Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: RICHARD WOOLLEY
Author-X-Name-First: RICHARD
Author-X-Name-Last: WOOLLEY
Title: Mapping Internet Gambling: Emerging Modes of Online Participation in Wagering and Sports Betting
Abstract:
Participation in gambling online has to date been largely regarded under
homogenising terms such as 'interactive gambling' or 'e-gambling'. This
article explores different modes of participation gambling in the online
environment, seeking to begin a process of better understanding some of
the factors that construct distinguishable populations of online gamblers
and distinct experiences of gambling online. The article commences with a
brief overview of the internet, commenting on the apparent suitability of
commercial gambling products for the development of successful online
business models. Social and institutional factors constraining various
modes of online participation in gambling are briefly outlined in relation
to online wagering and gaming in Australia. Data drawn from three online
surveys are then used to provide an overview of participation in the areas
of online wagering and sports betting. These results form the basis of an
initial analytical distinction between modes of participation in online
betting on racing and sports in Australia.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 3-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304586
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:3-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LIA NOWER
Author-X-Name-First: LIA
Author-X-Name-Last: NOWER
Author-Name: ALEX BLASZCZYNSKI
Author-X-Name-First: ALEX
Author-X-Name-Last: BLASZCZYNSKI
Title: Binge Gambling: A Neglected Concept
Abstract:
It is argued that there exists a relatively neglected distinct sub-group
of pathological gamblers, described in the clinical literature, who
display intermittent episodes of uncontrolled gambling superimposed on a
background of prolonged intervening periods of abstinence. This sub-group
is characterised by intense bouts of impaired control over gambling that
meet core diagnostic features for pathological gambling during such
defined episodes. However, they are unlikely to display significant
symptoms of pathological gambling if screened during intervening periods
of abstinence and report no persistent or progressive urges or
preoccupation with gambling between episodes. This article discusses the
concept of binge gambling with reference to illustrative case studies and
by comparison to two other recognised binge behaviours, binge drinking and
binge eating.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 23-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304589
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:23-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KATHERINE M. DISKIN
Author-X-Name-First: KATHERINE M.
Author-X-Name-Last: DISKIN
Author-Name: DAVID C. HODGINS
Author-X-Name-First: DAVID C.
Author-X-Name-Last: HODGINS
Title: Psychophysiological and Subjective Arousal during Gambling in Pathological and Non-pathological Video Lottery Gamblers
Abstract:
Two groups of video lottery gamblers (pathological N =30, and
non-pathological N =34) were compared while they participated in gambling
and gambling related tasks using subjective ratings of excitement,
electromyographic activity (EMG), skin conductance level (SCL) and heart
rate (HR). Although the groups experienced similar levels of increased
physiological response the pathological gamblers reported greater levels
of subjective excitement. It was concluded that the pathological and
non-pathological gamblers might perceive their responses to gambling and
gambling related situations differently.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 37-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304590
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:37-51
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JIM ORFORD
Author-X-Name-First: JIM
Author-X-Name-Last: ORFORD
Author-Name: KERRY SPROSTON
Author-X-Name-First: KERRY
Author-X-Name-Last: SPROSTON
Author-Name: BOB ERENS
Author-X-Name-First: BOB
Author-X-Name-Last: ERENS
Title: SOGS and DSM-IV in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability and Factor Structure
Abstract:
This article examines the psychometric performance and reliability of two
problem gambling scales (the South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS], and a
scale based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th edn) [DSM-IV])
and their constituent items, based upon data from the first British
Gambling Prevalence Survey (Sproston et al ., 2000). Separate factor
analyses of SOGS items and DSM-IV items suggested the existence of two
independent factors in each case: dependence and gambling-related
problems. Scores based upon SOGS and DSM factors correlated only
moderately. It is concluded that no single existing screening
questionnaire adequately reflects the multi-dimensional nature of problem
gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 53-65
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304588
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:53-65
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ALUN C. JACKSON
Author-X-Name-First: ALUN C.
Author-X-Name-Last: JACKSON
Author-Name: TANGERINE A. HOLT
Author-X-Name-First: TANGERINE A.
Author-X-Name-Last: HOLT
Author-Name: SHANE A. THOMAS
Author-X-Name-First: SHANE A.
Author-X-Name-Last: THOMAS
Author-Name: BETH R. CRISP
Author-X-Name-First: BETH R.
Author-X-Name-Last: CRISP
Title: Development of an Instrument for the Analysis of Problem Gambling Counselling Practice
Abstract:
This article provides an overview of the development and validation of a
Counsellor Task Analysis (Problem Gambling) [CTA (PG)] instrument
undertaken in order to document the activities of counsellors in problem
gambling services. The CTA (PG) aims to provide a broad overview of the
complexity of the counsellor's role; specify the range of tasks they
perform; and document the relationship between the frequency of task
performance and the counsellor's beliefs about the importance of the tasks
performed. The CTA (PG) instrument addresses nine dimensions of practice
activity through nine subscales, all of which demonstrate internal
consistency. It appears to be a strong instrument in terms of its
measurement error characteristics for recommending its use with
counsellors engaged in the field of gambling. The CTA (PG) gives
counsellors the opportunity to document their practice and theories in use
when dealing with a problem gambler, a member of the problem gambler's
family and the community at large. The psychometric findings reported in
this article should be viewed as the preliminary results of an ongoing
research effort and further psychometric testing is anticipated.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 67-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304592
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:67-87
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LISA WATSON
Author-X-Name-First: LISA
Author-X-Name-Last: WATSON
Author-Name: SUDHIR H. KALE
Author-X-Name-First: SUDHIR H.
Author-X-Name-Last: KALE
Title: Know When to Hold Them: Applying the Customer Lifetime Value Concept to Casino Table Gaming
Abstract:
This article considers the impact of relationship marketing in the casino
gaming industry. It illustrates how 'customer lifetime value' (LTV)--the
estimated profitability of a customer over the course of his or her entire
relationship with a company--can be uniquely and successfully applied to
improve casino profitability. Findings indicate that increasing customer
retention rates for prime customers and upgrading middle-tier customers to
higher-volume betting tiers can both significantly increase long-term
casino profits. Implementation of such a strategy also reduces a casino's
reliance on the high-risk 'junket' segment for achieving targeted revenues
and profits.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 89-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304587
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:89-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John O’Hara
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Hara
Author-Name: Jan McMillen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: McMillen
Title: Book Reviews
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 103-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790304591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790304591
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:103-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Virginia McGowan
Author-X-Name-First: Virginia
Author-X-Name-Last: McGowan
Title: Counter-story, resistance and reconciliation in online narratives of women in recovery from problem gambling
Abstract:
Based on discourse analysis of website postings to an online
gender-specific support group over a 30-month period, this study examines
the context and narrative forms through which women tell the stories of
their experience of problem gambling and recovery. In response to the
hegemony of men-dominated groups and dominant ideologies, women seeking
support for their recovery create both online and offline symbolic
communities for gendered expression of experience. The oral tradition of
Gamblers Anonymous is referenced and reflected in the website postings,
providing a coherent narrative structure that is valued in western
culture. The online forum references a pragmatic approach that places
women's solutions in the public domain, rendering these experiences
visible, significant and transformative. A hypothetical model is proposed
in which creation of symbolic community and learning to tell a coherent
narrative mediate progress from chaos to social and moral reconciliation.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 115-131
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:115-131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine M. Diskin
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Diskin
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Steven A. Skitch
Author-X-Name-First: Steven A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Skitch
Title: Psychophysiological and subjective responses of a community sample of video lottery gamblers in gambling venues and laboratory situations
Abstract:
Physiological and subjective arousal in lounge and laboratory conditions
were explored using heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SCL) and subjective
ratings for a community sample (N=30) of video lottery
terminal gamblers (14 non-pathological gamblers [NPG] and 16 probable
pathological gamblers [PPG]). For all participants, mean heart rates and
ratings of subjective arousal were higher in the lounge situation, while
SCL did not differ between locations. SCL increased over baseline when
gambling in both situations. HR initially increased over baseline in the
lounge situation only, but by the end of gambling HR increased in both
situations. HR, SCL and subjective reports were moderately correlated
between venues. No correlations were found between subjective and
physiological measures of arousal.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 133-148
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142243
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:133-148
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Kweitel
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Kweitel
Author-Name: Felicity Allen
Author-X-Name-First: Felicity
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen
Title: Gaming machine gambling: different payoffs for men and women?
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to examine the association between gender and
problem electronic gaming machine (EGM) gambling. One hundred and
twenty-three males and 209 females (N=335; three
participants did not identify their gender) with a mean age of 44.9 years
were surveyed in gaming venues within Metropolitan Melbourne. The results
showed a greater representation of Australian-born (74%) among the female
group, compared to the male group (64%). The women were also older (47%
were aged 41--60 years) than the men (48% of males were aged 19--40
years). Significant relationships were found between gender, age, marital
status and religion and pathological EGM gambling. The results of this
study showed the pathological EGM gambler was likely to be male, under the
age of 45 years, single and possibly of the Greek Orthodox faith.
Implications of this study suggest that different forms of gambling may
suit different cultures and that other issues pertaining to cultural
aspects of gambling need to be explored in greater depth.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 149-161
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:149-161
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serge Se´vigny
Author-X-Name-First: Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Se´vigny
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Title: Gamblers' irrational thinking about chance events: the 'double switching' concept
Abstract:
This study investigates the disparity between gamblers' reports showing
rationality toward chance-governed activity and their actual behaviour
while gambling on a video lottery terminal. The 'double
switching' concept is introduced as the shift from a rational
perception of gambling events (switch on) to a behavioural manifestation
of irrational cognition related to gambling (switching off), and back on
to a rational perception (switch on). It was hypothesised that while
playing on video lottery terminals some players would behave irrationally
even if, before and after playing, they report perceiving the game as a
purely chance-governed activity. Results showed that most players switch
off their rational beliefs when gambling, and that some of these players
switch them back on after gambling. These findings open new avenues of
research related to gamblers' cognitive and behavioural reactions. The
theoretical and practical impacts of these results are discussed in the
context of gambling education and prevention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 163-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142261
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142261
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:163-170
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Sylvie Boulay
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvie
Author-X-Name-Last: Boulay
Author-Name: Alex Copello
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Copello
Author-Name: Nina Graves
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Graves
Author-Name: Bob Purser
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Purser
Author-Name: Ed Day
Author-X-Name-First: Ed
Author-X-Name-Last: Day
Title: Gambling and problem gambling among clients, and staff attitudes, in an alcohol and drug problems treatment service in the English Midlands
Abstract:
A self-completion questionnaire containing items about recent gambling
and problem gambling used in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS)
was completed by 274 clients of alcohol and drug problems services in the
English West Midlands. Compared to BGPS data, matched to the client sample
for age and sex, clients were significantly more likely in the previous 12
months to have engaged in forms of gambling carrying a high risk of
problems, to have engaged in four or more separate forms of gambling, and
to have scores on a brief form of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)
indicating problem gambling. A self-completion scale on attitudes towards
working with problem gamblers, with good psychometric properties according
to present data, was completed by 91 members of staff of the same
services. With the exception of a sub-scale measuring perceived adequacy
of knowledge and skills for working with problem gamblers, staff expressed
moderately positive attitudes. It is concluded that British substance
misuse services are appropriate locations for the development of services
for problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 171-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142270
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:171-181
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Penny Crofts
Author-X-Name-First: Penny
Author-X-Name-Last: Crofts
Title: Problem gambling and property offences: an analysis of court files
Abstract:
This article outlines some of the major findings regarding criminogenic
problem gambling in Crofts' (2002) analysis of New South Wales Local and
District Court files. The article details firstly the advantages and
disadvantages of relying upon court files as a source of information on
gambling related crime. The article then outlines the personal
characteristics of the subjects in the study, the relationship of gambling
to the commission of their offences and judicial responses. The study
provided qualitative information on when people are likely to seek
treatment for problem gambling and also highlighted problem gambling as a
significant motivation for employee theft. The study also suggests that
the reasons for problem gambling may impact upon offending patterns.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142289
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:183-197
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rufus Black
Author-X-Name-First: Rufus
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Hayden Ramsay
Author-X-Name-First: Hayden
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramsay
Title: The ethics of gambling: guidelines for players and commercial providers
Abstract:
Current academic and popular debate on gambling rarely focuses on the
ethics of gambling, but concentrates on narrower questions of social
impact. This article suggests a philosophical foundation for the ethical
provision of gambling services. It argues from a moral realist base while
paying close attention to the concrete facts of present policy and
practice. The article identifies certain objectively good reasons for
gambling. Having established gambling is not wrong per
se, it advances generic principles that gamblers and gambling
providers should follow in order to act ethically. From these generic
principles are derived applied principles from which, in turn, operational
norms for actual gambling businesses can be articulated. The article
concludes that gambling can be offered and chosen in ethically acceptable
ways, but that this will require a major shift in self-conception by the
gambling industry.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 199-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2003
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/1356347032000142298
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1356347032000142298
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:199-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy A. Steenbergh
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenbergh
Author-Name: James P. Whelan
Author-X-Name-First: James P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan
Author-Name: Andrew W. Meyers
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyers
Author-Name: Ryan K. May
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan K.
Author-X-Name-Last: May
Author-Name: Kim Floyd
Author-X-Name-First: Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Floyd
Title: Impact of warning and brief intervention messages on knowledge of gambling risk, irrational beliefs and behaviour
Abstract:
This analog study examined whether warning and brief intervention
messages would increase gamblers' knowledge of odds, alter level of
irrational beliefs, and influence gambling behaviour on a computerized
roulette game. College‐age participants (N = 101) were matched on
level of gambling irrational beliefs and self‐efficacy and then
randomly assigned to receive a warning message, a warning message plus
information on limit setting and irrational beliefs, or a video about
gambling history. Participants were then allowed to play roulette. In
contrast to those who watched the video only, participants in the two
message conditions showed greater knowledge of the risks of gambling. The
limit‐setting strategy produced significant reductions in
gambling‐related irrational beliefs. Across conditions,
participants did not gamble differently. These results suggest that
warning messages might have informational value and that
limit‐setting strategies hold promise for producing cognitive
change in gamblers. Under the present analog procedure, such messages did
not significantly affect gambling behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 3-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/1445979042000224377
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1445979042000224377
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:3-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynley M. McMillan
Author-X-Name-First: Lynley M.
Author-X-Name-Last: McMillan
Author-Name: Maria E. Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Samson Tse
Author-X-Name-First: Samson
Author-X-Name-Last: Tse
Author-Name: Robert Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Author-Name: Fiona Rossen
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossen
Author-Name: Peter Adams
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams
Title: Long‐term continuous clients and their needs: a New Zealand analysis
Abstract:
National New Zealand data (2002) indicate that 27% of gambling clients
remain in treatment for longer than 12 months. This research
retrospectively analysed data from long‐term continuous,
re‐admitted and brief therapy clients. The data were obtained from
a national database and were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Results indicated that relevant differences between long‐term
continuous and other clients occurred in ethnicity and clinic location.
The latter was confounded by the number of clinics versus clients. The
average age of long‐term continuous clients was 43 years; 5--6
years older than other clients; however, this marginally failed to reach a
level of statistical significance. The results led to the proposal of two
alternative models of therapy for clients with gambling problems: (a) a
six‐session capsule model and (b) an inductive, open‐ended
model (with regular review component). Further research is required to
test the efficacy of these models.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 17-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/1445979042000224386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1445979042000224386
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:17-32
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert C. Hannum
Author-X-Name-First: Robert C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hannum
Author-Name: Sudhir H. Kale
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhir H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kale
Title: The mathematics and marketing of dead chip programmes: finding and keeping the edge
Abstract:
A general perception exists among casino executives that the premium
players contribute a disproportionate share of profits. Consequently, to
attract and retain high‐end customers, many casinos are using
'dead chip' programs and other incentives. Dead chips are
non‐negotiable chips that are not exchangeable or redeemable and
cannot be used for any purpose except to gamble. Very often the result of
such a program is to reduce the effective statistical advantage of the
house on games played. This article provides a mathematical framework to
determine the effective house advantage under dead chip programs with
applications to a variety of games and discusses the marketing and
management implications of dead chip programs in light of these results.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 33-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/1445979042000224395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1445979042000224395
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:33-45
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sytze Kingma
Author-X-Name-First: Sytze
Author-X-Name-Last: Kingma
Title: Gambling and the risk society: the liberalisation and legitimation crisis of gambling in the Netherlands
Abstract:
The liberalisation of gambling is associated with gambling addiction;
thus gambling markets can be interpreted in line with Ulrich Beck's thesis
of the 'risk society'. This article analyses the dynamics of
the risk society in the case of Dutch gambling markets. It is argued that
a paradigm shift relative to gambling policy—from the 'alibi
model' to the 'risk model'—has created a
legitimation crisis of gambling policy in the Netherlands. This crisis is
characterised by a chain of small but significant adjustments to market
forces, justified by changing and often contradictory policy motives.
Although gambling markets increasingly tend to be regulated with reference
to risks, what exactly constitutes these risks is in many cases
controversial. This article highlights the ambiguous nature of the risk
society and commercialised gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 47-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/1445979042000224403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1445979042000224403
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:47-67
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: Suicidality and depression among youth gamblers: a preliminary examination of three studies
Abstract:
Both suicide and problem gambling among youth are two growing areas of
public health concern, though studies have yet to characterise the
relationship between these issues. Youth report higher prevalence rates of
problem gambling than adults, but no studies to date have investigated
whether they are likewise prone to higher risks of gambling‐related
suicidality. This article explores the relationship of depression,
suicidality, and problem gambling in youth in three studies of middle and
high‐school students (total N = 3,941; males
n = 1,937, females n = 2,004) conducted
in 1996, 2000, and 2001 in Quebec and Ontario. All studies reported
significantly higher rates of suicidality among problem and pathological
gamblers as compared to non‐gamblers and social gamblers,
irrespective of gender, grade, or level of depression. The implications
for future investigations are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 69-80
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/1445979042000224412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1445979042000224412
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:69-80
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Nicole Peden
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: Peden
Author-Name: Karyn Makarchuk
Author-X-Name-First: Karyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Makarchuk
Title: Self-efficacy in pathological gambling treatment outcome: development of a gambling abstinence self-efficacy scale (GASS)
Abstract:
A 21-item measure of gambling abstinence self-efficacy (GASS) was
developed. A principal component analysis of 101 pathological gamblers
supported the use of a total score that showed good internal (α=.93)
and retest reliability (ICC (n=35)=.86) as well as four subscales: 1)
winning/external situations (6 items, α=.91); 2) negative emotions
(9 items, α=.87); 3) positive mood/testing/urges (3 items,
α=.70); 4) social factors (3 items, α=.81). The total and
subscales showed moderate relationships with single item ratings of
confidence to abstain from gambling and weak or non-significance
relationships with demographic and gambling-related variables. The total
score and three of the subscales showed evidence of predictive validity
for gamblers not currently involved with treatment. Higher self-efficacy
was related to fewer days of gambling over a 12-month period. These
results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of
the GASS.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 99-108
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296947
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:99-108
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Felsher
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Felsher
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Lottery participation by youth with gambling problems: are lottery tickets a gateway to other gambling venues?
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the types of gambling
activities youths with gambling problems participate in and whether the
lottery is a key gambling venue for these young people. Secondly, we
sought to ascertain whether youths with gambling problems display similar
gambling behaviour with lottery tickets as those addicted to traditional
forms of gambling. Participants were 1,072 young people, 10-18 years of
age, in Ontario, Canada. Youths with gambling problems reported having a
preference for lottery tickets compared to other forms of gambling.
Differences were found for the frequency with which probable pathological
gamblers reported going to the store specifically to purchase lottery
tickets. Furthermore, probable pathological gamblers reported chasing
their losses after having played the lottery more than the other gambling
groups. This research demonstrates that youths with gambling problems
gamble primarily with lottery products and exhibit similar pathological
gambling behaviour (e.g., chasing) as those individuals addicted to other
forms of gambling venues. Furthermore, the results suggest that lottery
tickets are a potentially addictive activity that introduces youth to the
exciting properties of gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 109-125
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296956
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296956
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:109-125
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra O'Brien Cousins
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Brien Cousins
Author-Name: Chad Witcher
Author-X-Name-First: Chad
Author-X-Name-Last: Witcher
Title: Older women living the bingo stereotype: 'well, so what? I play bingo. I'm not out drinkin'. I'm not out boozin''
Abstract:
Stigmas about 'little old ladies' in bingo halls highlight a leisure
phenomenon that has received very little research. This study explored the
meaning and lifestyles of elderly women who play bingo every week.
In-depth interviews were conducted with eight women and a nine-person
focus group in Edmonton, Alberta. Verbatim transcriptions of each
interview facilitated content reduction and story reconstruction using
approaches described in Goodall (2000). Narrative summaries included
biographical sketches and stories related to: 1) life patterns of bingo
participation; 2) reasons to play; 3) life experiences with bingo or other
gambling; and 4) implications for active living, health and wellness.
After a childhood introduction, bingo activity re-started in mid-life or
later as a way to enjoy leisure time by 'being with people' and 'getting
out' 'for something to do' Although bingo is a sedentary leisure choice,
the game seems harshly judged by society when the players themselves
relate compelling reasons to play that relate to enjoyment of their
leisure time and the enhancement of their well-being.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 127-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296965
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:127-146
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Messerlian
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Messerlian
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: A public health perspective for youth gambling
Abstract:
The recent emergence of gambling problems among youth around the world is
alarming. For those most vulnerable in our society, children and
adolescents, problem gambling presents a serious public health concern.
Our current knowledge and understanding of the magnitude of the problem
and its considerable impact upon the well-being of youth compels us to
respond in a timely and effective manner. A general public health paradigm
to gambling, originally articulated by Wynne (1997) and Korn and Shaffer
(1999), highlights the importance of such an approach. However, a
conceptual model and framework to understand and specifically address
youth problem gambling within a public health framework is needed. This
article articulates a theoretical framework and model that will help
facilitate the development, implementation and evaluation of a
comprehensive, multi-level health promotion and prevention strategy for
youth problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 147-160
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:147-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Schellinck
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Schellinck
Author-Name: Tracy Schrans
Author-X-Name-First: Tracy
Author-X-Name-Last: Schrans
Title: Gaining control: trends in the processes of change for video lottery terminal gamblers
Abstract:
This study examined the processes of change used by problem gamblers in
the action and maintenance stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change
(TTM) as proposed in the research by Prochaska and DiClemente. A sample of
25 problem gamblers in the action stage and 38 in the maintenance stage
were compared in terms of usage of three of these processes
(counterconditioning, stimulus control and reinforcement management). Two
mediating variables, self-efficacy and situational temptation, were also
assessed. As hypothesised, the usage of counterconditioning and stimulus
control declined significantly between the action and maintenance stages.
No change was found in reinforcement management between the stages.
Self-efficacy increased and situational temptation declined between the
action and maintenance stages. Problem gamblers made significant use of
these processes suggesting the TTM model is applicable to problem
gambling. The discussion focuses on possible regulatory and venue operator
actions that might help the problem gambler utilise these processes in the
natural recovery process.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 161-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:161-174
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Skitch
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Skitch
Author-Name: David Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Impulsivity, compulsivity and pathological gambling: an exploratory study of pathological gambling as an impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum disorder
Abstract:
The current study was conducted to examine pathological gambling as an
impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum disorder. University students (N=162)
who gambled a minimum of twice monthly completed measures of impulsivity,
compulsivity and pathological gambling. Instruments completed included:
measures of problem gambling severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen, NORC
DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems, Canadian Problem Gambling Index,
Victorian Gambling Screen), the Padua Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity
Scale and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results supported
previous research indicating that pathological gamblers had elevated
scores on measures of impulsivity and compulsivity, as well as personality
factors correlated with these two constructs. Moreover, impulsivity and
compulsivity were found to be interrelated as proposed by the
impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum model.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 175-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2004
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790412331296992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790412331296992
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:4:y:2004:i:2:p:175-188
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Title: Gambling Across Cultures: Mapping Worldwide Occurrence and Learning from Ethnographic Comparison
Abstract:
This paper first maps the distribution of indigenous gambling in cultures
around the world. On the basis of extensive ethnographic and historical
evidence, it is concluded that gambling is not a universal phenomenon;
prior to the era of European colonisation, non-gambling societies appear
to have covered large areas of the globe. The pattern of gambling and
non-gambling peoples and nations invites speculation and investigation.
The second part of the paper reviews and critically discusses statistical
cross-cultural studies that have aimed to uncover factors that promote or
restrain the playing of games of chance and the practice of gambling. Some
of these factors, which allow us to predict to a certain extent the
presence and intensity of gambling in societies, are: the presence of
commercially used money, social inequality, societal complexity, and the
presence of certain kinds of competitive inter-tribal relations.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500097913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500097913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:1-27
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sue Scull
Author-X-Name-First: Sue
Author-X-Name-Last: Scull
Author-Name: Geoffrey Woolcock
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolcock
Title: Problem Gambling in Non-English Speaking Background Communities in Queensland, Australia: A Qualitative Exploration
Abstract:
This paper provides an overview of qualitative research into problem
gambling among non-English speaking background (NESB) communities in
Queensland, Australia. The focus for this pilot study was the Chinese,
Greek and Vietnamese communities. Using qualitative methodologies, this
community-based research explored the motivations for gambling, and the
impacts of problem gambling upon individuals and communities. Findings
indicate that problem gambling is evident in each of the communities of
study, but the issue is characterised by a pervasive sense of denial.
Gambling is an issue of enormous shame and stigma, not only for the
problem gambler but their entire family. As a result, most problem
gamblers do not seek professional help but try to resolve the problem
themselves or within the family unit. Research findings indicate that
service access could be increased through a range of strategies including
the provision of culturally appropriate community education and gambling
help services, partnerships between NESB communities, gambling help
services and community workers, and the development and implementation of
preventative strategies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 29-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500097939
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500097939
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:29-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Thompson
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson
Author-Name: Michael Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: Simon Milton
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Milton
Author-Name: Emma Djukic
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Djukic
Title: Explaining the High False Positive Rate of the South Oaks Gambling Screen
Abstract:
The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) has been used extensively in
estimating the prevalence of pathological gambling but produces a large
number of false positive classifications. Ladouceur et al. (2000,
Journal of Gambling Studies, 16, pp. 1--24) claim that
misunderstanding of SOGS items is responsible for the high false positive
rate. However, their study is open to a number of methodological
criticisms. The current study, where clinical and non-clinical gamblers
complete the SOGS with and without clarification, overcomes these
problems. Results suggest that clarification does not have a significant
overall effect on SOGS scores. This implies that item misunderstanding is
not responsible for the false positive rate of the SOGS.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 45-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500097970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500097970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:45-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Russell Hoye
Author-X-Name-First: Russell
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoye
Title: A Sure Bet: Privatisation of the Victorian TAB
Abstract:
The Victorian Totalisator Agency Board (TAB) was privatised by the
Victorian state government in 1994, creating a publicly owned company
TABCORP Holdings Limited. The purpose of this paper is to review the
rationale, process and impact of the privatisation of the TAB. It is
argued that the Victorian TAB was privatised to reduce state government
debt, secure the long term future of the Victorian racing industry, and
modernise the operational capability of a statutory authority ill-placed
to compete in a rapidly changing Australian gambling marketplace. While
the process of privatisation attracted a degree of controversy,
privatising the TAB delivered significant economic and political benefits
to the state of Victoria, shareholders of TABCORP, and the Victorian
racing industry. The future growth strategies of commercial gambling
enterprises in Australia are in part dictated by the challenges and
constraints posed by a state-based regulatory regime for gambling in
Australia.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 85-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500098028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500098028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:85-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Jamie Wiebe
Author-X-Name-First: Jamie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebe
Author-Name: Agata Falkowski-Ham
Author-X-Name-First: Agata
Author-X-Name-Last: Falkowski-Ham
Author-Name: Jon Kelly
Author-X-Name-First: Jon
Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly
Author-Name: Wayne Skinner
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Skinner
Title: Public Awareness of Responsible Gambling and Gambling Behaviours in Ontario
Abstract:
This study reports the findings of a general population telephone survey
(N =2500) conducted in Ontario, which was designed to examine behaviour,
knowledge and attitudes related to responsible and problem gambling using
a combination of closed- and open-ended questions. When asked to identify
'signs and symptoms of problem gambling' or to define
responsible gambling, most respondents focused on financial issues
suggesting that the general population has a very narrow view of the issue
of problem gambling. The majority (65.8%) are not aware of any initiatives
to reduce problem gambling; however, we found that people who participate
in slots and instant lotteries were more likely to report being aware of
initiatives to reduce problem gambling. These findings suggest that people
do notice the presence of the help-line number on tickets and slot
machines. The survey also examined responsible gambling behaviour and
biases in beliefs about gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 95-112
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500098044
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500098044
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:95-112
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Fernández-Alba
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Alba
Author-Name: Francisco J. Labrador
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Labrador
Title: Sociodemographic, Psychopathological and Clinical Characteristics of Pathological Slot-Machine Gamblers in Treatment: A Descriptive Study of Spanish Male Gamblers
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to describe the sociodemographic,
psychopathological, and clinical characteristics of a sample of Spanish
male pathological slot-machine gamblers in treatment. The sample was made
up of 80 men who met the criteria of the DSM-IV for pathological gambling.
The mean age was 29 years, and the mean age at which they had started
slot-machine gambling was 20 years, with a mean problem duration of three
years before they sought treatment. Regarding employment status, service
sector workers were the most frequently represented (36.3%), followed by
students (20%) and the unemployed (15%). The most influential
psychopathological variables noted were the prevalence of affective
disorders (36.2%), past abuse of alcohol (12.5%), and regular use of
illegal substances (26.3%), either in the past or at the time of seeking
treatment. Also discussed is the low age of the men seeking treatment for
gambling problems, the way they finance their gambling and explanations
for their gambling behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 113-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500098051
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500098051
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:113-122
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Marshall
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Marshall
Title: Book Reviews
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 123-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500098085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500098085
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:1:p:123-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. Richard Werthamer
Author-X-Name-First: N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard Werthamer
Title: Optimal Betting in Casino Blackjack
Abstract:
In casino blackjack, the odds fluctuate from round to round as cards are
dealt from a randomly shuffled pack. A player who 'counts
cards' can estimate the odds on the next round and so can vary his
bet size accordingly: better-than-average odds warrant a larger bet. The
optimal relationship of bet to count is derived here under the criterion
of maximum expected increase in capital per round subject to a specified
risk of ruin. The optimisation analysis is complicated by the need to
impose lower and possibly upper bounds on the bet size. A family of
optimal betting schemes is found, depending on the risk selected and other
parameters; among this family is the one found by Harris, Janecek and
Yamashita using a different optimisation criterion. Representative
computational results are displayed for a typical set of blackjack
conditions. Some commentary is given on the choice of a bet scheme from
the optimal family, depending on the player's style and objectives.
Remarks are also made about Kelly betting, in the context of risk.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 253-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2005
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790500303485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790500303485
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:5:y:2005:i:2:p:253-270
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan McMillen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: McMillen
Title: Note from the Editor
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600643798
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600643798
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:1-3
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan McMillen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: McMillen
Author-Name: Bruce Doran
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Doran
Title: Problem Gambling and Gaming Machine Density: Socio-spatial Analysis of Three Victorian Localities
Abstract:
This paper examines the debate about possible relationships between
problem gambling and accessibility to electronic gaming machines (EGMs),
in the context of the Victorian Government's policy that imposed a
'cap' on EGMs in disadvantaged communities. Using GIS
(Geographical Information Systems), the spatial distribution of social
disadvantage in three 'capped' localities was compared with
the spatial distribution of gaming venues and patterns of concentrated EGM
expenditure during 2001--2005, including seasonal trends. Research
revealed different relationships between spatial and social categories in
the study localities, indicating the need for more systematic local area
analysis. This research raises questions about the limitations of
conventional methodologies and regulatory strategies based on simple
measures such as gaming machine density. We propose improvements to the
methodology to better measure the changing level of local supply and
demand for machine gaming.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 5-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600644093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600644093
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:5-29
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Grant Kalischuk
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Grant
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalischuk
Author-Name: Nadine Nowatzki
Author-X-Name-First: Nadine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nowatzki
Author-Name: Kelly Cardwell
Author-X-Name-First: Kelly
Author-X-Name-Last: Cardwell
Author-Name: Kurt Klein
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein
Author-Name: Jason Solowoniuk
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Solowoniuk
Title: Problem Gambling and its Impact on Families: A Literature Review
Abstract:
This paper offers an overview of the existing literature concerning
problem gambling and families and identifies gaps in current research
knowledge on this topic. Relevant theoretical perspectives are outlined
and the role of familial factors in the development of problem gambling is
discussed. This is followed by a focused review of the effects of problem
gambling on family members, specifically the spouse, children and parents.
Available treatments and therapies for family members are also reviewed.
The paper concludes by identifying the limitations of existing knowledge
and some directions for future research on this topic.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 31-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600644176
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600644176
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:31-60
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Impulsivity and Pathological Gambling: A Descriptive Model
Abstract:
The DSM-IV-TR classifies pathological gambling as a disorder of impulse
control. Empirical studies have noted elevated levels of impulsivity in
pathological gamblers and putative functional relationships between
impulsivity, severity of gambling problems and treatment attrition.
However the concept of impulsivity has been variably defined with a
persistent failure to clearly articulate the specific nature of
impulsivity as a state or trait or its role in the etiology and
maintenance of pathological gambling. This paper: (a) reviews the
literature on impulsivity as it relates to gambling behaviour; and (b)
proposes a descriptive model that integrates predisposing factors,
individual differences, sociological influences, cognitive factors, and
affective interpretations that combine to generate dysfunctional forms of
impulsivity that fuels the gambling cycle; and (c) explores directions for
further theoretical and empirical investigation.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 61-75
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600644192
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600644192
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:61-75
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vanchai Ariyabuddhiphongs
Author-X-Name-First: Vanchai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ariyabuddhiphongs
Title: A Test of the Social Cognitive Model of Lottery Gambling in Thailand
Abstract:
This paper reviews lottery gambling research using Bandura's (1986)
social cognitive model framework. It also describes a partial test of the
model among lottery gamblers in Thailand. The study hypothesised that
lottery gambling is related to income levels and that respondents high in
cognitive bias, money consciousness and hope, and those whose family
members also played lottery would bet more frequently and more money on
lotteries and chase particular numbers. Nine hundred and fifty lottery
gamblers participated in the study. Log linear modelling was used to
analyse the data. The resulting models found cognitive bias, frequency and
amount spent on lottery purchases in a three-way relationship. Levels of
income, money consciousness, hope and family members' lottery play were
related to the frequency and independently to amounts spent on lottery
purchases. Cognitive bias, money consciousness, hope and family members'
lottery play were related to chasing of particular lottery numbers. The
results of the study confirm the validity of applying social cognitive
models to lottery gambling and suggest that lottery gamblers be informed
of their small chance of winning on lotteries.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 77-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600644218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600644218
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:77-93
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan McMillen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: McMillen
Title: Book Reviews
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 95-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600644226
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600644226
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:1:p:95-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chrisi Lambos
Author-X-Name-First: Chrisi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambos
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Title: Numerical Reasoning Ability and Irrational Beliefs in Problem Gambling
Abstract:
Numerous studies have shown that pathological gamblers are particularly
prone to various cognitive biases that may explain why they continue to
gamble despite having occurred substantial losses. A common explanation
advanced to account for this finding is that pathological gamblers may
have poorer numerical or statistical knowledge than other people.
Addressing these deficits is therefore seen as one possible way in which
to assist pathological gamblers or prevent the development of problematic
behaviour within the broader community. The aim of this study was test
this assumption by assessing the numerical reasoning skills, objective
gambling knowledge and tendency towards biased reasoning in a sample of 90
regular poker-machine gamblers (pathological and non-pathological) and a
non-gambling comparison group (n = 45). Analyses based on both
group comparisons and regression analyses controlling for differences in
educational attainment showed that pathological gamblers scored
significantly higher on the cognitive biases measure than other gamblers.
However, this difference could not be attributed to poorer knowledge of
gambling odds or limited numerical ability among pathological gamblers.
The findings suggest that educating pathological gamblers with greater
knowledge about the odds of gambling is unlikely to be an effective harm
minimisation strategy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 157-171
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387428
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387428
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:157-171
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bryan A. Castelda
Author-X-Name-First: Bryan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Castelda
Author-Name: Richard E. Mattson
Author-X-Name-First: Richard E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mattson
Author-Name: James Mackillop
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Mackillop
Author-Name: Emily J. Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Emily J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Peter J. Donovick
Author-X-Name-First: Peter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Donovick
Title: Psychometric Validation of the Gambling Passion Scale (GPS) in an English-speaking University Sample
Abstract:
The Gambling Passion Scale (GPS) is a recently developed research
instrument for assessing individuals' passion for gambling. Because the
psychometric properties of the GPS have only previously been examined in
French Canadians, the aim of this study was to replicate previous
psychometric findings in an English-speaking university sample.
Participants (female: n = 58; male: n = 89) were drawn
from a university campus based on self-reported experience with gambling
indexed by scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). The two-factor
structure reported by Rousseau et al. (Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1),
pp. 45--66, 2002) was largely replicated in this sample, as were
relationships between 'obsessive passion' and negative
consequences stemming from gambling. These results support the validity of
the GPS as a measure of gambling passion in English-speaking university
gamblers and its potential to contribute to understanding problem
gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 173-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387485
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:173-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John W. Welte
Author-X-Name-First: John W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Welte
Author-Name: Grace M. Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Grace M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: William F. Wieczorek
Author-X-Name-First: William F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wieczorek
Author-Name: Marie-Cecile O. Tidwell
Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Cecile O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tidwell
Author-Name: Joseph H. Hoffman
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffman
Title: Type of Gambling and Availability as Risk Factors for Problem Gambling: A Tobit Regression Analysis by Age and Gender
Abstract:
A telephone survey of 2631 US adults was analysed to determine how
particular types of gambling and gambling availability were related to
problem gambling by age and gender. Casinos produced the most problems per
daily participation. Casinos and lottery gambling produced the most
society-wide problems. Lotteries, casinos, gambling machines and bingo
produced the most overall problems in women; for men it was casinos and
cards. Casinos, lotteries and gambling machines produced the most overall
problems for people over age 29; for people under 30 it was cards and
casinos. Residential proximity to casinos predicted gambling problems in
males 30 years or older; for those under 30 friends' approval of gambling
predicted gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-198
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387543
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387543
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:183-198
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam S. Goodie
Author-X-Name-First: Adam S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodie
Author-Name: Chad E. Lakey
Author-X-Name-First: Chad E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lakey
Title: Lottery Participation as a Marker of and Contributor to Gambling-related Problems in College Students
Abstract:
We examined the role of lottery participation in contributing to
gambling-related problems, using a sample of 351 college students who
self-identified as frequent gamblers, including a sub-sample of 133
frequent lottery gamblers. Participants completed the DSM-IV based
Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity and two cognitive tasks, the
Georgia Gambling Task (GGT) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Among all
individuals, lottery participation predicted gambling-related problems,
but this was non-significant among frequent lottery gamblers. Gambling
problems were related to number of frequent gambling modalities, but were
lessened if one of the modalities was lottery participation and did not
relate to the performance measures on the GGT or IGT. We conclude that
lottery participation is a marker for gambling-related problems, but that
it contributes to gambling problems in only a secondary way and only in
the presence of other frequent gambling activity in this population.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 199-211
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387568
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:199-211
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Title: The Good, the Bad and the Unhappy: The Cultural Meanings of Newspaper Reporting on Jackpot Winners
Abstract:
Accounts of jackpot winners and big gambling wins are common in Swedish
newspapers. Analysis of over 2000 such newspaper articles reveals that
their content is structured according to specific themes and cultural
topics. Four such topics are identified: wealth as a test of morals and
character, the social impact of wealth, the just and good world, and luck
and the occult. Culturally structured narratives like these—which
elaborate on mythological and moralistic schemes of good and evil, rewards
and punishments, and which concern questions of human nature and social
values—have a long history in folk tradition and in Christian moral
teachings. Jackpot wins provide a discursive realm for moral and
existential questions that, to some extent, fills a void left by the
decline of traditional folklore and formal religion. Apparently, this
discourse stimulates interest in games and constitutes one of the cultural
roots of contemporary gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 213-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387667
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:213-232
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ALICIA GIBSON
Author-X-Name-First: ALICIA
Author-X-Name-Last: GIBSON
Title: The Security of Gambling and Gambling with Security: Hacking, Law Enforcement and Public Policy—A South African Response
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 233-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387709
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:233-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Micheil Brodie
Author-X-Name-First: Micheil
Author-X-Name-Last: Brodie
Title: Book Reviews
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 253-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701387808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701387808
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:2:p:253-257
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zeng Zhonglu
Author-X-Name-First: Zeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhonglu
Author-Name: Zhang Dongmei
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang
Author-X-Name-Last: Dongmei
Title: A Profile of Lottery Players in Guangzhou, China
Abstract:
This research reports results from a survey of 1,101 lottery ticket
buyers in Guangzhou, China. We found that the majority of lottery ticket
buyers were young and middle-aged males with above-average-income and an
education of high school/professional school or higher. Their buying
behaviour usually continued for many years once they began to play. The
amount of each purchase was moderate. Most reported spending less than 10%
of their monthly income on the lottery each month. The majority claimed to
buy lottery tickets purely for entertainment purpose while the second
largest group bought lottery tickets in order to win money. The lottery
business has provided more choices for meeting people's entertainment
needs, and has great potential for further development. However, there
were a relatively high percentage of buyers who bought lottery tickets
beyond the level that was probably affordable given their income. This
group should be paid special attention in order to avoid negative effects
of the lottery.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 265-280
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601430
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:265-280
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Author-Name: Hayley R. Baboushkin
Author-X-Name-First: Hayley R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Baboushkin
Title: Underlying Cognitions in Children's Gambling Behavior: Can they be Modified?
Abstract:
Research examining cognitive perceptions among children has suggested the
importance of perceived skill and luck in initiating and maintaining
gambling behavior. Using an experimentally manipulated gambling paradigm
modifying rates of reinforcement the results suggest, in general, that one
can modify these cognitions. More importantly, the results from the
gambling task were found to generalize to multiple forms of gambling and
were maintained over a relatively short period of time. The modifications
of these perceptions appear to be easier for younger children (age 10 vs
12), with differential effects being found for boys and girls. The results
are discussed in light of our current prevention initiatives and programs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 281-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601448
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:281-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DAVE CLARKE
Author-X-Name-First: DAVE
Author-X-Name-Last: CLARKE
Author-Name: SAMSON TSE
Author-X-Name-First: SAMSON
Author-X-Name-Last: TSE
Author-Name: MAX W. ABBOTT
Author-X-Name-First: MAX W.
Author-X-Name-Last: ABBOTT
Author-Name: SONIA TOWNSEND
Author-X-Name-First: SONIA
Author-X-Name-Last: TOWNSEND
Author-Name: PEFI KINGI
Author-X-Name-First: PEFI
Author-X-Name-Last: KINGI
Author-Name: WIREMU MANAIA
Author-X-Name-First: WIREMU
Author-X-Name-Last: MANAIA
Title: Reasons for Starting and Continuing Gambling in a Mixed Ethnic Community Sample of Pathological and Non-problem Gamblers
Abstract:
Very few studies have investigated motivational differences between
pathological gamblers (PG) and non-problem gamblers (NPG), or between men
and women. Motives for starting gambling have not been distinguished from
motives for continuing gambling. From a community survey questionnaire
listing reasons generated from the population studied, the motives of 103
current PG met the DSM-IV-TR criteria of five or more symptoms within the
12 months to October 2004. NPG assented to less than three symptoms.
Generally, PG had significantly stronger motives than NPG and preferred
continuous forms of gambling. There were no overall gender differences in
motives, but electronic gaming machines and bingo were the primary choices
for female PG. Gambling to escape from stress and troubles increased for
PG but not for NPG, while gambling for social reasons decreased for both
groups. Because of disproportionate numbers of PG and NPG in the
Caucasian, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian groups, ethnic differences were
not examined. The findings supported some aspects of theories of gambling
motivation. Lowering stress for PG, raising community awareness of the
risk of gambling to socialize and undertaking longitudinal research in
community samples were suggested.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 299-313
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601455
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:299-313
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LAURA DIXON
Author-X-Name-First: LAURA
Author-X-Name-Last: DIXON
Author-Name: RICHARD TRIGG
Author-X-Name-First: RICHARD
Author-X-Name-Last: TRIGG
Author-Name: MARK GRIFFITHS
Author-X-Name-First: MARK
Author-X-Name-Last: GRIFFITHS
Title: An Empirical Investigation of Music and Gambling Behaviour
Abstract:
There has been an increasing amount of research that has examined the
structural and situational characteristics of gambling behaviour. However,
there is a lack of research examining the role of music and gambling. This
study investigated the effects of background music on virtual roulette
gaming behaviour under laboratory conditions. There was one independent
variable of music with three conditions. The three conditions were (i) no
music, (ii) slow tempo music, and (iii) fast music. A total of 60
participants were allocated to one of the three conditions. Ten games of
roulette were played with speed of betting, amount spent across high,
medium and low-level risk bets and total amount spent recorded. The winner
with the most money at the end of the session was rewarded with a
non-monetary prize. Results indicated that speed of betting was influenced
by musical tempo with faster betting occurring while listening to higher
tempo music. There was no relationship between musical tempo and either
the size of the bet or the overall amount spent. The results provide
valuable insight into how background music can be manipulated to increase
betting speed. The implications of these findings for problem gambling
management and commercial benefits are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 315-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601471
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601471
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:315-326
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Author-Name: Tony Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: Matthew Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens
Author-Name: Marisa Paterson
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Paterson
Author-Name: Mary Morris
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris
Title: The Changing Landscape of Indigenous Gambling in Northern Australia: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Abstract:
Little is formally known about the gambling practices, both regulated
(e.g. poker machines) and unregulated (e.g. card games), of indigenous
people in northern Australia, nor of the range of social consequences of
these practices. To begin addressing this shortfall, a scoping study of
indigenous gambling in the Northern Territory (NT) was conducted. This
paper reports the key findings of this study and integrates them with
information on indigenous gambling from the Northern Territory Prevalence
Survey 2005 and from the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Social Survey 2002. The emergent picture of indigenous gambling in the NT
is one of widespread incorporation of gambling, both regulated and
unregulated, into contemporary indigenous social practices with
considerable negative consequence. However, the strength of this
conclusion is tempered by the paucity of available data, by the
limitations of existing gambling research methodologies and by the scoping
purpose of the exercise.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 327-343
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601497
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601497
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:327-343
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BARBARA A. HIRSHORN
Author-X-Name-First: BARBARA A.
Author-X-Name-Last: HIRSHORN
Author-Name: CHERI A. YOUNG
Author-X-Name-First: CHERI A.
Author-X-Name-Last: YOUNG
Author-Name: BO J. BERNHARD
Author-X-Name-First: BO J.
