the autonomy of self-employed sex workers in the studied cases.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 110-133
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1195002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1195002
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Della Giusta
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Della Giusta
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso
Author-Name: Sarah Louise Jewell
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Jewell
Title: Stigma and Risky Behaviors among Male Clients of Sex Workers in the UK
Abstract: 
 Building on existing theoretical work on sex markets, this study uses data from the 2001 British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) to replicate the analysis of the demand for paid sex. It formally tests the effects of attitudes, risky behaviors, and personal characteristics of a sample of men on the demand for paid sex. Previous theoretical work argues that stigma plays a fundamental role in determining both demand and risk, and in particular due to the presence of stigma, the demands for unpaid sex and for paid sex are not perfect substitutes. This study finds a positive effect of education (proxy for income), negative effects of professional status (proxies for stigma associated with buying sex), positive and significant effects of all risky behavior variables, and no significant effects of variables that measure the relative degree of conservatism in morals.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 23-48
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1203453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1203453
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul William Mathews
Author-X-Name-First: Paul William
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathews
Title: Cam Models, Sex Work, and Job Immobility in the Philippines
Abstract: 
 Using online participant observation, ad hoc conversations, and off-line interviews, this study explores the work of Adult/Asian Cam Models (ACMs) in the Philippines – women who present themselves live via Internet webcam to solicit customers to view the women naked or engaging in sexual activities. ACMs are commonly construed as trafficked pornographers or (digital) prostitutes. But, the models do not identify their work as prostitution or even as sex work; nor are they trafficked. Thus, ACMs challenge common perceptions about sex work and agency, revealing a range of possible social stigmas and self-identities associated with such work. The study goes on to a comparative exploration of several forms of sex work and presents reasons for a lack of occupational mobility within the Philippines’ sex industry for each form. In particular, because ACMs do not necessarily identify as sex workers, they are unwilling to move to other forms of sex work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 160-183
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1293835
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1293835
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neha Hui
Author-X-Name-First: Neha
Author-X-Name-Last: Hui
Title: Bargaining Power and Indicators of Well-Being among Brothel-Based Sex Workers in India
Abstract: 
 This study looks at determinants of bargaining power and well-being among women in sex work in India. Drawing on a questionnaire-based field survey of brothel-based sex workers from Delhi and Kolkata carried out between June and December 2013, it uses the capabilities approach to understand individual, occupational, and institutional determinants of bargaining power and well-being. The study considers bargaining power to be a latent, unobservable variable and estimates it using structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that both institutional and occupational factors play significant roles. The study differentiates between objective and subjective bargaining power. Some factors that play a significant role in determining objective bargaining power, such as years spent in sex work and residence in a brothel, may not play a role in determining subjective bargaining power. Conversely, factors such as marital status and caste play a significant role in determining subjective but not objective bargaining power.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 49-76
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1315440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1315440
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesca Bettio
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Bettio
Author-Name: Marina Della Giusta
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Della Giusta
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso
Title: Sex Work and Trafficking: Moving beyond Dichotomies
Abstract: 
 This contribution examines how feminist economists have conceptualized sex work and trafficking through the lens of agency and stigma. The ongoing debate about legalization has focused on sex workers’ agency and choice, and on the role of stigma in shaping the supply of and demand for sex work. Building on the analysis advanced by contributions to this special issue, this study contends that theoretical and policy debates about sex work are dominated by false dichotomies of agency and stigma. It argues that the relationship between stigma and agency operates along a continuum of contractual arrangements that underpins a high degree of segmentation in the industry. The higher the stigma, the lower tends to be the agency. Current policies toward sex work therefore need reconsideration – especially mounting support for criminalization of clients, which, by increasing stigma, is likely to detract from the agency and the well-being of sex workers, however unintentionally.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1330547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1330547
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anton Nivorozhkin
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Nivorozhkin
Author-Name: Laura Romeu-Gordo
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Romeu-Gordo
Title: How Do Longer Parental Leaves Affect Women’s Workplace Tasks? Evidence from Germany
Abstract: 
 This study examines how the radical extension of the period of parental leave, from eighteen to thirty-six months, that occurred in Germany in 1992 affected the nature of tasks women performed in their workplaces. The results of the analysis – which used a difference-in-differences method – suggests that this reform had a significant impact on the type of tasks carried out at work by women in the former West Germany. The study finds that after the reform was introduced, the women affected by it performed roles involving significantly less creative and more codifiable tasks than they had done previously. This analysis adds a new dimension to the discussion of the impact of maternity leave legislation on labor market outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 119-143
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1535714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1535714
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Stevano
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevano
Author-Name: Suneetha Kadiyala
Author-X-Name-First: Suneetha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kadiyala
Author-Name: Deborah Johnston
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston
Author-Name: Hazel Malapit
Author-X-Name-First: Hazel
Author-X-Name-Last: Malapit
Author-Name: Elizabeth Hull
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Hull
Author-Name: Sofia Kalamatianou
Author-X-Name-First: Sofia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalamatianou
Title: Time-Use Analytics: An Improved Way of Understanding Gendered Agriculture-Nutrition Pathways
Abstract: 
 There is a resurgence of interest in time-use research driven, inter alia, by the desire to understand if development interventions, especially when targeted to women, lead to time constraints by increasing work burdens. This has become a primary concern in agriculture-nutrition research. But are time-use data useful to explore agriculture-nutrition pathways? This study develops a conceptual framework of the micro-level linkages between agriculture, gendered time use, and nutrition and analyzes how time use has been conceptualized, operationalized, and interpreted in agriculture-nutrition literature on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The paper argues that better metrics, but also conceptualizations and analytics of time use, are needed to understand gendered trade-offs in agriculture-nutrition pathways. In particular, the potential unintended consequences can be grasped only if the analysis of time use shifts from being descriptive to a more theoretical and analytical understanding of time constraints, their trade-offs, and resulting changes in activity.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1542155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1542155
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kitae Sohn
Author-X-Name-First: Kitae
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohn
Title: More Educated Sex Workers Earn More in Indonesia
Abstract: 
 Although sex work is prevalent, little is known about the relation between education and the price of sex. This study analyzed a dataset of 8,817 Indonesian sex workers (SWs) to conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between education and the price of sex. When the study controlled for demographic variables, an additional year of schooling was related to a 10 percent increase in the price. About half of this relation was explained by the location of sex, implying that education provided SWs with access to higher-paying clients via locations. The study also analyzed data on comparable non-SWs and found that the relation between education and the price of sex for SWs was the same in size as that of education to hourly earnings for non-SWs. The findings are consistent with the growing body of research that highlights the beneficial effects of education on outcomes beyond the conventional labor market.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 201-223
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1556797
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1556797
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:3:p:201-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen
Author-Name: Therese Jefferson
Author-X-Name-First: Therese
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferson
Title: Crossing the Great Divide: Ostrom’s Coproduction and the Economics of Aged Care
Abstract: 
 As the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in economics, Elinor Ostrom has attracted the interest of many feminist economists. Best known for her work on common pool resources, Ostrom made numerous theoretical and methodological contributions to economics, many of which are useful for feminist economists. This paper explores Ostrom’s work on coproduction: the active participation of individuals who receive a good or service in the production process. A particular focus is on how Ostrom’s model of coproduction might be applied and extended to capture the characteristics and circumstances of aged care. Data from interviews with women employed in Australia’s aged-care sector are used to inform a discussion of coproduction in aged care and the institutional supports necessary for successful outcomes. Key issues include the skills and resourcing of aged-care workers, and their authority to negotiate care practice with care recipients under current governance arrangements.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 48-69
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1566751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1566751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:3:p:48-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Herrera
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrera
Author-Name: Geske Dijkstra
Author-X-Name-First: Geske
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra
Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben
Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben
Title: Gender Segregation and Income Differences in Nicaragua
Abstract: 
 Despite having higher average education levels, Nicaraguan women still earn much less than men. Furthermore, the country has one of the highest levels of occupational gender segregation in Latin America. This paper aims to explain the gender income gap in Nicaragua, taking into account individual characteristics, engagement in specific occupations and sectors, and geographical location. Using a multilevel framework, the study finds that while a considerable part of the income gap can be explained by women’s employment in occupations and sectors with low remuneration, another substantial part of this gap is attributable to the prevalence of patriarchal gender norms – and thus cannot be explained by human capital factors. These results show that understanding labor market segregation is vital for comprehending the perseverance of the gender income gap, and they further imply that women’s progress in breaching the gender stereotypes in Nicaragua is still limited.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 144-170
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1567931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1567931
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:3:p:144-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Makiko Omura
Author-X-Name-First: Makiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Omura
Title: Why Can’t I keep my Surname? The Fairness and Welfare of the Japanese Legal System
Abstract: 
 This study examines the welfare and fairness implications of Japan’s current policy on marriage surnames versus the proposed revised family law, which would enable husbands and wives to retain their premarital surnames. The study compares welfare in these two legal states, with a married couple’s welfare dependent on marriage-surname choice. It reviews the external preferences of anti-revisionists by the fairness criteria of impersonality or extended sympathy. Utilizing web-based survey data, the study conducts nonparametric rank analysis and parametric analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) for surname retention and legal support. Moreover, it conducts a structural equation analysis via a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, incorporating surname attachment and fairness as latent variables. The study shows that the revised law can increase welfare and that external disutility of the legal revision is invalid on fairness grounds.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 171-200
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1588467
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1588467
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eleni Sifaki
Author-X-Name-First: Eleni
Author-X-Name-Last: Sifaki
Title: Women's Work and Agency in GPNS during Economic Crises: The Case of the Greek Table Grapes Export Sector
Abstract: 
 The expansion of global production networks (GPNs) has shifted women’s roles in agriculture worldwide. Financial and economic crises have intensified commercial pressures, leading to precariousness in women’s work. This has been magnified by government austerity measures. This article combines the GPN and feminist political economy literatures to investigate how the tensions between commercial pressures and gender relations and institutions in a time of economic crisis drive precariousness in women’s work and the implications for women’s adaptive agency. These questions are explored through the case of the table grapes export sector in Greece. The study finds that women farmworkers went back to waged and/or unwaged work in table grapes, but the need for their skilled work enabled them to retain some agency, even as unwaged laborers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 70-95
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1609690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1609690
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gigi Foster
Author-X-Name-First: Gigi
Author-X-Name-Last: Foster
Author-Name: Leslie S. Stratton
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stratton
Title: What women want (their men to do): Housework and Satisfaction in Australian Households
Abstract: 
 The time allocated to household chores is substantial, with the burden falling disproportionately upon women. Social norms about how much housework men and women should do are likely to influence couples’ housework allocation decisions and satisfaction. Using Australian data spanning 2001–14, this study employs a two-stage estimation procedure to examine how deviations from housework norms relate to couples’ satisfaction. The study finds that satisfaction is negatively affected by predicted housework time and that women’s satisfaction, but not men’s, is robustly affected by their partners’ residual housework time. When he exceeds housework norms, she is happier with housework allocations, but less happy in broader dimensions. The study suggests several reasons for the results, including that housework is more salient in women’s lives than in men’s, that housework generally is not a preferred activity, and that some degree of gender-norm conformity in regard to housework can positively affect women’s life satisfaction.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 23-47
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1609692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1609692
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kseniia Gatskova
Author-X-Name-First: Kseniia
Author-X-Name-Last: Gatskova
Author-Name: Artjoms Ivlevs
Author-X-Name-First: Artjoms
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivlevs
Author-Name: Barbara Dietz
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietz
Title: Can Labor Emigration Affect the Education of Girls? Evidence from Tajikistan
Abstract: 
 This study examines how large-scale, predominantly male emigration affects the education of girls staying in Tajikistan, the poorest post-Soviet state and one of the most remittance-dependent economies in the world. Using data from a three-wave household panel survey conducted in 2007, 2009, and 2011, this study finds that the net effect of migration on girls’ schooling turns from positive to negative with girls’ age. These results lend support to various conceptual channels through which the emigration of household members may affect girls’ education, including the relaxation of budget constraints, a change of the household head, and an increase in household work. At the practical level, the results imply that migration can be detrimental to women’s empowerment and cast doubt on whether emigration is an appropriate long-term development strategy for Tajikistan.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 96-118
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1615101
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1615101
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:3:p:96-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damla Isik
Author-X-Name-First: Damla
Author-X-Name-Last: Isik
Title: "Just Like Prophet Mohammad Preached": Labor, Piety, and Charity in Contemporary Turkey
Abstract: 
 Based on research conducted in Konya, Istanbul, Afyon, Izmir, Manisa, and Denizli, Turkey, in 2004–9, this contribution documents how gendered individual religious practices are conjoined to transnational business competition, changing labor conditions, and broader projects of economic transformation. The study focuses on the carpet-weaving and textile industries and civil society organizations in Turkey, investigating the ways in which charitable giving, pious practice, and local labor conditions create uniquely complex ways in which socioeconomic policies, processes, and commitments affect gendered lives. What is witnessed in weaving neighborhoods, civil society organizations, and the transnational linkages of production–consumption is neither a wholesale translation of Weberian capitalism nor a strict implementation of Islamic texts and practices. It is a unique Turkish assemblage of faith, religious practice, charitable giving, and flexibility of labor. This contribution calls for feminist researchers to empirically examine “pious economies” – that is, the linkages between pious practice and economic behavior.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 212-234
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.825376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.825376
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer
Author-X-Name-First: Naila
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer
Author-Name: Lopita Huq
Author-X-Name-First: Lopita
Author-X-Name-Last: Huq
Author-Name: Simeen Mahmud
Author-X-Name-First: Simeen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmud
Title: Diverging Stories of “Missing Women” in South Asia: Is Son Preference Weakening in Bangladesh?
Abstract: 
 South Asia is a region characterized by a culture of son preference, severe discrimination against daughters, and excess levels of female mortality, leading to what Amartya Sen called the phenomenon of “missing women.” However, the onset of fertility decline across the region has been accompanied by considerable divergence in this phenomenon. In India, improvements in overall life expectancy have closed the gender gap in mortality rates among adults, but persisting gender discrimination among children and increasing resort to female-selective abortion has led to growing imbalance in child sex ratios and sex ratios at birth. In Bangladesh, by contrast, fertility decline has been accompanied by a closing of the gender gap in mortality in all age groups. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study explores changing attitudes toward sons and daughters in Bangladesh to explain why the phenomenon of “missing women” has played out so differently in these two neighboring countries.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 138-163
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2013.857423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2013.857423
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Hassani-Nezhad
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassani-Nezhad
Author-Name: Anna Sjögren
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sjögren
Title: Unilateral Divorce for Women and Labor Supply in the Middle East and North Africa: The Effect of Khul Reform
Abstract: 
 This contribution investigates whether the introduction of Khul, Islamic unilateral divorce rights for women, helps to explain recent dramatic increases in women's labor supply in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries over the 1980–2008 period. It shows, using data for eighteen countries, that Khul reform increased the labor force participation of women relative to men. Furthermore, we find evidence that the effect of Khul is larger for younger women (ages 24–34) compared to older women (ages 35–55). Younger women increased their labor force participation by 6 percent, which accounts for about 10 percent of the increase in their labor force participation from 1980 to 2008.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 113-137
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.932421
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.932421
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:113-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gamze Çavdar
Author-X-Name-First: Gamze
Author-X-Name-Last: Çavdar
Author-Name: Yavuz Yaşar
Author-X-Name-First: Yavuz
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaşar
Title: Moving Beyond Culturalism and Formalism: Islam, Women, and Political Unrest in the Middle East
Abstract: 
 Scenes of political unrest throughout the Middle East are often coupled with media reports and public debates in the United States that have a recurring theme: the relationship between women and Islam. After discussing the culturalist accounts that portray women as being in grave danger from Islam and in need of Western protection and supervision, this contribution examines an emerging trend in political science developed under the influence of the formalism of neoclassical economics. The study argues that despite ostensibly universal assumptions about human behavior and alleged objectivity, the theoretical foundations of neoclassical economics and its methodological formalism fall short in providing an alternative to culturalism, and, instead, reinforce the misperceptions and misunderstandings about the region.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 33-57
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.933858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.933858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:33-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein
Title: Patriarchy versus Islam: Gender and Religion in Economic Growth
Abstract: 
 This contribution evaluates whether affiliation with Islam is a theoretically and statistically robust proxy for patriarchal preferences when studying the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth. A cross-country endogenous growth analysis shows that direct measures of patriarchal institutions dominate a variety of religious affiliation variables and model specifications in explaining country growth rates, and that using religious affiliation, particularly Islam, as a control for culture produces misleading conclusions. This result is robust to the inclusion of measures of gender inequality in education and income, indicating that establishing and maintaining patriarchal institutions (a process this study calls “patriarchal rent-seeking”) exact economic growth costs over and above those measured by standard gender inequality variables. One of the key contributions of this study is to draw on unique institutional data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Gender, Institutions and Development (GID) database to better understand the gendered dynamics of growth.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 58-86
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.934265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.934265
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian
Author-X-Name-First: Nadera
Author-X-Name-Last: Shalhoub-Kevorkian
Author-Name: Antonina Griecci Woodsum
Author-X-Name-First: Antonina
Author-X-Name-Last: Griecci Woodsum
Author-Name: Himmat Zu'bi
Author-X-Name-First: Himmat
Author-X-Name-Last: Zu'bi
Author-Name: Rachel Busbridge
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Busbridge
Title: Funding Pain: Bedouin Women and Political Economy in the Naqab/Negev
Abstract: 
 This contribution focuses on the experiences and voices of Palestinian Bedouin women surviving and challenging Israeli colonial policies while residing in their own land and, in particular, the Bedouin women of the Naqab living in unrecognized villages. Through interviews and focus groups, this study learns from and engages with the voices of Palestinian Bedouin women because colonized women's criticisms of the political economic apparatus are seldom invoked to influence policy. Exploring these women's voices offers an opportunity to examine the political economy of their unrecognized, officially nonexistent villages and homes and to rectify the gap in bottom-up knowledge of political economy by investigating the institutional structures that define and circumscribe women's lives. Privileging Bedouin women's production of knowledge carries the analytical value of studying political economy based on women's own experiences and struggles against hegemony.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 164-186
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.946941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.946941
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:164-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Özlem Altan-Olcay
Author-X-Name-First: Özlem
Author-X-Name-Last: Altan-Olcay
Title: Entrepreneurial Subjectivities and Gendered Complexities: Neoliberal Citizenship in Turkey
Abstract: 
 This contribution explores the promotion of women's entrepreneurial activities in Turkey. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews conducted during 2011–12 in two civil-society organizations that run programs fostering women's entrepreneurship, this study shows how neoliberal ideologies interact with ideas of labor, responsibility, and gender. Emphasizing individual rationalities and entrepreneurial attitudes, these civil-society programs contribute to the construction of model subjects of neoliberal citizenship, who are expected to be self-governing and self-sufficient. Yet problems embedded in the neoliberal paradigm and these particular organizations’ commitment to women's rights produce contradictions in implementation. The goal of entrepreneurial women is predicated on the assumption that women contribute more to their families’ well-being than men. The programs’ attempts to construct potential entrepreneurs out of women for this purpose reveal problems with discourses of individual self-sufficiency and responsibility.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 235-259
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.950978
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.950978
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:235-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roksana Bahramitash
Author-X-Name-First: Roksana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahramitash
Author-Name: Jennifer C. Olmsted
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted
Title: Choice and Constraint in paid work: Women from low-income households in Tehran
Abstract: 
 Based on interviews and participant observation conducted in 2009–10 in Tehran among women living in low-income communities, this contribution examines the complex ways in which women experience paid work. Most low-income Iranian women interviewed had conflicted views about paid employment. Some held up the male breadwinner as ideal, occasionally invoking Islam to limit their engagement in work they viewed as socially stigmatizing, physically difficult, or low paying. Others, particularly younger and unmarried women, had more positive views of work. Class, age, type of employment, and marital status all played roles in shaping women's experiences; but among women with similar characteristics, considerable differences were also apparent. Building off previous work that rejects simplistic dualisms such as choice versus constraint or exploitation versus empowerment, this contribution argues for more nuanced categories that allow for an emphasis on the conflicted ways women experience paid work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 260-280
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.957710
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.957710
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:260-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niels Spierings
Author-X-Name-First: Niels
Author-X-Name-Last: Spierings
Title: The Influence of Patriarchal Norms, Institutions, and Household Composition on Women's Employment in Twenty-Eight Muslim-Majority Countries
Abstract: 
 The low level of women's employment in Muslim-majority countries is often explained by patriarchy, while disregarding variation among and within these countries. Using a new theoretical framework, this study translates patriarchy as a concept to macro- and micro-level explanations of employment. It formulates and tests hypotheses for societal norms and institutions and household composition, including how the latter's effects are context dependent. The study analyzes data from surveys (1997–2008) for twenty-eight countries, 383 districts, and 250,410 women and finds that men's public dominance over women decreases women's employment. Presence of – in particular non-foster – children and elderly people at home withholds women from labor market entrance. However, presence of other women in the household stimulates labor market entrance. Absence of a partner, male household head, or other adult men pushes women into the labor market, and thus, for example, male breadwinners' absence has a weaker negative effect in contexts of male public dominance.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 87-112
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.963136
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.963136
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:87-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fauzia Erfan Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Fauzia Erfan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Title: Peace in the Household: Gender, Agency, and Villagers' Measures of Marital Quality in Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 Although development studies have emphasized quality of life, the quality of marriage remains uninvestigated. This study challenges the bargaining model by arguing that theories of marital quality, derived from women's voices and subaltern knowledge, should be integral to feminist economic theories of marriage and intrahousehold gender relations. Findings from a longitudinal (1999–2009) ethnographic study of microcredit loanee families in rural Bangladesh reveal that Muslim women believe high marital quality or togetherness leads to peace in the household. This local model of marriage is central to the moral economy of social life. The study identifies eight local measures of marital quality that define what low-income women think a good Muslim husband should be like. The study concludes that the peace-in-the-household model emphasizes the transformation of masculinity as a program strategy that should be implemented in microcredit households in various parts of the world.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 187-211
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.963635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.963635
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:187-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adryan Wallace
Author-X-Name-First: Adryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace
Title: Agency through Development: Hausa Women's NGOs and CBOs in Kano, Nigeria
Abstract: 
 Analyzing the participation of Hausa women in religiously influenced nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) devoted to development work provides critical insights into the complex intersection of gender, religion, class, culture, and politics and economics. Based on interviews with leaders and employees of various NGOs, including community-based organizations (CBOs), in Kano, Nigeria, in 2010–11, this in-depth case study provides important examples of how various types of NGOs navigate political pressures when it comes to funding; it recognizes the understudied importance of women's labor contributions in the context of the development apparatus in Africa; it highlights the role of women as progenitors rather than benefactors of economic development; and it illustrates the unique role that faith-based organizations (FBOs) can and do play in terms of reaching certain marginalized segments of the population.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 281-305
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.963636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.963636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:20:y:2014:i:4:p:281-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ebru Kongar
Author-X-Name-First: Ebru
Author-X-Name-Last: Kongar
Author-Name: Jennifer C. Olmsted
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted
Author-Name: Elora Shehabuddin
Author-X-Name-First: Elora
Author-X-Name-Last: Shehabuddin
Title: Gender and Economics in Muslim Communities: A Critical Feminist and Postcolonial Analysis
Abstract: 
 This contribution seeks to delineate the broad contours of a transnational, anti-imperial feminist perspective on gender and economics in Muslim communities by bringing together feminist analyses of Orientalist tropes, development discourses and policies, and macro- and microeconomic trends. The goal is to facilitate conversations among scholars who have tended to work within their respective disciplinary and methodological silos despite shared interests. This approach pays special attention to intersectionality, historicity, and structural constraints by focusing on the diversity of the experiences of women and men by religion, location, citizenship, class, age, ethnicity, race, marital status, and other factors. It recognizes the complex relationships between the economic, political, cultural, and religious spheres and the role of local and transnational histories, economies, and politics in shaping people's lives. Finally, it emphasizes that openness to different methodological approaches can shed clearer light on the question of how various structural factors shape women's economic realities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-32
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.982141
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.982141
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liangshu Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Liangshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Title: Unpaid Care Work's Interference with Paid Work and the Gender Earnings Gap in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the effects of unpaid care work on the earnings of men and women in China by using data from the 2008 China Time Use Survey, the country's first, large-scale time-use survey. The study introduces three indicators to measure the degree to which unpaid care work may “interfere” with paid work, either by directly disrupting it or by being intertwined with it. The regression estimates show that while the amount of time spent on unpaid care work negatively affects the earnings of both men and women, the interference of unpaid work with paid work lowers earnings more for women than for men. Quantitatively, the gender differences in the time spent on unpaid care work and its interference with paid work account for 28 percent of the gender earnings gap in China.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 143-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1025803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1025803
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harriet Zurndorfer
Author-X-Name-First: Harriet
Author-X-Name-Last: Zurndorfer
Title: Men, Women, Money, and Morality: The Development of China's Sexual Economy
Abstract: 
 This paper focuses on men and women engaged in China's sexual economy, which is dominated by the exchange between wealthy and politically influential men and unmarried young women who trade their femininity and sexuality for material wealth and financial security from these men. Drawing on analyses of the popular 2009 television serial, Woju (Dwelling Narrowness), coupled with recent ethnographic studies, the paper shows how this sexual economy thrives in the increasingly competitive and commercial urban landscape of present-day China. The study then examines the impact of commodification and materialism on men and women. The paper places these gender dynamics within the context of socioeconomic changes during the last thirty years and investigates how gender inequality became assimilated into both official and popular discourses of Chinese life, thereby facilitating the ascendancy and power of the sexual economy.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1026834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1026834
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie A. Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Julie A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Title: Not-So-Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking
Abstract: 
 Based on a growing body of experimental and other studies, two recent economics survey articles claim to find “strong evidence” that women are “fundamental[ly]” more risk-averse than men. Yet, much of the literature fails to clearly distinguish between differences that hold at the individual level (categorical differences between men and women) and patterns that appear only at the aggregate level (statistically detectable differences in men's and women's distributions, such as different means). There is a resulting problem of possible misinterpretation, as well as a dearth of appropriate attention to substantive significance. Additionally, one of the two surveys suffers from problems of statistical validity, possibly due to confirmation bias. Applying appropriate, expanded statistical techniques to the same data, this study finds substantial similarity and overlap between the distributions of men and women in risk taking, and a difference in means that is not substantively large.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-142
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1057609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1057609
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rahul Lahoti
Author-X-Name-First: Rahul
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahoti
Author-Name: Hema Swaminathan
Author-X-Name-First: Hema
Author-X-Name-Last: Swaminathan
Title: Economic Development and Women's Labor Force Participation in India
Abstract: 
 India has experienced steady economic growth over the last two decades alongside a persistent decline in women's labor force participation (LFPR). This paper explores the relationship between economic development and women's labor supply using state-level data spanning the period 1983–4 to 2011–2. While several studies suggest a U-shaped relationship between development and women's labor force participation, our results suggest that at the state level, there is no systematic U-shaped relationship between level of domestic product and women's LFPR. On examining the relationship between the structure of the economy and women's economic activity, we find that it is not economic growth but rather the composition of growth that is relevant for women. Further, our results suggest that aggregate changes in the proportion of women in the workforce can be mostly attributed to the movement of the workforce across sectors rather than changes in the proportion of women workers within a sector.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 168-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1066022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1066022
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maty Konte
Author-X-Name-First: Maty
Author-X-Name-Last: Konte
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: Gender difference in support for Democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do social institutions matter?