Author-X-Name-Last: BERNHARD
Title: Factors Associated with Recreational Gambling Frequency among Older Adults
Abstract:
Although a steady increase in the number of legalized gambling venues is
occurring, few studies have empirically investigated the determinants of
recreational gambling frequency among older adults. This investigation is
based on a random-digit dialling sample of 290 residents 55 and older in
the Las Vegas, Nevada, USA area whom self-reported that they currently
gamble, had moved to Las Vegas after the age of 18, and were not problem
or pathological gamblers. Using ordinal regression methods, we examined
the impact upon gambling frequency of the following factors: age when
moved to the community; considerations motivating in-migration to the
community; and social interaction during gambling; as well as age; sex;
income; and marital status. Results indicate that more frequent gamblers
are single, male, 55--60 years old, gamble with friends, moved to Las
Vegas to live after the age of 40 and for whom gambling was an important
motivation for moving to Las Vegas.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 345-360
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601513
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601513
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:345-360
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Author-Name: Richard Woolley
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley
Title: Risky Business: A Few Provocations on the Regulation of Electronic Gaming Machines
Abstract:
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) proliferate in Australian club and
hotel venues, generating revenues of billions of dollars annually and
accounting for the majority of gambling expenditure. These revenues
arguably rely on unsafe consumption practices, generating considerable
harm. Clear evidence is available describing unsafe levels of EGM
consumption by regular EGM consumers in hotels and clubs, and indicating
modifications to EGM technology and systems to minimize harm. However, a
comfortable orthodoxy, the discourse of 'business as usual',
perpetuates current arrangements, sustaining in particular a model of the
'problem' gambler as an individualized flawed consumer. The
article argues that the marketing and distribution of EGMs is neither
accidental nor something for which the individual is responsible, and
neither is the safeguarding of oneself from the harm produced by goods
licensed by government. Pursuit of a goal of safe consumption for all EGM
gamblers requires disruption of the discourse of business as usual.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 361-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701601810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701601810
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:3:p:361-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: NERILEE HING
Author-X-Name-First: NERILEE
Author-X-Name-Last: HING
Author-Name: HELEN BREEN
Author-X-Name-First: HELEN
Author-X-Name-Last: BREEN
Title: Risk and Protective Factors Relating to Gambling by Employees of Gaming Venues
Abstract:
This paper examines how the work environment in gaming venues can
influence employee gambling behaviour and how gaming venues can further
discourage problem gambling by their staff. Interviews with 86 staff and
73 managers of clubs, hotels and casinos, and with 32 gambling counsellors
and six problem gamblers who work in gaming venues revealed numerous
workplace factors that can encourage, discourage or have no influence on
employee gambling. These are synthesised into a theoretical framework and
risk, moderating and protective factors and interventions relating to
propensity to gamble, gambling products and services, and gambling
outcomes and consequences for gaming venue staff are identified.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701870100
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701870100
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:1-23
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LAURIE DICKSON
Author-X-Name-First: LAURIE
Author-X-Name-Last: DICKSON
Author-Name: JEFFREY L. DEREVENSKY
Author-X-Name-First: JEFFREY L.
Author-X-Name-Last: DEREVENSKY
Author-Name: RINA GUPTA
Author-X-Name-First: RINA
Author-X-Name-Last: GUPTA
Title: Youth Gambling Problems: Examining Risk and Protective Factors
Abstract:
This study examined the relationship between several pre-examined risk
factors for youth problem gambling, a number of potential protective
factors for youth problem gambling, and the development of adolescent
problem gambling. The sample consisted of 2179 students, ages 11--19. The
results of analyses of variance revealed that lower family and school
connectedness are associated with adolescent problem gambling. Further, an
examination of the effect of potential protective factors on a set of risk
factors predictive of adolescent problem gambling suggests that lack of
family cohesion plays a role in predicting at-risk and problem gamblers.
The results are framed in terms of a general model of risky behaviour and
implications for prevention are outlined.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 25-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701870118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701870118
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:25-47
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: PHILIP J. SCHLUTER
Author-X-Name-First: PHILIP J.
Author-X-Name-Last: SCHLUTER
Author-Name: MAX W. ABBOTT
Author-X-Name-First: MAX W.
Author-X-Name-Last: ABBOTT
Author-Name: MARIA E. BELLRINGER
Author-X-Name-First: MARIA E.
Author-X-Name-Last: BELLRINGER
Title: Problem Gambling related to Intimate Partner Violence: findings from the Pacific Islands Families Study
Abstract:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and problem gambling are becoming
increasingly significant public health issues, especially amongst Pacific
populations within New Zealand, yet no general population studies have
explicitly investigated the association between these factors. This study
aims to determine whether problem gambling is an independent risk factor
for IPV victimization in 700 couples with a Pacific infant, after
accounting for problem drinking. Victimization of any and severe physical
IPV was indicated for 33% and 18% mothers, and 38% and 22% fathers,
respectively. For mothers, 1% were classified as problem gamblers and 15%
as problem drinkers; while for fathers, 2% were defined as problem
gamblers and 26% as problem drinkers. In this first published study to
simultaneously relate current problem gambling to IPV victimization in a
general population, no association could be found.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 49-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701870134
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701870134
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:49-61
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. RICHARD WERTHAMER
Author-X-Name-First: N. RICHARD
Author-X-Name-Last: WERTHAMER
Title: Optimal Betting in Casino Blackjack III: Table-Hopping
Abstract:
The casino blackjack technique usually called back-counting, or
'wonging', consists of beginning play
('entry') at a table only after an indicator of
favourability exceeds a certain threshold. The back-counter is also
advised to leave the table at a threshold of unfavourability, most usually
after entry (here termed 'exit') but sometimes also before
entry (here termed 'departure'). I have analysed these
thresholds previously and obtained optimal entry and exit criteria based
on maximizing the total cash value of the table between successive
shuffles, recognizing that only some of its rounds are actually played.
Here I extend and complete that investigation to include the value from a
second, freshly-shuffled table, played after either departure or exit,
until the first table is reshuffled; this extension is here termed
'table-hopping'. An optimal departure point arises in
table-hopping that does not appear when considering only a single table.
Optimal table-hopping offers an important incremental advantage to its
practitioner, here quantified for several representative game conditions,
sufficient to make attractive several well-camouflaged betting methods.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 63-75
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701870142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701870142
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:63-75
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: MARTIN YOUNG
Author-X-Name-First: MARTIN
Author-X-Name-Last: YOUNG
Author-Name: MATTHEW STEVENS
Author-X-Name-First: MATTHEW
Author-X-Name-Last: STEVENS
Author-Name: MARY MORRIS
Author-X-Name-First: MARY
Author-X-Name-Last: MORRIS
Title: Problem Gambling within the Non-Indigenous Population of the Northern Territory of Australia: A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors
Abstract:
This paper estimates, through the use of a telephone survey and the
Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI), the prevalence of gambling and
problem gambling among the non-indigenous population of the Northern
Territory, Australia. Multivariate predictive models of regular and
problem gambling group membership were constructed using socio-demographic
and gambling mode variables. Of the socio-demographic variables, household
type (particularly being single or living in a group household) was a
predictor for both gambler types. In addition, male gender and formal
education below tertiary level were associated with regular gambling.
Gambling mode proved to be of greater explanatory power for both groups.
In particular, electronic gaming machines (EGMs) were strongly associated
with problem gambling. While these results provide a necessary knowledge
base, the gaps they highlight are as valuable as the empirical results
they provide. Any comprehensive understanding of risk factors in
demographically distinctive jurisdictions such as the Northern Territory
requires a broader approach; one that meaningfully extends beyond the
non-indigenous population.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 77-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701870571
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701870571
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:77-93
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BONNIE K. LEE
Author-X-Name-First: BONNIE K.
Author-X-Name-Last: LEE
Author-Name: MARTIN ROVERS
Author-X-Name-First: MARTIN
Author-X-Name-Last: ROVERS
Author-Name: LYNNE MACLEAN
Author-X-Name-First: LYNNE
Author-X-Name-Last: MACLEAN
Title: Training Problem Gambling Counsellors in Congruence Couple Therapy: Evaluation of Training Outcomes
Abstract:
Congruence Couple Therapy (CCT) is an integrative, humanistic, systemic
model for problem gambling treatment. This study evaluates the efficacy of
CCT training in imparting key concepts, skills and values of CCT to a
sample of problem gambling counsellors (N = 21) from 13 Ontario
problem gambling treatment programmes. CCT training comprised of a 4-day
residential workshop followed by 12 weeks of CCT application to couples
supported by teleconference consultation. Two cycles of training were
conducted. The evaluations were driven by two controlled designs using
quantitative measures complemented by qualitative data. Triangulated mixed
methods findings indicate that counsellors increased significantly their
knowledge of CCT concepts, values and skills from both training cycles.
Trainee satisfaction was highly positive. Further studies on CCT and CCT
training are recommended in light of these results.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 95-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701878129
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701878129
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:95-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BONNIE K. LEE
Author-X-Name-First: BONNIE K.
Author-X-Name-Last: LEE
Author-Name: MARTIN ROVERS
Author-X-Name-First: MARTIN
Author-X-Name-Last: ROVERS
Title: 'Bringing Torn Lives Together Again': Effects of the First Congruence Couple Therapy Training Application to Clients in Pathological Gambling
Abstract:
Counsellors (N = 21) receiving their first training in
Congruence Couple Therapy (CCT) applied CCT to 1--2 pathological gamblers
(N = 24) and their spouses conjointly at their Ontario treatment
settings. Gamblers' and spouses' pre--post quantitative results indicated
statistically significant reduction of gambling urges and behaviours and
improvement in spousal relationship. However, contrary to hypothesis,
spouses experienced a significant decrease in overall life satisfaction,
specifically in the area of regrets, from pre- to post-treatment. Ratings
of CCT by clients and counsellors indicated high satisfaction of CCT's
effectiveness. Qualitative data based on client and counsellor sources
substantiated quantitative findings and further revealed clinical changes
in four key dimensions addressed by CCT: intrapsychic, interpersonal,
intergenerational and universal--spiritual. Quantitative results are
limited by absence of a control group and low sample size, but are
compensated by a solid base of qualitative findings. Mixed methods yielded
promising preliminary results of CCT's effectiveness in gambling behaviour
and symptom reduction and in improved spousal relationship.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 113-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701878137
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701878137
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:113-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Monaghan
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Monaghan
Title: Book Review
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 131-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701879655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701879655
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:1:p:131-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: Visitors to Northern Australia: Debating the History of Indigenous Gambling
Abstract:
Was gambling introduced to Indigenous Australians1 by British colonists
in 1788 or was it introduced by Macassan fishermen much earlier? Using a
variety of literature resources, it is argued that Indigenous Australian
gambling did exist in regions along Australia's northern coastlines in
pre-colonial times due to the influence of Macassan fishermen. Using an
anthropological model, the adoption of card games and gambling is seen as
an adaptive response to changes in the lives of Indigenous Australians. It
is also argued that Binde's (2005) four conditions for predicting the
presence of gambling in traditional societies are not reliable indicators
for predicting gambling by Indigenous Australians in northern Australia in
pre-colonial times.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 137-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802139975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802139975
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:137-150
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: PAUL DELFABBRO
Author-X-Name-First: PAUL
Author-X-Name-Last: DELFABBRO
Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Limited Reduction in Electronic Gaming Machine Availability on Perceived Gambling Behaviour and Objective Expenditure
Abstract:
In Australia, there is evidence to suggest that there is a positive
association between the geographical accessibility of electronic gaming
machines (EGMs) and the frequency and intensity of gambling in local
areas. Evidence such as this has been used to introduce regulatory
policies to reduce the geographical accessibility of EGMs through the
reduction of gaming machine numbers in venues. The aim of this paper was
to describe the process involved in the 15 per cent reduction in gaming
machine numbers in the state of South Australia and the apparent effects
on gaming revenue and gambling behaviours. Detailed analysis of objective
EGM data as well as survey-based interviews with 400 regular EGM players
provided only limited evidence of behavioural changes or significant
reductions in gaming revenue. The paper describes the nature of industry
responses to circumvent the effects of the reduction in machine numbers
and the implications of these findings for future regulatory policies
relating to EGM gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 151-165
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802139983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802139983
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:151-165
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. WILL SHEAD
Author-X-Name-First: N.
Author-X-Name-Last: WILL SHEAD
Author-Name: DAVID C. HODGINS
Author-X-Name-First: DAVID C.
Author-X-Name-Last: HODGINS
Author-Name: DAVE SCHARF
Author-X-Name-First: DAVE
Author-X-Name-Last: SCHARF
Title: Differences between Poker Players and Non-Poker-Playing Gamblers
Abstract:
Since approximately 2003, the popularity of poker has quickly risen to
unprecedented heights. This study examined poker play among university
students who gamble on a regular basis. A total of 513 undergraduate
students (females = 344, males = 170; mean
age = 22.1) who gamble in some form at least two times per month
completed an online questionnaire; 62.2 per cent (n = 319) of
the respondents reported playing poker for money in the past year. A
logistic regression analysis showed that poker players were more likely to
be male, younger, have higher scores on an index of alcohol abuse, spend
more time gambling and gamble more frequently compared to non-poker
players. A second logistic regression showed that online/casino poker
players were more likely to be male, have higher scores on an index of
problem gambling, spend more time and money gambling, and gamble more
often compared to social/non-poker players. These results are discussed in
terms of the potential of poker's newfound popularity to lead to an
increase in addictive behaviours, particularly among adolescents and young
males.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 167-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802139991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802139991
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:167-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Michael Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: Louise Sharpe
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharpe
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Title: Withdrawal and Tolerance Phenomenon in Problem Gambling
Abstract:
The phenomenological similarities between gambling and substance
dependence have led to the conceptualization of pathological gambling as
an addictive disorder. Tolerance and withdrawal are important features of
both disorders, suggesting commonalities in the neurobiological processes
associated with neuroadaptational underpinnings. However, there are few
empirical studies supporting the presence of tolerance and withdrawal
reported in the gambling literature. Moreover, there are no studies
comparing the equivalence of tolerance and withdrawal between gambling and
alcohol dependence. This study compared tolerance and withdrawal features
in samples of gamblers, alcoholics and gamblers who also met criteria for
alcohol dependence. In contrast to the addiction model, findings indicate
that, while a majority of participants increased bet size, the motivation
to do so was not for excitement or to maintain arousal levels as indicated
by the DSM-IV-TR but because of cognitive factors related to winning.
Results supported the notion that pathological gamblers experienced
similar levels of withdrawal symptom severity as alcohol-dependent
participants. Further research is needed to evaluate whether those
symptoms result from the inability to gamble or from the loss of an
avoidant stress coping strategy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 179-192
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802140007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802140007
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:179-192
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Brooks
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks
Author-Name: Tom Ellis
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Ellis
Author-Name: Chris Lewis
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis
Title: Pachinko: A Japanese Addiction?
Abstract:
Pachinko is an 'amusement arcade' type machine that is
popular throughout Japan, with an estimated 17.1 million
'players' providing an enormous annual revenue of 2.87
trillion yen (US$250 billion). It is simple and easy to play and has all
the hallmarks and structural features of gaming machines worldwide. While
academic discourses on the addictive potential of gaming machines are well
developed, their application to pachinko is very limited. This is,
perhaps, due to a number of factors. First, pachinko is portrayed as a
game rather than as gambling in Japan, so that addiction issues are
ignored or downplayed. Second, most accounts of 'playing'
pachinko are journalistic rather than academic. Third, academics tend to
focus on police corruption and organized crime rather than addiction.
Here, we take the approach that pachinko represents 'gambling by
proxy' and explore its addictive potential. We conclude that unless
pachinko is recognized as a form of gambling, present changes in Japanese
legislation will be of limited value in tackling addiction.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 193-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802168958
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802168958
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:193-205
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shawn R. Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Shawn R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Jianli Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Jianli
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Nady El-Guebaly
Author-X-Name-First: Nady
Author-X-Name-Last: El-Guebaly
Author-Name: Harold Wynne
Author-X-Name-First: Harold
Author-X-Name-Last: Wynne
Title: In Pursuit of Empirically Based Responsible Gambling Limits
Abstract:
The present study sought to (1) obtain expert opinion on the importance
of low-risk limits for the field of gambling; and (2) establish the face
validity for a tentative set of low-risk limits empirically derived from a
recent analysis of population data on gambling (Currie et
al., 2006). Gambling experts (171 researchers, clinicians and
policy-makers in Canada and the United States) completed an online or
paper survey to assess their support for the concept of low-risk gambling
limits, their opinions of existing responsible gambling guidelines and the
face validity of tentative low-risk limits for gambling frequency, dollars
spent, percentage of gross income spent on gambling and duration per
session. The majority of those surveyed endorsed the need for low-risk
limits and rated the limits as being face valid. Concerns voiced
pertaining to their dissemination to the public included the potential for
creating a false sense of security among gamblers, encouraging people to
gamble and difficulties in applying the limits across different forms of
gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 207-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802172265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802172265
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:2:p:207-227
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanne Saint-Charles
Author-X-Name-First: Johanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Saint-Charles
Author-Name: Pierre Mongeau
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Mongeau
Author-Name: Jean-François Biron
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François
Author-X-Name-Last: Biron
Title: A Communication Perspective on Video Lottery Terminals
Abstract:
Video Lottery Terminals (VLT) are associated with pathological gambling
and with most of the requests for help in combating gambling addiction.
Embeddedness of a person in his or her social network is among the
communicational factors that may help explain this phenomenon. To verify
this, we compared ego networks of VLT gamblers, of gamblers of games with
low request for help and of VLT gamblers in treatment (n = 90).
The networks of regular VLT gamblers are small and dense and offer little
social support. Gamblers in treatment also have small networks, but they
are less dense, have more components and offer more social support.
Networks of gamblers with low requests for assistance are approximately
twice the size as those of VLT gamblers, are sparser and offer more
companionship. In conclusion, the VLT gambler is not an isolated
individual, but rather an individual 'shut-in' a small
network of tightly knitted relationships.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 233-247
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802405848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802405848
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:233-247
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Miriam Lyon
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyon
Author-Name: Cara L. Donnelly
Author-X-Name-First: Cara L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Donnelly
Author-Name: Matthew M. Young
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Author-Name: Kimberly Matheson
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberly
Author-X-Name-Last: Matheson
Author-Name: Hymie Anisman
Author-X-Name-First: Hymie
Author-X-Name-Last: Anisman
Title: Episodic Cessation of Gambling: A Numerically Aided Phenomenological Assessment of Why Gamblers Stop Playing in a Given Session
Abstract:
The topic of permanent cessation of gambling behavior has received
increased attention as the rates gaming (and pathology) increase with
accessibility and legalization. Despite this increased attention there is
a paucity of research on why people stop gambling in a given session, i.e.
episodic cessation. We propose that the study of first-person experiential
accounts of why gamblers stopped engaging in play within a given session
will shed light on the progression and maintenance of wagering behavior.
Using numerically aided phenomenology, we systematically examined accounts
of episodic cessation. In doing so, we were able to identifying recurrent
themes and then clustering these accounts according to similarities in
theme profiles. People reported that episodic cessation occurred because
they had lost all their money or because they were forced to (Cluster I),
a sufficient amount of money had been won or lost (Cluster II), and a
priori limits on wins or losses had been reached (Cluster III). As
predicted, gamblers with maladaptive reasons for episodic cessation
(Cluster I and II) reported more illusory perceptions of control and
negative attitudes toward treatment seeking than those who engage in
responsible gambling behavior (Cluster III). Moreover, illusions of
control mediated the effect of cluster membership on attitudes toward
treatment seeking. The findings of the present research help to integrate
recent studies of gambling progression and maintenance.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 249-263
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802405855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802405855
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:249-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham D. I. Barr
Author-X-Name-First: Graham D. I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barr
Author-Name: Ian N. Durbach
Author-X-Name-First: Ian N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Durbach
Title: A Monte Carlo Analysis of Hypothetical Multi-Line Slot Machine Play
Abstract:
Behavioural research into slot machine gambling tends to focus on
characteristics of the gambler or on qualitative aspects of the slot
machine such as audiovisual displays and bonus features. In this paper we
take a different approach by using Monte Carlo simulation to relate
hypothetical slot machine gambling behaviour to the statistical
characteristics of the slot machines themselves. The measures we use --
expected monetary win, volatility of payouts, and the probability that any
single play returns a winning result -- have the advantage that they are
mathematically precise and can be linked to psychological risk and return
criteria that people may look to as they decide both whether to gamble or
not and how to play.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 265-280
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802405889
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802405889
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:265-280
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Umesh Jain
Author-X-Name-First: Umesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Jain
Author-Name: Warren Spence
Author-X-Name-First: Warren
Author-X-Name-Last: Spence
Author-Name: Masood Zangeneh
Author-X-Name-First: Masood
Author-X-Name-Last: Zangeneh
Title: Pathways to Pathological Gambling: Component Analysis of Variables Related to Pathological Gambling
Abstract:
This study used principal components analysis to examine the structure of
variables associated with pathological gambling. A large battery of
questionnaires was administered to a sample of 141 gamblers who ranged
from non-problem gamblers to severe pathological gamblers. We found a
significant relationship between severity of pathological gambling and
various measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, erroneous beliefs,
and reports of early wins. Component analysis of these variables found
four distinct components: emotional vulnerability, impulsivity, erroneous
beliefs, and the experiences of wins. Component scores based on these
components were regressed onto pathological gambling. Emotional
vulnerability had the largest effect (β = 0.54), followed
by early wins (β = 0.32), erroneous beliefs
(β = 0.31), and impulsivity (β = 0.23).
The overall model accounted for 53.4% of the variance of pathological
gambling. The findings confirm the idea that there may be several
different risk factors that explain the development of pathological
gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 281-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802405905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802405905
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:281-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olivier Pelletier
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Pelletier
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Josée Rhéaume
Author-X-Name-First: Josée
Author-X-Name-Last: Rhéaume
Title: Personality Disorders and Pathological Gambling: Comorbidity and Treatment Dropout Predictors
Abstract:
This study describes the personality disorders (PDs) among
French-speaking Canadian gamblers seeking cognitive and behavioural
treatment (CBT) in an external setting. One hundred pathological gamblers
were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II
(SCID-II) in four different treatment centres for problem gambling.
Sixty-four per cent had at least one comorbid PD according to the
semi-structured interview based on the DSM-IV. The most common PDs were
represented in clusters B and C. The presence of a comorbid cluster B was
a significant predictor of treatment dropout. This characteristic seems to
reduce the chances of recovery for some pathological gamblers. The
implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 299-313
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802405913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802405913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:299-313
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerrie Shandley
Author-X-Name-First: Kerrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Shandley
Author-Name: Susan Moore
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore
Title: Evaluation of Gambler's Helpline: A Consumer Perspective
Abstract:
This paper reports on the results of an evaluation of Gambler's Helpline
(GHL) in Victoria, Australia. Particular focus was given to consumers'
experiences of accessing the helpline and the overall effectiveness of the
service. GHL callers were recruited to participate in an immediate
post-call questionnaire-based telephone interview (N = 90) and
one-month follow-up interview (N = 56). The first aim of the
study was to present a descriptive profile of those accessing the
helpline. The second aim was to examine the effectiveness of the
counselling intervention through measures taken post callers' contact to
GHL. The final aim was to examine referral uptake at a follow-up. Results
of this study reflected positively on GHL. Callers reported general
overall satisfaction with the service. Consumer feedback highlighted the
importance for GHL counsellors of providing a balance of both emotional
and practical support for callers, and the importance for callers to
access referrals was identified.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 315-330
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2008
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802409279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802409279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:8:y:2008:i:3:p:315-330
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Crawford Moodie
Author-X-Name-First: Crawford
Author-X-Name-Last: Moodie
Author-Name: Gerda Reith
Author-X-Name-First: Gerda
Author-X-Name-Last: Reith
Title: Responsible gambling signage on electronic gaming machines, before and after the implementation of the United Kingdom Gambling Act: an observational study
Abstract:
The 2005 Gambling Act in Britain requires all gambling operators to
satisfy responsibility codes as a condition of licence, such as signage on
electronic machines, and in the venues in which they are located,
encouraging responsible gambling and signposting help available. This
observational study found that eighteen months prior to the implementation
of the Act, only 4.1% of the 1351 electronic machines located in Glasgow
City Centre displayed signs promoting responsible gambling and signposting
the national Gamcare helpline. One month after the introduction of the
Act, which stipulated that all machines must display such signage, this
was only evident on 65% of machines. Other responsible gambling signage
(posters, signs, leaflets, brochures) was not highly visible in either
phase. These findings highlight two important points; first, most sectors
of the gambling industry are not embracing the new social responsibility
codes (or indeed even adhering to them); and, second, if licensing
conditions are not made explicit, as is the case in Britain, the gambling
industry can dictate what is meant by 'responsible' and so
define what measures are sufficient to meet this criteria.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 5-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802652183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802652183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:5-17
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shawn R. Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Shawn R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Natalie Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: JianLi Wang
Author-X-Name-First: JianLi
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Defining a threshold of harm from gambling for population health surveillance research
Abstract:
The measurement of harm in the context of non-problem gambling has
received little attention from researchers in the field. Using the
combined data from six provincial gambling surveys conducted in Canada
between 2001 and 2005 (N = 12,285), we compared
how different thresholds of defining gambling-related harm impacts
prevalence, the relationship with indicators of gambling intensity and the
characteristics of non-pathological gamblers who report experiencing below
threshold symptoms of problem gambling. Survey items defining harm were
drawn from the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) of the Canadian
Problem Gambling Index. Three definitions of harm -- reporting one or more
problem gambling symptoms, reporting two or more problem gambling symptoms
and having a PGSI score ≥ 3 -- demonstrated a strong
relationship with indicators of gambling intensity, and reliably
differentiated low-threshold and zero symptom problem gamblers in terms of
gambling characteristics and other risk factors.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 19-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802652209
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802652209
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:19-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Kerry Sproston
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Sproston
Author-Name: Bob Erens
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Erens
Title: Negative public attitudes towards gambling: findings from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey using a new attitude scale
Abstract:
A new 14-item scale of general attitudes towards gambling (the Attitudes
Towards Gambling Scale: ATGS) was developed for use in the 2007 British
Gambling Prevalence Survey. The development of the scale is described.
Based on the responses of a representative sample of 8880 people of 16
years of age or more, evidence is presented of good internal reliability
and statistically significant associations with a range of
socio-demographic, own and family gambling and lifestyle variables.
Overall, and in all sub-groups except the heaviest gamblers, attitudes
were found to be negative: more people believed that gambling is foolish
and dangerous, and of greater harm than benefit to families, communities
and society as a whole, than the reverse. The majority, however, were
against prohibition of gambling. Public opinion appears to be out of line
with the view of gambling in Britain that lay behind the 2005 Gambling
Act. It will be of interest to see whether attitudes change in the
forthcoming years. The ATGS is a suitable measure for use in future
surveys in the UK and in other English speaking countries.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 39-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802652217
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802652217
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:39-54
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Weinbach
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinbach
Author-Name: Rodney J. Paul
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul
Title: National television coverage and the behavioural bias of bettors: the American college football totals market
Abstract:
The market for totals, over/under bets, is examined for American college
football. The sample is separated into nationally televised games on major
networks, those games televised regionally or on smaller networks, and
games not televised. A slight non-significant bias toward the over is
observed for the sample as a whole. The bias is only statistically
significant for nationally televised games on major networks. This bias to
bet the over is likely due to a preference for scoring in games that
bettors can watch on television. Explanations for this bias and the
rejection of the efficient markets hypothesis found in this market are
discussed from the point of view of the traditional sportsbook model and
from the sportsbook model proposed by Levitt [Levitt, S.D. (2004).
The Economic Journal, 114, 223--246].
These results demonstrate how bettor preferences can influence markets,
and offer a possible avenue of research to those seeking to understand the
satisfaction sought by gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 55-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802656887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802656887
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:55-66
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quentin Gausset
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gausset
Author-Name: Kåre Jansbøl
Author-X-Name-First: Kåre
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansbøl
Title: “Tell me what you play and I will tell you who you are”: values and gambling habits in two Danish universities
Abstract:
This article describes different gambling patterns found among students
at a business school and at a faculty of social sciences in Copenhagen,
Denmark. On the one hand, it was found that students who play games of
skill (such as poker or betting on football or horses, etc.) tended to be
male, studying business, investing in stock options and voting on the
right of the political spectrum. On the other hand, students who played
games of chance (lotto, bingo, etc.) were more likely to be female,
studying social sciences, preferring savings rather than risky investments
and voting on the left of the political spectrum. We suggest that the
competitive aspect of games of skill is attractive to those who believe in
rewarding individual risk in a competitive market, while the more
egalitarian and impersonal nature of games of chances is preferred by
people who place a stronger emphasis on social equity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 67-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802656903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802656903
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:1:p:67-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 83-84
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903061995
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903061995
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:83-84
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Simpson
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson
Title: Research Horizons 2009--2014
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 85-88
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903059403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903059403
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:85-88
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John William Welte
Author-X-Name-First: John William
Author-X-Name-Last: Welte
Author-Name: Grace M. Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Grace M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: Marie-Cecile O. Tidwell
Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Cecile O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tidwell
Author-Name: Joseph H. Hoffman
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffman
Title: Legal gambling availability and problem gambling among adolescents and young adults
Abstract:
A national US telephone survey was conducted with 2274 respondents aged
14--21. The number of types of legal gambling operating in the
respondent's state was positively related to the odds of lifetime
gambling, current gambling, current frequent gambling and current problem
gambling. For respondents aged 18--21, odds of current problem gambling,
as opposed to never gambling, increased 39% for each additional type of
legal gambling. The number of types of gambling in which a respondent was
old enough to participate legally had a positive relationship to gambling
involvement, including problem gambling. Being old enough to participate
in specific forms of gambling was positively related to the frequency of
playing those specific types. It was concluded that a greater number of
types of legal gambling, as well as being old enough to legally play a
greater number of types of gambling, is associated with a greater
likelihood of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 89-99
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790902754996
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790902754996
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:89-99
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert John Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert John
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Rachel Ann Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: Impact of survey description, administration format, and exclusionary criteria on population prevalence rates of problem gambling
Abstract:
The present study investigated the impact of survey administration
format, survey description and gambling behaviour thresholds on obtained
population prevalence rates of problem gambling. A total of 3028 adults
were surveyed about their gambling behaviour, with half of these surveys
administered face-to-face and half over the telephone, and half of the
surveys being described as a 'gambling survey' and half as a
'health and recreation' survey. Population prevalence rates
of problem gambling using the CPGI were 133% higher in
'gambling' vs 'health and recreation' surveys
and 55% higher in face-to-face administration compared to telephone
administration. If people with less than Can$300 in annual gambling
expenditures are not asked questions about problem gambling, then the
obtained problem gambling prevalence rate is 42% lower. When all of these
elements are aligned they result in markedly different problem gambling
prevalence rates (4.1% vs 0.8%). The mechanisms for these effects and
recommended procedures for future prevalence studies are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 101-117
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790902911653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790902911653
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:101-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Douglas M. Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Are gamblers more likely to commit crimes? An empirical analysis of a nationally representative survey of US young adults
Abstract:
We examine the relationship between gambling and criminal behaviour using
data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add
Health). Our data set includes survey responses from 6145 young adults.
The results of our empirical analysis are consistent with the gambling
literature in which it is suggested that higher gambling losses increase
the propensity to commit crime. This study complements the current
literature, as our data and empirical analysis allow us to control for
many variables that have been neglected in previous studies, including
various forms of gambling. Our findings provide useful information on the
general relationship between gambling behaviour and criminal behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 119-134
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790902915332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790902915332
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:119-134
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belle Gavriel-Fried
Author-X-Name-First: Belle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavriel-Fried
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: The gestation and birth of legislation prohibiting the sale of lottery tickets to Israeli minors: some social policy issues
Abstract:
As gambling becomes legalised and readily accessible, more youth are
involved in this potentially harmful behaviour. As part of a
harm-reduction approach, laws against the sale of lottery tickets to
minors have been enacted in many jurisdictions. In October 2007, such a
law was passed in Israel, seven years after the bill was first introduced
in the Israeli parliament. This paper addresses the reasons why it took so
long to pass this legislation. On the basis of archive documents from the
Israeli parliament and articles in the press, the primary factors that may
answer this question include ignorance of youth gambling as a legitimate
phenomenon, opposition by some parts of the establishment and the gambling
industry itself, as well as the absence of special interest groups. While
this law only begins the movement in developing a responsible social
policy for youth, recommendations for responsible social policy are
provided.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 135-149
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790902991606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790902991606
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:135-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Anthony H. Winefield
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Winefield
Author-Name: Sarah Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Title: Once a gambler -- always a gambler? A longitudinal analysis of gambling patterns in young people making the transition from adolescence to adulthood
Abstract:
Although a number of previous studies have speculated about the
relationship between adolescent and adult gambling, there is very little
prospective longitudinal data available to examine whether under-aged
gambling makes a person more likely to gamble as an adult. To investigate
this issue, the gambling habits of 578 young people were tracked for four
years from mid-adolescence (age 15 years) into adulthood (18--19 years)
with standardised participation data collected every year. The results
showed that gambling patterns in young people are subject to considerable
individual variability. Only 1 in 4 young people who gambled at the age of
15 continued gambling every year and it was rare to find young people
whose participation in specific activities was consistent from one year to
the next. Participation patterns observed when young people were closer to
leaving school were more predictive of adult gambling patterns than those
obtained at a young age. The findings emphasise the potential divergence
in results that arise from basing conclusions on individual-level and
longitudinal analyses as opposed to cross-sectional designs and/or group
level analyses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 151-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790902755001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790902755001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:151-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Forrest
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Forrest
Author-Name: O. David Gulley
Author-X-Name-First: O. David
Author-X-Name-Last: Gulley
Title: Participation and level of play in the UK National Lottery and correlation with spending on other modes of gambling
Abstract:
The paper analyses UK data, collected from the Family Expenditure Survey,
for over 6000 households. The focus is on participation in, and level of
expenditure on, the national lotto game. Controlling for standard
demographic, socio-economic and income variables, and some non-standard
lifestyle indicators, it examines correlation between lotto play and
expenditure on six other forms of gambling as well as on alcohol and
tobacco. Correlations with lotto participation and expenditure are found
to be positive and strong in most cases. Implications for the regulation
of the gambling sector and for taxation policy are outlined and discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 165-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790802652191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790802652191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:165-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Problem Gambling in Europe: Challenges, prevention, and interventions
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 179-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903058983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903058983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:2:p:179-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William R. Eadington
Author-X-Name-First: William R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eadington
Title: Capital, rent-seeking, and risk taking in the casino industry and the economy at large1
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 181-187
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903348210
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903348210
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:181-187
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuk-Lin Renita Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk-Lin Renita
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Author-Name: Yuk Ki Timothy Leung
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk Ki Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Author-Name: Choi Wan Dorcas Lau
Author-X-Name-First: Choi Wan Dorcas
Author-X-Name-Last: Lau
Title: Behind the allure of gambling: A qualitative exploration of the existential yearnings of Chinese men with problem gambling in Hong Kong
Abstract:
Drawing on a qualitative exploratory study of the gambling narratives of
a group of Chinese men with problem gambling in Hong Kong, this paper
proposes an alternative understanding of problem gambling. Rather than
identifying problem gambling as a personal deficit or pathology, a
narrative analysis of these Chinese men's gambling stories reveals their
existential yearnings behind problem gambling. Told from the perspectives
of these men, their gambling narratives invite us as researchers and
practitioners to explore the meanings gamblers ascribe to gambling which
they derived from the interplay between the socioeconomic and cultural
ethos of the society and their personal histories. This offers us new
insights into their motivations of gambling. As an attempt to fill the
methodological gap in gambling studies, this paper also shows how an
in-depth narrative research method can contribute to expanding our
understanding of problem gambling beyond pathology.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 189-205
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903222431
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903222431
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:189-205
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yim King Penny Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Yim King Penny
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Author-Name: Paul A. Pilkington
Author-X-Name-First: Paul A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pilkington
Title: Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of Macao's casino workers with regard to second-hand smoke exposure at work
Abstract:
This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of
casino workers in Macao with regard to exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS)
in the workplace through structured face-to-face interviews with 377
workers. The results indicate that the majority of casino workers dislike
SHS exposure at work, recognise that such exposure is harmful to their
health, support the establishment of separate smoking and non-smoking
areas for customers and would like greater restrictions than those that
exist at present. The survey also found that there are statistically
significant differences in knowledge, attitudes and experiences among
workers of different smoking status. The findings of this study support
the need for more comprehensive smoke-free legislation in casinos in
Macao. The results also add to the existing evidence for smoke-free
legislation across casinos worldwide.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 207-224
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903222449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903222449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:207-224
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Storer
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Storer
Author-Name: Max Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Judith Stubbs
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Stubbs
Title: Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines
Abstract:
It is widely believed that greater availability of electronic gaming
machines (EGMs) has led to increases in problem gambling prevalence and
related harms. It has also been proposed that individuals and populations
adapt to exposure over time and that prevalence rates plateau or decline,
even in the face of increasing availability. This study examines both
hypotheses using a combined data set of 34 problem gambling surveys
conducted in Australia and New Zealand since 1991. Strong statistically
meaningful relationships were found for an increase in prevalence with
increasing per capita density of EGMs, consistent with the access
hypothesis and supported by no evidence of plateauing of prevalence with
increasing density of EGMs. A decrease in prevalence over time with
availability held constant is also evident, partially consistent with
adaptation. It is likely that both forces are at work simultaneously, with
implications for appropriate policy responses to gambling harm
minimisation.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 225-244
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903257981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903257981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:225-244
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Keith D. Horton
Author-X-Name-First: Keith D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horton
Author-Name: Barry Fritz
Author-X-Name-First: Barry
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritz
Title: The relationship between explicit and implicit learning processes and probable pathological gambling
Abstract:
This paper reports the findings of a study of explicit and implicit
learning and gambling with non-problem
(n = 107), sub-clinical problem gamblers
(n = 13), and probable pathological gamblers
(n = 46). Two probability learning tasks
modeled after gambling games and an artificial grammar task were used to
explore how people learn patterns. In each of the two probability learning
tasks, the outcome of the game was biased during the first part (learning
phase) of the task. The results showed that many of the participants in
the experimental conditions learned the bias and gradually unlearned the
bias during the extinction phase of the study. Probable pathological
gamblers showed less retention of the bias during two probability tasks
and repeated the same errors during the artificial grammar task suggesting
that they emphasize explicit learning strategies rather than implicit
learning strategies. The results are consistent with the idea that
pathological gamblers are more likely to utilize explicit rules than
implicit rules.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 245-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903286584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903286584
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:245-262
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine So-kum Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: So-kum Tang
Author-Name: Anise M.S. Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Anise M.S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Screening for college problem gambling in Chinese societies: psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (C-SOGS)
Abstract:
A total of 979 Chinese college students were recruited in order to
examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the South
Oaks Gambling Screen (C-SOGS). The C-SOGS was internally consistent and
correlated with gambling-related problems and negative mental health
status. Results of likelihood ratios (LRs) and receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curve supported the C-SOGS as a valid screening
instrument for probable pathological gambling. Using the DSM-IV criteria
for pathological gambling, the conventional cut score of 5 on the C-SOGS
showed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and false negative rates.
This cut score identified 85% of the true positives and 95% of the true
negatives. In general, the C-SOGS overestimated the number of pathological
gamblers relative to DSM-IV criteria. Future research on Chinese gambling
should build on current empirical work on the SOGS to refine the C-SOGS
for use with Chinese populations.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 263-274
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903348194
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903348194
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:263-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert J. Taormina
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Taormina
Author-Name: Angus Chin Him Kuok
Author-X-Name-First: Angus Chin Him
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuok
Title: Factors related to casino dealer burnout and turnover intention in Macau: Implications for casino management
Abstract:
This study examined 172 casino dealers in Macau in order to understand
dealers' feelings and attitudes about working in a casino. Several
personality variables (emotional suppression, neuroticism, and need for
achievement), organizational variables, i.e., organizational socialization
(training, understanding, coworker support, future prospects), and
distributive justice, were assessed in relation to casino dealers' job
burnout, and work and pay satisfaction. All variables were tested as
correlates of work and pay satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention.
Regressions found emotional suppression (a behaviour required of casino
dealers) to be a strong negative predictor of work satisfaction; while
training, distributive justice, and need for achievement were positive
predictors. Emotional suppression and neuroticism were positive predictors
of burnout; while future prospects and work satisfaction were negative
predictors. Also, the future prospects and understanding dimensions of
organizational socialization negatively predicted turnover intention.
Results are interpreted in relation to casino administration and the
management of casino dealers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 275-294
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903359886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903359886
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:275-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Markus Meuronen
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Meuronen
Author-Name: Pauliina Raento
Author-X-Name-First: Pauliina
Author-X-Name-Last: Raento
Title: Book Review
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 295-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2009
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903348202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903348202
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:295-297
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Obituary
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 7-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003649630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003649630
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:7-17
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Peter L. Ferentzy
Author-X-Name-First: Peter L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferentzy
Title: The natural life history of a lottery: the importance of large wins in the establishment and survival of a lottery
Abstract:
Historically, governments have often used lotteries as an alternative
form of revenue generation. In this paper, we examine the life history of
the Canadian Lotto 649 by examining sales figures from the lifespan of
this popular lottery product. The examination of the early days of the
lottery revealed the importance of large jackpots in establishing the
lottery. Over time, competition and small jackpots were associated with a
drop in ticket sales. An increase in the price of the tickets in 2004
resulted in a decrease in the number of tickets actually sold, an increase
in the size of the jackpot and an increase in revenue. The results of this
study highlight the importance of large jackpots in establishing,
maintaining, and revitalising this lottery product.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 19-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903437492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903437492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:19-30
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Kerry Sproston
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Sproston
Author-Name: Bob Erens
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Erens
Title: PGSI and DSM-IV in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey: reliability, item response, factor structure and inter-scale agreement
Abstract:
Data from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey were used to
examine the psychometric properties of the two problem gambling scales
used in the survey: the Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)
and a DSM-IV-based scale. Analysis was based on those who reported any
gambling in the past 12 months (between 5483 and 5528 participants for
most analyses). The PGSI gave evidence of high internal reliability,
uni-dimensionality, and good item-response characteristics. Several PGSI
items showed extreme male to female endorsement ratios and a possible
conclusion is that the PGSI is under-estimating the prevalence of problem
gambling among women. The DSM-IV-based scale showed only satisfactory
internal reliability, evidence suggesting bi-dimensionality, and poor
performance of at least two items: those relating to gambling-related
crime and 'chasing losses'. The results also suggest that,
for population survey purposes, problem gambling/non-problem gambling
might best be viewed as lying on a continuum.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 31-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903567132
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903567132
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:31-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helge Molde
Author-X-Name-First: Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Molde
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Author-Name: Bjørn Sætrevik
Author-X-Name-First: Bjørn
Author-X-Name-Last: Sætrevik
Author-Name: Dag K. Hammerborg
Author-X-Name-First: Dag K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hammerborg
Author-Name: Jon C. Laberg
Author-X-Name-First: Jon C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Laberg
Author-Name: Bjørn-Helge Johnsen
Author-X-Name-First: Bjørn-Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnsen
Title: Attentional biases among pathological gamblers
Abstract:
Pictorial stimuli were presented in a Stroop task paradigm that enabled
the recording of attentional bias. The sample comprised 33 pathological
slot machine gamblers (PG) and 22 control participants. The design of the
study had one between-subjects factor -- Group (PGs vs control), and two
within-subject factors: (1) Stimulus meaning (win-related gambling stimuli
vs neutral stimuli) and (2) Exposure (subliminal vs supraliminal). The
results supported the notion that the PG group had an attentional bias
towards visual win-related gambling stimuli compared with the control
group. Furthermore, the degree of attentional bias among the PG group was
moderately negatively correlated with net loss in the week before testing.
One possible treatment implication of the findings is to include
in-vivo exposure sessions as a supplement to cognitive
behavioural therapy for gambling. Future studies could also include
non-win gambling-related stimuli and should also comprise non-pathological
regular gamblers as an additional control group.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 45-59
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003652501
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003652501
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:45-59
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Dufour
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Isabelle Giroux
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Giroux
Title: Training program on responsible gambling among video lottery employees
Abstract:
A training session was developed in the Province of Quebec, Canada to
inform video lottery terminal (VLT) employees about problem gamblers and
how to help them. This study evaluated the effects of this training
program on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of employees. A pre-post
experimental design with control group and an eight-month follow-up was
used. A total of 826 employees completed a questionnaire before and after
the training; 456 were re-evaluated at follow-up. A behavioural evaluation
was also carried out by a pseudo patron who visited 82 VLT venues at
pre-post and 63 venues at follow-up. The results showed that the session
improved employees' attitudes regarding problem gamblers and increased
their knowledge about how to help. The results also showed behavioural
change after the training. These changes were not fully maintained at
follow-up. It is suggested that responsible gambling training programs
include strategies to maintain long-term positive effects.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 61-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003743037
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003743037
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:61-79
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena C. Quilty
Author-X-Name-First: Lena C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quilty
Author-Name: Pearl Mehra
Author-X-Name-First: Pearl
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehra
Author-Name: Tony Toneatto
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Toneatto
Author-Name: Michael Bagby
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Bagby
Title: Impulsivity and pathological gambling across depressive versus bipolar disorders
Abstract:
Impulsivity has been implicated in the development of pathological
gambling (PG); sensation seeking and urgency in particular have predicted
gambling pathology in undergraduate and psychiatric samples. In light of
the relevance of both depressed and elevated mood to impulsivity and
gambling, the components of impulsivity associated with PG across mood
disorders warrants investigation. The aim of the current investigation was
to examine the association between impulsivity and gambling pathology
severity across depressive versus bipolar disorders. A total of 275
participants with lifetime depressive or bipolar disorder completed
measures of impulsivity and gambling. Urgency was consistently associated
with gambling pathology indicators; lack of perseverance was specifically
associated with gambling pathology within participants with depressive
disorders. Reckless action during negative mood is associated with
gambling pathology across mood disorders, whereas difficulty remaining
focused is associated with PG solely within depressive disorders.
Impulsivity and affective comorbidity may inform current understanding of
PG.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 81-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003749307
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003749307
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:81-90
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kimberley B. Mercer
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberley B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer
Author-Name: John D. Eastwood
Author-X-Name-First: John D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eastwood
Title: Is boredom associated with problem gambling behaviour? It depends on what you mean by 'boredom'
Abstract:
The propensity to experience boredom is believed to be a predisposing
factor for problem gambling; yet, a full understanding of this association
is currently lacking. Some claim that gambling alleviates the
under-arousal associated with boredom; others claim that gambling helps
individuals avoid the negative affect associated with boredom. The purpose
of the present study was to clarify this relationship. Two hundred and two
undergraduate students completed measures of gambling, boredom, and
sensitivity to punishment and reward. Results suggest individuals gamble
in order to increase arousal, rather than to avoid the negative affect
associated with boredom. Moreover, results also suggest that boredom is
distinctly related to gambling problems, above and beyond its overlap with
sensitivity to reward.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 91-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003754414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003754414
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:91-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Crime, Addiction and the Regulation of Gambling
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 105-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790903567140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790903567140
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:105-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J.G. Phillips
Author-X-Name-First: J.G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips
Title: The Pleasures of Computer Gaming: Essays on Cultural History, Theory and Aesthetics
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 107-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459791003623353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459791003623353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:107-109
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editor's Note
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 111-112
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.505930
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.505930
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:111-112
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy M. Petry
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Petry
Title: Pathological gambling and the DSM-V
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 113-115
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.501086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.501086
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:113-115
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel S. McGrath
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel S.
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath
Author-Name: Sherry H. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Sherry H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Raymond M. Klein
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein
Author-Name: Sean P. Barrett
Author-X-Name-First: Sean P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett
Title: Self-generated motives for gambling in two population-based samples of gamblers
Abstract:
In the present study, self-generated responses to a question regarding
reasons for gambling from two epidemiological surveys were combined and
placed into another earlier motivational model for alcohol use, adapted
for gambling. Of the 3601 reasons, 954 could be categorised into the
model's categories: (a) coping motives (internal, negative reinforcement);
(b) enhancement motives (internal, positive reinforcement); and (c) social
motives (external, positive reinforcement). Results indicate that coping
gamblers experienced greater gambling severity and psychopathology,
enhancement gamblers were most likely to gamble while intoxicated and
social gamblers were more likely to choose socially-related gambling. An
examination of remaining motives suggests additional categories may be
warranted -- specifically financial and charitable reasons. These findings
offer some support for the model; however, it may need to be expanded to
account for other motives. The study highlights the advantages and
limitations of using self-generated reasons to study gambling motivation.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 117-138
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.499915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.499915
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:117-138
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Cassidy
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassidy
Title: Gambling as exchange: horserace betting in London
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the growing body of research
which uses qualitative approaches to investigate gambling as it occurs
within particular networks or social milieu. Using data gathered in
betting shops in London between 2006 and 2009 the paper presents gambling
as exchange and gamblers as fractal persons. This approach is used to
explore changes in the meanings attributed to gambling by betting shop
staff and customers under various regulatory conditions. Research
participants portrayed betting that took place on the street with illegal
bookmakers before 1961 as a form of circulation within their community and
contrasted this with betting in licensed offices as an extractive process.
The paper contributes to a more general discussion about the use of long
term participant observation to study gambling as a social process.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 139-149
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.501085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.501085
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:139-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer M. Boldero
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Boldero
Author-Name: Richard C. Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Author-Name: Susan M. Moore
Author-X-Name-First: Susan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore
Title: Do gambling activity patterns predict gambling problems? A latent class analysis of gambling forms among Australian youth
Abstract:
Although gambling frequency and easy access to gambling are predictive of
gambling problems among young people, little is known about their patterns
of gambling activities. The current study investigated the gambling
patterns of a large sample of youth (N = 1061)
using latent class analysis. Six activity classes of young gamblers were
identified: rare, lottery/scratch card, broad ranging, pool, unrestricted
access and heavy gamblers. The classes differed significantly on age,
gender, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency,
problem gambling and amount spent on gambling. In addition, the
relationship between problem gambling and the amount spent differed across
classes. The results indicate the value of assessing gambling patterns as
well as gambling frequency in research examining problem gambling.
Although older youth have more opportunity to legally engage in a wider
range of gambling activities, young people's gambling activity patterns
are more indicative of potential gambling problems than age.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 151-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.501808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.501808
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:151-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brad R. Humphreys
Author-X-Name-First: Brad R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphreys
Author-Name: Yang Seung Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Yang Seung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Brian P. Soebbing
Author-X-Name-First: Brian P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Soebbing
Title: Consumer behaviour in lottery: the double hurdle approach and zeros in gambling survey data
Abstract:
Governments world-wide increasingly rely on gambling revenues, increasing
the importance of understanding who gambles and why. Previous literature
used Tobit and Heckman models to statistically analyse participation in
gambling. These models make strong assumptions about the nature of
gambling participation. We examine the double hurdle model as an
alternative to other statistical approaches to modelling gambling
participation and spending for lotteries in the province of Alberta,
Canada. Our results for lotteries, based on data from a 2002 survey of
gambling prevalence in Alberta, clearly prefer the double hurdle model,
which yields different results than the commonly used Tobit model. This
has important implications for governments who rely on revenues from
lottery to fund many different programs in their jurisdictions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 165-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.502180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.502180
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:165-176
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakob Linnet
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Linnet
Author-Name: Kristine Rømer Thomsen
Author-X-Name-First: Kristine
Author-X-Name-Last: Rømer Thomsen
Author-Name: Arne Møller
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Møller
Author-Name: Mette Buhl Callesen
Author-X-Name-First: Mette Buhl
Author-X-Name-Last: Callesen
Title: Event frequency, excitement and desire to gamble, among pathological gamblers
Abstract:
In this study we compared gambling behaviour of 15 pathological gamblers
(PG) and 15 non-problem gamblers (NPG) on two conditions of a commercially
available slot machine. One condition used a commercially available
two-second event frequency (games per minute), while the other condition
used an experimental three-second event frequency. The payback percentage
(wins relative to losses) and reward frequency (wins over number of games
played) varied randomly across conditions. The results showed that PG had
significantly higher measures than NPG on time spent gambling, excitement
level and desire to play again in the two-second condition. In the
three-second condition there were no differences in excitement level and
desire to play again. The number of PG playing the maximum time (60
minutes) was reduced in the three-second version, and reward frequency
contributed to reduction in time spent gambling. The results may have
implications for understanding behavioural mechanisms of pathological
gambling among slot machine players.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 177-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.502181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.502181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:177-188
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helge Molde
Author-X-Name-First: Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Molde
Author-Name: Sigurd W. Hystad
Author-X-Name-First: Sigurd W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hystad
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Author-Name: Helga Myrseth
Author-X-Name-First: Helga
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrseth
Author-Name: Ingeborg Lund
Author-X-Name-First: Ingeborg
Author-X-Name-Last: Lund
Title: Evaluating lifetime NODS using Rasch modelling
Abstract:
Rasch modelling was conducted by applying the lifetime NODS criteria
using data from a national representative sample aged from 15 to 74 years
in Norway (N = 5235). To a large extent, the
results replicated previous findings, supporting the view that the DSM-IV
gambling symptoms have a unidimensional structure. Differential item
functioning (DIF) analysis indicated that younger gamblers (aged 15--25
years) were more likely to endorse the symptom of 'chasing'
than older gamblers. Likewise, DIF analysis indicated that female gamblers
were more likely to report 'escape' at lower levels of
problem gambling than males. Moreover, the results showed that younger
gamblers were less likely to endorse symptoms of
'withdrawal' and 'loss of control' than older
gamblers. As the results may be explained by age and gender-specific
correlates (or behaviour), future studies should include extended age
groups (e.g. 12--75 years) or conduct Rasch modelling and DIF analysis on
specific adolescent gambling instruments.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 189-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.502182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.502182
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:2:p:189-202
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: International Gambling Studies: proposed changes to publication policy
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 203-206
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.531749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.531749
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:203-206
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moshe Levy
Author-X-Name-First: Moshe
Author-X-Name-Last: Levy
Title: Toward a Weberian theory of gambling: the rationalization of legal gambling in Israel
Abstract:
Among the various sociological theories of gambling, only a handful are
based on the ideas of Max Weber, and particularly on his thesis of
rationalization. Using a Weberian framework, this study presents a
socio-historical analysis of legal gambling in Israel. The analysis
reveals that gambling in Israel has undergone a
'McDonaldization' process. As part of this process of
'McDonaldization', legal gambling organizations have adopted
technological means aimed at making work methods faster and more
efficient, enabling gamblers to plan their gambling in a calculated,
non-random fashion. Together with 'McDonaldization', an
instrumental discourse has been introduced into the public debate about
gambling. The use of language that seeks to describe that which is good
and ethical has been abandoned, replaced by a new vocabulary that
emphasises the method and efficiency of the gambling operation.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 207-220
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.516761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.516761
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:207-220
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernadete Ozorio
Author-X-Name-First: Bernadete
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozorio
Author-Name: Desmond Lam
Author-X-Name-First: Desmond
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam
Author-Name: Hoc Nang Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Hoc Nang
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Title: The influence of individualism and uncertainty avoidance on per capita gambling turnover
Abstract:
This exploratory study examined the effect of culture on per capita gross
casino and lottery gambling turnover in a country-level analysis.
Employing Hofstede's individualism and uncertainty avoidance, this study
found that culture could provide some explanations why international
gaming jurisdictions differed in their per capita gambling turnover.
Individualism was found to be positively correlated with per capita casino
gambling turnover, while uncertainty avoidance was negatively correlated
with per capita lottery gambling turnover. The results from this study
would help businesses and governments to better identify, monitor and
anticipate gambling level across regions of diverse culture.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 221-238
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.520329
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.520329
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:221-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ole Bjerg
Author-X-Name-First: Ole
Author-X-Name-Last: Bjerg
Title: Problem gambling in poker: money, rationality and control in a skill-based social game
Abstract:
The article explores problem gambling in poker. The distinctions between
chance and skill and between bank games and social games are applied to
demonstrate how poker is structurally different from most other gambling
games. Bank games are organised around a central actor such as the house,
the casino or the bookmaker. In social games, players compete against each
other on equal statistical footing. Poker is a skill-based social game
where players with superior skills may be expected to win even in the long
run. Fourteen poker playing problem gamblers were recruited through a
treatment program and 15 professional and recreational poker players were
recruited through snowball sampling (N = 29).
Through qualitative interviews, the paper shows that the particular
structural composition of poker has implications for the ways problem
gambling arises in poker players. It is argued that poker challenges
existing theoretical conceptions about problem gambling relating to money,
rationality and control.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 239-254
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.520330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.520330
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:239-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Csilla Horváth
Author-X-Name-First: Csilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Horváth
Author-Name: Andreas Günther
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Günther
Author-Name: Richard Paap
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Paap
Title: Seasonal patterns in slot-machine gambling in Germany
Abstract:
Although several aspects of gambling have been thoroughly investigated,
little is known about the effect of seasonality on gambling. This study
investigated the seasonal patterns in slot-machine usage, based on a
unique data set of slot-machine usage from a German gambling centre using
time series analysis. Knowledge of seasonal slot-machine usage patterns
provides useful insights for researchers, gambling centre managers and
legal authorities. Slot-machine gambling activity appears to be highest in
November, when poor weather is compounded with lack of entertainment
activities and lowest in December, when ample entertainment possibilities
may distract people from gambling. The estimated daily and weekly seasonal
patterns support the self-control literature, which suggests that
self-regulatory failures are more likely when people are more tired; after
work, or late in the evening. The high variation in gambling during winter
implies that the availability of alternative entertainment activities may
have an important influence on slot-machine usage.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 255-268
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.528784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.528784
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:255-268
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Doran
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Doran
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Title: 'Mobile mindsets': EGM venue usage, gambling participation, and problem gambling among three itinerant groups on the Sunshine Coast of Australia
Abstract:
Mobile populations form an increasingly important part of many
communities, yet tend to be neglected by problem gambling prevalence
research. We explore relationships between problem gambling and the ways
in which mobile subgroups use gambling venues. Adopting a combination of
quantitative and qualitative techniques, we conduct an exploratory
examination of three subgroups -- construction workers, 'grey
nomads', and 'southerner' tourists on the Sunshine
Coast of Queensland, Australia. The groups displayed substantial
differences in venue visitation, gambling behaviour and problem gambling
risk. The group with the least discretionary mobility, the construction
workers, were most heavily dependent on gambling venues for economic and
social relationships. This translated into higher levels of problem
gambling risk, which was further mediated by the inter-personal
connectedness of individuals. These results suggest that mobility per se
does not directly result in higher risk of problem gambling but combines
with social isolation to place individuals at risk.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 269-288
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.531040
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.531040
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:269-288
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Programme for Problem Gambling: Therapist Manual
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 289-290
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.528785
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.528785
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:289-290
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 291-293
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2010
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.528786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.528786
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:10:y:2010:i:3:p:291-293
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editor's note
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.559648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.559648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:1-2
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gary Banks
Author-X-Name-First: Gary
Author-X-Name-Last: Banks
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 3-6
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.546419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.546419
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:3-6
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J.A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Melissa J. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Matthew M. Young
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Title: Personal Luck Usage Scale (PLUS): psychometric validation of a measure of gambling-related belief in luck as a personal possession
Abstract:
Luck is by definition a random event. However, many people believe luck
to be something it is not -- an internal, personal quality. An obstacle
for understanding personal luck and its sequelae among gamblers has been
the lack of a psychometrically sound measure. The current paper reports
the development of the Personal Luck Usage Scale (PLUS). In Studies 1 and
2 (Ns = 347 and 361, respectively), a
one-dimensional, eight-item scale emerged and was subsequently confirmed
among university-aged gamblers. Importantly, the PLUS was distinguishable
from a general belief in luck (Study 2). In Study 3
(N = 60), a behavioural consequence of belief
in personal luck was assessed among a community sample of gamblers.
Specifically, PLUS scores were positively associated with the average
amount of money spent in a gambling session. The implications of a belief
in gambling-related personal luck for the progression and maintenance of
problem gambling are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 7-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.541270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.541270
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:7-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neda Faregh
Author-X-Name-First: Neda
Author-X-Name-Last: Faregh
Author-Name: Craig Leth-Steensen
Author-X-Name-First: Craig
Author-X-Name-Last: Leth-Steensen
Title: The gambling profiles of Canadians young and old: game preferences and play frequencies
Abstract:
Similar to many other countries, Canada has witnessed a growing concern
over gambling problems population and the potential for related negative
consequences. Research results thus far highlight the heterogeneity of the
problem gamblers and suggest game preferences may distinguish gambler
types. This study entails an exploratory analysis of the gambling
typologies and profiles of Canadians based on game frequency and
preferences through latent class analysis, using a nationally
representative Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 1.2). The results
showed that the survey respondents could be partitioned into eight latent
classes/subtypes that represent distinct gambling profiles. The classes
could be ordered with respect to the extent to which class members are
affected by an increased prevalence of gambling problems with marked
differences between the classes in terms of their demographic makeup. The
ordering of classes and its correspondence to problem gambling severity
supports the notion of a problem gambling continuum.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 23-41
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.544045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.544045
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:23-41
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Davis K.C. Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Davis K.C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Author-Name: Hoc Nang Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Hoc Nang
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Author-Name: Shao Zhi Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shao Zhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: The social cost of gambling in Macao: before and after the liberalisation of the gaming industry
Abstract:
This paper analyses the social cost of gambling in Macao before and after
the liberalisation of the gaming industry from a welfare economic
perspective. We identify seven principal items of social cost relating to
gambling and, using data from 2003 and 2007, we calculate that the social
cost of gambling in Macao rose by 163%, from US$40 million to US$106
million, during this period. We argue that this sharp escalation is the
result of both the increasing gambling supply in recent years and the
historical effect of the previous underdeveloped monopoly system. We
acknowledge that our calculations are underestimations as a result of data
limitation and we expect that the social cost of gambling in Macao will
continue to rise in the coming years. Moreover, if the calculation is
expanded to include the social costs incurred by tourists, the social cost
of gambling in Macao should be much higher.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 43-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.548393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.548393
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:43-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Garry J. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Garry J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Donald P. Schopflocher
Author-X-Name-First: Donald P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schopflocher
Author-Name: Nady el-Guebaly
Author-X-Name-First: Nady
Author-X-Name-Last: el-Guebaly
Author-Name: David M. Casey
Author-X-Name-First: David M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Casey
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Robert Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Title: Community attitudes toward legalised gambling in Alberta
Abstract:
Albertans representing five age cohorts (13--15, 18--20, 23--25, 43--45
and 63--65) were surveyed (n = 1809) to assess
their attitudes toward gambling in general, gambling in Alberta and legal
gambling's impacts in the province. Age, gender and problem gambling
status were found to be reliable predictors of gambling attitudes in that
younger male, non-problem gamblers were most approving of the activity.
Results also indicate that Albertans are ambivalent about gambling and
that gambling and public policy are mis-aligned to the extent that
gambling's harms are thought to outweigh its benefits. Likely reasons for
the gap between gambling policy and public opinion are that gambling
issues lack the salience of ongoing high-profile topics such as the
economy, health care, education and the environment, and gambling
dependent special interest groups can exert considerable influence on
gambling policy in ways that may not harmonise with the public interest.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 57-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.550306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.550306
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:57-79
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Brooks
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Judicial decisions on cases involving problem gambling and crime in England and Wales
Abstract:
Previous research indicates that problem gambling is often associated
with crime. Most of this research is focussed on individual psychological
cases or data sets examining the relationship between crime rates and
location of gambling venues. There is little international research on the
response of criminal courts in recognising and accepting problem gambling
as a reason for committing crime. This paper provides an examination of
the Court of Appeal decisions in England and Wales from January 2000 to
January 2009 drawing on the original cases and appeals. The findings of
this research are relevant to an international audience where problem
gambling is dismissed as a reason for committing crime when facing
sentence. It was concluded that although judges recognised problem
gambling as a condition, problem gambling did not appear to be accepted as
a factor explaining the commission of the crime in England and Wales.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 81-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2010.550307
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2010.550307
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:81-92
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J.Z. Gao
Author-X-Name-First: J.Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: D. Fong
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Author-Name: X. Liu
Author-X-Name-First: X.
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Mathematical analyses of casino rebate systems for VIP gambling
Abstract:
In Macao, the VIP gaming revenue accounts for over two thirds of the
total gaming revenue. Since the VIP gaming market is highly competitive,
several incentives such as rebates are used to attract the VIP players.
There are two commonly used rebate systems in the VIP gaming market:
rebate on buy-in and rebate on actual loss. The analysis of rebate on
buy-in is relatively easy. However, the analysis of rebate on actual loss
is more complicated, which involves the Unit Normal Linear Loss Integral.
Using empirical data, MacDonald derived a simple approximation formula for
computing the rebate rate on actual loss. In this paper, we use
mathematical analysis to derive more accurate approximation formulas for
computing the rebate rate on actual loss. Some practical examples are
given to compare the accuracies of these formulas. We also discuss how
these two rebate systems affect the fluctuations of the results.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 93-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.552575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.552575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:93-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pauliina Raento
Author-X-Name-First: Pauliina
Author-X-Name-Last: Raento
Author-Name: Markus Meuronen
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Meuronen
Title: Virtues of visualisation: gambling in Finnish editorial cartoons
Abstract:
How do editorial cartoons represent gambling? What can visually oriented
thinking give to gambling research? The answers are rooted in the
expanding research about visual culture, methodologies and data in social
sciences and cultural studies. The discussion about 170 editorial cartoons
from the Finnish print media, from 1961 to 2005, shows how the cartoons
profile the Finnish gambler and what emotions are associated with
gambling. The discussion then turns to Finnish gambling culture and
gambling's role in society. Space, communication, power relations, and the
use of gambling as a political metaphor are highlighted. The assessment
demonstrates the value of popular-cultural data for gambling studies. The
examination complements the existing cartoon research and visual-cultural
studies and has interdisciplinary pedagogical potential.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 107-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.553837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.553837
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:107-120
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helga Myrseth
Author-X-Name-First: Helga
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrseth
Author-Name: Helge Molde
Author-X-Name-First: Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Molde
Author-Name: Inge Jarl Støylen
Author-X-Name-First: Inge Jarl
Author-X-Name-Last: Støylen
Author-Name: Bjørn Helge Johnsen
Author-X-Name-First: Bjørn Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnsen
Author-Name: Fred Holsten
Author-X-Name-First: Fred
Author-X-Name-Last: Holsten
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: A pilot study of CBT versus escitalopram combined with CBT in the treatment of pathological gamblers
Abstract:
We conducted a randomised controlled trial pilot study
(N = 30) with two treatment groups: (1)
Manualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
(n = 15) and (2) escitalopram combined with CBT
(n = 15). Treatment was administered
individually and the CBT included weekly sessions for eight consecutive
weeks. The treatment with escitalopram lasted for a minimum of 16 weeks
(20 mg/day), with an optional continuation for a 6-month follow-up
period. Repeated measures ANOVA with modified intent-to-treat analyses
were conducted. Results showed significant time effects on all measures
for both treatment conditions, although no significant group or time
× group effects. The results indicated that both treatments
were effective in the short term (effect sizes (ES) ranging from 0.45 to
0.91 for the CBT group and 0.27 to 0.72 for the escitalopram+CBT group),
and that adding CBT to escitalopram had no additional statistically
significant effect (between-group ES of 0.11 and 0.29 for primary outcome
measures at 16-weeks post-treatment).
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 121-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.559647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.559647
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:121-141
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Pathways to excessive gambling: a societal perspective on youth and adult gambling pursuits
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 143-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.556135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.556135
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:1:p:143-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter J. Adams
Author-X-Name-First: Peter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams
Title: Ways in which gambling researchers receive funding from gambling industry sources
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 145-152
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.601316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.601316
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:145-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Player account-based gambling: potentials for behaviour-based research methodologies
Abstract:
The emergence of player account-based gambling is a result of escalating
technological sophistication and the incorporation of these developments
into gambling. This term refers to gambling from a centralized account
that is linked to an identified individual. Player account-based gambling
is increasingly being utilized for multiple forms of Internet, mobile and
land-based gambling through player cards and user-names. Player accounts
track and store a wealth of data on gambling behaviour and related
activities. Gambling research has been justifiably criticized for its
reliance on self-report rather than behavioural measures. Research
analysing player account data may advance conceptual models, identify
behavioural risk factors for problem gambling and evaluate and guide
effective policy and responsible gambling programmes. Although research
utilizing player account data has unique limitations, it offers
considerable benefits for researchers, operators and regulators. Research
methodology incorporating the use of player account data stands to make
significant contributions to the gambling field.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 153-171
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.571217
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.571217
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:153-171
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renée A. St-Pierre
Author-X-Name-First: Renée A.
Author-X-Name-Last: St-Pierre
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Author-Name: Isabelle Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Title: Preventing lottery ticket sales to minors: factors influencing retailers' compliance behaviour
Abstract:
Despite legal prohibitions to restrict the availability of lottery
products to minors, research shows a high prevalence of lottery playing
among adolescents. This study examined factors influencing vendor
compliance with minimum-age legislation to better understand how underage
youth acquire lottery products. To provide perspective, accessibility to
lottery products and alcohol was compared. Six under-age youths (three
males, three females; mean 15.8 years) each attempted to purchase a
scratch card, a beer, or both products in a sample of convenience stores
(494 purchase attempts). Results revealed that only a moderate proportion
of vendors (60%) were compliant with existing statutes. The gender of the
purchaser and vendor, and the type of store were found to be significant
in the prediction of youths' ability to purchase controlled products.
Results suggest possible mechanisms involved in the compliance or
non-compliance with regulations, and imply considerations for
awareness-raising among vendors in terms of controlled products.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 173-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.579142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.579142
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:173-191
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessika Svensson
Author-X-Name-First: Jessika
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson
Author-Name: Ulla Romild
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla
Author-X-Name-Last: Romild
Author-Name: Mikael Nordenmark
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael
Author-X-Name-Last: Nordenmark
Author-Name: Anna Månsdotter
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Månsdotter
Title: Gendered gambling domains and changes in Sweden
Abstract:
The study examines two Swedish replication prevalence studies
(n = 10,000 and
n = 15,000) with the aim of exploring evidence
for a feminization of gambling in Sweden between 1997/1998 and 2008/2009.
Gambling domains were classified based on the games' basic orientation
towards strategy and chance, as well as on each game's setting in either a
public place or a home environment. The criterion for a domain was that
the respondent had gambled at least twice a month in any mode of gambling
within the domain. Logistic regression analysis showed no signs of a
feminization. Instead, the gender order in gambling seems to be
reinforced. Preferences for the different types of domains were still
highly gendered, despite the fact that men in 2008/2009 tended to gamble
more on games of chance, especially in public places. The implications of
the findings in relation to gender equality and constraints on women's
leisure activities are further discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 193-211
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.581676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.581676
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:193-211
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline E. Temcheff
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Temcheff
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Thomas S. Paskus
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paskus
Title: Pathological and disordered gambling: a comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria
Abstract:
The proposed revision of the diagnostic criteria for pathological
gambling within the DSM suggests removing the criterion of committing
illegal acts and reducing the threshold to four symptoms. It has been
argued that changing the diagnostic criteria will not impact the
prevalence rate of pathological gambling, however there are no published
studies examining prevalence rate stability. The impact of the proposed
DSM-V criteria using data from a national study assessing gambling
behaviors among college student-athletes was examined. Comparison of
pathological or disordered gamblers vs sub-threshold gambling severity
using current DSM-IV criteria and the proposed DSM-V diagnostic criteria
suggests that the proportion of men classified as pathological or
disordered gamblers changes. For females, comparisons did not reach
statistical significance. The subcommittee of the DSM-V should note that
the proportion of males meeting the diagnostic criteria for pathological
gambling may be influenced by classification system. Questions related to
the validity of the proposed classification system are raised.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 213-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.581677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.581677
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:213-220
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerhard Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Author-Name: Marisa Fiebig
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiebig
Author-Name: Jörg Häfeli
Author-X-Name-First: Jörg
Author-X-Name-Last: Häfeli
Author-Name: Chantal Mörsen
Author-X-Name-First: Chantal
Author-X-Name-Last: Mörsen
Title: Development of an assessment tool to evaluate the risk potential of different gambling types
Abstract:
Based on different characteristics of gambling types, this study aimed to
develop an assessment tool to evaluate the risk potential of available and
planned gambling types in German-speaking countries. In the first module,
26 experts were interviewed over the course of a Delphi study, and an
analysis of those results led to the selection of relevant characteristics
and scaling values. Building on the first module, the second module
consisted of standardized data collection of nonproblem, problem and
pathological gamblers (characteristics:
n = 363; scales:
n = 356), which served as an empirical
validation. Ten characteristics were identified with different weights and
differentiated scaling values to evaluate the risk potential, and a
psychometric validation indicated that the assessment tool was reliable
(α = 0.91; r ik
= 0.50; r it
= 0.33--0.80). The correlation measures from data of
epidemiological studies (R -super-2 = 0.84) and
a treatment survey (p > 0.001) demonstrated
that the assessment tool was valid. This assessment tool, which was
verified by psychometric validation, can serve the legislation and
jurisdiction, the gaming industry and consumers as a future basis for risk
evaluation of gambling types.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 221-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.584890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.584890
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:221-236
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel R. Lalande
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lalande
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Title: Can cybernetics inspire gambling research? A limit-based conceptualization of self-control
Abstract:
This study used a negative feedback model to describe why pathological
gamblers (PGs) spend more resources than non-pathological gamblers (NPGs)
during a video lottery terminal (VLT) gambling session. Quantitative and
qualitative data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured
interviews with 43 PGs and 38 NPGs concerning their time and money
management habits for gambling. Results show that the majority of PGs and
NPGs use a monetary loss limit as a self-control strategy to avoid
overspending. PGs, however, set a higher limit than NPGs. In addition,
whereas NPGs typically stop gambling after having reached their limit, PGs
typically keep spending their limited resources. To describe the
self-regulation process during a gambling session, we propose an
operationalization of self-control based on internal, external, implicit
and explicit limits. The usefulness of a limit-based conceptualization of
self-control for prevention and research is discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 237-252
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.598540
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.598540
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:237-252
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sigal Tifferet
Author-X-Name-First: Sigal
Author-X-Name-Last: Tifferet
Author-Name: Sophia Agrest
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia
Author-X-Name-Last: Agrest
Author-Name: Adi Benisti Shlomo
Author-X-Name-First: Adi
Author-X-Name-Last: Benisti Shlomo
Title: Problem gambling: an outcome of a life history strategy
Abstract:
Evolution has created a spectrum of life history strategies that are
linked to different personality profiles. People with low-K life history
strategies display traits such as low parental investment, non-adherence
to social rules, short-term planning, risk taking and impulsivity. We
hypothesized that low-K strategists, who are characterized by this
personality profile, would be inclined towards problem gambling. Seventy
male customers of Israeli kiosks that offer lottery tickets answered
questionnaires about their gambling behaviour, personality traits and
demographics. As hypothesized, customers who came to buy a lottery ticket
had lower K strategies than other customers. In addition, customers with a
lower K strategy tended to report higher levels of problem gambling,
independent of demographics. We propose that problem gambling may be a
consequence of a low-K life history strategy and that by using
evolutionary theory we can enhance our understanding of problem gambling,
by linking it to a broader theoretical framework.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 253-262
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.599328
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.599328
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:253-262
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samson Tse
Author-X-Name-First: Samson
Author-X-Name-Last: Tse
Title: The Sociology of Gambling in China
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 263-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.584891
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.584891
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:263-264
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: An unsafe bet? The dangerous rise of gambling and the debate we should be having
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 264-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.599329
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.599329
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:2:p:264-266
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Exploring the opportunities and impacts of Internet gambling
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 267-272
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.628577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.628577
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:267-272
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joerg Haefeli
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Haefeli
Author-Name: Suzanne Lischer
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lischer
Author-Name: Juerg Schwarz
Author-X-Name-First: Juerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwarz
Title: Early detection items and responsible gambling features for online gambling
Abstract:
Early detection is an effective building block for the
prevention of problem gambling. This study aims to identify
communication-based indicators for gambling-related problems in the
setting of online gambling. In the framework of a semi-structured
interview, customer service employees of three online gambling operators
were surveyed, to identify indicators in customer correspondence could be
used as a predictor for gambling-related problems. In a confirmatory part
of the study, we investigated to what degree these indicators are able to
predict problem gambling in a prospective empirical design. An optimally
parsimonious log-linear model, was able to correctly predict 76.6% of the
cases. Discussed in the light of this evidence, communication-based
indicators could constitute an effective component of early detection. Due
to the fact that the internet offers optimal conditions for consistent
monitoring and objective analysis, the suggested predictive model could be
combined with other models, relying on the analysis of gambling behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 273-288
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.604643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.604643
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:273-288
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Online self-guided interventions for the treatment of problem gambling
Abstract:
A minority of problem gamblers access formal treatment.
Factors contributing to this low service utilization rate include
geographical and time constraints, a desire to self-manage problems,
shame, denial and concerns over privacy/confidentiality. The Internet is
an effective medium for the delivery of health-related information,
self-assessment, counselling, peer-based support and other therapeutic
interventions. Consequently, online self-help programs should be offered
as an alternative means to access treatment for gamblers reluctant to
pursue traditional options. Benefits of the Internet include its capacity
to provide a systematic delivery of cognitive-behavioural therapies,
practical visual demonstrations of probabilities correcting erroneous
beliefs, accessibility, convenience, cost-effectiveness, anonymity and
privacy. We conducted a review of the literature to outline the advantages
and current status of self-guided online
interventions for gambling-related problem. Although this
is a new field, empirical evidence indicates that online self-guided
interventions are efficacious and represent an important treatment adjunct
for individuals with gambling-related problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 289-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.617764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.617764
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:289-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Robert Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Title: Internet gambling policy in critical comparative perspective: the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks
Abstract:
Following the rapid progression of Internet gambling,
governments internationally are struggling to create and enact appropriate
and effective regulations. A situation of inter-jurisdictional
inconsistency exists and regulatory frameworks are constantly changing,
with international policies of prohibition, legalization or partial
legalization, or imprecise legal limbo. The ambiguity of the current
situation and questionable effectiveness of policies in place makes it
difficult for gambling operators, treatment providers, players and other
stakeholders to formulate appropriate responses to online gambling. This
article aims to bring some clarity and offer guidance for the effective
implementation of gambling policy by examining the comparative evolution
of Internet gambling in Australia and Canada, and the respective social,
legal, economic and political responses. The differences in the
development of online gambling highlight the unique paths possible, yet
the similarities between these jurisdictions provide key examples of how
policymakers, gambling operators, researchers and consumers can respond to
this phenomenon.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 309-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.619553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.619553
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:309-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susana Jiménez-Murcia
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Murcia
Author-Name: Randy Stinchfield
Author-X-Name-First: Randy
Author-X-Name-Last: Stinchfield
Author-Name: Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Aranda
Author-Name: Juan José Santamaría
Author-X-Name-First: Juan José
Author-X-Name-Last: Santamaría
Author-Name: Eva Penelo
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Penelo
Author-Name: Roser Granero
Author-X-Name-First: Roser
Author-X-Name-Last: Granero
Author-Name: Mónica Gómez-Peña
Author-X-Name-First: Mónica
Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez-Peña
Author-Name: Neus Aymamí
Author-X-Name-First: Neus
Author-X-Name-Last: Aymamí
Author-Name: Laura Moragas
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Moragas
Author-Name: Antonio Soto
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Soto
Author-Name: José M. Menchón
Author-X-Name-First: José M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Menchón
Title: Are online pathological gamblers different from non-online pathological gamblers on demographics, gambling problem severity, psychopathology and personality characteristics?
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare online pathological
gamblers (OPG) to non-online pathological gamblers (non-OPG) in terms of
gambling behaviour, socio-demographic features, psychopathology and
personality characteristics. A large sample of 1015 pathological gambling
(PG) patients consecutively admitted to our Pathological Gambling Unit
participated in the study. There were very few differences between OPGs
and non-OPGs, limited to OPGs exhibiting slightly higher educational
levels, higher socio-economic status and larger amounts of money spent on
gambling and gambling debts. There were no differences in clinical,
psychopathological and personality characteristics. Although
some research has been conducted in the general population, the current
paper is one of the few attempts to analyse this topic in clinical samples
who seek treatment for their gambling problem. The lack of differences
between OPGs and non-OPGs found in our study may encourage further studies
to analyse whether similar therapy responses might be obtained in both
groups.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 325-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.628333
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.628333
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:325-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Alison Moody
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Moody
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Rachel Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: Defining the online gambler and patterns of behaviour integration: evidence from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010
Abstract:
This paper presents data from the British Gambling Prevalence
Survey (BGPS) 2010, a large-scale random probability survey of adults (n =
7756), to examine how people gamble and ways in which online and offline
gambling are integrated. Fourteen per cent of respondents were past year
Internet gamblers (7% if purchase of lottery tickets online is excluded).
The majority of online gamblers were also offline gamblers and a broader
taxonomy of gambling subgroups was evident. This included those who chose
different mediums of access for different activities and those who gambled
online and offline on the same activity (mixed mode gamblers). These mixed
mode gamblers had the highest rates of gambling involvement and higher
problem gambling prevalence rates. Direct comparisons between Internet and
non-Internet gamblers therefore ignore key questions of how people
integrate online provisions with offline activities which may have
important implications for our understanding of the relative risks
associated with online gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 339-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.628684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.628684
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:339-356
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessika Svensson
Author-X-Name-First: Jessika
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson
Author-Name: Ulla Romild
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla
Author-X-Name-Last: Romild
Title: Incidence of Internet gambling in Sweden: results from the Swedish longitudinal gambling study
Abstract:
In the present study, Internet gambling was studied with data
from the first two waves of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study.
Self-reported gambling problems, alcohol consumption, smoking, mental
health, social support, gender and other socio-demographic factors were
evaluated with respect to the prevalence of Internet gambling in 2008 and
2009 and the incidence in 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used.
In 2009 most Internet gamblers (72%) were men. However, women seem to have
become more involved in Internet gambling. In 2009, 62.5% of new Internet
gamblers since 2008 were men. Mental health, alcohol, smoking and social
support were not predictive factors for incident Internet gambling.
Self-reported gambling on regulated Internet sites showed higher
prevalence rates of problem gamblers than gambling on land-based forms in
2008, but not in 2009. At both time-points, unregulated sites had the
highest rates of problem gambling. The findings suggest that a gender
perspective on Internet gambling is needed as well as carefully designed
policies and research related to the regulation of Internet gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 357-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.629203
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.629203
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:357-375
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simo Dragicevic
Author-X-Name-First: Simo
Author-X-Name-Last: Dragicevic
Author-Name: George Tsogas
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsogas
Author-Name: Aleksandar Kudic
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Kudic
Title: Analysis of casino online gambling data in relation to behavioural risk markers for high-risk gambling and player protection
Abstract:
The Internet gambling industry has witnessed tremendous
growth in recent years. Nonetheless, our understanding of Internet problem
gambling behaviour remains in its infancy. In this paper we build on
previous research analysing behavioural markers for high-risk Internet
gambling using a new casino data set of active real money Internet
gamblers. We assess the first month of play following registration using
four behavioural markers: trajectory, frequency, intensity and
variability. Our findings identify groups of gamblers who show signs of
potentially risky behaviours, specifically gambling intensity and
frequency. These gamblers also spend time gambling on slots Internet
games. These findings provide a basis for using behavioural analysis to
educate players about risks associated with gambling. We suggest a
framework for how this can be implemented. Further research leading to the
identification of risk factors for problem gambling using new
methodologies and data sets will increase the clinical understanding of
Internet problem gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 377-391
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.629204
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.629204
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:377-391
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Kevin A. Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Michelle Jarick
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarick
Author-Name: Vance MacLaren
Author-X-Name-First: Vance
Author-X-Name-Last: MacLaren
Author-Name: Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fugelsang
Author-Name: Emily Sheepy
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheepy
Title: Psychophysiological arousal signatures of near-misses in slot machine play
Abstract:
Near-misses in slot machines resemble jackpot wins but fall
just short (e.g. two red sevens on the payline and a third just above).
These outcomes have been shown to be subjectively arousing outcomes that
promote further slot machine play. We assessed the psychophysical
responses of 65 participants to wins, losses and near-misses while playing
a slot machine simulator. Skin conductance responses were significantly
larger for near-misses than either wins or losses. Similarly, heart rate
deceleration was significantly larger for near-misses than either wins or
losses. These arousal responses were not mediated by players' problem
gambling status - near-misses generated large arousal responses even among
novice players. We propose that these arousal patterns are due to the
frustration of just missing a big win. This research shows the
psychophysiological responses triggered by near-misses, and furthers our
understanding of how near-misses promote further play.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 393-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.603134
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.603134
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:393-407
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: First Nations gaming in Canada
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 409-410
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.616909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.616909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:11:y:2011:i:3:p:409-410
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Whyte
Author-X-Name-First: Keith
Author-X-Name-Last: Whyte
Title: The state of responsible gaming in the United States
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.659749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.659749
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:1:p:1-3
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Guttentag
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guttentag
Author-Name: Kevin Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Stephen Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Gambling by Ontario casino employees: gambling behaviours, problem gambling and impacts of the employment
Abstract:
Research suggests gambling industry employees exhibit high rates of
problem gambling. This paper extends the research by examining casino
employee gambling in Ontario. Nine hundred thirty-four employees from five
casinos completed a survey and a further 21 participated in interviews.
Employees' gambling behaviours were found to relate to various workplace
influences (exposure to gambling; exposure to patrons; exposure to the
work environment, and the existence of training, restrictions, and
resources) and employment variables (length of employment, previous
industry experience, and department). Additionally, employees exhibited
problem gambling rates over three times greater than those of the general
population. These higher rates were explained primarily by employees who
increased their gambling after commencing employment and employees who
were attracted to their jobs because of prior gambling involvement.
Findings highlight the unique factors associated with problem gambling
among gambling industry employees.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 5-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.605069
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.605069
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:1:p:5-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: A model of Indigenous commercial gambler profiles in north Queensland, Australia
Abstract:
This paper examines commercial gambling by Indigenous Australians in
three regions of north Queensland. Semi-structured interviews conducted
with 60 Indigenous Australians revealed numerous themes that influence
Indigenous gambling activities. Themes were synthesized into a conceptual
model for understanding Indigenous commercial gambling by developing
several gambler profiles. These profiles were analysed as being positioned
along a public health continuum model of gambling, from healthy to
unhealthy commercial gambling. The four emerging profiles were labelled
social, binge, exploited and committed gambler, respectively. The
continuum model explains gambler profiles, including behaviours,
motivations and outcomes as moving from healthy gambling in low-risk
situations to unhealthy gambling in high-risk situations. The model
contributes to a deeper understanding of influences involved in
controlling or stimulating gambling by Indigenous gamblers in these
regions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 23-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.607836
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.607836
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:23-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karin Tochkov
Author-X-Name-First: Karin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tochkov
Title: No regrets? Mood and the anticipation of emotions in problem gambling
Abstract:
To minimize the possibility of experiencing regret over the outcome of a
decision, people take into account their anticipated regret when
evaluating their options before making the decision. The present study
examined the accuracy of regret anticipation in the context of gambling
behaviour. Using a sample of 82 community gamblers, the study tested
whether the gap between anticipated and actual regret is different for
social gamblers and problem gamblers. The effects of mood and selected
personality factors on the anticipation of regret were also investigated.
The results revealed that problem gamblers committed a larger error in
predicting regret than social gamblers. Frustrated mood was found to
affect the anticipation error of social but not of problem gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 39-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.611525
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.611525
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:39-53
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anita Borch
Author-X-Name-First: Anita
Author-X-Name-Last: Borch
Title: Gambling in the news and the revelation of market power: the case of Norway
Abstract:
Drawing on a statistical analysis of Norwegian newspapers, this paper
explores the structure of power regulating the Norwegian gambling market.
A basic assumption is that structures of power have to be identified
before desirable changes of markets can be made. The analysis indicates
that the press's view on gambling in the mid-2000s was split. Whereas
governmental gambling services such as lotteries and bookmakers were seen
from a market view in which gambling is seen as being like any other
product on the market, non-governmental gambling services such as slot
machines and online gambling services were seen from a medical point of
view, which suggests that gambling is a dangerous source of addiction. The
importance of this split should not be underestimated, as it legitimizes
the state's gambling policy. To get a more complete picture of the
structure of power regulating western gambling markets today, similar
studies from other countries should be conducted.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 55-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.616907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.616907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:55-67
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wooksoo Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Wooksoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Acculturation and gambling in Asian Americans: when culture meets availability
Abstract:
Research shows that culture influences gambling behaviours. While there
is anecdotal evidence about the pervasiveness of gambling and the
seriousness of problems in Asian communities in the US, there is little
information in the academic literature on acculturation and its effect on
gambling behaviours in Asian populations. This study found that gambling
prevalence in the Asian population is much lower, but the rate of problem
gambling is higher than or equal to that in the general population of the
US. Higher gambling availability in the US, combined with a
gambling-permissive Asian culture, seems to contribute to an increase in
gambling participation and problem gambling in Asians living in western
countries. The results highlight the importance of investigating
acculturation in gambling behaviours among diverse Asian American ethnic
groups. In addition, measures should be developed that take into account
gambling culture in order to design culturally responsive
treatment/prevention programs for Asian Americans.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 69-88
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.616908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.616908
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:69-88
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer M. Boldero
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Boldero
Author-Name: Richard C. Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Title: An evaluation of the factor structure of the Problem Gambling Severity Index
Abstract:
The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) was designed to assess
gambling problems in community samples. It has 12 items, nine of which are
scored to determine problem gambling level. Although recent studies have
evaluated the PGSI's psychometric properties, these have not used methods
best suited for this task. The present study used both confirmatory factor
analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) modelling to assess these
properties for a college student sample
(N = 366). The scale was unidimensional and had
varying item factor loadings that were identical for male and female
participants. The latent gambling problem characteristic obtained from the
12-item set was more strongly correlated with gambling frequencies, was
reliable and provided more information than a scale comprised of
unweighted items or the latent characteristic obtained from, or a scale
comprised of, the scored items. Future research should consider using the
weighted 12-item scale to assess gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 89-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.635675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.635675
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:89-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samantha L. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Samantha L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Sophie Lewis
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis
Author-Name: Colin McLeod
Author-X-Name-First: Colin
Author-X-Name-Last: McLeod
Author-Name: John Haycock
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Haycock
Title: 'They are working every angle'. A qualitative study of Australian adults' attitudes towards, and interactions with, gambling industry marketing strategies
Abstract:
As gambling products have diversified so too have the ways in which the
gambling industry has been able to target, reach and engage different
sectors of the community. Limited research has explored the ways in which
individuals conceptualize and respond to gambling marketing strategies.
Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 100 adults in
Victoria, Australia, who had gambled at least once during the previous
year. Participants described the multi-layered ways in which gambling was
marketed and were concerned about the role of marketing in
'normalizing' gambling for some groups. Male participants
felt 'bombarded' and 'targeted' by sports bet
marketing. Most women and older men actively resisted gambling marketing
strategies. Older women, younger men, moderate and high risk gamblers and
those from low socio-economic backgrounds were particularly influenced by
incentivization to gambling. This study highlights the complex ways in
which different individuals interpret and respond to gambling industry
marketing strategies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 111-127
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.639381
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.639381
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:111-127
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yale D. Belanger
Author-X-Name-First: Yale D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Belanger
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Urban Aboriginal and First Nations perspectives on casinos and the First Nations gaming industry in Alberta, Canada
Abstract:
There is a surprising paucity of information about urban Aboriginal
gambling behaviours and practices, considering that the urban Aboriginal
community is the fastest-growing demographic group in Canada and that
indigenous people have some of the highest rates of gambling and problem
gambling. Interpreting the focus group findings from First Nations and
urban Aboriginal participants in Alberta, this study provides insights
into urban Aboriginal and rural First Nations attitudes to gambling and
the perceived value of the provincial First Nations gaming industry.
Although the First Nations focus groups were aware of gambling's
associated positive and negative outcomes, they were generally supportive
of their communities' decision to pursue casinos. The urban Aboriginal
focus group, however, identified little positive about the casinos, even
if its participants supported the First Nations' capacity to pursue casino
development. These tensions demand policymakers' attention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 129-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.643908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.643908
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:129-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer M. Boldero
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Boldero
Author-Name: Richard C. Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Title: Chance- and skill-based dimensions underlying young Australians' gambling activities and their relationships with gambling problems and other factors
Abstract:
Using data from computer-assisted telephone interviews with 1000 18- to
24-year old Australians, the structure underlying participation in 12
gambling activities was investigated. Factor analysis indicated that
activities were differentiated into those that are chance-based, involve
selecting a winner and involve individuals' skills. Gambling problems,
assessed using a four-item factor, were related to participation in the
two skill-based activity types. Males participated in these more than
females. Age was positively related to participating in activities
involving selecting a winner and negatively to those involving
individuals' skills. Participation in activities associated with the three
factors was differentially related to individual difference factors along
with family and peer participation in, and support for, gambling. Together
the results indicate that young Australians do not view gambling
activities homogeneously and future research should focus on the
predictors and outcomes of different types of gambling among this age
group.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 145-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.643907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.643907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:145-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terri-Lynn MacKay
Author-X-Name-First: Terri-Lynn
Author-X-Name-Last: MacKay
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Cognitive distortions as a problem gambling risk factor in Internet gambling
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cognitive
distortions in Internet gambling. The primary objectives were to determine
whether cognitive distortions predict Internet gambling and investigate
whether distorted gambling-related cognitions are associated with problem
gambling severity among online gamblers. Three hundred and seventy four
undergraduate participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) completed an
online questionnaire looking at demographics, play-related variables
(duration, frequency and expenditures of play) and cognitive distortions.