Abstract: 
 Several recent papers have noted gender differences in support for democracy in Africa, but the causes of this difference remain unclear. This article investigates whether the observed gender gap is due to the related gender inequality in social institutions, which affects women's daily life and deprives them of social and economic empowerment inside and outside the home. Using Afrobarometer survey data (rounds 2 [2002–3], 3 [2004–5], and 4 [2008–9]), the study finds that the gender difference in support for democracy is no longer significant once gender discrimination is controlled for in the family code, physical integrity, or civil liberties components of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). Interaction terms show that women's support for democracy is only lower in places where gender inequality in these social institutions is particularly large. This study thus provides evidence that women who live in countries with favorable institutions toward women are more supportive of democracy than women who do not.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 55-86
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1103379
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1103379
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanna De Giusti
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanna
Author-X-Name-Last: De Giusti
Author-Name: Uma Sarada Kambhampati
Author-X-Name-First: Uma Sarada
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambhampati
Title: Women's Work Choices in Kenya: The Role of Social Institutions and Household Gender Attitudes
Abstract: 
 This study considers the factors that influence women's work behavior in Kenya. In particular, it examines whether gender attitudes and certain types of social institution influence the probability of employment or type of employment for women. Using data from the Demographic and Health Survey of 2008–9, it finds that religion and ethnicity are significant determinants of women's employment in Kenya. While personal experience of female genital mutilation is insignificant, spousal age and education differences, as well as marital status (which reflect attitudes both in women's natal and marital families), are significant determinants of women's employment choices.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 87-113
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1115531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1115531
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheba Tejani
Author-X-Name-First: Sheba
Author-X-Name-Last: Tejani
Author-Name: William Milberg
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Milberg
Title: Global Defeminization? Industrial Upgrading and Manufacturing Employment in Developing Countries
Abstract: 
 Globalization has for decades been associated with a rise in the female share of employment or feminization. This study finds that since the mid 1980s, export growth in developing countries is associated with feminization in some countries and a defeminization in others. Focusing on Southeast Asia and Latin America, it uses a fixed-effects econometric model to test whether the technological conditions of production (labor or capital intensity) rather than export growth account for shifts in the female share of employment in manufacturing. It finds that the capital intensity of production, evidenced by shifts in labor productivity, is negatively and significantly related to shifts in the female share of employment in manufacturing, while exports are statistically insignificant. The study concludes that an anti-female bias exists in labor demand changes that result from output or employment shifts in developing countries when manufacturing becomes more capital intensive, a process likely related to industrial upgrading.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 24-54
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1120880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1120880
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Eydoux
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Eydoux
Title: Gender and the European Labour Market
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 202-206
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1134803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1134803
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:2:p:202-206




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Günseli Berik
Author-X-Name-First: Günseli
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik
Title: Women and Austerity: The Economic Crisis and the Future for Gender Equality
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 196-201
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1150598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1150598
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:2:p:196-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Jin Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Yangyang Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Yangyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Relative Pay of Domestic Eldercare Workers in Shanghai, China
Abstract: 
 Domestic services represent a growing sector of the economy in many high- and upper-middle income countries. Demand for domestic workers for eldercare is especially high as a result of the rapid aging of the population in these countries. However, domestic eldercare employment is characterized as a low-pay, low-status occupation worldwide. This article examines the relative pay of domestic eldercare workers in urban China and its underlying determinants. The estimates show that when holding observable individual characteristics constant, domestic eldercare workers earn 28 percent less than other types of workers in the service sector in Shanghai. The analysis attributes the low wages of eldercare workers to the fact that domestic paid work is culturally devalued, eldercare is performed by workers from the most marginalized segments of Shanghai's labor force, and the users of eldercare are relatively poor among the users of domestic services.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 135-159
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1143108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1143108
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Alonso-Villar
Author-X-Name-First: Olga
Author-X-Name-Last: Alonso-Villar
Author-Name: Coral del Río
Author-X-Name-First: Coral
Author-X-Name-Last: del Río
Title: The Occupational Segregation of African American Women: Its Evolution from 1940 to 2010
Abstract: 
 Based on detailed occupation titles and making use of measures that do not require pair-wise comparisons, this paper shows that the occupational segregation of African American women declined dramatically in 1940–80, decreased slightly in 1980–2000, and remained stagnant in 2000–10. This paper quantifies the well-being losses that African American women derive from their occupational sorting. The reduction of segregation was indeed accompanied by well-being improvements, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Regarding the role that education has played, this study highlights that it was only from 1990 onward that African American women with either some college or university degrees had lower segregation (as compared with their peers) than those with lower education. Nevertheless, the well-being loss that African American women with university degrees derived in 2010 for being segregated from their peers in education was not too different from that of African American women with lower education.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 108-134
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1143959
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1143959
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Erratum
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: vii-vii
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1167453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1167453
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amalia Sa’ar
Author-X-Name-First: Amalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Sa’ar
Title: The Gender Contract under Neoliberalism: Palestinian-Israeli Women's Labor Force Participation
Abstract: 
 This paper interprets the pressure to raise Palestinian-Israeli women’s labor force participation within the unfolding neoliberal project in Israel, arguing that women’s stalled workforce integration reflects embedded economic rationality. Poor infrastructure and discriminatory policies, combined with Israel’s rapid economic privatization, set contradictory expectations for Palestinian-Israeli women: their opportunity-cost calculations include entitlements to economic protection alongside obligations to provide expenditure-saving domestic labor. Yet growing pressure and desire to join the paid workforce suggest that the gender contract may be changing. This cultural schema, which links women’s economic strategizing to their sense of feminine propriety, is transforming as part of a broader transition to a market-led gender regime, with the paradoxical effect of encouraging women’s employment while simultaneously impoverishing them. By dwelling on the dialectics of culture and the structure of work opportunities, and women’s agency, this paper aims to resolves an impasse in the current debate on women’s low workforce participation.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 54-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1190028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1190028
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghazal Zulfiqar
Author-X-Name-First: Ghazal
Author-X-Name-Last: Zulfiqar
Title: Does Microfinance Enhance Gender Equity in Access to Finance? Evidence from Pakistan
Abstract: 
 This paper descriptively analyzes longitudinal microfinance outreach numbers and interview data from 140 practitioners and borrowers in Pakistan to examine whether the claim that microfinance enhances gender equity in access to finance can be substantiated. This assertion has recently replaced the more ambitious contention that microfinance has an empowering impact on women. The paper argues that this shift has occurred because of increased commercialization at the global level and authoritative assessments against the empowerment claim. The study further considers whether the frame of competing logics from institutional theory can explain the case of the Pakistani microfinance sector, in which, as shown here, commercialized microfinance has actually led to a rise in gender inequalities in access to finance. The paper attributes this rise to the inability of the Pakistani microfinance sector to reconcile the competing logics of development and banking.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 160-185
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1193213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1193213
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Rosenblum
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenblum
Title: Estimating the Private Economic Benefits of Sons Versus Daughters in India
Abstract: 
 In order to understand the economic incentives behind gender discrimination in India, this paper provides the first estimates of the magnitude of the economic benefits of having a son instead of a daughter. The study estimates large gains from a first-born son to per capita income and expenditure, household assets, and a reduction in the probability the household is below the poverty line. Estimates show that a first-born son may provide economic advantages through a reduction in total children born and also from an adult son’s labor supply contribution to his parents’ household. The observed pattern of incentives is also compared with observed patterns in sex selection as a test of whether the relative economic value of first-born sons and daughters can explain the prevalence of sex-selective abortion.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 77-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1195004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1195004
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabeth Prügl
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Prügl
Title: Neoliberalism with a Feminist Face: Crafting a new Hegemony at the World Bank
Abstract: 
 Neoliberalism has been discredited as a result of proliferating crises (financial, ecological, care) and mounting inequality. This paper examines the growing research on gender at the World Bank as a site for the construction of a new hegemonic consensus around neoliberalism. Drawing on a computer-assisted inductive analysis of thirty-four Bank publications on gender since 2001, the paper documents Bank efforts to establish a positive relationship between gender equality and growth; shows the expansion of the Bank’s definition of equality as equal opportunity; illustrates how the focus on institutions has enabled engagement with core feminist concerns, such as equality in the family; and traces how incorporating notions of women’s empowerment and agency has made possible a focus on domestic violence. The paper concludes by emphasizing the ambiguous effects of the Bank’s new neoliberalism, which continues to use the market as the arbiter of social values while providing openings for feminist agendas.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 30-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1198043
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1198043
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jana Lenze
Author-X-Name-First: Jana
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenze
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: Does Women’s Labor Force Participation Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Jordan
Abstract: 
 Enhancing women’s labor force participation is seen as a way to promote their empowerment and improve their well-being and that of their children. The empirical literature on the relationship between women’s employment status and domestic violence is less clear-cut. Using quantitative data from Jordan in 2007, this study explores the effect of women’s employment, as measured by their participation in paid work outside the home, on reported domestic violence, controlling for the potential endogeneity of women’s employment, which might bias the relationship between employment and domestic violence. Without taking endogeneity into account, the regression results suggest that a woman’s participation in paid work enhances violence by her husband. After controlling for endogeneity, these results turn out to be insignificant, which suggests that women’s work status has no causal influence on marital violence. Differentiating between various types of domestic violence provides weak evidence that women’s employment lowers sexual violence.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1211305
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1211305
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: viii-viii
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1254903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1254903
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann-Zofie Duvander
Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Zofie
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvander
Author-Name: Mats Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Title: Does Fathers’ Care Spill Over? Evaluating Reforms in the Swedish Parental Leave Program
Abstract: 
 The aim of reserving months for fathers in the Swedish parental leave system was to increase fathers’ use of leave as well as encourage gender equality in the home and labor market. Using data from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, this study investigates the effects of the reform – reserving one month of leave for fathers in 1995 and a second month in 2002 – on gender equality in the home. The study uses the take up of the parental benefit for the care for sick children (CFSC) as a proxy for gender equality and follows parents’ use of CFSC for twelve years for the first reform and ten years for the second reform. Results indicate the first reform led to more equal leave sharing, mainly because use of the benefit decreased among mothers with low education, and at least in part fulfilled the aim of increasing gender equality in the home.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 67-89
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1474240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1474240
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esther-Mirjam Sent
Author-X-Name-First: Esther-Mirjam
Author-X-Name-Last: Sent
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren
Title: A Feminist Review of Behavioral Economic Research on Gender Differences
Abstract: 
 This study provides a critical review of the behavioral economics literature on gender differences using key feminist concepts, including roles, stereotypes, identities, beliefs, context factors, and the interaction of men’s and women’s behaviors in mixed-gender settings. It assesses both statistical significance and economic significance of the reported behavioral differences. The analysis focuses on agentic behavioral attitudes (risk appetite and overconfidence; often stereotyped as masculine) and communal behavioral attitudes (altruism and trust; commonly stereotyped as feminine). The study shows that the empirical results of size effects are mixed and that in addition to gender differences, large intra-gender differences (differences among men and differences among women) exist. The paper finds that few studies report statistically significant as well as sizeable differences – often, but not always, with gender differences in the expected direction. Many studies have not sufficiently taken account of various social, cultural, and ideological drivers behind gender differences in behavior.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-35
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1532595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1532595
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irene Dankelman
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: Dankelman
Title: Climate Change and Gender in Rich Countries: Work, Public Policy and Action
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 199-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1538562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1538562
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:2:p:199-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Camila Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Camila
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Author-Name: Dante Contreras
Author-X-Name-First: Dante
Author-X-Name-Last: Contreras
Author-Name: Luis Schmidt
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt
Title: Sexual Orientation and Labor Force Participation: Findings from Chile and Uruguay
Abstract: 
 This is the first study that examines the association between sexual orientation and labor force participation in Chile and Uruguay. Using information on heads of households and their partners from recent census data, it applies a simple econometric methodology to measure the relationship of sexual orientation and labor participation, juxtaposing individuals who are part of straight and same-sex couples, while determining any difference in this association according to gender. The study finds that partnered gay men are up to 5.0 percentage points less likely to participate in the workforce compared to married straight men. In addition, lesbians are up to 32.7 percentage points more likely to participate in the labor force compared to married straight women. Trends between the two countries are similar, but the likelihood of participating in the labor force differs significantly. Conservatism in the cultural context and legal frameworks of each country arises as a possible explanation.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 90-115
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1554905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1554905
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie Mueller
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller
Author-Name: Amber Peterman
Author-X-Name-First: Amber
Author-X-Name-Last: Peterman
Author-Name: Lucy Billings
Author-X-Name-First: Lucy
Author-X-Name-Last: Billings
Author-Name: Ayala Wineman
Author-X-Name-First: Ayala
Author-X-Name-Last: Wineman
Title: Exploring Impacts of Community-Based Legal Aid on Intrahousehold Gender Relations in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 Community-based legal aid (CBLA) has been promoted as a promising intervention to reach rural marginalized populations who face barriers to accessing formal legal services and is increasingly implemented with the specific goal of protecting women's rights. This study evaluates the impact of a twelve-month CBLA program in northwestern Tanzania on intrahousehold gender relations using a clustered-randomized control trial across 139 villages. Among 1,219 women, the study finds those in treatment villages are more likely to refer others to paralegals for a variety of domestic issues; however, there are no measureable impacts on aggregate knowledge of marital law, intrahousehold decision making, or reported experience of twelve-month intimate partner violence. These overall results are robust to a number of other sensitivity analyses, including accounting for spillovers, attrition bounds, and modeling choices. While these results indicate limited potential for intrahousehold and gender-progressive change, program duration and intensity likely affected measurable positive impacts.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 116-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1554906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1554906
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:2:p:116-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Wellbeing, Freedom, and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 204-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1564063
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1564063
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:2:p:204-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez
Author-X-Name-First: Ana María
Author-X-Name-Last: Iregui-Bohórquez
Author-Name: María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo
Author-X-Name-First: María Teresa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramírez-Giraldo
Author-Name: Ana María Tribín-Uribe
Author-X-Name-First: Ana María
Author-X-Name-Last: Tribín-Uribe
Title: Domestic Violence Against Rural Women in Colombia: The Role of Labor Income
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the effect of women’s earnings on domestic violence in rural Colombia during the period 2009–2013. To this end, it builds an indicator of domestic violence against women at the municipal level, based on the number of visits of women who attended health facilities where a report on suspected domestic violence was issued by their physician, which overcomes the bias introduced by self-reporting victims. Results indicate that greater income generation by women in rural areas in most economic activities (coffee, fruits, commerce, and industry) decreases domestic violence, while in services, the opposite occurs. The latter could be the result of the mainly menial jobs women perform in this sector, which may be undervalued in their homes, thus making them more vulnerable. The study also finds that improvements in the municipality’s economic activity and access to education contribute to the reduction of domestic violence against women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 146-172
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1566752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1566752
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:2:p:146-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl R. Doss
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere
Author-Name: Abena D. Oduro
Author-X-Name-First: Abena D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduro
Author-Name: Hema Swaminathan
Author-X-Name-First: Hema
Author-X-Name-Last: Swaminathan
Author-Name: Zachary Catanzarite
Author-X-Name-First: Zachary
Author-X-Name-Last: Catanzarite
Author-Name: J. Y. Suchitra
Author-X-Name-First: J. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Suchitra
Title: Gendered Paths to Asset Accumulation? Markets, Savings, and Credit in Developing Countries
Abstract: 
 An extensive literature shows how property inheritance is biased against women in many developing countries, yet relatively little attention has been given to gender bias in other means of acquiring physical assets, such as the market. Using individual-level data from Ecuador, Ghana, and Karnataka, India, this study analyzes modes of acquisition and financing of housing, agricultural land, other real estate, and businesses. The findings show that women acquire fewer of their assets through the market than men, and that in asset markets, both men and women are more likely to use their own savings than to use credit. The study also analyzes current loans for asset acquisition and finds that, in general, women tend to be somewhat disadvantaged in securing formal bank loans. The results suggest that financial inclusion to promote more gender equal access to accumulation of assets should focus on both savings and credit, with priority to savings.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 36-66
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1566753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1566753
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nuria Legazpe
Author-X-Name-First: Nuria
Author-X-Name-Last: Legazpe
Author-Name: María A. Davia
Author-X-Name-First: María A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davia
Title: Women’s Employment and Childcare Choices in Spain Through The Great Recession
Abstract: 
 The Great Recession (2008–13) changed patterns in women’s employment and the use of formal and informal external childcare among mothers of young children in Spain. This paper analyzes these changes using an analytical strategy that takes into account interdependencies across the outcomes under study. The results show that the economic crisis has resulted in interesting changes in the use of external childcare across mothers’ and fathers’ employment status; for example, as men’s unemployment increased, the use of informal non-parental childcare declined, which might be related to (unobserved) changes in fathers’ involvement in childcare during the recession. These results further indicate the need for policies that improve access to formal childcare, as well as policies that provide men and women with employment stability.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 173-198
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1566754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1566754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:2:p:173-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Corinna Dengler
Author-X-Name-First: Corinna
Author-X-Name-Last: Dengler
Author-Name: Birte Strunk
Author-X-Name-First: Birte
Author-X-Name-Last: Strunk
Title: The Monetized Economy Versus Care and the Environment: Degrowth Perspectives On Reconciling an Antagonism
Abstract: 
 This paper addresses the question of how the current growth paradigm perpetuates existing gender and environmental injustices and investigates whether these can be mitigated through a degrowth work-sharing proposal. It uses an adapted framework of the “ICE model” to illustrate how ecological processes and caring activities are structurally devalued by the monetized economy in a growth paradigm. On the one hand, this paradigm perpetuates gender injustices by reinforcing dualisms and devaluing care. On the other hand, environmental injustices are perpetuated since “green growth” does not succeed in dematerializing production processes. In its critique of the growth imperative, degrowth not only promotes the alleviation of environmental injustices but also calls for a recentering of society around care. This paper concludes that, if designed in a gender-sensitive way, a degrowth work-sharing proposal as part of a broader value transformation has the potential to address both gender and environmental injustices.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 160-183
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1383620
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1383620
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Gaddis
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaddis
Author-Name: Amy K. Coplen
Author-X-Name-First: Amy K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Coplen
Title: Reorganizing School Lunch for a More Just and Sustainable Food System in the US
Abstract: 
 Public school lunch programs in the United States are contested political terrains shaped by government agencies, civil society activists, and agri-food companies. The particular organization of these programs has consequences for public health, social justice, and ecological sustainability. This contribution draws on political economy, critical food studies, and feminist economics to analyze the US National School Lunch Program, one of the world's oldest and largest government-sponsored school lunch programs. It makes visible the social and environmental costs of the “heat-and-serve” economy, where widely used metrics consider only the speed and volume of service as productive work. This study demonstrates that such a narrow understanding of the labor of lunch devalues care and undercuts the potential for school food provisioning to promote ecological and feminist goals. Further, it proposes a “high road” alternative and outlines an agenda for reorganizing school food provisioning to maximize care in all its dimensions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 89-112
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1383621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1383621
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:89-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Mussell
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mussell
Title: Who Dares to Care? (In the World of Finance)
Abstract: 
 This study argues that gendered barriers to care are limiting the progress of socially responsible investment (SRI). Anchored within the world of finance – an industry predicated on mathematical theorizing, neoclassical economic thought, and omission of relational values – the inclusion of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, a commonly used term for nonfinancial information in SRI, in investment decision making confronts several barriers. One such barrier concerns care: who cares for what, and where. In an environment where an atomistic-individualistic ontology dominates, and a relational-values ontology is omitted, the study investigates the possibilities for ESG to have a wider uptake. It considers the changes required to align the inherently relational aspect of care within a culture of economic reasoning reliant on the exclusion of care. It concludes with suggestions for how a relational caring perspective can be incorporated to accommodate and encourage SRI in the world of financial management.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 113-135
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1390319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1390319
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:113-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristina N. Piorkowski
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Piorkowski
Author-Name: Alok K. Bohara
Author-X-Name-First: Alok K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohara
Title: Passing the “Torches of Freedom”: Smoking Behaviors of Women in Nepal
Abstract: 
 Globally, men constitute a larger percentage of smokers than women, but the rate of women smokers is growing. Smoking is a feminist issue: there are unique consequences for women's health, well-being, and agency. Recently passed anti-smoking legislation in Nepal, which has the highest rate of women smokers in South Asia, omits gender-conscious recommendations, potentially diminishing the impact of the legislation on women's lives. Relying on the 2001, 2006, and 2011 waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, this paper expands the dialogue around women's smoking and places it at the forefront of research on women's health issues. The results indicate that for women in Nepal, formal education and visiting a health facility mitigate smoking behaviors, whereas being employed and living in certain regions promotes smoking behaviors. The aim is for this and the ensuing inquiries to change government anti-smoking legislation in order to improve women's health.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 56-79
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1406192
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1406192
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:56-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger
Author-Name: Marisa Von Fintel
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Von Fintel
Author-Name: Carina Van der Watt
Author-X-Name-First: Carina
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Watt
Title: Household Social Mobility for Paid Domestic Workers and Other Low-Skilled Women Employed in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the theme of patronage by examining how the social mobility prospects of paid domestic workers differ from other vulnerable low-skilled black and colored women in post-apartheid South Africa. The literature provides contradictory predictions about the effects of a relationship with an affluent employer on a vulnerable employed woman and her household. Using data from the 2002–8 General Household Survey, this study uses propensity score matching (PSM) to compare paid domestic workers versus employed women with similar labor market characteristics. It finds that the household members of paid domestic workers tend to have a lower likelihood of unemployment, lower unemployment duration, higher likelihood of owning assets, and lower prevalence of hunger. It is, however, important to see evidence of such benefits in the context of a complicated employment relationship and to highlight that such benefits can reflect both altruistic and self-serving employer motivations.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 29-55
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1414951
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1414951
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:29-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marjorie Griffin Cohen
Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Griffin
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen
Title: Gender and Climate Change Financing: Coming Out of the Margin
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 188-190
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1421319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1421319
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:188-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dürdane Şirin Saraçoğlu
Author-X-Name-First: Dürdane Şirin
Author-X-Name-Last: Saraçoğlu
Author-Name: Emel Memiş
Author-X-Name-First: Emel
Author-X-Name-Last: Memiş
Author-Name: Ebru Voyvoda
Author-X-Name-First: Ebru
Author-X-Name-Last: Voyvoda
Author-Name: Burça Kızılırmak
Author-X-Name-First: Burça
Author-X-Name-Last: Kızılırmak
Title: Changes in Global Trade Patterns and Women's Employment in Manufacturing, 1995–2011
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the feminization and defeminization trends in manufacturing employment in thirty countries from 1995 to 2011. Utilizing two separate methods, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and factor content analysis (FCA), the study identifies the major industries and trade partners behind the structural shifts in trade that have induced changes in employment and thus in the rates of women’s employment. The findings highlight that, as a general trend, defeminization in manufacturing has persisted in the Global North, led by a negative trade impact in low-technology industries. In the Global South, feminization and defeminization trends are not as straightforward. Despite positive changes in women’s share of employment in medium-high- and high-technology industries, negative gender bias effects of trade changes are found particularly in high-technology industries, where occupations are notably gendered.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1435899
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1435899
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:1-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie A. Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Julie A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Title: Buddhist Economics: An Enlightened Approach to the Dismal Science
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 184-187
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1455986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1455986
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:184-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Günseli Berik
Author-X-Name-First: Günseli
Author-X-Name-Last: Berik
Title: To Measure and to Narrate: Paths Toward a Sustainable Future
Abstract: 
 This contribution engages with the question of measurement of economic well-being from a feminist ecological perspective. It starts from the dual premises that it is necessary to recognize and value as important the economic, social, and environmental contributors to economic welfare and desirable for ecological and feminist economists to collaborate in moving toward a sustainable future. The study examines the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), formulated and developed by environmental-ecological economists, as a potentially useful measure that responds to both feminist and ecological economic concerns by making visible unpaid care labor and the environment. As an accounting framework that applies the monetary imputation approach, the GPI is objectionable to some ecological and feminist economists. Reviewing debates among feminist and ecological economists, this study argues that the goals and potential objections of both groups may be addressed by complementing GPI with a narrative approach in a plural and conditional policy-input process.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 136-159
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1458203
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1458203
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:136-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie A. Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Julie A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Author-Name: Marilyn Power
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Power
Title: Ecology, Sustainability, and Care: Developments in the Field
Abstract: 
 Over the past three decades, scholars and activists have been attempting to enrich the field of economics with both feminist and ecological perspectives. This essay reviews some highlights of such efforts, describes the current state of the field (particularly in regard to notions of “care”), and introduces a short symposium.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 80-88
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1473914
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1473914
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:3:p:80-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María Arrazola
Author-X-Name-First: María
Author-X-Name-Last: Arrazola
Author-Name: José de Hevia
Author-X-Name-First: José
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hevia
Title: The Gender Wage Gap in Offered, Observed, and Reservation Wages for Spain
Abstract: 
 The literature on the gender wage gap and wage discrimination has exclusively analyzed observed wage differences, ignoring inactive or unemployed individuals. In order to obtain a more complete overview of gender wage differences, this paper analyzed inactive or unemployed individuals in terms of offered and reservation wages in Spain in the years 1994, 2000, and 2006. The results show that the observed wages give a more positive perspective of the gender wage gap than offered ones. Furthermore, the existence of an important gender wage gap for reservation wages has been noted, which is possibly because women take charge of household and family caregiving tasks to a greater degree than men. The results show that Spanish women had higher reservation wages and lower offered wages than men, which explains their lower participation in the labor market.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 101-128
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2015.1135248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2015.1135248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:4:p:101-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcella Corsi
Author-X-Name-First: Marcella
Author-X-Name-Last: Corsi
Author-Name: Fabrizio Botti
Author-X-Name-First: Fabrizio
Author-X-Name-Last: Botti
Author-Name: Carlo D'Ippoliti
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Ippoliti
Title: The Gendered Nature of Poverty in the EU: Individualized versus Collective Poverty Measures
Abstract: 
 Due to the adoption of the household as a unit of analysis, researchers have failed to identify accurate measures of women's income poverty. This study proposes an individualized measure of European poverty to highlight gender differences in the economic crisis. Employing data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the period 2007–12, it compares the household-based at-risk-of-poverty rate (ARPR) and the individualized financial dependency rate (FDR). The study shows that the gender gap in poverty in Europe is considerably higher when computed through FDR. Indeed, since the ARPR constitutes a proxy of the household's average conditions, it levels down gender inequalities within the household and also variations in individuals’ incomes over time. Only more detailed data collection on intrahousehold resource sharing will possibly allow the development of more precise and realistic indicators of women's and men's risks of poverty and financial dependency.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 82-100
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1146408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1146408
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:4:p:82-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahdi Majbouri
Author-X-Name-First: Mahdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Majbouri
Title: Against the Wind: Labor Force Participation of Women and Economic Instability in Iran
Abstract: 
 In the last three decades, Iranian women's educational attainment has continuously increased while their fertility rate has fallen rapidly. Yet in spite of these developments, which in many countries have a positive effect on women's labor force participation, female labor force participation (FLFP) rates have remained at low levels. This paper argues that despite its overall static trend, FLFP of some Iranian women responded to economic pressures induced by macroeconomic instabilities. Looking at the Iranian economic crisis of 1994–5, the study shows that, controlling for individual fixed effects, married women in rural areas and never-married women in urban areas increased their participation rate by as much as 38 percent. No change in hours worked was found for any group of women. The differences in responses and their underlying reasons have policy implications for many developing countries.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 31-53
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1150597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1150597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:4:p:31-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: F. Kemal Kızılca
Author-X-Name-First: F. Kemal
Author-X-Name-Last: Kızılca
Title: Breaking with Dogma: Unorthodox Consumption Patterns and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey
Abstract: 
 Using information about household consumption data from TURKSTAT's Household Surveys for 2007–13 as a sign of religious unorthodoxy, this study explores the effect of religion on women's labor force and educational participation in a Muslim-majority country, Turkey. A household is categorized as “unorthodox” if its members report that they consume goods that contradict conservative Sunni practices, such as alcohol. This information is then used in female labor force participation estimations. Results show that living in an unorthodox household has a positive and highly significant effect on the probability of married women's labor market participation. For single women, the estimations provide weaker evidence regarding the positive effect of unorthodoxy on the probability of participation in education and the labor force. The study concludes that protection of the rights to follow unorthodox practices in society may bear positive implications with regard to women's agency.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-30
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1154976
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1154976
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:22:y:2016:i:4:p:1-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria S. Floro
Author-X-Name-First: Maria S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro
Title: The Remaking of Social Contracts: Feminists in a Fierce New World
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 155-160
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1170175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1170175
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zofia Łapniewska
Author-X-Name-First: Zofia
Author-X-Name-Last: Łapniewska
Title: Reading Elinor Ostrom through a Gender Perspective
Abstract: 
 This paper concentrates on the scientific work of Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012), who for more than forty years carried out theoretical and empirical research on common-pool resources. Ostrom theorizes that the commons often prevent resource exhaustion more effectively than the state, international institutions, or private owners. However, one of the foundations of commons, as an alternative program to the private/state dualism, ought to be the principle of equality that includes a gender perspective in theory and practice. The goal of this article is to provide thoughtful ways of incorporating gender in economic research from the viewpoint of feminist epistemology and to indicate the place of gender in Ostrom’s work. The methodology of this study could be used for reading economic publications through a gender perspective as well as for inspiring economists to use both gender as a category of analysis and gender-sensitive language in their theoretical and empirical studies.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 129-151
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1171376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1171376
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leanne Roncolato
Author-X-Name-First: Leanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Roncolato
Title: The Feminization U in South Africa: Economic Structure and Women's Labor Force Participation
Abstract: 
 The feminization U theory claims that women’s labor force participation drops during the initial phase of industrialization and rises once a certain level of development is reached. This paper is the first to exploit the diversity in economic structure across municipalities to consider the shape of the feminization U in a developing country. Using data from South Africa’s 2007 Community Survey, this study investigates whether a feminization U exists. Results reveal a U-shaped relationship between the share of nonagricultural employment and women’s probability of being in the labor force. Results show that the exclusion of informal urban employment leads to an overestimation of the U slope and part of the decline in women’s labor force participation during early structural change is likely related to household and care constraints. A U-shaped relationship is not found between the share of households with electricity and women’s probability of being in the labor force.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 54-81
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1172721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1172721
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: İpek İlkkaracan
Author-X-Name-First: İpek
Author-X-Name-Last: İlkkaracan
Title: Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics as if All People Mattered
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 152-155
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1213410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1213410
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine A. Moos
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Moos
Title: Finding Time: The Economics of Work-Life Conflict
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 160-165
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1213874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1213874
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 166-169
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1223397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1223397
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Xiaohan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Retirement and Grandchild Care in Urban China
Abstract: 
 This study estimates the causal effect of retirement on grandchild care in urban China. It utilizes the exogenous variations in retirement status caused by China’s mandatory retirement-age policy. Drawing on the data of individuals close to retirement age from the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the analysis shows a statistically significant increase of 29 percentage points in the provision of grandchild care after the transition to retirement for women and a 21 percentage-point increase for men. Moreover, the study finds that grandchild care is demand driven for men and supply driven for women. It also finds that women with lower education levels have a lower probability of retirement after reaching eligible age but are more likely to provide grandchild care after retirement.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 240-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1370120
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1370120
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nan Jia
Author-X-Name-First: Nan
Author-X-Name-Last: Jia
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Yue-ping Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yue-ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Paid Maternity Leave and Breastfeeding in Urban China
Abstract: 
 Using data from the 2010 Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status, this contribution estimates the effect of paid maternity leave on breastfeeding duration in urban China during the 1988–2008 period. The analysis applies a policy-based identification strategy to control for the endogenous relationship between paid leave entitlements and breastfeeding decisions. Estimates show that paid maternity leave has a strong positive effect on breastfeeding duration. Specifically, if the length of paid leave increases by thirty days, then the probability of breastfeeding for at least six months increases by 12 percentage points. Between 1988 and 2008, the average length of paid leave for mothers without a college education decreased by twenty-three days, which reduced these mothers’ probability of breastfeeding for at least six months by 9 percentage points. These results support the view that paid maternity leave enhances the ability of employed women to sustain breastfeeding and call for universal paid leave entitlements.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 31-53
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1380309
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1380309
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yafeng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yafeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Chuanchuan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Chuanchuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Gender Inequalities in Labor Market Outcomes of Informal Caregivers near Retirement Age in Urban China
Abstract: 
 This study examines the impacts of unpaid family care on labor supply and earnings of women and men near retirement age in urban China. Using the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variable approaches, it finds that grandchild care is negatively associated with both women's and men's labor force participation, while there are no effects for eldercare. For women caregivers, caring for grandchildren substantially lowers paid labor hours compared to noncaregivers. No significant relationships are found between eldercare and paid labor hours of women workers. For men workers, neither grandchild care nor eldercare is significantly associated with labor hours. The study also finds no statistically significant relationships between grandchild care and labor earnings for either women or men. Eldercare, however, is positively associated with the earnings of men workers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 147-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1383618
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1383618
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lan Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Lan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Fiona MacPhail
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: MacPhail
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Title: Gender, Work Burden, and Mental Health in Post-Reform China
Abstract: 
 This study investigates how total work burden, including paid work and unpaid care work, affects the mental health of prime-age, employed women and men in urban China. Based on the 2010 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), regression results indicate that total work burden is negatively related to the mental health of both men and women, consistent with the idea that additional work hours reduce time available for rest and leisure. Women have longer working hours and are more likely to be time poor than men, and this gender inequality in total work burden contributes to the gender gap in mental health. The relationships between the components of total work burden – paid and unpaid work – and mental health shed further light on the strength of gender norms and the barriers to redistribution of unpaid work from women to men necessary to reduce the gender gap in mental health.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 194-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1384557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1384557
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:2:p:194-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shangyi Mao
Author-X-Name-First: Shangyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Mao
Author-Name: Rachel Connelly
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Connelly
Author-Name: Xinxin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Xinxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Stuck in the Middle: Off-Farm Employment and Caregiving Among Middle-Aged Rural Chinese
Abstract: 
 Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–12 baseline data, this contribution explores to what extent taking care of grandchildren and frail parents influences rural middle-aged Chinese adults’ off-farm employment. The findings show that, conditional on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, taking care of grandchildren has a negative effect on rural middle-aged men's and women's off-farm job participation and hours worked. Caregiving for parents does not have the same negative effects on off-farm employment and hours worked. Furthermore, the study finds that annual earnings are also negatively affected by caregiving responsibilities, especially for women and men taking care of grandchildren.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 100-121
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1387670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1387670
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yueping Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yueping
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Title: Childcare Costs and Migrant and Local Mothers' Labor Force Participation in Urban China
Abstract: 
 This study empirically analyzes the impact of childcare costs on the labor force participation (LFP) and childcare utilization of migrant and local mothers of preschool-age children in urban China, using data from the 2010 National Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Floating Populations. The estimates show that childcare costs have a strong negative effect on the LFP and childcare utilization of migrant and local mothers. Compared to local mothers, the LFP and childcare utilization rate of migrant mothers are, respectively, more and less sensitive to changes in childcare costs. The analysis indicates that the LFP and childcare choices of migrant mothers are more constrained by the lack of access to affordable childcare than are local mothers in China.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 122-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1398405
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1398405
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liangshu Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Liangshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Title: Gender, Low-Paid Status, and Time Poverty in Urban China
Abstract: 
 Using synthetic data from the 2008 China Time Use Survey (CTUS) and the 2008 China Household Income Project (CHIP), this study estimates time-poverty rates and compares the profiles of time-poor men and women workers in urban China. In line with previous research, time poverty is defined as a lack of enough time for rest and leisure. Three time-poverty measures are adopted. By all three measures, women paid workers and low-paid workers account for a disproportionate share of the time poor. Regression analysis further shows that, other things being equal, workers who are women, low-paid, married, and who live with children or the elderly in counties with higher overtime rates and lower minimum wage standards are more likely to be time poor. Simulations indicate that enforcing working time regulations and raising minimum wage standards could be effective for reducing time poverty.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 171-193
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1404621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1404621
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:2:p:171-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sai Ding
Author-X-Name-First: Sai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Margaret Maurer-Fazio
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret
Author-X-Name-Last: Maurer-Fazio
Title: Childcare, Household Composition, Muslim Ethnicity, and Off-Farm Work in Rural China
Abstract: 
 This study explores how religious and ethnic norms and gender relations interact across the domestic and public spheres of work in rural China's minority-concentrated regions. It focuses on the roles that childcare and household composition play in the employment decisions of prime-age married individuals of Muslim and non-Muslim ethnicity. Using the 2012 China Household Ethnicity Survey (CHES), the study finds that children generally decrease women's likelihood of employment outside the home and increase men's. The gender gap in the probability of off-farm employment is larger for those of Muslim ethnicity. Non-Muslim parents of sons are more likely to migrate for employment than parents of daughters. The presence of women of grandparent age (46–70) universally facilitates labor migration. Men of grandparent age tend to increase only the probability that non-Muslim parents migrate for employment. Additional adult male household members reduce the likelihood that women of Muslim ethnicity have off-farm employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 77-99
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1407032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1407032
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Rui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Yaohui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: The Gender Pension Gap in China
Abstract: 
 China has had a large gender gap in labor force participation, sectors of employment, and earnings. This study shows that disadvantages in the labor market for women are the primary drivers of the gender pension gap. Among people age 60 and older, women receive about half of the amount of men's social pensions. Using the 2013 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the CHARLS Life History Survey of 2014, this contribution has three main findings. First, about three-quarters of the deficit in women's pensions is explained by women's lower likelihood of receiving occupational pensions, and one-third is due to smaller benefits when they do receive them. Second, the gender deficit in receiving an occupational pension can be explained by education level and employment sector. Third, among pension recipients, nearly one-third of the gender benefit gap is explained by women's fewer years of employment and lower salaries.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 218-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1411601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1411601
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:2:p:218-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Qin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yafeng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yafeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yaohui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: The Impact of China's New Rural Pension Program on Elderly Labor, Grandchild Care, and Old-Age Support
Abstract: 
 This study examines how a social pension program changes paid work patterns and expectations about the source of future financial support for the elderly in China. Using the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the study finds that the New Rural Pension Program (NRPP) reduced the hours of farmwork and increased the hours of grandchild care among elderly rural men; and both elderly women and men reported less expected reliance on adult children for financial support when they become infirm. These differential effects probably occur because the size of the pension benefit is very small and because of previous gender differences in farmwork and grandchild care. Additionally, the study shows that adult children reduced out-migration and increased their hours spent in farming activities, indicating that the effect of the NRPP has spilled over to younger members of the household.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 265-287
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1421768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1421768
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:2:p:265-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinxin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Xinxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: John Giles
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Giles
Author-Name: Yafeng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yafeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yaohui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Gender Patterns of Eldercare in China
Abstract: 
 Using the baseline wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), collected from 2011 to 2012, this study finds that among those age 60 and above, women are 7.6 percent more likely than men to have care needs and 29.3 percent more likely than men to have unmet needs; and that most of the gender gap in unmet needs is explained by the existence and health status of a spouse. Further analysis reveals a sharp gender division in patterns of family care in China. While men are more likely to receive care from their wives, women are primarily cared for by their children. Marital status and spouse health also affect provision of care, with infirm women who have healthy husbands less likely to receive care than infirm men with healthy wives. The findings have important implications for designing gender-sensitive policies in eldercare.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 54-76
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1438639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1438639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:2:p:54-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Connelly
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Connelly
Author-Name: Xiao-yuan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Joyce Jacobsen
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen
Author-Name: Yaohui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: The Care Economy in Post-Reform China: Feminist Research on Unpaid and Paid Work and Well-Being
Abstract: 
 As China embarked on the path of economic and social reforms, social provisions from the Maoist era were dismantled, and care responsibilities shifted back from the state to the household. Rural–urban migration, a steep decline in fertility, and increasing longevity have led to changes in the age structure of the population both overall and by region. Using seven different surveys, the eleven contributions in this volume study the distributive consequences of post-reform care policies and the impact of unpaid care responsibilities on women’s and men’s opportunities and gender inequality. Overall, reduced care services have created care deficits for disadvantaged groups, including low-income rural elderly and children. The shifted care burden has also limited women’s ability to participate fully in the market economy and has contributed to rising gender inequalities in labor force participation, off-farm employment, earnings, pensions, and mental health outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-30
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1441534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1441534
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georg Stadtmann
Author-X-Name-First: Georg
Author-X-Name-Last: Stadtmann
Author-Name: Hendrik Sonnabend
Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonnabend
Title: Good Intentions and Unintended Evil? Adverse Effects of Criminalizing Clients in Paid Sex Markets
Abstract: 
 Internationally, there is no consensus concerning the legal and moral judgment of sex work. Nevertheless, there is an overwhelming agreement on the need to fight against forced sex work. This paper uses a formal economic model in order to analyze how a law – introduced to punish clients of commercial sex services – affects market outcomes. More specifically, it examines how the so-called “neo-abolitionism” or “Nordic” prostitution regime impacts forced sex work. The theoretical analysis reveals that this effect is ambiguous and crucially depends on the size of the deterrence effect and on local properties of the market demand. In addition, it highlights the conditions under which the composition of clients changes toward more risk-seeking individuals. Policy implications that arise are identified and discussed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1644454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1644454
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clara Mi Young Park
Author-X-Name-First: Clara Mi Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: “Our Lands are Our Lives”: Gendered Experiences of Resistance to Land Grabbing in Rural Cambodia
Abstract: 
 Cambodia is known as a hotspot for land grabbing in Southeast Asia. Land dispossession due to elite capture, natural resources exploitation, and agribusiness development has catalyzed international attention following outbreaks of violence, mass protests, and retaliations. Agrarian economies, as well as social and gender relations and thus power dynamics at different levels, are being transformed and reshaped, facilitated by policies that promote capital penetration in rural areas and individualization of land access. Focusing on cases of rural dispossession and political resistance in Ratanakiri and Kampong Speu provinces, and drawing on reports, government documents, focus group discussions, and interviews, this study analyzes the gendered implications of land grabbing in contemporary Cambodia and argues that gender shapes and informs women’s responses and politics, as well as the spaces in which these are played out.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 21-44
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1503417
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1503417
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:25:y:2019:i:4:p:21-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marylynn Steckley
Author-X-Name-First: Marylynn
Author-X-Name-Last: Steckley
Author-Name: Joshua Steckley
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Steckley
Title: Post-Earthquake Land Appropriations and the Dispossession of Rural Women in Haiti
Abstract: 
 This study examines the trajectory of rural women’s labor in the wake of post-earthquake land appropriations in Haiti. Drawing on ethnographic field research conducted between 2010 and 2013, it explores gendered access to land in Haiti in both historical and contemporary contexts, paying attention to the nature of rural gender relations and how they influence women’s access to land and their roles in petty commerce. The study describes the stratification of rural market women, their lived experience, and how losing land access will affect their traditional roles as market women. Ultimately it argues that without access to land, and a paucity of available wage work, recent dispossession will intensify existing vulnerabilities for rural women and narrow their means of household production by forcing them to depend on informal market activity in their roles as machann (market women).
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 45-67
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1511916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1511916
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niels-Hugo Blunch
Author-X-Name-First: Niels-Hugo
Author-X-Name-Last: Blunch
Title: My Choice: Women’s Contraceptive-Use Autonomy in Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 Using a nationally representative household survey for two cohorts of married women, this study examines women’s contraceptive-use autonomy (CUA) incidence and correlates in Bangladesh, focusing on the role of education. Previous research has examined the incidence and correlates of contraceptive use and of several dimensions of female autonomy but only rarely the intersection of the two – that is, CUA. This study finds that women from the younger cohort are far more likely to have complete autonomy over contraceptive use than women from the older cohort. Detailed decompositions reveal that the improvement in education across cohorts is the main correlate of the improved generational CUA gap. Health knowledge, especially knowledge that the use of condoms can help avoid contracting HIV/AIDS, is part of the transmission mechanism between women’s education and women’s CUA but also exerts an additional influence on CUA.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 68-93
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1618479
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1618479
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lei Lei
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Lei
Author-Name: Sonalde Desai
Author-X-Name-First: Sonalde
Author-X-Name-Last: Desai
Author-Name: Reeve Vanneman
Author-X-Name-First: Reeve
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanneman
Title: The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Women's Employment in India
Abstract: 
 Indian women's labor force participation is extremely low, and women are much less likely than men to work in the nonfarm sector. Earlier research has explained women's labor supply by individual characteristics, social institutions, and cultural norms, but not enough attention has been paid to the labor market opportunity structure that constrains women's labor market activities. Using data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) in 2004–05 and 2011–12, this study examines how village transportation infrastructure affects women's and men's agricultural and nonagricultural employment. Results from fixed-effect analysis show that access by paved or unpaved roads and frequent bus services increase the odds of nonagricultural employment among men and women. The effect of road access on nonfarm employment (relative to not working) is stronger among women than among men. Improved transportation infrastructure has a stronger positive effect on women's nonfarm employment in communities with more egalitarian gender norms.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 94-125
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1655162
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1655162
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernanda Mazzotta
Author-X-Name-First: Fernanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzotta
Author-Name: Anna Papaccio
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Papaccio
Author-Name: Lavinia Parisi
Author-X-Name-First: Lavinia
Author-X-Name-Last: Parisi
Title: Household Management Systems and Women’s Decision Making Within the Family in Europe
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes household management systems and their effect on intrahousehold gender differences in decision making in thirty European countries. The study considers five domains that reflect two types of decisions – time-consuming and frequent decisions like everyday shopping versus infrequent but important decisions like borrowing money or purchasing consumer durables. In time-consuming activities, the gender gap favors women in each system; for infrequent decisions, the gender gap is dependent on the way money is managed and the biggest gap is found in systems where resources are not pooled. This paper also investigates the role of distribution factors in shaping decision-making behavior. For time-consuming decisions, the higher the income (and education) of the woman compared to the man, the less likely she is to make the decisions. For infrequent activities, the higher the income of the woman compared to the man, the more likely she is to make the decisions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 126-158
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1658887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1658887
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margherita Scarlato
Author-X-Name-First: Margherita
Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlato
Author-Name: Giorgio d'Agostino
Author-X-Name-First: Giorgio
Author-X-Name-Last: d'Agostino
Title: Cash Transfers, Labor Supply, and Gender Inequality: Evidence from South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of the Child Support Grant (CSG) implemented in South Africa on the labor supply of the parents of beneficiary children. The aim is to assess whether the program improved or lessened gender inequality in the labor market. Using data from a national panel survey and applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that exploits an expansion in eligibility due to a discontinuous change in age eligibility, the results show that the CSG had a negative effect on the probability of parents of beneficiary children being employed and mixed effects on the participation in the labor force, with substantial heterogeneity by gender and by other individual and household characteristics. Overall, the evaluation suggests that the program provided support to members of vulnerable households in coping with the constraints of the South African labor market, but it did not reshape existing gender inequalities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 159-184
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1648850
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1648850
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iga Magda
Author-X-Name-First: Iga
Author-X-Name-Last: Magda
Author-Name: Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska
Author-X-Name-First: Ewa
Author-X-Name-Last: Cukrowska-Torzewska
Title: Do Women Managers Lower Gender Pay Gaps? Evidence from Public and Private Firms
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the link between the share of women managers and the size of the firm-level gender pay gap, looking separately at the private and public sectors. Using a large linked employer–employee dataset for Poland and nonparametric and parametric decompositions, the study finds that a greater share of women managers is associated with an increased advantage for women in selected types of public-sector units: the ones in which remunerations of women and men are already equal, and a large share of the workforce is tertiary-educated. The effects are, however, relatively small in size. In private establishments, lower gender wage inequality is associated with higher shares of women workers, but not women managers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 185-210
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1634828
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1634828
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marit Widman
Author-X-Name-First: Marit
Author-X-Name-Last: Widman
Author-Name: Robert Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: Joint Land Titling and Household Bargaining in Madagascar
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates analytically and through numerical simulations how the intrahousehold bargaining positions of a couple are affected by the opportunity to title agricultural land, and how the couple’s choice between an individual male title and a joint title is determined. The results suggest that when land registration is offered to couples as a discrete choice between individual or joint titles, there is a risk that women with weak initial bargaining positions will be further weakened following the reform. A joint title will only be chosen if the spouses start off with relatively equal bargaining positions; otherwise a male title will be chosen. An application of the model to the situation of Madagascar, using household survey data, supports the predictions of the model.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 211-239
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1665195
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1665195
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Temilade Sesan
Author-X-Name-First: Temilade
Author-X-Name-Last: Sesan
Author-Name: Mike Clifford
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Clifford
Author-Name: Sarah Jewitt
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Jewitt
Author-Name: Charlotte Ray
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Ray
Title: “We Learnt that Being Together Would Give us a Voice”: Gender Perspectives on the East African Improved-Cookstove Value Chain
Abstract: 
 Improved cookstoves (ICS) have been promoted for several decades, with little success. Advocates looking to drive uptake encourage greater involvement of women in ICS enterprises, on the largely unproven premise that women’s participation in the value chain will enhance their financial bottom line while giving a boost to ICS sales. This paper tests the validity of that premise, using qualitative evidence from East Africa. The analysis shows gender-differentiated outcomes for enterprises across the value chain. Women-led enterprises are significantly underrepresented at higher levels of the chain, where sales volumes are highest. Value-chain positioning also influences access to key inputs like finance, potentially reinforcing the gender divide in enterprise performance. The findings challenge the dominant narrative in the ICS field about the inevitability of the link between market participation and economic empowerment for women and indicate a need to look beyond conventional market models to enhance financial outcomes for women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 240-266
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1657924
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1657924
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nishith Prakash
Author-X-Name-First: Nishith
Author-X-Name-Last: Prakash
Author-Name: Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna Chaitanya
Author-X-Name-Last: Vadlamannati
Title: Girls for Sale? Child Sex Ratio and Girl Trafficking in India
Abstract: 
 Illegal trafficking of girls results from their disadvantageous position in society, often reflected by preference for sons and neglect of daughters. India has both higher levels of illegal trafficking of girls and abnormal child sex ratios in favor of boys. This paper examines if the skewed sex ratio in India is associated with trafficking of girls. Using panel data from twenty-nine Indian states from 1980 to 2011, the study finds that a 100-unit increase in the child sex ratio is associated with a 0.635 percent increase in girl trafficking. Further, the association is heterogeneous by women’s empowerment, crime against women, and party rule in the state, and the association between the child sex ratio and trafficking of girls is stronger and larger in magnitude in states with greater women’s empowerment. Overall, it appears the results are driven both by greater reporting and a greater incidence of illegal girl trafficking.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 267-308
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1666212
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1666212
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 309-312
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1681207
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1681207
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage
Author-Name: Shareen Joshi
Author-X-Name-First: Shareen
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Author-X-Name-First: Yana van der Meulen
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers
Title: The Intersections of Women’s Economic and Reproductive Empowerment
Abstract: 
 This article examines the connections between women’s reproductive health, care responsibilities, and the quality of work. The research suggests that the economic empowerment of women, manifest in their choice of where and when to work, and of the terms and conditions of that work, is intimately linked to reproductive empowerment and reproductive outcomes. Simplistic discourse in development policy about educating girls and getting women into the labor force will not translate into goals being met unless attention is paid to women’s reproductive health and rights. This analysis highlights the data limitations inherent in existing surveys that frustrate a more-nuanced inquiry into employment and fertility outcomes. Analysts and statistical agencies responsible for household and labor force survey design could certainly apply some of the information they gain from questions that elicit retrospective histories of contraception and fertility to inform their interpretations of women’s employment history, job quality, and labor market intermittency.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1674451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1674451
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neetu A. John
Author-X-Name-First: Neetu A.