Variables were entered into a logistic regression model to predict online
gambling. Three variables made independent contributions to predicting
Internet gambling: male gender, higher frequency of play, and cognitive
distortions. A hierarchical linear regression analysis with Internet
gamblers revealed that cognitive distortions accounted for a proportion of
the variance in problem gambling severity beyond variance accounted for by
demographic variables and level of gambling involvement. Results suggest
that cognitive distortions are a risk factor in online gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 163-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.648652
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.648652
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:163-175
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miranda E. Devlin
Author-X-Name-First: Miranda E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Devlin
Author-Name: D. Walton
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walton
Title: The prevalence of problem gambling in New Zealand as measured by the PGSI: adjusting prevalence estimates using meta-analysis
Abstract:
Two New Zealand surveys were examined to assess the robustness and
reliability of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). The PGSI
cohered to a single factor in both data sets and had high internal
reliability. These features held when separately considering men, women,
Māori, Pacific and Asian people. Positive associations were evident
between the PGSI and gambling behaviour, accessing gambling intervention
services, arguing about gambling, the burden of debt due to gambling, and
the co-morbidity of smoking. A meta-analysis of the two surveys
establishes a prevalence of .53%. When considering 36 overseas studies
this figure is adjusted to .50%. These estimates are around 20% higher
than that established by the largest NZ study and 25% lower than the
latest study. The use of meta-analysis is recommended to obtain a timely
and accurate estimate of the prevalence of problem gambling, especially
when repeating a large sample survey is prohibitively expensive.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 177-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.653384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2011.653384
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:177-197
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louise Holdsworth
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Holdsworth
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: Exploring women's problem gambling: a review of the literature
Abstract:
Problem gambling is a social issue that increasingly involves women;
however, research into gambling and gambling problems amongst women has
not kept pace with the feminization of gambling. The aims of this paper
are to review relevant literature, discuss research findings on
distinctive features of women's gambling, and consider various
explanations for gender differences in gambling. While minimal gendered
gambling research has been conducted over the past decade, gender
differences are apparent in relation to progression to problem gambling,
gambling preferences and motivations. Drawing on literature including
social capital theory, gender role theory, socialization and cultural
geography helps to illuminate why, for instance, for some older women,
their gambling increases as their gendered caring role decreases. A better
understanding of women's experiences of gambling will allow practical
prevention, harm-minimization and treatment strategies to be implemented,
and for women's concerns and needs to be accommodated in gambling policy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 199-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.656317
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.656317
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:2:p:199-213
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Daniel R. Lalande
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lalande
Title: Pre-commitment in gambling: a review of the empirical evidence
Abstract:
Norway, a Canadian province and Australia have introduced, or are
considering introducing, voluntary or mandatory pre-commitment systems for
electronic gaming machines. This paper critically reviews the empirical
literature evaluating the effectiveness of such systems as a responsible
gambling strategy. A literature search identified 17 relevant peer- and
non-peer-reviewed publications. Self-report data suggests the majority of
gamblers are positively predisposed to the concept of pre-commitment but
non-problem and low-risk gamblers regard the system as personally
unnecessary. Overall, studies reported variable findings relating to
adherence to money limits and expenditure. Few gamblers appear to use
options to set time limits. Methodological flaws such as low participation
rates, compromised data integrity resulting from card sharing and failure
to control for concurrent gambling outside trials limit conclusions drawn
regarding the effectiveness of pre-commitment. It is recommended that
further systematic trials should be implemented to determine the impact of
pre-commitment systems on gamblers' behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 215-230
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.658078
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.658078
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:2:p:215-230
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Title: A review of Australian classification practices for commercial video games featuring simulated gambling
Abstract:
This paper reviews Australian classification practices for commercial
video games that contain simulated gambling. In the last decade, over 100
video games featuring gambling simulations have been classified as
suitable for commercial sale to youth in Australia, with 69 of these video
games rated 'PG' for Parental Guidance Recommended (i.e.
suitable for ages 8+years) and the remaining 33 rated 'G'
for General (i.e. suitable for all ages). A review of the literature
suggests that consumer advice and warnings related to video game material
are often inconsistent and/or not adequately provided. A public health
approach suggests that the presence of gambling content in video games may
present risks to younger players unfamiliar with how gambling operates. It
is argued that there is a need for further academic debate on social
responsibility issues of early childhood and adolescent exposure to, and
involvement in, simulated gambling activities available in interactive
gaming technologies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 231-242
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.661444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.661444
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:2:p:231-242
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Ashley Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Jeremy Buultjens
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Buultjens
Title: Meanings of Aboriginal gambling across New South Wales, Australia
Abstract:
A social perspective of gambling explains gambling as a consequence of
the social, structural and cultural environment in which gamblers live. In
the Australian Indigenous context the social perspective is important,
given the significance of community and family ties. This paper aims to
explore meanings of Aboriginal gambling across New South Wales (NSW),
Australia. Taking an interpretivist stance, semi-structured interviews
were conducted with 13 knowledgeable Indigenous Australians, key elected
and nominated state representatives. Meanings of Aboriginal gambling
included the collective activity of gambling within social networks in the
hope of a win. More problematic meanings of gambling were always gambling
to win, chasing losses and continual financial distress which appeared to
reduce social network bonds. Contrasting problem gambling with
recreational gambling revealed that some Indigenous gamblers use their
existing cultural and kin relationships on which many of their social
networks are based to gamble together in a controlled recreational manner.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 243-256
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.664158
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.664158
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:2:p:243-256
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Author-Name: Francis Markham
Author-X-Name-First: Francis
Author-X-Name-Last: Markham
Author-Name: Bruce Doran
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Doran
Title: Too close to home? The relationships between residential distance to venue and gambling outcomes
Abstract:
Although gambling accessibility is generally viewed as a multidimensional
construct, few studies have successfully untangled the specific role of
spatial accessibility in determining gambling outcomes relative to other
forms (i.e. temporal, social and psychological). In this paper, we explore
the association between gambling outcomes and the distance travelled from
a person's home to their most-frequented gambling venue. To this end, we
conducted a geocoded mail survey of 7044 households in the Northern
Territory of Australia. We employed a geographic information system to
calculate the network distance from each household to all visited
electronic gaming machine (EGM) venues (n = 64). Multivariate
regression modelling revealed that, when adjusted for individual and
neighbourhood-level characteristics, frequency of venue visitation and
gambling participation were inversely related to residential distance from
venue. There was no additional distance effect for problem gambling.
Spatial accessibility of EGMs is an important determinant of gambling risk
and should be explicitly considered by regulators.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 257-273
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.664159
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.664159
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:2:p:257-273
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edimansyah Abdin
Author-X-Name-First: Edimansyah
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdin
Author-Name: Mythily Subramaniam
Author-X-Name-First: Mythily
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramaniam
Author-Name: Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
Author-X-Name-First: Janhavi Ajit
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaingankar
Author-Name: Siow Ann Chong
Author-X-Name-First: Siow Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong
Title: Reliability and validity of the English version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen in a multiracial Asian community sample in Singapore
Abstract:
A reliable and valid instrument is necessary for measuring and tracking
the prevalence of gambling problems in the general population. The purpose
of the present study was to examine the reliability and construct validity
of the English version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) in a
multiracial Asian community sample from Singapore. A national
cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2009 and December
2010. A total of 1826 respondents completed the SOGS. The mean age of
respondents was 40.2 years and 61.1% were men. The SOGS demonstrated high
internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. CFA
supported a one-factor solution for the SOGS. The goodness-of-fit indices
fit the data well (χ-super-2(df) = 391(170),
p = > 0.001, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.96,
TLI = 0.95). The results of the validation study provide
evidence of reliability and construct validity of the English version of
the SOGS for screening gambling problems in a multiracial Asian community
sample.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 275-293
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.669777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.669777
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:275-293
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Willner-Reid
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Willner-Reid
Author-Name: Neil Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Henrietta Bowden Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Henrietta Bowden
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Andrew K. MacLeod
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew K.
Author-X-Name-Last: MacLeod
Title: Affective forecasting in problem gamblers
Abstract:
Affective forecasting refers to the process of predicting emotional
reactions to future events. It plays an important role in decision making,
but is also prone to errors, such as the 'impact bias': a
tendency to overestimate the intensity of future reactions. The impact
bias has been considered evolutionarily adaptive, as it performs a
protective function in motivating people to avoid risky behaviour.
Affective forecasting may be qualitatively different in a risk-taking
population such as problem gamblers (PGs). In particular, PGs may fail to
show the impact bias. This study was the first to examine affective
forecasting in PGs. PGs (N = 25) and controls (N = 29)
were asked to predict how they would feel after completing a guessing
task. As hypothesized, controls exaggerated how bad they would feel after
losing at the task, whereas PGs accurately predicted their reactions.
Encouraging PGs to focus on anticipated emotions may be a novel target for
treatment interventions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 295-307
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.671841
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.671841
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:295-307
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stella Sau-kuen Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Stella Sau-kuen
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Author-Name: Sandra Kit-man Tsang
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Kit-man
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsang
Title: Development and validation of the Chinese adolescent gambling expectancy scale
Abstract:
Gambling expectancies have been reported to be an important variable in
adolescents' gambling behaviours. However, little is known regarding the
role of gambling expectancies among Chinese adolescents. This study aimed
to identify Chinese adolescents' expectancies for gambling and to evaluate
their relation to gambling behaviours. Exploratory and confirmatory factor
analyses were performed which confirmed that a five-factor model was a
good fit for the data. The five factors -- namely, social benefits,
relational costs, material gain, being out of control, and money loss --
were revealed. The findings demonstrate the importance of understanding
gambling behaviours within specific cultural contexts.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 309-329
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.672582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.672582
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:309-329
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anise M.S. Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Anise M.S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Vivienne Y.K. Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Vivienne Y.K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Author-Name: Kwok-kit Tong
Author-X-Name-First: Kwok-kit
Author-X-Name-Last: Tong
Author-Name: Shu Fai Cheung
Author-X-Name-First: Shu Fai
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheung
Title: Psychometric evaluation of the inventory of Gambling Motives, Attitudes and Behaviours (GMAB) among Chinese gamblers
Abstract:
The present study aims to evaluate and refine the Inventory of Gambling
Motives, Attitudes and Behaviours (GMAB) specifically designed to assess
gambling-related cognitions and behaviours of Chinese gamblers with a
random sample of 697 Chinese adults in Macao who were interviewed by
telephone. Confirmatory factor analysis generally replicated the basic
factor structure of the three domains of GMAB although the removal of
several items with low factor loading or cross-loading was suggested.
Moreover, the findings supported the addition of another motivational
subscale, socialization. The revised version has six
subscales of motives (self-worth, monetary
gains, sensation seeking, boredom
alleviation, learning and
socialization), four of attitudes (fate and
luck, negative consequences of gambling,
techniques and superstition), and five
of behaviours (impaired control, gambling
involvement, arousal reaction,
superstitious behaviour and controlled
gambling). The psychometric properties of the revised GMAB
(GMAB-R) were demonstrated to be satisfactory.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 331-347
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.678273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.678273
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:331-347
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel Luke King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Title: Behavioural profiling of problem gamblers: a summary and review
Abstract:
In many countries, there is increasing interest in early intervention
strategies to assist people who are experiencing gambling-related
problems. Central to these discussions is whether it is possible to
identify problem gambling and/or risky behaviour in situ before gamblers
formally seek assistance. This paper provides a review and critique of the
small amount of published literature relating specifically to behavioural
indicators and their practical application. It concludes that, while there
is general agreement concerning the range of indicators that could be
used, the process of identification remains difficult in practice.
Multiple indicators are usually required to make reliable identifications;
the nature of indicators will vary depending on the mode of gambling
(land-based vs online), and venue staff employees usually have
insufficient opportunity to obtain enough information to make judgments.
The potential value of combining behavioural information with
electronically monitored gambling data is discussed as a possible future
strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of identification processes.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 349-366
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.678274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.678274
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:349-366
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Lillian Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: B. Lillian
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Bo J. Bernhard
Author-X-Name-First: Bo J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard
Title: Chicks with decks: the female lived experience in poker
Abstract:
Though poker does not inherently discriminate between men and women, the
proportion of men in the game is much higher than that of women. The
authors describe the female lived experience in poker, including
interactional barriers to participation from the moment they step foot in
the door, to individual decisions at the table, and through to the time
they depart. In-depth qualitative interviews with 13 recreational and
professional poker players are used to explore these issues. Strategies
women use to overcome the potentially uncomfortable and intimidating
environment to persist in poker play are also explored, such as
community-building through women-only poker games and adapting to and
forming aggressive play strategies. It is suggested that poker be
distinguished as a unique example of gender differences in gambling, a
complex group interaction that goes beyond the current theory on gendered
gambling preferences.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 367-385
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.680900
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.680900
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:367-385
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D.T.L. Shek
Author-X-Name-First: D.T.L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shek
Author-Name: E.M.L. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: E.M.L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: R.H.Y. Wong
Author-X-Name-First: R.H.Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Title: Comorbid mood and adjustment disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment in Hong Kong
Abstract:
Research findings on comorbidity and pathological gambling are
non--existent in Chinese communities. The objectives of this study were
to: (a) determine the prevalence of comorbid mood and adjustment disorders
among pathological gamblers seeking treatment in Hong Kong; (b) compare
demographic profiles and clinical features in pathological gamblers with
and without comorbid mood and adjustment disorders; and (c) explore the
association and temporal relationship between pathological gambling and
comorbid mood and adjustment disorders. Assessment instruments included
demographic data, BSI, SCID-I, ASI and LIFE-RIFT. Results showed that
about two-thirds (63.7%; n = 128) of 201 participants reported
lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorders. Most common comorbid disorders
were mood disorders (29.4%; n = 59) and adjustment disorders
(20.9%; n = 42). Pathological gamblers with comorbid mood or
adjustment disorders showed more severe levels of psychopathology,
impairment in psychosocial functioning and gambling problems. This study
is important because it is the first scientific comorbidity study among
pathological gamblers in a Chinese context.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 387-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.689000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.689000
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:387-404
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim Brosowski
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Brosowski
Author-Name: Gerhard Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Author-Name: Tobias Hayer
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayer
Title: Analyses of multiple types of online gambling within one provider: an extended evaluation framework of actual online gambling behaviour
Abstract:
The aim of this article is to extend previous publications of actual
online gambling behaviour that neglected involvement across multiple types
of gambling and did not provide levels of at-risk involvement. Behavioural
data from 27,653 subscribers of an online gambling provider (bwin) in
February 2005 were reanalysed across eight products over seven months.
Established involvement levels of offline gambling segregated possible
online at-risk gamblers. Forty-seven percent of the sample exceeded at
least one of the two most conservative thresholds. Each additionally used
gambling product increased the risk of transgressing involvement cut-offs
by 3.06 to 4.27 times, but type-specific risks decreased strongly after
adjusting for involvement in multiple gambling types. Only Poker and
Live-action betting remained significant risk factors after adjustment.
Taken together, cross-product analyses of gambling patterns lay the
groundwork for an extended understanding of individual online gambling
behaviour and overcome the methodological artefacts of isolated analyses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 405-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.698295
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.698295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:405-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: Simone
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: Preoccupation, gambling and the DSM-V
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 421-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2012
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.698296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.698296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:12:y:2012:i:3:p:421-422
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.780814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.780814
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:1-3
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Title: What proportion of gambling is problem gambling? Estimates from the 2010 British Gambling Prevalence Survey
Abstract:
The paper reports secondary analysis of data from the 2010 British
Gambling Prevalence Survey, a household survey of a representative sample
of the population aged 16 years and over (N = 7756). Responses
to questions about frequency of gambling and average monthly spend on each
of 15 forms of gambling, and responses to two different problem gambling
screens (DSM-IV and PGSI), were used to derive estimates, for each form of
gambling separately, of the percentage of (1) all days play (two
estimates), and (2) all spend (four estimates), attributable to problem
gamblers. Although these estimates must be treated as approximations only,
they demonstrate that problem gamblers make a far greater contribution to
total gambling attendances and losses than problem gambling prevalence
figures would suggest. There are certain forms of British gambling to
which problem gamblers may be contributing as much as 20--30% of all days
play and spend, and moderate risk gamblers a possible further 10--20%.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 4-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.689001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.689001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:4-18
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayatbakhsh
Author-Name: Alexandra M. Clavarino
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clavarino
Author-Name: Gail M. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Gail M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: William Bor
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Bor
Author-Name: Jake M. Najman
Author-X-Name-First: Jake M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Najman
Title: Early life course predictors of young adults' gambling
Abstract:
This study examined the association between a wide range of factors and
young adults' gambling. Data were from the Mater-University of Queensland
Study of Pregnancy. The study is based on 3691 individuals for whom data
were available on self-report gambling and gambling expenditure at the
21-year follow-up. Independent variables were measured at the baseline and
14-year follow-up. Adolescents who smoked cigarettes, exhibited
externalizing problems, performed poorly at high school or experienced
childhood sexual abuse were more likely to gamble or spend more money on
gambling at 21 years. While it is uncertain whether early interventions
for those individuals who start to use substances at an early age or face
difficulties due to family circumstances will impact on rates of gambling,
research should examine whether intervention programmes that target
modifiable factors such as adolescent school performance and externalizing
behaviour reduce later gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 19-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.700941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.700941
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:19-36
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: Douglas M. Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: The relationship of ADHD symptoms to gambling behaviour in the USA: results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Abstract:
The study utilizes data from the National Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health (Add Health) to test the extent to which retrospectively
reported ADHD symptoms are associated with gambling behaviour in young
adults. Results from linear probability and logistic regression models
using data from 6145 survey respondents indicate that youths who reported
symptoms consistent with Hyperactive-Impulsive type ADHD in childhood were
significantly more likely than other youths to report clinical
characteristics of disordered gambling, large past-year losses and/or
multiple forms of gambling as young adults. The Combined type ADHD had no
significant relationship to the gambling indicators, while the Inattentive
type ADHD symptoms have a significant negative relationship to the
gambling indicators. These findings provide preliminary support in a
large, nationally representative sample for the relationship of ADHD and
gambling and underscore the importance of addressing gambling-related
issues in education, prevention and intervention efforts with youths with
ADHD and/or problems with impulse control.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 37-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.703213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.703213
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:37-51
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Weatherly
Author-Name: Katie B. Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Katie B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Title: Exploring the factors related to endorsing gambling as an escape
Abstract:
Research suggests there is a strong relationship between gambling
severity and endorsing gambling as an escape. The present study
investigated what factors were related to endorsing gambling as an escape.
In Experiment 1, 149 university students completed a questionnaire
designed to measure the contingencies maintaining one's gambling and a
measure of executive function. Endorsing gambling as an escape was
predicted by executive function associated with affect (empathy). In
Experiment 2, 269 university students completed a questionnaire of the
contingencies maintaining one's gambling and two measures related to
affect (current affective state and pattern of emotion regulation).
Impulse control related to dealing with negative emotions was unique in
predicting gambling as an escape. The results suggest that endorsing
gambling as an escape is related to emotion regulation both at a
neurological and cognitive level, which is potentially informative for
those interested in identifying, preventing and treating problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 52-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.703214
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.703214
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:52-64
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belle Gavriel-Fried
Author-X-Name-First: Belle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavriel-Fried
Author-Name: Mimi Ajzenstadt
Author-X-Name-First: Mimi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajzenstadt
Title: Securitization vs the yearning for peace in the Israeli casino discourse
Abstract:
This study analyses the controversy in Israel in the years 1958--2003
surrounding the legitimacy of casino gambling, with particular focus on
how it was affected by the operations of Casino Oasis in the Palestinian
Authority territory between 1998 and 2000. An interpretative narrative
analysis of debates in the Israeli Knesset (parliament) and in the local
press reveals that, prior to the casino's opening, most of the arguments
raised were similar to those seen elsewhere in the world, with opponents
objecting on moral, religious and social grounds, and those in favour
emphasizing its economic and tourism benefits. However, once Casino Oasis
opened its doors, the controversy took on a character not seen anywhere
else in this context -- opponents raised concerns about terrorism, while
proponents championed the casino as a promoter of peace and coexistence --
reflecting a broader, more fundamental national debate within Israeli
society over the country's physical boundaries.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 65-80
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.712149
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.712149
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:65-80
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Title: Why people gamble: a model with five motivational dimensions
Abstract:
A motivational model of gambling participation is presented. The model
comprises five motivational dimensions: the dream of hitting the jackpot
and transforming one's life, social rewards, intellectual challenge, mood
change induced by playing, and -- the fundamental motive for all gambling
-- the chance of winning. The model is primarily applicable to leisure
gambling in contemporary western societies, but also helps us understand
problem gambling. The model integrates the wide variety of motives
individuals have for gambling and makes it possible to understand the
specific appeal of gambling relative to other leisure activities. Gambling
taps into human biopsychology, easily evokes powerful psychological
processes, and connects with profound cultural meanings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 81-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.712150
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.712150
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:81-97
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fugelsang
Author-Name: Vance V. MacLaren
Author-X-Name-First: Vance V.
Author-X-Name-Last: MacLaren
Author-Name: Kevin A. Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Title: Gamblers can discriminate 'tight' from 'loose' electronic gambling machines
Abstract:
All slot machines make money over time, but the payouts to the players
can differ. 'Loose' machines pay out more than
'tight' machines. Gamblers (n = 1402) at Ontario
slots venues were assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index.
Their beliefs about slots were polled using the Informational Biases
Scale. Problem gamblers were more likely than non-problem and at-risk
gamblers to endorse the belief that 'some slot machines keep me
from winning because they are programmed to produce fewer wins than
normal'. We then showed that after extensive play (60 hours), 9 out
of 10 gamblers were able to correctly discriminate a 'loose'
machine (98% payback) from a 'tight' machine (85% payback).
Problem gamblers' assertions that there are 'loose' and
'tight' machines demonstrate a belief rooted in reality. The
ability to distinguish 'loose' from 'tight'
machines may be interpreted as a skill by players. Such skill, when
overestimated, may lead to erroneous cognitions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 98-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.712151
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.712151
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:98-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Candice Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: Candice
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Kevin A. Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Emily Sheepy
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheepy
Author-Name: Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fugelsang
Author-Name: Michelle Jarick
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarick
Title: Misinterpreting 'winning' in multiline slot machine games
Abstract:
On multiline slot machines, 'wins' often amount to less
than the spin wager, resulting in a monetary loss to the gambler.
Nevertheless, these losses disguised as wins (LDWs) are accompanied by
potentially reinforcing audiovisual feedback. A concern for gambling
behaviour is whether or not players categorize LDWs as wins or losses, as
miscategorization could effectively increase the reinforcement rate of
these games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether novice
gamblers psychologically miscategorize LDWs. Forty-seven novices
(undergraduate students) played 200 spins on an actual slot machine with
credits, then estimated how often they won. It was found that the more
LDWs players were exposed to, the higher their win estimates. In a
subsequent 'think out loud' playing session, the majority of
novices also verbally miscategorized LDWs as wins. We conclude that LDWs
could increase the reinforcement rate of these games, despite not
increasing the payout to the gambler.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 112-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.717635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.717635
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:112-126
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mathew Mathews
Author-X-Name-First: Mathew
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathews
Author-Name: Rachel Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: Impact of problem gambling on financial, emotional and social well-being of Singaporean families
Abstract:
Problem gambling has a profound impact on family members. While this has
been previously documented, this paper reports on the first study to
consider the extent of this impact in Asian societies where the family
continues to be a very important basis for social organization. This
study, based on in-depth interviews with 50 Singaporeans with a family
member who is a problem or pathological gambler, examines how their
financial, emotional and social well-being is impinged upon by gambling.
The enormous losses of savings, property and lifestyle, the emotional
tensions based on constant harassment from moneylenders, the threats of
suicide by the gambler and the distancing of social networks place family
members of problem gamblers in a vulnerable state. The qualitative data in
this paper fleshes out the lived experience of family members and reveals
the extent to which the family is mobilized in Asian societies to cope
with problem gambling. While the impact of problem gambling on families is
similar across societies, routine mobilization of the extended family and
the greater role of public shame and embarrassment in dictating Asian
families' responses underscore the need for specialized services in these
societies to assist family members to better cope with the financial,
emotional and social strains caused by problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 127-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.731422
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.731422
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:127-140
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Annie Goulet
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Goulet
Author-Name: Frank Vitaro
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Vitaro
Title: Prevention programmes for youth gambling: a review of the empirical evidence
Abstract:
This paper critically reviews the existing literature on the
effectiveness of gambling prevention programmes for youth. Two categories
of preventive strategies, all universal and most school-based, are
presented: gambling-specific prevention programmes and
gambling and related skills workshops. The age of the
participants across the different studies varied from 9 to 20 years.
Results show that programmes in both categories are generally effective in
reducing misconceptions and increasing knowledge about gambling. However,
a lack of long-term follow-ups and of behavioural measures makes it
difficult to draw any clear conclusions about the effectiveness of such
programmes. Recommendations are presented to improve the development and
evaluation of future prevention programmes for youth gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 141-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.740496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.740496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:141-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valérie Beauregard
Author-X-Name-First: Valérie
Author-X-Name-Last: Beauregard
Author-Name: Serge Brochu
Author-X-Name-First: Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Brochu
Title: Gambling in prison: addiction or leisure activity?
Abstract:
Several studies conducted around the world confirm the
presence of gambling in detention facilities. Based on interviews
conducted with male inmates in three Canadian penitentiaries, the authors
of this article studied the reasons to gamble or not gamble in detention.
The inmates' relationships with gambling prior to their incarceration were
taken into consideration, to explain notably the influence of context on
the reasons why they do or do not gamble. For most inmates, gambling is a
good recreational alternative to boredom; however, some use it also to
socialize or even protect themselves indirectly. Even more interesting is
the fact that, despite the presence of gambling addicts among the inmates
interviewed, none of the reasons generally associated with pathological
gambling was reported during the interviews to explain gambling in
detention. These results reinforce the influence of contextual factors on
pathological gambling problems. Anxiety-producing factors in gamblers'
lives, an environment where gambling is too accessible, as well as
solitary habits, are conducive to addiction. By reducing stressful
elements, as well as the availability, variety and special effects of
gambling games, prison would indirectly control inmates' compulsive
gambling habits during their incarceration.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 160-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.745162
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.745162
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:160-175
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel R. Lalande
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lalande
Author-Name: Emmanuelle Bastille-Denis
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Bastille-Denis
Author-Name: Cathy Savard
Author-X-Name-First: Cathy
Author-X-Name-Last: Savard
Author-Name: Christian Jacques
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacques
Author-Name: Martin Leclerc
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Leclerc
Author-Name: Isabelle Giroux
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Giroux
Title: Investigating non-gamblers: another step toward identifying potential protective factors against problem gambling
Abstract:
In this article it is argued that knowing more about
non-gamblers could help researchers discover novel protective factors
against problem gambling. The purpose of this study was to therefore to
identify the sociodemographic, psychological and behavioural
characteristics that are more prevalent among non-gamblers than among
gamblers. Results from a logistic regression analysis with a
representative sample of adults in the province of Quebec (Canada)
revealed 12 significant predictors of non-gambling status. Among these
predictors, seven were sociodemographic variables (i.e. birthplace, mother
tongue, childhood religion, civil status, education, family income and
family history of gambling problems), four were psychological variables
(i.e. perception of one's financial situation relative to others, optimism
concerning one's financial situation, beliefs concerning chances of
winning, and suicidal ideation) and one variable was behavioural (i.e.
church attendance). Further research including different types of
variables and a common operational definition of non-gamblers is necessary
to better understand this subgroup and its potential for possessing
protective factors against gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 176-187
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.745163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.745163
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:176-187
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicola Adami
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola
Author-X-Name-Last: Adami
Author-Name: Sergio Benini
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio
Author-X-Name-Last: Benini
Author-Name: Alberto Boschetti
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Boschetti
Author-Name: Luca Canini
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Canini
Author-Name: Florinda Maione
Author-X-Name-First: Florinda
Author-X-Name-Last: Maione
Author-Name: Matteo Temporin
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Temporin
Title: Markers of unsustainable gambling for early detection of at-risk online gamblers
Abstract:
In this work we propose novel markers for identifying at-risk
gamblers based on the concept of sustainability. The first hypothesis here
verified is that problematic gamblers oscillate between intervals of
increasing wager size followed by rapid drops, probably because they
exceed their economic sustainability limits. Due to the non-periodic
nature of these fluctuations, the proposed marker detects a certain
occurring feature, such as a rapid drop in wager size, over a wide range
of fluctuation periods, drop sizes and shapes. The second marker, counting
the number of games the gambler is involved in, aims at predicting
possible consequences of an exceeding amount of time dedicated to
gambling, that ultimately causes social and relational breakdowns. In the
experimental phase we demonstrate how the adoption of these markers allows
for identifying larger segments of high- and medium-risk gamblers with
respect to previous research on actual betting behaviours.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 188-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.754919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.754919
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:188-204
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helga Myrseth
Author-X-Name-First: Helga
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrseth
Author-Name: Geir Scott Brunborg
Author-X-Name-First: Geir Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunborg
Author-Name: Magnus Eidem
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Eidem
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: Description and pre-post evaluation of a telephone and Internet based treatment programme for pathological gambling in Norway: a pilot study
Abstract:
Although the effectiveness of treatments for pathological
gamblers is gaining support, only 10% of pathological gamblers seek
treatment. Providing treatment via the Internet may lower the thresholds
for treatment seeking. A new telephone and Internet based treatment
programme for pathological gamblers is presented in this article, along
with a pre-post evaluation of the programme. The participants (N = 112)
were problem gamblers who were either self-referred or referred by their
general practitioner. Data from post-treatment and 3-month follow-up are
evaluated. The results suggest that using Internet and telephone-assisted
treatment interventions can significantly reduce symptoms of pathological
gambling (measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen - Revised). The
intervention was also associated with improvement on cognitive
distortions, measured by the Gamblers Belief Questionnaire, and general
psychological distress and psychopathology as measured by the Symptom
Checklist-90-Revised. Although Internet-based treatment programmes have
been suggested to have advantages compared to traditional face-to-face
therapy, research in this area is scarce. This pilot study contributes to
the growing literature in this area, and provides tentative support for
the effectiveness of Internet based treatment interventions for
pathological gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 205-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.759610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.759610
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:205-220
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinhua Gu
Author-X-Name-First: Xinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu
Author-Name: Guoqiang Li
Author-X-Name-First: Guoqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Pui Sun Tam
Author-X-Name-First: Pui Sun
Author-X-Name-Last: Tam
Title: Casino tourism, social cost and tax effects
Abstract:
Local economic growth can be spurred by casino tourism, yet
this may take place at the expense of the external regions where tourists
live. We show that Pigouvian taxes should be imposed on gambling activity
to attenuate its external cost. The tax may boost social welfare in the
local and external communities even though casinos and tourists incur
certain private losses due to their tax burdens. The tax can also mitigate
gaming-biased unbalanced growth via resource reallocation, and improve the
terms of trade for local welfare enhancement through tourism as an
exporting industry. If taxes are collected from tourists but not fully
refunded, local tax policy then plays the dual roles for both social cost
reduction and public revenue generation. Our empirical study suggests the
importance of casino taxation for preventing the 'exported' social cost
from coming back to hurt the local economy, for too much such exportation
may trigger visa policy restrictions by tourists' home communities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 221-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.760641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2012.760641
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:221-239
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Noémie Jacoby
Author-X-Name-First: Noémie
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacoby
Author-Name: Ulrike von Lersner
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike
Author-X-Name-Last: von Lersner
Author-Name: Hella J. Schubert
Author-X-Name-First: Hella J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schubert
Author-Name: Gerit Loeffler
Author-X-Name-First: Gerit
Author-X-Name-Last: Loeffler
Author-Name: Andreas Heinz
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Heinz
Author-Name: Chantal P. Mörsen
Author-X-Name-First: Chantal P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mörsen
Title: The role of acculturative stress and cultural backgrounds in migrants with pathological gambling
Abstract:
The objective of the present study was to differentiate
specific migration-related factors that can account for an increased
vulnerability to pathological gambling (PG) among migrants in Germany. One
hundred and six gamblers (61 migrants, 45 Germans) with varying degrees of
gambling problems participated in the study. We analysed (1) differences
between migrants and Germans regarding gambling patterns, severity of
gambling problems, motivation and craving; influence of (2) acculturative
stress; (3) acceptance and popularity of gambling in the culture of origin
on gambling problems; (4) differences between migrants and Germans
regarding family gambling and peer gambling; and (5) differences in
religiosity and its influence on gambling problems. Results suggest no
differences between migrants and Germans regarding gambling patterns and
the severity of gambling problems. However, findings indicate that
migrants have higher motivation and craving to gamble. Findings further
suggest that acculturative stress is associated with more severe gambling
problems. In contrast, acceptance and popularity of gambling in the
country of origin was not a significant predictor of gambling problems. At
the same time, family gambling and peer gambling was significantly more
prevalent among migrants, constituting an additional risk factor in the
present sample. On the other hand, migrants in the sample benefit more
often from a protective influence of religiosity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 240-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.777971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.777971
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:240-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jussi Palomäki
Author-X-Name-First: Jussi
Author-X-Name-Last: Palomäki
Author-Name: Michael Laakasuo
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Laakasuo
Author-Name: Mikko Salmela
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Salmela
Title: 'This is just so unfair!': A qualitative analysis of loss-induced emotions and tilting in on-line poker
Abstract:
Poker is a game of skill and chance, where players often
experience significant monetary losses. Detrimental out-of-control poker
decision-making due to negative emotions is known as
tilting. A qualitative assessment of losing and tilting
was conducted by analysing stories about significant monetary losses,
written by Finnish on-line poker players (N = 60).
Thematic and narrative analyses uncovered five themes and a narrative
structure underlying the aetiology and phenomenology of tilting. Tilting,
in the narratives, was often instigated by dissociative feelings
('unreality', disbelief) following a significant monetary loss.
Thereafter, moral indignation was experienced, followed by chasing
behaviour, in an attempt to restore a 'fair balance' between wins and
losses. In the aftermath of tilting, self-focused feelings of
disappointment, depression and/or anxiety, and sleeping problems were
experienced. It was also observed that experienced players, as compared to
inexperienced ones, exhibited in their narratives a more mature
disposition towards encountering 'bad luck', and losing in general. The
results are relevant in better understanding psychological processes
related to losing in the multifaceted game of poker, thus contributing
also to existing knowledge on detrimental gambling behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 255-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.780631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.780631
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:255-270
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Walter R. Winfree
Author-X-Name-First: Walter R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Winfree
Author-Name: Andrew W. Meyers
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyers
Author-Name: James P. Whelan
Author-X-Name-First: James P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan
Title: Validation of a Spanish adaptation of the Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
Abstract:
The US Spanish-speaking population has rapidly increased in
recent years and there is a need for valid Spanish measures to assess
gambling behaviour. This study reports on the development of a Spanish
measure of self-efficacy to control gambling behaviour (Gambling
Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [GSEQ]; May, Whelan, Steenbergh, & Meyers,
2003). One hundred and eighty-seven Spanish-speaking individuals residing
in the south-east United States completed the 16-item measure. The
GSEQ-Spanish version (GSEQ-S) showed high internal consistency (α =
0.99) and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Factor
analytic data supported a single factor structure similar to that found
with the English version. As expected, pathological gamblers scored
significantly lower on the GSEQ-S than non-pathological gamblers. The
results provide initial psychometric support for the GSEQ-S and suggest
that the measure can be used as a valid assessment of gambling
self-efficacy among Spanish-speaking gamblers. Further evaluation of the
psychometric properties of this instrument is suggested.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 271-280
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.808683
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.808683
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:2:p:271-280
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Peter Vitartas
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Vitartas
Author-Name: Matthew Lamont
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamont
Title: Gambling sponsorship of sport: an exploratory study of links with gambling attitudes and intentions
Abstract:
Gambling sponsorship of sport is increasingly prolific, but also
contentious. Underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), this
study explores relationships between gambling sponsorship, and attitudes
and intentions relating to gambling, in the context of a major Australian
football competition heavily sponsored by gambling companies. Data were
gathered via two online surveys (N = 212). Analysis
confirmed that attitudes and social norms predicted gambling intention.
Further, attitudes to gambling and gambling intention were positively
associated with response to gambling sponsorship. Viewing televised
football matches, perceptions about sponsor-event fit and attitude to
gambling sponsorship were associated with respondents' interest in,
favourable attitude towards and propensity to use the sponsors' products.
Findings suggest that exposure to gambling promotions during televised
sport may encourage gambling intentions, and that gamblers scoring higher
on the PGSI are more likely to be exposed to these promotions, view them
favourably, be interested in the sponsor's products and be willing to use
them. As such, these promotions may trigger gambling amongst problem and
recovering problem gamblers. While further research is needed to
empirically support any case for regulatory change, this exploratory study
provides a foundation upon which future research into gambling promotion
during sport can build.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 281-301
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.812132
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.812132
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:281-301
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monique Séguin
Author-X-Name-First: Monique
Author-X-Name-Last: Séguin
Author-Name: Marie Robert
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Robert
Author-Name: Mélanie DiMambro
Author-X-Name-First: Mélanie
Author-X-Name-Last: DiMambro
Author-Name: Alain Lesage
Author-X-Name-First: Alain
Author-X-Name-Last: Lesage
Author-Name: Geraldine Reidi
Author-X-Name-First: Geraldine
Author-X-Name-Last: Reidi
Author-Name: Michel Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Author-Name: André Gagnon
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnon
Author-Name: Sébastien Larochelle
Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Larochelle
Author-Name: Serge Dutrisac
Author-X-Name-First: Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutrisac
Title: Gambling over the life course and treatment-seeking
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate change in gambling behaviours
over the life course, and, correspondingly, the treatment-seeking
behaviours of 86 people who met the criteria for at-risk (participants
endorsing two to four items on the South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS]) and
problem gamblers (participants endorsing five or more items on the SOGS)
over the last five years. Data were obtained from informants during
semi-structured interviews using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
axis I and axis II disorders (SCID I and II), SOGS and treatment-seeking
interviews. The results showed three groups of gambling behaviours over
the life course. A first group started gambling early on and continued
participating in recreational gambling until its participants were between
40 and 50 years of age, during which time they became problem gamblers. A
second group transitioned from recreational gambling to problem gambling
over a short period of time; its participants were aged between 40 and 50.
Lastly, a third group which was exposed to gambling later on in life,
mostly after retirement, developed gambling problems quickly.
Psychopathology was prevalent in all groups, given that 98% suffered from
a mental health problem during their life, and 62% within the last six
months. Participants who made use of the services available mostly turned
to medical and specialized mental services for brief periods, usually when
in crisis. In terms of problem gambling, the results argue in favour of
maintaining dedication toward treatment, especially in the presence of
co-morbidity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 302-318
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.812675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.812675
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:302-318
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Siu Lam
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Siu Lam
Title: Changes in the junket business in Macao after gaming liberalization
Abstract:
Before Macao's gaming liberalization, people from Macao and Hong Kong took
the active lead as junket operators to entice high-betting gamblers from
neighbouring places. With the People's Republic of China as the dominating
source of visitors to Macao, there have been some changes in the junket
business. The qualitative research interview was adopted due to the
under-researched nature of the junket business. This study is based on the
institutional theory to analyse human interactions and activities
structured in terms of overt or implicit rules involved in the junket
business in Macao. A review of the literature and interview findings
indicates that the active role played by local people appears to have
diminished. As junket activities like patron recruitment and gambling debt
collection are primarily conducted in Mainland China, together with the
business opportunities from gambling and junket operators' preference for
working with ethnically homogeneous groups, the previous active role
played by local people is gradually being replaced by the Mainland
Chinese. The junket business in Macao has been under the increasing
influence of the Mainland Chinese. Based upon this, Macao needs to
consider how to better regulate these junket operators.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 319-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.816760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.816760
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:319-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew B. Carver
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Carver
Author-Name: John A. McCarty
Author-X-Name-First: John A.
Author-X-Name-Last: McCarty
Title: Personality and psychographics of three types of gamblers in the United States
Abstract:
Using the results of the Experian Marketing Services' Simmons-super-®
National Consumer Study (NCS) (N0 = 24,581),
this paper studies the characteristics of three types of US. gamblers:
regular lottery players (N1 = 1100), heavy
casino gamblers (N2 = 636) and online gamblers
(N3 = 291). We explore each type of gambler
using measures of several personality and psychographic variables:
impulsiveness, desire for control, materialism, risk taking,
self-centredness, introversion, sensation seeking and financial prudence.
We find that while all three groups have elevated levels of impulsiveness
and materialism relative to non-gamblers (p > 0.01), most
noteworthy are the online gamblers, who have higher levels of risk taking,
desire for control, self-centredness and sensation seeking compared to
casino gamblers, lottery players and non-gamblers (p >
0.01). This study additionally emphasizes the importance of considering
demographics when investigating psychographics, as some of the
psychographics related to gambling are conditioned on age. In addition, we
find that online gamblers who also engage in other forms of gambling may
be distinct from those who do not, suggesting they are not a homogeneous
group.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 338-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.819933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.819933
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:338-355
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brad Hagen
Author-X-Name-First: Brad
Author-X-Name-Last: Hagen
Author-Name: Ruth Grant Kalishuk
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Grant
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalishuk
Author-Name: Cheryl Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Jason Solowoniuk
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Solowoniuk
Author-Name: Gary Nixon
Author-X-Name-First: Gary
Author-X-Name-Last: Nixon
Title: A big hole with the wind blowing through it: Aboriginal women's experiences of trauma and problem gambling
Abstract:
Although studies have shown a link between social trauma and problem
gambling (PG), there is little research involving Aboriginal women in this
area, despite Aboriginal women being potentially at higher risk for both
social trauma and problem gambling. This article describes the results of
a qualitative phenomenology study asking seven Aboriginal women living in
Western Canada to describe their experiences of social trauma and gambling
problems. Results suggest four main themes, describing: (1) the Aboriginal
women's experiences of social trauma ('the three tigers'); (2) their use
of gambling to cope with these experiences ('a big hole with the wind
blowing through it'); (3) their experience of problem gambling ('I'm
somebody today'); and (4) their process of healing from social trauma and
gambling problems ('a letter to John'). Participants described what they
felt was a clear link between social trauma and problems with gambling,
and how gambling helped to change their mood and block out the past. The
results raise the possibility that Aboriginal women with gambling problems
may need support to heal from social trauma - including racism and
colonization - and that upstream initiatives to reduce the incidence of
social traumas may be an important response to problem gambling among
Aboriginal women.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 356-370
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.819934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.819934
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:356-370
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alain d'Astous
Author-X-Name-First: Alain
Author-X-Name-Last: d'Astous
Author-Name: Marc Di Gaspero
Author-X-Name-First: Marc Di
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaspero
Title: Explaining the performance of online sports bettors
Abstract:
This article reports the results of an online survey conducted among a
sample of 161 online sports bettors in which their return-on-investment
(ROI) performance as computed on the basis of their last 20 bets was used
as the main dependent variable. A regression analysis showed that the
online gamblers' ROI performance is positively associated with their
experience in sports betting, the degree of information search and
analysis performed prior to betting, and their propensity to consider that
events that happen in their life are the results of chance forces. These
research results are discussed in the context of a general theoretical
model where gambling performance is seen as depending on four types of
determinants: the gambler's experience, personality, motivation and
cognitive abilities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 371-387
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.826709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.826709
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:371-387
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Woolley
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Author-Name: Kevin Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Angela Rintoul
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Rintoul
Title: House edge: hold percentage and the cost of EGM gambling
Abstract:
Price in commercial gambling is effectively the house edge of the game.
For electronic gaming machines (EGMs), house edge is the hold percentage.
The paper tracks changes in hold percentage for club and hotel EGM
gambling in Australia. We use real gambling turnover and revenue data to
show that hold generally falls over time, save for the State of Victoria
between 1993 and 2009. In Victoria, hold fell during the roll-out phase of
the sector, before rising steadily. We examine local level data, finding
that hold varied considerably by gaming operator across the period, before
converging. The unique owner/operator corporate duopoly that existed in
Victoria is posed as a potential explanation for aggregate price changes.
We then calculate estimates of the monetary value of changes in hold
percentage. We find increased hold can lead to substantial monetary
redistributions of gamblers' stakes toward the house and away from
gamblers. Policy options to protect gamblers from the unfairness of
undetectable price rises are discussed, including the possibility of a
more tightly regulated hold percentage, a tax on windfall profits derived
from raising hold, and tying game identities to particular hold
percentages.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 388-402
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.829515
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.829515
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:388-402
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Manning
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning
Author-Name: Hui Chin Teoh
Author-X-Name-First: Hui Chin
Author-X-Name-Last: Teoh
Author-Name: Song Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Song
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Kim Eng Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Kim Eng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Author-Name: Ting-Kai Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ting-Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Executive functioning in Asian pathological gamblers
Abstract:
Two decades of neuropsychological research on predominantly Caucasian
problem gamblers has unveiled significantly poorer performance on several
domains of executive functioning (EF) relative to healthy controls.
However, contradictory findings are widespread and evidence that
pathological gamblers (PGs) are 'impaired' remains inconclusive. The study
examined multiple facets of EF in 30 male, PGs seeking outpatient
treatment in Singapore and 30 matched controls. CANTAB® tests of
planning and organization/problem-solving, set-shifting, working memory
and reflection impulsivity, were administered alongside the Barratt
Impulsiveness Scale, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Dysexecutive
Questionnaire. No significant group differences were found on any of the
EF performance parameters, with performance falling in the healthy,
unimpaired range for both groups. PGs did, however, report significantly
greater impulsivity, everyday cognitive failures and symptoms of the
dysexecutive syndrome. Exploratory analysis on a subgroup of PGs addicted
to non-strategic gambling activities revealed poorer EF performance than
among those addicted to strategic gambling activities. The findings
suggest an absence of EF deficits despite higher trait impulsivity in
Asian, predominantly strategic PGs. Hence, psychological interventions
such as CBT and treatment approaches that emphasize the use of
self-monitoring and informed decision-making to reduce impulsive
behaviours should be suited to this population.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 403-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.829516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.829516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:403-416
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd
Author-X-Name-First: Leah S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richmond-Rakerd
Author-Name: Wendy S. Slutske
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Slutske
Author-Name: Thomas M. Piasecki
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Piasecki
Title: Birth cohort and sex differences in the age of gambling initiation in the United States: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Abstract:
Youth gambling has become a significant public health concern, and it
appears that individuals are gambling at younger ages than they did in
earlier generations. We tested this question by examining birth cohort
differences in the age of onset of gambling in a national epidemiologic
survey. Data were drawn from the United States National Comorbidity Survey
Replication, a nationally representative general population survey of
adults born 1904-84. Individuals were divided into four birth cohorts. The
cohorts were compared on their lifetime gambling involvement and age of
onset of gambling. Significant birth cohort and sex differences were found
in the age of gambling initiation, with more recently born cohorts
starting to gamble at progressively earlier ages, and men starting to
gamble at younger ages than women. The mean age of onset of gambling for
individuals born before 1942 was 32.9 years, and for those born between
1973 and 1984 it was 16.9 years. The overall mean ages of onset of
gambling were 20.8 for men and 26.4 for women, but more recently born
women appear to be 'catching up' with their male counterparts. This
decreasing age of gambling initiation may help explain the increasing
prevalence of disordered gambling in the United States.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 417-429
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.836554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.836554
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:417-429
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catalin Barboianu
Author-X-Name-First: Catalin
Author-X-Name-Last: Barboianu
Title: Mathematician's call for interdisciplinary research effort
Abstract:
The article addresses the necessity of increasing the role of mathematics
in the psychological intervention in problem gambling, including cognitive
therapies. It also calls for interdisciplinary research with the
direct contribution of mathematics. The current
contributions and limitations of the role of mathematics are analysed with
an eye toward the professional profiles of the researchers. An enhanced
collaboration between these two disciplines is suggested and predicted.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 430-433
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2013
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.837087
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.837087
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:13:y:2013:i:3:p:430-433
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Sargent
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Sargent
Author-Name: Kathryn Holmes
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Holmes
Title: The application of a concentration measure in assessing expenditure and tax yield implications of the distribution of Electronic Gaming Machines
Abstract:
Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs) are a key source of tax revenues for the
Australian states and territories permitting their operation. Due to their
accessibility, they are also a major contributor to problem gambling and
its impacts. This paper introduces the use of a concentration measure, the
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, in assessing the distribution of EGMs and the
associated expenditure and tax yields that typically trigger gambling
impacts. In its regulation of EGM gambling, the New South Wales (NSW)
State Government has relied on 'EGM density', expressed as the ratio of
resident adults to total EGMs in an area, to assess impacts. The approach
proposed in this paper provides an alternative and complementary measure
of distribution based on EGM numbers across venues within a defined area,
which may also be applied in relation to other gambling modes and
jurisdictions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.837086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.837086
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:1-14
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Rachel A. Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: The classification accuracy of four problem gambling assessment instruments in population research
Abstract:
Improved methodology was used to re-examine the weak correspondence
between problem and pathological gamblers identified in population surveys
and subsequent classification of these individuals in clinical interviews.
The SOGS-R, the CPGI, the NODS and the Problem and Pathological Gambling
Measure (PPGM), as well as questions about gambling participation and
expenditures, were administered to a total of 7272 adults. Two clinicians
then assessed each person's status, based on comprehensive written
profiles derived from these questionnaire responses. Instrument
classification was then compared to clinical classification. All four
instruments correctly classified most non-problem gamblers (i.e. had good
to excellent sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive power).
However, the PPGM was the only instrument with good classification of
problem gamblers (i.e. excellent sensitivity and positive predictive
power). The CPGI and SOGS-R had weak positive predictive power and the
NODS had only adequate sensitivity and positive predictive power.