Author-X-Name-Last: John
Author-Name: Amy O. Tsui
Author-X-Name-First: Amy O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsui
Author-Name: Meselech Roro
Author-X-Name-First: Meselech
Author-X-Name-Last: Roro
Title: Quality of Contraceptive Use and Women’s Paid Work and Earnings in Peri-Urban Ethiopia
Abstract: 
 Economic and reproductive empowerment mutually reinforce each other. However, while many studies have examined the importance of economic empowerment for reproductive empowerment, few have investigated the reverse relationship, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study uses retrospective contraceptive-use history and panel data from two time points from a peri-urban community in Ethiopia to explore the impact of quality of contraceptive use as measured by duration of use and type of method on a woman’s ability to participate in the labor force, receive payment for work, and contribute to family income. Multivariate regression models were implemented based on the nature of the outcome variable. Women who reported more consistent use had statistically significant higher odds of working in the labor force and receiving cash payments. The findings illustrate the critical role of contraceptive use in enabling women to participate in the labor force and receive payment for their work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 23-43
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1632471
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1632471
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kate Bahn
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahn
Author-Name: Adriana Kugler
Author-X-Name-First: Adriana
Author-X-Name-Last: Kugler
Author-Name: Melissa Holly Mahoney
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahoney
Author-Name: Annie McGrew
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrew
Title: Do US TRAP Laws Trap Women Into Bad Jobs?
Abstract: 
 This study explores the impact of women’s access to reproductive healthcare on labor market opportunities in the US. Previous research finds that access to the contraception pill delayed age at first birth and increased access to a university degree, labor force participation, and wages for women. This study examines how access to contraceptives and abortions impacts job mobility. If women cannot control family planning or doing so is heavily dependent on staying in one job, it is more difficult to plan for and take risks in their careers. Using data from the Current Population Survey’s Outgoing Rotation Group, this study finds that Targeted Restrictions on Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws increased “job lock.” Women in states with TRAP laws are less likely to move between occupations and into higher-paying occupations. Moreover, public funding for medically necessary abortions increases full-time occupational mobility, and contraceptive insurance coverage increases transitions into paid employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 44-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1622029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1622029
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Didem Pekkurnaz
Author-X-Name-First: Didem
Author-X-Name-Last: Pekkurnaz
Title: Employment Status and Contraceptive Choices of Women With Young Children in Turkey
Abstract: 
 The childcare burden is one of the main reasons behind the lower employment rate of women in Turkey, and the opportunity cost of childbearing is high for employed women (especially for those in higher-paid jobs). Since using an effective birth control method allows women to control the timing of reproduction, there may be differences in contraception behavior between employed women and women not working for pay. This study analyzes the impact of employment status of women with young children on their contraception behavior using data from the 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). Results show that employed women, including family workers, are more likely to choose a modern method over a traditional one, particularly those working as government employees. Results also indicate that the likelihood of employment can be enhanced by increasing the share of public provision of childcare and preschool services.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 98-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1642505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1642505
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage
Author-Name: Naziha Sultana
Author-X-Name-First: Naziha
Author-X-Name-Last: Sultana
Author-Name: Allison Glinski
Author-X-Name-First: Allison
Author-X-Name-Last: Glinski
Title: Reducing Vulnerable Employment: Is there a Role for Reproductive Health, Social Protection, and Labor Market Policy?
Abstract: 
 Reproductive health and employment are inextricably linked for women. Across the globe, women are the primary caretakers of children, and a woman’s reproductive years tend to overlap with her economically productive years. Planned and unplanned pregnancy and childbearing affect women’s ability to pursue different types of economic opportunities and even the choice of sectors in which they seek to work. This study explores the timing and sequencing of policy to address reproductive health needs and to strengthen labor market institutions and social protection, illustrated by case studies from six developing countries – Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, South Africa, the Philippines, and Vietnam – which have similar demographic transitions but divergent labor market outcomes for women. The findings suggest that where fertility transitions have been sharpest, this has not automatically translated into more employment and better labor market outcomes for women – illuminating a critical role for policy to support women’s transition into formal employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 121-153
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1670350
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1670350
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix M. Muchomba
Author-X-Name-First: Felix M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchomba
Author-Name: Nan Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Nan
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Neeraj Kaushal
Author-X-Name-First: Neeraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaushal
Title: Culture, Labor Supply, and Fertility Across Immigrant Generations in the United States
Abstract: 
 Recent immigration to the United States and other developed nations has increasingly been from countries that have relatively traditional gender norms. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey for 2000–14 to investigate how source-country gender norms influence the labor supply and fertility of married women across immigrant generations in the US. It finds that immigrants’ and descendants’ labor supply and fertility are associated with the female-to-male labor force participation ratio and total fertility rate in the source country; importantly, the association declines across successive generations. Husbands’ source-country characteristics are also associated with the labor supply and fertility of immigrant women. These findings indicate evolution and assimilation of traditional gender norms in the long run.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 154-178
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1633013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1633013
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rohini Prabha Pande
Author-X-Name-First: Rohini Prabha
Author-X-Name-Last: Pande
Author-Name: Sophie Namy
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Namy
Author-Name: Anju Malhotra
Author-X-Name-First: Anju
Author-X-Name-Last: Malhotra
Title: The Demographic Transition and Women's Economic Participation in Tamil Nadu, India: A Historical Case Study
Abstract: 
 This study analyzes the co-evolution of economic, social, governmental, and gender systems; the demographic transition; and women’s extra-domestic productive opportunities in Tamil Nadu, India. It examines how gender norms for women’s extra-domestic productive and domestic reproductive (motherhood) roles interacted with other upheavals in demography, society, and economy, and how these interweaving trends were reflected in women’s actual participation – and gender gaps – in higher education and employment. The study finds that higher education and employment for women at peak productive and reproductive ages rose as fertility declined, likely aided by Tamil Nadu’s history of social activism and investment in educational and economic infrastructure. However, motherhood remained a primary responsibility even after fertility declined, moving from a focus on childbearing to a focus on childrearing. Thus, traditional gender norms continued to prioritize women’s investment of time, income, and effort in their children over extra-domestic productive opportunities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 179-207
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1609693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1609693
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:26:y:2020:i:1:p:179-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Verónica Amarante
Author-X-Name-First: Verónica
Author-X-Name-Last: Amarante
Author-Name: Cecilia Rossel
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossel
Title: Unfolding Patterns of Unpaid Household Work in Latin America
Abstract: 
 Although Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay show similar empirical patterns in terms of time women devote to unpaid work, they also present important variations in how unpaid work is distributed between men and women. Using time-use surveys for the 2007–10 period, this study finds a uniform pattern across the four countries regarding the main individual-level variables related to the allocation of unpaid work. When decomposing the gender gap in hours devoted to unpaid work, most of the difference cannot be attributed to variations in observable characteristics of men and women: the unexplained part of the gap is the dominant part. Results suggest that both the strength of traditional gender roles and existing welfare architecture are relevant factors in understanding variations in how unpaid work is distributed between men and women in these four countries. The results reaffirm that powerful interventions are needed to shift gender norms about unpaid work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1344776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1344776
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen María Hernández-Nicolás
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen María
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández-Nicolás
Author-Name: Juan Francisco Martín-Ugedo
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Ugedo
Author-Name: Antonio Mínguez-Vera
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Mínguez-Vera
Title: Women Mayors and Management of Spanish Councils: An Empirical Analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the relationship between the gender of mayors in Spanish local government and different budget items. It uses a sample of local budgets for 8,112 town councils between 2002 and 2010, totaling 64,361 observations. The Spanish context is characterized by decentralization of public responsibility to a greater extent than in neighboring countries, feeding the debate on the operational efficiency of local government and the importance of gender in public management. Results show that councils with women mayors have lower annual interest and debt repayment obligations and have higher expenditure on security, protection, and social promotion. Thus, the presence of women in politics may serve to improve councils’ economic situations, which is necessary not only for social justice but also for economic efficiency. In addition, in councils with more inhabitants, women mayors are more common, but women are less likely to occupy the office for longer periods.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 168-191
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1347695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1347695
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:1:p:168-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anu Rammohan
Author-X-Name-First: Anu
Author-X-Name-Last: Rammohan
Author-Name: Patrick Vu
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu
Title: Gender Inequality in Education and Kinship Norms in India
Abstract: 
 Women’s schooling attainment in India continues to lag considerably behind that of men. This paper uses nationally representative district-level data from the 2007–8 District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), Indicus Analytics, and the 2011–12 Indian Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II) to examine the role of socioeconomic and cultural factors in influencing gender differentials in schooling. The results provide quantitative evidence of the role of different economic and sociocultural factors on gender disparities in education. The empirical results show that economic development is an important factor in narrowing gender gaps in education, with wealthier districts more likely to educate girls than poorer districts. However, the norm of patrilocal exogamy, where wives migrate to co-reside with their husband’s kin, is associated with worse outcomes for women’s schooling relative to men’s schooling; and, in keeping with anthropological research, gender-differentiated inequities in education are more pronounced in Northern India.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 142-167
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1364399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1364399
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christina Curley
Author-X-Name-First: Christina
Author-X-Name-Last: Curley
Title: Sexual Orientation, Sexual History, and Inequality in the United States
Abstract: 
 Much of the literature on sexual orientation discrimination reports earnings differentials for gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals when compared with heterosexuals. The General Social Survey (GSS) has previously been used due to its extensive coverage of demographic variables and sexual behavior in the United States. This study uses updated GSS data to investigate whether the income differentials found in earlier work have persisted and how estimates based on categorizing respondents according to the reported sex of their sex partners compare to estimates based on the respondents’ self-reported sexual orientation. Results for the years 2008–14 indicate that self-identification as an LGB individual and/or same-sex sexual behavior are correlated with a lower income; however, not all the results are statistically significant. In addition, there is a statistically significant negative income differential of 32 percent for men who report having had a same-sex partner at some point, but identify as straight/heterosexual.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 88-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1388531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1388531
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:1:p:88-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Tacoli
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Tacoli
Title: Cities, Slums and Gender in the Global South: Towards a Feminised Urban Future
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 197-200
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1388532
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1388532
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage
Title: La economía feminista desde América Latina: Una hoja de ruta sobre los debates actuales en la región
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 192-196
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1388533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1388533
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:1:p:192-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katie R. Genadek
Author-X-Name-First: Katie R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Genadek
Title: Unilateral Divorce and Time Allocation in the United States
Abstract: 
 Using time-diary data from the Time Use in Economic and Social Accounts (TUESA) 1975–76, which covers heterosexual couples in the United States, this paper analyzes the relationship between a state’s adoption of unilateral divorce and couples’ time allocation. Married women in states with unilateral divorce spend less time on core housework than those in states without unilateral divorce, and married men contribute to a greater share of housework. This paper also uses cross-state and time variation in divorce law adoption by including additional data from the early 1990s to estimate the effect of a state’s adoption of unilateral divorce on daily time use. The analysis confirms the findings for women in the 1970s: the availability of unilateral divorce substantially decreases married women’s time spent on housework. The results suggest that the adoption of unilateral divorce law shifts the relative bargaining power within heterosexual married households to women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 63-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1390318
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1390318
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Carlos Campaña
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Campaña
Author-Name: Jose Ignacio Giménez-Nadal
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Giménez-Nadal
Author-Name: José Alberto Molina
Author-X-Name-First: José Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina
Title: Gender Norms and the Gendered Distribution of Total Work in Latin American Households
Abstract: 
 This study uses time-use survey data for Mexico, Peru, and Ecuador (from 2009, 2010, and 2012, respectively) to analyze differences between countries in terms of the gendered distribution of total work, which includes both paid and unpaid work. It explores whether the variations in the total time worked by women and men, and, particularly, the gender gap unfavorable to women, can be explained by substantive national differences in gendered social norms. Using data from the World Values Survey (WVS; 2010–14), this study computes a gender norms index to measure cross-country differences in gender norms. It finds that more egalitarian countries exhibit higher levels of equality in the gendered distribution of total work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 35-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1390320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1390320
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Author-Name: Maria Stanfors
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanfors
Title: Risk Preferences and Gender Differences in Union Membership in Late Nineteenth-Century Swedish Manufacturing
Abstract: 
 Women are generally seen as less inclined to join trade unions. This study matches firm–worker data from the Swedish cigar and printing industries around 1900 and examines information on men and women holding the same jobs; such data are rare but important for understanding gender gaps. The results explain the gender gap in union membership among compositors, but not among cigar workers. Differences in union membership varied considerably across firms, with the largest differences found in low-union-density cigar firms where indirect costs (that is, uncertainty and risk) accrued in particular to women workers. The lack of gender differences in mutual aid membership indicates that women were not hard to organize but avoided organizations associated with greater risk for employer retaliation and uncertain returns according to a cost–benefit analysis.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1390321
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1390321
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alma Espino
Author-X-Name-First: Alma
Author-X-Name-Last: Espino
Author-Name: Fernando Isabella
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Isabella
Author-Name: Martin Leites
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Leites
Author-Name: Alina Machado
Author-X-Name-First: Alina
Author-X-Name-Last: Machado
Title: Do Women Have Different Labor Supply Behaviors? Evidence Based on Educational Groups in Uruguay
Abstract: 
 This study uses Uruguay’s historical fluctuation in real wages to set up a natural experiment to measure the relation between women’s labor supply and wages. Using data from the Continuous Household Surveys of the Uruguayan National Statistics Institute, for 1986–2010, it aims to identify and explain heterogeneity in the labor supply behavior of women with different educational backgrounds. It finds that all women groups seek to optimize their remunerated work allocation throughout their life cycle, although women’s labor behaviors vary depending on educational levels. The rising trend of women’s labor force participation is expected to continue; its implications at the intensive margin are ambiguous and depend on how women conciliate paid work with household responsibilities – especially women with less education. These results could inform present debates about designing public policies to facilitate women’s entry into the labor market and cater to their different wage profiles and household care demands.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 143-169
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1241415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1241415
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guiyan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Guiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Michel Fok
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Fok
Title: Are Women Less Capable in Managing Crops? Insights from Cotton Production in Northern China
Abstract: 
 Women’s performance in agriculture matters, as women are becoming increasingly involved in agricultural production worldwide. Many studies have demonstrated that women-led farms perform less well as a result of less access to production factors, but no studies focus on how women perform without this constraint. This study fills that gap by analyzing the case of cotton cropping, which is known for its high labor requirements, high production inputs, and need for technical knowledge. Using primary data collected in northern China over the 2006–9 period, it uses the concept of “Daily Crop Management” (DCM) and identifies DCM farms managed by women whose husbands were engaged in off-farm activities on a long-term basis. The study finds that one-third of all farms were female-DCM farms, that these were smaller than those of their male counterparts but had equal access to production factors and achieved equal if not better technical and economic performances.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 117-142
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1241416
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1241416
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:4:p:117-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Pietrykowski
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Pietrykowski
Title: The Return to Caring Skills: Gender, Class, and Occupational Wages in the US
Abstract: 
 Feminist economics has contributed to the understanding of the economic importance of care work. Most studies find a wage penalty associated with caring occupations. This study extends the feminist research on care work beyond caring occupations by identifying specific caring skills and activities derived from the 2014 O*NET job-evaluation data. Four caring skills – (1) Assisting and Caring for Others, (2) Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships, (3) Service Orientation, and (4) Social Perceptiveness – were used in ordinary least-squares and quantile wage regressions for 623 occupations in the United States. Findings indicate that the return to caring and assisting skills results in a wage penalty for low-wage workers but a wage premium for workers in high-wage and male occupations. By identifying the impact of gender and class on the economic return to particular caring skills, the study broadens the understanding of care work, especially in relation to US wage inequality.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 32-61
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1257142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1257142
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadiya Kelle
Author-X-Name-First: Nadiya
Author-X-Name-Last: Kelle
Author-Name: Julia Simonson
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonson
Author-Name: Laura Romeu Gordo
Author-X-Name-First: Laura Romeu
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordo
Title: Is Part-Time Employment after Childbirth a Stepping-Stone into Full-Time Work? A Cohort Study for East and West Germany
Abstract: 
 Does part-time work support first-time mothers’ employment by providing a stepping-stone into full-time work in Germany? Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984–2012, this study compares three different age cohorts of first-time East and West German mothers to investigate whether there has been any convergence between East and West Germany in the way women use part-time employment. Results show that mothers in West Germany in all cohorts tended to remain in part-time employment for longer periods than those in East Germany. Part-time employment more often provided a stepping-stone into full-time employment in East Germany than in West Germany. East German women who gave birth after reunification were less likely than older cohorts to experience a transition from part-time to full-time work. Thus, part-time employment not followed by subsequent full-time work has become more common in the East.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 201-224
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2016.1257143
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2016.1257143
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Cutillo
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Cutillo
Author-Name: Marco Centra
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Centra
Title: Gender-Based Occupational Choices and Family Responsibilities: The Gender Wage Gap in Italy
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the relationship between the gender division of labor, occupational choices, and the gender wage gap in Italy. In Italy, cultural factors and low availability of formal childcare services define gender roles that are generally based on the male breadwinner model, in which childcare is almost completely entrusted to women. The analysis is carried out through an extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and is based on data from the 2007 Italian National Institute for Workers’ Professional Development (ISFOL). The results are consistent with gender discrimination on wages and suggest that women’s occupational paths are often an outcome of limited choices, and that women’s unpaid domestic work negatively interferes with the energy women can put into paid work. These findings support the need to ensure gender equality in and out of the labor market, especially through deep changes in Italian social norms and through the development of formal childcare.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-31
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1285041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1285041
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bilge Erten
Author-X-Name-First: Bilge
Author-X-Name-Last: Erten
Author-Name: Nilüfer Çağatay
Author-X-Name-First: Nilüfer
Author-X-Name-Last: Çağatay
Title: Proposal for a Global Fund for Women through Innovative Finance
Abstract: 
 Despite the spread of budget initiatives for gender equality following the Beijing Declaration of 1995, resources allocated for eliminating gender inequalities remain inadequate. This paper proposes to create a Global Fund for Women through Innovative Finance (GFWIF) with the ability to raise funds through innovative sources of finance on a scale more appropriate to the estimated requirements of making reasonable progress toward gender equality (US$31–107 billion per year in constant 2014 dollars). It builds on previous calls by feminist economists for the establishment of such funds through global forms of taxation. Since donors’ commitments only meet the lower bound, the GFWIF could scale up funding for gender equality interventions commensurate with country needs. Global resource mobilization through innovative mechanisms, including allocations of new Special Drawing Rights, currency transaction taxes, and carbon taxes, have the potential to provide the necessary financing at a much faster pace than is currently possible.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 170-200
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1287931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1287931
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cruz Caridad Bueno
Author-X-Name-First: Cruz
Author-X-Name-Last: Caridad Bueno
Author-Name: Errol A. Henderson
Author-X-Name-First: Errol A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson
Title: Bargaining or Backlash? Evidence on Intimate Partner Violence from the Dominican Republic
Abstract: 
 This essay explores the role of economic, political, and social factors in the incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV). It considers the extent to which two prominent theses on the determinants of IPV – (1) the household bargaining model (HBM), and (2) the male backlash model (MBM) – best explain this phenomenon in the case of the Dominican Republic. Drawing on the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), which differentiates between physical and sexual IPV, results from logistic regressions reveal that the HBM better explains physical IPV, while the MBM better predicts sexual IPV. Further, the HBM does better accounting for IPV among wealthier women, while the MBM best explains IPV among poorer women. The findings suggest the need to reconsider broad programs and policies intended to prevent and ameliorate IPV in the Dominican Republic, and to implement targeted initiatives focusing on the economic factors motivating them.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 90-116
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1292360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1292360
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:4:p:90-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Srinivas Raghavendra
Author-X-Name-First: Srinivas
Author-X-Name-Last: Raghavendra
Author-Name: Nata Duvvury
Author-X-Name-First: Nata
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvvury
Author-Name: Sinéad Ashe
Author-X-Name-First: Sinéad
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashe
Title: The Macroeconomic Loss due to Violence Against Women: The Case of Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Violence against women (VAW) is now acknowledged as a global problem with substantial economic costs. However, the current estimates of costs in the literature provide the aggregate loss of income, but not the macroeconomic loss in terms of output and demand insofar as they fail to consider the structural interlinkages of the economy. Focusing on Vietnam, this study proposes an approach based on the social accounting matrix (SAM) to estimate the macroeconomic loss due to violence. Using Vietnam’s 2011 SAM, the study estimates the income and multiplier loss due to VAW. From a policy point of view, the study argues that the macroeconomic loss due to VAW renders a permanent invisible leakage to the circular flow that can potentially destabilize, weaken, or neutralize the positive gains from government expenditure on welfare programs.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 62-89
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1330546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1330546
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Goedele Van den Broeck
Author-X-Name-First: Goedele
Author-X-Name-Last: Van den Broeck
Author-Name: Miet Maertens
Author-X-Name-First: Miet
Author-X-Name-Last: Maertens
Title: Does Off-Farm Wage Employment Make Women in Rural Senegal Happy?
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the impact of wage employment on women’s well-being in the Senegalese horticultural export industry. It uses a subjective well-being approach, based on self-reported happiness, to capture income and non-income aspects of employment. The study uses original survey data from 2013 for the Saint-Louis region in Senegal and an instrumental variable approach, supported by information from focus group discussions. It finds that women’s employment improves subjective well-being for the poorest women, but not for women whose household income is above the poverty threshold. Women’s employment improves women’s happiness through an income effect, as it leads to higher income levels and improved living standards, but the non-income effects reduce women’s happiness. This negative effect is related to a higher workload and low job satisfaction due to unfulfilled expectations. The positive income effect outweighs these negative non-income effects for poor women but not for relatively wealthier women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 250-275
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1338834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1338834
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannah Bargawi
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Bargawi
Author-Name: Giovanni Cozzi
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Cozzi
Title: Engendering Economic Recovery: Modeling Alternatives to Austerity in Europe
Abstract: 
 This article explores a gendered expansionary macroeconomic scenario for Europe as an alternative to current austerity policies over the medium term. Using a non-equilibrium structuralist macroeconomic model, it demonstrates that the dual aim of economic growth and increases in men’s and women’s employment can be achieved by adopting gender-sensitive expansionary macroeconomic policies. Based on historical data series, three scenarios for Europe for the 2015–25 period are compared: continued austerity, a gender-neutral expansionary scenario, and a gendered expansionary scenario. Projections for the gendered expansionary scenario suggest that 7.4 million more jobs could be created for women in the Eurozone and United Kingdom by reversing austerity policies and gendering and increasing government expenditure and private investment. Further, higher growth rates under this scenario lead to significant reductions of debt-to-GDP ratios and lower budget deficits. The study recommends Europe should roll back austerity policies and embark on a new gender-aware economic trajectory.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 225-249
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1344775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1344775
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:4:p:225-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 276-279
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1362160
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2017.1362160
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:4:p:276-279




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanni Razzu
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Razzu
Author-Name: Carl Singleton
Author-X-Name-First: Carl
Author-X-Name-Last: Singleton
Title: Segregation and Gender Gaps in the United Kingdom's Great Recession and Recovery
Abstract: 
 This article assesses the role of segregation in explaining gender employment gaps through the United Kingdom’s Great Recession and its subsequent period of recovery and fiscal austerity. The analysis reaffirms that gender employment gaps in the UK respond to the business cycle, and it evaluates to what extent these short-term changes in the employment gap can be explained by the industry sectors and occupations where women and men work. A counterfactual analysis accounts for the specific role of combined gender segregation across industry sectors and occupations that existed at the onset of the Great Recession. The results contradict the existing narrative that men’s employment was more harshly affected than women’s employment; segregation accounts for over two and a half times the actual fall in the gender gap between 2007 and 2011.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 31-55
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:4:p:31-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Ćorić
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Ćorić
Title: The Glass Ceiling Puzzle, Legal Institutions, and the Shadow Economy
Abstract: 
 Scholarly studies in economics, sociology, psychology, and management emphasize the low number of women in management as one of the main indicators of gender discrimination in the labor market. This study investigates the differences in the percentage of women in senior management across forty-five countries. The results of the regression analysis show that women are more represented in senior management in developing countries than in so-called “liberal Western democracies.” Women also participate more in senior management in countries in which prejudice and discrimination against women are greater. The study presents empirical evidence for two economic explanations for these puzzling results: the weak functioning of the legal system and the large size of the shadow economy.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 56-82
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1456672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1456672
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:4:p:56-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Ravazzini
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Ravazzini
Author-Name: Jenny Chesters
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny
Author-X-Name-Last: Chesters
Title: Inequality and Wealth: Comparing the Gender Wealth Gap in Switzerland and Australia
Abstract: 
 Although the gender gap in incomes has been extensively researched, scant attention has been paid to the gender wealth gap. This paper compares the gender wealth gap in Australia with that of Switzerland. Using data from the 2010 Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) and the 2012 Swiss Household Panel (SHP), this study attributes the gender wealth gap to differences in permanent income and education. Furthermore, the gender wealth gap is much larger in Switzerland than in Australia. The study links this finding to the type of wealth held by individuals in these two countries. Differences in wealth accumulation among women in Switzerland and Australia are likely to be linked to the housing market and to family policies for (single) mothers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 83-107
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1458202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1458202
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ismael Puga
Author-X-Name-First: Ismael
Author-X-Name-Last: Puga
Author-Name: Daniela Soto
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Soto
Title: Social Capital and Women’s Labor Force Participation in Chile
Abstract: 
 Using data from Chile, this study analyzes the relationship between different forms of social capital and women’s labor force participation, accounting for both endogeneity problems and differences among women of different economic strata. First, the results suggest that only some types of social capital are relevant for labor force participation: namely, networks with weaker yet far-reaching connections, including higher-status individuals. There are neither empirical nor theoretical reasons to believe that women have better access to such networks than men. Second, this type of social capital is only relevant for the economic integration of the richest women, failing to increase labor force participation among women of the other 80 percent of households. Thus, this study concludes that policies targeted at women’s economic integration based on the presumption that women have more social capital than men are deeply flawed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 131-158
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1481990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1481990
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joanna Tyrowicz
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Tyrowicz
Author-Name: Lucas van der Velde
Author-X-Name-First: Lucas
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Velde
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren
Title: Does Age Exacerbate the Gender-Wage Gap? New Method and Evidence From Germany, 1984–2014
Abstract: 
 Given theoretical premises, the gender-wage gap adjusted for individual characteristics is likely to vary according to age. This study adapts John DiNardo, Nicole M. Fortin, and Thomas Lemieux's (1996) semi-parametric technique to disentangle year, cohort, and age effects in adjusted gender-wage gaps. The study relies on a long panel of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) covering 1984–2015. The results indicate that, in Germany, the gender-wage gap increases over a birth cohort's lifetime, including in the post-reproductive age for some birth cohorts. The results suggest that age and gender are overlapping handicaps in the labor market and call for a policy intervention.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 108-130
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1503418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1503418
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karin Schönpflug
Author-X-Name-First: Karin
Author-X-Name-Last: Schönpflug
Author-Name: Christine M. Klapeer
Author-X-Name-First: Christine M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Klapeer
Author-Name: Roswitha Hofmann
Author-X-Name-First: Roswitha
Author-X-Name-Last: Hofmann
Author-Name: Sandra Müllbacher
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Müllbacher
Title: If Queers were Counted: An Inquiry into European Socioeconomic Data on LGB(TI)QS
Abstract: 
 This article is engaged with the public availability, provision, and quality of large-scale data on the socioeconomic standing of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer persons (LGB[TI]Qs) in Europe. While large-scale data on LGB(TI)Qs are a potentially powerful foundation for public discourse and policymaking, their use and sufficiency are highly contested among researchers, activists, and statistical bodies. Analyzing data provided by official national and European statistics institutes, this article describes the inclusion of sexual orientation in the data-generation and reporting processes in thirty European countries and discusses how legal and social acknowledgment make LGB(TI)Qs in/visible in socioeconomic statistics. The article therefore examines if and how LGB(TI)Qs are being “counted” and, importantly, what it means “if queers are counted.”
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-30
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1508877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1508877
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siobhan Austen
Author-X-Name-First: Siobhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Austen
Title: Gender and Risk-Taking: Economics, Evidence, and Why the Answer Matters
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 162-166
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1509103
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1509103
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roksana Bahramitash
Author-X-Name-First: Roksana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahramitash
Title: Economic Citizenship: Neoliberal Paradoxes of Empowerment
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 159-162
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1510181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1510181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:24:y:2018:i:4:p:159-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 167-171
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1530853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2018.1530853
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer
Author-X-Name-First: Naila
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer
Title: Women’s Empowerment and Economic Development: A Feminist Critique of Storytelling Practices in “Randomista” Economics
Abstract: 
 The 2019 Nobel Prize in economics was awarded to three scholars on the grounds that their pioneering use of randomized control trials (RCTs) was innovative methodologically and contributed to development policy and the emergence of a new development economics. Using a critical feminist lens, this article challenges that conclusion by interrogating the storytelling practices deployed by “randomista” economists through a critical reading of a widely cited essay by Esther Duflo, one of the 2019 Nobel recipients, on the relationship between women’s empowerment and economic development. The paper argues that the limitations of randomista economics have given rise to a particular way of thinking characterized by piecemeal analysis, ad hoc resort to theory, indifference to history and context, and methodological fundamentalism. It concludes that the randomista argument that broad-based economic development alone – without focused attention to women’s rights – will lead to gender equality has not been borne out by recent data.HIGHLIGHTS
Despite claims of impartiality, Duflo’s interpretations of evidence and the language she uses indicate that the randomista method and narrative is not objective or impartial.The randomistas’ treatment of preferences as random and idiosyncratic ignores what feminists have long espoused: that the formation of preferences derives from entrenched social constructions.The randomistas' claims to methodological superiority result in a discounting or dismissal of findings from nonexperimental studies in favor of experimental studies that report the same findings.Duflo's main argument discussed in this paper is that while gender equality is desirable in its own right, it is better achieved through gender-neutral policies because gender-affirmative policies “distort” the allocative process and lead to efficiency costs.Yet, these so-called distortions stem from historical structures that have curtailed women's productive potential and protected male privilege.In other words, patriarchal discrimination introduces structural costs that are unlikely to be visible when the focus is on individual economic actors.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1743338
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1743338
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino
Title: Engendering Macroeconomic Theory and Policy
Abstract: 
 Over the past two decades, economists have turned their attention to exploring the role of gender in the macroeconomy. This paper reviews the salient findings of that literature. Research shows that gender gaps in education, health, unpaid labor, employment, and wages have economy-wide consequences and influence the rate of growth. The effects are transmitted via both the supply side of the economy – principally through labor productivity – and the demand side – through business spending, exports, saving, and the balance of payments. In turn, a broad array of macro-level policies, including fiscal, monetary, and trade policies have differential effects by gender that, if unheeded, can undermine macro-policy goals. Their impact depends on the structure of the economy and the gender division of labor in paid and unpaid work. This survey makes clear that incorporation of gender into macro models improves the relevance of macroeconomic theory and can yield better policy results.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 27-61
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1609691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1609691
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Borrowman
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Borrowman
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: Drivers of Gendered Sectoral and Occupational Segregation in Developing Countries
Abstract: 
 Occupational and sectoral segregation by gender is remarkably persistent and a major contributor to gender wage gaps. We investigate the determinants of aggregate occupational and sectoral segregation by gender in developing countries using a unique, household-survey-based aggregate cross-country database including sixty-nine countries between 1980 and 2011. Using two aggregate measures of segregation the study shows that occupational and sectoral segregation has increased over time in many countries. It finds that income levels have no impact on occupational or sectoral segregation; trade openness has little impact on sectoral segregation but increases occupational segregation. Rising female labor force participation is associated with falling sectoral but increasing occupational segregation; rising education levels tend to increase rather than decrease segregation. Income inequality is associated with rising segregation. While the overall effects of structural change are small and mostly insignificant, a high share of commerce and services is associated with lower overall segregation.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 62-94
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1649708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1649708
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nitya Rao
Author-X-Name-First: Nitya
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao
Author-Name: S. Raju
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Raju
Title: Gendered Time, Seasonality, and Nutrition: Insights from Two Indian Districts
Abstract: 
 Some of the key pathways linking agriculture and nutrition run through women’s work, yet the evidence on these links are weak. Using time-use data from two Indian districts, this paper seeks to fill this gap. In principle, women’s agricultural work could have positive and negative implications for nutrition, through increased control over incomes or intensifying work burdens. The emerging evidence points to the nuanced ways in which social identity, seasonality, and context mediate women’s work in agriculture and consequently food intakes and feeding practices. Overall, women’s work in agriculture seems to have a negative effect on household nutrition through two pathways: lack of adequate time for care work in peak agricultural seasons, and seasonal energy deficits that adversely affect their own health. Recognition of women’s physical contributions to both agricultural production and domestic reproduction, and supporting them adequately, is central to improving nutritional outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 95-125
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1632470
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1632470
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar
Author-X-Name-First: Pratistha
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Rajkarnikar
Author-Name: Smita Ramnarain
Author-X-Name-First: Smita
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramnarain
Title: Female Headship and Women’s Work in Nepal
Abstract: 
 Literature on household headship has, by and large, tended to homogenize female-headed households (FHHs). This study presents a mixed-methods approach disaggregating the experiences of female-headed households (FHHs) in the post-conflict period in Nepal. One of four households in Nepal is estimated to be headed by a woman, either due to conflict-related male deaths (de jure, or widow heads) or men's out-migration (de facto, or wives of migrants). The study examines similarities and differences in the work responsibilities and labor market participation of de jure and de facto female heads using quantitative data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS) and qualitative data collected through fieldwork in Nepal. While both types of households share some similar concerns, de jure and de facto female heads face different challenges in negotiating their everyday household and labor market roles. Findings inform policy interventions that can be specifically targeted toward each type of household.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 126-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1689282
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1689282
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Heyndels
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Heyndels
Author-Name: Colin R. Kuehnhanss
Author-X-Name-First: Colin R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuehnhanss
Title: Gender Quotas as (Non-)Binding Constraints: the Case of Semi-Open List Formation in Flemish Municipalities
Abstract: 
 In semi-open list systems, parties present pre-selected pools of candidates to the electorate. Candidates’ assigned ranks on the lists heavily influence their election odds and may reflect party leaders’ preferences, notably a possible gender bias. To strengthen women's representation, parties’ choices are increasingly subject to legal quotas. These quotas are expected to be less binding for left-wing parties, which tend to be more women-friendly. Analyzing 854 party lists presented to Flemish voters in the 2012 local elections, this study finds that right-wing party leadership discriminate in favor of women by offering them higher positions on the party lists. For leftist parties, the study finds discrimination in favor of men. Importantly, parties offering higher positions to women tend to do so in parts of the party list certain to lead to either election (left-wing parties) or non-election (right-wing parties). For positions with critical election-odds, no gender bias is identified.HIGHLIGHTS
• Women's representation is a major concern in today's politics.• Gender quotas in elections are meant to ensure women's presence on ballots.• In the 2012 Flemish elections, women candidates were on average positioned higher on party ballots than they would be if positioning were based on anticipated electoral success.• Left-wing parties advantage women in positions with high chances of election. Right-wing parties advance women only in positions with low chances of success.• For positions with critical election odds, rankings across all parties are based on expected electoral success in terms of preferential votes, irrespective of candidate gender.• Assigned ballot positions may reflect underlying gender preferences or power balance within the party leadership. Gender biases may be neutralized more effectively by placement mandates than by general quota rules.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 160-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1685675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1685675
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zeynep B. Uğur
Author-X-Name-First: Zeynep B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Uğur
Title: Unveiled: the Effect of the Headscarf Ban on Women’s Tertiary Education in Turkey
Abstract: 
 The majority of women in Turkey wear headscarves. However, from 1997 to 2013, headscarves were banned in tertiary education institutions, due to the Turkish military’s decision that headscarves are incompatible with secularism. This study examines the impact of wearing headscarves on women’s educational attainment. In particular, it measures the impact of the headscarf ban by using a regression–discontinuity method, based on individual-level data from four countrywide surveys. Within the confines of the econometric analysis and data set used, the author finds statistically significantly lower tertiary educational attainment among headscarved women, but finds no evidence that the ban reduced the tertiary educational attainment of headscarved women. This result may reflect that, since only 3.5 percent of headscarved women born before the ban had some tertiary education, there was not much room for the methodological approach to capture any significant effects of the ban.HIGHLIGHTS
- There exists a large gap in the educational attainment of headscarved women compared to that of non-headscarved women in Turkey, even after controlling for background variables.- This paper finds no evidence that the ban on headscarves at tertiary educational institutions, in effect from 1997 to 2013, reduced the tertiary educational attainment of headscarved women, which was already low.- Educational disadvantage for headscarved women begins after primary school.- Although lifting the headscarf ban was a good first step, eliminating the barriers to women’s education will require a much broader perspective.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 187-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1685119
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1685119
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valentine M. Moghadam
Author-X-Name-First: Valentine M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Moghadam
Title: Women, Work, and Patriarchy in the Middle East and North Africa
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 218-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1671604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1671604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:26:y:2020:i:2:p:218-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clifford Afoakwah
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford
Author-X-Name-Last: Afoakwah
Author-Name: Xin Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Xin
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Author-Name: Ilke Onur
Author-X-Name-First: Ilke
Author-X-Name-Last: Onur
Title: Women’s Bargaining Power and Children’s Schooling Outcomes: Evidence From Ghana
Abstract: 
 This study uses data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey to examine the link between women’s bargaining power and children’s schooling outcomes. It employs a principal component analysis to generate an index measuring women’s bargaining power based on a couples’ education gap and age gap when their child reaches age 6. It then uses women’s age at first marriage as an instrument to identify women’s bargaining power. The results show that women’s bargaining power holds no significant association with late school enrollment. However, it has a negative and significant association with the probability and intensity of grade repetition (the number of times the same grade is repeated), especially for firstborn children. Girls tend to benefit more from the mother’s bargaining power compared to boys. The study further shows that women’s bargaining power is linked with school enrollment and attainment, which confirms previous findings in the literature.Highlights
• Slow school progression caused by late enrollment and grade repetition is a problem worldwide, especially in developing countries.• This study examines the impact of women's intrahousehold bargaining power on children's schooling outcomes in Ghana.• Increased women's bargaining power has no effect on the timing of school enrollment but reduces the chances of grade repetition and how many times the same grade is repeated.• Girls benefit more from their mothers' bargaining power compared to boys.• Women's bargaining power has a larger impact on the education of firstborn children than on subsequent children.• Policies aimed at empowering women will improve children's schooling outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-29
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1707847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1707847
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Broadway
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Broadway
Author-Name: Guyonne Kalb
Author-X-Name-First: Guyonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalb
Author-Name: Duncan McVicar
Author-X-Name-First: Duncan
Author-X-Name-Last: McVicar
Author-Name: Bill Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Bill
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Title: The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Labor Supply and Employment Outcomes in Australia
Abstract: 
 The introduction of the Australian Paid Parental Leave scheme in 2011 provides a rare opportunity to estimate the impacts of publicly funded paid leave on mothers in the first year postpartum. The almost universal coverage of the scheme, coupled with detailed survey data collected specifically for the scheme’s evaluation, means that eligibility for paid leave under the scheme can be plausibly taken as exogenous, following a standard propensity score-matching exercise. Consistent with much of the existing literature, the study finds a positive impact on mothers’ taking leave in the first half year and on mothers’ probability of returning to work in the first year. The paper provides new evidence of a positive impact on continuing in the same job under the same conditions, where previous conclusions have been mixed. Further, it shows that disadvantaged mothers – low income, less educated, without access to employer-funded leave – respond most.HIGHLIGHTS
Studying the effects of introducing paid parental leave (PPL) in an advanced industrial country is important for the US, which is considering PPL.PPL was introduced in Australia in 201 l. Previously only 57 percent of 20–45-year-old women had access to paid parental leave provided by employers.Post-PPL, mothers initially return to work from leave more slowly than before, but after about six months of leave they return to work at a faster rate than pre-PPL.Post-PPL, the probability of returning to work within a year is higher than pre-PPL.PPL helps mothers balance paid work and family life and improves workplace attachment. Both effects are, on average, stronger among more disadvantaged groups.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 30-65
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. K. Sarter
Author-X-Name-First: E. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarter
Title: The Development and Implementation of Gender Equality Considerations in Public Procurement in Germany
Abstract: 
 Public procurement is an important part of states’ activities and a major market. As the potential of public purchasing to foster gender equality has increasingly come into focus, regulatory policies in a number of countries increasingly draw the link between public procurement and equality. Analyzing the development of regulatory policies relating to gender equality and public procurement in Germany between 1990 and 2016, this article highlights the growing prevalence of such linkages in regulatory policies. This article then analyzes the implementation of equality considerations in public procurement in the specific case of a local council in Germany. The findings highlight the importance not only of the existence of legal regulations but also of their design and suggest that in the case of voluntary regulations, structural incentives may encourage public bodies not to use the existing scope for equality considerations, particularly if they encounter an unfavorable environment.HIGHLIGHTS
The EU and member states, including Germany, increasingly aim to use public procurement as a lever to promote (gender) equality.However, the literature suggests low prevalence of equality considerations in public-procurement practicesAn analysis of gender-equality sensitive procurement in Germany finds the design of legal regulations is as important as their existence.Policymakers should create administrative incentive systems to promote the successful implementation of equality considerations in public procurement.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 66-89
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1718731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718731
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:26:y:2020:i:3:p:66-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanol Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Hanol
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Dainn Wie
Author-X-Name-First: Dainn
Author-X-Name-Last: Wie
Title: Legal Entitlement And Empowerment Of Marriage Immigrants In Korea
Abstract: 
 The share of marriages between South Korean men and immigrant women from other Asian countries has increased sharply since 1990, representing approximately 8 percent of all new marriages in Korea in 2009. This study employs 2009 census data on these women to investigate the impact of the acquisition of Korean nationality on their empowerment in their households and community. It employs a fuzzy regression kink design that exploits two-year conditional residence as an instrumental variable for nationality acquisition. Results show that marriage immigrants’ legal entitlement lowers the likelihood that they live with their mother-in-law. Reported difficulties in their relationships with their parents-in-law also improve. Having stable legal status lowers their experience of discrimination in general. However, the findings do not reveal that legal entitlement increases their access to household resources, increases their probability of separating from their Korean spouse, or encourages them to raise their political voices in the community.HIGHLIGHTS
“Marriage immigrants,” women who migrate from developing countries in Asia to marry Korean men, have low levels of empowerment in their households and face discrimination in their communities.Nationality acquisition improves marriage immigrants' statuses in some ways but is not related to improved household-bargaining positions.Marriage immigrants with vulnerable legal statuses should be provided with supplementary legal and educational support for their assimilation into society.Empowering marriage immigrants is vital to the developmental outcomes of the second generation, especially in terms of health and education.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 90-118
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1718174
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718174
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:26:y:2020:i:3:p:90-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dina Najjar
Author-X-Name-First: Dina
Author-X-Name-Last: Najjar
Author-Name: Bipasha Baruah
Author-X-Name-First: Bipasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Baruah
Author-Name: Aman El Garhi
Author-X-Name-First: Aman
Author-X-Name-Last: El Garhi
Title: Gender and Asset Ownership in the Old and New Lands of Egypt
Abstract: 
 The Middle East and North Africa region has the lowest level of women’s land ownership in the world, yet little research has explored the barriers and opportunities women face in land ownership in the region. This paper identifies patterns, opportunities, and constraints of ownership of land and other assets (houses, livestock, poultry, and gold) by women and men in the Old and New Lands of Egypt. Based on a survey complemented with qualitative interviews, the study finds that both women and men viewed land and houses as the most economically and socially important assets, but they differed in what assets they considered to be valuable for women. The findings highlight the importance of implementing policies that optimize women’s property ownership, even if they own non-land assets. The study concludes that while legal and economic interventions aid in accomplishing gender-equity goals, consciousness-raising initiatives are as crucial as pro-women policy reforms.HIGHLIGHTS
Women are disadvantaged in land ownership in the New and Old Lands in Egypt, though not to the extent the literature has assumed for the MENA region.Patterns of asset ownership and control are similar to other regions: men own and control more land and housing; women own and sometimes control (liquefiable) livestock and goldMen underestimate women’s preferences for owning immovable property (land and housing) even in the New Lands, where 20 percent of land titles are distributed to women.Women who acquire land remained hesitant or unwilling to enable their daughters to inherit land at par with their sons.While pro-women policy reforms should be implemented, consciousness-raising initiatives are equally crucial.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 119-143
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1743877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1743877
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl Doss
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss
Author-Name: Caitlin Kieran
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kieran
Author-Name: Talip Kilic
Author-X-Name-First: Talip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kilic
Title: Measuring Ownership, Control, and Use of Assets
Abstract: 
 Assets generate and help diversify income, alleviate liquidity constraints, and are key inputs into empowerment. Despite the importance of individual-level data on asset ownership, and the fact that most assets are owned by individuals, either solely or jointly, researchers typically collect micro data on asset ownership at the household level. Through a review of the existing approaches to data collection and the relevant literature on survey methodology, this study presents an overview of the current best practices for collecting individual-level data on the ownership and control of assets in household and farm surveys in low- and middle-income countries. The paper provides recommendations in three areas: (1) respondent selection, (2) definition and measurement of access to and ownership and control of assets, and (3) measurement of quantity, value, and quality of assets. It identifies open methodological questions that can be answered through further research.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 144-168
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1681591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1681591
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greg Seymour
Author-X-Name-First: Greg
Author-X-Name-Last: Seymour
Author-Name: Hazel Malapit
Author-X-Name-First: Hazel
Author-X-Name-Last: Malapit
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing
Title: Measuring Time Use in Developing Country Agriculture: Evidence from Bangladesh and Uganda
Abstract: 
 This paper discusses the challenges associated with implementing time-use surveys among agricultural households in developing countries and offers advice on best practices for two common measurement methods: stylized questions and time diaries. Using data from Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) surveys in Bangladesh and Uganda, it finds that stylized questions do not always produce shorter interviews compared to time diaries, and recall accuracy may depend on the regularity and saliency of the activity and enumerator abilities. The paper suggests that combining promising methodological innovations from other disciplines with mainstream time-use data collection methods would allow capture of both the quantity and quality of time and provide richer insights into gendered time-use patterns. Broadening the scope of time-use research to other aspects of well-being can help identify how time constraints contribute to gender inequality and inform the design of policies and interventions to relieve those constraints.HIGHLIGHTS
Time-use surveys are essential for addressing gender disparities, yet little research has compared time-use survey methods in developing countries.Developing country agricultural contexts present unique logistical challenges to time-data collection, including low literacy and unfamiliarity with clock-oriented time.In Bangladesh and Uganda, there are systematic differences between time-use estimates obtained using stylized questions and time diaries.Men and women experience different emotions toward different types of work, and gender gaps exist in the distribution of pleasant and unpleasant activities.Learning from non-economics disciplines, including research on quality of time, leads to richer insights into gendered time-use patterns.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 169-199
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1749867
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1749867
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aletheia Donald
Author-X-Name-First: Aletheia
Author-X-Name-Last: Donald
Author-Name: Gayatri Koolwal
Author-X-Name-First: Gayatri
Author-X-Name-Last: Koolwal
Author-Name: Jeannie Annan
Author-X-Name-First: Jeannie
Author-X-Name-Last: Annan
Author-Name: Kathryn Falb
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Falb
Author-Name: Markus Goldstein
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldstein
Title: Measuring Women’s Agency
Abstract: 
 Improving women’s agency, namely their ability to define goals and act on them, is crucial for advancing gender equality and the empowerment of women. Yet, existing frameworks for measuring women’s agency – both disorganized and partial – provide a fragmented understanding of the constraints women face in exercising their agency, thus restricting the design of reliable and valid interventions and evaluation of their impact. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary framework for capturing individual agency, containing three critical dimensions: goal setting, perceived control and ability to initiate action toward goals (“sense of agency”), and acting on goals. For each dimension, the paper reviews existing measurement approaches and what is known about their relative quality. The study concludes by highlighting that future research to improve the measurement of women’s agency should prioritize incorporating different contexts, age groups, and decision-making areas to ensure programming and policies are meaningful to the lives of women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 200-226
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1683757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2019.1683757
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre
Title: The Journey of a Southern Feminist; Close Encounters of Another Kind: Women and Development Economics
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 227-229
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1755714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1755714
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennie Dey de Pryck
Author-X-Name-First: Jennie
Author-X-Name-Last: Dey de Pryck
Title: Gender Challenges: A Three-Volume Compendium of Selected Papers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 229-236
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1778762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1778762
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivek Pandey
Author-X-Name-First: Vivek
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey
Author-Name: Shyam Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Shyam
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Jeemol Unni
Author-X-Name-First: Jeemol
Author-X-Name-Last: Unni
Title: Markets and Spillover Effects of Political Institutions in Promoting Women’s Empowerment: Evidence From India
Abstract: 
 This study presents fresh evidence that market interventions aimed at empowering women are more effective in the presence of formal political institutions, using the case of political reservations for women in Indian local governments. It uses data from 2,423 households in 100 Indian villages and accounts for endogeneity through the instrumental variable method to investigate women engaged in the Indian dairy sector following the implementation of India’s National Dairy Plan, which seeks to connect women with formal retail markets. Results suggest that while markets provide “passive” forms of agency to women, political representation can transition this to “active” forms of agency, allowing women to exhibit purposeful behavior. However, spillover effects of reservations (quotas) do not contribute significantly to women’s intrahousehold agency since they continue to depend on male counterparts for routine and intermittent decisions. Additionally, in community matters, the cumulative effect of reservations is more pronounced than standalone market impacts.HIGHLIGHTS
Development interventions aimed at connecting women with labor markets have limited, short-term impacts on women’s agency because the ability of women to influence household decisions often depends on their social backgrounds.While the link between economic empowerment and development is weak, changes in social structures can promote women’s greater participation in decision making.Provisions in India’s 73rd Constitutional Amendment that propose political quotas for women in Indian local governments have helped loosen patriarchal social structures.Funding agencies and development organizations can generate larger and long-term empowerment outcomes for women by mounting market interventions in combination with more gender-inclusive formal political institutions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-30
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1752394
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1752394
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacqueline Strenio
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline
Author-X-Name-Last: Strenio
Title: Time Heals all Wounds? a Capabilities Approach for Analyzing Intimate Partner Violence
Abstract: 
 The capabilities approach has redefined what constitutes economic well-being and is now used globally to track progress in human development. Yet, its application in examining violence against women has been limited to identification of impacts on universal capabilities and protective or risk factors for violence. This study examines the long-term consequences of intimate partner violence as capability deprivations. This framework allows for a more complete articulation of the costs faced by survivors. Additionally, this approach allows for consideration of the temporal dimension of capability deprivations associated with intimate partner violence. Such deprivations are cyclical, in the translation of resources into capabilities and into functionings, and linear, over the lifespan. Ultimately, the capabilities approach can help evaluate policies that disproportionately impact survivors over time. Two examples from the United States are included.HIGHLIGHTS
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is both a serious, direct deprivation of bodily integrity and a cause and consequence of deprivations across other capabilities.Compared to static frameworks, the capabilities approach allows for better recognition of the long-run costs of IPV.Organizations working with survivors should move away from resource-based perspectives and toward using the capabilities approach to identify and remove barriers survivors face in translating resources to capabilities to functionings.Examining the US-based Purple Paw Program for pet fostering and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reveals how conceptualizing IPV in terms of capabilities can aid in targeting policies toward supporting survivors.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 31-55
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1756375
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1756375
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nkechi S. Owoo
Author-X-Name-First: Nkechi S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Owoo
Title: Occupational Prestige and Women’s Experience of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria
Abstract: 
 One-in-four women in Nigeria has experienced some type of spousal violence in her life. The present study uses relative occupational positions of women as a proxy for bargaining power and examines it as a potential risk (or protective) factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria, a perspective unexplored by the existing literature. Using the nationally representative 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey NDHS and a multinomial logit regression model, the study examines the association between occupations and IPV. It finds that women in less prestigious occupations have greater odds for experiencing violence. Additionally, women have greater odds of abuse if partners are engaged in more prestigious occupations. The paper extends the analysis by assessing the association between relative spousal occupational prestige and IPV. Findings indicate that women in similar and more prestigious occupations than their male partners have greater odds of experiencing violence. Policy recommendations follow from the results.HIGHLIGHTS
Status inconsistencies and women’s resource possession provoke intimate partner violence.Any move toward status equality is a risk factor for women’s experience of abuse.Policies that promote counseling for women working in less prestigious occupations may provide a support system.An increase in legislation that criminalizes domestic violence in Nigeria is needed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 56-88
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1820064
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1820064
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neetu A. John
Author-X-Name-First: Neetu A.
Author-X-Name-Last: John
Title: Exploring the Linkages Between Women’s Paid and Unpaid Work and Their Experiences of Intimate Partner and Non-Partner Violence in Nepal
Abstract: 
 Economic bargaining models contend that women’s paid work reduces violence experienced due to increased bargaining power, while male backlash models argue that violence is likely to increase as the traditional male breadwinner role is threatened. The empirical linkages between women working for pay and experiencing men’s violence are also mixed. This study examines the association between women’s paid work participation and their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner violence (NPV). It uses multivariate probit regressions to analyze survey data from 937 randomly selected women members of cooperative societies spanning the seven districts of Nepal. The paper hypothesizes that in a traditional setting like Nepal, working women are more likely to experience increased violence as they transgress traditional gender roles. Results suggest that employed women experience both IPV and NPV. Investments in longitudinal studies are needed to understand the point at which economic empowerment yields reversals in violence experienced.HIGHLIGHTS
Women’s work statuses influence their experiences of different forms of men’s violence in Nepal.Women’s paid work participation is not necessarily protective against violence by increasing their bargaining power.Women’s employment may increase exposure to violence because of underlying gender hierarchies.Longitudinal research is needed to understand when economic empowerment may avert violence.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 89-113
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1828601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1828601
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saizi Xiao
Author-X-Name-First: Saizi
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao
Author-Name: M. Niaz Asadullah
Author-X-Name-First: M. Niaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah
Title: Social Norms and Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation in China
Abstract: 
 Since China’s transition to a socialist market system, women’s labor force participation has declined sharply. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010, the authors re-examine China’s gender gap in labor force participation with a focus on social norms. Probit model estimates of the gender gap in labor force participation probability confirm the contribution of conventional factors such as health and other human capital as important explanations for the resurgent gender gap in China. However, even after extensive controls for human-capital differences, the gap remains mostly unexplained in the data. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis confirms that the gender gap in labor force participation is predominantly explained by behavioral differences between women and men. Gender-related community social norms account for 41.4 percent of the unexplained gap. The study results are robust to alternative measures of social norms and additional controls for community characteristics.HIGHLIGHTS
Recent studies have examined why women’s labor force participation has declined sharply in post–economic reform China, but research on the effects of social norms has been limited.The gender gap in participation remains mostly unexplained by differences in human capital between women and men.Social norms account for almost half of the unexplained portion of the gender gap in labor force participation.Along with expanding women’s access to education and improving their health, policies should promote favorable attitudes toward women’s employment, particularly during times of economic crisis.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-148
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1758337
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1758337
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramya Vijaya
Author-X-Name-First: Ramya
Author-X-Name-Last: Vijaya
Title: Comparing Labor Market Trajectories of Refugee Women to Other Immigrant and Native-Born Women in the United States
Abstract: 
 Even as the world has witnessed an unprecedented number of displaced individuals, resettlement of refugees has been met with fears about their ability to integrate into host economies. Such fears are compounded by the limited information on the long-term economic outcomes of resettlement. This study uses American Community Survey data to explore the labor market integration of refugee women resettled in the United States over the period 2002–16. It finds that, over time, refugee women tend to surpass the labor force participation (LFP) rates of native-born and other immigrant women in the US even after controlling for individual characteristics like level of education, English proficiency, and home country LFP. This indicates that refugee women are able to adapt and make positive contributions to the host labor market and strengthens the case for expanded refugee-resettlement programs in developed economies.HIGHLIGHTS
The charged political debate in many developed economies about integrating refugees into economic and cultural life is often based on unfounded stereotypes.Gendered labor market outcomes of resettled groups are important to investigate since these outcomes have influenced other immigrant groups’ assimilation experiences.Though resettled refugee women in the US start with lower labor force participation rates than other groups, they outpace other immigrant and native-born women over time.Refugee women’s labor force participation rates are not influenced by their home country participation rates.Refugee women, therefore, seem quick to adapt to host country labor markets. However, their wages remain lower indicating structural inequality rather than lack of assimilation.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 149-177
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1759815
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1759815
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kelvin Mulungu
Author-X-Name-First: Kelvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulungu
Author-Name: Netsayi Noris Mudege
Author-X-Name-First: Netsayi Noris
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudege
Title: Effect of Group and Leader Attributes on Men and Women Farmers’ Participation in Group Activities in Zambia
Abstract: 
 Since development agencies often implement interventions through collective-action groups such as farmer cooperatives and self-help groups, there is a need to understand how participation is affected by group-level and leader attributes. This study collected gender-disaggregated, quantitative and qualitative data on sixty-eight self-help groups in Zambia to understand the participation of men and women farmers in different crop-production activities. Results show that participation rates of men and women are the same across all maize production activities except harvesting. The gender composition of members influenced men’s and women’s participation in group activities: when men were fewer in a group, they (men) participated more, while when more women were in a group (above 53 percent), the women participated less. Leader’s education level, knowledge of group agenda, and frequency of meetings also affected participation rates. To design collective action groups that promote gender equity outcomes, gender composition of groups should be considered.HIGHLIGHTS
Agricultural collective-action groups assembled by development organizations attempt to bolster women’s participation and leadership within the group and the community.These empowerment groups may inadvertently reproduce traditional gender labor roles, particularly when membership increases women’s workload.Attention to group dynamics demonstrates that minority group members – who are usually men – work harder and overperform due to their increased visibility within the group. Thus, increasing women’s numbers in groups has not aided the goal of increasing their participation.Policymakers should consider the gender composition of the group, labor roles, time commitment of participation, and leader attributes when forming collective-action groups in order to achieve gender-equity outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 178-204
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1791926
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1791926
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dörte Heger
Author-X-Name-First: Dörte
Author-X-Name-Last: Heger
Author-Name: Thorben Korfhage
Author-X-Name-First: Thorben
Author-X-Name-Last: Korfhage
Title: Short- and Medium-Term Effects of Informal Eldercare on Labor Market Outcomes
Abstract: 
 Informal caregivers, often family members, provide valuable services to elderly persons with long-term care needs. However, the time commitment of caregiving often competes against time spent in the labor force. In addition to the momentary trade-off, long-term consequences are possible since older workers in particular might find it difficult to reenter the labor market after a period of caregiving. While several studies document a negative relationship between caregiving and paid work, little is known about whether this effect persists over time. Analyzing a large panel data set of fifteen European countries and Israel, this study shows that care provision for an elderly parent has negative effects on employment rates and paid working hours for both men and women. While men are more likely to drop out of the labor force, especially in response to continuous caregiving, women, on average, also reduce their paid working hours.HIGHLIGHTS
Adults who provide informal unpaid care for aging parents may struggle to maintain full-time paid employment.In aging societies the problem will become acute, as mature workers who leave paid jobs for caregiving risk future financial challenges.Short-term caregiving reduces both men’s and women’s probabilities of paid employment; longer-term caregiving has labor market outcomes that reflect traditional gender roles.Policymakers could reduce financial risks for informal caregivers by encouraging work flexibility, instituting paid leaves, and facilitating return to full-time paid work after stints of part-time employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 205-227
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1786594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1786594
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asif M. Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Asif M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Author-Name: Isis Gaddis
Author-X-Name-First: Isis
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaddis
Author-Name: Amparo Palacios López
Author-X-Name-First: Amparo
Author-X-Name-Last: Palacios López
Author-Name: Mohammad Amin
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Amin
Title: The Labor Productivity Gap between Formal Businesses Run by Women and Men
Abstract: 
 This study analyzes gender differences in labor productivity in the formal private sector, using data from 126 mostly developing economies. The results reveal a sizable unconditional gap, with labor productivity being approximately 11 percent lower among women- than men-managed firms. The analyses are based on women’s management, which is more strongly associated with labor productivity than women’s participation in ownership, which has been the focus of most previous studies. Decomposition techniques reveal several factors that contribute to lower labor productivity of women-managed firms relative to firms managed by men: Fewer women-managed firms protect themselves from crime and power outages, have their own websites, and are (co-)owned by foreigners. In addition, in the manufacturing sector, women-managed firms are less capitalized and have lower labor costs than firms managed by men.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 228-258
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1797139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1797139
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 259-262
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1824288
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1824288
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer
Author-X-Name-First: Naila
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer
Author-Name: Shahra Razavi
Author-X-Name-First: Shahra
Author-X-Name-Last: Razavi
Author-Name: Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Author-X-Name-First: Yana
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Meulen Rodgers
Title: Feminist Economic Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract: 
 This article provides a contextual framework for understanding the gendered dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic and its health, social, and economic outcomes. The pandemic has generated massive losses in lives, impacted people’s health, disrupted markets and livelihoods, and created profound reverberations in the home. In 112 countries that reported sex-disaggregated data on COVID-19 cases, men showed an overall higher infection rate than women, and an even higher mortality rate. However, women’s relatively high representation in sectors hardest hit by lockdown orders has translated into larger declines in employment for women than men in numerous countries. Evidence also indicates that stay-at-home orders have increased unpaid care workloads, which have fallen disproportionately to women. Further, domestic violence has increased in frequency and severity across countries. The article concludes that policy response strategies to the crisis by women leaders have contributed to more favorable outcomes compared to outcomes in countries led by men.HIGHLIGHTS
Women from lowest-income households and marginalized groups bore the brunt of the COVID-19 crisis.Globally, more women than men are employed in sectors hardest hit by the pandemic.Essential and frontline workers at higher risk of exposure are predominantly women.Migrant workers are especially vulnerable to job loss, benefit exclusions, and travel bans.Countries with women leaders had more favorable outcomes during the pandemic.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-29
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1876906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876906
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonia Akter
Author-X-Name-First: Sonia
Author-X-Name-Last: Akter
Title: The Gender Gap in COVID-19 Mortality in the United States
Abstract: 
 This study examines population-weighted, sex- and age-disaggregated official COVID-19 mortality data (as of July 25, 2020) from the United States to understand gender gaps (men–women) across age. The analysis yields three key findings: (1) all age groups report about 8 percentage points more deaths among men than women; (2) non-elderly adults (<65 years) have a larger gender gap in reported mortality than elderly (≥65 years) adults; and (3) the gender gap in reported mortality varies across states, with thirteen states reporting more deaths among women than men. Women’s lack of access to healthcare and a state’s healthcare capacity have a significant correlation with the gender gap in reported mortality for both non-elderly and elderly adults. The findings underscore the possible presence of an underreporting bias against women in the officially reported COVID-19 death tolls in the US.HIGHLIGHTS
The COVID-19 gender mortality gap in the US is similar to that of other developed nations.While men are more likely than women to die from COVID-19 infections, the reverse is true in thirteen states.The gap is high in states with low hospital capacity and women’s low healthcare access.COVID-19 fatalities among women are more likely to be underreported than those among men.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 30-47
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1829673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1829673
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piotr Lewandowski
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewandowski
Author-Name: Katarzyna Lipowska
Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipowska
Author-Name: Iga Magda
Author-X-Name-First: Iga
Author-X-Name-Last: Magda
Title: The Gender Dimension of Occupational Exposure to Contagion in Europe
Abstract: 
 This study examines the gender dimension of occupational exposure to contagious diseases spread by the respiratory or close-contact route. It shows that in Europe, women are more exposed to contagion, as they are more likely than men to work in occupations that require high levels of contact and physical proximity at work. Women are also less likely to be able to work remotely, which contributes to their increased exposure. The study finds that gender is a more important factor in workers’ exposure to contagion than their education or age. This gender difference in exposure can be largely attributed to patterns of sectoral segregation and to the segregation of women within sectors into occupations that require more interpersonal interactions. Finally, results reveal heterogenous cross-country patterns in gender gaps in exposure to contagion in the workplace, with Nordic, Continental, and Baltic countries showing relatively large gender gaps to the disadvantage of women.HIGHLIGHTS
In Europe, gender is more important than education or age in determining workers’ levels of exposure to contagion.Women are more exposed to contagion in the workplace than men.Jobs performed by women require more contact and physical proximity at work than jobs performed by men.The gender gap in exposure can be largely attributed to patterns of sectoral segregation.The gender differences are particularly large in the Nordic, Continental, and Baltic countries.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 48-65
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1880016
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1880016
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giscard Assoumou Ella
Author-X-Name-First: Giscard
Author-X-Name-Last: Assoumou Ella
Title: Gender, Mobility, and Covid-19: The Case of Belgium
Abstract: 
 Studies have shown that women are disadvantaged when facing infectious disease outbreaks. This study uses descriptive data analysis, causality, and VAR modeling to verify this hypothesis in the case of COVID-19 in Belgium in relation to people’s mobility. The results confirm this women’s disadvantage hypothesis, in particular among the working-age population in Belgium. This disadvantage is explained by women’s greater mobility during the pandemic. Despite the restrictions on nonessential travel imposed by Belgian authorities, women use public transportation more often than men to travel for work and family reasons and are thus more likely to be exposed to the virus. Therefore, it is necessary that the health, economic, and social response provided by the Belgian authorities correct this inequality.HIGHLIGHTS
Belgium has a larger share of women with confirmed COVID-19 cases than most countries.Women are a large proportion of the country’s essential and frontline workers.Women’s use of public transportation during lockdown to fulfill responsibilities increased their exposure to the virus.The measures to combat COVID-19 in Belgium must correct the inequalities caused by the pandemic to women’s detriment.Belgian women should join the health, economic, and social response against the pandemic to prevent future health crises.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 66-80
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1832240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1832240
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dana Bazarkulova
Author-X-Name-First: Dana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bazarkulova
Author-Name: Janice Compton
Author-X-Name-First: Janice
Author-X-Name-Last: Compton
Title: Gender Differences in Self-Reported Stress and Health Behaviors of Doctors in Kazakhstan During COVID-19
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the effect of COVID-19 on self-reported stress and anxiety and on adverse health behaviors of doctors in Kazakhstan, focusing on gender and family. Addressing the mental health of doctors is vital for both the short- and long-term health of doctors, patients, and the healthcare industry. Comparing survey responses from 2018 to 2020, results find marriage to have a protective effect on men doctors. Unmarried men are more likely to experience stress, anxiety, and engage in poor eating habits during COVID-19 compared to married men. Conversely, unmarried women doctors are less likely to experience stress and anxiety during COVID-19 compared to married women with children; while marriage reduces the likelihood of women doctors engaging in poor eating habits during the pandemic, it increases their likelihood of smoking. The results suggest that policies to enhance the well-being of doctors during the pandemic should consider both occupational and household stresses.HIGHLIGHTSPandemic-related stress levels of doctors in Kazakhstan differ by gender and family structure.Marriage and children have a protective effect on the mental health of men doctors.Married women doctors with children report greater stress, highlighting the burdens of professional mothers.Addressing mental health concerns requires consideration of occupational and household stresses.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 81-102
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1853789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1853789
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michelle Holder
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Holder
Author-Name: Janelle Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Janelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Thomas Masterson
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Masterson
Title: The Early Impact of Covid-19 on Job Losses among Black Women in the United States
Abstract: 
 Given that a high proportion of workers in “essential” sectors of the US economy are Black women, this paper seeks to answer the following: in which occupations did Black women in the US experience the greatest job losses during the early phase of the pandemic? Drawing on feminist economic and stratification economic theories, this quantitative analysis suggests that the greatest losses were cashier jobs in the hotel and restaurant industry, and childcare worker positions in the healthcare and social services industry. These two occupations are low wage, dominated by women, and considered essential. This study posits that Black women disproportionately lost these jobs for three reasons: (1) Black women’s strong attachment to the US workforce; (2) Black women’s overrepresentation in the hotel/restaurant and healthcare/social services industries; and (3) women’s overrepresentation in low-wage occupations. The study offers policy solutions that could help sustain the Black community during the pandemic-inspired economic downturn.HIGHLIGHTS
Black women face occupational segregation that is specific to both their gender and their race.Black women’s employment is more narrowly concentrated by industry than any other demographic group.Job losses due to COVID-19 especially hit industries in which Black women are concentrated.Black women lost the most jobs in the cashier occupation.Any pandemic-recovery policy agenda must include full employment for Black women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 103-116
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1849766
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1849766
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Papa A. Seck
Author-X-Name-First: Papa A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Seck
Author-Name: Jessamyn O. Encarnacion
Author-X-Name-First: Jessamyn O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Encarnacion
Author-Name: Cecilia Tinonin
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Tinonin
Author-Name: Sara Duerto-Valero
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Duerto-Valero
Title: Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 in Asia and the Pacific: Early Evidence on Deepening Socioeconomic Inequalities in Paid and Unpaid Work
Abstract: 
 Using data from Rapid Gender Assessment Surveys investigating the socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19 on women’s and men’s lives, this study assesses whether the pandemic threatens fragile gains on gender equality in paid and unpaid work. Evidence from eleven countries in Asia-Pacific indicates that the impact of the pandemic goes far beyond health consequences. With children out of school, intensified care needs of elderly and ill family members, and labor markets in turmoil, demands for unpaid domestic and care work have increased substantially. Results show that women are disproportionately shouldering the burden of unpaid care and domestic work triggered by the lockdowns, and they are losing their livelihoods faster than men. Worsening mental health also emerges as a critical area affecting women disproportionately. These findings inform emergency responses for a gender-sensitive recovery, and underscore the need to take radical, positive actions to redress long-standing inequalities in multiple areas of women’s lives.HIGHLIGHTSUN Women’s Rapid Gender Assessments (RGAs) gave early insights into COVID-19 impacts.Asia-Pacific RGAs show that the crisis had dramatic socioeconomic impacts on women.Women are more likely to experience loss in paid work hours than men.Women and men are doing more unpaid domestic and care work, but women take on the larger share.The emotional and mental health impact of the pandemic is disproportionately falling on women.More gender-responsive surveys and quality administrative sources are needed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 117-132
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1876905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876905
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sunyu Ham
Author-X-Name-First: Sunyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Ham
Title: Explaining Gender Gaps in the South Korean Labor Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract: 
 This study explores the reasons for the gender gaps in the South Korean labor market during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that 5.5 percent of women are on leave of absence, more than double the percentage of men (2.5 percent). Women have also experienced more unemployment than men. Using a decomposition method, this study finds that one-fifth of the gender difference in leaves of absence is explained by women’s concentration in the care and hospitality industries, which have been disproportionally affected by the pandemic. Moreover, women’s uneven distribution in part-time jobs also contributes to explaining 16.8 percent of the total gender gap. However, 60.8 percent of gender differences in leaves of absence were unexplained by existing arguments, such as occupational or industrial gender segregation and women’s precarious job status. This study shows that this unexplained difference could be caused by the gendered caring role imposed on women.HIGHLIGHTS
The COVID-19 pandemic reproduced existing gender inequalities in the labor market in South Korea.Women workers experienced more unemployment and leaves of absence than men workers.Married women workers experienced more adverse outcomes than unmarried women workers.However, married men workers experienced fewer of these outcomes than unmarried men workers.Women’s concentration in paid and unpaid care duties were the major explanation for gender gaps.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 133-151
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1876902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876902
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonalde Desai
Author-X-Name-First: Sonalde
Author-X-Name-Last: Desai
Author-Name: Neerad Deshmukh
Author-X-Name-First: Neerad
Author-X-Name-Last: Deshmukh
Author-Name: Santanu Pramanik
Author-X-Name-First: Santanu
Author-X-Name-Last: Pramanik
Title: Precarity in a Time of Uncertainty: Gendered Employment Patterns during the Covid-19 Lockdown in India
Abstract: 