Improvement in the classification accuracy of the CPGI occurred when a 5+
cut-off was used and when a 4+ cut-off was used with the SOGS. In general,
the classification accuracy of the NODS, SOGS and CPGI is better than
prior research suggested but overall accuracy is still modest. With
adjusted cut-offs, all three instruments are reasonably congruent with
clinical ratings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 15-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.839731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.839731
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:15-28
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barna Konkolÿ Thege
Author-X-Name-First: Barna
Author-X-Name-Last: Konkolÿ Thege
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: The 'light drugs' of gambling? Non-problematic gambling activities of pathological gamblers
Abstract:
Our aim was to investigate whether harmless gambling activities exist for
pathological gamblers. A total of 169 pathological gamblers who recently
quit were recruited by media announcements. Respondents were asked at
baseline to report any gambling activities not causing them problems, as
well as those causing problems. The gambling activities were categorized
as follows: lottery, scratch tickets, bingo, betting or card games with
friends/family, horse racing, raffle, casino games and video lottery
terminals. Only a small proportion (16%) of respondents reported not
having any non-problematic gambling activities, 45% reported one, 28% two,
10% three, and 1% four non-problematic activities. Further, involvement in
most of these activities was unrelated to both baseline and follow-up
gambling problem severity (NODS, SOGS), depression level (CES-D),
frequency of gambling and extent of gambling losses. However, some
exceptions were observed in case of involvement in casino (higher NODS and
SOGS scores and gambling-related losses) and bingo games (higher
gambling-related losses). These findings provide some support for the idea
that pathological gamblers who wish to give up harmful gambling can
continue involvement in some types of gambling and that this is a 'good
enough' goal for pathological gamblers; complete abstinence may not be
necessary.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 29-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.839732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.839732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:29-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanna Nordmyr
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Nordmyr
Author-Name: Anna K. Forsman
Author-X-Name-First: Anna K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Forsman
Author-Name: Kristian Wahlbeck
Author-X-Name-First: Kristian
Author-X-Name-Last: Wahlbeck
Author-Name: Kaj Björkqvist
Author-X-Name-First: Kaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Björkqvist
Author-Name: Karin Österman
Author-X-Name-First: Karin
Author-X-Name-Last: Österman
Title: Associations between problem gambling, socio-demographics, mental health factors and gambling type: sex differences among Finnish gamblers
Abstract:
This study examined associations between problem gambling and type of
gambling engagement (online, land-based or both), psychological distress,
alcohol-related problems and demographics among male (n =
1438) and female (n = 1546) past-year gamblers in Western
Finland. In this sample, 7.6% of men and 3.1% of women were screened as
problem gamblers. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the
associations for men and women separately. Among men, engaging in both
land-based and online gambling or engaging in online gambling only and
psychological distress increased the risk of problem gambling. Among
women, engaging in both land-based and online gambling and alcohol-related
problems were significantly associated with problem gambling. The findings
further highlight the need to consider sex differences in preventive and
treatment initiatives and policies targeting problem gambling. Online
gambling seems to have stronger links with problem gambling, which
motivates further research in the eventual harmfulness of this gambling
form.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 39-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.840328
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.840328
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:39-52
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Title: Identifying high-risk online gamblers: a comparison of data mining procedures
Abstract:
Using play data from a sample of virtual live action sports betting
gamblers, this study evaluates a set of classification and regression
algorithms to determine which techniques are more effective in identifying
probable disordered gamblers. This study identifies a clear need for
validating results using players not appearing in the original sample, as
even methods that use in-sample cross-validation can show substantial
differences in performance from one data set to another. Many methods are
found to be quite accurate in correctly identifying player types in
training data, but perform poorly when used on new samples. Artificial
neural networks appear to be the most reliable classification method
overall, but still fail to identify a large group of likely problem
gamblers. Bet intensity, variability, frequency and trajectory, as well as
age and gender are noted to be insufficient variables to classify probable
disordered gamblers with arbitrarily reasonable accuracy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 53-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.841721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.841721
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:53-63
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Louise Holdsworth
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Holdsworth
Author-Name: Margaret Tiyce
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiyce
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: Stigma and problem gambling: current knowledge and future research directions
Abstract:
Stigma has been identified as a major barrier to help-seeking, treatment
and recovery from gambling problems. However, little research has
attempted to examine in any depth the causes, characteristics and
consequences of stigma in relation to people experiencing gambling
problems. The effects of stigma on people experiencing gambling problems,
although not directly examined, are apparent through low rates of problem
disclosure and treatment-seeking. In this paper, we aim to inform research
into stigma associated with problem gambling by highlighting gaps in
existing research and by providing direction for future research. The
contribution of this paper is that for the first time stigma and problem
gambling are drawn together and reviewed using broad constructs and
literature from a range of seminal and new sources to present a synthesis
of new and important information on stigma. In regard to problem gambling,
the dimensions of stigma, except for origin, have yet to be investigated,
as well as the processes of stigma creation, the characteristics of public
and felt stigma, and coping strategies used to manage stigma. The
practical implications of this review are summarized in a framework
provided to inform future research into stigma related to problem
gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 64-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.841722
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.841722
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:64-81
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matt Barnard
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnard
Author-Name: Jane Kerr
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Kerr
Author-Name: Rachel Kinsella
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinsella
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Gerda Reith
Author-X-Name-First: Gerda
Author-X-Name-Last: Reith
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Title: Exploring the relationship between gambling, debt and financial management in Britain
Abstract:
The issue of how and why gamblers end up in debt has received
comparatively little attention in the literature. Data from the 2007 Adult
Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) revealed that although problem
gamblers were more likely than non-problem gamblers to have forms of
financial debt, just under two-thirds of problem gamblers (62%) reported
having no debt. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed to explore
the issue from the perspective of gamblers themselves through interviews
with 27 purposively sampled gamblers drawn from participants who took part
in the APMS and the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. Analysis,
using the Framework method, suggested the existence of four kinds of
gamblers categorized by their approach to gambling spending and their
approach to their general spending: 'controlled gamblers', 'uncontrolled
gamblers', 'uncontrolled spenders' and 'chaotic spenders'. Also proposed
on the basis of these data is an ecological model which aims to capture
the different levels of personal and environmental factors that influenced
people's financial decisions, including cognitive factors, control and
compulsion, normative spending, resource and financial management, and the
credit environment. The implications for practice are also discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 82-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.842606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.842606
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:82-95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vishal Chandr Jaunky
Author-X-Name-First: Vishal Chandr
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaunky
Author-Name: Bhooshan Ramchurn
Author-X-Name-First: Bhooshan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramchurn
Title: Consumer behaviour in the scratch card market: a double-hurdle approach
Abstract:
This paper investigates how various socio-demographic as well as
psychological factors are related to the purchasing frequency of Le
Millionaire scratch card in Mauritius. In order to obtain a refined
description and understanding of consumer behaviour, special attempts have
been made to control for the personality traits of an individual. The
OCEAN model of personality is thereby considered. We employ
cross-sectional micro-data acquired from a household drop-off survey with
a sample size of 1135 observations. Within a double-hurdle framework,
gender, residential location, educational level, household income, alcohol
consumption, other forms of gambling activities, and personality traits
are found to be determining factors affecting an individual's decision to
gamble in the scratch card market. Our findings help us to draw attention
to the consequences of risk-taking behaviours and how personality-specific
policies can be designed to influence gambling behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 96-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.855251
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.855251
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:96-114
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chelsea K. Quinlan
Author-X-Name-First: Chelsea K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quinlan
Author-Name: Abby L. Goldstein
Author-X-Name-First: Abby L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldstein
Author-Name: Sherry H. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Sherry H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: An investigation of the link between gambling motives and social context of gambling in young adults
Abstract:
The current study examined the relationship between gambling motives and
gambling in various social contexts using both retrospective and real-time
assessment of gambling social context. Ninety-five young adults (79 males,
16 females; aged 19-24 years) who reported gambling at least 4 times in
the past month participated. Scores on the Gambling Motives Questionnaire
(GMQ; Stewart & Zack, 2008) were used as a measure of gambling motives
(Enhancement, Social, Coping). Data on the social context of gambling
(alone, with family, with friends, with strangers) were derived
retrospectively from the Gambling Timeline Follow-Back (G-TLFB; Weinstock,
Whelan, & Meyers, 2004) as well as in real time using experience sampling
(ES) methods (Conner Christensen, Feldman Barrett, Bliss-Moreau, Lebo, &
Kaschub, 2003). For both the G-TLFB and ES data, we conducted a series of
multivariate regression analyses with the block of gambling motives
predicting gambling behaviour in each social context. Across the two
assessment methods, coping gambling motives positively predicted gambling
alone, whereas social gambling motives negatively predicted gambling alone
and positively predicted gambling with friends. These findings suggest
that individuals who gamble for particular motives are more likely to do
so in specific social contexts.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 115-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.855252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.855252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:115-131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lise Saugeres
Author-X-Name-First: Lise
Author-X-Name-Last: Saugeres
Author-Name: Anna Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Susan Moore
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore
Title: 'It wasn't a very encouraging environment': influence of early family experiences on problem and at-risk gamblers in Victoria, Australia
Abstract:
Prior research suggests that at-risk and problem gamblers are more likely
to have experienced early family dysfunction and exposure to gambling
within the family in early childhood. However, little is known about the
ways in which early childhood experiences contribute to at-risk and
problem gambling in adulthood. Drawing on life history interviews with 48
participants, this article shows that the vast majority of regular
gamblers in our study had been exposed to gambling as children in their
family of origin. It also shows that different experiences of gambling
within the early family were associated with contrasting gambling forms
and risk levels in adulthood. Several at-risk and problem gamblers
reported having had a parent or other family member with problematic
gambling behaviour, while low-risk gamblers had experienced gambling in
their early family life as purely recreational. In addition, the majority
of the problem and at-risk gamblers had experienced conflicts, lack of
encouragement and support, negativity, emotional distance and lack of
communication in their early family life. A few also reported experiencing
various forms of abuse as children. This paper shows that early exposure
to problematic gambling and early family dysfunction impacted
substantially on the participants' lives as adults and contributed to
problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 132-145
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.879729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.879729
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:132-145
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian McAllister
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: McAllister
Title: Public opinion towards gambling and gambling regulation in Australia
Abstract:
In recent years, public opinion towards gambling has become a more
important factor in shaping public policy. Using a national public opinion
survey conducted in Australia in 2011, this paper examines public opinion
towards gambling in general and towards the government regulation of
gambling in particular. Australia is an important case study because of
the internationally high prevalence of gambling among the public, combined
with a strong regulatory framework. Public opinion is measured by a
reduced form of a scale first developed in Britain. The results confirm
the generally negative views that the public holds towards gambling, which
have been found internationally. In addition, the Australian public is
open to the introduction of further restrictions on gambling. Overall, the
public views the liberalization of gambling as having moved as far as most
citizens find acceptable; to meet public expectations, future policies
need to address more adequately the negative social consequences
associated with problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 146-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.861001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2013.861001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:146-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brian M. Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Brian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Dae Hee Kwak
Author-X-Name-First: Dae Hee
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwak
Author-Name: Joon Sung Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Joon Sung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Woo-Young Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Woo-Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Competitive environments in fantasy sports gaming: effects of entry fees and rewards on opposition quality and league sorting
Abstract:
Despite its explosive growth in North America, relatively little research
has been conducted on the gambling implications of fantasy sports. The
current study examines whether financial information (i.e. entry fee and
payout) in an advertisement promoting a fantasy football service
influences perceptions about opponents' perceived skill level and expected
outcomes. This study also examines the impact of perceived opponents'
skill and perceived winning expectations on the desire to participate in
the advertised fantasy sports service. Findings indicated that entry fee
and reward information significantly increased the participants'
expectation of opponent quality, but that this expectation did not result
in decreases in the subjects' self-reported probability of winning the
league. Additionally, subjects indicated that they were most likely to
join a league in which the expected opponents' skill level was nearly
equal to their own. In the presence of an advertised monetary reward,
however, perceived winning probability also became an important factor in
participation decisions. The former result suggests that participants in
fantasy sports, especially in free-to-play leagues, are purchasing an
experiential product with a value that increases in outcome uncertainty,
while the latter implies that participants are motivated both by the
overall experience, and by financial gains when they are available.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 161-180
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.881904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.881904
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:161-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Youth and internet addiction in China
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 181-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.881530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.881530
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:1:p:181-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reza Abdollahnejad
Author-X-Name-First: Reza
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdollahnejad
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Linley Denson
Author-X-Name-First: Linley
Author-X-Name-Last: Denson
Title: Understanding the relationship between pathological gambling and gambling-related cognition scores: the role of alcohol use disorder and delusion proneness
Abstract:
There is considerable evidence for an association between pathological
gambling and scores on validated psychometric measures of erroneous
gambling-related cognitions. However, a potential problem with this
literature is that samples of pathological gamblers score higher on
indicators of co-morbidity (e.g. substance misuse) that are also
associated with poorer decision-making and reasoning abilities. We aimed
to examine the relationship between pathological gambling and
gambling-related erroneous beliefs after controlling for alcohol misuse. A
sample of 140 regular gamblers completed a detailed psychological
assessment including measures of pathological gambling (NORC DSM-IV Screen
Self-Administered), delusion proneness (the Peters et al. Delusions
Inventory), alcohol use (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)
and gambling beliefs (Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale). Pathological
gamblers scored higher than other regular gamblers on all these measures.
Although alcohol use disorder was not directly related to delusion
proneness, a combination of higher alcohol use disorder and delusion
proneness was associated with higher gambling-related cognition scores.
Our findings confirm previous evidence supporting an association between
pathological gambling and greater endorsement of erroneous
gambling-related cognitions. Alcohol misuse and delusion proneness may be
factors that strengthen this association.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.886711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.886711
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:183-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: M. Gainsbury
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: A taxonomy of gambling and casino games via social media and online technologies
Abstract:
The increased popularity of casino games on social media platforms has
prompted international jurisdictions to consider the extent to which these
games may be similar to Internet gambling activities and therefore subject
to regulatory action. Gambling themes are popular in video and computer
games, and simulated-gambling activities are commonly offered by gambling
operators as a way of enticing users to gamble online with money. However,
little research has evaluated the impact of the digital convergence of
gambling and gaming. The lack of a clear definition of online
gambling-themed activities to guide such research undertakings represents
a significant hurdle to the fields of gambling and gaming. Based on a
review of the extant literature, this article proposes a taxonomy to
distinguish between many types of online activities with gambling-themed
content. This taxonomy suggests that the principal features that
differentiate online gambling games include the requirement for payment,
the role of skill, the type of platform and the centrality of the gambling
theme. The proposed hierarchical framework aims to promote clear and
consistent discussion to guide ongoing investigation of new and emerging
Internet gambling and gaming technologies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 196-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.890634
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.890634
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:196-213
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Terri-Lynn MacKay
Author-X-Name-First: Terri-Lynn
Author-X-Name-Last: MacKay
Title: Online gambling participation and problem gambling severity: is there a causal relationship?
Abstract:
Studies of Internet gambling have consistently shown that online gamblers
are more likely to report disordered gambling behaviour than offline
gamblers. However, little research has focused on whether this is a causal
relationship or whether this risk factor is capturing a relationship with
one or more missing variables. To address whether there is a strong causal
argument for the effect of online gambling participation on problem
gambling severity, we use a secondary data method that corrects for
potential omitted variable bias. Once this issue is addressed, we find
that past-year participation in online gambling is related to a decrease
in problem gambling severity, which is the opposite of the popular view in
current literature. The estimates in this study are found to be robust to
various forms of online gambling, control variables and problem gambling
measurement instruments. The findings were also consistent when using a
representative sample from the United Kingdom and when using an online
research panel from Ontario, Canada. As a primary force against the
widespread adoption of Internet gambling has been public health concern
over problem gambling, this study provides evidence that such decisions
should be more closely considered by policymakers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 214-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.893585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.893585
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:214-227
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Author-Name: Ashley Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Alex Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Title: Aboriginal card gamblers and non-card gamblers: do they differ?
Abstract:
Many Indigenous populations engage in traditional gambling games, but
little is known about their contemporary usage or the characteristics of
people who participate. This paper presents the first quantitative study
of traditional Indigenous Australian card gambling. The aim of this
research was to compare Indigenous Australian card gamblers with non-card
gamblers in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, gambling behaviour
and motivations, gambling cognitions, gambling consequences, substance use
while gambling and problem gambling severity. A gambling survey was
conducted at Indigenous festivals, in several communities and online.
Within a sample of 1001 gamblers, 414 people had gambled on traditional
card games in the previous 12 months. Many card gamblers commenced
gambling while young, were highly involved in both cards and commercial
gambling and gambled because most of their family and friends also gamble.
An important difference revealed here is that card gamblers gamble on more
forms of commercial gambling than non-card gamblers. Gambling appears as a
deep-seated habit in some participants' lives and although the proportion
classified as problem gamblers is high in this sample the card gamblers
held more realistic cognitions about chances of winning than did the
non-card gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 228-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.896388
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.896388
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:228-250
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Sargent
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Sargent
Author-Name: Kathryn Holmes
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Holmes
Title: An empirical analysis of the use of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index in assessing the distribution of electronic gaming machines and its socio-economic implications
Abstract:
Sargent and Holmes (2014) proposed the use of the Herfindahl-Hirschman
Index in assessing the effects of the distribution of electronic gaming
machines (EGMs) on expenditure and tax outcomes for local areas. This
paper reports empirical analysis on the use of the Herfindahl Hirschman
Index (HHI) in this application. Comparative testing of HHI and
population-based measures, such as EGM density, was conducted using EGM
data from the New South Wales State Government (Australia) for the period
1995 to 2005. The analysis also compares the use of the commonly used
Australian Bureau of Statistics' (ABS) Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas
(SEIFA) Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage, with the Index of
Education and Occupation. The socio-economic elements comprising the
latter index are acknowledged as being relevant to the assessment of
gambling impacts. The results indicate that the use of a concentration
measure such as the HHI may augment the use of existing measures in policy
development and localized decision-making on distribution of gambling
facilities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 251-265
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.906639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.906639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:251-265
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyoun S. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Melissa J. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Travis Sztainert
Author-X-Name-First: Travis
Author-X-Name-Last: Sztainert
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Limit your time, gamble responsibly: setting a time limit (via pop-up message) on an electronic gaming machine reduces time on device
Abstract:
In the current study, we assessed whether undergraduate electronic gaming
machine (EGM) gamblers would be more apt to set a time limit and spend
less time gambling when asked to consider setting an explicit time limit
prior to their gambling session. To this end, participants
(N = 43) were randomly assigned to a time limit pop-up
condition or control condition, both of which involved gambling on an EGM
in a virtual reality (VR) casino. In the time limit pop-up condition,
participants were asked (via pop-up message) to consider setting a time
limit on play and entering that limit in an available text box prior to
commencing play. In the no time limit pop-up condition, participants
engaged in play immediately upon accessing the EGM in the VR casino (i.e.
they were not exposed to a time limit pop-up message). As predicted,
participants who were explicitly asked to consider setting a time limit on
their EGM play were significantly more likely to do so and spent less time
gambling than those who were not given such instructions. The results
provide preliminary support for the contention that setting a time limit
on EGM play is an effective responsible gambling strategy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 266-278
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.910244
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.910244
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:266-278
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caleb D. Lloyd
Author-X-Name-First: Caleb D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd
Author-Name: Nick Chadwick
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Chadwick
Author-Name: Ralph C. Serin
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Serin
Title: Associations between gambling, substance misuse and recidivism among Canadian offenders: a multifaceted exploration of poor impulse control traits and behaviours
Abstract:
Moderate correlations among gambling, substance use and crime suggest
these three behaviours may each be indicators of a single underlying
problem trait, such as poor impulse control. We tested whether
self-reported traits prospectively predicted future criminal recidivism,
when accounting for incarcerated adult offenders' past criminal behaviour,
substance use and gambling behaviour. We took a multi-construct approach
to measuring components of impulse control, utilizing three questionnaires
that assess sensation seeking, poor
premeditation, and reward sensitivity.
Male participants incarcerated in two federal institutions were invited to
complete self-report booklets; participation was self-selected and fully
voluntary. Results indicated moderate correlations between measures of
trait impulse control, self-reported drug use, and official criminal
history (N = 140). Gambling problems prospectively
predicted post-release criminal recidivism (n = 83), even
when accounting for past criminal behaviour, impulse control traits and
substance misuse. Although they represent a small percentage of this
sample, results suggest offenders with high gambling problems represent a
particularly at-risk group for future crime, who were more than four times
likely to reoffend compared to offenders without problem gambling. These
results suggest there may be mutual impact of problem behaviours on life
outcomes above the contribution of poor impulse control.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 279-300
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.913301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.913301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:279-300
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Vance MacLaren
Author-X-Name-First: Vance
Author-X-Name-Last: MacLaren
Author-Name: Dan Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Title: Games of chance or masters of illusion: multiline slots design may promote cognitive distortions
Abstract:
Problem gamblers often have distorted beliefs about gambling, including
illusion of control and gambler's fallacy. Most multiline slots games
allow players to adjust the number of wagered paylines and the amount bet
per line, and over time this control may support incorrect conclusions and
promote distorted gambling beliefs. We created software to run simulations
of a popular multiline slots game and examined the effects of betting on
single versus multiple paylines. Simultaneous multiline betting tends to
produce a less varied gambling experience because it increases the
frequency of legitimate wins and 'losses disguised as wins', while
decreasing the occurrence of 'big wins'. It also shortens consecutive
series of losing spins and it prolongs the time a typical player takes to
exhaust funds. Indirect control over losing streaks may give some players
the false impression that they can play skilfully and predict the
occurrence of wins. However, applying five different wagering strategies
in our simulations showed that none had any real effect on the average
percentage of wagers that would be 'paid back' to players as prizes.
Player control over multiline slots games may lead frequent gamblers to
incorrect conclusions that sustain excessive play despite recurring
losses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 301-317
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.918163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.918163
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:301-317
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone N. Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: Simone N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: Improved outcomes following contact with a gambling helpline: the impact of gender on barriers and facilitators
Abstract:
Gambling helplines were developed at a time when evidence for help-seeking
was almost entirely based on male gamblers and there is limited evidence
that helplines have changed in response to the exponential increase in
female gamblers over the past 20 years. The current study aimed to explore
the impact of gender on calls to Australian helplines, including caller
characteristics, barriers and facilitators to contact as well as call
outcomes. We surveyed 170 callers (94% problem gamblers, 61% male)
approximately 1 month following their helpline call and found gender
differences in terms of age, preferred gambling type, employment and
source of referral. Males reported barriers related to pride and problem
denial more frequently than females did, and also reported more frequent
problems associated with the welfare of others and/or their living
arrangements that facilitated their calling. Males and females were
equally likely to seek further help from formal, informal and self-help
resources. With only 10% of callers not accessing further help, these
findings highlight the importance of helplines as a key support for both
men and women with gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 318-329
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.921721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.921721
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:318-329
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danny Tu
Author-X-Name-First: Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu
Author-Name: Rebecca J. Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Darren K. Walton
Author-X-Name-First: Darren K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walton
Title: Household experience of gambling-related harm by socio-economic deprivation in New Zealand: increases in inequality between 2008 and 2012
Abstract:
Although problem gamblers make up a small proportion of the New Zealand
population, those who are living in more deprived areas at higher risk of
harm from their own or someone else's gambling. The global financial
crisis in 2008 has been linked with changes in gambling behaviour and with
increases in inequality between areas of relative deprivation. Nationally
representative datasets from in-home face-to-face health surveys in 2008,
2010 and 2012 were analysed to investigate changes in gambling behaviour,
experiences of household-level harm related to gambling, and the
association with economic deprivation. Although overall gambling
participation had dropped, the experience of gambling harm at the
household level was significantly higher in 2012 compared with 2008 and
2010. The increase in harm was experienced disproportionately by those in
more deprived areas, who were 4.5 times as likely to experience
gambling-related arguments or money problems. We consider possible
explanations including more harmful gambling behaviour as a response to
financial stresses, decreasing household resilience to financial stresses,
and the concentration of more harmful forms of gambling product in more
deprived areas. Causes of gambling harm in deprived communities, and the
vulnerability of households in these communities, should be addressed if
inequalities are to be reduced.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 330-344
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.922112
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.922112
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:330-344
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Cassidy
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassidy
Title: Fair game? Producing and publishing gambling research
Abstract:
This brief article reviews the findings of Fair Game
(2014) and discusses their implications for journals publishing
gambling research. Drawing parallels with critiques in tobacco and
alcohol, it adds to the growing number of voices arguing for reform of the
gambling field.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 345-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.971420
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.971420
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:345-353
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Editors' notes
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 354-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.971585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.971585
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:354-356
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Title: Life course analysis of gambling trajectories: an Indigenous Australian study
Abstract:
Traditional card gambling is a culturally acceptable recreational activity
for generations of Indigenous Australians. Commercial gambling activities
are popular as well. This study drew on a life course approach and a
sample of 57 Indigenous Australian people to examine their gambling
trajectories over time that resulted in recreational gambling or in
disordered gambling. To gain in-depth insight into various gambling
trajectories, this study used an interpretative phenomenological
methodology. At early childhood, teenage, young adult and mature adult
stages, major gambling influences appeared as dependence, independence,
timing of major shifts and transitions, and rationalization, respectively.
The study showed that being a recreational or disordered gambler was a
shifting or fluctuating position, subject to transitions and events in
people's lives rather than a one-way path in either direction. Within a
complex cultural environment, the dynamic interplay between social
density, context and individual choice appears to influence gambling
trajectories for these Indigenous Australians.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 357-373
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.891636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.891636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:357-373
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Peter Vitartas
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Vitartas
Author-Name: Matthew Lamont
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamont
Author-Name: Elian Fink
Author-X-Name-First: Elian
Author-X-Name-Last: Fink
Title: Adolescent exposure to gambling promotions during televised sport: an exploratory study of links with gambling intentions
Abstract:
Young people are exposed to gambling promotions while watching televised
sports; however, little research has examined how this influences gambling
attitudes and intentions. This paper developed and tested a research model
underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action and specifically aimed to
examine (1) adolescents' exposure and attitudes to, and recall and
perceptions of, gambling promotions during televised sport; (2)
associations between adolescents' exposure and attitude to these gambling
promotions, and their intention to gamble on sports and other gambling
activities once of legal gambling age. An online survey was conducted of
131 Australian adolescents. Greater intention to gamble both on sports and
non-sports was associated with higher frequency of watching televised
sports, and more positive attitudes to gambling operators, to gambling
promotions during televised sport and to promotional techniques used.
Regression analysis indicated that the strongest predictors of sports
betting intention were male gender and a more positive attitude to
gambling sponsors and their promotions during televised sport. Strongest
predictors of gambling intention were male gender, subjective norms and a
more positive attitude to promotion of gambling during televised sport.
Findings can inform advertising restrictions for gambling during general
television viewing times, and health promotion messages countering
promotion of gambling to adolescents.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 374-393
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.902489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.902489
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:374-393
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Lorraine Cherney
Author-X-Name-First: Lorraine
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherney
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: Do advertising and promotions for online gambling increase gambling consumption? An exploratory study
Abstract:
It remains unclear if gambling advertising and promotion increase demand
for, and consumption of, gambling, or only affect market share
distributions without increasing total consumption. Although this has been
investigated in relation to land-based gambling, studies have not examined
how such marketing influences behavioural patterns of Internet gamblers.
The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore ways in which advertising
and promotion of Internet gambling may contribute to increased consumption
of gambling. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 50 Internet
gamblers drawn from the general population, and 31 treatment-seeking
Internet gamblers. In-depth analysis of interview transcripts revealed
limited reported effectiveness of advertising and promotions in converting
non-gamblers to Internet gamblers. However, general population gamblers
reported occasionally gambling more than intended (increased consumption)
in response to free bet and deposit offers. A proportion of
treatment-seekers reported increased gambling, particularly associated
with bonus offers that required matched deposits and gambling before any
winnings could be collected. Advertisements and promotions invoked urges
to gamble among treatment-seeking gamblers, and appeared to some
participants to be designed to target individuals who had taken steps to
limit or cease gambling. Findings provide preliminary evidence of Internet
gambling promotional activities increasing overall consumption amongst a
subgroup of gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 394-409
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.903989
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.903989
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:394-409
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashley McInnes
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: McInnes
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Alice Holub
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Holub
Title: The Gambling Cognitions Inventory: scale development and psychometric validation with problem and pathological gamblers
Abstract:
Cognitive distortions are typically identified as an important etiological
factor in pathological gambling. The Gambling Cognitions Inventory (GCI)
developed by Holub (2003) is examined in this study using a sample of 710
pathological gamblers collected in four Canadian studies. Confirmatory
factor analysis did not support the initial 40-item scale and suggested a
33-item scale. The sample was split into two groups to conduct exploratory
and confirmatory factor analyses. Scree plots and parallel analysis
suggested a two-factor scale. The scale developed by exploratory factor
analysis on the first sample was supported by confirmatory factor analysis
on the second sample (CFI>0.95; RMSEA > 0.05). The two factors indicated a
Skill and Attitude subscale and a Luck and Chance subscale. Analysis
conducted within each of the four studies showed good internal reliability
for the scale (range of α = 0.91-0.95) and subscales (α =
0.77-0.92). The scale and subscales correlated with gambling severity
measures as well as other measures of gambling cognitions including the
Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Gambling Beliefs
Questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that the GCI is a
psychometrically strong scale and may be beneficial in directing cognitive
therapy to the most problematic cognitions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 410-431
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.923483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.923483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:410-431
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Riitta Matilainen
Author-X-Name-First: Riitta
Author-X-Name-Last: Matilainen
Author-Name: Pauliina Raento
Author-X-Name-First: Pauliina
Author-X-Name-Last: Raento
Title: Learning to gamble in changing sociocultural contexts: experiences of Finnish casual gamblers
Abstract:
This study explores how Finnish gamblers have come to learn about gambling
and how they have learned to gamble responsibly in an unregulated
environment. The study uses elicited written data of 40 narratives by
Finnish gamblers who were born between 1922 and 1982 and were on average
57 years old at the time of recalling their experiences. The study adds a
new data type to gambling studies, and complements it with historical
photographs and the authors' auto-ethnographic observations. The
qualitative findings expand knowledge about the role of gender and
generation in learning gambling and the relationship between learning
gambling, self-determination and identity-related rituals. The results
confirm previous findings about learning gambling in the UK, but challenge
them with new evidence about the role of the state, the media and national
gambling monopoly operators in teaching people how to gamble. The findings
demonstrate the value of historical retrospective data; the method of
triangulation; and contextualized understanding of learning, socialization
and meaning in the study of inherently subjective human behaviour. The
approach enhances control over subjectivity in qualitative gambling
studies. The conclusions promote a holistic approach to policy evaluation
and raise critical questions about harm management.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 432-446
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.923484
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.923484
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:432-446
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emma I. Brett
Author-X-Name-First: Emma I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brett
Author-Name: Jeremiah Weinstock
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremiah
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinstock
Author-Name: Steve Burton
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Burton
Author-Name: Kevin R. Wenzel
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenzel
Author-Name: Stefanie Weber
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber
Author-Name: Sheila Moran
Author-X-Name-First: Sheila
Author-X-Name-Last: Moran
Title: Do the DSM-5 diagnostic revisions affect the psychometric properties of the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen?
Abstract:
Several significant changes in the diagnostic criteria for gambling
disorder occurred with the newest revision of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
The changes aim to simplify and streamline the diagnosis without
compromising its validity. Yet many of the tools used to screen and
diagnose the disorder are based upon the prior fourth edition of the DSM,
and it is unclear how they perform with the revised diagnostic criteria.
The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of a
common pathological gambling screen, the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen
(BBGS; Gebauer, LaBrie, & Shaffer, 2010), in the context of
DSM-5 criteria within a help-seeking sample. Gamblers
calling a helpline (N = 2750) completed a semi-structured
interview assessing DSM-IV past-year pathological
gambling criteria with a trained clinician. Sensitivity, specificity,
positive predictive value, negative predictive value and differences by
sex were examined. The BBGS had high sensitivity as well as positive and
negative predictive values. In light of the revisions made to the
diagnostic criteria in DSM-5, the BBGS remains a
psychometrically supported instrument for gambling disorder.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 447-456
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.931449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.931449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:447-456
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Steve Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Author-Name: Fa'asisila Savila
Author-X-Name-First: Fa'asisila
Author-X-Name-Last: Savila
Author-Name: Max Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Title: Gambling behaviours and associated familial influences among 9-year old Pacific children in New Zealand
Abstract:
There is a paucity of research investigating child gambling, particularly
studies that do not use retrospective designs. The presented findings
provide cross-sectional data of the gambling behaviours of 874 9-year old
Pacific children from a birth cohort study (recruited from one hospital)
investigating health, developmental and social outcomes for Pacific
children and their families in New Zealand. Structured interviews were
administered to participants (mothers and children), face to face, in
their homes (mothers) or school (children). Child gambling behaviours and
associations with some maternal behaviours were investigated; five
gambling participation questions were included in the child interview.
Almost all child respondents (96%) reported having played card games with
family or friends and 60% reported participation in housie (bingo),
although only 27% reported having bet with money. Associations were noted
between child gambling and household deprivation, and effectiveness of
parental monitoring. There was no association between children's gambling
and mothers' gambling. This is the first research to examine gambling in
Pacific children at 9 years of age within a familial context. It will
allow exploration of links between parental gambling and child development
of gambling behaviours, as well as risk and protective factors for problem
gambling at future data collection phases of the study.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 457-471
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.937728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.937728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:457-471
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brett L. Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Title: Differences in motivational dimensions across gambling frequency, game choice and medium of play in the United Kingdom
Abstract:
Motivations to gamble in the United Kingdom were examined in relation to
gambling preferences and behaviour (gambling frequency, game choice,
medium of play). A factor analysis delineated six motivational dimensions
for gambling as a leisure activity: socialization through learning,
escape, peripheral activity, fun/challenge, socialization through
competition, and to win money. The motivational dimensions differed
significantly for various gambling frequencies and across choice of games,
though not across different media of play. More frequent gamblers chose to
gamble for escape and/or fun/challenge purposes, while less frequent
gamblers chose to gamble for socialization through learning and peripheral
activities. Certain gambling motivations significantly affected decisions
to play lottery, roulette, poker, betting and slots, but motivations were
not significantly different from each other for bingo, blackjack,
fixed-odds betting terminals and football pools. The research extends
current knowledge of motivations in the UK and recreational gamblers,
introducing a new motivational factor - activities indirectly related to
gambling - and emphasizing the relationship between gambling motivations
and behaviours. Knowledge of motivations assists casino operators in
creating effective marketing strategies and aids lawmakers in better
understanding the gambling objectives of their citizenry. These
motivational dimensions also serve as a baseline against which problematic
motivations can be compared.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 472-491
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.966131
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.966131
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:472-491
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servane Barrault
Author-X-Name-First: Servane
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrault
Author-Name: Aurélie Untas
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélie
Author-X-Name-Last: Untas
Author-Name: Isabelle Varescon
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Varescon
Title: Special features of poker
Abstract:
Poker is now one of the most popular types of online gambling, mostly
because of its particular structural characteristics. This study aims to
investigate the representations of regular poker players of the game's
special features, along with their probable links with tilt (i.e. loss of
control during the game) and problem gambling. Twenty-three regular poker
players recruited online took part in a research interview. All interviews
were recorded and fully transcribed. A quantitative lexical analysis was
performed using the software Alceste®. Six classes were identified,
encompassing 73% of the whole corpus. The main themes were chance vs.
skill, sensations and emotions linked to poker, discovery of poker, tilt,
differences between live and online gambling, and risks of excessive poker
involvement. The experience of tilt appears to be an important feature of
poker. Poker players also tended to report more emotional and social
aspects of problem gambling than financial consequences. The results
underline the structural specificities of poker through the player's
representations. The role of emotions and sensations in poker, as they are
both sought by the players and involved in the loss of control, may have
an influence on the development and maintenance of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 492-504
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.968184
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.968184
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:492-504
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Hanss
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanss
Author-Name: Rune A. Mentzoni
Author-X-Name-First: Rune A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mentzoni
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Helga Myrseth
Author-X-Name-First: Helga
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrseth
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: Attitudes toward gambling among adolescents
Abstract:
It is well documented that attitudes toward gambling are a good predictor
of problem gambling during adolescence. However, so far, little is known
about what factors are associated with adolescents' gambling attitudes.
This study used cross-sectional data (N = 2055, response
rate 70.4%) from a representative sample of 17-year-olds in Norway to
investigate the relationship between demographic, personality,
motivational and social variables and gambling attitudes. Overall,
adolescents' attitudes toward gambling were slightly negative. A
multivariate analysis revealed that more favourable attitudes toward
gambling were most strongly associated with family/peer approval of
gambling. In addition, significant associations were found for gender
(males more favourable); Sensation Seeking (positive association);
Agreeableness (negative association); and family/peer gambling history
(positive association for lifetime gambling, negative association for
problematic gambling). Although a variety of individual-level and social
factors are associated with more favourable attitudes toward gambling, it
appears that family and peer approval of gambling are most important.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 505-519
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2014
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.969754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.969754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:14:y:2014:i:3:p:505-519
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editor's note
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1021951
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1021951
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:1-2
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine Reilly
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Reilly
Author-Name: Nathan Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Nathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: A response to 'Fair Game? Producing and Publishing Gambling Research'
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 3-5
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1010559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1010559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:3-5
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Author-Name: Francis Markham
Author-X-Name-First: Francis
Author-X-Name-Last: Markham
Title: Beyond disclosure: gambling research, political economy, and incremental reform
Abstract:
Gambling research is beset with vested interests, be they those of the
state or the gambling industry. The effect of these on the quality and
focus of research has been largely ignored. Full and transparent
disclosure policies are a useful first step in identifying possible
sources of conflict. Progress in public health tends to be achieved in
small, incremental steps, as the experience in tobacco and alcohol
research makes plain. The rest of the journey will involve the achievement
of the level of independence in gambling research that has been modelled
by the alcohol and tobacco research assemblages.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 6-9
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.995201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.995201
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:6-9
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Commentary on Cassidy, 'Fair Game? Producing and Publishing Gambling Research'
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 10-11
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.997269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.997269
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:10-11
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J.A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Richard T.A Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard T.A
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Title: Is gambling industry-funded research necessarily a conflict of interest? A reply to Cassidy (2014)
Abstract:
This article addresses the issue of industry-funded research and
specifically responds to the critique that such research necessarily
involves a conflict of interests. It also offers four areas that need
attention in order to improve transparency in gambling-related research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 12-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.997270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.997270
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:12-14
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Michael Auer
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Auer
Title: Research funding in gambling studies: some further observations
Abstract:
This brief commentary paper provides some further observations on research
funding following the editorials by both Cassidy and Blaszczynski and
Gainsbury. More specifically it examines (i) whether there is any
fundamental difference between research funded by the gambling industry
and consultancy funded by the gambling industry, (ii) the benefits of
researchers working collaboratively with the gambling industry, (iii)
where to draw the line between doing something that could be perceived by
others (both inside and outside the gambling field) as the gambling
industry has an influence on what we do, (iv) the publishing of
multi-author research papers where some of the authors may have worked
directly with a gaming company while others did not, and (v) the tension
between an 'ideal world' philosophy and 'real world' pragmatism when it
comes to the funding of gambling research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 15-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1003576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1003576
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:15-19
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Ford
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Ford
Title: Letter to the Editor
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 20-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000359
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:20-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joerg Haefeli
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Haefeli
Author-Name: Suzanne Lischer
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lischer
Author-Name: Joachim Haeusler
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim
Author-X-Name-Last: Haeusler
Title: Communications-based early detection of gambling-related problems in online gambling
Abstract:
Most algorithms developed for the early identification of gambling-related
problems rely on predictors aggregated out of transactional gambling data.
However, as a notable extension, one algorithm uses predictors derived
from written correspondence with players and thereby opens up a so far
unused resource for the early detection of gambling-related problems. In
this article, a sample of 1008 emails from self-excluders and controls to
the customer services of an online gambling operator was reanalysed to
explore the possibility of using automated text analysis software to
extract quantitative markers from written player correspondence. For this
purpose a text analysis tool, using psychometrically validated English and
German dictionaries, was applied. While the classification results that
were based solely on automated text analysis were nearly on a level with
those attained by human assessment, the application of an automated
prediction model can even add incremental validity to human judgements. A
combined model, relying on human rating as well as the scales Anger, Time
and Causation, derived from automated text analysis, displayed improved
validity and classification rate. Discussed in the light of practical
application, the results indicate that automated text analysis can be
deployed as an expert system to prioritize cases and to support human
judgement.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 23-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.980297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.980297
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:23-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annie-Claude Savard
Author-X-Name-First: Annie-Claude
Author-X-Name-Last: Savard
Author-Name: Joël Tremblay
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Tremblay
Author-Name: Daniel Turcotte
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Turcotte
Title: Problem gambling among adolescents: toward a social and interactionist reading
Abstract:
There are two aspects that distinguish the approaches used to
conceptualize problem gambling in adolescence. The first aspect concerns
the type of variables involved in conceptualizing the phenomenon: most
approaches integrate variables of an individual nature in their modelling
and give little consideration to social type variables. The second aspect
concerns the distinction between determinism and interactionism: many of
the approaches seem to follow a determinist line of thinking and few
consider people as social actors in interaction with their environment.
Consequently, this article aims to conceptually prepare the ground for
later studies that will adopt a more sociological and interactionist
approach. To do so, the theoretical perspectives that are most commonly
used in conceptualizing the phenomenon will be analysed by way of the two
above aspects. A new analysis perspective will then be presented, namely
the general theory of rationality (GTR) by Raymond Boudon. The GTR
proposes a theoretical reversal to other approaches by focusing on social
actors and variables of a social nature rather than on a person's
psychology. In this sense, the theory adopts a viewpoint that has not been
greatly employed in the analysis of adolescent problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 39-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.985693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.985693
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:39-54
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grace M. Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Grace M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: John W. Welte
Author-X-Name-First: John W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Welte
Author-Name: Marie-Cecile O. Tidwell
Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Cecile O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tidwell
Author-Name: Joseph H. Hoffman
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffman
Title: Gambling and substance use: co-occurrence among adults in a recent general population study in the United States
Abstract:
This study is an up-to-date examination of gambling behaviours as well as
gambling problems and their relationships to substance use and abuse.
Further, the co-occurrence between problem gambling and substance abuse is
studied using a large-scale, representative sample of adults aged 18 years
and older in the United States. This random-digit-dial national survey was
carried out in 2011-2013 with completed interviews from 2963 respondents.
Of the four gambling and substance use behaviours considered, past-year
gambling was the most prevalent (76.9%), followed by alcohol use (67.6%),
tobacco use (28.7%) and marijuana use (11.2%). Problem gambling and the
three substance abuse measures were highly related. Current problem
gambling (3+DIS criteria) was predicted by being male, being black, having
low socio economic status and by alcohol abuse/dependence, tobacco
dependence and marijuana abuse/dependence. Thus, problem gambling is
linked to other problem behaviours, especially substance abuse.
Consequently, effective treatment approaches should screen and intervene
for both problem gambling as well as co-occurring substance abuse.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 55-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.990396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.990396
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:55-71
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Poutasi W. B. Urale
Author-X-Name-First: Poutasi W. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Urale
Author-Name: Maria Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Jason Landon
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Landon
Author-Name: Max Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Title: God, family and money: Pacific people and gambling in New Zealand
Abstract:
Pacific people living in New Zealand are less likely to participate in
gambling activities than the general population but those who do gamble
are at greater risk of being problem gamblers. This difference remains
when socio-economic variables are controlled for. To date, little research
has investigated the reasons underlying these differences. The present
exploratory study investigated Pacific people's thoughts about gambling
through a series of focus groups involving 97 participants, including
Pacific gamblers, non-gamblers, gambling venue workers, gambling treatment
providers and church leaders. The results suggest that some Pacific people
draw a distinction between 'community' and 'commercial' types of gambling,
that gambling is understood by some to be an easy way in which to make
money, and also that familial and church obligations can motivate gambling
behaviour. These findings inform possible unique features of gambling in
Pacific cultures in New Zealand and internationally. Moreover, together
with the research approach the results inform further research on Pacific
peoples' relationship with gambling, as well as those of other cultural
groups.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 72-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.998252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.998252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:72-87
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabeth Papineau
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Papineau
Author-Name: Fanny Lemétayer
Author-X-Name-First: Fanny
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemétayer
Author-Name: Amadou Diogo Barry
Author-X-Name-First: Amadou Diogo
Author-X-Name-Last: Barry
Author-Name: Jean-François Biron
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François
Author-X-Name-Last: Biron
Title: Lottery marketing in Québec and social deprivation: excessive exposure, insufficient protection?
Abstract:
In 2008, the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ)
undertook a research programme on lotteries. The preliminary qualitative
exploratory component enabled us to observe the diversity and ubiquity of
lottery advertising to which the vast majority of the population is
exposed, including minors and non-players. The aim of a second component
was to better comprehend the relationships between exposure to lottery
marketing, lottery purchasing habits, attitudes towards gambling, and
socio-economic vulnerability indicators. The study's data was collected by
a polling firm from a representative sample of adults in the Québec
population (n = 2001). Our survey revealed
significant links between exposure, gambling behaviour and certain
socio-economic indicators: for example, individuals with lower levels of
education more often play the lotteries and spend the most on them. In
addition, a greater number of people who are less educated and from a
low-income household considered that lottery advertising was very or
excessively present in their daily lives and that the amount of
advertising has increased in recent years. From the perspective of
creating healthy environments and protecting vulnerable populations,
legislative measures to control the quantity, location and contents of
gambling marketing would be promising preventive measures.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 88-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000355
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:88-107
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Murat Yücel
Author-X-Name-First: Murat
Author-X-Name-Last: Yücel
Author-Name: Sarah Whittle
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Whittle
Author-Name: George J. Youssef
Author-X-Name-First: George J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Youssef
Author-Name: Himani Kashyap
Author-X-Name-First: Himani
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashyap
Author-Name: Julian G. Simmons
Author-X-Name-First: Julian G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Simmons
Author-Name: Orli Schwartz
Author-X-Name-First: Orli
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartz
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Author-Name: Nicholas B. Allen
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen
Title: The influence of sex, temperament, risk-taking and mental health on the emergence of gambling: a longitudinal study of young people
Abstract:
There are a host of complex and interlinked psychological, social and
biological factors involved in the development of problem gambling (PG).
While existing research, which is predominantly cross-sectional, shows
that emerging adulthood is a critical period for PG, the early risk
factors for PG are currently unknown. Here, we recruited a sample of 156
early adolescents with no history of PG (mean age 12.6 years) and
longitudinally followed them up into late adolescence (mean age 18.9
years) to investigate the role of sex, risk-taking behaviour and changes
in temperament and psychiatric symptoms in the evolution of risky gambling
behaviour. There were sex-independent effects of temperament and
risk-taking behaviour, with greater developmental increases in
temperamental frustration (i.e. negative affectivity), greater
developmental decreases in temperamental attention (i.e. effortful
control) and greater involvement in risky behaviours, such as alcohol use,
predicting greater likelihood of being in the risky gambling group. In
addition, there were sex-dependent effects whereby higher levels of
baseline aggression in females and lower levels of the same in males were
more predictive of risky gambling. These findings highlight how
sex-dependent and independent factors across the early- to mid-adolescent
period influence the occurrence of gambling later in life.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 108-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000356
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000356
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:108-123
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melissa J. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Sherry H. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Sherry H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Sunghwan Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Sunghwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: Michael Ellery
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ellery
Title: Predicting gambling behaviour and problems from implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers
Abstract:
Outcome expectancies are the positive or negative effects that individuals
anticipate may occur from engaging in a given behaviour. Although explicit
outcome expectancies have been found to play an important role in
gambling, research has yet to assess the role of implicit outcome
expectancies in gambling. In two studies, we investigated whether implicit
and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies were independent
predictors of gambling behaviour (i.e. amount of time spent and money
risked gambling; Study 1) and problem gambling severity (Study 2). In both
studies, implicit positive gambling outcome expectancies were assessed by
having regular gamblers (N = 58 in Study 1;
N = 96 in Study 2) complete a gambling outcome
expectancy reaction time (RT) task. A self-report measure of positive
gambling outcome expectancies was used to assess participants' explicit
positive gambling outcome expectancies. Both the RT task and self-report
measure of positive gambling outcome expectancies significantly
contributed unique as well as shared variance in the prediction of
self-reported gambling behaviour (Study 1) and problem gambling severity
(Study 2). Findings from the current research point to the importance of
using both direct and indirect assessment modes when examining the role of
outcome expectancies in gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 124-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000357
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000357
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:124-140
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: David Aro
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Aro
Author-Name: Dianne Ball
Author-X-Name-First: Dianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Ball
Author-Name: Christian Tobar
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Tobar
Author-Name: Alex Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Title: Determining optimal placement for pop-up messages: evaluation of a live trial of dynamic warning messages for electronic gaming machines
Abstract:
Dynamic warning messages are a harm minimization strategy aimed at
preventing or reducing gambling-related problems by assisting individuals
to make informed choices about their gambling. Laboratory studies have
demonstrated the efficacy of dynamic warnings in facilitating responsible
gambling. This article presents the results of a trial of the related
effectiveness of dynamic warnings appearing either in the middle or on the
periphery of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) screens in commercial
gambling venues. Regular gamblers (n = 667)
were surveyed to assess their recall of warning messages and the perceived
impact of message placement on thoughts and behaviours. Messages appearing
in the middle of screens were recalled to a greater extent, and
respondents reported that these were more impactful and useful than
messages on the periphery of screens. As one of the first trials of
dynamic warning messages in operating EGM venues, the results provide
important verification and validation of previous laboratory research.