 India implemented one of the world’s most stringent lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 crisis. This study examines whether the impacts of the lockdown on employment differed by gender in areas surrounding Delhi. An ongoing monthly employment survey between March 2019 and May 2020 allows for comparison before and after lockdown. Estimates based on random-effects logistic regression models show that for men, the predicted probability of employment declined from 0.88 to 0.57, while for women it fell from 0.34 to 0.22. Women’s concentration in self-employment may be one reason why their employment was somewhat protected. However, when looking only at wage workers, the study finds that women experienced greater job losses than men with predicted probability of employment declining by 72 percent for women compared to 40 percent for men. The findings highlight the gendered impacts of macro crises and inform policy considerations through ongoing phases of lockdowns and relaxation.HIGHLIGHTSOngoing survey data reveals gendered changes in employment before and during India’s pandemic lockdown.Results show substantial decline in employment for men and women during the lockdown period.Absolute decline in employment was larger for men than for women.However, broad comparisons mask gender differences in impact on different industries and occupations.Comparing only wage workers, employment decline was far greater for women than for men.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 152-172
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1876903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876903
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre
Author-Name: Leila Gautham
Author-X-Name-First: Leila
Author-X-Name-Last: Gautham
Author-Name: Kristin Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Essential Workers and Care Penalties in the United States
Abstract: 
 The new category of workers officially labeled “essential” in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States includes a large percentage of women working in care services. In many of these services, health risks are often considered part of the job and are uncompensated by hazard pay. Building on previous feminist research explaining the devaluation of care work, this paper uses the most recent available data from the US Current Population Survey to show that workers in essential care service jobs – especially women – earn less than other essential workers. This pattern cannot be explained by differences in unionization rates and points to other differences in bargaining power, including institutional factors influencing the earnings of doctors and nurses. Care penalties have significant implications for the future supply of care services as the pandemic persists, highlighting the need to develop broad coalitions to challenge the undervaluation of care work.HIGHLIGHTS
Care workers are half of all essential workers in the US and mostly women.Essential care workers pay a wage penalty.Features of care work contribute to disempowerment by encouraging commitment over bargaining.Pay penalties contribute to burnout, high turnover, and reduced entry into essential care jobs.Industry-level unionization coalitions should form to contest devaluation of care provision.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 173-187
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1828602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1828602
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Cantillon
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Cantillon
Author-Name: Elena Moore
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore
Author-Name: Nina Teasdale
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Teasdale
Title: COVID-19 and the Pivotal role of Grandparents: Childcare and income Support in the UK and South Africa
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 global crisis and the “stay-home” response taken by most governments has starkly exposed the dependence of formal economies on the invisible and unpaid care labor of women – a dependence that has intensified during the pandemic as public childcare provision and schools are shut and parents work from home. This article focuses specifically on the childcare and income support provided by grandparents in the United Kingdom and South Africa. In undertaking this comparative analysis the study demonstrates the universality of intergenerational interdependence and the contextual specificity of grandparental childcare and income provision, as well as the differential impacts of suspending, or risking, such supports during the pandemic. Grandparents within and across households make substantial contributions to economic, social, and affective lives, and the study argues for greater recognition of these crucial contributions and the development of a more intersectional understanding of the provision of care work.HIGHLIGHTS
COVID-19 has highlighted grandparents’ key contributions to society as part of intergenerational support.In the UK, suspension of grandparents’ informal childcare exposed gaps in formal childcare provision.In South Africa, grandparents maintained caregiving roles in multigenerational households, despite health risks.Grandparents’ contributions must be recognized, reevaluated, and reprioritized in government recovery planning.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 188-202
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1860246
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1860246
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcella Corsi
Author-X-Name-First: Marcella
Author-X-Name-Last: Corsi
Author-Name: Erica Aloè
Author-X-Name-First: Erica
Author-X-Name-Last: Aloè
Author-Name: Giulia Zacchia
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Zacchia
Title: A Feminist Reading of Italy’s North–South Dualism in the Wake of COVID-19
Abstract: 
 Italy has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to official data by the Italian National Institute of Health (as of July 22, 2020), more than 34,000 patients, mostly elderly men, have died of COVID-19. The majority of these deaths (82 percent) are concentrated in the Northern regions. This study investigates Italy’s North–South dichotomy, exploring differences in social norms and family habits among Italian regions from a feminist perspective. Relying on time-use data, it analyzes whether family roles have protected elderly people from the pandemic in the South as compared to the North. The paper emphasizes the need to recognize the value of care and support unpaid care work performed by elderly people within and across households. Further, the paper argues for the need to consider the changing conditions of eldercare and contributes to the growing debate about its quality in Italy and elsewhere.HIGHLIGHTS
Care of and by the elderly has become a new feature of North–South dualism in social norms in Italy.North vs. South response to the pandemic reflects differences in terms of caring spirits.Differences in family structures may explain regional differences in severity of elderly mortality from COVID-19.The need to recognize the value of unpaid work has become urgent in the wake of the pandemic.Attention must be devoted to the intangible aspects of intrahousehold care practices.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 203-216
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1876904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876904
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saskia Elise Duijs
Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Elise
Author-X-Name-Last: Duijs
Author-Name: Anouk Haremaker
Author-X-Name-First: Anouk
Author-X-Name-Last: Haremaker
Author-Name: Zohra Bourik
Author-X-Name-First: Zohra
Author-X-Name-Last: Bourik
Author-Name: Tineke A. Abma
Author-X-Name-First: Tineke A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abma
Author-Name: Petra Verdonk
Author-X-Name-First: Petra
Author-X-Name-Last: Verdonk
Title: Pushed to the Margins and Stretched to the Limit: Experiences of Freelance Eldercare Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands
Abstract: 
 Eldercare professionals engaged in precarious work in the Netherlands faced shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE), testing, and staffing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study of the health, financial situations, and paid and unpaid caring responsibilities of freelance eldercare workers illustrates how labor market inequalities have been (re)produced and exacerbated during the pandemic. Freelancers were pushed toward the margins of the labor market, working risky shifts and compromising their own interests, while unprotected by organizations, social security, or political efforts. Consequently, these workers were stretched to limits where they could no longer attend to their own health or to their paid and unpaid care responsibilities. The study places these empirical findings within Nancy Fraser and Rahel Jaeggi’s theoretical work on capitalism, illustrating how eldercare workers found themselves at the center of boundary struggles during the pandemic.HIGHLIGHTSIn the Netherlands, paid eldercare workers increasingly opt for freelance care work.During the pandemic freelance eldercare workers were seen as a health risk for clients.Some lost assignments; others were asked to work with insufficient PPE.As a result, many struggled with moral and financial dilemmas.Unions and other players in the Netherlands hold conflicting views on freelancers in eldercare.These views stand in the way of building an alliance to enhance the situations of all working in the sector.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 217-235
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1845389
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1845389
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Yueping
Author-X-Name-First: Song
Author-X-Name-Last: Yueping
Author-Name: Wu Hantao
Author-X-Name-First: Wu
Author-X-Name-Last: Hantao
Author-Name: Dong Xiao-yuan
Author-X-Name-First: Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao-yuan
Author-Name: Wang Zhili
Author-X-Name-First: Wang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhili
Title: To Return or Stay? The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Workers in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Chinese migrants who had returned to their hometowns for the Spring Festival before the Wuhan lockdown, using data from a recent nationally representative survey. The study finds that women migrants were less likely than men migrants to return to the cities and also less likely to return to paid work after the pandemic outbreak. It also finds that having a preschool-age child had a strong negative effect on women migrants’ employment decisions, but it had no effect on men migrants’ decisions. These results expand the literature on the economic vulnerabilities of Chinese migrant workers. More importantly,~the findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a setback in the~progress made in pre-pandemic times in advancing Chinese rural women’s position in the labor market.HIGHLIGHTS
The COVID-19 pandemic had negative employment consequences for Chinese migrant workers.Women migrants were the hardest hit and more likely to withdraw from migration flows and paid work.Women’s caregiving roles and employment in face-to-face services are the main causes of their withdrawal.The pandemic has reinforced traditional gender roles and heightened labor market inequalities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 236-253
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1845391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1845391
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Smriti Rao
Author-X-Name-First: Smriti
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao
Author-Name: Sarah Gammage
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammage
Author-Name: Julia Arnold
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnold
Author-Name: Elizabeth Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Title: Human Mobility, COVID-19, and Policy Responses: The rights and Claims-Making of Migrant Domestic workers
Abstract: 
 This article aims to explore policy responses to the early phase of the COVID-19 crisis, with a particular focus on disparate outcomes for international migrant domestic workers (MDWs). Through an analysis of interviews conducted with health and humanitarian organizations and experts in key migration corridors, it surfaces the central role that MDWs play in social provisioning and in mediating care responsibilities between the state and the family, particularly during lockdown and shelter-in place orders, and calls attention to the essential but excluded nature of migrant labor. The study investigates how states’ responses to COVID-19 intersected with existing institutions of social provisioning and immigration laws, and with claims-making by MDWs to shape the impact of this crisis upon the well-being of these workers. It emphasizes that understanding what is happening to migrant care workers can help rebuild stronger, more effective social protection systems after the crisis.HIGHLIGHTS
Migrant domestic workers (MDWs) perform labor essential for social protection systems.The COVID-19 crisis revealed their exclusion from those social protection systems.Stronger pre-crisis social protection systems were more inclusive of MDWs.Countries of origin largely failed to advocate for these workers during the crisis.Claims-making by worker organizations emerged as workers’ main source of support.Greater social protection for MDWs is a public health and human rights imperative.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 254-270
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1849763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1849763
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Stevano
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevano
Author-Name: Alessandra Mezzadri
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Mezzadri
Author-Name: Lorena Lombardozzi
Author-X-Name-First: Lorena
Author-X-Name-Last: Lombardozzi
Author-Name: Hannah Bargawi
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Bargawi
Title: Hidden Abodes in Plain Sight: the Social Reproduction of Households and Labor in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract: 
 This article deploys a feminist political economy approach centered on social reproduction to analyze the reconfiguration and regeneration of multiple inequalities in households and the labor markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this approach, the analysis unpacks the multiple trajectories of fragility the current crisis is intervening on and reshaping in the home and in the world of work, and their gendered and racialized features across the world. It shows how the pandemic and the measures to contain it have further deepened the centrality of households and reproductive work in the functioning of capitalism and argues that the transformative potential of the crisis can only be harnessed by framing policy and political responses around social reproduction and its essential contributions to work and life.HIGHLIGHTS
A feminist social reproduction approach reveals the COVID-19 crisis as a crisis of work.The crisis is reshaping the organization of production and reproduction in households and global labor markets.This reorganization is exacerbating gender, class, and race inequalities.The pandemic has renewed the centrality of households in welfare provisioning and made social reproduction work visible.An internationalist feminist response would ensure access to services based on the centrality of social reproduction.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 271-287
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1854478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1854478
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: İpek İlkkaracan
Author-X-Name-First: İpek
Author-X-Name-Last: İlkkaracan
Author-Name: Emel Memiş
Author-X-Name-First: Emel
Author-X-Name-Last: Memiş
Title: Transformations in the Gender Gaps in Paid and Unpaid Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from Turkey
Abstract: 
 This paper uses a unique survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey to analyze men’s and women’s time use under lockdown. The study finds that while men’s participation in unpaid work increased, particularly for men who switched to working from home, the relative increase for women further widened the gender gap in unpaid work. The gender gap in paid work narrowed due to relatively less employment disruption for women and a relatively higher decrease in men’s paid work. The total workload of employed women reached levels that make it hard to sustain a decent work–life balance. Disparities in unpaid work among women by education and employment status decreased, reflecting how purchasing power became somewhat irrelevant under the pandemic measures. These findings unveil simultaneously the fragility of the work–life balance conditions faced by employed women and a window of opportunity created by men’s increased participation in unpaid work.HIGHLIGHTS
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, women’s unpaid work time almost doubled, while men’s quadrupled.Women experienced lower employment disruption and less decrease in paid work time than men.Employed women saw an alarming intensification in their overall workload.Men’s unpaid work increased substantially due to working from home and lower employment hours.COVID-19 has highlighted the need for work–life balance policies and for investment in social care.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 288-309
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1849764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1849764
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyn Craig
Author-X-Name-First: Lyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Craig
Author-Name: Brendan Churchill
Author-X-Name-First: Brendan
Author-X-Name-Last: Churchill
Title: Working and Caring at Home: Gender Differences in the Effects of Covid-19 on Paid and Unpaid Labor in Australia
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic caused working from home to spike abruptly, creating a unique spatial organization of paid and unpaid work that was not so different for women and men. This paper reports early results from a survey of Australian men and women, conducted during state-imposed lockdown in May 2020, on how the pandemic affected paid work, domestic work, and caring responsibilities. Findings reveal a rise in domestic work burdens for all. Women shouldered most of the extra unpaid workload, but men’s childcare time increased more in relative terms, so average gender gaps narrowed. The relative gap in housework remained. While the lockdown generated lower subjective time pressure, dissatisfaction with balance of paid and unpaid work rose markedly and from a much higher base for women. Overall, the results reflect a need for sustained policy attention to the care economy to narrow rather than widen gender disparity.HIGHLIGHTS
Lockdowns created extra unpaid work, at the same time as people also worked from home.Men pitched in more, but only to about the same amount as women were doing before the pandemic.Employers expected their workers to be as productive as before the pandemic, ignoring care burdens.Childcare and school closures disproportionally affected women’s paid and unpaid work.Women’s economic security will be at growing risk unless affordable care services are available.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 310-326
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1831039
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1831039
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liana Woskie
Author-X-Name-First: Liana
Author-X-Name-Last: Woskie
Author-Name: Clare Wenham
Author-X-Name-First: Clare
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenham
Title: Do Men and Women “Lockdown” Differently? Examining Panama’s Covid-19 Sex-Segregated Social Distancing Policy
Abstract: 
 State-enforced curtailment of mobility – through social distancing and national or subnational lockdowns – has become a key tool to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Panama instituted a sex-segregated mobility policy to limit people’s circulation whereby women were allowed to leave the home for essential services on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; and men on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Through a retrospective analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) data, this paper presents an overview of aggregate mobility patterns in Panama following the policy implementation. The paper looks at relative mobility for women and men, examining differences by volume and type of movement. The results identify lower visits to all community location categories on women-mobility days; however, we find no statistically significant difference in aggregate mobility to workplaces. The results discuss the implications of these findings and the ethical questions raised regarding the use of sex and gender identity in COVID-19 policies.HIGHLIGHTS
Google mobility data provide a novel opportunity to examine population movement during lockdowns.Panamanian men appear less strict than women with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 lockdown.Lockdown policies may restrict women’s public participation.Public domestic activities may hold new value and inform household bargaining during COVID-19.Policies based on government-indicated sex reproduce inequalities for non-binary individuals.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 327-344
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1867761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1867761
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marta Seiz
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Seiz
Title: Equality in Confinement: Nonnormative Divisions of Labor in Spanish Dual-Earner Families During the Covid-19 Lockdown
Abstract: 
 This study analyzes the intrahousehold division of labor within heterosexual couples with children during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. The strict confinement established could be regarded as an exogenous shock creating, for some families, theoretically favorable conditions for arrangements that deviate from traditionally gendered dynamics. The disappearance of time constraints from presential work and the impossibility of outsourcing housework and childcare gave highly educated, high-resource women in dual-earner, teleworking couples a unique opportunity to negotiate balanced distributions of work. An online survey carried out during the Spanish lockdown reveals that in most cases egalitarian and nonnormative arrangements were established. Time-availability factors emerge as crucial for this achievement. Nevertheless, a non-negligible proportion of these families exhibit traditional domestic work patterns, which highlights the resilience of normative structures binding women to the household sphere. The study also raises concerns about future socioeconomic polarization derived from differences in paid work constraints.HIGHLIGHTS
The COVID-19 lockdown in Spain allowed couples to renegotiate traditional divisions of labor.Telework and flexibility were key in helping high-resource women achieve nontraditional patterns.The gender gap is smallest for paid work and play activities with children.Women nonetheless continued to assume more unpaid work than men.Research and policy should address class and gender gaps based on paid work conditions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 345-361
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1829674
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1829674
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin-chi Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Lin-chi
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Alexander Henke
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Henke
Title: The Effect of Sheltering in Place on Police Reports of Domestic Violence in the US
Abstract: 
 This study analyzes the effect of sheltering in place in response to COVID-19 on domestic violence incidents in the US using novel daily mobile device tracking data, the timing of shelter-in-place orders, and dispatch and crime data from twenty-eight police departments in eighteen US states. Findings show that reports of domestic violence rise after local shelter-in-place orders are enacted and that domestic violence increases with measures of sheltering in place, as indicated by mobile device tracking data. This result is consistent with an exposure reduction theory of domestic violence and, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the importance of providing potential victims of violence with spaces that are safe from abusers and risk of infection. When applied to the entire US, it is estimated that sheltering in place increased domestic violence by approximately 6 percent, or more than 24,000 cases, from March 16 to April 30, 2020.HIGHLIGHTS
Having to confine at home with an abuser can increase violence.Mobile device tracking data was used to measure the percentage of people who stayed at home all day.US police reports of domestic violence rose with shelter-in-place orders and fell when efforts relaxed.The real effect may be larger due to pandemic-related reporting issues.Economic and behavioral interventions for potential victims will not fully counteract the effects of exposure.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 362-379
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1830145
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1830145
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Abras
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Abras
Author-Name: Ana Claudia Polato e Fava
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Claudia Polato e
Author-X-Name-Last: Fava
Author-Name: Monica Yukie Kuwahara
Author-X-Name-First: Monica Yukie
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuwahara
Title: Women Heads of State and Covid-19 Policy Responses
Abstract: 
 Anecdotal media reports suggest that countries led by women politicians have had better outcomes from combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper systematizes the evidence by using data on the presence of women heads of state and COVID-19 related infection and death rates in 144 countries. The regression results show that: (1) there is a negative and statistically significant correlation between COVID-19 outcomes and the presence of a woman head of state; (2) there is no evidence that countries led by women responded faster than countries led by men in implementing social distancing measures to “flatten” the infection curve; and (3) countries led by women have a higher rate of universal healthcare coverage than countries led by men; if the countries led by men had comparable levels of investment in a widely available healthcare system, their outcomes from fighting the pandemic would be similar.HIGHLIGHTSCountries with women heads of state report fewer cases and deaths related to COVID-19.These states also have higher rates of universal healthcare coverage.Women’s preferences for public spending on healthcare made these countries better prepared for the pandemic.There is no evidence that women leaders were faster to implement social distancing measures.Countries led by men could have similar outcomes with investment in higher healthcare coverage.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 380-400
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1864432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1864432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:27:y:2021:i:1-2:p:380-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Supriya Garikipati
Author-X-Name-First: Supriya
Author-X-Name-Last: Garikipati
Author-Name: Uma Kambhampati
Author-X-Name-First: Uma
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambhampati
Title: Leading the Fight Against the Pandemic: Does Gender Really Matter?
Abstract: 
 Since the start of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the relationship between national women leaders and their effectiveness in handling the COVID-19 crisis has received much media attention. This paper scrutinizes this association by considering income, demography, health infrastructure, gender norms, and other national characteristics and asks if women's leadership is associated with fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths in the first few months of the pandemic. The paper also examines differences in the policy responses of leaders by gender. Using a constructed dataset for 194 countries, it uses a variety of economic and sociodemographic variables to match nearest neighbors. The findings show that COVID-19 outcomes, especially deaths, are better in countries led by women and may be explained by the timing of lockdowns. The study uses insights from behavioral studies and leadership literature to speculate on the sources of these gender differences as well as on their implications.HIGHLIGHTS
COVID-19 offers a unique spotlight on the effectiveness of national leadership in crises.Little is known about how women versus men leaders manage national crises.Nearest-neighbor matching reveals women-led countries performed better in COVID-19 outcomes.Women leaders locked down their countries more quickly than their men-led neighbors.Women leaders also communicated in ways that were markedly different from men leaders.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 401-418
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1874614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1874614
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine A. Moos
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Moos
Title: Coronavirus Fiscal Policy in the United States: Lessons from Feminist Political Economy
Abstract: 
 Using the United States’ fiscal response to COVID-19 in March and April 2020 as a case study, this paper explores the implications the US coronavirus legislation had for the societal distribution of responsibility for social reproduction among US households, employers, and the federal government – and the legislation's effect on women and racialized minorities. It builds on feminist political economy research that argues that, prior to the coronavirus pandemic, economic crisis and stagnating conditions for workers in the US had increased the role of households and the US government in social reproduction relative to the contribution of employers. The paper argues that the US federal government has responded to the COVID-19 crisis through an infusion of income support, but it has failed to increase its long-term socially reproductive commitments and has not addressed the intensified socially reproductive burden placed on households or the declining role of employers in working-class social reproduction.HIGHLIGHTS
The COVID-19 crisis prompted the US Congress to spend an historic US$3 trillion on relief.Sixty-nine percent of coronavirus spending was allocated to social reproduction purposes.Congress responded more to the collapse of aggregate demand than to the health crisis.Federal aid improved the livelihood of some groups, while disadvantaging others.The bills left low-wage workers, women, and minorities in vulnerable positions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 419-435
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1870707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1870707
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:27:y:2021:i:1-2:p:419-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lenore Palladino
Author-X-Name-First: Lenore
Author-X-Name-Last: Palladino
Title: Public Investment in Home Healthcare in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Win-Win Strategy
Abstract: 
 Home healthcare – to the elderly and those with chronic health conditions – is growing in importance in the COVID-19 pandemic era. In the United States, public investment in home healthcare can be a win-win strategy for public health and economic security. Yet, home healthcare has remained chronically underpaid and neglected in the policy response to the COVID-19 crisis. This article examines the impacts of large-scale public investment in the home healthcare industry. It finds that such investment can stabilize employment for millions of low-income women and, through their renewed economic activity, create or stabilize employment in the sectors hardest hit by the pandemic and where low-income women are concentrated: non-home healthcare, food service, and retail. The study concludes it is crucial to push for robust investment in home healthcare as policymakers in the US consider major public support for a variety of industrial sectors.HIGHLIGHTSIn the pandemic, access to home healthcare is more important than ever before.Public investment in the home healthcare workforce would support millions of jobs.The home healthcare workforce is mainly made up of low-income women, disproportionately women of color.Investment in home healthcare could motivate important public support for other care sectors.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 436-452
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1840609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1840609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:27:y:2021:i:1-2:p:436-452




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jérôme De Henau
Author-X-Name-First: Jérôme
Author-X-Name-Last: De Henau
Author-Name: Susan Himmelweit
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Himmelweit
Title: A Care-Led Recovery From Covid-19: Investing in High-Quality Care to Stimulate And Rebalance The Economy
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic has both devastated employment prospects, particularly of women, and exposed the longstanding neglect of care systems and poor employment conditions of care workers. Most recovery programs propose to stimulate employment by focusing on investment in construction, ignoring gender equality issues. This paper argues for public investment in high-quality care services and better conditions for care workers to build a more gender-equal caring economy. Using input–output analysis, across selected European Union countries and the United States, the study shows a care-led recovery has superior employment outcomes to investment in construction, even when wages and hours are matched. In particular, matching employment and wages in care to the high levels of Scandinavian countries would raise employment rates by more than 5 percentage points and halve most gender employment gaps, while the net cost of investment in construction that achieved as much would generally be at least twice as high.HIGHLIGHTSPublic investment in high-quality care is vital to building a more gender-equal economy.Recovery from COVID-19 requires investment in social, not just physical, infrastructure.A care-led, rather than construction-led, recovery program creates more jobs and reduces gender inequality.More jobs would be created even when employment conditions for care workers are improved.A more caring economy, employing more people in care jobs, is also a greener economy.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 453-469
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1845390
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1845390
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:27:y:2021:i:1-2:p:453-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Heintz
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Heintz
Author-Name: Silke Staab
Author-X-Name-First: Silke
Author-X-Name-Last: Staab
Author-Name: Laura Turquet
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Turquet
Title: Don't Let Another Crisis Go to Waste: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Imperative for a Paradigm shift
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic revealed how globalized, market-based economies critically depend on a foundation of nonmarket goods, services, and productive activities that interact with capitalist institutions and impact market economies. These findings, long argued by feminist economists, have profound implications for how we think about our economic futures. This paper shows how lessons from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic can inform how people think about the future of our economies and, specifically, how to address a trio of interlocking crises: care work, environmental degradation, and macroeconomic consequences. Drawing on these lessons, this paper argues for a necessary paradigm shift and discusses the implications of such a shift for social and economic policies.HIGHLIGHTS
The pandemic highlights the interlocking crises of care, the environment, and macroeconomics.COVID-19 underscores the centrality of care in our economies.The intensifying environmental crisis illustrates the neglect of nonmarket processes in dominant policy approaches.The biggest contradictions in our economic systems result from the interactions between capitalist institutions and the nonmarket sphere.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 470-485
Issue: 1-2
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leanne Roncolato
Author-X-Name-First: Leanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Roncolato
Author-Name: Cairynne Koh
Author-X-Name-First: Cairynne
Author-X-Name-Last: Koh
Title: Underground Employment: Analyzing the Job Quality of New York City Subway Dancers
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the New York City subway phenomenon known as “showtime.” Using an individuals-in-relation framework and drawing on Marxist and feminist economic perspectives, it investigates the job quality of subway dancing as a type of informal self-employment. The data come from thirty-four in-depth interviews conducted in 2016. The paper contextualizes earnings, hours, and conditions of work by considering the social relations and power dynamics in which they are embedded. While dancers articulate advantages of this work, such as setting one’s own schedule and having a creative outlet, they also articulate disadvantages, most notably the risk of being arrested. While the dancers see performing on the subway as productively contributing to New York City, the police categorize this activity as a crime. Through this analysis, the paper provides insights into the broader context of work relations and inequality in New York City.HIGHLIGHTS
Empowering aspects of subway dancing include not having a boss and ability to express creativity.Challenges include negative passengers and risk of injury or arrest.Subway dancing highlights lack of quality formal employment for marginalized populations in New York City.Criminalizing subway dancing is an example of criminalization of black male bodies in the US.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 77-101
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1820065
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1820065
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Waller
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Waller
Author-Name: Mary V. Wrenn
Author-X-Name-First: Mary V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wrenn
Title: Feminist Institutionalism and Neoliberalism
Abstract: 
 Neoliberalism is an ideology that requires the public/private split in human affairs to exist and to be perceived as normal and natural. This paper begins by looking at the feminist critique of dualisms, as developed by the feminist institutional economist Ann Jennings and feminist economists Paula England and Julie Nelson and then applies their critique of the public/private dualisms to neoliberal conceptions of agency and care. The paper argues that once dualism is exposed as an incorrect representation of existential reality, it becomes impossible to use for justifying the characterization of behavior, invidious distinctions, and the social valuations of human behavior it supports, thereby making neoliberal assumptions about normal behavior that support its policy prescriptions untenable. Finally, it explores the consequences of this critique of neoliberalism on the conceptualization of agency and the economics of care.HIGHLIGHTS
Feminist economists and original institutionalists share aspects of their inquiry.Both approaches understand economics as the study of social provisioning.The public/private dualism is necessary to sustain neoliberal ideology.Discrediting the public/private dualism leads to rejecting neoliberal agency.Caring is inconsistent with neoliberal ideology.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 51-76
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1883194
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1883194
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Punarjit Roychowdhury
Author-X-Name-First: Punarjit
Author-X-Name-Last: Roychowdhury
Author-Name: Gaurav Dhamija
Author-X-Name-First: Gaurav
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhamija
Title: The Causal Impact of Women’s Age at Marriage on Domestic Violence in India
Abstract: 
 This study examines the causal effect of women’s age at marriage on prevalence of domestic violence using newly available household data from India. The paper employs an empirical strategy that utilizes variation in age at menarche to obtain exogenous variation in women’s age at marriage. The results show robust evidence that a one-year delay in women’s marriage causes a significant decline in physical violence, although it has no impact on sexual or emotional violence. Further, the study provides suggestive evidence that the effect of women’s marital age on physical violence arises because older brides, as compared to younger brides, are more educated and are married to more educated men. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of better enforcement of existing social policies that seek to delay marriages of women, as well as formulation of newer interventions, to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence in developing countries.HIGHLIGHTS
The study examines the causal effect of marital age on exposure to domestic violence.It utilizes recent household data from India.Variation in age at menarche is used to obtain exogenous variation in age at marriage.Results show one-year delay in women's marriage causes a decline in physical violence.The study conducts further analysis to shed light on underlying mechanisms.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 188-220
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721
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Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:27:y:2021:i:3:p:188-220




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aniruddha Mitra
Author-X-Name-First: Aniruddha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra
Author-Name: James T. Bang
Author-X-Name-First: James T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bang
Title: Gender Disparities in Post-Conflict Societies: A Cross-National Analysis
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the impacts of conflict, resolution, and post-conflict democracy on gender bias. Exploring this question poses two methodological concerns. The first regards selection bias in which countries experience conflict and its resolution. The study addresses this issue using a generalization of the Heckman procedure. The second is that post-conflict democracy is likely endogenous to the level of pre-conflict democracy. This issue is addressed using two-stage least squares. Results show that conflict unambiguously worsens gender outcomes with respect to secondary school enrollment, labor force participation, fertility, and parliamentary representation. However, it does not affect the gap in life expectancy. Conflict resolution improves gender outcomes significantly, but not always by a magnitude that restores pre-conflict levels of equality. Greater post-conflict democratization improves parliamentary representation of women and the gender gaps in life expectancy and secondary school enrollment. However, it worsens the gap in labor force participation.HIGHLIGHTS
The study corrects selection bias in conflict and its resolution with a three-step procedure.It instruments for post-conflict democratization using legal origin and geography.Conflict worsens gender inequities in education, the labor force, and representation.Conflict resolution mitigates most conflict-induced inequities, but not fully.Democratization further improves equity in representation and schooling.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 134-160
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Gradín
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Gradín
Title: Occupational Gender Segregation in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study shows that occupations in South Africa are segregated and stratified by gender. While some women (mostly Black and “Coloured”) overwhelmingly fill low-paying jobs, others (mostly White and Indian/Asian, but also Coloured) tend to fill higher-paying professional positions. This paper finds evidence of a long-term reduction in gender segregation and stratification, with women and men entering occupations previously dominated by the other gender, although this trend is sensitive to several data considerations. Most recent evidence, however, points to stagnation in this process. Distinct worker characteristics by gender – including education, location, or age – cannot explain the existing segregation or women's overrepresentation in low-paying jobs, compared with men's representation. They do partially explain the overrepresentation of women in some higher-paying positions and the declining stratification of the labor market by gender. Education is the primary driver for upward mobility for women and gender equality in the South African labor market. Note: This study follows the current South African government’s usage of the racial category “Coloured,” with the caveat that the term is not in acceptable use outside South Africa.HIGHLIGHTS
Gendered occupations and pay gaps in South Africa have not been adequately studied.Black women suffer double labor segregation in South Africa, by gender and by race.Post-apartheid progress in reducing labor segregation has been faster by gender than by race.Improved education offers women a route to better-paid professional occupationsAlthough women now access better jobs, managerial positions remain disproportionately male.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 102-133
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1906439
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1906439
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl R. Doss
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Doss
Title: Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives Into Household Economics
Abstract: 
 Over the past thirty years, feminist economists have been at the forefront of work on household and intrahousehold economics. To a significant degree, their work has entered mainstream economics. This is surely a success story, both in the impact on academia and the broader implications for policy. This essay suggests that feminist economists should pause to reflect on the potential perils that accompany these successes. What gets lost when intrahousehold issues are folded into mainstream economic analyses? What is still missing in this literature? What still needs to be on the agenda for feminist economists working on issues around households? The essay highlights five potential perils: the focus on individuals, the narrow definition of households, the tendency for questions to be driven by available data and metrics, the possibility of collecting more data than scholars can use, and the need to include social norms and structural constraints.HIGHLIGHTS
Feminist economists have advanced the frontiers of household economics.Innovations in data collection help us understand women’s asset ownership and decision making.Women’s voices are increasingly captured in data collection.Mainstream approaches continue to focus on individuals and to define households narrowly.Much mainstream research still struggles to include social norms and structural constraints.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1883701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1883701
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geske Dijkstra
Author-X-Name-First: Geske
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra
Title: Introduction to Gender and Wellbeing in Microeconomics
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 221-224
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1883702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1883702
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Shenaz Hossein
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Shenaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossein
Title: Racialized People, Women, and Social Enterprises: Politicized Economic Solidarity in Toronto
Abstract: 
 For social enterprise to matter to racialized people, it must be purposefully embedded in the community. This study examines three nonprofit organizations led by women engaged in community economic development work – Firgrove Learning and Innovation Community Centre, Warden Woods Community Centre, and Elspeth Heyworth Centre for Women – in Toronto, one of the largest cities in North America. This study explores the work of these anti-racist feminist leaders who lack the certainty of funding from federal sources, yet understand that the key to making ethical community economies is to advance politicized economic solidarity and not to legitimize the corporatization of the social economy. This research also draws on the ethical coordinates of J.K Gibson-Graham to provoke a radical shift in the accepted understanding of social innovation in the enterprising development sector.HIGHLIGHTS
Mainstream definitions of social enterprise exclude businesses led by marginalized peoples.Three racialized women in Toronto lead social enterprises with ethics and politicized action.These enterprises benefit their communities and fight racism in the capitalist economy.The study makes visible racialized peoples’ social-enterprise economy.Social enterprises must promote politicized economic solidarity and anti-racist feminism.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 21-50
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1821078
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1821078
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso
Author-Name: Anna Maccagnan
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Maccagnan
Author-Name: Silvia Mendolia
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mendolia
Title: Going Beyond Test Scores: The Gender Gap in Italian Children’s Mathematical Capability
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the relationship between gender, attitudes, and test scores in mathematics. The study argues that measures of children’s capability in mathematics must include some indicators of attitudes toward the subject. These are particularly important when analyzing gender gaps because attitudes toward mathematics differ by gender. To this end, the study first analyzes the gender gap in attitudes and test scores separately using school fixed effects models. Second, it estimates a structural equation model, which takes into account that mathematical capability is a latent construct for which some indicators (test scores and attitudes) are observed. Using data from the Italian National Institute for the Evaluation of Education Systems (INVALSI) for school years 5 and 10 in 2014 and 2015, results confirm that when mathematics capability, including both attitudes and test scores, is measured, the gap between boys and girls changes, and it is therefore relevant to consider both concepts.HIGHLIGHTS
Italy has one of the highest gender gaps in mathematics in the OECD.Gender gaps are substantial both in children's attitudes and their test scores.Tackling gender stereotypes may improve women's self-confidence in mathematics and the gender gap in scores.This may also help close the gender gap in STEM occupations.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 161-187
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nora Waitkus
Author-X-Name-First: Nora
Author-X-Name-Last: Waitkus
Author-Name: Lara Minkus
Author-X-Name-First: Lara
Author-X-Name-Last: Minkus
Title: Investigating the Gender Wealth Gap Across Occupational Classes
Abstract: 
 This study examines the role of occupational classes in the Gender Wealth Gap (GWG). Despite rising interest in gender differences in wealth, the central role of occupations in restricting and enabling its accumulation has been neglected thus far. Drawing on the German Socio-Economic Panel, this study employs quantile regressions and decomposition techniques. It finds explanatory power of occupational classes for the gender wealth gap, which exists despite accounting for other labor-market-relevant parameters, such as income, tenure, and full-time work experience at different points of the wealth distribution. Wealth gaps by gender vary between and within occupational classes. Particularly, women’s underrepresentation among the self-employed and overrepresentation among sociocultural professions explain the GWG in Germany. The study thus adds another dimension of stratification – occupational class – to the discussion on the gendered distribution of wealth.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-147
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1973059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1973059
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terry-Ann Craigie
Author-X-Name-First: Terry-Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Craigie
Title: Men's Incarceration and Women's Labor Market Outcomes
Abstract: 
 The prevalence of men's incarceration in the United States has important unintended consequences for women. Two early studies find positive external effects of men's incarceration on women's labor market outcomes in general. However, very little is known about the labor market outcomes of women directly affected by men's incarceration. This study evaluates how women's labor market outcomes change when a male partner is currently incarcerated. It finds substantial and robust evidence that a male partner's current incarceration lowers women's weekly earnings at extensive and intensive margins, while raising women's unemployment odds at the extensive margin. These negative consequences on women's labor market outcomes warrant further policy attention.HIGHLIGHTS
Women are markedly affected by the incarceration of their male partners.Less is known about how a male partner behind bars affects a woman in the labor market.Having a male partner behind bars and his time served both lower a woman's earnings.Having a male partner behind bars raises the likelihood of a woman's unemployment.These losses are statistically comparable to losses under the Great Recession.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uchenna R. Efobi
Author-X-Name-First: Uchenna R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Efobi
Author-Name: Oluwabunmi Adejumo
Author-X-Name-First: Oluwabunmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adejumo
Author-Name: Scholastica Ngozi Atata
Author-X-Name-First: Scholastica Ngozi
Author-X-Name-Last: Atata
Title: Age at First and Current Marriage and Women’s Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
Abstract: 
 This paper relies on the 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys and an instrumental variable estimation strategy to estimate the relationship between a Nigerian woman’s age at entry into her first and current marriage and entrepreneurship. The result suggests a 5-percentage point higher likelihood of engaging in entrepreneurship for women with an additional year of at marriage entry. Further, there is about a 12-percentage point increase in the likelihood of continuous engagement in self-employed work over the prior year with an additional year of age at marriage entry. This result is consistent for women who reside in rural and urban locations. Premarital investments in education, lower fertility, and better intramarriage bargaining power are the likely operative channels that explain the estimated relationship.HIGHLIGHTS
Early marriage entry has economic costs and hurts women’s overall empowerment.Early marriage in Nigeria is mainly influenced by religious and cultural factors.Women who marry early are less likely to engage in entrepreneurship and to do so continuously.There are no geographic differences in the effects of early marriage entry on entrepreneurship.Later marriage is associated with better education, declining fertility, and improved bargaining power of women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 148-173
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1943486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1943486
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Marija Sikirić
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Marija Sikirić
Title: The Effect of Childcare Use on Gender Equality in European Labor Markets
Abstract: 
 Parenthood necessarily increases the scope of unpaid work in households and tends to depress women’s employment rates relative to men’s. This paper examines the relationship between the use of full-time childcare for children under 3 years of age and employment rates for men and women with one, two, or three or more children under 6 years of age in European households. Panel data from a sample of the (then) twenty-eight European Union member states for the 2005–15 period were analyzed. The results indicate that smaller differences between employment rates of men and women with one, two, or three or more children under 6 years of age are associated with greater use of full-time childcare arrangements for children under the age of 3.HIGHLIGHTS
Traditional gender roles impose a greater burden of unpaid work on women than men.Parenthood widens the gap between women's and men's employment rates.The use of childcare reduces gender inequality in the labor market.Part-time work arrangements help women combine parenthood and employment.Long leaves have a negative impact on women's employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 90-113
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1933560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1933560
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hadia Majid
Author-X-Name-First: Hadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Majid
Author-Name: Karin Astrid Siegmann
Author-X-Name-First: Karin Astrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Siegmann
Title: The Effects of Growth on Women’s Employment in Pakistan
Abstract: 
 This article seeks to clarify the effect of growth on gender equality for the case of Pakistan, a country that has seen periods of high growth alongside the persistence of stark gender inequalities. The paper addresses this aim by estimating gendered sectoral employment elasticities of growth for the period 1984–2017 and investigates their drivers. It finds that the secular trend toward productivity-driven growth since the turn of the millennium has lowered the responsiveness of men’s employment to growth impulses in particular. For women, factors related to Pakistan’s gender order are more relevant. Greater gender parity in education enables women to benefit from growth in the form of better employment access. The reverse is the case for improvements in relative women’s life expectancy, understood as indicative of their social status. The paper interprets the related effect as a reduction in the precarity of women’s employment associated with improved status.HIGHLIGHTS
Employment dividends of growth are realized in a highly gender-differentiated way.Pakistan’s gender order mediates women’s volatile employment responses to growth.We use excess women’s mortality as an indicator for Pakistan’s gender order.Women workers bear the brunt of recessions through the loss and precarity of jobs.Education is especially relevant in reducing women’s employment precarity.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 29-61
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mignon Duffy
Author-X-Name-First: Mignon
Author-X-Name-Last: Duffy
Author-Name: Reagan Baughman
Author-X-Name-First: Reagan
Author-X-Name-Last: Baughman
Author-Name: Kristin Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: The Flip Side of Turnover: Employment Transitions and Occupational Attachment Among Low-Wage Care Workers in the United States
Abstract: 
 Scholars have explored the ways that conventional economic theory does not fully explain the distribution and characteristics of caring labor – the work, unpaid and paid, of caring for those who are young, elderly, or disabled. This paper explores a critical dimension of paid care – high turnover rates in the lowest-wage segment of the sector (including childcare, nursing homes, home health). Using longitudinal data from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) in the US, it examines the “flip side” of that turnover by comparing occupational mobility among low-wage care workers to that of other low-wage service workers. The findings indicate that patterns of occupational transition among care workers are distinct in important ways. Understanding occupational attachment among paid care workers is critical to developing theoretical models about care and to creating care-specific policies to address employee turnover and its negative impact on care quality.HIGHLIGHTS
High turnover in low-wage jobs in care-related fields has a negative impact on the quality of care.Low-wage care workers have longer job tenures and are more likely to stay in their field than other low-wage workers.Low-wage care workers experience more upward mobility than food service and cleaning workers, but less than office and sales workers.Low-wage care workers have high rates of transition to a period of not working.There is evidence of higher levels of occupational attachment among low-wage care workers than among other low-wage service workers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 62-89
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annie McGrew
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrew
Title: Birth Strike: The Hidden Fight over Women’s Work
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 174-179
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1954224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1954224
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: I-IV
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1982513
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1982513
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Chandrasekhar
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandrasekhar
Author-Name: Soham Sahoo
Author-X-Name-First: Soham
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo
Author-Name: Hema Swaminathan
Author-X-Name-First: Hema
Author-X-Name-Last: Swaminathan
Title: Seasonal Migration and Feminization of Farm Management: Evidence from India
Abstract: 
 Using gender-disaggregated data on land operations from India, this study demonstrates a relationship between seasonal or short-term migration for work and feminization of farm management. Using a nationally representative dataset covering 35,604 rural Indian households in 2013, the study identifies whether women are taking on the role of farm managers in households with short-term migrants. Results show that women are less likely than men to be decision makers on farms. This dynamic changes when there is short-term migration in the household, with a greater probability of women being decision makers on farms. These results are robust to concerns over omitted variables, endogeneity, and sample selection issues. The study highlights the importance of unpacking the feminization process to better understand the role of women as farm managers and the need for supporting this transition to ensure that women farmers realize their full potential.HIGHLIGHTS
Short-term migration (STM) is integral to household livelihood strategy in rural India.Feminization of agricultural labor is distinct from the feminization of farm management.In households with STM, women are more likely to be engaged with farm decisions.Effect of STM is stronger for spouse of household head or unmarried daughters.Effect of STM is weaker when there are more adult men in the household.Individual-level data for time use, agricultural decisions, and migration are important.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 86-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1976808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1976808
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Corinna Dengler
Author-X-Name-First: Corinna
Author-X-Name-Last: Dengler
Author-Name: Miriam Lang
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam
Author-X-Name-Last: Lang
Title: Commoning Care: Feminist Degrowth Visions for a Socio-Ecological Transformation
Abstract: 
 This paper addresses the question of how to organize care in degrowth societies that call for social and ecological sustainability, as well as gender and environmental justice, without prioritizing one over the other. By building on degrowth scholarship, feminist economics, the commons, and decolonial feminisms, we rebut the strategy of shifting yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy, thereby reinforcing the separation structure in economics. A feminist degrowth imaginary implies destabilizing prevalent dichotomies and overcoming the (inherent hierarchization in the) boundary between the monetized economy and the invisibilized economy of socio-ecological provisioning. The paper proposes an incremental, emancipatory decommodification and a commonization of care in a sphere beyond the public/private divide, namely the sphere of communitarian and transformative caring commons, as they persist at the margins of capitalism and are (re-)created by social movements around the world.HIGHLIGHTS
Degrowth aims at creating human flourishing within planetary boundaries.As feminist degrowth scholarship, this study discusses degrowth visions for care work.It problematizes the shifting of yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy.Instead, it proposes collective (re)organization in the sphere of the commons.Caring commons are no automatism for a gender-just redistribution of care work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942511
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942511
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samia Badji
Author-X-Name-First: Samia
Author-X-Name-Last: Badji
Title: Parental Education and Increased Child Survival in Madagascar: What Can We Say?