Results demonstrate that dynamic warning messages appearing in the middle
of an EGM screen during play are likely to be a more effective harm
minimization intervention than messages on the periphery of EGM screens.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 141-158
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000358
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:141-158
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jia Yuan
Author-X-Name-First: Jia
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan
Author-Name: Jason Z. Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Jason Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Title: What drives lottery demand? Evidence from China's lottery practice
Abstract:
As governments draw increasing revenues from the lottery industry, it has
become academically important, as well as for policy purposes, to better
understand the factors that can explain lottery purchase decisions. The
traditional literature uses either the expected return of each lottery
ticket (effective price approach) or the jackpot size (jackpot approach)
to explain the variation in lottery demand. In this article, we examine
these two factors by exploiting a unique lottery game set-up in lottery
practice in China. This lottery game is similar to lotteries in other
countries except that there is a cap policy on the grand prize, which
limits the reward of each jackpot winner. We show that this complex cap
policy actually causes both the lottery effective price and the jackpot
size to remain almost fixed for the majority of the time while lottery
demand significantly fluctuates. The lack of variation suggests that, in
China's practice, neither the effective price nor the jackpot size can
explain the observed variation in lottery sales. Instead, we find that the
size of the lottery rollover fits well in explaining the variation in
lottery demand.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 159-178
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1003316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1003316
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:1:p:159-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard T.A. Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard T.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Michael J.A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: Assessing the effectiveness of a responsible gambling behavioural feedback tool for reducing the gambling expenditure of at-risk players
Abstract:
The current study assessed the utility of a responsible gambling (RG) tool
that provides players with behavioural feedback about their gambling. Data
was obtained from 779 people (n = 694 male;
n = 85 female) who gambled online with Svenska
Spel (the Swedish gambling operator) and who opted to receive
behavioural feedback via an RG tool (Playscan).
Importantly, data was also obtained from a matched sample of 779 players
who did not opt to receive behavioural feedback. Feedback took the form of
a colour-coded risk rating (Green = no issues, Yellow = at-risk, Red =
problematic), which was determined by a proprietary algorithm.
Additionally, gambling expenditure data (amounts deposited and wagered)
was gathered for the week in which players enrolled to use the RG tool,
the subsequent week and 24 weeks later (this data was also gathered for
the matched sample). Results showed that Yellow (i.e. at-risk) players who
used the tool significantly reduced the amounts of money deposited and
wagered compared to players who did not use the tool - an effect observed
the week following enrolment as well as 24 weeks later. Thus, informing
at-risk players who have opted to receive feedback about their gambling
appears to have a positive impact on subsequent expenditures.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1049191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1049191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terri-Lynn Mackay
Author-X-Name-First: Terri-Lynn
Author-X-Name-Last: Mackay
Author-Name: Lisa Petermann
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Petermann
Author-Name: Christie Hurrell
Author-X-Name-First: Christie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hurrell
Author-Name: David Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Knowledge translation in gambling research: a scoping review
Abstract:
Knowledge translation (KT) is the process of moving knowledge to
applicable use. In any field, the role of KT is to expedite the
translation of knowledge into action. Research in the gambling field has
amassed such that KT is an important consideration in ensuring knowledge
is translated efficiently and accurately. In response to this need, the
current study provides an overview of the current state of KT in the
gambling literature and offers recommendations for future direction.
Knowledge to action in the gambling literature is primarily occurring in
the following areas: consensus building between stakeholder groups (e.g.
establishing best practices); translation of information from related
disciplines (e.g. the addiction field); collaboration or co-design with
end users (e.g. disordered gamblers); and the development of tools and
tactics to assist gamblers. Recommendations are provided for advancing KT
in the gambling field, and for the application of effective KT strategies
from the area of mental health. The intention of this review is to provide
researchers with specific recommendations that will enhance the relevance
of their work. It is hoped that this review will serve to further advance
the integration of KT in the gambling literature, and effectively move
research to policy and practice.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 179-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1003575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2014.1003575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:179-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belle Gavriel-Fried
Author-X-Name-First: Belle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavriel-Fried
Title: Attitudes of Jewish Israeli adults towards gambling
Abstract:
This study examines the Jewish Israeli public's attitudes towards
gambling, how they vary between various socio-demographic subgroups, and
the association between gambling attitudes and gambling behaviour. In
April 2014, 1000 Jewish Israeli adults (49.6% of them women) aged 18-67
(M = 40.28, SD = 14.07), responded to an
online questionnaire that included the ATGS-8 (Attitudes Towards Gambling
Scale), PGSI (Problem Gambling Severity Index) and gambling behaviour
scales. The findings suggest that the Jewish Israeli public tends to have
a negative attitude towards gambling - albeit less so among men and the
secular population than among women and observant (Traditional, Religious
or Orthodox) individuals, respectively. No significant differences were
found between respondents with respect to age or levels of education. A
positive association was found between attitudes and gambling behaviour,
and differences were found between gambling severity categories, with
low-risk gamblers exhibiting a more positive attitude towards gambling
than non-problem gamblers. The findings of this study provide a snapshot
of the attitudes of the Jewish Israeli public towards gambling, and may
potentially provide a benchmark for further studies in Israel and
elsewhere.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 196-211
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1012178
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1012178
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:196-211
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Sharman
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharman
Author-Name: Michael RF Aitken
Author-X-Name-First: Michael RF
Author-X-Name-Last: Aitken
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Dual effects of 'losses disguised as wins' and near-misses in a slot machine game
Abstract:
Individually, both near-misses and losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have
been seen to exert pro-motivational effects on gambling. However, it is
not clear whether both structural characteristics are effective within the
same game. Participants (n = 40) played a slot machine simulation. The
simulation delivered near-misses, wins and 'full-misses'. Half the
participants also received LDWs that occurred independently of the
outcomes on the payline. Valence and motivation ratings were collected
after each round. Results showed that the LDW group reported increased
valence ratings compared to the no-LDW group. Within the LDW group, trials
with LDWs also resulted in increased enjoyment compared to trials without
LDWs. We distinguished near-misses falling either side of the payline.
Near-misses before the payline (NMB) were rated as more motivational than
near-misses after the payline (NMA), whereas NMAs were rated as more
aversive than NMBs. These differences between the two near-miss types were
exacerbated by LDWs. Results demonstrate LDWs increase the trial-by-trial
enjoyment of non-win outcomes. The motivational and hedonic effects of
near-misses differed for events either side of the payline, and these
differences were exaggerated by the presence of LDWs. Thus, near-misses
can retain their effectiveness in complex forms of gambling that also
deliver LDWs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 212-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1020959
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1020959
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:212-223
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mélina Andronicos
Author-X-Name-First: Mélina
Author-X-Name-Last: Andronicos
Author-Name: Guy Beauchamp
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Beauchamp
Author-Name: Mélanie DiMambro
Author-X-Name-First: Mélanie
Author-X-Name-Last: DiMambro
Author-Name: Marie Robert
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Robert
Author-Name: Jacques Besson
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Besson
Author-Name: Monique Séguin
Author-X-Name-First: Monique
Author-X-Name-Last: Séguin
Title: Do male and female gamblers have the same burden of adversity over their life course?
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to investigate gender difference and the
burden of adversity during the life course of people who develop gambling
problems. A sample of 86 adult participants met the criteria for at-risk
problem gambling over the last 5 years. Data were obtained from informants
during semi-structured face-to-face interviews, using SCID I and II, SOGS,
Module K and a recount of life trajectories methodology. The results
showed a high level of adversity throughout the life trajectories of the
men and women studied. The results indicated that the major load of mental
health disorders, the presence of anxiety disorders and co-morbid mental
health disorders are more significant among women. Results also indicated
a significant presence of violence in the lives of both men and women
during early childhood and adolescence. During adulthood, women are more
likely to be victims of intimate partner or marital violence whereas men
tended to cumulate difficulties in social fields and especially in their
professional lives. This significant burden of adversity creates a number
of difficulties which makes it complicated to isolate gambling activities.
Clinicians might have difficulty detecting female gamblers during
consultation, especially when they present with co-morbid mental health
disorders and violence issues.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 224-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1024706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1024706
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:224-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blake Blain
Author-X-Name-First: Blake
Author-X-Name-Last: Blain
Author-Name: Peter Richard Gill
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard Gill
Author-Name: Robert Teese
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Teese
Title: Predicting Problem Gambling in Australian Adults Using a Multifaceted Model of Impulsivity
Abstract:
Impulsivity is a factor that has been linked strongly to problem gambling;
however, conceptualization problems have impeded research in this area.
Research suggests that there may be as many as five impulsivity subtypes
and that some but not all of these subtypes are involved in problem
gambling. This cross-sectional and correlational study used the
multifaceted UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale as a predictor of problem
gambling in a community (N = 200) sample of Australian
adult gamblers. Of the five impulsivity subtypes, negative urgency,
positive urgency and sensation seeking were found to be positively related
to problem gambling, while lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance
were unrelated. Multiple regression analyses revealed that positive
urgency and negative urgency were the only significant predictors of
problem gambling, suggesting that individuals who have the tendency to act
rashly when in a positive or negative mood are more likely to display
problem gambling behaviour. The results provide further evidence of the
significant role of strong emotions in problem gambling. Further, it
appears that problem gambling can be motivated both by the impulsive
desire to avoid negative mood states and by the impulsive desire to
maintain and enhance positive mood states.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 239-255
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1029960
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1029960
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:239-255
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Brett L.L. Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett L.L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Toni Repetti
Author-X-Name-First: Toni
Author-X-Name-Last: Repetti
Title: Consumer spending in the gaming industry: evidence of complementary demand in casino and online venues
Abstract:
Brick and mortar gambling stakeholders have scrutinized Internet gambling
sites over concern that online operators may serve as substitutes for
their products. In some cases, this has led to regulatory protection to
prevent or restrict entry by online providers. However, many industry
observers have remarked that the two gambling modalities may serve
different consumers/consumer needs, or even serve as complementary goods.
Policymakers, who look to gambling as an important source of tax revenue,
must determine how expansion of Internet gambling will affect overall
economic welfare. Using self-reported consumer gambling behaviour data
from the United Kingdom, the net effect of Internet-based gambling
activity on land-based demand is estimated in this study. A robust
complementary (positive) relationship between online and offline gambling
is found, using ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, and
two-part modeling techniques. These particular findings suggest that
economic concerns around the cannibalization of traditional gambling
industries should be reconsidered, and provide support for prior research
showing that Internet based firms can be complementary to brick and mortar
businesses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 256-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1042002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1042002
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:256-272
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tiffany J. Lavis
Author-X-Name-First: Tiffany J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lavis
Author-Name: Peter W. Harvey
Author-X-Name-First: Peter W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Harvey
Author-Name: Malcolm W. Battersby
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Battersby
Author-Name: David P. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: David P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Problem gambling, familial violence and alcohol misuse: exploring the triad for treatment-seekers
Abstract:
Research into the co-occurrence of problem gambling, familial violence,
and alcohol misuse is limited. While these issues have been considered in
combination (i.e. violence and alcohol misuse, problem gambling and
alcohol misuse, problem gambling and violence), within Australia, in
particular, there has been an absence of exploration of this triad. The
current research attempts to fill the gap in the literature, to establish
whether there is any difference between problem gamblers with co-occurring
violence and problem gamblers who had not experienced violence in terms of
their alcohol misuse and gambling behaviours. Interviews were conducted
with 81 treatment-seeking problem gamblers to explore how a history of
victimization only, perpetration only, victimization and perpetration, or
no history of family violence impacted on gambling behaviours (including
baseline Victorian Gambling Screen), as well as alcohol misuse. Results
indicated that in this treatment-seeking sample there were no significant
differences for gambling behaviours or alcohol misuse between problem
gamblers with issues of violence and those without. Males demonstrated (on
average) a greater tendency toward hazardous drinking or disordered
alcohol use. It would be prudent for treatment services to routinely
examine problem gamblers' history of violence and alcohol misuse until
research verifies the nature of this triad.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 273-284
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1042492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1042492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:273-284
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Bussu
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Bussu
Author-Name: Claudio Detotto
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: Detotto
Title: The bidirectional relationship between gambling and addictive substances
Abstract:
This study aims to analyse the co-occurrence of gambling activity and the
consumption of addictive substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and drugs.
By using a sample of 709 gamblers in Sardinia (Italy), a multivariate
probit approach is proposed since it allows simultaneous study of the
extent of correlation between the consumption of different substances.Our
findings document that, on the one hand, betting more money leads to an
increase in the propensity to consume tobacco in the middle of the game,
and, on the other hand, the simultaneous co-occurrence of smoking, alcohol
and drugs drives up the probability of getting more involved in gambling
activity. Knowing the positive reinforcing effects of addictive substances
is the first step towards implementing the most effective prevention and
treatment modalities for problem/pathological gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 285-308
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1042493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1042493
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:285-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: Darcy R. Dupuis
Author-X-Name-First: Darcy R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dupuis
Author-Name: Hyoun S. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: Economic mobility moderates the effect of relative deprivation on financial gambling motives and disordered gambling
Abstract:
This study examined whether a positive association between personal
relative deprivation and disordered gambling severity is mediated by the
motivation to gamble for financial gain. We hypothesized that this would
occur specifically among people who perceived a low personal capacity for
upward economic mobility via conventional means of advancement. A sample
of community gamblers (N = 196) completed measures of
personal relative deprivation, perceptions about upward economic mobility,
gambling motivations (financial, coping, enhancement and social) and
disordered gambling severity. The predicted moderated mediation model was
observed - among people who perceived a low capacity for upward economic
mobility, relative deprivation predicted disordered gambling severity via
the motivation to gamble for financial gain. This indirect effect did not
hold among people who perceived a high capacity for upward mobility. These
findings suggest the importance of addressing beliefs about upward
economic mobility in gambling prevention and intervention strategies.
Among gamblers who feel relatively deprived, it may be advantageous to
highlight feasible avenues for upward economic mobility that do not
involve gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 309-323
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1046468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1046468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:309-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Online gambling and crime: causes, controls and controversies
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 340-341
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1005018
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1005018
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:2:p:340-341
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerhard Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Author-Name: Marc von Meduna
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: von Meduna
Author-Name: Tim Brosowski
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Brosowski
Author-Name: Tobias Hayer
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayer
Title: Compliance check of gambler and youth protection in German amusement arcades: a pilot study
Abstract:
German gambling operators are required to identify problem gamblers at an
early stage and exclude them from gambling on their premises. The main aim
of this pilot study was to investigate the compliance of staff in Bremen's
amusement arcades. While visiting 29 of 111 amusement arcades, covert
gamblers simulated signs of problematic gambling behaviour, arranged
self-exclusions, monitored observance of the exclusion list and made
fieldnotes about the staff's reactions. The application of age checks was
also tested. The findings showed that only in six cases (5%) did the staff
adequately respond to evident signs of problematic gambling behaviour.
Although 18 of 29 cases (62%) eventually resulted in self-exclusions or
ban-like agreements, in some instances it was necessary to overcome major
obstacles that emanated from the staff's behaviour. During 15 subsequent
follow-up visits, 13 banned mystery gamblers (87%) had no problems
gambling on amusement-with-prizes (AWP) machines. Finally, just 26% of the
20- to 25-year-old mystery gamblers had their ID checked. The results
indicate the necessity of regular external evaluations regarding the
implementation of gambling harm-minimization measures in order to identify
any shortcomings. In addition, the level of staff compliance may be
increased by amending current legislation (e.g. by introducing a
nationwide self-exclusion programme).
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 343-360
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1053822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1053822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:343-360
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena C. Quilty
Author-X-Name-First: Lena C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quilty
Author-Name: Janine Robinson
Author-X-Name-First: Janine
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson
Author-Name: Alexander Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Responsible gambling training in Ontario casinos: employee attitudes and experience
Abstract:
Identifying and responding to gamblers displaying behaviours indicative of
risk for problem gambling within venues is critical to the effective
development of venue-based early intervention strategies. Industry
employees can offer invaluable expertise to the development and
implementation of timely in-vivo intervention strategies. The objective of
the current study was to evaluate casino employee perspectives from those
with and without a managerial role in recognizing and responding to signs
of gambling difficulties. A total of 130 casino employees (53 males, 77
females) completed an online survey eliciting their perspectives and
experiences of responsible gambling. Most participants received training
in the identification of, and response to, signs of gambling-relateder
distress in players. The majority reported regularly observing players
believed likely to have a gambling problem. A range of observed signs were
described as useful but effective staff responses to such signs were
viewed as a challenge. Job satisfaction was inversely related to perceived
challenges in responding to signs. The current investigation suggests that
casino employee endorse the feasibility of detecting and responding to
signs of problem gambling in players. Employees highlighted the need for
further training in how to sensitively respond to such signs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 361-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1056206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1056206
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:361-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Title: Social media marketing and gambling: An interview study of gambling operators in Australia
Abstract:
Social media has become an established tool to engage and maintain
customer loyalty. However, its successful use involves a balance between
promotion, public relations and corporate social responsibility. Nineteen
individuals working in the Australian gambling industry were interviewed.
The aim was to explore how gambling operators are using social media to
engage with users and promote products, their considerations underpinning
these actions, and the extent to which responsible gambling practices are
included. All operators were active on social media and used these
platforms to attempt to increase customer engagement and strengthen
existing relationships. Gambling-related content was usually balanced
against non-gambling content, or operators focused exclusively on
non-gambling content. Sales goals or raising revenue were not direct aims
of social media use. Operators sought to use social media as an indirect
way to maintain their customer base and attract new customers via
favourable ratings and information transfer. Few operators provided
specific responsible gambling messages, despite being mindful of the
dangers of targeting vulnerable populations, specifically young people and
problem gamblers. This study is unique as it provides an in-depth
first-hand account of how gambling operators are using social media.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 377-393
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1058409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1058409
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:377-393
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben J. Riley
Author-X-Name-First: Ben J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Riley
Title: The role of homework in exposure-based CBT outcome for problem gambling
Abstract:
Assigning homework is a key component of cognitive behavioural therapy
(CBT) and engagement of homework has been shown to predict CBT outcomes
for a range of disorders. However, no previous study has empirically
examined directly the effect of homework engagement on CBT outcome for
problem gambling (PG). To address this gap in the literature this study
examined the role of homework along with two non-specific variables
(treatment credibility and expectancy), and their prediction of short-term
outcome in the context of exposure-based CBT for a group of
treatment-seeking problem gamblers. Seventy-four treatment-seekers were
invited to participate in a graded cue exposure with response prevention
programme developed for problem gambling. The primary outcome measure was
the Victorian Gambling Screen Harm to Self sub-scale. Homework engagement
data were examined for participants who engaged in the programme and
provided outcome data (n = 45). Homework engagement but
not treatment credibility or expectancy predicted outcome at
post-treatment and at one-month follow-up. The present findings suggest
that engaging in homework has a strong association with immediate and
short-term outcome, and that improvement of homework engagement has the
potential to improve clinical outcomes in CBT targeting PG.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 394-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1062532
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1062532
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:394-407
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gaëtan Devos
Author-X-Name-First: Gaëtan
Author-X-Name-Last: Devos
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Pierre Maurage
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Maurage
Author-Name: Marlena Kazimierczuk
Author-X-Name-First: Marlena
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazimierczuk
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: Reduced inhibitory control predicts persistence in laboratory slot machine gambling
Abstract:
Impairments in inhibitory control characterize a range of addictive
behaviours including gambling disorder. This study investigated the
relationship between a neuropsychological measure of inhibitory control
and behaviour on a simulated slot machine that included a measure of
gambling persistence, in a non-clinical sample of regular gamblers.
Regular gamblers (n = 75) performed a laboratory slot
machine task for 30 trials where they could win real money, followed by a
persistence phase under extinction (i.e. without wins). Participants also
completed a stop-signal task, along with measures of gambling-related
cognitions, social desirability, and symptoms of disordered gambling. In
hierarchical regression models, reduced inhibitory control was found to
predict greater persistence and a higher subjective desire to play again
after both wins and near-misses (i.e. unsuccessful outcomes close to the
jackpot). These data illustrate the impact of low inhibitory control on
relevant behavioural tendencies in a group of regular gamblers. Our
results help elucidate a cognitive process that may contribute to problem
gambling, with implications for screening and treatment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 408-421
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1068351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1068351
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:408-421
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Miers
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Miers
Title: Regulation and the management of risk in commercial gambling in Great Britain
Abstract:
The regulation of commercial gambling in Great Britain is the
responsibility of the Gambling Commission, the regulatory agency created
by the Gambling Act 2005. This article examines the risk model that it has
developed in order to assess operator risks to the Act's licensing
objectives. These are to prevent gambling from becoming a source of crime,
to ensure that gambling is fair and open, and to protect children and
other vulnerable people from being harmed or exploited by gambling. The
article discusses four factors that affect the implementation of this
model: operator compliance, the regulatory environment, the regulatory
toolkit and the Commission's approach to its regulatory responsibilities.
Its regulatory ideology sits squarely within the neo-liberal mode of
regulation that has been pursued in Great Britain since the 1980s. By
reference to political and public disquiet concerning gaming machines, the
article analyses the tensions between the state, the regulator, the
gambling industry and its consumers to which this mode of regulation gives
rise. The article examines the challenges that the Commission faces in
seeking to adopt a regulatory stance that is defensible both in terms of
the protection of the public and the demands of a liberal market economy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 422-434
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1068352
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1068352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:422-434
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Choong-Ki Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Choong-Ki
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Ki-Joon Back
Author-X-Name-First: Ki-Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Back
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Sung-Sik Ahn
Author-X-Name-First: Sung-Sik
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahn
Title: Comparison of telephone RDD and online panel survey modes on CPGI scores and co-morbidities
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of two survey modes
- telephone random digit dialling (RDD) and stratified sampling of an
online panel - on Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) scores and
co-morbidities. An identical gambling survey was administered to 4000
South Koreans selected via random dialling of cell phone numbers and to
4330 South Korean members of an online panel. The online panelists were
found to have significantly higher levels of tobacco use, drug or alcohol
problems and mental health problems, higher employment status and lower
happiness levels. However, even when controlling for these variables, CPGI
scores for the online panel were significantly higher than those for the
telephone interview. This appears to be due to higher levels of pathology
among online panelists combined with potentially more valid self-reports
due to enhanced anonymity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 435-449
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1068353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1068353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:435-449
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristy R. Kowatch
Author-X-Name-First: Kristy R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowatch
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Predictors of help-seeking for gambling disorder from the transtheoretical model perspective
Abstract:
Few gamblers seek treatment despite the severe negative impacts prolonged
gambling can have. Research surrounding the predictors of help-seeking for
problem gambling is often retrospective in design and inconsistent in
findings. This study prospectively investigated whether transtheoretical
model (TTM) constructs (readiness to change, ratings of temptations and
self-efficacy, decisional balance and processes of change) have utility in
predicting help-seeking among disordered gamblers. Community-recruited
disordered gamblers (N = 136; 47.06% female; mean age = 44.5 years, SD =
12.8; 80.1% Caucasian) completed three assessments of TTM constructs,
help-seeking behaviour, gambling problem severity, and other potential
predictors of help-seeking. Informal help-seeking was common (6-month =
71.1%; 12-month = 79.6%); however, formal help-seeking was relatively
infrequent (6-month = 22.7%; 12-month = 35.1%). Logistic regression
demonstrated that gambling problem severity and the social liberation
process of change (i.e. endorsing public awareness of gambling problems or
non-gambling role models) consistently predicted formal help-seeking.
Helping relationships and counter-conditioning (i.e. engaging in other
activities as a replacement for gambling) processes of change uniquely
predicted informal help-seeking at 12 months. Individuals most likely to
seek formal help have greater problem severity and greater readiness to
address problems. Seeking informal help is less predictable but more
common.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 450-469
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1078391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1078391
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:450-469
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenny D. Horch
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horch
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Self-stigma coping and treatment-seeking in problem gambling
Abstract:
Stigma has been explored as a cause of reduced and delayed
treatment-seeking for problem gambling, a population in which only 1 in 10
seek treatment. The present study examined the effect of perceived public
stigma and self-stigma on affect and behavioural coping efforts. Path
analysis was used to examine self-stigma in 155 individuals with gambling
problems. The majority of participants met criteria for a gambling
disorder (93.5%), were current gamblers (69%) and had never sought
treatment (54.2%). The data fit the proposed path model well; self-stigma
was associated with reduced self-esteem and increased shame. Shame
predicted use of secrecy and withdrawal coping. Endorsement of negative
stereotypes of 'problem gamblers' was associated with decreased
treatment-seeking while greater self-stigma predicted increased
treatment-seeking. Additional predictors of increased treatment-seeking
included greater gambling problem severity, more positive attitudes
towards treatment, male sex and higher income. Self-stigma increased
rather than decreased treatment-seeking in this analysis. Efforts to
increase treatment-seeking could target women, those with lower income and
those with less severe gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 470-488
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1078392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1078392
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:470-488
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M.S.M. Lim
Author-X-Name-First: M.S.M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: G. Jocham
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jocham
Author-Name: L.T. Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: L.T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Author-Name: T.E.J. Behrens
Author-X-Name-First: T.E.J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrens
Author-Name: R.D. Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: R.D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Title: Impulsivity and predictive control are associated with suboptimal action-selection and action-value learning in regular gamblers
Abstract:
Heightened impulsivity and cognitive biases are risk factors for gambling
problems. However, little is known about precisely how these factors
increase the risks of gambling-related harm in vulnerable individuals.
Here, we modelled the behaviour of 87 community-recruited regular, but not
clinically problematic, gamblers during a binary-choice
reinforcement-learning game, to characterize the relationships between
impulsivity, cognitive biases and the capacity to make optimal action
selections and learn about action-values. Impulsive gamblers showed
diminished use of an optimal (Bayesian-derived) probability estimate when
selecting between candidate actions, and showed slower learning rates and
enhanced non-linear probability weighting while learning action values.
Critically, gamblers who believed that it is possible to predict winning
outcomes (as 'predictive control') failed to use the game's reinforcement
history to guide their action selections. Extensive evidence attests to
the ease with which gamblers can erroneously perceive structure in the
reinforcement history of games when there is none. Our findings
demonstrate that the generic and specific risk factors of impulsivity and
cognitive biases can interfere with the capacity of some gamblers to
utilize structure when it is available in the reinforcement history of
games, potentially increasing their risks of sustaining gambling-related
harms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 489-505
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1078835
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1078835
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:489-505
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renée A. St-Pierre
Author-X-Name-First: Renée A.
Author-X-Name-Last: St-Pierre
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Caroline E. Temcheff
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Temcheff
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Adolescent gambling and problem gambling: examination of an extended theory of planned behaviour
Abstract:
Adolescent problem gambling is acknowledged as a public health concern. To
better understand adolescent gambling and problem gambling behaviour, the
present study investigated the relationships between psychological
correlates of gambling frequency and problem gambling using an extended
theory of planned behaviour (TPB; i.e. intentions, attitudes, subjective
norms, perceptions of behavioural control) that includes negative
anticipated emotions as a factor associated with gambling intentions. Four
hundred and nineteen high school students were surveyed in the Montreal
(Canada) region. The findings generally support the applicability of an
extended TPB model for explaining gambling behaviour frequency and
gambling problems among adolescents. The results reveal that negative
anticipated emotions, attitudes and perceptions of behavioural control
influence gambling intentions. The results further reveal that intentions
and attitudes have a direct relationship with gambling frequency, while
intentions and perceptions of behavioural control are directly related to
problem gambling behaviours. These findings suggest that adolescent
problem gambling prevention and intervention efforts should consider
targeting negative anticipated emotions and other TPB components in order
to postpone initiation to gambling (a risk factor for problem gambling)
and to promote gambling decision-making.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 506-525
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1079640
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1079640
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:506-525
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melanie Hartmann
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann
Title: Problem gambling: cognition, prevention and treatment
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 526-528
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2015
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1061035
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1061035
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:15:y:2015:i:3:p:526-528
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin J. I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schellenberg
Author-Name: Daniel S. McGrath
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel S.
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath
Author-Name: Kristianne Dechant
Author-X-Name-First: Kristianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Dechant
Title: The Gambling Motives Questionnaire financial: factor structure, measurement invariance, and relationships with gambling behaviour
Abstract:
Items assessing financial motives were recently integrated with the
Gambling Motives Questionnaire (GMQ), resulting in a revised measure that
assesses coping, enhancement, social and financial motives for gambling
(GMQ-F). The aim of this research was to test the proposed four-factor
structure of the GMQ-F, determine if GMQ-F responses were invariant across
sex, and test a structural model that specifies links between motives,
gambling frequency and problem gambling severity. Telephone surveys were
conducted with 932 adult gamblers from across Manitoba, Canada, who
responded to items from the GMQ-F and reported their frequency of gambling
and levels of problem gambling severity. Confirmatory factor analysis
yielded strong support for the four-factor structure of GMQ-F scores, and
invariance testing provided evidence of measurement invariance across sex.
Finally, support was found for the hypothesized structural model in which
each gambling motive predicted gambling frequency, which in turn predicted
problem gambling severity. Coping motives also directly predicted problem
gambling severity. These results provide strong evidence in support of the
validity of GMQ-F responses, offer further support for the integration of
financial motives with the GMQ, and delineate relationships between
gambling motives, gambling frequency and gambling-related harm.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1088559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1088559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela Marchetti
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Marchetti
Author-Name: James P. Whelan
Author-X-Name-First: James P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan
Author-Name: Maria C. Verrocchio
Author-X-Name-First: Maria C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Verrocchio
Author-Name: Meredith K. Ginley
Author-X-Name-First: Meredith K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ginley
Author-Name: Mario Fulcheri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Fulcheri
Author-Name: George E. Relyea
Author-X-Name-First: George E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Relyea
Author-Name: Andrew W. Meyers
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyers
Title: Psychometric evaluation of the Italian translation of the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire
Abstract:
Italy has experienced a rapid growth in gambling accessibility,
expenditures and problems. Gambling-related cognitive distortions are
established risk factors for disordered gambling, although little is known
about the role of gambling-related cognitive distortions among Italians.
To establish a valid tool for assessing these distortions, an Italian
version of the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ-I) was
translated and psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 749. Eighty-five
percent had gambled recently and 110 were identified as probable
disordered gamblers. Good reliability, internal consistency and
test-retest reliability were demonstrated. Concurrent, convergent and
predictive validities also suggested that the GBQ-I is a valid and
reliable measure for assessing gambling-related cognitive distortions
among clinical and non-clinical Italian samples. Factor analysis explored
the two-factor structure from the measures’ initial validation but
was unable to replicate it. The validation of this translation of the GBQ
allows for future cross-cultural research on the role of cognitive
distortions in the study and treatment of gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 17-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1088560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1088560
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:17-30
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Elaine Nuske
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nuske
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Alex M.T. Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex M.T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Title: Perceived stigma and self-stigma of problem gambling: perspectives of people with gambling problems
Abstract:
Minimal research has investigated the stigma associated with problem
gambling, despite its major hindrance to help-seeking and recovery. This
study explored perceived stigma and self-stigma to examine stigmatizing
beliefs held, how they may be internalized, coping mechanisms, and effects
on help-seeking. In-depth interviews with 44 people experiencing gambling
problems were analysed using interpretive phenomenology. Results revealed
an overwhelming perception that problem gambling attracts acute public
stigma and is publicly viewed as caused by personal failings. Participants
had serious concerns about being viewed as ‘a problem
gambler’, fearing demeaning stereotypes, social rejection, hostile
responses and devaluing behaviours. Many participants internalized
perceived stigma as self-stigma, with deleterious reported effects on
self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived social worth, and mental and
physical health. Deep shame was a near universal emotion and exacerbated
by relapse. Secrecy was the main coping mechanism used, with perceived and
self-stigma found to act as major barriers to disclosure and help-seeking.
The findings can inform the development of a valid understanding and
conceptualization of problem gambling stigma. This is a prerequisite for
effective stigma-reduction strategies to reduce public stigma and
discrimination, and to lower perceived and self-stigma and increase the
use of treatment services and other interventions by people with gambling
problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 31-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1092566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1092566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:31-48
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Landon
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Landon
Author-Name: Katie Palmer du Preez
Author-X-Name-First: Katie
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer du Preez
Author-Name: Maria Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Alyssa Page
Author-X-Name-First: Alyssa
Author-X-Name-Last: Page
Author-Name: Max Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Title: Pop-up messages on electronic gaming machines in New Zealand: experiences and views of gamblers and venue staff
Abstract:
In New Zealand, a pop-up message feature that interrupts gambling is
mandatory on all electronic gaming machines (EGMs) in all venues. The
present research documented the views and experiences of pop-up messages
from a range of gamblers and gambling venue staff. A series of focus
groups was held with 40 gamblers (ranging from infrequent gamblers to
current/former problem gamblers), and 19 staff from casino and non-casino
venues. Most participants thought that pop-up messages were ineffective as
a harm-minimization measure. Venue staff participants viewed pop-up
messages much more negatively than gamblers, who were generally accepting
of their existence and sometimes described them as useful. Venue staff
participants were also very negative about the additional hassles and
confusion they believed to be caused by pop-up messages, and a range of
problems they perceived with their accuracy. Nonetheless, there was a
consistent although less prevalent view that pop-up messages were useful
in reducing gambling harm and potentially bringing harmful gamblers to the
attention of others. Participants raised some possibilities for enhancing
their effectiveness; these were generally consistent with the evidence
base developed since the introduction of pop-up messages in the New
Zealand gambling environment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 49-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1093535
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2015.1093535
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:49-66
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rayna M. Sansanwal
Author-X-Name-First: Rayna M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sansanwal
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Belle Gavriel-Fried
Author-X-Name-First: Belle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavriel-Fried
Title: What mental health professionals in Israel know and think about adolescent problem gambling
Abstract:
Mental health professionals are well versed in addressing multiple
adolescent risky behaviours and play a primary role in the identification
of and referral process and service provision for young people who engage
in such behaviours. Given their ‘person-in-environment’
approach, training in multi-sectoral collaboration, and awareness of
social policies, social workers are especially equipped to provide needed
mental health services to young people. The aim of the current study was
to examine Israeli mental health professionals’ awareness of and
attitudes towards adolescent high-risk behaviours, including gambling.
Child psychologists, social workers and school counsellors
(N = 273) completed an online survey addressing concerns
related to high-risk behaviours. Findings revealed that social workers
perceived gambling as being among one of the least concerning adolescent
mental health issues and reported feeling the least confident in their
abilities to provide services to young people with gambling problems. The
results suggest the importance of youth gambling addictions being
incorporated into social work training curricula.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 67-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1139159
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1139159
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:67-84
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvia Kairouz
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kairouz
Author-Name: Catherine Paradis
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Paradis
Author-Name: Eva Monson
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Monson
Title: Gender, gambling settings and gambling behaviours among undergraduate poker players
Abstract:
A gender divide in gambling is commonly observed among college
populations. This study examines whether settings where students gamble on
poker mediate the relationship between gender and poker gambling
behaviours. Undergraduate poker players, 126 females and 242 males, were
randomly sampled from three universities in Montreal, Canada. Three
outcomes measuring risky behaviours were considered: severity of gambling
problems as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI),
past-year poker spending and past-year poker debt. Multiple mediation
analyses were conducted. The effect of gender on outcomes was analysed
through three putative mediators: gambling on poker in private residences,
in public locations or on the Internet. Male gender positively relates to
risky gambling behaviours and occurrence of gambling in various settings.
Risky gambling behaviours are positively related to gambling in various
settings. Overall, the occurrence of playing poker in public locations and
on the Internet emerged as significant mediators in relation to PGSI
score, past-year poker spending and past-year poker debt. Given the nature
of the processes by which gender is related to risky gambling behaviours
among undergraduate students, gambling needs to be understood through a
perspective that focuses as much on contexts as it does on individuals.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 85-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1147590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1147590
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:85-97
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Tanner
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanner
Author-Name: Dwight Mazmanian
Author-X-Name-First: Dwight
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazmanian
Title: Gambling attitudes and beliefs associated with problem gambling: the cohort effect of Baby Boomers
Abstract:
Recreational and problem gamblers alike hold beliefs about gambling that
are dysfunctional. These dysfunctional beliefs have been theorized to play
a role in problem gambling behaviour. The current study sought to examine
the effects of gambling attitudes and beliefs on problem gambling
behaviour across three cohorts. A sample of 308 participants consisted of
101 individuals from Generation X, 139 from the Baby Boom cohort and 68
from the Silent Generation. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that
for Baby Boomers, higher scores on scales measuring beliefs about luck and
illusions of control were associated with higher scores on measures of
problem gambling than for the Silent Generation. Generation X’s
higher scores on luck scales were associated with higher scores in problem
gambling than the Baby Boom cohort. Attitudes associated with problem
gambling did not differ among cohorts. These results suggest that while
cohorts may not differ in types or levels of distorted beliefs, they
differ in how such distortions relate to problem gambling. Future research
should focus on determining whether such cohort effects are indicative of
differences within the development and maintenance of problem gambling
itself.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 98-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1147591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1147591
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:98-115
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serge Sévigny
Author-X-Name-First: Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Sévigny
Author-Name: Martin Leclerc
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Leclerc
Author-Name: Annie Goulet
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Goulet
Author-Name: Karina Côté
Author-X-Name-First: Karina
Author-X-Name-Last: Côté
Author-Name: Christian Jacques
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacques
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Isabelle Giroux
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Giroux
Title: Electronic gambling machine gamblers’ characteristics vary according to the type of gambling venue: a Canadian study
Abstract:
The goal of this study was to improve the common knowledge on the
connections between problem gambling and environmental settings. A
cross-sectional design was used to compare two types of electronic
gambling machine (EGM) users in terms of gamblers’ self-reported
behaviours, perceptions, motivations and preferences according to the type
of venue they gambled in. Sixty-six volunteers who gambled in a gambling
hall containing 335 EGMs were compared to volunteers (n =
143) who gambled in small venues containing either 5 or 10 EGMs. All
venues were located in areas with similar socio-economic status.
Face-to-face survey-like interviews were conducted on site by trained
assistants. Interviews comprised 83 items (fixed response and short
open-ended questions). Gamblers’ varied according to the type of
venue on (a) socio-demographic variables; (b) correlates of gambling
problems; (c) self-reported gambling behaviours, perceptions and
motivations; and (d) venue characteristics influencing their choice of
venue. Small venue gamblers reported more characteristics associated with
problem gambling and are about four times more likely to be associated
with problem gambling than gambling hall patrons. Decision-makers should
consider the venue specific players’ profiles outlined in this
manuscript, and appreciate their possible use in appropriate responsible
gambling measures and prevention/treatment programmes.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 116-139
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1151912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1151912
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:116-139
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mélina Andronicos
Author-X-Name-First: Mélina
Author-X-Name-Last: Andronicos
Author-Name: Guy Beauchamp
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Beauchamp
Author-Name: Marie Robert
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Robert
Author-Name: Jacques Besson
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Besson
Author-Name: Monique Séguin
Author-X-Name-First: Monique
Author-X-Name-Last: Séguin
Title: Male gamblers -- suicide victims and living controls: comparison of adversity over the life course
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to investigate the possible difference
in accumulation of adversity over the life course among decedent gamblers
and living control gamblers in the province of Quebec, Canada. A sample of
90 adult men, 41 living participants and 49 suicide decedents, met the
criteria for at-risk and problem gambling over the last five years. Data
were obtained from informants in the case of suicide and directly from
living controls during semi-structured face-to-face interviews using SCID
I and II, SOGS, Module K and a recount of life trajectories methodology.
The results showed a high level of adversity throughout the life
trajectories of both groups. However, the living gamblers faced more
difficulties during their lifespan than the suicide victims. In the last
six months before their death, suicide victims had a significantly higher
number of mental health disorders, especially co-morbid mental health
disorders and anxiety, compared to the living controls. We also observed a
rapid escalation of difficulties, more life events and more psychological
distress in the last six months of their lives among the suicide
decedents. Suicidal behaviour needs to be carefully investigated by
medical staff and mental health practitioners, especially when gamblers
demonstrate evidence of mental health disorders or financial difficulties.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 140-155
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1151914
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1151914
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:140-155
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark van der Maas
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Maas
Title: An exploration of gender differences in the relationship between work family conflict and gambling problems
Abstract:
The current study is an examination of gender differences in the
experience of problems as a result of gambling. Using the framework of
work--family conflict, this study compares men and women in terms of how
their participation in work and family life relates to gambling problems
as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data from the 2008
Canadian Community Health Survey, a large representative sample of 28,687
participants in three Canadian provinces, is analysed with generalized
linear modeling. The findings of this study show that simultaneously
occupying the roles of married spouse and working spouse is associated
with more gambling-related problems for women, but fewer for men. The
study concludes with a discussion of how the intersection of problem
gambling and important aspects of social life presents different problems
for men and women due to gendered expectations surrounding work and family
life. Implications for the findings in relation to trends of increased use
of electronic gaming machines by gambling providers are also discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 156-174
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1155636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1155636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:1:p:156-174
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Yakovenko
Author-X-Name-First: Igor
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovenko
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Nady el-Guebaly
Author-X-Name-First: Nady
Author-X-Name-Last: el-Guebaly
Author-Name: David M. Casey
Author-X-Name-First: David M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Casey
Author-Name: Shawn R. Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Shawn R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Garry J. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Garry J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Don P. Schopflocher
Author-X-Name-First: Don P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schopflocher
Title: Cognitive distortions predict future gambling involvement
Abstract:
Disordered gambling is best conceptualized as a continuum of severity.
Previous research has demonstrated the utility of studying individuals at
all points of this spectrum. The sequence of the development of gambling
problems and change in gambling involvement along this continuum of
severity is not well understood. The present study examined the interplay
between cognitive distortions and gambling involvement in a population
sample recruited in Alberta, Canada. Data from 1372 participants over 4
assessment waves (5 years) were used to generate a 2-factor latent
structure using gambling fallacies and gambling involvement measurements.
Structural equation modelling showed that cognitive distortions more
strongly predicted future gambling involvement than the reverse
relationship, using the comparative fit index (CFI) and the root mean
square error of approximation (RMSEA) to assess the models. In addition,
cognitive distortions declined over time, whereas gambling involvement
remained stable. The results of the study suggest that focusing primarily
on cognitive mechanisms in public health initiatives for gambling
disorders may be a more effective strategy than focusing on behavioural
solutions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 175-192
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1147592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1147592
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:175-192
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Percy
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Percy
Author-Name: Manoel França
Author-X-Name-First: Manoel
Author-X-Name-Last: França
Author-Name: Simo Dragičević
Author-X-Name-First: Simo
Author-X-Name-Last: Dragičević
Author-Name: Artur d’Avila Garcez
Author-X-Name-First: Artur
Author-X-Name-Last: d’Avila Garcez
Title: Predicting online gambling self-exclusion: an analysis of the performance of supervised machine learning models
Abstract:
As gambling operators become increasingly sophisticated in their analysis
of individual gambling behaviour, this study evaluates the potential for
using machine learning techniques to identify individuals who used
self-exclusion tools out of a sample of 845 online gamblers, based on
analysing trends in their gambling behaviour. Being able to identify other
gamblers whose behaviour is similar to those who decided to use
self-exclusion tools could, for instance, be used to share responsible
gaming messages or other information that aids self-aware gambling and
reduces the risk of adverse outcomes. However, operators need to
understand how accurate models can be and which techniques work well. The
purpose of the article is to identify the most accurate technique out of
four highly diverse techniques and to discuss how to deal analytically and
practically with a rare event like self-exclusion, which was used by fewer
than 1% of gamblers in our data-set. We conclude that balanced training
data-sets are necessary for creating effective models and that, on our
data-set, the most effective method is the random forest technique which
achieves an accuracy improvement of 35 percentage points versus baseline
estimates.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 193-210
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1151913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1151913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:193-210
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Eakins
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Eakins
Title: Household gambling expenditures and the Irish recession
Abstract:
This article examines the determinants of household gambling expenditures
in Ireland and the effects of the recession on these expenditures using a
large micro data-set, the Irish Household Budget Survey (HBS). Two
gambling expenditures are examined, bookmaker tote betting and spending on
the national lottery. Households with an older and a less educated head
of household participate in and spend more on both forms of gambling while
the presence of children in the households tends to reduce participation
and spending in gambling. There is also evidence to suggest that
households with an unemployed head of household have a higher likelihood
of participation in gambling. The recession has affected the two forms of
gambling in different ways. Lottery expenditures appear resilient to the
effects of the recession. This is demonstrated in the estimated
expenditure elasticities in particular. Bookmaker/tote expenditures have
changed from a necessity to a luxury good, while lottery expenditures have
increased in their necessity status. This can be explained by the fact
that playing the lottery requires less time, knowledge and risk and has
potentially greater benefits attached to it in comparison to
bookmaker/tote betting. During a recession these factors become much more
prevalent.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 211-230
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1157698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1157698
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:211-230
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvija Ručević
Author-X-Name-First: Silvija
Author-X-Name-Last: Ručević
Title: Gambling among Croatian young people: an exploratory study of the relationship between psychopathic traits, risk-taking tendencies and gambling-related problems
Abstract:
The present study investigated the relationship between psychopathic
traits, risk-taking tendencies and gambling problem severity and if these
associations varied by gender in a community sample of Croatian
adolescents (N = 282; 148 males). Results of the
regression analyses showed that the Impulsive-Irresponsible behavioural
style (YPI-II) and the Grandiose-Manipulative interpersonal style (YPI-GM)
were the strongest postdictors of gambling-related problems. Surprisingly,
independently of the YPI-II dimension, the Callous-Unemotional traits were
negatively associated to gambling-related problems. By, contrast,
independently of the psychopathic traits, risk-tendencies were not
significant postdictors of gambling problem severity. With respect to
gender differences, higher levels of the YPI-II and YPI-GM dimensions were
related to more severe gambling-related problems only in males, not in
females. Furthermore, while the CU traits exhibited protective features
against gambling-related problems in both genders, the effect was stronger
for males than for females.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 231-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1158305
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1158305
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:231-245
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joachim Haeusler
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim
Author-X-Name-Last: Haeusler
Title: Follow the money: using payment behaviour as predictor for future self-exclusion
Abstract:
Behavioural tracking is an increasingly discussed method of early
detection of potential gambling-related problems. Recent research has
focused predominantly on information derived from gambling transactions
and communication logs. Even though payment behaviour establishes a direct
link to the financial consequences of gambling, it had thus far not become
subject to this field of research. This article uses transactional data
generated by 2696 customers from the online gambling label bwin.com to
investigate how far specific payment behaviours and specific payment
methods enable a prospective differentiation between self-excluders and
controls. The number and amount of deposits, the variance of withdrawals,
the amount of funds subject to reversed withdrawals and the usage of
mobile phone billing were found to be positively associated with
self-exclusion; the number of active gambling months and the usage of
electronic wallets and prepaid cards negatively. Customer age displayed a
U-shaped relation, with customers of below and above average being
stronger associated with self-exclusion. However, it must be noted that
the validity of the resulting predictive model derived from payment data
is lower than comparable models derived from gambling data. The results
are discussed in the light of implementing early-detection and
intervention algorithms based on customer behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 246-262
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1158306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1158306
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:246-262
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Elaine Nuske
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nuske
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Alex M.T. Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex M.T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Title: How does the stigma of problem gambling influence help-seeking, treatment and recovery? a view from the counselling sector
Abstract:
Problem gambling attracts considerable public stigma and can cause
significant self-stigma. However, little research has investigated the
role of stigma during treatment-assisted recovery from problem gambling.