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Madagascar. Until recently, most research linking parental education and child mortality had overlooked the case of Sub-Saharan Africa, despite the region having a high childhood mortality rate and a low association between parental education and child survival. Adopting a careful empirical strategy based on availability of schooling infrastructure and internal instruments, this paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the role of both the father’s and mother’s education as well as different educational levels. The results demonstrate that children’s survival probabilities increase when they have a mother with at least primary schooling. Controlling for wealth reduces the effect of mothers’ education by only one-third. In contrast, fathers’ education does not play a significant role in child survival.HIGHLIGHTS
Parental education is strongly associated with improvements in child health in many countries.Father’s education is not a strong determinant of child survival in Madagascar.Higher levels of maternal education increase child survival in Madagascar.Wealth only accounts for one-third of the total effect of maternal education.Increasing education levels especially for women will likely reduce child mortality in future generations.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 142-169
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pilar Beneito
Author-X-Name-First: Pilar
Author-X-Name-Last: Beneito
Author-Name: José J. Garcia-Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: José J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia-Gómez
Title: Gender Gaps in Wages and Mortality Rates During Industrialization: The Case of Alcoy, Spain, 1860–1914
Abstract: 
 What role did women play during industrialization? Interpretations of this key period of history have been largely based on analyses of men’s work. This paper offers evidence of the effects of women’s involvement in the industrialization process that took place in Alcoy, Spain, over the period 1860–1914. Using data drawn from historical sources, the study analyzes labor force participation rates and wage series for women and men in the textile industry and three other sectors of activity (education, health, and low-skill services). The paper then connects the gender pay gaps with life expectancy indicators. Results suggest that women’s contribution to household income might have favored the female life-expectancy advantage, an effect that seems to have been channeled through a reduction in the relative mortality rates of female infants and girls, at the expense of a higher mortality rate of working-age women.HIGHLIGHTS
Analyzing women’s early labor market participation helps interpret current trends in women’s wages and life conditions.Gender wage gaps in 1860–1914 in Alcoy, Spain are representative of women’s earnings during industrialization.The research connects women’s earnings with gender differentials in life expectancy.Mortality rates of girls and elderly women decreased as compared to men’s rates.The opposite occurred to working-age women, who were exposed to poor working conditions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1983190
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1983190
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boaz Anglade
Author-X-Name-First: Boaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Anglade
Author-Name: Pilar Useche
Author-X-Name-First: Pilar
Author-X-Name-Last: Useche
Author-Name: Carmen Diana Deere
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Deere
Title: A Gendered Analysis of Individual-Level Asset Poverty in Ecuador
Abstract: 
 This study uses individual-level wealth data to explore the gender dimensions of asset poverty among the principal adults in Ecuadorean households, the first such study in a developing country. The study departs from conventional practice by analyzing not only sole heads but also partnered men and women heads and show systematic differences by gender, marital status, and household type. Among both sole and partnered heads, women are more likely to be asset poor than men. Further, in contrast to developed countries, asset poverty rates are much higher among partnered men and women than among sole men and women heads, largely because of structural factors that put those in consensual unions at a disadvantage in accumulating assets. The gender gap, however, is much larger among sole heads. In Ecuador, the risk of asset poverty is mainly associated with low levels of education, type of employment, and not having received an inheritance.HIGHLIGHTS
This study uses individual-level asset data to explore the extent of asset poverty in Ecuador.Women in Ecuador are more likely to be asset poor compared to men.The gender asset gap is more prominent among sole heads of household.Asset poverty rates are the highest among women in consensual unions.Education, employment, and inheritance significantly explain asset poverty.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 56-85
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1995019
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1995019
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nozomi Sato
Author-X-Name-First: Nozomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sato
Author-Name: Yasuharu Shimamura
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuharu
Author-X-Name-Last: Shimamura
Author-Name: Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Lastarria-Cornhiel
Title: The Effects of Women’s Self-Help Group Participation on Domestic Violence in Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract: 
 This article explores the impact of Self-Help Group (SHG) participation on the frequency of domestic violence in rural India. The study hypothesizes that SHG participation can raise tensions between married men and women because husbands may perceive some aspects of women’s empowerment as a challenge to patriarchal cultural norms. Using household panel data collected in rural Andhra Pradesh in 2004, 2006, and 2007, this article employs double difference methodology with an instrumental variables approach for impact evaluation. The estimation results show that, while SHG participation reduced domestic violence in the short-term, medium-term participation increased the frequency of domestic violence, particularly after women’s credit access through SHG participation had improved. This article furthermore reveals that the impact of SHG participation on domestic violence was more pronounced among couples who married with dowry. Spouses who practiced dowry appear to be more susceptible to financial inflow through the wife.HIGHLIGHTS
Self-Help Group (SHG) participation impacts the frequency of domestic violence in conflicting ways.Women’s SHG participation initially reduces tensions with their husbands.In the medium term, women’s access to credit creates conflicts with their husbands.SHG participation alone is not enough to overcome patriarchal practices and structures.Effective gender-advocacy programs should include training to change both women’s and men’s attitudes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 29-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1987499
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1987499
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mauricio Sarrias
Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarrias
Author-Name: Victor Iturra
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Iturra
Title: The Double Burden of Being A Woman and Obese: Evidence from the Chilean Labor Market
Abstract: 
 This study analyzes the labor market dimension of a worldwide social concern: the growing level of obesity. Using detailed, individual information of Chilean workers, the study finds a strong evidence of a wage penalty for women as body size increases, whereas men seemingly enjoy a wage premium for being overweight. Several hypotheses are tested for explaining this finding and results suggest that the gender wage gap between obese and non-obese workers is not related to observed productivity differences, risk aversion, or health limitations. For women, the wage penalty is mostly explained by occupational crowding and the “beauty premium” in high-skilled occupations. Finally, this study outlines possible avenues that future research should address.HIGHLIGHTS
Women are more likely to experience a weight penalty in labor markets than men.Heavier women earn less per hour than thinner coworkers in Chile.Overweight men experience a wage premium.Wage differences between obese and non-obese women cannot be explained by observable endowments.The wage penalty is larger in occupations requiring more social interactions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 199-231
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1988127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1988127
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sowmya Dhanaraj
Author-X-Name-First: Sowmya
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhanaraj
Author-Name: Vidya Mahambare
Author-X-Name-First: Vidya
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahambare
Title: Male Backlash and Female Guilt: Women’s Employment and Intimate Partner Violence in Urban India
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the relationship between a married woman’s paid work participation and her exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in urban India. Results show that due to the male backlash channel, women in employment face significantly higher levels of IPV compared to women involved in domestic work only. The study does not find evidence that any autonomy women gain by doing paid work lowers their experience of IPV. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the literature on gender-based violence by introducing and testing for a “female guilt channel” – a phenomenon in which women in paid work justify IPV against them more than those not in paid work – that, in turn, further raises their IPV exposure. The paper finds weak evidence for the guilt channel in the overall sample and stronger evidence among women with intermediate levels of education.HIGHLIGHTS
Women in paid work in urban India are more likely to accept intimate partner violence (IPV), as well as experience a higher degree of marital controlling behavior by husbands.Urban women and men with tertiary education are most likely to overcome gendered norms for paid work.IPV is higher among urban women in paid work whose husbands are not employed or earning less.Raising women’s economic opportunities alone may not lead to universally better outcomes for them inside households.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 170-198
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1986226
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1986226
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivek Pandey
Author-X-Name-First: Vivek
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey
Author-Name: Abhishek Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Abhishek
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Can Multi-Sectoral Development Interventions Boost Livelihoods and Women’s Labor Supply? Evidence from NRLM in India
Abstract: 
 Diversifying household livelihoods and increasing women’s labor force participation is a major developmental challenge in South Asia. Multi-sectoral development approaches can provide better economic opportunities and women’s employment simultaneously. This study provides evidence on the livelihoods and women’s labor supply impacts of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), a $5.1 billion livelihoods initiative. The study matches primary data from 4,202 households and 726 villages using the 2011 Population Census and the 2012 Socio-Economic and Caste Census. The instrumental variable estimates suggest that participation in NRLM is associated with an improvement in the number of household livelihoods by 0.707, livelihood diversification by 0.13σ, and women’s working participation rate (WPR) by 15.4 percent. The study identifies two sets of channels, namely, formation of productive assets and access to formal credit, through which NRLM influenced livelihoods and women’s WPR. Heterogeneous program effects suggest that women in socially and economically deprived households benefitted most.HIGHLIGHTS
The study highlights India’s National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), the world’s largest livelihoods initiative.NRLM improved opportunities for women’s gainful employment in farm and nonfarm productive activities.The program’s impact reflects the efficacy of multi-sectoral development interventions.It relies on a unique multi-sectoral approach that mobilizes rural poor women into SHGs and their federations.The study argues for interventions that influence gender roles in the context of rural growth and development.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 217-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2037684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2037684
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynda Pickbourn
Author-X-Name-First: Lynda
Author-X-Name-Last: Pickbourn
Title: Is Migration in Africa always a Household Decision? Consensus and Contestation in the Rural–Urban Migration Decisions of Ghanaian Women
Abstract: 
 The dominant theoretical framework for analyzing migration in Africa rests on the assumption of cooperative intrahousehold decision making regarding the mobility of household members. This framework, applied to women’s migration, overlooks the varied decision-making processes underlying their mobility, and obscures their ability to act as purposeful agents in making decisions about migration. Drawing on a study of women’s rural–urban migration in Ghana, this article argues that women’s migration decisions exist on a continuum defined by the presence or absence of intrahousehold contestation and the degree of agency exercised by the migrants themselves. Consequently, household models of migration may not always be the appropriate theoretical framework for the analysis of women’s migration in this context. The findings presented have implications for economic analyses of women’s migration and remittances, for our understanding of migrant women’s capacity for agency, and for the design of effective policies to improve migration outcomes for women.HIGHLIGHTS
The study directly elicits information from women about their migration decisions.Women’s migration is the outcome of complex decision-making processes.The dichotomy between household and individual models of migration ignores these complexities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 64-92
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2042473
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2042473
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: I-I
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1745001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2020.1745001
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Baranowska-Rataj
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Baranowska-Rataj
Author-Name: Anna Matysiak
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Matysiak
Title: Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter?
Abstract: 
 This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financial and caregiving responsibilities. Results show that having a larger family is associated with increases in fathers’ share of paid working hours, chances of having a permanent contract and a managerial position, and wages. These findings are, however, largely due to selection. Net of selection, fathers tend to increase paid working hours and are more likely to be promoted after childbirth only in countries where they are considered the main income providers, and acceptance of involved fatherhood is weak. The magnitude of these effects is small, however.HIGHLIGHTS
Family size is positively correlated with fathers’ labor market outcomes in Europe.Having more children is associated with higher job rank, wages, and job stability.Multiple births are the source of exogenous variation in the number of children.Net of selection, family size premium for fathers depends on gender ideologies.In less-egalitarian countries, family size brings more labor market rewards.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 93-118
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2015076
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.2015076
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Özlem Onaran
Author-X-Name-First: Özlem
Author-X-Name-Last: Onaran
Author-Name: Cem Oyvat
Author-X-Name-First: Cem
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyvat
Author-Name: Eurydice Fotopoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Eurydice
Author-X-Name-Last: Fotopoulou
Title: A Macroeconomic Analysis of the Effects of Gender Inequality, Wages, and Public Social Infrastructure: The Case of the UK
Abstract: 
 The aim of this study is to develop a model to analyze the macroeconomic effects of two dimensions of inequality – gender inequality and functional income distribution – and public spending, in particular on social infrastructure, on output, productivity, and hours of employment of men and women. This study estimates the model econometrically using an IV-GMM estimator and time series data for the period of 1970–2016 for the UK. For the estimation of productivity, the article uses IV-GMM estimations based on panel data for eighteen industries for the period of 1970–2015. The study finds that output in the UK is both gender equality-led and wage-led, and hence generally equality-led. Public social infrastructure investment has a high positive effect on both output and employment. Despite a strong positive effect on productivity, the employment of both men and women increases in the medium run.HIGHLIGHTS
Output in the UK is gender equality-led and wage-led; hence the UK is equality-led.An upward convergence in wages by closing gender pay gaps leads to higher output.Public social infrastructure spending has a positive effect on output and productivity.Public social infrastructure leads to higher employment for both men and women.A mix of labor market and fiscal policies can achieve both equality and employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 152-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2044498
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2044498
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ragui Assaad
Author-X-Name-First: Ragui
Author-X-Name-Last: Assaad
Author-Name: Caroline Krafft
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Krafft
Author-Name: Irene Selwaness
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: Selwaness
Title: The Impact of Marriage on Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Abstract: 
 Marriage is a central stage in the transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This article investigates the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA, examining how different types of work are affected by relatively early marriage, defined as marriage by the median age of marriage. An important contribution of this study is to examine the two main mechanisms by which marriage can affect work: (1) its effect on ever entering work and (2) its effect on exiting work. This study endogenizes the marriage decision using an instrumental variables approach. It finds that marriage by the median age reduces women's probability of market work by 47 percent in Jordan, 30 percent in Tunisia, and 16 percent in Egypt. Much of the effect is due to a reduction in the probability of private wage work, which women tend to leave at marriage.HIGHLIGHTS
Women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia often leave employment at marriage.Marrying by the median age has varying effects on different types of employment.Women are particularly likely to leave private sector wage work at marriage.Changes are needed to reconcile private wage employment with women's domestic roles.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 247-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2007415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.2007415
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hasan Tekgüç
Author-X-Name-First: Hasan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tekgüç
Author-Name: Bengi Akbulut
Author-X-Name-First: Bengi
Author-X-Name-Last: Akbulut
Title: A Multidimensional Approach to the Gender Gap in Poverty: An Application for Turkey
Abstract: 
 Conventional poverty measures have long been criticized as a poor gauge of quality of life. Household-level income or expenditure data used in these measures are silent on intrahousehold inequalities and capture means to an end rather than outcomes and opportunities individuals face. This article constructs a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) to address these problems. It calculates multidimensional poverty for Turkey in four equally weighted dimensions: education, health, employment, and household living conditions. The study introduces employment as a distinct dimension of well-being, which is especially pertinent for the gender gap in poverty in the Turkish context. It finds a significant (30–34 percent) gender poverty gap, which is gradually narrowing over time. However, there is very little convergence between regions. Finally, results show households with multidimensionally poor women and non-poor men as the most common sub-group and an increase in the share of households with no poor members.HIGHLIGHTS
The study evaluates the multidimensional poverty of individuals to analyze gender gaps.Employment proxies for ignored functionings like self-respect and social inclusion.Gender poverty gap was between 30 and 34 percent during 2006–15.Gender poverty gap is only closing for the youngest cohorts.Within-household poverty disparities are high and stable during 2006–15.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 119-151
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2003837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.2003837
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer C. Olmsted
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olmsted
Author-Name: Edward A. Sayre
Author-X-Name-First: Edward A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sayre
Title: Gender and Mandated Benefits: The Impact of Israeli Reserve Duty on Wages
Abstract: 
 Neoclassical theory suggests that mandated benefits drive a wedge between the wages of those that receive benefits and those who do not. Much of the empirical literature focuses on family leave programs that primarily benefit women. In Israel, two major mandated benefits are family leave and military reserve leave. This study exploits differences in the pattern of benefits/leave probabilities for men and women, Jews and non-Jews, as well as changes to the structure of reserve duty in the mid 1990s to see if employers respond to anticipated leave changes by adjusting wages. It finds that younger Jewish men made small gains relative to older Jewish men, but that young Jewish women made even greater gains during this period, suggesting little evidence that employers adjusted wages in response to the change in reserve duty requirements in Israel. This finding contributes to evidence suggesting gendered political and cultural factors shape wages.HIGHLIGHTS
In Israel, mandated maternity leave and reserve duty leave are similar in terms of cost to employers.This provides a unique opportunity for analyzing how employers respond to costs associated with such leaves by gender.Israeli reserve soldiers, comprised almost exclusively of Jewish men, do not experience a wage penalty.Findings challenge standard neoclassical labor theory, which argues that higher cost workers earn lower wages.Wage determination is driven not just by economic factors, but also cultural and political ones.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 280-302
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2044499
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2044499
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radka Dudová
Author-X-Name-First: Radka
Author-X-Name-Last: Dudová
Title: Cash for Care as Special Money: The Meaning and Uses of the Care Allowance in Close Relationships in the Czech Republic
Abstract: 
 Investigating what happens when money in the form of a cash-for-care benefit enters family relationships, this article examines long-term family care in the Czech Republic where a “care allowance” was introduced in 2007. It compares two qualitative studies: one of adult children providing care to their parents and the other of mothers caring for a disabled child; in both cases, the adults are entitled to the benefit. The studies used narrative and in-depth interviews with forty-eight informal caregivers. Daughters providing care mostly earmarked the allowance as their parent’s money or did not claim it at all, while sons viewed it as a contribution to pay for care services. Mothers interpreted it as compensation for their caring work. The different practices of earmarking special monies affirmed and maintained gendered normative expectations, thus explaining why the introduction of the benefit did not lead to the outcomes expected by policymakers.HIGHLIGHTS
The introduction of a care allowance in the Czech Republic did not have the expected outcomes.The use of allowance money varied in cases of caring for a parent or child with disability.Gendered norms of care determined how the money was used.The most significant of these norms was that care should be provided personally and by women.The discretionary use of allowance money did not serve to improve caregivers’ economic situations.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 329-355
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1988126
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1988126
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Liangshu Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Liangshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Author-Name: Yanyan Xiong
Author-X-Name-First: Yanyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiong
Title: Non-Parental Childcare Services and Time Allocation of Mothers with Young Children in China
Abstract: 
 This study explores the impact of access to and affordability of paid and unpaid childcare services on the time allocation of mothers with children ages 0–6. The study employs a fixed-effect seemingly unrelated regression model on longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for 2004–11, when women’s employment in China was declining rapidly. The study finds that holding constant other determinants, doubling daily wages of nannies and tuition fees of childcare centers tends to reduce a mother’s market work time by 5.2 and 1.3 h per week and increases her time spent on housework by 1.7 and 0.5 h per week, respectively. Mothers who live with an older, woman relative spend 5.5 h fewer per week on childcare. Access to local childcare centers reduces mothers’ time spent on childcare by 13.3 h per week, and these mothers’ wage rates have no effect on their time allocation.HIGHLIGHTS
In China, rising parenting costs contribute to declines in women’s labor participation rate and the fertility rate.Increasing prices of childcare services reduce mother’s time on paid work and increase time on housework.Access to childcare has no impact on mothers’ time on activities beyond childcare.The government should subsidize early childhood education as it subsidizes elementary education.Childcare leave and flexible work arrangements may alleviate mothers’ time burdens.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 303-328
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2006736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.2006736
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Paul
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul
Author-Name: Khaing Zaw
Author-X-Name-First: Khaing
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaw
Author-Name: William Darity
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Darity
Title: Returns in the Labor Market: A Nuanced View of Penalties at the Intersection of Race and Gender in the US
Abstract: 
 There have been decades of research on wage gaps for groups based on their socially salient identities, such as race and gender, but little empirical investigation on the effects of holding multiple identities. Using the Current Population Survey, this study provides new evidence on intersectionality and the wage gap in the US. This article makes two important contributions. First, there is no single “gender” or “race” wage penalty. Second, the evidence suggests that holding multiple identities cannot readily be disaggregated in an additive fashion. Instead, in a comparison of Black and White workers across gender, this study documents that the penalties associated with the combination of two or more socially marginalized identities interact in multiplicative or quantitatively nuanced ways. Further, the findings demonstrate that the presence of an additional intersectional penalty for Black women persists across time.HIGHLIGHTS
When it comes to earnings, Black women face distinctive penalties for holding their race and gender identities simultaneously.The intersectional wage gap persists across time and during both tight and slack labor markets.The unexplained portion of the wage gap has contracted from 1980–2017; however, it remains large and significant.Intersectional analysis provides a useful framework to disentangle nuances in the labor market.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-31
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2042472
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2042472
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix M. Muchomba
Author-X-Name-First: Felix M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchomba
Author-Name: Neeraj Kaushal
Author-X-Name-First: Neeraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaushal
Title: Gender Differences in Immigrant Assimilation Activities in the US: Evidence from Time-Use Data
Abstract: 
 This study uses the American Time Use Survey for 2003–17 to explore gender differences in time allocated toward activities that facilitate immigrant assimilation, including activities outside the home, with non-family members, and in paid work, education, and shopping. The study finds that among the first and 1.5 generations, respectively, wives spend seventy-nine and thirty-one minutes less per day than husbands in market work, education, and shopping, whereas there is no gender gap among second, 2.5, and third-and-higher generations. Moreover, in first- and 1.5-generation families, husbands spend more time on activities outside the home and with non-family members. This pattern suggests that time used in assimilation activities among first- and 1.5-generation families reflects gender inequality, which could increase women’s dependence on husbands for assimilation. Women from countries with conservative gender roles allocate less time to assimilation activities, but this association dissipates across generations.HIGHLIGHTS
This study investigates whether assimilation increases or reduces gender inequality across immigrant generations.Time allocation is more gendered among first-generation immigrants.There is no such gender gap among second and higher generations.Women from countries with traditional gender norms spend less time on assimilation activities.But this association dissipates across generations.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 189-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2015538
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.2015538
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna K. Szymborska
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Szymborska
Title: The Evolution of Gender Wealth Inequality in the United States in a Changing Institutional Context
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the patterns of household-level gender wealth inequality in light of financial sector transformation in the US since the 1980s. Securitization, the subprime lending expansion, and wider liberalization measures influenced wealth disparities by determining access to different types of wealth, asset values, and relative indebtedness. The evolution of the gender wealth gap in the context of these institutional changes is not yet clearly established in the literature. Using the US Survey of Consumer Finances between 1989 and 2019, the study examines changes in wealth inequality between unpartnered male-headed and female-headed households and its determinants. It finds substantial heterogeneity of the gender wealth gap, and within-group inequality for female-headed households, across different categories of marital status, family structure, race/ethnicity, and percentile of wealth distribution. Homeownership is estimated to have an equalizing impact, while differences in employment income, age, self-employment, and ownership of high-yielding assets are associated with increasing wealth disparities.HIGHLIGHTS
The study examines the unconditional and conditional wealth gaps across unpartnered households.Gender wealth inequality increased in the subprime era and after the Great Recession.The highest inequality is observed across marital status, family structure, and race.The highest inequality is found among the least wealthy households.Wealth inequality can be lowered by reducing disparities in income and asset ownership.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 32-63
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2042583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2042583
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# input file: RFEC_A_2033294_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Özlem Onaran
Author-X-Name-First: Özlem
Author-X-Name-Last: Onaran
Author-Name: Cem Oyvat
Author-X-Name-First: Cem
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyvat
Author-Name: Eurydice Fotopoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Eurydice
Author-X-Name-Last: Fotopoulou
Title: Gendering Macroeconomic Analysis and Development Policy: A Theoretical Model
Abstract: 
 The aim of this study is to develop a feminist Post-Keynesian/Post-Kaleckian model to theoretically analyze the effects of labor market and fiscal policies on growth and employment. The study develops a three-sector gendered macroeconomic model with physical and social sectors (health, social care, education, childcare) in the public and private market economy, and an unpaid reproductive sector providing domestic care. It provides a theoretical analysis of the effects on GDP, productivity, and employment of men and women in both the short and long run, as a consequence of (1) fiscal policies, in particular public spending on social infrastructure, and (2) decreasing gender wage gaps, particularly within the social sector dominated by women. This theoretical analysis provides a basis to further analyze the impacts of an upward convergence in wages, other types of fiscal spending, and taxes.HIGHLIGHTSThe study develops a feminist Post-Keynesian model to aid policy analysis and gender-responsive budgeting.Public social expenditure decreases gender inequality by reducing women’s unpaid work burden.Social spending creates more employment for women than physical infrastructure and closes gender gaps in employment.Social spending can increase productivity, partially moderating the employment impact of spending.If the economy is wage-led, more progressive taxes increase output.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 23-55
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2033294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2033294
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# input file: RFEC_A_1975793_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Ray Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Ray
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Neha Bairoliya
Author-X-Name-First: Neha
Author-X-Name-Last: Bairoliya
Title: Parental Caregivers and Household Power Dynamics
Abstract: 
 Do parental caregivers bear the entire cost of caregiving? Standard cooperative models of the household suggest the welfare burden of care would be distributed across household members (for example, husband and wife). This study develops a simple collective model of intrahousehold bargaining to analyze the time and resource allocation decisions associated with providing unpaid care to an elderly parent. The study argues that if bargaining power is endogenously determined or labor markets are rigid, the welfare cost of caregiving can fall disproportionately on the woman partner, resulting in a “triple burden” of market work, home production, and caregiving, in addition to higher levels of unmet care needs. The study provides a numerical example using cross-country European data to demonstrate how a decrease in an adult daughter's bargaining power relative to her partner can increase her share of the welfare burden and the unmet care needs of her parent.HIGHLIGHTS
Intrahousehold bargaining determines the welfare costs of unpaid caregiving.Labor market rigidities have nuanced effects on the division of the welfare burden.Flexible hours/leave policies could provide relief to both caregivers and recipients.Lower wage gaps and shifting social norms may promote a more equitable division of care.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 114-144
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1975793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1975793
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# input file: RFEC_A_2081353_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Ignacio González
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: González
Author-Name: Bongsun Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Bongsun
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Author-Name: Maria S. Floro
Author-X-Name-First: Maria S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro
Title: Gender Wage Gap, Gender Norms, and Long-Term Care: A Theoretical Framework
Abstract: 
 Population aging in developed and developing economies has led to increasing number of older persons in need of care, posing a challenge to the social arrangements of care and creating important aggregate economic implications. This article proposes a simple theoretical framework to evaluate the interplay of gender norms and the gender wage gap, as well as specific characteristics of the paid care market such as occupational segregation and market power rents. By incorporating a degree of substitutability between women’s and men’s care work, the model shows how declines in the gender wage gap have small effects on the division of long-term care work in the presence of persistent gender norms. The study also shows that market power dynamics, in conjunction with gender norms, perpetuate reliance on women’s provision of unpaid care. The model has important implications for policies promoting gender-egalitarian household division of labor and affordable access to quality long-term care.HIGHLIGHTSThe market logic of the paid care service sector must be analyzed in conjunction with gender norms.A declining gender wage gap does not translate to more equal sharing of long-term care work due to persistent traditional gender norms.Social norms shape the response of the distribution of care work to changes in market prices and perpetuate reliance on women’s unpaid care.Gender-aware policies should encourage egalitarian social norms to reduce women’s unpaid care burden.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 84-113
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2081353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2081353
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# input file: RFEC_A_1937266_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: James Heintz
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Heintz
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre
Title: Endogenous Growth, Population Dynamics, and Economic Structure: Long-Run Macroeconomics When Demography Matters
Abstract: 
 Even long-run macroeconomic growth models that allow for endogenous growth rely on simplistic assumptions regarding demographic regimes. This paper develops a model with more realistic variation in such regimes, including both excessively high and excessively low levels of average fertility. Variations in the structure of the market economy shape these population dynamics, and these trends in turn affect macroeconomic outcomes. Like early overlapping generations models of the type proposed by Paul A. Samuelson, our approach points to market failures and the importance of social institutions and nonmarket relationships that influence transfers between the old and the young, and the costs of childbearing. It also highlights current demographic imbalances at the country level and points to the need to develop open-economy extensions of this model that can capture the effects of population redistribution through immigration.HIGHLIGHTSDemographic trends affect macroeconomic outcomes, and vice versa.These dynamics challenge the assumption that individual decisions generate sustainable outcomes.In the long run, below-replacement fertility can have serious economic consequences.The macroeconomic model outlined here suggests that costs of caring for dependents should be more equitably shared.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 145-163
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266
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# input file: RFEC_A_2085880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Robert A. Blecker
Author-X-Name-First: Robert A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blecker
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein
Title: Feminist Perspectives on Care and Macroeconomic Modeling: Introduction to the Special Issue
Abstract: 
 Macroeconomic models and associated policy analyses have long focused exclusively on market production, ignoring gender and care. Decades of feminist economic research, policy analysis, and activism around gender, care, and unpaid work have provided strong intellectual foundations for redressing this lacuna. This special issue represents the collaborative theoretical modeling work of a multidisciplinary group formed to respond to that gap. This introduction to the special issue situates this work in the wider gender and macroeconomics literature, beginning with some notes on the role of mathematical modeling in feminist economics. A key conclusion that emerges from this introductory review is that while some polices, especially greater public funding of care needs, can alleviate the inequities embedded in the gendered provision of care, more equitable and sustainable development and growth are unlikely to result without a transformation of the systems of gender stratification that underlie care provisioning.HIGHLIGHTSMacroeconomic models and policymaking should center the economic and social contributions of caregivers.Care and unpaid work are fundamental to the functioning of the market economy.A transformation of the systems of gender stratification that underlie care provisioning is needed.No single solution exists, but macroeconomic models of care provide steps toward fixing gender inequities in care provisioning.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2085880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2085880
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# input file: RFEC_A_2044497_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Ramaa Vasudevan
Author-X-Name-First: Ramaa
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasudevan
Author-Name: Srinivas Raghavendra
Author-X-Name-First: Srinivas
Author-X-Name-Last: Raghavendra
Title: Women’s Self-Employment as a Developmental Strategy: The Dual Constraints of Care Work and Aggregate Demand
Abstract: 
 The promotion of self-employment through financial inclusion initiatives has been adopted as a means of harnessing the entrepreneurial and productive capacities of women within the neoliberal developmental policy framework. This study presents a simple analytical model in the Post-Keynesian tradition to investigate the linkages between self-employment, aggregate demand, and unpaid care work by developing a two-sector model. It shows that a developmental strategy based on fostering women’s self-employment is constrained, on the one hand, by the macroeconomic conditions driving aggregate demand and, on the other, by the trade-off between the time allocation between unpaid care and paid work that the gendered division of care work responsibilities imposes on the self-employed woman worker. The promotion of self-employment cannot serve as a viable development strategy without policies that directly boost aggregate demand and at the same time relieve the burden of care responsibilities on women through public investment and social provision of care.HIGHLIGHTS
Self-employment is too often uncritically prescribed as a vehicle for improving women’s livelihoods.Increased self-employment creates competing claims on women’s time between paid work and unpaid care.Women’s self-employment perpetuates gendered asymmetries of care responsibilities within the household.Macroeconomic demand conditions constrain the potential for women’s self-employment to increase livelihoods and support development.Financial inclusion policies alone have limited scope in sustaining women’s self-employment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 56-83
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2044497
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2044497
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# input file: RFEC_A_2131219_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: I-IV
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2131219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2131219
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# input file: RFEC_A_2061029_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Bilge Erten
Author-X-Name-First: Bilge
Author-X-Name-Last: Erten
Author-Name: Pinar Keskin
Author-X-Name-First: Pinar
Author-X-Name-Last: Keskin
Title: Does Knowledge Empower? Education, Legal Awareness, and Intimate Partner Violence
Abstract: 
 This article exploits the rollout of the 1997 Basic Education Program in Turkey, a reform that extended compulsory school attendance, to estimate the causal effects of education on women’s awareness of laws designed to reduce gender inequality and prevent domestic violence. The study implements a regression-discontinuity design and finds that the additional years of schooling improved women’s legal awareness. Women exposed to the education reform were more likely to have heard about the new laws and services through newspapers, journals, or books. However, despite these improvements, the study finds no evidence of a significant change in the risk of women experiencing domestic violence or their ability to quit abusive relationships.HIGHLIGHTS
Multiple barriers undermine women’s access to the justice system in Turkey.Education reform helped remove one such barrier: women’s legal awareness of their rights.However, legal awareness did not translate into significant changes in incidence of domestic violence.Raising awareness is a necessary first step but not enough to empower women to access to legal institutions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 29-59
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2061029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2061029
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# input file: RFEC_A_2081352_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Elena Grinza
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Grinza
Author-Name: Francesco Devicienti
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Devicienti
Author-Name: Mariacristina Rossi
Author-X-Name-First: Mariacristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossi
Author-Name: Davide Vannoni
Author-X-Name-First: Davide
Author-X-Name-Last: Vannoni
Title: How Entry into Parenthood Shapes Gender Role Attitudes: New Evidence from The UK
Abstract: 
 People’s attitudes about how paid and unpaid work should be divided between the members of a couple determine gendered socioeconomic outcomes to a great extent. It is thus important to understand how gender role attitudes (GRA) are formed and evolve. This article concentrates on a path-breaking event in life: becoming a parent. Using longitudinal data from the United Kingdom, the study shows that, in general, becoming a parent significantly shifts women’s GRA toward more traditional positions but leaves men’s attitudes unaffected. Prenatal attitudes are a critical factor. After parenthood occurs, results find a substantial traditionalization of attitudes for (both) progressive parents, while no significant change is observed for parents with conservative prenatal attitudes. Novel analyses show that the traditionalization of attitudes for progressive individuals, after they become parents, is stronger as postnatal arrangements in the division of paid and unpaid work are more traditional.HIGHLIGHTSGender role attitudes (GRA) become more conservative once one becomes a parent.Progressive prenatal GRA and traditional postnatal settings are key determinants.Cognitive dissonance and changes in gender identity are two potential mechanisms.Results suggest that traditional institutions can foster conservative GRA.More childcare services, paternity leaves, and part-time work for men are needed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 194-220
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2081352
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2081352
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# input file: RFEC_A_2080854_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Emmanuel Orkoh
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Orkoh
Author-Name: Carike Claassen
Author-X-Name-First: Carike
Author-X-Name-Last: Claassen
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Title: Poverty and Intrahousehold Gender Inequality in Time Use in Ghana
Abstract: 
 How gender-based differences in time spent on household and labor-market activities affect men’s and women’s well-being is of growing interest to economists and policymakers. In many countries, women perform more unpaid work than men and have fewer opportunities to lift themselves out of poverty through education and training. This article analyzes the relationship between poverty and gender inequality in time use among monogamous couples in Ghana. A key finding is that women in poor households face heterogeneous levels of inequality in time use, depending on the type of activity, inequality in time use, and characteristics of the household. The study highlights the importance of devising gender-aware policies and altering entrenched cultural stereotypes, thereby helping to reduce inequality between men and women. This should afford more women the opportunity to play a more productive and economically meaningful role in the formal labor market.HIGHLIGHTSIn Ghana, poor households face significantly higher gender inequality in time use compared to rich households.Levels of time-use inequality for poor women vary in relation to activity and household characteristics.Policies should prioritize reducing poverty to alleviate intrahousehold inequality.Gender-aware policies should address norms that impede women’s labor market participation and autonomous time allocation.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 221-253
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2080854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2080854
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# input file: RFEC_A_2078852_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Miriam Marcén
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcén
Author-Name: Marina Morales
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Morales
Title: Gender Division of Household Labor in the United States: How Does Culture Operate?
Abstract: 
 This article examines the ways in which culture plays a role in the gender division of household labor. To explore this issue, the study uses data on early-arrival first- and second-generation immigrants living in the United States who have a married/unmarried partner present in the household. Because all of these individuals have grown up under the same laws, institutions, and economic conditions that prevail in the US, the differences between them in the gender division of housework may be attributed to cultural differences in their countries of ancestry. The study finds that the stronger the culture of gender equality in the country of ancestry, the greater the equality in immigrants’ current division of housework. This result is maintained when considering both housework and childcare as household labor. This work is extended by examining how culture operates and is transmitted, and whether culture may influence the work–life balance.HIGHLIGHTS
Cultural norms in the country of origin determine allocation of household tasks for immigrants in the host country.More gender-equal norms are associated with a lower gender gap in housework time.Culture affects how and when housework is performed in family life, impacting couples’ work–life balance.Policies aimed at transforming gender norms can help to achieve gender equality.

Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 166-193
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2078852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2078852
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# input file: RFEC_A_2056224_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Nicola Daniele Coniglio
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniele Coniglio
Author-Name: Rezart Hoxhaj
Author-X-Name-First: Rezart
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoxhaj
Title: Heterogeneous Firms in International Markets and Gender Inequalities: New Evidence from Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Recent contributions in international economics have highlighted structural differences between firms actively participating in global markets and firms mostly operating in the domestic economy. Using firm-level data from Vietnam, this study found that foreign and domestic firms with global ties – exporters, multinational enterprises (MNEs), and domestic firms belonging to global value chains (GVCs) – play an important role in reducing gendered differences in employment opportunities in the formal sector, in particular for low-skilled women workers. Women workers are more likely than men workers to be employed in low-wage firms, but this gender gap is lower in MNEs, in particular those belonging to GVCs. This study provides evidence of important within-sector heterogeneity not only based on firms’ ownership but also on the intensity of participation in GVCs.HIGHLIGHTS
Global economic interactions can shape gender inequalities in the labor markets of developing countries.In Vietnam, firms with complex global networks promote a more gender-balanced development trajectory.Foreign and domestic firms participating in global value chains boost employment opportunities but mostly for low-skilled women.Firms’ participation in international markets has limited effects on the reduction of gender inequality in wages.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2056224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2056224
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# input file: RFEC_A_2079698_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Danusha Jayawardana
Author-X-Name-First: Danusha
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayawardana
Title: Happily Ever After? Mental Health Effects of Early Marriage in Indonesia
Abstract: 
 Early marriage is a manifestation of gender discrimination against girls, leading to adverse consequences on their well-being. This article contributes to the literature by examining the effects of early marriage on the mental well-being of women – an area often overlooked in research. Using nationally representative longitudinal data from Indonesia and applying difference-in-differences regression model with fixed-effects, this study finds that marrying early, particularly by the age of 18 years, has a strong negative impact on women’s mental health. Specifically, women who marry early are 9.6 percentage points more likely to be depressed. It further finds that a one-year delay in marriage decreases the likelihood of women having depression by approximately four percent of the mean. These findings add to the evidence of adverse health effects of early marriage and provide a rationale for policy interventions implemented toward eradicating it.HIGHLIGHTS
Marrying early, particularly by age 18, has adverse effects on women’s mental health.In Indonesia, women who married early are more likely to be depressed than women who married later.Restricted labor market mobility and poor physical health are potential mechanisms.Policy interventions must move toward eradicating early marriage.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 112-136
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2079698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2079698
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# input file: RFEC_A_2060518_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mavzuna R. Turaeva
Author-X-Name-First: Mavzuna R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turaeva
Author-Name: Charles M. Becker
Author-X-Name-First: Charles M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Becker
Title: Daughters-In-Law and Domestic Violence: Patrilocal Marriage in Tajikistan
Abstract: 
 Patrilocal marriage – living in the husband’s natal household – affects Central Asian women and their choices in family planning, labor force participation, and human capital investment. While anthropological evidence suggests that elder household members play a key role in the lives of junior women, empirical studies are scarce. This study uses Tajikistan’s 2012 Demographic and Health Survey (TJDHS) to explore the link between domestic violence and the living arrangements of daughters-in-law (DILs). Controlling on observables, propensity score matching (PSM) generates a positive treatment effect: women living with in-laws are far more likely to experience emotional abuse by their husbands. Treatment effects do not emerge between physical violence and in-laws’ presence. Results show that these DILs are about 3.6 times more likely than those living in nuclear households to experience emotional abuse regardless of the presence of the father-in-law, leading to the conclusion that responsibility can be plausibly ascribed to the mother-in-law.HIGHLIGHTS
Domestic violence in three-generational households is an understudied issue.Patrilocal marriages whereby women live with parents-in-law are common in Central Asia.Women residing patrilocally may have limited ability to make independent choices.Tajik women living with parents-in-law are more likely to endure emotional abuse.A mother-in-law’s presence is linked to a higher level of emotional abuse in a Tajik household.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 60-88
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2060518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2060518
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# input file: RFEC_A_2078499_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mona Said
Author-X-Name-First: Mona
Author-X-Name-Last: Said
Author-Name: Mahdi Majbouri
Author-X-Name-First: Mahdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Majbouri
Author-Name: Ghada Barsoum
Author-X-Name-First: Ghada
Author-X-Name-Last: Barsoum
Title: Sticky Floors and Glass Ceilings: Gender Wage Gap in Egypt
Abstract: 
 The fact that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the lowest labor force participation rate for women in the world has been extensively studied, but discrimination in pay against working women has received considerably less attention. Using recently available datasets, this study examines the distribution of wages (inequality) across men and women employed in the public versus the private sector in Egypt. The analysis shows that because working women tend to be more educated than working men, the gender wage gap would have been larger if women had the same endowments. Quantile regressions and recentered influence functions show that the gender wage gap is wide at the top of the distribution, primarily in the public sector, which is a sign of a glass ceiling. The gap is also wider at the bottom of the wage distribution in the private sector, a sign of sticky floors.HIGHLIGHTS
The Egyptian public sector has a relatively equitable gender wage structure, except for the top jobs.The gender wage gap is much larger in Egypt’s private sector for the low paid.Since lower-educated women often do not work, the gender pay discrimination in Egypt might be even greater than observed.Policy interventions are needed to prepare women for leadership positions and to increase their promotion opportunities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 137-165
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2078499
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# input file: RFEC_A_2100445_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Maria S. Floro
Author-X-Name-First: Maria S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Floro
Title: A Woman Who Did Not Wait: Louise Odencrantz and Her Fight for the Common Good
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 285-290
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2100445
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# input file: RFEC_A_2079697_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Simon Manda
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Manda
Title: Sugarcane Commercialization and Gender Experiences in the Zambian “Sweetest Town”
Abstract: 
 This article explores how sugarcane commercialization impacts gender relations, and processes that shape them, using two differently structured outgrower schemes – a settlement scheme and an European Union-driven block farm in southern Zambia. Results show gendered impacts across the schemes are complex and are shaped by diverse cultural arrangements as micro-processes. Intrahousehold patterns of decision making, land, and labor dynamics reveal that changing the structure, organization, and integration of outgrower schemes does not necessarily make them responsive to strategic gender needs. Further, these processes are insufficient in altering pre-existing sociocultural imbalances. Consequently, even where schemes are intentional about being inclusive, they are likely to replicate structural inequalities and fail to engender transformational changes among participants. This article raises the need to address the politics of land and labor relations, and their implications for different social groups within their cultural-historical context.HIGHLIGHTS
Gendered impacts of commercial agriculture reflect market and nonmarket dynamics.Schemes amplify preexisting inequalities despite being intentional on inclusivity.Land ownership shapes women’s responses and political reactions in schemes.Inheritance patterns may address land inequalities but more needs to be done.Addressing strategic gender needs requires market and nonmarket interventions.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 254-284
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2079697
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# input file: RFEC_A_2057565_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jinwoo Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jinwoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: The Gendered Outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea
Abstract: 
 Although South Korea is well-known for its aggressive response to COVID-19, little is known about how the risk of infection manifests differently by gender. Using real-time data on confirmed cases, this study empirically examines the gendered outbreak of COVID-19 driven by occupational segregation in South Korea. It investigates gender differences in risk of work-related exposure, particularly for those jobs where essential activities are conducted, such as in the healthcare sector, and that are dominated by women. The results from the multinomial logit model confirm that women have a higher risk of workplace exposure than men, particularly in pink-collar and care jobs. The findings emphasize the need for a gender-aware perspective to policy measures advanced during the pandemic and recovery.HIGHLIGHTS
Gender is an important factor for determining infection risks of COVID-19 in workplaces.In South Korea’s gender-segregated labor markets, women have higher exposure to infection than men.Women typically occupy jobs in the healthcare and welfare sectors that require frequent interpersonal interaction.They are also underrepresented in occupations with the ability to telecommute.Policy measures must include gender-aware responses and address inequality during the pandemic and recovery.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 89-111
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2057565
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# input file: RFEC_A_2101680_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Katrina Kosec
Author-X-Name-First: Katrina
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosec
Author-Name: Jie Song
Author-X-Name-First: Jie
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Hongdi Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Hongdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Brian Holtemeyer
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Holtemeyer
Title: The Gendered Impacts of Income Fluctuations on Household Departure, Labor Supply, and Human Capital Decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Abstract: 
 How do fluctuations in income affect labor supply decisions, and how do their effects differ by gender? This study analyzes data from a thirteen-year rolling panel in Kyrgyzstan spanning 2004–16. It addresses the endogeneity of fluctuations in income to labor supply decisions by employing shift share instruments that exploit region-level changes over time in growth rates of different sources of revenue and production costs. Estimating a household fixed effects model, the study finds that reductions in income relative to the median spur departure from the household (for example, due to migration), with smaller impacts on women than men. However, women’s labor supply at the origin is affected significantly more, with short-term increases in hours of employment and declines in home production and other activities. Reductions in income also fuel temporary migration for both genders, with larger effects for men, and widen the gender gap in pursuit of non-compulsory education.HIGHLIGHTS
Declines in income spur household departure, with larger impacts on men than women.Women are not always “left behind” following shocks; like men, they respond through changes in labor supply and livelihood decisions.At the origin, women face significantly greater increases in workloads than do men.Declines in income widen the gender gap in pursuit of non-compulsory education, favoring men.Policies that support women’s ability to control income can promote domestic work sharing and ensure income generation empowers women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 205-235
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2101680
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# input file: RFEC_A_2105375_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Eunice Han
Author-X-Name-First: Eunice
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Title: The Gendered Effects of Teachers’ Unions on Teacher Attrition: Evidence from District–Teacher Matched Data in the US
Abstract: 
 This study examines how teachers' unions differently affect teacher attrition by gender, relying on nationally representative, district–teacher matched data from the United States. To identify union effects, the article employs a multilevel linear model and exploits natural experiments. Results find that teachers' unions reduce teacher attrition and that the union effects greatly differ by teacher gender and teaching subject. The study also finds that the changes in legal institutions restricting the collective bargaining of teachers significantly raise teacher attrition, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects.HIGHLIGHTS
Teachers' unions help districts deal with teacher shortage problems by reducing attrition of their teachers.Union effects are greater for men STEM teachers than for non-STEM men teachers; the pattern is the opposite for women teachers.Because teaching is dominated by women, districts with higher union membership may imply more room for women's voices.Legal changes that undermine teachers' unions are likely to result in deteriorating employment conditions and, ultimately, poor educational outcomes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 141-173
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2105375
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# input file: RFEC_A_2082510_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kiera Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kiera
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: Stephanie Spaid Miedema
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Spaid Miedema
Author-Name: Ruchira Tabassum Naved
Author-X-Name-First: Ruchira Tabassum
Author-X-Name-Last: Naved
Author-Name: Kathryn M. Yount
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yount
Title: Beyond Girls’ Education: Pathways to Women’s Post-Marital Education in Matlab, Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 Globally, expanding women’s educational opportunities is promoted as an effective strategy for their empowerment. While women’s access to education in Bangladesh has increased in recent years, little is known about their participation in educational activities after marriage. Historically, local gender norms expect women to marry at an early age, perform domestic labor, and discontinue educational activities in adulthood. In this study, twenty-four married women and twenty-five married men ages 15–49 were interviewed about women’s experiences with post-marital education in Matlab. Results showed that husbands and wives acted within the bounds of persistent, classic patriarchal norms to seek or inhibit access to education within marriage. Despite increases in women’s primary and secondary school graduation rates in Bangladesh, this study suggests that women still face barriers to access to educational opportunities and understanding these limitations is crucial to advancing women’s pathways to economic and overall empowerment in Bangladesh.HIGHLIGHTS
Married women encounter numerous barriers to education in Matlab, Bangladesh.Married couples strategize to negotiate wives’ aspiration to pursue education.Married men view wives’ post-marital education unfavorably as a means to employment.Women self-restrict education, considering lack of social and familial endorsement.Engaging husbands in research and programs to advance women’s education is needed.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 38-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2082510
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# input file: RFEC_A_2128198_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jane Humphries
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphries
Author-Name: Ryah Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Ryah
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Title: ‘The Best Job in the World’: Breadwinning and the Capture of Household Labor in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century British Coalmining
Abstract: 
 This article explores the effects of gender inequality and women's disempowerment in the context of historical coalmining. Across the United States and Europe, ex-coalmining regions are characterized by significant deprivation. While there are many reasons for persistent problems, this study focuses on the restrictions imposed on women's involvement in economic life. Families in mining communities exemplified the male breadwinner structure, in which men's earnings supported wives and children who provided domestic services in return. Using evidence from Britain, this article exposes a different reality of household economics characterized by dominance and subordination: All family members were integrated into the coalmining production process and the creation of profit. Women's unpaid work did not simply provide domestic comfort; it transferred well-being from women and children to men and simultaneously contributed to the colliery companies’ profits. These findings revise accounts of mining families while explaining the intransigence of deprivation in ex-coalmining areas.HIGHLIGHTS
Women's disempowerment in historical mining communities had adverse effects that persist today.Pit women's labor propped up profits and wages and discouraged infrastructure investment.Breadwinning secured increased leisure time and higher income for men not women.Hours and incomes of “double shift”” factory women compare favorably to pit women.Regeneration must confront the gendered identities embedded in ex-mining communities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 97-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2128198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2128198
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# input file: RFEC_A_2084559_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Fiona Carmichael
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Carmichael
Author-Name: Christian Darko
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Darko
Author-Name: Shireen Kanji
Author-X-Name-First: Shireen
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanji
Author-Name: Nicholas Vasilakos
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilakos
Title: The Contribution of Girls’ Longer Hours in Unpaid Work to Gender Gaps in Early Adult Employment: Evidence from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Across many countries, girls perform more unpaid work than boys. This article shows how the time young women and girls spend in unpaid household work contributes to the gender pay gap that is already evident by age 22. The study analyzes employment participation, type of employment, and wages using five waves of the Young Lives longitudinal survey for Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Spending longer hours in unpaid household work in adolescence positively predicts later employment participation but has a scarring effect in negatively predicting job quality (that is a job with a private or public organization) and hourly earnings, particularly for women. Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions of the gender wage gap show young women’s penalty for past household work is due to longer hours of such work rather than a higher penalty for women for a given amount of unpaid work.HIGHLIGHTS
Participation in unpaid household work and paid work is gendered from a young age.Time in unpaid household work as children impacts young adults’ employment.Time in household work in adolescence is linked to lower job quality in adulthood.Girls’ longer hours in household work contribute to the gender wage gap.Girls spend less time than boys in play or leisure at all ages.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2084559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2084559
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# input file: RFEC_A_2100444_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Marie Hyland
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hyland
Author-Name: Asif M. Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Asif M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Author-Name: Silvia Muzi
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Muzi
Title: Firms’ Behavior Under Discriminatory Laws and Women’s Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Abstract: 
 This article contributes to better understanding firms’ behavior in the presence of gender discriminatory laws and its linkages with labor market outcomes for women in a developing country setting. Using data collected through the World Bank Enterprise Surveys in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the study documents the existence of nonnegligible employer discrimination in the presence of discriminatory laws. Interestingly, discriminatory behaviors, and the related limitations in women’s autonomy, are more pervasive outside the capital city, Kinshasa, which suggests that differences in enforcement and social norms may be at play. The study also finds that, in those firms that do not enforce discriminatory laws, women benefit from better labor market outcomes, in terms of their representation among the upper echelons of management and their participation in the overall workforce. The positive relationship between nondiscriminatory behaviors and female employment is particularly strong in the manufacturing sector.HIGHLIGHTS
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, discriminatory laws are linked to employer discrimination against women.Firms do not follow these laws uniformly, with enforcement varying by geography and type of law.This important nuance helps uncover the interaction between national laws and local norms.Firms that do not impose discriminatory laws have more women employees and managers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 70-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2100444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2100444
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# input file: RFEC_A_2118342_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Margaret E. Blume-Kohout
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blume-Kohout
Title: The Affordable Care Act and Women’s Self-Employment in the United States
Abstract: 
 The United States’ Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 improved and expanded availability of non-group health insurance. Previous studies have shown that women in the US workforce value health insurance more highly than men do. Because prior to the ACA self-employed individuals did not have guaranteed access to affordable health insurance coverage, women’s relatively lower rate of self-employment may partly have reflected their greater “job lock” due to employer-based health insurance. This article employs nationally representative survey data for 2009–18 and a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference modeling approach and finds that unmarried women’s probability of self-employment increased by 1.2 percentage points in 2015–18, after the ACA’s expansion of non-group health insurance came into effect. Among women who have never married, overall probability of self-employment increased by 1.2–1.5 percentage points versus trend, and the probability of transitioning into full-time self-employment increased by 0.9 percentage points.HIGHLIGHTS
In the US, unmarried women are less likely than men to be self-employed.The Affordable Care Act improved access to non-employer-based health insurance, reducing the cost of leaving jobs.As a result, from 2015–2018, unmarried women were increasingly drawn to self-employment.The ACA’s expansion of health insurance thus provides important economic benefits beyond healthcare access.

Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 174-204
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2118342
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2118342
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# input file: RFEC_A_2108550_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Almudena Sevilla
Author-X-Name-First: Almudena
Author-X-Name-Last: Sevilla
Author-Name: Marina Della Giusta
Author-X-Name-First: Marina Della
Author-X-Name-Last: Giusta
Title: Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 301-305
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2108550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2108550
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# input file: RFEC_A_2120206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Els Lecoutere
Author-X-Name-First: Els
Author-X-Name-Last: Lecoutere
Author-Name: Bjorn Van Campenhout
Author-X-Name-First: Bjorn
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Campenhout
Title: Joint Forces: The Impact of Intrahousehold Cooperation on Welfare in East African Agricultural Households
Abstract: 
 In low- and middle-income countries, poor cooperation between members of smallholder agricultural households may lead to inefficient allocation of productive resources. This study estimates the causal mediating effects of cooperation between spouses on household welfare and public goods provision in Ugandan and Tanzanian monogamous smallholder coffee farming households. The random encouragement to participate in an intensive training program coaching couples in farming as a household enterprise and participatory intrahousehold decision making, which stimulates cooperation and, in turn, household welfare and public goods provision, enables estimating causal mediating effects while avoiding challenges of endogeneity. Spousal cooperation has positive mediating effects on household welfare, measured by total household income per capita and food security, and on household public goods provision, measured by the adoption intensity of agronomic practices and use of improved seed for food crops. Spousal cooperation has larger effects on total household income per capita with longer duration of marriage.HIGHLIGHTS
In Uganda and Tanzania, the Gender Household Approach program aims to improve gender relations by promoting spousal cooperation.Participatory decision making implies strengthening women’s voice and ability to include their claims in a household.GHA presents a concept of women’s empowerment that avoids backlash by promoting shared control of resources and agency.Programs that promote spousal cooperation can improve the welfare and public goods provision of agricultural households.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 266-297
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2120206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2120206
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# input file: RFEC_A_2108549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jayati Ghosh
Author-X-Name-First: Jayati
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh
Title: The Rise and Decline of Patriarchal Systems: An Intersectional Political Economy
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 298-301
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2108549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2108549
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# input file: RFEC_A_2123950_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jennifer Cohen
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen
Title: Precarity of Subsistence: Social Reproduction Among South African Nurses
Abstract: 
 The concept of precarity extends beyond insecure wage work into the conditions of social reproduction: supporting dependents can expose even securely employed, relatively well-paid workers to precarity. Qualitative data from public hospital nurses in Johannesburg reveal how responsibility for social reproduction can contribute to precarity among women in some contexts. This study maps nurses’ household networks to obtain a conservative estimate of dependency. Excerpts from interviews demonstrate how responsibilities are converted into precarity through household networks across different marital statuses, household structures, and ages.HIGHLIGHTS
Securely employed, professional women may have precarious lives.Familial dependency can induce precarity among black women employed in nursing in South Africa.South African nurses were distressed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.Gendered value systems and norms contribute to precarious subsistence.Universal basic income could mitigate micro-level crises of social reproduction.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 236-265
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2123950
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2123950
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# input file: RFEC_A_2174566_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Valerie Mueller
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller
Author-Name: Karen Grépin
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Grépin
Author-Name: Atonu Rabbani
Author-X-Name-First: Atonu
Author-X-Name-Last: Rabbani
Author-Name: Anne Ngunjiri
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngunjiri
Author-Name: Amy Oyekunle
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyekunle
Author-Name: Clare Wenham
Author-X-Name-First: Clare
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenham
Title: Domestic Burdens Amid Covid-19 and Women’s Mental Health in Middle-Income Africa
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes two longitudinal datasets (October – December 2020; April 2021) of 1,000 and 900 women in Kenya and Nigeria, respectively, alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with women at risk of changes to time use, to study two pandemic issues: women’s substitution of paid for unpaid work and how these shifts compromise their mental health. Women devote more time to domestic care (30–38 percent), less time to employment (29–46 percent), and become unemployed (12–17 percent). A rise in domestic work is correlated with depressive (Nigeria) and anxiety symptoms (Kenya and Nigeria). Women with greater agency (Kenya) and fewer children (Nigeria) are less likely to report a domestic burden or loss in paid activities. Social protection programs may fill the void of assistance traditionally provided by informal networks in the short term, while campaigns shifting norms around household work may preserve women’s economic participation in the long term.HIGHLIGHTS
Women in Kenya and Nigeria reported increases in domestic labor amid the pandemic.Women’s agency is negatively associated with the domestic burden and a reduction in paid activities in Kenya.Women in households with two or more children face greater domestic burdens and losses in paid activities in Nigeria.Increases in domestic work render women more likely to be anxious (Kenya and Nigeria) and depressed (Nigeria).
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 192-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2174566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2174566
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# input file: RFEC_A_2120205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Vamsi Vakulabharanam
Author-X-Name-First: Vamsi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vakulabharanam
Author-Name: Sripad Motiram
Author-X-Name-First: Sripad
Author-X-Name-Last: Motiram
Title: Gender and Work Patterns in Indian Cities: A Socio-Spatial Analysis
Abstract: 
 Using an original household survey conducted in Hyderabad and Mumbai that identifies intra-city spatial coordinates of residents, this study presents a socio-spatial analysis of gender and paid work. The results show that the ease of movement through the city, allocation of care work-related considerations and educational attainment are all crucial to understanding the labor force participation patterns of urban women in India. A gender lens identifies key facets of access and mobility characterizing urbanization in developing countries. Spatial heterogeneity of residence has very different outcomes for the labor force participation of women and men.HIGHLIGHTS
Gender and city geographies mutually shape each other.Women’s labor force participation varies across and within Indian cities; men’s labor force participation is nearly uniform.Women’s paid work is higher in cities that have women-friendly transportation.Women’s paid work is higher in sub-city zones with superior transportation facilities for all.Policies that ease care or commuting burdens improve women’s participation in the labor force.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 64-95
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2120205
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2120205
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# input file: RFEC_A_2116070_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yolanda Hernández-Albújar
Author-X-Name-First: Yolanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández-Albújar
Author-Name: Gemma Sáez
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma
Author-X-Name-Last: Sáez
Author-Name: Marta Garrido-Macías
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrido-Macías
Title: The Impact of Household Labor Distribution on Domestic Conflicts During Covid-19 Confinement Orders in Spain and Italy
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns that started in March 2020 have sparked an increase in domestic labor in many families across the globe. This study focuses on gender differences in the distribution of domestic housework and childcare, as well as how they have impacted couples’ conflicts during confinement, in the context of Spain and Italy. It employs a sequential mixed-methods approach in which a quantitative survey was followed by qualitative in-depth interviews. The results of the quantitative study (N = 447) showed that, for women, total household labor performed during confinement led to the perception of an unequal household distribution, which impacted couples’ conflicts. In-depth interviews with participants from both countries confirmed the quantitative findings and allowed a nuanced understanding of how conflict negotiations evolved during the confinement. The results provide a comprehensive view of how the pandemic may have worsened women’s situation in the household.HIGHLIGHTS
Pandemic lockdowns intensified the already unequal distribution of housework in households in Spain and Italy.Women disproportionally spent more hours on childcare and household chores during confinement.Traditional gender norms shaped women’s and men’s perceptions of unfairness in terms of division of housework.Gender norms also limited women’s bargaining power and shaped couples’ conflict and negotiation strategies.Policies should aim to alleviate intrahousehold inequality to achieve better work–life balance for women.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 129-153
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2116070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2116070
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# input file: RFEC_A_2125167_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Edvin Zhllima
Author-X-Name-First: Edvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhllima
Author-Name: Dorina Pojani
Author-X-Name-First: Dorina
Author-X-Name-Last: Pojani
Author-Name: Elvina Merkaj
Author-X-Name-First: Elvina
Author-X-Name-Last: Merkaj
Author-Name: Drini Imami
Author-X-Name-First: Drini
Author-X-Name-Last: Imami
Title: Unlanded Class: Albania's Gender Gaps in Land Ownership and Inheritance
Abstract: 
 This study investigates gender gaps in access to land ownership and land inheritance in Albanian rural areas by combining a large-scale survey and five in-depth focus groups discussions. The article considers three sets of variables: place-based characteristics; family characteristics; and individual characteristics. Results find that rural societies lack awareness around legal property rights, undermine the confidence of women in myriad ways, and continue to rely on customary laws. Current inequalities are placed in the context of Albania's entrenched patriarchal system. Culture and tradition are as important as, if not more important than, legal frameworks surrounding land ownership and inheritance. The findings bring intersectionality issues into high relief: where patriarchy is combined with poverty, gender inequality is exacerbated. Findings call for a more holistic approach that combines efforts to improve legal literacy, raise awareness among all genders, and alleviate poverty for boosting women's inclusion in the economy.HIGHLIGHTS
In Albania, patriarchal customary laws disfavor women when it comes to property ownership, inheritance, and decision making.Women in rural societies, in particular, rely on custom and have low awareness of their legal property rights.Women who are more informed about formal laws view themselves as more equal to men.Where patriarchy is combined with poverty, gender inequality is exacerbated.Education and legal literacy are key to overcoming entrenched patriarchy and fostering women’s empowerment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 32-63
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2125167
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2125167
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# input file: RFEC_A_2168025_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Pareena Gupta Lawrence
Author-X-Name-First: Pareena Gupta
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence
Author-Name: Catherine Hensly
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Hensly
Title: Gender-Based Policies and the Role of Patriarchal Norms: Evidence from Northern India
Abstract: 
 Gender-based seat reservation policies are designed to promote gender parity in political representation by overcoming patriarchal social structures. But laws and policy are created by, and exist within, presiding social structures. These existing structures may undermine the efficacy of such policies, especially in regions where strong patriarchal norms persist. This study examines this phenomenon through a case study of the Panchayat Act in two neighboring states in northern India – Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Using primary data from structured interviews conducted over 2007–09, the article contends that the policy is more effective in empowering women leaders in regions where restrictive patriarchal norms are less entrenched. In parts where patriarchal norms are more persistent, the policy achieves comparatively limited success. Thus, gender-based policies must actively address attitudes and systems perpetuating inequality in addition to providing the necessary legal basis for representation to be substantively effective.HIGHLIGHTS
In India, gender quotas aim to promote equity in political representation and offset patriarchy.Yet, longstanding patriarchal norms and cultural expectations of how women behave in the public sphere subvert policy reforms.In Indian states with greater degrees of patriarchy, women had little awareness of their legal protections.Gender quotas are more effective when combined with efforts to address the attitudes and systems perpetuating inequality.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 252-278
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2168025
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2168025
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# input file: RFEC_A_2159056_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Elin Vimefall
Author-X-Name-First: Elin
Author-X-Name-Last: Vimefall
Author-Name: Jörgen Levin
Author-X-Name-First: Jörgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Levin
Title: Income Diversification Among Farming Households Headed by Women in Rural Kenya
Abstract: 
 This article discusses barriers to women’s economic empowerment and opportunities for households headed by women to diversify incomes in the rural parts of Kenya. The study analyzes the full range of income-generating activities at the household level and also accounts for the different types of female-headed households, each of which face different constraints. The findings show that not only do female-headed households diversify and combine their incomes differently than male-headed households but also that there are differences among different groups of female-headed households.HIGHLIGHTS
Increasing women’s economic empowerment requires identifying barriers to and facilitators of women’s opportunities to diversify income.In rural Kenya, female-headed households (FHHs) are heterogeneous when it comes to how they diversify their incomes.FHHs in rural Kenya are more reliant on income from transfers than male-headed households.FHHs receive a smaller share of their earned income from the nonagricultural sector.FHHs are more dependent on work on own farm than MHHs.It is important for future research to account for all types of FHHs.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 219-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2159056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2159056
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# input file: RFEC_A_2157856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Manuel García Dellacasa
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel García
Author-X-Name-Last: Dellacasa
Title: Residential Segregation and Women’s Labor Market Participation: The Case of Santiago De Chile
Abstract: 
 Women’s labor market participation in Chile ranks among the lowest in Latin America. In a country where over 90 percent of the population lives in segregated cities, where employment opportunities cluster in affluent neighborhoods, residential sorting has surprisingly been neglected as an explanatory factor. This article addresses this omission by calculating the effects of residential segregation on labor market participation among less-educated caregivers. Using an OLS fixed effects model, the study finds that segregation entails adverse spatial mismatch effects on labor market participation. No other sub-population is affected in this manner. Hence, residential segregation contributes to the consolidation of three types of inequalities. First, it reproduces gendered inequalities within less-educated households. Second, in the context of increasing labor market participation among more-educated women, residential segregation further increases inequalities between low-income and affluent households. Finally, it deepens geographical inequalities between marginalized and non-marginalized households.HIGHLIGHTS
Residential segregation has excluded less-educated caregiving women from paid work.Less-educated communities reside in regions with low job density.A spatial mismatch is a gendered phenomenon insofar as mobility is gendered.Segregation does not affect men’s or more-educated women’s labor force participation.Segregation aggravates economic, geographic, and gender inequalities.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 96-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2157856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2157856
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# input file: RFEC_A_2174567_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Duc Hong Vo
Author-X-Name-First: Duc Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Vo
Author-Name: Chi Minh Ho
Author-X-Name-First: Chi Minh
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho
Title: Determinants of Wealth Outcomes in Female-Headed Households in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This article uses data from the 2014 Vietnamese Household Living Standards Survey to compare the wealth outcome of Vietnamese female-headed households (FHH) to that of their male counterparts. The study takes an open position on the possible link between being a female head of the household and economic outcomes, focusing on heterogeneity among FHHs. The findings confirm that Vietnam has a small but significant group of married FHHs who have relatively high wealth, which makes the average wealth outcome of FHHs higher than that of male-headed households. The findings disagree with the view that these Vietnamese FHHs all have relatively privileged or advantageous economic conditions. In addition, the study confirms that land ownership, which is considered to play a key role in explaining the relatively strong wealth outcomes, is a distinguishing characteristic of married Vietnamese FHHs.HIGHLIGHTS
Investigating the wealth outcomes of female-headed households (FHHs) in Vietnam reveals a heterogeneity of economic circumstances.FHHs are wealthier than male-headed households at upper quantiles of the household net worth.Not all Vietnamese female household heads who are married have high wealth.Wealth in FHHs is sensitive to household size, education, age, and wages.Land ownership plays a key role in explaining wealth outcomes of married FHHs.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 154-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2174567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2174567
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# input file: RFEC_A_2128199_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nabamallika Dehingia
Author-X-Name-First: Nabamallika
Author-X-Name-Last: Dehingia
Author-Name: Jeni Klugman
Author-X-Name-First: Jeni
Author-X-Name-Last: Klugman
Author-Name: Elena Ortiz
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz
Author-Name: Anita Raj
Author-X-Name-First: Anita
Author-X-Name-Last: Raj
Title: Race/Ethnicity and Sex Differences in Attitudes Toward Policies for Gender Equality in the United States
Abstract: 
 This study examines whether intersecting identities of race/ethnicity and sex are associated with attitudes toward gender equality policies, using online survey data from a representative sample in the United States carried out in August 2020. Participants (N = 2,443) were categorized as White Male, Black Male, Hispanic Male, White Female, Black Female, and Hispanic Female. Findings reveal that women across racial/ethnic groups and minority men, as compared to White men, have more egalitarian views on the importance of gender equality in policy and politics. While there is general support for women in political leadership, the race/ethnicity by sex differences in attitudes related to gender equality in employment are larger. These findings update and extend prior research on sex differences in gender equality attitudes, including highlighting the presence of a sex and race/ethnicity interaction.HIGHLIGHTS
Attitudes are drivers of change when it comes to gender equality.In the US, there is majority support for gender equality, albeit with key gaps by race/ethnicity and sex.Women are more likely than men to hold egalitarian views.Men are more attached to traditional family roles for women, regardless of race.All men tend to relatively gain from patriarchal norms around paid and unpaid work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-31
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2022.2128199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2022.2128199
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# input file: RFEC_A_2213709_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Susana Martínez-Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Rodríguez
Author-Name: Laura Lopez-Gomez
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gomez
Title: Gender Differential and Financial Inclusion: Women Shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano in Spain (1922–35)
Abstract: 
 This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from investing in shares. The main cause of the large share of women shareholders is kinship with other shareholders. The findings also highlight the importance of inheritance regimes that treat all siblings equally, regardless of sex, to access parents’ wealth to reduce the wealth gap. Finally, the study highlights how historical cases may contribute to current debates on how women gain and retain wealth through access to financial assets.HIGHLIGHTS
Historical narratives unearth the roots of contemporary financial gender inequality in an effort to narrow the gender gap.The case of the Banco Hispano Americano in Spain highlights effective strategies for promoting women’s financial inclusion.Egalitarian inheritance regimes facilitate women’s access to financial wealth.Urban areas increase women’s agency through access to financial information.Financial assets may secure women’s well-being when other support is lacking.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 225-252
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2213709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2213709
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# input file: RFEC_A_2184844_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Carol Cohn
Author-X-Name-First: Carol
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohn
Author-Name: Claire Duncanson
Author-X-Name-First: Claire
Author-X-Name-Last: Duncanson
Title: Critical Feminist Engagements with Green New Deals
Abstract: 
 In the current context of unprecedented and interconnected ecological and inequalities crises, many in the Global North are hitching their hopes onto Green New Deals (GNDs). This article argues that feminist analysis is crucial for exposing the flaws in GNDs, and that different kinds of feminist questioning lead to different kinds of policy responses, with very different scales of potential transformative impact. In order to transform the structures and root causes underlying the interconnected crises, it is necessary to go beyond feminist demands for the inclusion of diverse women and for gender equality and rely more on feminism as an analytical tool: a way of asking questions that denaturalize received wisdom and that make visible the ways in which gendered meanings play a formative role in shaping the concepts and paradigms that constitute knowledge of our world.HIGHLIGHTS
Intersecting global crises impel the question, “what should the goal of economic life be?”Many climate “solutions” embed the same faulty ways of thinking that caused the crisis.Clean energy for the Global North spells toxic tolls for the Global South.GNDs neglect militarism, despite its key role in driving the climate crisis.GNDs remain rooted in a mindset that separates humanity from nature and will thus fail.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 15-39
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2184844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2184844
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# input file: RFEC_A_2213725_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thomas Scheiding
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheiding
Title: Empowering Women Economists at the American Economic Association Through the Development of the Publication Job Openings for Economists
Abstract: 
 In the late 1960s, the American Economic Association (AEA) began to address the concerns of the marginalized in the profession with the publication of Job Openings for Economists. Women economists, empowered by the mass women's liberation movement at the time, formed a committee within the AEA to press for equal opportunity and greater access to the job market. This committee focused their early efforts on reforming the labor market with one of the key activities being the creation of a job vacancy publication. The consequence of having a job vacancy publication was the establishment of a path whereby newly trained women economists were made aware of opportunities and the existing informal hiring system was gradually relied upon less. Women economists played an important role in the establishment, legitimization, and broader acceptance of a job vacancy publication that helped to further empower women and other marginalized economists.HIGHLIGHTS
Women pursued equal opportunity in economics via reforms to employment-search practices.Published vacancies achieved a greater representation of women in the labor market by formalizing aspects of the labor market.The publication of job vacancies was only a first step to creating an inclusive environment for women.Not all marginalized groups saw their path to acceptance within economics paved by labor market reform.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 199-224
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2213725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2213725
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# input file: RFEC_A_2210586_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Natascia Boeri
Author-X-Name-First: Natascia
Author-X-Name-Last: Boeri
Title: Informal Work and the Appropriation of Social Reproduction in Home-Based Work in India
Abstract: 
 Home-based work is among the largest forms of employment in the informal economy in India and is overwhelmingly represented by women. Employing a social reproduction framework that reframes what is counted as labor, this article asks how women’s unpaid work activities are appropriated as labor in subcontracted home-based work. Applying this analytical framework, it becomes clear that domestic work in the home, often completed by women, is needed and exploited in this production process as a result of gendered constructs of care. The contribution considers how unpaid work is directly appropriated by capital as surplus value. The context of informal work is key here because of the irregular and fragmented production process, the space where work occurs, and the use of unpaid family workers. The goal of this research is to offer empirical evidence that broadens analytical perspectives to account for the context of informality in the Global South.HIGHLIGHTS
Subcontracted home-based work in India relies on a gendered, fragmented, and precarious labor force.Unpaid caregiving and household work directly contributes to profit-making.Western analytical concepts of the economy need to be reexamined in the context of the postcolonial informal economies.Research tools that measure economic participation need to capture how unpaid activities directly or indirectly contribute to economic processes.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 130-152
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2210586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2210586
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# input file: RFEC_A_2221264_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Diane Elson
Author-X-Name-First: Diane
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson
Author-Name: Caren Grown
Author-X-Name-First: Caren
Author-X-Name-Last: Grown
Title: Nilüfer Çagatay 1955–2022 In Memoriam
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 3-9
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221264
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# input file: RFEC_A_2221254_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Suzanne Bergeron
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergeron
Author-Name: Edith Kuiper
Author-X-Name-First: Edith
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuiper
Title: Drucilla K. Barker 1949–2023 In Memoriam
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221254
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# input file: RFEC_A_2221266_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: María Elena Cardero
Author-X-Name-First: María Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardero
Author-Name: Alma Espino
Author-X-Name-First: Alma
Author-X-Name-Last: Espino
Author-Name: Valeria Esquivel
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria
Author-X-Name-Last: Esquivel
Author-Name: Lucía Pérez Fragoso
Author-X-Name-First: Lucía Pérez
Author-X-Name-Last: Fragoso
Author-Name: Corina Rodríguez Enríquez
Author-X-Name-First: Corina Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-Last: Enríquez
Author-Name: Soledad Salvador
Author-X-Name-First: Soledad
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvador
Author-Name: Alison Vásconez
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Vásconez
Title: Rosalba Todaro 1941–2022 In Memoriam
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 13-14
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221266
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2221266
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# input file: RFEC_A_2230239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dorota Szelewa
Author-X-Name-First: Dorota
Author-X-Name-Last: Szelewa
Author-Name: Michał Polakowski
Author-X-Name-First: Michał
Author-X-Name-Last: Polakowski
Title: Who Cares, Too? Degenderization of Childcare Policies in Europe: A Dynamic Fuzzy-Set Analysis
Abstract: 
 This article traces the evolution of childcare policies in Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom during the period 2005–15 in order to observe changes possibly related to economic crisis. Applying the concept of degenderization and the method of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs/QCA), the study examines: (1) equality of parental leave entitlements, (2) generosity of parental leave-related benefits, (3) accessibility of childcare services, and (4) length of all available leave schemes, at six points in time. The argument is that changes within this period did not lead to a radical transformation in childcare policy, while those shifts that took place could be more often characterized as degenderizing, contrary to expectations. Finally, the study identified policy clusters: four types of genderization (strong genderization, with care payment, with care parity, and with activation), strong and weak versions of degenderization, as well as a mixed case.HIGHLIGHTS
This study traces the evolution of childcare policies across nine EU countries during the period of recession between 2005 and 2015.It uses the concept of “degenderization” to develop a typology of childcare policies.A dynamic analysis reveals that despite austerity measures, policies usually remained stable over time.Moreover, despite the crisis, policies tended to promote gender equality in care.Small steps toward degenderization in care policies over time signal that the gender revolution is not “stalled.”
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 153-177
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2230239
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2230239
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# input file: RFEC_A_2183973_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mehita Iqani
Author-X-Name-First: Mehita
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqani
Title: The Crooked Codes of the Luxury Handbag: Narratives of Empowered Feminine Consumption in Africa
Abstract: 
 This article critiques discourses about women consumers of luxury goods in Africa. It does so through the example of the designer handbag, which presented as a key theme in interviews with people employed in luxury sectors in major African cities. The luxury handbag symbolizes an overarching idea of women’s success, though women are narrated as taking different routes to achieve it. Employing the spatial metaphor of the “crooked room,” this article shows how luxury handbag-talk reproduces taken-for-granted ideas about what successful feminine consumers look like. The “crooked codes” of the luxury handbag refer to skewed expectations, routes, and rationales for the wealth-oriented consumption practices of African women. Luxury handbags thus symbolize the ways in which neoliberal ideology limits African women’s quest for economic inclusion. This article argues that this consumption distorts African women’s feminist goals while claiming liberation.HIGHLIGHTS
The luxury handbag is viewed as a symbol of African women’s economic success.This understanding obscures the realities of access to economic equality for most women living in African contexts.Luxury consumption privileges wealth and does not offer alternatives for women’s economic empowerment.As evidence of women’s achievement, the luxury handbag reveals the limits of neoliberal views for women’s empowerment.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 178-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2183973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2183973
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# input file: RFEC_A_2191615_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sundus Saleemi
Author-X-Name-First: Sundus
Author-X-Name-Last: Saleemi
Title: Does the Absence of Men from the Household Increase Girls’ Shares in Education Expenditures? Evidence from Rural Pakistan
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the impact of men’s migration on expenditure by left-behind households on children’s education, focusing on the gendered distribution of this expenditure. Using longitudinal survey data of rural households in Pakistan, the effect of men’s migration on the share of households’ education expenditure spent on girls is estimated using the fixed-effects model (FEM). Results suggest that in households from which men migrate for periods longer than six months, the share of education expenditures spent on girls is up to 31 percent higher than that of the average household in the sample. There is no evidence of a significant impact on households’ total education expenditure due to this migration. Overall, in households where men are absent, the distribution of education expenditure tilts in favor of girls. A possible mechanism behind the increase in girls’ shares is the greater participation of women in household decisions in the absence of men.HIGHLIGHTS
In Pakistan, rural households from which men have migrated have higher expenditure on girls’ schooling.Men’s outmigration plausibly expands women’s participation in household decisions.Women’s role in expenditure decisions may improve and increase investments in girls’ education.Higher participation of women in household decisions potentially reduces gender inequality.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 75-104
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2191615
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2191615
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# input file: RFEC_A_2221263_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mary C. King
Author-X-Name-First: Mary C.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Catherine J. Weinberger
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinberger
Title: Lisa Saunders 1956–2022 In Memoriam
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 10-12
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221263
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2221263
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# input file: RFEC_A_2179650_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: M. Ivanova Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ivanova
Author-X-Name-Last: Reyes
Title: Did Competing with China Affect Chilean Manufacturing Jobs? Evaluating Gender Differences in Employment During 1995–2006
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes whether competition with China displaced domestic manufacturing jobs in Chile using a panel of 4-digit ISIC manufacturing industries during 1995–2006. The study estimates empirical models for six job aggregates that are matched to occupational types that are either replaceable by technological change (routine) or not (non-routine). Results show that due to tougher competition with Chinese imports, jobs held by men in non-routine and routine manufacturing occupations contracted, whereas jobs held by women in routine manufacturing occupations increased. Only one type of non-routine occupation, managerial jobs, held by women contracted due to the competition with China.HIGHLIGHTS
Import competition with China during 1995–2006 reduced men’s manufacturing jobs in Chile, but had mixed results for women.Men’s jobs declined in management, administrative, clerical, and custodial occupations.Women’s jobs decreased in managerial positions, but increased in low-skilled positions.Low-skilled women workers may be substituting men’s jobs like machines.A rise in women’s routine jobs does not suggest improvement in employment conditions or wages, nor in attachment to the labor force.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 105-129
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650
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# input file: RFEC_A_2186461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Farzana Afridi
Author-X-Name-First: Farzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Afridi
Author-Name: Amrita Dhillon
Author-X-Name-First: Amrita
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhillon
Author-Name: Sanchari Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Sanchari
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Title: The Gendered Crisis: Livelihoods and Well-Being in India During COVID-19
Abstract: 
 This article studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gendered dimensions of employment and mental health among urban informal-sector workers in Delhi, India. First, the study finds that men’s employment declined by 84 percentage points during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic employment, while their monthly earnings fell by 89 percent relative to the baseline mean. In contrast, women did not experience any significant impact on employment during pandemic. Second, the study documents very high levels of pandemic-induced mental stress, with wives reporting greater stress than husbands. Third, this gendered pattern in pandemic-induced mental stress is partly explained by men’s employment losses, which affected wives more than husbands. In contrast, women staying employed during the pandemic is associated with worse mental health for them and their (unemployed) husbands. Fourth, pre-existing social networks are associated with higher mental stress for women, possibly due to the “home-based” nature of women’s networks.HIGHLIGHTS
In India, men suffered larger employment losses than women during the pandemic.Women reported greater mental stress than men, although both reported high stress.Men’s employment losses affected their wives’ mental health more than their own.Having many peers is correlated with worse stress for women, but not men.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 40-74
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2186461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2186461
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# input file: RFEC_A_2249000_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Anil Duman
Author-X-Name-First: Anil
Author-X-Name-Last: Duman
Title: The Gendered Relationship Between Temporary, Informal Employment and Wages: Evidence from the Turkish Labor Market
Abstract: 
 This article examines the relationship between types of employment and wages by gender and gender pay gaps among permanent, temporary, and informal workers. There are substantial gender inequalities in bargaining, and these inequalities are argued to be more prevalent for temporary and informal jobs. Hence, larger wage penalties for women in such positions are expected. Moreover, the inverse association between wages and non-permanent contracts is larger for low-paid women. To this end, the study employs unconditional quantile regression techniques and counterfactual decomposition analysis, and accounts for selection bias. The dataset is based on labor force surveys over the period 2005–19 in Turkey and focuses on private sector employees. The findings highlight the disproportionate impact of temporary and informal employment on women’s earnings and suggest that employment type can be a contributing factor to the gender pay gap in Turkey, particularly for low wage groups.HIGHLIGHTSIn Turkey, employment opportunities, social norms, and gender roles limit women’s bargaining power.Gender inequalities in bargaining can vary significantly across employment types.Women employees with temporary or informal jobs suffer from larger pay penalties.Residual gender pay gaps are larger for low-paid temporary and informal workers.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 194-222
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2249000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2249000
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# input file: RFEC_A_2230218_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Ana Tribin
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Tribin
Author-Name: Karen García-Rojas
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: García-Rojas
Author-Name: Paula Herrera-Idarraga
Author-X-Name-First: Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrera-Idarraga
Author-Name: Leonardo Fabio Morales
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Morales
Author-Name: Natalia Ramirez-Bustamante
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramirez-Bustamante
Title: Shecession: The Downfall of Colombian Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract: 
 This article explores the short-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on gender gaps in the Colombian labor market. Colombia offers an interesting case for analysis because, as with most countries in the Global South, its combination of formal and informal labor in the labor market complicates the pandemic’s aftermath. This analysis highlights the differences between men’s and women’s labor outcomes in terms of the effects of the crisis. Specifically, the study documents a phenomenon that the authors call a “female fall,” by which, in comparison to men, women lost status in the labor market. This article also shows a downgrade in the condition of women who remained employed via lower wages, especially in the informal sector. As a result of the pandemic, increasing numbers of women were relegated to domestic work. Finally, the article discusses how women’s burden of unpaid care increased.HIGHLIGHTSIn Colombia, COVID-19 hit women workers harder than men due to sectoral differences and domestic duties.Lockdown imposed a high caregiving burden that mostly fell on women.Women were more likely to drop out of the labor force to devote themselves to care work, reversing progress toward gender equality.Women were more vulnerable to precarious work conditions and lower wages.Ongoing recovery needs to better address the gendered impact of pandemic.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 158-193
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2230218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2230218
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# input file: RFEC_A_2216700_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Yasemin Dildar
Author-X-Name-First: Yasemin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dildar
Title: The Political Economy of Patriarchy in the Global South
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 321-328
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2216700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2216700
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# input file: RFEC_A_2249913_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Linn Ternsjö
Author-X-Name-First: Linn
Author-X-Name-Last: Ternsjö
Title: Garments without Guilt? Global Labour Justice and Ethical Codes in Sri Lankan Apparels
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 318-321
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2249913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2249913
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# input file: RFEC_A_2276522_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to Reviewers
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: I-IV
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2276522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2276522
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# input file: RFEC_A_2263542_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Gitanjali Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Gitanjali
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Author-Name: Dhanushka Thamarapani
Author-X-Name-First: Dhanushka
Author-X-Name-Last: Thamarapani
Title: Keeping Girls in Schools Longer: The Kanyashree Approach in India
Abstract: 
 Regarding interventions aimed at preventing girls from prematurely dropping out of schools, this study shows that inducing economic empowerment of girls is possible with targeted policies that promote their reproductive empowerment. Using Kanyashree Prakalpa, a conditional cash transfer program implemented in West Bengal, India, that directly incentivized school attendance to delay child marriage, the study finds a strong association between program participation and successfully lowering the historically higher dropout rates post-middle school. Program-eligible girls are 12 percent (7 percent) more likely to be enrolled in or to complete secondary (higher secondary) school, respectively. Program participation is associated with approximately five more months of education. In fact, the efficacy of the program is highly correlated with the length of exposure, and the most benefits are reaped by children in the poorest households. The article discusses three policy interventions, including directly targeting girls as they transition from childhood to young adulthood.HIGHLIGHTSIn West Bengal, Kanyashree Prakalpa, a unique cash incentive program, links educational empowerment with girls’ reproductive empowerment.Program participation is strongly associated with successfully lowering the historically higher dropout rates post-middle school.Policies directly targeting adolescent girls are fruitful compared to indirect influence.Policies complementing the cash transfer with other programs based on the girls’ academic achievement are useful.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 36-64
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2263542
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2263542
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# input file: RFEC_A_2250811_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Sarah F. Small
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Small
Title: Patriarchal Rent Seeking in Entrepreneurial Households: An Examination of Business Ownership and Housework Burdens in Black and White US Couples
Abstract: 
 This article studies the relationship between unpaid housework and business ownership in the United States. To examine this empirically, it uses Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data from 1985 to 2019 to document patterns in household production among business-owning households, with a special focus on Black and White opposite-sex couples in the United States. Descriptive evidence suggests that in married White couples, husbands face lower housework hours when owning a business compared to those who do not. However, this result does not hold for Black men. In fact, among Black couples, results suggest positive associations between wives’ business ownership and their housework hours. These results suggest the presence of patriarchal social norms allows White entrepreneurial men to extract rents: White men’s entrepreneurship may be propped up by their unique ability to recede from domestic responsibilities, a notion consistent with theories on patriarchal rent seeking.HIGHLIGHTSAmong US couples, less time spent on housework may provide advantages for entrepreneurs.White businesses-owning husbands are afforded reduced housework relative to peers.This phenomenon is unique among White men.Black businesses-owning wives do more housework than non-entrepreneuring peers.Industry selection does not explain away this trend among Black women.Race and gender hierarchies allow White men more resources in entrepreneurship.Small-business policymakers should work to alleviate inequities in unpaid work.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 65-102
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2250811
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# input file: RFEC_A_2218876_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Astrid Agenjo-Calderón
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Agenjo-Calderón
Title: The Sustainability of Life Approach: A State of Affairs
Abstract: 
 This article explores the main features of the “sustainability of life” approach, a theoretical and political approach specifically developed in the context of Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean feminist economics in the last two decades. It dialogues with decolonial feminisms; ecofeminisms and degrowth ecological proposals; the popular, social, and solidarity economy; and feminist reflections on “good living” and “good co-existence.” The article situates this approach within the wider spectrum of feminist economics as a plural school of thought and examines its particular characteristics in greater detail. Specifically, the article highlights sustainability of life as a multilevel approach that connects economic, social, and ecological systems and reveals the capital-life conflict that runs through them; offers a non-Eurocentric and intersectional perspective for analyzing the diverse implications of this conflict; and presents a political positioning that draws emancipatory imaginaries and horizons that place life at the center.HIGHLIGHTSSustainability of life has come to be a main theoretical approach of Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean feminisms.It offers an emancipatory roadmap for organizing life outside of capitalist structures.It proposes a vision for constructing an economy that is feminist, plural, and inclusive, prioritizing women and peripheral subjects.It presents a political proposal for collective action to confront the logic of capitalist, patriarchal, and racist systems.It harbors as its ultimate goal the sustaining of a “good collective life.”
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 133-157
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2218876
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2218876
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# input file: RFEC_A_2262476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Sheela Sinharoy
Author-X-Name-First: Sheela
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinharoy
Author-Name: Yuk Fai Cheong
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk Fai
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheong
Author-Name: Greg Seymour
Author-X-Name-First: Greg
Author-X-Name-Last: Seymour
Author-Name: Jessica Heckert
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Heckert
Author-Name: Erin R. Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Erin R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Author-Name: Kathryn M. Yount
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yount
Title: The Time-Use Agency Scale: Development and Validation of a Measure for Ghana and Beyond
Abstract: 
 Global health and development interventions often are predicated on the reallocation of women's time for the achievement of program objectives; yet research and programs have paid limited attention to women's preferences for and agency over their time use. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure time-use agency. It follows a sequenced approach involving qualitative and quantitative research, with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessment of concurrent validity. The authors conducted surveys with women and men within an impact assessment of a livelihoods program being implemented across rural districts in Ghana. Results indicate a three-factor model with subscales for intrinsic time-use agency, voice related to time use, and decision making related to time use, which were each positively correlated with an item on satisfaction with time use. This time-use agency scale should be validated widely and used within global health and development programs.HIGHLIGHTS
In Ghana, time poverty, often a proxy for disempowerment, does not alone provide a full picture of women's quality of time use.Time-use agency is a more direct measure of exercising choice over the allocation of one's time.Time-use agency is a necessary component of empowerment processes.A survey instrument that measures time-use agency should be used alongside customary time-use surveys.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 103-132
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2262476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2262476
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# input file: RFEC_A_2250797_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Ishaan Bansal
Author-X-Name-First: Ishaan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bansal
Author-Name: Kanika Mahajan
Author-X-Name-First: Kanika
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahajan
Title: COVID-19, Income Shocks, and Women’s Employment in India
Abstract: 
 Existing evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic led to larger employment losses for working women in India. This article examines the heterogeneity that underlies these trends by studying the impact of income shocks due to the COVID-19 induced national lockdown (April–May 2020) on women’s employment. Using individual-level panel data and a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits the imposition of the lockdown and accounts for seasonal employment trends, the study finds that women in households facing a hundred percent reduction in men’s income during the lockdown were 1.57 pp (27 percent) more likely to take up work after restrictions eased (June–August 2020). These results are predominant in poorer and less educated households. However, these positive employment trends are largely transitory as the effect on women’s employment reduces to 13 percent in these households during September–December 2020. These findings underscore the use of women’s labor as insurance during low-income periods by poorer households.HIGHLIGHTSWomen’s labor acts as insurance during periods of men’s income loss.The increase in labor market participation is only observed for married women.Rural women participate in less-secure casual agricultural labor.Urban women access more secure fixed-wage work and self-employment.Increase in women’s labor force participation is mostly transitory.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 285-317
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2250797
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2250797
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# input file: RFEC_A_2251972_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Lisa Hanzl
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanzl
Author-Name: Miriam Rehm
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehm
Title: Less Work, More Labor: School Closures and Work Hours During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
Abstract: 
 This article explores the gendered impact of school closures on paid work hours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Using data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (ACPP) covering generalized school closures from March 2020 to April 2021, the study examines adjustments in work hours by gender and parental status. The descriptive data show general reductions in work time, especially in the first months. From July 2020 onward, however, mothers reduced work hours more than fathers when schools were closed – and they increased time spent on childcare, while fathers reduced theirs. Using OLS and fixed effects models, the study confirms that mothers reduced their work hours during school closures more than any other group. In contrast, fathers reduced their work hours the least – even less than individuals without children. Finally, there is some evidence that school closures capture policy stringency in high-incidence phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.HIGHLIGHTSIn Austria, mothers reduced paid work time more than fathers in response to pandemic school closures.In contrast, fathers reduced their work time even less than individuals without children.School closures thus triggered a gendered labor market response among parents.The additional unpaid care work burden on women is a potential mechanism for these effects.COVID-19 policy responses may have exacerbated existing gender differences in the labor market.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 252-284
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2251972
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2251972
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# input file: RFEC_A_2251991_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Lara Maestripieri
Author-X-Name-First: Lara
Author-X-Name-Last: Maestripieri
Title: Women’s Involuntary Part-Time Employment and Household Economic Security in Europe
Abstract: 
 The rate of involuntary part-time work among women has increased sharply. Scholars have demonstrated its links with diminished career opportunities, deteriorated working conditions, and low pay at an individual level. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of these contracts on economic security at the household level. This article investigates to what extent women being in part-time work involuntarily hinders their household’s ability to attain reasonable living standards and examines whether this would be any different if women were in part-time employment voluntarily. The results show that part-time work in itself does not necessarily constitute a threat to household economic security, but when it is involuntary, part-time employment jeopardizes a household’s financial well-being. This occurs in countries that deregulated peripheral corners of their labor markets, or “dualized” countries such as Italy, Spain, and France, and fully liberalized countries, such as Switzerland and the United Kingdom.HIGHLIGHTSDualization refers to application of deregulation in peripheral corners of labor markets, increasing the precariousness of only certain categories of workers.In dualized and fully liberalized European countries, women’s involuntary part-time work threatens households’ economic security.It is the involuntary nature of part-time work, and not just reduced work hours, which lowers household economic security.Countries should implement forms of monetary support for low-work-intensity households.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 223-251
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2251991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2251991
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# input file: RFEC_A_2251505_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231203T183118 git hash: be90730853
Author-Name: Bram De Rock
Author-X-Name-First: Bram
Author-X-Name-Last: De Rock
Author-Name: Guillaume Périlleux
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume
Author-X-Name-Last: Périlleux
Title: Time Use and Life Satisfaction within Couples: A Gender Analysis for Belgium
Abstract: 
 This article looks at the time allocation of individuals with a focus on paid and unpaid work, its division within households, and its link with life satisfaction. The study uses the cross-sectional MEqIN database for Belgium in 2016 and corrects for heterogeneity by using measures of the personality traits. The division of time appears to be quite gendered. Women are found to be more satisfied when working part time. This could be because a majority of working women still undertake most of the unpaid work so that they end up operating a double shift. Looking at the link of time allocation of both partners on the individuals’ life satisfaction, men’s behavior appears to be in accordance with a conservative gender attitude, and even a breadwinner version, while women’s behavior is closer to an egalitarian gender attitude. The study further observes that those behaviors are softened by the presence of children.HIGHLIGHTSIn Belgium, women spend more time on unpaid work, even conditional on being employed.Without considering interdependencies, women are more satisfied when working part time.Accounting for interdependencies, women favor an equal sharing of paid and unpaid work.Men appear to be more satisfied when they undertake more paid work than their partner.Policy implications should involve changing men’s behavior and traditional gender norms.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-35
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2251505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2251505
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# input file: RFEC_A_2262486_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Verónica Amarante
Author-X-Name-First: Verónica
Author-X-Name-Last: Amarante
Author-Name: Marisa Bucheli
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Bucheli
Author-Name: Tatiana Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Tatiana
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez
Title: Gender Differences in Opinions about Market Solutions and Government Interventions: The Case Of Uruguayan Economists
Abstract: 
 This article explores the differences in views between men and women Uruguayan economists regarding their opinions about market solutions and government interventions. In line with international evidence, the support for more market-oriented statements is lower among women than men. The study examines the role of age, family background, exposure to economic discussions (proxied by postgraduate education, reading of blogs and press, and academic environment), and personality traits (risk aversion, optimism, and preferences for competition) to explain these gender gaps. The results indicate that gender plays a role in shaping pro-market opinions. The gender differences remain significant after controlling for explanatory variables, though the magnitudes are mild. The findings indicate that achieving gender balance by including women in public debates and decision-making positions would improve the diversity of perspectives in economics.HIGHLIGHTSIn Uruguay, women economists are less pro-market than their men colleagues.Personal traits, notably competitiveness, contribute to this gender gap.Including women in decision making improves diversity and quality of public policies.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 211-243
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2262486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2262486
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# input file: RFEC_A_2304859_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren
Title: A Herstory of Economics
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 278-282
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2024.2304859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2024.2304859
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# input file: RFEC_A_2279227_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Author-Name: Dambala Gelo
Author-X-Name-First: Dambala
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelo
Author-Name: Daniela Casale
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale
Author-Name: Adeola Oyenubi
Author-X-Name-First: Adeola
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyenubi
Title: Sorting the Gender Earnings Gap: Heterogeneity in the South African Labor Market
Abstract: 
 This study explores inequality among Africans in the South African labor market by investigating heterogeneity in the gender earnings gap. The article adds to the existing literature by applying an innovative sorting method, which provides a complete mapping of heterogeneity in the gender earnings gap, ordering the full distribution of the partial effects from largest to smallest with respect to the underlying characteristics of the population of interest. This makes it possible to identify the extent of the dispersion in earnings inequality as well as those characteristics that are associated with very large, as well as very small (or even reversed), gender gaps in earnings. The study also compares heterogeneity in the hourly and monthly gender earnings gap to assess how adjusting for working hours affects the correlates of earnings inequality.HIGHLIGHTS
There is significant heterogeneity in the size of the gender earnings gap in South Africa.This is illustrated using a technique that maps the full distribution of earnings differences.Marriage, children, and geography are important sources of heterogeneity.There is more heterogeneity in the monthly, than hourly, gender earnings gap.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 106-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2279227
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2279227
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# input file: RFEC_A_2283477_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Michael Kevane
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Kevane
Author-Name: Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan
Author-X-Name-First: Aishwarya Lakshmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ratan
Author-Name: Diva Dhar
Author-X-Name-First: Diva
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhar
Title: Women-Led Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises During COVID-19: Examining Barriers and Opportunities
Abstract: 
 This study synthesizes evidence on gender dimensions of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) following the COVID-19 pandemic. Women-led SMEs are associated with lower average profits, lower revenues, fewer employees, smaller networks, and higher costs of capital. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender gaps among SMEs and undermined progress toward gender equality. To inform interventions that can support gender-intentional policy and market responses, the study builds on the conceptual model proposed by Andrea Cornwall (2016) to advance the construct of “path-dependent market dynamics,” which captures how gendered social structures of market organization and behavior influence actions. Together with gendered legal discrimination, social norms, internalized behaviors, allocation of care work, mobility, and unequal access to financing, these sticky market features and dynamics can limit the effectiveness of economic recovery programs. The study suggests areas for evidence-based experimentation that can guide gender-intentional interventions for SMEs going forward.HIGHLIGHTS
During the pandemic, women-led businesses experienced larger earnings losses and higher closure rates than men-led ones.Among barriers for women-led businesses, gendered structures of market organization and behavior are under-studied.Enduring gender norms can limit effectiveness of economic recovery programs.Gender-intentional enterprise programs should include evaluation components.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 244-277
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2283477
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2283477
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# input file: RFEC_A_2255871_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Olga Alonso-Villar
Author-X-Name-First: Olga
Author-X-Name-Last: Alonso-Villar
Author-Name: Coral del Río
Author-X-Name-First: Coral
Author-X-Name-Last: del Río
Title: Gender, Race, and Class in an Intersectional Framework: Occupations and Wages in the United States
Abstract: 
 Using family income as a class measure, this article explores whether gender and racial/ethnic gaps in hourly wages are the same across classes in the United States for 2015–2019. The study shows that the “mark of gender” extends beyond race/ethnicity and class. The conditional wages of women of any race/ethnicity are lower than those of any group of men of the same class (except that lower-class Asian women rank above lower-class Black men). Beyond differences in human capital, the wage disadvantage of Black and Hispanic workers, especially Black women, is (partially) associated with class stratification. Additionally, the study explores the role of occupations in explaining whether a group’s wage is above or below average. Black women’s wage disadvantage stems from occupational sorting, regardless of class. However, among White and Hispanic women, occupational sorting and underpayment within occupations are equally important. Occupational sorting does not seem to penalize Asian women.HIGHLIGHTS
Intersectional analysis shows that in the US, class shapes the labor experiences of women and men of different racial/ethnic groups.Class limits White women’s progress in the labor market.Black women are overrepresented in the lower class beyond their educational levels.Occupational barriers are especially strong for Black women even in the upper class.Racial differences in conditional wages among same-class groups of women are small.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 40-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2255871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2255871
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# input file: RFEC_A_2283468_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Sarah F. Small
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Small
Author-Name: Elissa Braunstein
Author-X-Name-First: Elissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Braunstein
Title: Has the Feminist Economics Intellectual Project Lost its Way? An Analysis of the Journal’s Evolution
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the methodologies, scope, and impact of manuscripts submitted to and published in Feminist Economics from 1995 to 2019. The analysis finds that in addition to becoming increasingly empirical, Feminist Economics publications have also become increasingly intersectional. However, quantitative empirical submissions, relative to other methodological approaches, are more likely to be desk rejected and less likely to be eventually published if they proceed to peer review. The increasing attention to gender in the mainstream of the economics discipline, proxied by the prevalence of gender analyses in the discipline’s top thirty journals, is also associated with increased desk rejection, reflecting a rise in submissions that take a mainstream “add gender and stir” approach. Ultimately, this study aims to understand how feminist economics has evolved since the inception of the journal and to spark conversation about how to continue to make the journal and economics more feminist in the future.HIGHLIGHTS
Publications in Feminist Economics have become increasingly intersectional.Non-empirical work has been favored in the publication process.Special issue articles garner more citations on average.Intersectional articles garner fewer citations on average.More “gender” papers lacking feminist engagement have been submitted over time.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 1-39
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2283468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2283468
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# input file: RFEC_A_2255878_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Hope Xu Yan
Author-X-Name-First: Hope Xu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan
Author-Name: Sonalde Desai
Author-X-Name-First: Sonalde
Author-X-Name-Last: Desai
Author-Name: Debasis Barik
Author-X-Name-First: Debasis
Author-X-Name-Last: Barik
Title: Gender and Generation: Landownership and Older Indians’ Autonomy
Abstract: 
 While increased access to household assets has been shown to improve older individuals’ autonomy and bargaining power at home, the role of gender hierarchy in shaping differential impacts of household assets has received far less attention. This article explores the gender asymmetry in the association of older people’s (age 60 years or more) decision-making power at home and survival probability with their ownership of and managerial control over agricultural land in rural India. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, results find that in multi-generational households, landownership at the household level is associated with higher decision-making power and survival probability for older men but not for older women. Among older women, the relationship between household landownership and decision-making power is positive when they have clearly established titles to the land or managerial control but negative when their names are not on the land title.HIGHLIGHTS
Landownership is an important source of old age security in India.Agricultural land in India is typically controlled by the patriarch; women rarely own or control household land.The generational power conferred on older men with landownership does not apply to older women to the same degree.It is crucial to register household land under women’s names and recognize women as actual landowners.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 172-210
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2255878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2255878
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# input file: RFEC_A_2279212_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jidong Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Jidong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Yunqi Zeng
Author-X-Name-First: Yunqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng
Author-Name: Xianghong Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xianghong
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: The Gender Happiness Gap in China: Composition Effect or Coefficient Effect?
Abstract: 
 This study revisits the puzzle of the gender happiness gap in China based on data from the China General Social Survey between 2008 and 2017. Decomposition analyses in this study indicate that women are happier than men mainly due to women’s higher positive responsiveness to happiness determinants (the coefficient effect) rather than a higher level of objective achievements (the composition effect). Women obtain happiness from education despite not having a higher education, and women get more happiness from spousal income instead of personal income. Within families, the study finds that the greater the income gap between husband and wife, the greater the gender happiness gap. To help explain this gap, the study demonstrates that women living under traditional gender norms have higher evaluation of their education when they obtain lower levels of education than those living under egalitarian norms.HIGHLIGHTS
In China, women’s objective achievements in education and income have improved but remain lower than men’s.Women are happier than men due to higher responsiveness to achievements.The income gap between husbands and wives increases women’s subjective well-being and reduces men’s.The traditional belief that men are more capable leaves women worse off in education.The gender happiness gap is much larger in urban areas and eastern regions of China.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 70-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2279212
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2279212
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# input file: RFEC_A_2278798_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: José Espinoza-Delgado
Author-X-Name-First: José
Author-X-Name-Last: Espinoza-Delgado
Author-Name: Jacques Silber
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Silber
Title: Gender Gaps in Financial Literacy: Evidence from Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay
Abstract: 
 Understanding why women are less financially literate than men is crucial for developing effective policies that decrease gender inequalities and improve women’s financial literacy, agency, and empowerment. Accordingly, this article adopts a multidimensional approach to measuring financial literacy in developing countries, aggregating three key components of financial literacy, namely financial behavior, financial attitude, and financial knowledge. Using data from Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay, the study finds that there are statistically significant gender differences in these countries, which is confirmed, except in the case of Chile, by an extensive econometric analysis. In turn, a traditional Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition indicates, when considering the three countries as a whole, that 56 percent of the gap can be attributed to unexplained factors, while 44 percent to differences in observable characteristics, implying that men’s rates of return on human capital components, in a broad sense, are significantly different from those experienced by women.HIGHLIGHTS
A comprehensive approach to financial literacy in Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay assesses gender differences in financial behavior, financial attitude, and financial knowledge.Financial literacy is relatively low across all three countries.In Argentina and Paraguay, the gender gap in financial literacy is driven by financial knowledge.Education and income are the largest contributors to the variance in financial literacy.
Journal: Feminist Economics
Pages: 134-171
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2278798
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2023.2278798
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