This study aimed to examine gambling counsellors’ perspectives on
whether and how the stigma associated with problem gambling influences
problem acknowledgement, help-seeking, treatment and recovery. In-depth
interviews with nine gambling counsellors from Victoria, Australia, were
analysed to extract shared meanings of experiences using interpretative
phenomenological analysis. Counsellors indicated that the burden of
problem gambling is typically increased by the addition of stigma and its
impacts. This stigma is created and maintained by a lack of public
understanding about problem gambling and its causes, and internalization
of self-stigmatizing beliefs, leading to delayed help-seeking, anxiety
about attending treatment, concerns about counsellor attitudes, and fear
of relapse. Counsellors maintained that, before effective gambling
treatment could occur, they needed to help clients overcome their
self-stigmatizing beliefs to establish confidence and trust in the
counsellor, restore self-esteem, enhance stigma coping skills and foster a
belief that recovery is possible. Harnessing support from significant
others and preparing clients for relapse were also important inclusions to
lower stigma. Addressing stigma early in treatment can help to improve
treatment adherence and recovery.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 263-280
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1171888
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1171888
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:263-280
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark van der Maas
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Maas
Title: Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: an examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status
Abstract:
Socio-economic status has been shown to be significantly related to both
problem gambling and mental health problems. Additionally, forms of
psychopathology such as mood and anxiety disorders have been shown to
correlate with problem gambling across a variety of settings. However,
relatively little research has been conducted examining whether the
connection between mood and anxiety disorders and problem gambling is
consistent across different levels of socio-economic status. This study
examines gambling-related problems among a representative sample of
Canadian adults using the 2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (N =
28,271). Generalized linear modelling is used to analyze the data. A
moderation effect is found that shows the relationship between anxiety
disorders and problem gambling severity varies significantly across
socio-economic status. This study shows that social setting has an
important influence on the assumed relationship between psychopathology
and gambling problems that is downplayed in current problem gambling
research. A discussion of the need for greater inclusion of socio-economic
context when making assumptions about the connections between problem
gambling and psychiatric disorders is made in light of the
responsibilities of gambling providers and regulators.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 281-295
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:281-295
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jungsun (Sunny) Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jungsun (Sunny)
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Mikael B. Ahlgren
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlgren
Author-Name: Jeoung-Woo Byun
Author-X-Name-First: Jeoung-Woo
Author-X-Name-Last: Byun
Author-Name: Kristin Malek
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Malek
Title: Gambling motivations and superstitious beliefs: a cross-cultural study with casino customers
Abstract:
The expansion of legalized commercial gaming in Macau has motivated
stakeholders to explore opportunities in other Asian countries. However,
there is a lack of research focusing on casino customers in these markets.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore gambling superstitious
beliefs and motivations of those visiting a casino in South Korea, and how
these factors are different across four ethnic groups. The researchers
surveyed 323 casino customers in the lounge area on the casino floor,
including Americans, Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans living abroad. This
study found American gamblers could be characterized as more superstitious
than Japanese gamblers, while the Chinese and American gamblers exhibited
many similarities regarding the pattern of superstitious beliefs that they
were most likely to endorse. The findings also suggest the culture and the
area around the casino might be more important to Chinese, while novelty
to Japanese and winning money to Korean gamblers are seen as most
important. This study contributes to gambling literature by examining
gamblers’ beliefs and motives in a different setting with more
diverse populations than those in previous studies. The findings of this
study will help casino operators properly develop and adjust strategies to
thrive in the Asian marketplace.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 296-315
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1182569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1182569
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:296-315
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremiah Weinstock
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremiah
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinstock
Author-Name: Kyler Mulhauser
Author-X-Name-First: Kyler
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulhauser
Author-Name: Emma G. Oremus
Author-X-Name-First: Emma G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oremus
Author-Name: Alexandra R. D’Agostino
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra R.
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Agostino
Title: Demand for gambling: development and assessment of a gambling purchase task
Abstract:
Self-report purchase tasks are a novel approach examining the reinforcing
value of addictive behaviour relative to increasing monetary costs
required to access the addictive behaviour (i.e. demand). These measures
reveal a positive relationship between the indices of demand and addiction
problem severity and can elucidate factors associated with motivation for
substance use. Gambling is an addictive behaviour that has not been
examined using this paradigm. This study seeks to adapt and examine the
purchase task for gambling behaviour. A gambling purchase task was devised
that asked individuals how often per month they would gamble at various
cover charges. Participants were 73 adults from the community with either
gambling disorder (n = 28) or alcohol use
disorder (n = 24) or were a healthy control
(n = 21). Both the alcohol and gambling
purchase tasks were administered. Results demonstrate discriminant
validity of the gambling purchase task, as individuals with gambling
disorder have significantly greater demand for accessing gambling than
other groups. The alcohol purchase task also evidenced discriminant
validity in that individuals with alcohol use disorder have significantly
greater demand for alcohol than other groups. These findings support the
use of the gambling purchase task to assess the demand for gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 316-327
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1182570
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1182570
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:316-327
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerri Kruse
Author-X-Name-First: Kerri
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruse
Author-Name: Joanna White
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Author-Name: Darren K. Walton
Author-X-Name-First: Darren K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walton
Author-Name: Danny Tu
Author-X-Name-First: Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu
Title: Changes in risky gambling prevalence among a New Zealand population cohort
Abstract:
Evidence suggests that problem gambling is an unstable state where
gamblers move into and out of risk over time. This article looks at
longitudinal changes in risky gambling and the factors associated with an
increased risk (measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index [PGSI]) in
the current New Zealand context, which has experienced a doubling of the
electronic gaming machine (EGM) market over the last two decades.
Respondents from a nationally representative baseline sample
(n = 2672) were recontacted two years later to assess
changes in gambling behaviours. Among the 901 respondents reached at
follow-up, average gambling risk increased over time, and the prevalence
of those who had at least some level of gambling risk (i.e. low-risk or
greater) more than doubled (from 4.7% to 12.4%). The majority (80.2%) of
those who were at risk at follow-up had not been at risk at baseline.
Multivariate linear regression analyses show that the predictors of low to
moderate increased risk include Pacific ethnicity; high neighbourhood
deprivation status; baseline frequent, continuous gambler type; baseline
PGSI status; and playing EGMs. These findings highlight the need to
develop theories of gambling addiction trajectories and to identify the
earliest point along the trajectory where public health interventions
should occur.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 328-346
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1183033
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1183033
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:2:p:328-346
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Yakovenko
Author-X-Name-First: Igor
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovenko
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: A scoping review of co-morbidity in individuals with disordered gambling
Abstract:
Individuals with disordered gambling often report at least one other lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Although prevalence rates vary, there is substantial evidence for co-morbidity being the rule rather than the exception. Despite this known association, there has not been a recent comprehensive review of co-morbidity in disordered gambling other than prevalence surveys. The goal of this study was to broadly summarize and review the current literature on the extent, range and nature of disordered gambling co-morbidity. Following an initial search and screening of 6 databases, 251 articles were included in the final synthesis and evaluation. The main findings showed that few studies examine the mechanisms of co-morbidity in gambling beyond prevalence rates; few studies report on temporal sequencing of gambling and co-morbid disorders; there is a lack of treatment evaluation studies designed specifically for dual-diagnosis individuals; there is a need for system-level initiatives to address co-morbidity at the policy level; and the substance use literature may act as a useful model for guiding future gambling research on co-morbidity. The results suggest that despite a reasonable amount of published research on co-morbidity in disordered gambling, most study conclusions relegate to acknowledgements of high co-occurrence between disorders without follow-up.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 143-172
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1364400
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1364400
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:143-172
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aurélien Cornil
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélien
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornil
Author-Name: Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
Author-X-Name-First: Olatz
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Fernandez
Author-Name: Gaëtan Devos
Author-X-Name-First: Gaëtan
Author-X-Name-Last: Devos
Author-Name: Philippe de Timary
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: de Timary
Author-Name: Anna E. Goudriaan
Author-X-Name-First: Anna E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goudriaan
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: Exploring gambling craving through the elaborated intrusion theory of desire: a mixed methods approach
Abstract:
Gambling disorder is a well-established behavioural addiction, which was classified with substance-related disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Although craving was introduced as a new diagnostic criterion for substance-related disorders, it was not included for gambling disorder. This study aimed to explore the experience of gambling craving and to evaluate whether the elaborated intrusion theory of desire (EIT), a cognitive model of craving, fits gambling craving. A mixed methods study was conducted among 31 non-clinical gamblers. The qualitative part consisted of open-ended questions targeting the components of the EIT. The quantitative part consisted of a questionnaire designed to assess triggers and descriptions of gambling craving. Qualitative analysis revealed six distinct conceptual categories related to gambling craving: positive and negative affect, external cues, mental imageries, thoughts and physiological sensations. The quantitative analysis highlighted the most relevant triggers (e.g. spontaneous thoughts) and experiential characteristics (e.g. visual imagery) of gambling craving. The present study allowed the authors to support the relevance of the EIT as it applies to gambling craving by disentangling its core features. Findings from this study suggest that the use of interventions derived from the EIT may be relevant for problem gambling treatment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1368686
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1368686
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:1-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Laura Jakob
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakob
Author-Name: David Aro
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Aro
Title: Understanding end-user perspectives to enhance perceived value uptake of harm-minimization tools: considering gambler’s views of a pre-commitment system
Abstract:
Harm-minimization strategies reduce the experience of gambling-related harms for individuals and those close to them. Most policies and particularly discussions of tool design and implementation fail to involve end users and consider their concerns and needs. This study aimed to investigate the best way to introduce a harm-minimization tool for electronic gaming machines (EGMs) that will maximize the perceived value and subsequent uptake by the intended audience of gamblers. Focus groups were conducted with 31 Australian regular EGM gamblers experiencing a range of gambling problems. Participants were asked their perspectives of a pre-commitment system (features including accessing activity statements, setting limits, viewing dynamic messages, taking breaks), including concerns, and how to enhance perceived value and usefulness. Positive attitudes about the system were expressed; however, many gamblers saw the tool as relevant only for problem gamblers. Participants indicated that value could be enhanced by making the system flexible and customizable, but still easy to use. Design and implementation strategies such as incorporating flexibility in features, ease of use, appropriate terminology, and educational efforts may address gamblers’ concerns, particularly regarding privacy and potential stigma. This would enhance user perception of harm-minimization tools as relevant and may subsequently enhance effectiveness.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 22-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1370723
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1370723
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:22-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Hibai
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-Name: Ana Estévez
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Estévez
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Title: Controlling the illusion of control: a grounded theory of sports betting advertising in the UK
Abstract:
Sports betting advertising has arguably permeated contemporary sport consumption in many countries. Advertisements build narratives that represent situations and characters that normalize betting behaviour and raise public concerns regarding their detrimental effect on vulnerable groups. Adopting a grounded theory approach, the present study examined a British sample of sports betting advertisements (N = 102) from 2014 to 2016. The analysis revealed that individual themes aligned in a single core narrative, constructing a dual persuasive strategy of sports betting advertising: (i) to reduce the perceived risk involved in betting (with themes such as betting with friends, free money offers, humour, or the use of celebrities) while (ii) enhancing the perceived control of bettors (including themes of masculinity and sport knowledge). In addition, new technological features of sports betting platforms (e.g. live in-play betting) were used by advertisers to build narratives in which the ability to predict a sports outcome was overlapped by the ability of bettors to use such platforms, equalizing the ease of betting with the ease of winning. Based on the data analysed, it was concluded that the construction of a magnified idea of control in sports betting advertising is a cause for concern that requires close regulatory scrutiny.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 39-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1377747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1377747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:39-55
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Author-Name: Peter Adams
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams
Author-Name: Rebecca Cassidy
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassidy
Author-Name: Francis Markham
Author-X-Name-First: Francis
Author-X-Name-Last: Markham
Author-Name: Gerda Reith
Author-X-Name-First: Gerda
Author-X-Name-Last: Reith
Author-Name: Angela Rintoul
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Rintoul
Author-Name: Natasha Dow Schüll
Author-X-Name-First: Natasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Dow Schüll
Author-Name: Richard Woolley
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolley
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Title: On gambling research, social science and the consequences of commercial gambling
Abstract:
Social, political, economic, geographic and cultural processes related to the significant growth of the gambling industries have, in recent years, been the subject of a growing body of research. This body of research has highlighted relationships between social class and gambling expenditure, as well as the design, marketing and location of gambling products and businesses. It has also demonstrated the regressive nature of much gambling revenue, illuminating the influence that large gambling businesses have had on government policy and on researchers, including research priorities, agendas and outcomes. Recently, critics have contended that although such scholarship has produced important insights about the operations and effects of gambling businesses, it is ideologically motivated and lacks scientific rigour. This response explains some basic theoretical and disciplinary concepts that such critique misunderstands, and argues for the value of social, political, economic, geographic and cultural perspectives to the broader, interdisciplinary field of gambling research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 56-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1377748
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1377748
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:56-68
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. Papineau
Author-X-Name-First: E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Papineau
Author-Name: G. Lacroix
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lacroix
Author-Name: S. Sévigny
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sévigny
Author-Name: J.-F. Biron
Author-X-Name-First: J.-F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Biron
Author-Name: N. Corneau-Tremblay
Author-X-Name-First: N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Corneau-Tremblay
Author-Name: F. Lemétayer
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemétayer
Title: Assessing the differential impacts of online, mixed, and offline gambling
Abstract:
The emergence of new behaviours associated with communication technologies has prompted questions about the evolution of gambling in the population. The development of online gambling gave rise to public health concerns back 20 years ago. Current knowledge indicates that online gamblers generally tend to show more psychosocial problems than offline gamblers. But those portraits tend to neglect the differences between pure and mixed online gamblers. The goal of this research is to assess if, and to what extent, online gambling generates more harmful impacts on the health and well-being in a sample of adult gamblers in Québec. The propensity score matching method was chosen to assess the variable prevalence of impacts on a sample of 810 regular gamblers recruited from an online panel. They were divided into sub-groups: pure online gamblers (n = 143), mixed online gamblers (n = 125), and a control group of offline gamblers (n = 542). The study has revealed that among online gamblers and their entourage, online gambling does, in fact, result in an extra burden of impacts in several aspects of their lives: work, relationships, mental/physical health, finances, quality of life, and problem gambling according to the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Results also show that combined with offline gambling, online gambling significantly increases the burden of impacts in terms of both the number and intensity of impacts. This is the first empirical study using propensity score matching to asses the incremental impacts of online gambling by separating pure and mixed gamblers and to compare them to offline gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 69-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1378362
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1378362
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:69-91
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Hoc Nang
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Author-Name: Desmond Lam
Author-X-Name-First: Desmond
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam
Author-Name: Davis Ka Chio Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Davis Ka Chio
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Title: Controllable superstition and its relationship with enduring and behavioural involvement in gambling
Abstract:
Superstition is a salient belief given the desire of individuals to control outcomes in daily life, particularly in the context of gambling. This study contributes to the literature by distinguishing controllable superstition from uncontrollable superstition. Furthermore, their relationships with enduring involvement and, subsequently, behavioural involvement, including gambling frequency and variety, are examined. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling, the analysis of data collected from 496 casino gamblers indicates that uncontrollable superstition has two sub-dimensions, which include impersonal outcome and personal state. Controllable superstition positively predicts gambling frequency and variety via enduring involvement, whereas uncontrollable superstition has no effect on enduring involvement. The findings indicate that superstition should not be treated as a unidimensional construct, as controllable and uncontrollable superstitions have different effects on consequential variables. Practical implications are provided for gambling regulators and casino operators.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 92-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1378363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1378363
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:92-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hirotaka Kato
Author-X-Name-First: Hirotaka
Author-X-Name-Last: Kato
Author-Name: Rei Goto
Author-X-Name-First: Rei
Author-X-Name-Last: Goto
Title: Geographical accessibility to gambling venues and pathological gambling: an econometric analysis of pachinko parlours in Japan
Abstract:
The relationship between geographical accessibility to gambling venues and the prevalence of pathological gambling is still unknown. This study aimed to reveal this relationship in Japan as well as its variation by subpopulation. A cross-sectional study was conducted, based on an original web-based survey to understand the level of pathological gambling depending on accessibility to pachinko parlours. Pathological gamblers were measured using the Japanese version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Accessibility to gambling venues was defined as the number of pachinko parlours within a 1.5 km radius from home. Moreover, the study adopted the instrumental variable approach to solve the potential endogeneity problem. The results showed that the accessibility was not significantly associated with pathological gambling in general, but that the effects of accessibility varied by subpopulation. Accessibility was significantly and positively correlated with pathological gambling for men and people in low-income areas, but this was not so for women and people in high-income areas. The study’s findings show the importance of the neighbourhood environment and could help in implementing more effective interventions for pathological gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 111-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1383503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1383503
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:111-123
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sari Castrén
Author-X-Name-First: Sari
Author-X-Name-Last: Castrén
Author-Name: Riku Perhoniemi
Author-X-Name-First: Riku
Author-X-Name-Last: Perhoniemi
Author-Name: Jukka Kontto
Author-X-Name-First: Jukka
Author-X-Name-Last: Kontto
Author-Name: Hannu Alho
Author-X-Name-First: Hannu
Author-X-Name-Last: Alho
Author-Name: Anne H. Salonen
Author-X-Name-First: Anne H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Salonen
Title: Association between gambling harms and game types: Finnish population study
Abstract:
Understanding of the harmfulness of game types is needed when planning harm minimization and prevention strategies. Adult data (N = 3555) from the Finnish Gambling 2015 survey was used to investigate the associations between different game types and gambling-related harms. A negative binomial regression model was used to analyse the effects of demographics, gambling involvement factors, and engaging in different game types on the number of gambling-related harms, which were evaluated by PGSI and SOGS. Age of 18–24, gambling several times a week, high relative expenditure, online gambling and engaging weekly either in scratch games, betting games or slot machine gambling were associated with a higher number of gambling harms. Chasing losses was the most typical harm among online poker players and fast-paced daily lottery game players, while poor self-control was the most typical harm with other game types, although some of the results were not statistically significant. Multiple factors were associated with gambling harms, including young age and gambling intensity. Games that provide a possibility for high-frequency gambling are more linked to harms. Recommendations should be implemented to incorporate effective harm-minimizing strategies in the regulation of specific game types both at the legislative level (provision and supply) and at the public health level.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 124-142
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1388830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1388830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:124-142
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. N. Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: S. N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: N. A. Dowling
Author-X-Name-First: N. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowling
Author-Name: B. Knaebe
Author-X-Name-First: B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Knaebe
Author-Name: D. I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: D. I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: Does SMS improve gambling outcomes over and above access to other e-mental health supports? A feasibility study
Abstract:
SMS is simple, inexpensive and a convenient method of delivering interventions to people with problem gambling, but there are currently no trials investigating its feasibility or impact. This study explores the feasibility of SMS for people with problem gambling accessing an e-mental health service (i.e. chat, email, forums and brief self-help). The study randomized 198 gamblers to bi-weekly SMS (versus treatment-as-usual [TAU]) over a 12-week period. SMS involved a series of behaviour change techniques as well as a call-back for further help. Recruitment and randomization workflow, SMS implementation and the impact of text messages on engagement at 12-week follow-up evaluation were also examined. Four out of five gamblers accessing e-mental health were willing to take part and very few withdrew from the study. Furthermore, 10% accessed the new outbound service (text for immediate HELP). There was a significant decrease in gambling symptoms and time and money spent post-treatment, but there was not a significant difference between SMS and TAU (i.e. SMS did not increase the effect of e-mental health). Gamblers accessed an average of 2.5 e-mental health offerings at their initial visit and it could be that this mixture of service supports more than met current needs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 343-357
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1388831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1388831
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:343-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Chu
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Chu
Author-Name: Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield
Author-X-Name-First: Eve H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Limbrick-Oldfield
Author-Name: W. Spencer Murch
Author-X-Name-First: W. Spencer
Author-X-Name-Last: Murch
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Why do slot machine gamblers use stopping devices? Findings from a ‘Casino Lab’ experiment
Abstract:
Stopping devices are a structural characteristic of modern slot machines that enable the player to brake the spinning reels manually, but with no influence on the predetermined outcome. This study tested two mechanisms for why players might use a stopping device: (1) enhanced ‘illusory control’, and (2) faster game speed. Thirty student participants and 31 past-year slot machine gamblers played a multi-line slot machine equipped with a stop button, situated in a laboratory environment. During 20 minutes of play, participants could use the stop button as often as they wished. Contrary to predictions, the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ), a trait measure of illusion of control, did not predict stop button usage. Participants who did and did not endorse the stop button as effective did not differ in their actual use of the device. Stop button use was associated with faster spin initiation latencies, and specifically increased following spins on which the use of the stop button coincided with a win. The data are interpreted as more consistent with a low-level operant conditioning account of slot machine gambling than a higher-level account based on cognitive distortions. By increasing speed of play, stopping devices may increase gambling losses and exaggerate gambling-related harms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 310-326
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1413125
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1413125
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:310-326
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anja Kräplin
Author-X-Name-First: Anja
Author-X-Name-Last: Kräplin
Author-Name: Stefan Scherbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Scherbaum
Author-Name: Gerhard Bühringer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Bühringer
Author-Name: Thomas Goschke
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Goschke
Author-Name: André Schmidt
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt
Title: Negative interpersonal scenes decrease inhibitory control in healthy individuals but not in gambling disorder patients
Abstract:
While impaired cognitive control and decision-making are clearly related to gambling disorder (GD), it remains unclear how they are affected by interpersonal problems as contextual cues for gambling. This study tested whether these impairments in GD are specifically present following presentations of negative interpersonal scenes. Inpatients with GD (n = 49) and healthy individuals (n = 29) performed a go/no-go and an intertemporal choice task with randomly presented pictures depicting either neutral scenes or negative interpersonal scenes related to a lack of autonomy (e.g. prison scene) or appreciation (e.g. thumb downwards). The reduction of inhibitory control in the go/no-go task after negative autonomy-related compared to neutral interpersonal scenes was significantly larger in the control compared to the GD group. Within the control group, we also found a reduction of inhibitory control after negative appreciation-related compared to neutral scenes. There were no further significant between- or within- group-effects. Unexpectedly, negative interpersonal scenes decreased inhibitory control in healthy individuals but not in GD patients that may be explained post hoc by differences in stress responses or emotion regulation in reaction to the negative scenes. The effects of interpersonal problems on gambling behaviour in GD cannot directly be explained by cue-induced impairments of inhibitory control or decision-making.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 178-194
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1448426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1448426
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:178-194
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristian M. Ruiz de Lara
Author-X-Name-First: Cristian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz de Lara
Author-Name: Juan F. Navas
Author-X-Name-First: Juan F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Navas
Author-Name: Carles Soriano-Mas
Author-X-Name-First: Carles
Author-X-Name-Last: Soriano-Mas
Author-Name: Guillaume Sescousse
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume
Author-X-Name-Last: Sescousse
Author-Name: José C. Perales
Author-X-Name-First: José C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Perales
Title: Regional grey matter volume correlates of gambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and emotion-driven impulsivity
Abstract:
Reports of regional grey matter volume (GMV) anomalies in patients with gambling disorder (PGD) are inconsistent, which can be attributed to methodological disparity and inattention to individual variability. Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare GMV between 25 PGD and 25 healthy controls. Additionally, the study explored associations of interpretative bias (IB, the tendency to reinterpret gambling outcomes) and negative urgency (NU, the tendency to act rashly under negative affect) with GMV in patients. These measures were chosen based on their sound association with gambling disorder in related studies. GMV tests were corrected across the whole brain (using a combination of voxel and cluster-level thresholds for a clusterwise-equivalent p ≤ 0.05). GMV was smaller in PGD than in controls in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. In PGD, a stronger cognitive distortion (higher IB) was associated with reduced GMV in the dorsal anterior cingulate; and patients with higher levels of impulsivity (higher NU) presented reduced GMV in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings are consistent with recent studies exploring individual differences in GD. However, the area discriminating between groups showed no overlap with the ones associated with IB and NU. These traits are thus unlikely to be responsible for between-group GMV differences.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 195-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1448427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1448427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:195-216
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia Di Ciano
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Ciano
Author-Name: Bernard Le Foll
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard
Author-X-Name-Last: Le Foll
Title: The Rat Gambling Task as a model for the preclinical development of treatments for gambling disorder
Abstract:
Gambling is a harmless pastime for many, but for some it can become problematic with serious social and financial consequences. To date, no pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder have been approved. Progress in this regard is undoubtedly hampered by the lack of established preclinical models that allow for the screening of the potential efficacy of new approaches. The Rat Gambling Task (rGT), based on the Iowa Gambling Task in humans, is a model of some of the decision-making processes involved in gambling. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the literature to date on the use of the rGT for preclinical testing of pharmacological agents. First, the rGT is described and compared to the IGT. Next, validity is examined to establish the rGT as a viable model for preclinical evaluation of new drugs. Finally, the available data on the effects of pharmacological challenges on the rGT are reviewed focusing on dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and opioid systems. It is concluded that the rGT may provide a viable preclinical model for new drug development for the treatment of gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 217-241
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1448428
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1448428
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:217-241
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim van Timmeren
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: van Timmeren
Author-Name: Paul Zhutovsky
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhutovsky
Author-Name: Ruth J. van Holst
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth J.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Holst
Author-Name: Anna E. Goudriaan
Author-X-Name-First: Anna E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goudriaan
Title: Connectivity networks in gambling disorder: a resting-state fMRI study
Abstract:
Gambling disorder (GD) is characterized by an inability to stop or control gambling behaviour and is often accompanied by gambling-related cognitive distortions. Task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed abnormal responses within the prefrontal and insular cortex, and mesolimbic reward regions. Studies examining resting-state functional connectivity in GD, although limited in number, have so far applied seed-based analysis approaches which revealed altered brain functioning. Here, we applied data-driven Independent Components Analysis to resting-state multi-echo fMRI data. Networks of interest were selected by spatially correlating them to independently derived network templates. Using dual regression, we compared connectivity strength between 20 GD patients and 20 healthy controls within 4 well-known networks (the ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal control, and default mode network) and an additional basal ganglia component. Compared to controls, GD patients showed increased integration of the right middle insula within the ventral attention network, an area suggested to play an important role in addiction-related drive. Moreover, our findings indicate that gambling-related cognitive distortions – a hallmark of GD – were positively related to stronger integration of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and insula within various resting-state networks.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 242-258
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1449884
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1449884
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:242-258
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evangelos Zois
Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos
Author-X-Name-Last: Zois
Author-Name: Falk Kiefer
Author-X-Name-First: Falk
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiefer
Author-Name: Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
Author-X-Name-First: Sabine
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollstädt-Klein
Author-Name: Tagrid Lemenager
Author-X-Name-First: Tagrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemenager
Author-Name: Karl Mann
Author-X-Name-First: Karl
Author-X-Name-Last: Mann
Author-Name: Mira Fauth-Bühler
Author-X-Name-First: Mira
Author-X-Name-Last: Fauth-Bühler
Title: Amygdala grey matter volume increase in gambling disorder with depression symptoms of clinical relevance: a voxel-based morphometry study
Abstract:
Studies on brain structure in gambling disorder (GD) have so far employed small sample sizes offering little in the investigation of co-morbid conditions such as depression. The aim of the current investigation is to examine grey matter (GM) volume alterations in GD patients with depression symptoms compared to GD without. In total, 107 gamblers with and without depression symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The authors employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to look for GM volume differences between the groups. Group comparison showed that GD patients with higher depressive symptoms exhibited significant GM volume increase in the left amygdala (p < 0.05, ROI FWE corrected). Amygdala GM volume positively correlated with depression scores. The authors extend previous findings in the field acknowledging the need for subgroup formation and comparisons in GD. Brain structural alterations in GD patients with depressive symptomatology might also exist. Depression co-morbidity in GD is an interesting field for future research with implications for therapy (i.e. personalized treatment) and the development of psychological or pharmacological interventions in GD patients with and without depression co-morbidity targeting amygdala and neighbouring regions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 259-268
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1452276
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1452276
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:259-268
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rohit H. Trivedi
Author-X-Name-First: Rohit H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Trivedi
Author-Name: Thorsten Teichert
Author-X-Name-First: Thorsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Teichert
Title: Attitudes, beliefs and impulsivity in online gambling addiction
Abstract:
Gambling research often refers to attitude and belief measurements to distinguish between problem and non-problem gamblers. Past studies also indicated that problem gamblers have a tendency to steeply discount rewards. The authors join both research streams and investigate the relationships between attitudes and beliefs on gambling addiction with the moderating effects of delay discounting using a novel methodological approach of double-hurdle model. They thereby differentiate the five sub-dimensions of the Gambling Attitude and Belief Scale (GABS): emotions, chasing, luck, attitudes and strategies. Findings show that emotional predispositions and chasing tendencies are positively related to the severity of online gambling addiction, independent of gamblers’ impulsivity. In contrast, gambling attitudes act as inhibitor for gamblers willing to wait for some time to receive higher reward. Findings show that money-related impulsiveness influences the relationship between sub-dimensions of GABS and gambling addiction: gambling attitudes and beliefs do not necessarily harm online gamblers but their positive or negative relationship to addiction depends on online gamblers’ impulsivity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 327-342
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1466188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1466188
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:327-342
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Anna E. Goudriaan
Author-X-Name-First: Anna E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goudriaan
Title: The neuroscience and neuropsychology of gambling and gambling addiction: an introduction to the special issue
Abstract:
Neuroscience research on gambling, including neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and psychophysiological experiments, is often regarded as aligned with the ‘brain disease model of addictions’. We assert that a bio-psycho-social framework represents the consensus view of disordered gambling, giving equal weighting to biological and psychosocial predisposing factors (and their interactions). Within this framework, we highlight three ways in which neuroscience can inform gambling research - none of which rely on one’s endorsement of biological ‘causal explanations’: i) as a toolbox of objective measures for studying gambling behaviour, ii) as a way of understanding treatment mechanisms, of both psychological and biological treatments, iii) as a way of probing the impact of gambling product features relevant to gambling policy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 173-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1467946
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1467946
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:173-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iris M. Balodis
Author-X-Name-First: Iris M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Balodis
Author-Name: Jakob Linnet
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Linnet
Author-Name: Fiza Arshad
Author-X-Name-First: Fiza
Author-X-Name-Last: Arshad
Author-Name: Patrick D. Worhunsky
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Worhunsky
Author-Name: Michael C. Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Michael C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens
Author-Name: Godfrey D. Pearlson
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearlson
Author-Name: Marc N. Potenza
Author-X-Name-First: Marc N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Potenza
Title: Relating neural processing of reward and loss prospect to risky decision-making in individuals with and without gambling disorder
Abstract:
Neuroimaging studies demonstrate alterations in fronto-striatal neurocircuitry in gambling disorder (GD) during anticipatory processing, which may influence decision-making impairments. However, to date little is known about fronto-striatal anticipatory processing and emotion-based decision-making. While undergoing neuroimaging, 28 GD and 28 healthy control (HC) participants performed the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT). Pearson correlation coefficients assessed out-of-scanner Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance with the neural activity during prospect (A1) processing on the MIDT across combined GD and HC groups. The HC and GD groups showed no significant difference in out-of-scanner IGT performance, although there was a trend for higher IGT scores in the HC group on the last two IGT trial blocks. Whole-brain correlations across combined HC and GD groups showed that MIDT BOLD signal in the ventral striatum/caudate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate regions during the prospect of winning positively correlated with total IGT scores. The GD group also contained a higher proportion of tobacco smokers, and correlations between neural activations in prospect on the MIDT may relate in part to gambling and/or smoking pathology. In this study, fronto-striatal activity during the prospect of reward and loss on the MIDT was related to decision-making on the IGT, with blunted activation linked to disadvantageous decision-making. The findings from this work are novel in linking brain activity during a prospect-of-reward phase with performance on a decision-making task in individuals with and without GD.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 269-285
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1469658
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1469658
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:269-285
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darren R. Christensen
Author-X-Name-First: Darren R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen
Title: A review of opioid-based treatments for gambling disorder: an examination of treatment outcomes, cravings, and individual differences
Abstract:
Although pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder have shown some promise, questions remain regarding the relationships between primary outcome measures, cravings and sensitivities. In this review of the clinical literature of opioid treatments for gambling disorder an analysis is presented on primary outcome measures, dosing schedules, the reasons for drop-out, and adverse effects. This review of the extant literature shows a relationship between craving and primary outcome measures that appears to be mediated by individual differences, and mirrors the complexity found in the alcohol dependence literature. This relationship implies that individual differences mediate the effectiveness of opioid treatments and indicates that tailored ‘precision medicine’ treatments are possible for gambling disorder. For example, modifying dosing schedules based on personal and familial histories of co-morbidities (e.g. alcohol dependence or prior substance use), and using pharmacologies implicated in reducing impulsive behaviour might increase treatment effectiveness. Future basic science and applied research examining the interactions between pharmacologies and neurotransmitters may elucidate a possible pharmacological treatment taxonomy for gambling disorder.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 286-309
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1470662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1470662
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:2:p:286-309
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Alex M.T. Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex M.T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Author-Name: Anastasia Hronis
Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia
Author-X-Name-Last: Hronis
Title: A definition and set of principles for responsible consumption of gambling
Abstract:
Responsible consumption of gambling (RCG) is now a major paradigm driving industry, government and public health measures that aim to prevent or minimize gambling-related harm. This is reflected in the pervasive message to ‘gamble responsibly’. However, few attempts have been made to define the concept or identify its foundation principles, resulting in substantial ambiguity over what RCG means and its essential characteristics. This study addresses this void by synthesizing findings from a systematic literature review, website analysis and online survey of 107 experts – to develop a set of underlying principles and a definition of RCG. These tasks were facilitated by the reasonably consistent principles found to underpin RCG in the three data sources, despite wide variations in how the construct has previously been defined. Thus, the set of principles of RCG developed in this study (affordability, balance, informed choice, control, enjoyment, harm-free) should attract wide acceptance, as should the definition given that it combines and summarizes these principles. Adopting a consistent definition and set of RCG principles will provide a basis for developing consistent guidelines for consumers, offer direction for public health efforts for gambling harm minimization, and inform government policies and industry measures aiming to support safe gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 359-382
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1390591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1390591
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:359-382
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paolo Iliceto
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Iliceto
Author-Name: Emanuele Fino
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele
Author-X-Name-Last: Fino
Author-Name: Mauro Schiavella
Author-X-Name-First: Mauro
Author-X-Name-Last: Schiavella
Title: Validity and reliability of the Italian Gambling Functional Assessment–Revised
Abstract:
Problem gambling is a growing phenomenon in Italy, and there is increasing interest in studying the reasons for gambling in the Italian community. The Gambling Functional Assessment–Revised (GFA-R) was developed to assess two contingencies maintaining gambling behaviour: positive reinforcement and escape. The study hypothesized that the GFA-R could be translated and adopted in the Italian context. The main purpose of this study was to test the factor structure of the Italian version of the GFA-R by means of confirmatory factor analysis, its internal consistency and validity, in a sample of 667 Italian-speaking adults, recruited at universities, banks, offices, industries, markets, public parks and shops in five regions: Piemonte, Veneto, Lazio, Calabria and Puglia. The study found that the scale was internally consistent, and results showed that the original two-factor model fitted the data well. It also found moderate correlations between the GFA-R-I and both SOGS scores and GRCS scores. These results will allow Italian psychologists, educators and policymakers to identify specific contingencies maintaining gambling behaviour (positive reinforcement vs. escape) in the Italian community, detecting people more at risk of developing disordered gambling, with significant improvements in terms of prevention and clinical intervention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 383-394
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1409247
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1409247
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:383-394
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryan J. Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Author-Name: Sarah E. Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Author-Name: Andrew R. Gallucci
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallucci
Author-Name: Joseph G. L. Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph G. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Daily and season-long fantasy sports participation and gambling-related problems among a sample of college students at three universities
Abstract:
Traditionally, fantasy sports have been played in season-long leagues, but recently daily fantasy sports (DFS) have emerged, allowing participants to play fantasy contests over shorter periods of time. Although participating in fantasy sports contests with entry fees or deposits could be considered a form of gambling, very few studies have examined associations between fantasy sport participation and gambling-related problems. Using a 2016 sample of college students (N = 941) at three institutions, this study examined associations between fantasy sports participation (season-long and DFS) and (1) gambling, (2) gambling frequency, and (3) endorsing DSM-5 gambling disorder (GD) criteria. The study found that engagement with fantasy sports and paying to play increased the likelihood of gambling and more frequent gambling. Respondents who paid an entry fee/deposit to play fantasy sports gambled more frequently than those who did not, and respondents who participated in DFS endorsed more DSM-5 GD criteria than those who did not. Because of the association found between DFS play and gambling-related problems in some participants, the study suggests that mental health professionals who treat clients with gambling problems be cognizant of DFS and that some clients might be experiencing problems with DFS.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 395-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1409248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1409248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:395-407
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher John Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher John
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Author-Name: Karen Gonsalkorale
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonsalkorale
Title: Conformity to masculine norms among treatment-seeking male problem gamblers
Abstract:
Men are more likely than women to engage in so-called ‘strategic’ forms of gambling, particularly wagering and casino table games, but the reasons for this preference are unclear. Previous research on male gender roles found that behaviours that are effective at establishing masculinity are those perceived as being risky, skill-based and public – which are also characteristic of these ‘strategic’ forms of gambling. The aim of the current study was to examine the possibility that men may be drawn to wagering and casino table games because these strategic forms of gambling are associated with masculinity. Seventy male treatment-seeking problem gamblers completed a survey on their perceptions of various forms of gambling, and a measure of conformity to masculine norms. Participants reported that being seen as skilled and intelligent, and acting in public were important motivators for both wagering and playing casino table games. Furthermore, individuals who engaged in wagering and casino table games displayed higher levels of conformity to masculine norms than those who preferred gambling on gaming machines. The findings have important implications for the regulation of gambling promotion, the encouragement of help-seeking, and the treatment of gambling disorders in men.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 408-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1429482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1429482
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:408-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone N. Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: Simone N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Alison Cheetham
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheetham
Author-Name: Marissa Dickins
Author-X-Name-First: Marissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Dickins
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: Behaviour change strategies for problem gambling: an analysis of online posts
Abstract:
Reducing or quitting problematic gambling often requires implementing a variety of behaviour change strategies, but there is limited evidence regarding the breadth of specific strategies that gamblers use to control or limit gambling behaviours. This study aimed to identify the range of change strategies reported by gamblers in a naturalistic setting (i.e. two online forums for problem gambling). A total of 2937 change strategies were extracted from online posts (N = 1370). Content analysis identified 27 discrete change strategies that were pre-decisional (i.e. barriers – behavioural and psychological, decisional balance, realization – behaviour and cognitions, set reasons to change, seek knowledge and information, self-assessment), pre-actional (i.e. action planning, commitment, goal setting), actional (i.e. alternative activity, behavioural substitution, avoidance – abstinence, environment and financial, consumption control, maintain readiness, reinforcement, urge management, cognitive restructuring, seek inspiration, self-monitoring and spiritual) and multi-phased (i.e. external support, social support and well-being). This study suggests the breadth and depth of change strategies are far more complex than previously reported. Future research with a broader population needs to determine which change strategies are most effective for those experiencing different levels of gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 420-438
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1432670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1432670
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:420-438
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stergios Xouridas
Author-X-Name-First: Stergios
Author-X-Name-Last: Xouridas
Title: Gambling on Electronic Gaming Machines in Germany: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Abstract:
To provide insights into etiological factors of gambling at the population level, it is critical to document the separate contributions of biological aging, period influences, and birth cohorts on observed temporal trends in gambling. This study investigated age, period, and cohort effects on prevalence rates of electronic gaming machine (EGM) gambling in Germany. We used data from a series of repeated cross-sectional surveys from the Federal Centre for Health Education covering the period 2007–2015. A total of 53,005 participants were surveyed about their past-year participation in EGMs. Using the intrinsic estimator, we disentangled the separate effects of age (16–17 to 64–65 years), period (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015), and birth cohort (1941–42 to 1997–98). Age effects were highest for those aged 18–33 (p < 0.001). Period effects were highest in 2013 and lowest in 2015 (p < 0.005). A significant increasing birth cohort effect was evident in cohorts born between 1985 and 1998 (p < 0.005). Implications of these results are discussed with regard to the vulnerability of younger ages to gambling, period changes in the regulatory framework of Germany, and differential cohort vulnerability of the Millennial generation due to early-life video gaming experiences.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 439-459
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1459776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1459776
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:439-459
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adèle Morvannou
Author-X-Name-First: Adèle
Author-X-Name-Last: Morvannou
Author-Name: Magali Dufour
Author-X-Name-First: Magali
Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour
Author-Name: Eva Monson
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Monson
Author-Name: Élise Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Élise
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Title: Passion for gambling: a scoping review
Abstract:
Investigating factors that influence a person’s ability to control gambling behaviour is important. The Dualistic Model of Passion, which includes both harmonious and obsessive passion, has proposed an original framework for studying these factors. However, the concept of passion as it pertains to the gambling experience remains relatively new and uncharted territory. This study entails a scoping review undertaken to determine the current state of knowledge concerning passion for gambling, and to provide recommendations for future research directions. The majority of studies included report a positive association between obsessive passion and gambling problems, whereas results related to harmonious passion were less consistent. Recommendations stemming from this scoping review include refining understanding of the relationship between obsessive passion and gambling problems, and broadening research aims to include more diverse sampling, methods and variables of interest when examining the overall contribution of passion to gamblers’ lived experiences. A final recommendation is to initiate research to test the utility of the Gambling Passion Scale in prevention and intervention programming.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 460-476
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1459777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1459777
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:460-476
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katie Palmer du Preez
Author-X-Name-First: Katie
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer du Preez
Author-Name: Maria Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Janet Pearson
Author-X-Name-First: Janet
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson
Author-Name: Nicki Dowling
Author-X-Name-First: Nicki
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowling
Author-Name: Aino Suomi
Author-X-Name-First: Aino
Author-X-Name-Last: Suomi
Author-Name: Jane Koziol-Mclain
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Koziol-Mclain
Author-Name: Denise Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Denise
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Alun Jackson
Author-X-Name-First: Alun
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson
Title: Family violence in gambling help-seeking populations
Abstract:
Elevated rates of family violence among treatment-seeking problem gamblers compared to general population estimates have been reported in Spain, Canada and Australia. This study examined the occurrence of family violence among 454 problem gambling help-seeking clients (370 gamblers, 84 affected others) recruited through 3 national gambling treatment services in New Zealand. Measures used were the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and a modified version of the HITS Scale which assessed physical, emotional, verbal and sexual abuse. Past-year family violence among gamblers in this sample was 46.8% for victimization, 41.2% for perpetration and 55.0% for any form of family violence. Among affected others the occurrence was 65.5% for victimization, 57.1% for perpetration and 71.4% for any form of violence. The most common type of violence was verbal intimate partner violence. Affected others and women gamblers reported higher rates of violence victimization and perpetration. These findings underscore the importance of screening gambling help-seeking clients for family violence, and the development of prevention and treatment programmes to address violence in this population, with particular attention to affected others and women gamblers. Future research should assess coercive control and the gendered nature of family violence among problem gambling help-seekers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 477-494
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1480648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1480648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:477-494
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: Loyalty programmes in the gambling industry: potentials for harm and possibilities for harm-minimization
Abstract:
The field of gambling studies has been remarkably silent on loyalty programmes in the gambling industry. This article reviews the scant empirical literature, with an aim to stimulate discussion and research about the impact of loyalty programme membership on players. Preliminary evidence suggests that disordered gamblers are more apt to join a loyalty programme and be disproportionately rewarded (due to the amount of money they spend gambling) relative to recreational and at-risk gamblers. As such, loyalty programmes in the gambling industry may generate harms in vulnerable individuals. However, loyalty programmes may also be well positioned to facilitate harm-minimization by promoting behavioural tracking that is collected on every member – information that can be provided to players to advance responsible gambling. Additionally, members could be rewarded for engagement with responsible gambling tools, which may increase the currently low rate of tool use. That said, structuring loyalty programmes to reward the use of responsible gambling instruments with time on device or even non-monetary prizes may be incompatible with harm-minimization efforts. There exists a need for empirical research on the antecedents and consequences of loyalty programme membership as well as the possibility that loyalty programmes have some responsibility gambling utility.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 495-511
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1480649
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1480649
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:495-511
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stéphanie Baggio
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Baggio
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Vladan Starcevic
Author-X-Name-First: Vladan
Author-X-Name-Last: Starcevic
Author-Name: Jean-Baptiste Richard
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Baptiste
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard
Author-Name: François Beck
Author-X-Name-First: François
Author-X-Name-Last: Beck
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: Gender differences in gambling preferences and problem gambling: a network-level analysis
Abstract:
Most gambling studies have a gender-blind research approach, although a large body of scientific evidence suggests that gambling in females is on the rise and that males and females have different gambling behaviours and experience specific gambling-related harm. This study addressed these gender differences using a network analysis, an innovative approach considering disorders/concepts as dynamic systems of interacting symptoms/items. Data on gambling activities, problem gambling, substance use and mental health were collected in a representative sample of French adult gamblers (n = 8805). The study capitalized on the network analysis directly to compare associations of specific gambling activities with gambling disorder symptoms separately for both genders. The network analysis revealed that problem gambling was strongly associated with gambling machines among females, whereas it was related to sports betting, poker and casino games among males. The networks that included substance use and mental health showed that substance use was related to specific gambling activities. These findings confirm the links between various gender-specific gambling patterns and problem gambling and suggest a need to consider these gender differences to improve prevention efforts. More broadly, the present study further supports the importance of gender differences for gambling research and policy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 512-525
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1495750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1495750
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:512-525
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Y. D. Belanger
Author-X-Name-First: Y. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Belanger
Author-Name: R. J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: R. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: S. Y. Prusak
Author-X-Name-First: S. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Prusak
Title: Tracking the westernization of urban Aboriginal gambling in Canada’s Prairie Provinces
Abstract:
North American Aboriginals have an extensive cultural history of gambling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of modern western gambling on these traditional beliefs. This is the first large-scale study of this issue in Canada. A total of 1114 Aboriginals in 15 cities in Canada’s Prairie Provinces were surveyed, with recruitment occurring at Native Friendship Centres, shopping malls and other locations where Aboriginals congregated. Results showed that ‘gambling’ to most urban Aboriginal people refers to western commercial forms, something distinct from historical traditions. Attitudes toward gambling were negative, except whether Aboriginal provision of western commercial forms was good or bad for Aboriginal people, where opinion was divided. Primary motivations for gambling were the same as for non-Aboriginals: to win money and for entertainment. Although attitudes and motivations were quite similar to non-Aboriginals, overall level of gambling participation was higher, especially for electronic gambling machines, instant lotteries and bingo. It is concluded that Canadian Aboriginals have a largely westernized orientation to western forms of gambling. The policy implication of this finding is that the factors predictive of gambling benefits as well as the factors predictive of gambling harm among Aboriginals do not appear to be culturally unique.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1244698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1244698
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:1-19
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Orestis Giotakos
Author-X-Name-First: Orestis
Author-X-Name-Last: Giotakos
Author-Name: George Tsouvelas
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsouvelas
Author-Name: Evi Spourdalaki
Author-X-Name-First: Evi
Author-X-Name-Last: Spourdalaki
Author-Name: Mari Janikian
Author-X-Name-First: Mari
Author-X-Name-Last: Janikian
Author-Name: Artemis Tsitsika
Author-X-Name-First: Artemis
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsitsika
Author-Name: Antonios Vakirtzis
Author-X-Name-First: Antonios
Author-X-Name-Last: Vakirtzis
Title: Internet gambling in relation to Internet addiction, substance use, online sexual engagement and suicidality in a Greek sample
Abstract:
Research has found gambling to be related to a variety of other addictive behaviours. The study objective was to evaluate the association of Internet gambling with Internet addiction, online sexual engagement, suicidality and substance use, in a sample of Greek adults. The study sample consisted of 789 military personnel. During their annual medical examination the study participants anonymously completed a series of self-reported questionnaires in relation to socio-demographic data, Internet gambling practices, online sexual engagement, Internet addiction, suicidality and psychoactive substance use. We found that Internet addiction significantly predicted engagement with online gambling, followed by substance use in general, and, in particular, the use of cocaine or heroin. Finally, two other predictive indicators were self-reported suicide attempts and engagement with online sex. Online gambling is associated with various behaviours related to impulsivity such as Internet addiction, online sexual engagement, suicidality and substance use. Future research will increase our knowledge on the contribution of new technologies and the Internet in Internet gambling dimensions, as well as on the associations with other high-risk behaviours such as substance use, pornography and suicidality.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 20-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1251605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1251605
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:20-29
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Kamryn T. Eddy
Author-X-Name-First: Kamryn T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eddy
Author-Name: Jennifer J. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Title: Me, myself and money: having a financially focused self-concept and its consequences for disordered gambling
Abstract:
The article describes a test of the hypothesis that some people’s self-concept is overly focused on financial success and that this focus contributes to disordered gambling. Study 1 reported on the development and validation of the Financially Focused Scale (FFS) with a sample of community gamblers (N = 197). As predicted, participants whose self-concept was financially focused attached greater importance to the money they possess as a domain of self-worth. They also indicated that the money they possess is a more important domain of self-worth relative to other life domains. Importantly, greater financial focus was a positive predictor of disordered gambling severity and did so over and above other known predictors of disordered gambling severity (i.e. personal income, Big-Five personality domains, global self-esteem, personal relative deprivation and materialism). Study 2 (N = 220) replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 by examining the motivational mechanisms that may link being financially focused with disordered gambling severity. As hypothesized, monetary gambling motives mediated the relationship between participants’ FFS scores and disordered gambling severity. Having a financially focused self-concept may play a critical role in the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Addressing this self-concept in treatment may help alleviate gambling disorder.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 30-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1252414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1252414
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:30-50
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathryn J. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Neil Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Henrietta Bowden-Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Henrietta
Author-X-Name-Last: Bowden-Jones
Author-Name: Survjit Cheeta
Author-X-Name-First: Survjit
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheeta
Title: Gambling disorder and suicidality within the UK: an analysis investigating mental health and gambling severity as risk factors to suicidality
Abstract:
Greater severities of gambling behaviour and poorer mental health have been identified in the literature as risk factors for suicidality within gambling disorder (GD) populations. This is the first known study within the UK to use empirical data, taken from a UK treatment clinic for GD (National Problem Gambling Clinic, UK) to explore the associations between current suicidality (thoughts and plans) and measures assessing gambling severity and mental health. Self-report data from 122 participants were collected during the intake process at the clinic through a variety of methods including the use of questionnaires and a standardized 90-minute interview with a psychologist. Reported suicidality was high (current suicidal thoughts [28.7%] and plans [6.6%]), yet only one measure of gambling severity (estimated total losses) was found to be inversely associated with suicidality. Indices of poorer mental health were found to have a greater association with suicidality than measures of gambling severity, and a logistic regression analysis identified depressive symptomology and a history of psychiatric disorder in the participants’ family as significant factors associated with suicidality. Overall, within GD populations, factors associated with poorer mental health rather than gambling severity are seemingly a greater risk factor in patients with suicidality.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 51-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1257648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1257648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:51-64
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louise Francis
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Francis
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Author-Name: Angela Rintoul
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Rintoul
Title: Analysis of EGM licensing decisions by the gambling regulator, Victoria, Australia
Abstract:
Gambling expansion is commonly justified in public discourse by claims of community benefit, increased employment and capital investment. Compared to other jurisdictions, the Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) license process in Victoria, Australia, is relatively transparent and amenable to analysis. This article describes research that assessed factors relevant to EGM license decisions made by Victoria’s gambling regulator between 2007 and 2014. During the period under review, the regulator granted 144 of 154 applications, finding that approving these applications would not be detrimental to relevant communities. Most commonly cited factors supporting approvals were commitments to undertake capital works, contribute to community purposes and increase employment. The regulator overwhelmingly agreed that supportive factors would balance harms, such as problem gambling, high levels of expenditure or socio-economic disadvantage. This research demonstrates the difficulty of balancing apparently quantifiable benefits against less readily measurable gambling-related harms in regulatory decision-making. The study found that harms were poorly conceived and understood inadequately and supportive factors frequently overstated. This process may lead to unnecessarily high levels of community harm, contradicting the purposes of the relevant legislation. The article suggests that better, more consistently applied principles are required to ensure the more rigorous scrutiny of supportive factors and improved understanding of gambling harms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 65-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1263353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1263353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:65-86
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gaëtan Devos
Author-X-Name-First: Gaëtan
Author-X-Name-Last: Devos
Author-Name: Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
Author-X-Name-First: Gaëlle
Author-X-Name-Last: Challet-Bouju
Author-Name: Jonathan Burnay
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Burnay
Author-Name: Pierre Maurage
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Maurage
Author-Name: Marie Grall-Bronnec
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Grall-Bronnec
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: Adaptation and validation of the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F) in a sample of French-speaking gamblers
Abstract:
Previous research has identified specific gambling motives and linked them with both healthy and disordered gambling. The Gambling Motives Questionnaire (GMQ) is currently the most widely used measure for these motives. The present study aimed to offer a French validation of the latest version of this scale, the GMQ-Financial (GMQ-F), which measures four distinct motives (enhancement, social, coping, financial). The French GMQ-F was completed by 278 gamblers from the community and 22 treatment-seeking pathological gamblers, along with scales assessing gambling cognitions, impulsivity, disordered gambling symptoms and psychopathological symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the expected four-factor model. The GMQ-F subscales have good internal reliability. Validity of the GMQ-F is supported by specific correlations with the other constructs measured. Pathological gamblers differed from gamblers from the community on all but one (social) of the GMQ-F subscales. The French GMQ-F presents good psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable instrument for measuring gambling motives in research and clinical practice.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 87-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1264080
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1264080
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:87-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan F. Navas
Author-X-Name-First: Juan F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Navas
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Author-Name: Ana Perandrés-Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Perandrés-Gómez
Author-Name: Francisca López-Torrecillas
Author-X-Name-First: Francisca
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Torrecillas
Author-Name: Antonio Cándido
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Cándido
Author-Name: José C. Perales
Author-X-Name-First: José C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Perales
Title: Impulsivity traits and gambling cognitions associated with gambling preferences and clinical status
Abstract:
Impulsivity (and related traits reward/punishment sensitivity and tolerance to delayed rewards) and gambling cognitions have been linked to gambling. However, their independent associations with gambling preferences and clinical status have never been dissociated. The current study applied a data-driven strategy to identify gambling preferences, based on gambling frequency in several modalities. The two resulting factors were used to classify gambling disorder patients (GDPs) and non-problem recreational gamblers (RGs) into Type I (preferring cards, casino games and skill-based bets) and Type II (preferring slot machines, lotteries/pools and bingo). Participants were assessed in impulsivity, delay discounting, reward/punishment sensitivity, gambling-related cognitions, gambling severity, gambling frequency and average amount gambled per episode. GDPs scored higher than RGs in positive and negative urgency, delay discounting, reward sensitivity and intensity of gambling-related cognitions, but less in lack of perseverance. Additionally, Type II gamblers had greater difficulties delaying gratification, whereas Type I gamblers showed higher cognitive distortion and reward sensitivity levels. In practical terms, the finding that some characteristics are equally pervasive in disordered gamblers independently of their preferences (affect-driven impulsivity), whereas others (distorted cognitions, reward sensitivity, delay discounting) are more prominent in one type or the other, provides a basis to establish targets’ priority in therapy.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 102-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1275739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1275739
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:102-124
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandeep Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Sandeep
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Author-Name: R. Nicholas Carleton
Author-X-Name-First: R. Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Carleton
Title: Use of online crowdsourcing platforms for gambling research
Abstract:
Crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon’s Mechnical Turk and Crowdflower have been touted to be a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of behavioural data. Across four large-n studies, gambling-related behaviours, tendencies and traits among participants in these labour markets were examined. In Studies 1 and 2, both conducted on Crowdflower, problem gamblers (as measured by the benchmark Problem Gambling Severity Index) comprised 24.5% and 21.9% of participants, respectively. In Study 3, conducted on Mechanical Turk, problem gamblers comprised 9.0% of participants. In Study 4, a two-wave longitudinal study conducted on Crowdflower, problem gamblers comprised 13.5% of participants in wave one and 14.8% of participants in wave two. In Studies 2 and 3, strong convergent associations were demonstrated across various measures of problem gambling tendencies and general gambling involvement. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that gambling was associated with personality traits (impulsivity, sensation-seeking, self-control), risk attitudes, affect, and behavioural risk-taking consistent with previous research. In Study 4, it was demonstrated that measures of problem gambling have acceptable test-retest reliability. Online crowdsourcing platforms appear to offer access to samples with remarkably high proportions of problem gamblers. However, this characteristic means that such samples are not necessarily representative of gambling tendencies among more general populations.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 125-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1284250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1284250
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:125-143
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jirka Konietzny
Author-X-Name-First: Jirka
Author-X-Name-Last: Konietzny
Title: No risk, no fun: implications for positioning of online casinos
Abstract:
This study uses textual content analysis of online casinos to provide insights into how operators position themselves in the market. Qualitative data from the About Us pages of 19 online gambling websites is gathered and analysed using DICTION software. The resulting z-scores are further analysed using the Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) function in the FactoMineR software package. Results indicate that the casinos investigated group into three distinct and meaningful clusters (activity/realism; low certainty; high certainty). The results confirm that this exploratory methodology, which combines computerized lexical analysis using DICTION and HCPC, is able to identify positioning differences. In addition, the presence of a relationship between identified clusters and casino rankings is also considered. Its confirmation suggests that casinos that emphasize risk (low certainty) are more likely to obtain higher rankings. The Web has provided a platform for a global online gambling industry where differentiation and positioning is crucial. Therefore, managers need to emphasize in their online and offline communication the often-held perception that one of the attractions of gambling is the thrill or excitement of beating the odds. Limitations are noted and possible areas for further research are indicated.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 144-159
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1288754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1288754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:1:p:144-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanna Nordmyr
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Nordmyr
Author-Name: Karin Österman
Author-X-Name-First: Karin
Author-X-Name-Last: Österman
Title: Raising the legal gambling age in Finland: problem gambling prevalence rates in different age groups among past-year gamblers pre- and post-implementation
Abstract:
This article reports on the frequency of problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet instrument, in different age groups among Finnish past-year gamblers in 2011 (n = 2984) and 2014 (n = 2326). The data highlights the situation before, and three years after, the implementation of a raised minimum age limit for gambling from 15 to 18 years. The difference in problem gambling frequency when comparing all age groups was statistically significant in 2011, but not in 2014. A significantly lower frequency of problem gambling was found among 18–19-year-olds in 2014 (3.4%), compared to 2011 (16.3%). The results regarding problem gambling prevalence among 15–17-year-olds (8.0% in 2011, 0.0% in 2014) are somewhat inconclusive as the number of respondents fulfilling the criteria for problem gambling was zero in 2014, thus affecting the analysis. No statistically significant difference in problem gambling frequency was found among 20–21-year-olds (a group less affected by the policy implementation) – or other older age groups – between the survey years. While the findings should be viewed with caution, they do support recommendations regarding a minimum gambling age of 18 years or higher as an effective harm-minimization measure.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 347-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1207698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1207698
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:347-356
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christelle Luce
Author-X-Name-First: Christelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Luce
Author-Name: Louise Nadeau
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Nadeau
Author-Name: Sylvia Kairouz
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kairouz
Title: Pathways and transitions of gamblers over two years
Abstract:
Moderate-risk and problem gamblers represent 1.4% and 0.4% of the Québec population, respectively. Research on gamblers’ trajectories has been hampered by methodological shortcomings leading to heterogeneous results. The present research was conducted in the Province of Québec with a representative sample of adult gamblers and aims to explore how gamblers change over time according to the severity of their gambling problems. Using a 2-year follow-up prospective design (3 waves), 179 gamblers selected from a representative survey were divided into the 4 PGSI (Problem Gambling Severity Index) categories. Beyond the decreasing trend in PGSI scores detected within the overall sample using a linear growth model, our analyses revealed that moderate-risk gamblers are heterogeneous in their composition and evolution, comprising stable moderate-risk, recent cases and former problem gamblers. Over three waves, one-third of moderate-risk gamblers improved, one-third remained stable and one-third became problem gamblers. The subgroups transitioning in and out of the moderate-risk category differed in terms of reported changes in gambling behaviours and consequences. Problem gamblers remain vulnerable over time, being at risk of experiencing chronic problems. Results highlight the necessity of subgroup-specific prevention programmes and treatment services that address both the non-linearity of risky gambling and the chronicity of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 357-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1209780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1209780
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:357-372
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esther C. L. Goh
Author-X-Name-First: Esther C. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goh
Author-Name: Vincent Ng
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng
Author-Name: Brenda S. A. Yeoh
Author-X-Name-First: Brenda S. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeoh
Title: The family exclusion order as a harm-minimisation measure for casino gambling: the case of Singapore
Abstract:
Singapore is one of the first jurisdictions in the world that has implemented a harm minimization model based on third party exclusion known as the Family Exclusion Order (FEO). Unlike other forms of third party exclusion practiced in other countries, family members in Singapore are able to apply for FEOs to prevent a gambler from entering the casinos, if the family has experienced harm caused by his/her gambling. In this study, 105 applicants for the FEO were sampled from all successful FEOs granted within a five-year period. Using a qualitative approach, this study attempts to illuminate the intricate issues experienced by family members that provided the impetus for them to apply for the FEO. While the extant literature posits self-exclusion as a superior tool of restraint as it involves the gambler’s personal motivation to curb gambling, this paper reports initial evidence of benefits resulting from family-imposed restraints from the perspective of family members. In particular, positive ratings of the FEO stemmed from a sense of relief experienced by mother and wife applicants. Possible reasons behind these positive outcomes are explicated using intrinsic motivation theory, with sensitivity to gender relations within the family.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 373-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1211169
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1211169
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:373-390
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Title: Gambling-related embezzlement in the workplace: a qualitative study
Abstract:
People with severe gambling problems typically first spend all their available money on gambling and then resort to borrowing, selling personal property and other ways of procuring more money for gambling. Some problem gamblers commit economic crimes. This investigation examined gambling-related embezzlement in the workplace, an aspect of problem gambling that may severely harm the gambler, significant others and the employer. The methods used are the study of newspaper articles and qualitative interviews with 18 informants, including professionals in workplace security and drug-use prevention, therapists specializing in problem gambling treatment, counsellors from mutual support societies, and recovered problem gamblers who had embezzled. Gambling-related embezzlement often progresses in a characteristic sequence shaped by specific processes in which the gambler’s thoughts and emotions interact systemically with the monetary losses caused by participating in commercial gambling and the opportunity to embezzle money in the workplace. In this study, criminological theory of white collar crime usefully complemented psychological theories of problem gambling. It is concluded that a processual perspective, in addition to consideration of psychological and environmental factors, is valuable for understanding the progression to severe problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 391-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1214165
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1214165
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:391-407
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joanne Lloyd
Author-X-Name-First: Joanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd
Author-Name: Keith Hawton
Author-X-Name-First: Keith
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawton
Author-Name: William H. Dutton
Author-X-Name-First: William H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutton
Author-Name: John R. Geddes
Author-X-Name-First: John R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Geddes
Author-Name: Guy M. Goodwin
Author-X-Name-First: Guy M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin
Author-Name: Robert D. Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: Robert D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Title: Thoughts and acts of self-harm, and suicidal ideation, in online gamblers
Abstract:
Gambling problems have been linked to suicidal ideation and enhanced risk of suicide attempts. However, we know very little about the factors associated with either thoughts or acts of self-harm amongst people who gamble. A web-based study of 4125 online gamblers (79% males; mean age 35.5 years), analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, revealed that self-reported non-gambling-related self-harm was negatively related to age and marital status, and positively related to problematic alcohol use. Self-reported acts of self-harm both related and unrelated to gambling were associated with drug misuse. Thoughts and acts of gambling-related self-harm were associated with problem gambling, gambling involvement and parental problem gambling. All types of self-harm were associated with mood disorder symptoms, unemployment and certain gambling motivations. When tailoring assessment and interventions for individuals at risk for gambling-related deliberate self-harm, it is important to recognize that contributory factors may include some that differ from those for deliberate self-harm in general, and that there is potential value in evaluating gambling involvement and motivations, and history of parental gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 408-423
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1214166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1214166
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:408-423
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Title: Adolescents’ perceptions of parental influences on commercial and simulated gambling activities
Abstract:
Parents can have a major influence on young people’s access to and participation in gambling activities. However, with the rise of digital online gambling, there is greater potential for young people to freely explore and engage in gambling activities without parental oversight. This study examined perceived parental influences on adolescents’ gambling activities, including differences in these influences across commercial and simulated types of activities, and the association between parental influences and problem gambling symptoms. A survey of 824 adolescents from 3 secondary schools was conducted. The results indicated that financial gambling was usually facilitated by a parent, particularly for scratch tickets and sports betting. Simulated gambling activities, such as social casino games, tended to be reported as being unsupervised by parents. Young people’s perceptions of parents’ measures to limit, restrict or oversee online and electronic activities were not significantly associated with youth simulated gambling. Their perceptions of parental influences were not significant predictors of problem gambling behaviours. This study underscores the need to examine potential differences in how adolescents develop an understanding of different gambling activities without parental influences, and adds to the continuing debate on the necessity of regulation and other countermeasures to limit young people’s access to simulated gambling activities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 424-441
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1220611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1220611
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:424-441
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hui Shan Rebecca Ong
Author-X-Name-First: Hui Shan Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Ong
Author-Name: Chao-Xu Peh
Author-X-Name-First: Chao-Xu
Author-X-Name-Last: Peh
Author-Name: P.V. Asharani
Author-X-Name-First: P.V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Asharani
Author-Name: Song Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Song
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Title: Factor structure of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale among treatment-seeking adults in Singapore
Abstract:
The revised 12-item Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) is a measure designed to assess gambling symptom severity. However, its factor structure has not been examined. The present study investigates the factor structure of the G-SAS based on a treatment-seeking population in Singapore. Participants were 521 patients presenting with problem gambling at a tertiary psychiatric hospital. Patients completed the G-SAS, gambling-related measures and the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), and were assessed by a psychiatrist for pathological gambling (PG) based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution, with factors indicating (1) gambling impulse and (2) adverse consequences. Together, both factors explained for 77.10% of variance in G-SAS scores. The two-factor model was subsequently confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, G-SAS scores were associated with multiple gambling-related indicators and discriminated between patients with and without a diagnosis of PG. Findings from the study suggest that the G-SAS consists of two factors, and is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of gambling symptom severity in clinical settings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 442-454
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1223149
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1223149
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:442-454
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel C. Peter
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Peter
Author-Name: James P. Whelan
Author-X-Name-First: James P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan
Author-Name: Meredith K. Ginley
Author-X-Name-First: Meredith K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ginley
Author-Name: Rory A. Pfund
Author-X-Name-First: Rory A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pfund
Author-Name: Katherine K. Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Andrew W. Meyers
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyers
Title: Disordered gamblers with and without ADHD: the role of coping in elevated psychological distress
Abstract:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is significantly more prevalent among disordered gamblers than in the general adult population. Despite this, it remains unclear whether co-occurring ADHD is associated with clinically significant differences that call for specialized assessments and treatment planning. The purpose of this article was to explore differences in psychological distress and coping strategies among individuals presenting to an outpatient gambling treatment centre with and without co-occurring adult ADHD. Participants (n = 99) were primarily female (69%) and Caucasian (86%) outpatient treatment-seeking disordered gamblers. At intake, individuals completed self-report measures of coping (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations – Adult Form), psychological distress (Beck Depression Inventory II) and ADHD (Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales – Adult Form). Results indicated that individuals with ADHD (n = 42) reported significantly more psychological distress and less adaptive coping strategies than those without co-occurring ADHD (n = 57). Mediation analyses showed that an ADHD diagnosis had an indirect effect on psychological distress via the mediator of maladaptive coping. Assessment and treatment should be tailored to address the variety of presentations of gambling disorder. Screening for ADHD at intake may be helpful in creating an individualized treatment plan for disordered gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 455-469
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1231211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1231211
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:455-469
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Leino
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Leino
Author-Name: Torbjørn Torsheim
Author-X-Name-First: Torbjørn
Author-X-Name-Last: Torsheim
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Dominic Sagoe
Author-X-Name-First: Dominic
Author-X-Name-Last: Sagoe
Author-Name: Helge Molde
Author-X-Name-First: Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Molde
Title: An empirical real-world study of losses disguised as wins in electronic gaming machines
Abstract:
Losses disguised as wins (LDWs) appear to reinforce gambling persistence. However, little research has examined this phenomenon with real gamblers in natural gambling settings. We aimed to examine the relationship between within-session outcome size and subsequent gambling persistence. Account-based gambling data of individuals playing LDW games over a randomly selected day (2,035,339 bets made by 8636 individuals) was examined. We used a logistic mixed effects model to examine the relationship between the outcome of the previous bet (loss, LDW and real wins) and the odds of continuing betting in a game session. The odds of continuing betting in a game session were positively associated with the outcome of the previous bet. Compared to LDWs, losses lowered the odds of continuing a game session. In contrast, real wins implied greater odds of continuing a game session compared to LDWs. It is concluded that LDWs increase the likelihood of continuing betting compared to losses, but decrease the likelihood of continuing to gamble compared to real wins. As LDWs increase the number of bets made within a gambling session, and hence within-session gambling persistence, LDWs may potentially play an etiological role in the development of gambling problems over time.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 470-480
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1232433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1232433
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:470-480
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena C. Quilty
Author-X-Name-First: Lena C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quilty
Author-Name: Daniela S. S. Lobo
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela S. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lobo
Author-Name: Martin Zack
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zack
Author-Name: Courtney Crewe-Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Courtney
Author-X-Name-Last: Crewe-Brown
Author-Name: Alexander Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Hitting the jackpot: the influence of monetary payout on gambling behaviour
Abstract:
Restrictions on monetary payout may promote player engagement in gambling as a form of entertainment rather than as a source of income. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of monetary prize magnitude upon gambling behaviour in a community sample, and the degree to which this association is moderated by gambling risk factors. One hundred and eighty-seven adults completed an online survey assessing motivation, impulsivity and affect. Participants were given a series of vignettes and asked to estimate how much they would gamble to win monetary prizes of increasing amounts with and without accrued gambling debt. Participants reported increased gambling in response to increased monetary payout. Debt moderated these outcomes, such that electronic gaming machine (EGM) and lottery expenditures and number of lottery games played decreased with increased debt; this effect was most pronounced at elevated monetary prizes. The association between duration of EGM play and monetary payout was moderated by gender only. Results suggest that self-reported gambling behaviours increased with monetary payout even across qualitatively different gambling products, and across gamblers with different motivations for gambling, levels of impulsivity, and negative affect. The restriction of monetary payouts warrants further research attention as a form of problem gambling prevention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 481-499
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1242022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1242022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:481-499
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stéphanie Baggio
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Baggio
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: André Berchtold
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Berchtold
Author-Name: Katia Iglesias
Author-X-Name-First: Katia
Author-X-Name-Last: Iglesias
Title: Co-morbidity of gambling and Internet use among Internet and land-based gamblers: classic and network approaches
Abstract:
This study investigated co-morbidity of problem gambling and problematic Internet use (PIU) among adolescent Internet and land-based gamblers, with the classic approach using sum-scores of symptoms and a promising new method, namely the network perspective. This perspective allows testing for how multiple disorders are associated, showing symptoms overlap and centralities. We used cross-sectional data from two population-based samples of adolescents aged 17 years in France (n = 2,240) and Switzerland (n = 944). Measures included Internet gambling, problem gambling and PIU. The classic approach showed that Internet gambling was associated with increased levels of disordered gambling and PIU, but that correlations between disorders were weak (R2 min = 3.2%, R2 max = 17.6%). The network perspective showed that the co-morbid network of Internet gamblers was more connected in comparison with land-based gamblers. Problem gambling and PIU appeared as separate disorders, but their relationship was increased among Internet gamblers in comparison with land-based gamblers. The network perspective appeared as a promising avenue for a better understanding of addictive disorders, but it should not replace the classic approach, which showed increased levels of addictive behaviours among Internet gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 500-517
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1242148
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2016.1242148
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:16:y:2016:i:3:p:500-517
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: About the Contributors
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 151-153
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157590
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:151-153
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William R. Eadington
Author-X-Name-First: William R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eadington
Author-Name: Ricardo C.S. Siu
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo C.S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Siu
Title: Between Law and Custom—Examining the Interaction between Legislative Change and the Evolution of Macao's Casino Industry
Abstract: This paper examines the evolution of regulatory and business structures of the casino industry in Macao in the context of its current rapidly changing legal and economic environment. This analysis discusses the interaction between legislative change and the evolution of Macao's casino industry from the middle of the nineteenth century to the present. The role of institutions, the process of institutional change and their interrelationships with the industry's performance in both the short and the long run are examined. Models are developed to explain the relaxation of formal constraints that permit the main stakeholders to maximize economic rents within the historic and current context of Macao casinos. The paper also discusses some of the business practices and regulatory challenges that will confront Macao's casino industry in the years ahead.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:1-28
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fanny Vong
Author-X-Name-First: Fanny
Author-X-Name-Last: Vong
Title: The Psychology of Risk-taking in Gambling among Chinese Visitors to Macau
Abstract: The study attempts to replicate Zaleskiewicz's duality of risk-taking using the Stimulating-Instrumental Risk Inventory (SIRI) in the context of gambling participation among Mainland Chinese visitors to Macau. The objective was to examine if different risk-taking inclinations among Chinese gambling participants are associated with their gambling attitude, motivation and behaviour. Results found that stimulating risk-taking disposition was associated with motivations related to money, excitement, competition, challenge and a liking for risk. Stimulating risk-taking disposition was also associated with gambling expenditure. Interestingly, further results indicated that Chinese gamblers have a tendency to seek both exciting sensations as well as an opportunity to make money from gambling. Both stimulating risk-taking and profit-seeking instrumental risk-taking dispositions were associated with gambling attitude, games preference and gambling participation. Results may help to explain why Chinese are generally more serious and hard-core gamblers than their Western counterparts.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 29-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157731
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:29-42
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John McMullan
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: McMullan
Author-Name: David Perrier
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrier
Title: The Security of Gambling and Gambling with Security: Hacking, Law Enforcement and Public Policy
Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between criminal organization and social control in the area of computer crime. We examine a ‘cheat at play’ scheme that hacked into electronic gambling machines. We focus on how these cyber-attacks were committed and on the ability of the state and the industry to control them. We compare and contrast our findings with the research on hacking and the gambling industry and conclude by discussing the implications that our research has for law enforcement, security and consumer protection.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 43-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157764
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:43-58
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Title: Self-exclusion: A Proposed Gateway to Treatment Model
Abstract: Self-exclusion is a programme utilized by the gaming industry to limit access to gaming opportunities for problem gamblers. It is based on the following principles: (1) The gaming industry recognizes that a proportion of community members gamble excessively and have difficulty controlling gambling behaviours; (2) The gaming industry has a responsibility to provide a safe gaming environment and to assist in minimizing the negative impact on individuals displaying problem gambling behaviours; (3) Individuals must accept personal responsibility for limiting gambling behaviours to affordable levels; and (4) Self-exclusion is not a treatment designed to address psychological processes. The objective of the present paper is to propose a unifying structure for self-exclusion programmes as a gateway to treatment based on a system operated by independent ‘educators’ whose roles and responsibilities include informing individuals of the purpose of self-exclusion, establishing links and a gateway for access to supplementary services and monitoring and reporting the effectiveness of the overall programme.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 59-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:59-71
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James R. Westphal
Author-X-Name-First: James R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Westphal
Author-Name: Lera Joyce Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Lera Joyce
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Title: Multiple Co-occurring Behaviours among Gamblers in Treatment: Implications and Assessment
Abstract: A substantial portion of gamblers in treatment may have co-occurring mental health disorders including substance use disorders, especially alcohol dependency, personality disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders and impulse control disorders. Co-occurring mental health disorders affect treatment seeking, the treatment process and its outcome, quality of life and functioning in many mental health disorders. Participants in this study were 78 adults enrolled in state-supported out-patient services for pathological gambling and current Gamblers Anonymous attendees. The majority of participants (76.6%) had co-occurring behaviours; 55.8% had multiple co-occurring behaviours. Participants with multiple co-occurring behaviours were more likely to report that a co-occurring behaviour increased the severity of their gambling symptoms. A dose/response relationship between number of co-occurring behaviours and severity of gambling problems was found. Co-occurring behaviours can interact with gambling behaviour. Brief, validated screening instruments are available for screening and diagnosing co-occurring behaviours among gamblers presenting for treatment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 73-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157905
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:73-99
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tian Po S. Oei
Author-X-Name-First: Tian Po S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oei
Author-Name: James Lin
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Namrata Raylu
Author-X-Name-First: Namrata
Author-X-Name-Last: Raylu
Title: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Gambling Urges Scale (GUS-C)
Abstract: Gambling urges have been reported to be an important variable in the maintenance of gambling problems. Certain researchers have also reported higher rates of problem gambling among the Chinese compared to the Caucasians. However, little is known regarding the role of gambling urges among the Chinese, partly due to the lack of validated instruments to assess gambling urges in Chinese samples. This study aimed to examine and validate the Chinese version of the Gambling Urges Scale (GUS-C), which was based on the six-item GUS (Raylu, N. and Oei, T.P.S. 2004.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, pp. 100–105). Confirmatory Factory Analysis using a sample of 422 Chinese community participants (221 Australian and 201 Taiwanese residents) confirmed that a one-factor model was the best fit for the data. Both the reliability and validity of the GUS-C were sound, indicating that the GUS-C is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing gambling urges among non-clinical Chinese samples.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 101-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601157970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601157970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:101-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harvey H.C. Marmurek
Author-X-Name-First: Harvey H.C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marmurek
Author-Name: Karen Finlay
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Finlay
Author-Name: Vinay Kanetkar
Author-X-Name-First: Vinay
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanetkar
Author-Name: Jane Londerville
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Londerville
Title: The Influence of Music on Estimates of At-risk Gambling Intentions: An Analysis by Casino Design
Abstract: This research examined the relationship between casino atmosphere and at-risk gambling intentions (likelihood of gambling beyond planned levels). Video simulations were developed to represent two models of casino design. The playground design is distinguished by spaciousness, pleasing décor elements, green space and moving water. The gaming design focuses entirely on the gambling machines and features low ceilings and crowded gaming areas. Two simulations of each casino design were created by including either ambient gambling sounds or by replacing those sounds with a music track. Measures of psychological reactions and at-risk gambling intentions for the four settings were collected from 101 (56 males) gamblers. Music increased perceived at-risk gambling intentions in the playground setting. At-risk intentions, however, decreased with music for the gaming design. This study suggests atmospheric variations within a casino should be tailored to the specific macro gaming environment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 113-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601158002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601158002
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:113-122
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Livingstone
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Livingstone
Title: Book Reviews
Journal:
Pages: 145-149
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790601158028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790601158028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:145-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Max W. Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Dave Clarke
Author-X-Name-First: Dave
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke
Title: Prospective Problem Gambling Research: Contribution and Potential
Abstract: Investigation of problem gambling has relied heavily on retrospective and cross-sectional studies of problem gamblers in clinical and community settings. While making a useful contribution, studies of this type have inherent limitations with respect to the examination of change and the determination of risk and protective factors for problem onset and progression. This article critically reviews general and special population studies that have employed prospective designs. While few in number, recent in execution and typically methodologically compromised, findings from these studies significantly challenge core assumptions about the nature, development and measurement of problem gambling and raise important questions for future research. These substantive matters are considered, along with identification of conceptual and methodological shortcomings that require remedy if prospective research is to fulfil its potential. This potential is profound—to serve as both catalyst and vehicle to move the field from its rather disjointed preoccupation with description and distribution to become a theory driven, cumulative science of problem gambling determinants and consequences.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 123-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790701261714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790701261714
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:7:y:2007:i:1:p:123-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H. Molde
Author-X-Name-First: H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Molde
Author-Name: R. Mentzoni
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mentzoni
Author-Name: D. Hanss
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanss
Author-Name: D. Sagoe
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sagoe
Author-Name: S. L. Andersen
Author-X-Name-First: S. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen
Author-Name: S. Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: People around you – do they matter? An experimental gambling study
Abstract:
The presence of others is assumed to intensify gambling behaviour. However, empirical findings are mixed. Against this backdrop, a gambling simulation experiment was designed, comprising three conditions (gambling alone, gambling with two unfamiliar others and gambling with two familiar others). A total of 136 participants were recruited and assigned to one of the conditions. Win-sequence (‘early’, ‘middle’ and ‘late’) was a sub-condition. The gambling simulation was based on the electronic gaming machine (EGM). The dependent repeated measures were ‘Total trials gambled’, ‘Bet size’, ‘Reaction time’ and ‘Credit’. Several univariate mixed regression models were fitted. Contrary to expectations, participants gambling alone gambled on average more trials, placed their bets faster and lost fewer credits over time compared to those gambling with other participants. Participants receiving reinforcements mainly during the first part of the session showed more persistence within the gambling session in comparison with participants receiving winnings mainly at a later stage of the session. This suggests that the arousal induced by fellow participants facilitated a standard of maximizing actual returns, resulting in a loss-avoidance strategy. As attitudes toward gambling in Norway are relatively negative, the results could also reflect normative group pressure or fear of negative evaluation from others.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 349-365
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1333130
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1333130
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:349-365
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. Shannon
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shannon
Author-Name: F. Anjoul
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anjoul
Author-Name: A. Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Mapping the proportional distribution of gambling-related harms in a clinical and community sample
Abstract:
Excessive gambling results in a range of diverse harms experienced by individuals and their family members. However, little consideration has been given to specifically assessing such harms. Despite recent attempts to comprehensively ‘list’ and describe the ‘wide net’ of specific harms, what remains particularly unclear is the best way to measure the presence of harm and quantify its relationship to gambling. This article proposes a two-step method for quantifying gambling-related harm. From the literature, 104 questions assessing 48 items of harm were categorized into seven domains. Items were administered to 391 clinical and 151 community gamblers. Results suggest that while high-impact harms such as suicide and divorce are commonly associated with problem gambling, the reported frequency is low. Most gamblers sustain low-impact harms such as reduced savings and worry. This study presents the evaluation of specific gambling-related harms distributed in a clinical and community sample taking into account severity and its relationship to gambling behaviours. It is concluded that gambling-related harms negatively impact on quality of life with a minority suffering more severe harms. It is argued that the proposed two-step methodology provides a basis for developing a psychometrically valid measure of gambling-related harm.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 366-385
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1333131
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1333131
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:366-385
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frédéric Dussault
Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric
Author-X-Name-Last: Dussault
Author-Name: Natacha Brunelle
Author-X-Name-First: Natacha
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunelle
Author-Name: Sylvia Kairouz
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kairouz
Author-Name: Michel Rousseau
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau
Author-Name: Danielle Leclerc
Author-X-Name-First: Danielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Leclerc
Author-Name: Joël Tremblay
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Tremblay
Author-Name: Marie-Marthe Cousineau
Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Marthe
Author-X-Name-Last: Cousineau
Author-Name: Magali Dufour
Author-X-Name-First: Magali
Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour
Title: Transition from playing with simulated gambling games to gambling with real money: a longitudinal study in adolescence
Abstract:
Digital technology advances have supported an expansion of gambling activities, which is notable via the advent of simulated gambling games. Simulated gambling reproduces ‘real’ gambling activities, which enables the users to gamble without investing money. According to research evidence, a certain number of adolescents are playing with these games, but until now little has been known about how they could facilitate the migration to gambling with real money. Using a longitudinal design with a one-year interval period, the goal of this study was to assess the potential transition between playing with simulated gambling and the initiation to gambling with real money. The final sample was constituted of 1220 adolescents (age range = 14 to 18 y.o.) who had never played with real money at the first measurement time. At the second measurement time, 28.8% of the participants had gambled for the first time with real money. Logistic regressions revealed that the predictive association between simulated gambling and gambling with real money only holds for adolescents who transitioned from simulated poker to poker with real money. These findings highlight the need for regulation and monitoring on Internet gambling poker sites, as well as further research to assess the mechanisms at work.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 386-400
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1343366
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1343366
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:386-400
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben J. Riley
Author-X-Name-First: Ben J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Riley
Author-Name: Amii Larsen
Author-X-Name-First: Amii
Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen
Author-Name: Malcolm Battersby
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm
Author-X-Name-Last: Battersby
Author-Name: Peter Harvey
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Harvey
Title: Problem gambling among female prisoners: lifetime prevalence, help-seeking behaviour and association with incarceration
Abstract:
The widespread introduction of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) in Australia has seen problem gambling (PG) rates soar over the past decade. This has been particularly apparent among women, with presentations to gambling help services increasing fivefold, and 90% of them indicating EGMs as the problem. Prisoners represent a group containing the highest PG rate found in any population. Despite a sharp increase in PG among women and the well-established link between offenders and PG, little data exists concerning PG among female prisoners. This study examined lifetime prevalence of PG among female prisoners in South Australia. The Early Intervention Gambling Health Test was administered to 74 female prisoners. Previous help-seeking behaviour and association with incarceration were also examined. Sixty-four percent of respondents indicated PG with one in six reporting they were incarcerated due to PG-related offending. Problem gamblers whose incarceration was related to PG were more likely to indicate they had gambled to try and win money to repay debts than problem gamblers incarcerated for unrelated offending. Given high levels of PG and overall low rates of help-seeking, women’s prisons may provide an opportunity to engage this high-risk population with effective treatment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 401-411
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1343367
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1343367
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:401-411
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernard W. S. Fan
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard W. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan
Title: A retrospective study of attitudes and triggers towards gambling of prisoners before their incarceration in Australia
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitudes towards gambling, triggers for gambling, and the severity of the gambling problem of convicted offenders before their incarceration. Participants were recruited through transitional managers of prisons. There were 96 referrals, of which 66 participants completed the study. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS) and the Inventory of Gambling Situations (IGS) and a significant correlation between the IGS and the EIGHT Gambling Screen. However, no significant correlation was found between the EIGHT Gambling Screen and the GABS. The results indicated that attitudes towards and beliefs about gambling did not directly influence the severity of the participants’ gambling problem. Attitudes and beliefs were more closely linked to their triggers for gambling, and these triggers carried more weight in the severity of their gambling problem. These results suggest that problem gamblers need assistance in dealing with their trigger situations for gambling as well as receiving a therapeutic programme to change their attitudes towards and beliefs about gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 412-425
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1347950
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1347950
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:412-425
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aurélie Mouneyrac
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mouneyrac
Author-Name: Valérie Le Floch
Author-X-Name-First: Valérie
Author-X-Name-Last: Le Floch
Author-Name: Céline Lemercier
Author-X-Name-First: Céline
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemercier
Author-Name: Jacques Py
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Py
Author-Name: Maxime Roumegue
Author-X-Name-First: Maxime
Author-X-Name-Last: Roumegue
Title: Promoting responsible gambling via prevention messages: insights from the evaluation of actual European messages
Abstract:
Prevention messages are short sentences supposed to broadcast preventive intentions. Three types of messages are noticeable: messages correcting erroneous beliefs, messages informing about the risks and messages promoting responsible gambling. While the results in the literature about messages promoting results are alerting, they are frequently used in European prevention campaigns. The present study relied on language and semantics models to evaluate the communicative and preventive values of 14 messages: 7 were actual European prevention messages and 7 messages were created for the study. Overall, 339 participants answered an online questionnaire in which they evaluated the communicative value of one of the messages and then ranked all the messages according to their preventive level. Results showed that messages informing about the risks and messages correcting erroneous beliefs have a higher level of communicative value than messages promoting responsible gambling. Indeed, the latter are judged as more ambiguous and as less preventive than the two other types of messages. As models of conversational pragmatics suggest that ambiguous messages convey at least two interpretations, the article discusses the possibility that individuals comprehend these messages as incentives to control their impulses (prevention) and incentives to control the game (promotion).
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 426-441
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1350198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1350198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:426-441
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Candice Graydon
Author-X-Name-First: Candice
Author-X-Name-Last: Graydon
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Kevin A. Harrigan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrigan
Author-Name: Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fugelsang
Author-Name: Michelle Jarick
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarick
Title: Losses disguised as wins in multiline slots: using an educational animation to reduce erroneous win overestimates
Abstract:
Slot machines are available in several countries, with multiline games growing in popularity. Interestingly, many audiovisually reinforced small ‘wins’ in multiline games are in fact monetary losses – outcomes referred to as losses disguised as wins (LDWs). Research suggests that LDWs cause players to overestimate how many times they remember actually winning during a playing session. The study sought to replicate this finding and see if a short educational animation about LDWs could significantly reduce this LDW-triggered win overestimation effect. It employed a mixed design, with animation viewed (LDW, control) as the between-subjects factor, and game played (200 spins on a few LDW or many LDW game; game order counterbalanced) as the within-subjects factor. Fifty-four novice participants estimated how many times they won more than they wagered in each game. In the control animation group, the study replicated the LDW-triggered win overestimation effect for participants playing the many LDW game. Crucially, win overestimates were significantly reduced in this many LDW game for players exposed to the LDW animation. The study concludes that LDWs can lead novice gamblers to remember winning more often than they actually do during a playing session, but educating participants about LDWs can reduce these erroneous win overestimates.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 442-458
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1355404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1355404
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:442-458
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giuseppe Carrà
Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrà
Author-Name: Cristina Crocamo
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Crocamo
Author-Name: Paul Bebbington
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Bebbington
Title: Gambling, geographical variations and deprivation: findings from the adult psychiatric morbidity survey
Abstract:
Gambling problems are prevalent in the UK, especially in the most deprived boroughs of the country. Individual-level characteristics may exist alongside a social and geographical gradient. The study aimed to establish whether living in specific geographic areas increases problem gambling likelihood. It used data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. It adopted a twofold categorization distinguishing recreational from problem/pathological gambling. It used the 2004 Overall Index of Multiple Deprivation to measure deprivation of the district of residence, and primary sampling units, based on postcode sectors, to take into account area characteristics in multi-level mixed-effects regression models. The determinants of recreational gambling operated solely at the individual level. These included male sex, stable relationship and employment, though a number of clinical variables were also important: impulsivity, hazardous use or dependency on alcohol, and current smoking. In contrast, an appreciable proportion of the variance in problem/pathological gambling was explained by area-level clustering. Unlike recreational gamblers, problem/pathological gamblers appear to cluster in specific areas. Thus, there are grounds for restricting the location and density of gambling opportunities and for providing selective prevention programmes targeting geographic areas characterized by contextual determinants.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 459-470
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1355405
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1355405
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:459-470
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erika Langham
Author-X-Name-First: Erika
Author-X-Name-Last: Langham
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Talitha Best
Author-X-Name-First: Talitha
Author-X-Name-Last: Best
Title: Could EGM player-tracking systems help link gamblers to treatment services in Australia: a thematic analysis of counsellor and community educators’ perspectives
Abstract:
There are a number of different pathways to care that people experiencing problems with gambling may pursue. The current research examined the potential of player-tracking systems, such as pre-commitment technology or loyalty cards, to improve the delivery of links to treatment. Thirty-three key informants from gambling treatment and community education in Australia were interviewed about the potential contributions of these technologies to helping link gamblers with problems to treatment services. Thematic analysis revealed three broad considerations for effective links to treatment using these technologies. First, links need to be appropriate in terms of the multitude of problems (other than gambling) that people might face with customized links appropriate to a gambler’s circumstances. Second, the presentation of the links should make them easy to notice and appropriately timed. Third, links should be provided as part of a broader strategy of harm minimization; by recognizing where people are in terms of behavioural change; providing positively framed guidance; and maintaining consistency with public health approaches. This research provides guidance based on informed expert opinion on what features of technology-driven links-to-treatment are likely to meet with greatest success.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 471-489
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1359849
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1359849
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:471-489
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Author-Name: Ulla Romild
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla
Author-X-Name-Last: Romild
Author-Name: Rachel A. Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: Forms of gambling, gambling involvement and problem gambling: evidence from a Swedish population survey
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between problem gambling (PG) and participation in different forms of gambling in order to elucidate relationships between PG, gambling involvement and gambling intensity. Using data from the first wave of the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs) (n = 4,991), the study tested four hypotheses, namely that (1) some forms of gambling are more closely associated with PG than other forms; (2) high gambling involvement is associated with PG; (3) gambling involvement is positively associated with the intensity of gambling; and (4) the relationship between gambling involvement and PG is influenced by the specific forms of gambling in which individuals participate. All four hypotheses were supported. More specifically, the study found that while many PGs regularly participate in multiple forms of gambling, half of PGs participate regularly in only one or two forms of gambling. The study concluded that some forms of gambling are more closely associated with problem gambling than other forms, and that gambling policy and regulation, as well as the development of responsible gambling initiatives, should focus on these forms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 490-507
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1360928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1360928
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:490-507
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mal Flack
Author-X-Name-First: Mal
Author-X-Name-Last: Flack
Author-Name: Marry Morris
Author-X-Name-First: Marry
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris
Title: The temporal relationship between gambling related beliefs and gambling behaviour: a prospective study using the theory of planned behaviour
Abstract:
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been successfully employed to investigate the role of gambling-related beliefs in the maintenance of gambling behaviour. However, there is a lack of research that examines the temporal relationships between the TPB predictor variables and gambling behaviour. Thus, the current study examines the utility of expectancies, normative beliefs, perceived behaviour control and gambling intentions in predicting gambling frequency, as assessed 12 months later. In addition, these gambling-related beliefs were reassessed at the 12-month follow-up survey to examine their stability and relationships with gambling behaviour. A total of 805 Australian adults, recruited via an online research panel, completed the baseline and follow-up online survey. Consistent with expectations, gambling-related beliefs explained gambling intentions and intentions predicted Wave 2 gambling frequency, after controlling Wave 1 gambling frequency. In relation to the stability of gambling-related beliefs, the Wave 2 measures explained additional variance in the Wave 2 gambling behaviour, although the type of beliefs associated with Wave 2 gambling frequency and problem gambling severity differed. These findings provide support for the notion that the perceived benefits of gambling and beliefs in skill are important areas to target in preventative and problem gambling initiatives.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 508-519
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1360929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1360929
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:3:p:508-519
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Acknowledgement
Journal:
Pages: 109-109
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600927647
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:109-109
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. Richard Werthamer
Author-X-Name-First: N. Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Werthamer
Title: Optimal Betting in Casino Blackjack II: Back-Counting
Abstract: The card counting technique known as ‘back-counting’ is treated analytically. The true count at which the back-counter should optimally enter the game is derived, based on maximising his effective yield. That entry count is found to be in the range of +2 to +3 for a typical 6-deck game, depending on the back-counter's risk profile. If he also adopts an ‘exit’ strategy (abandoning play at a table whose true count has dropped below a lower threshold) and optimises the entry and exit counts simultaneously, he can improve his performance slightly further; the optimal exit count is between − 2 and − 3. Because the risk of ruin is very low, he may in addition choose to bet more aggressively than he would if not back-counting—or, conversely, to ‘flat bet’. Criteria are examined for ‘departure’ (abandoning the observation of a table whose true count has yet to reach the entry threshold).
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 111-122
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600927670
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:111-122
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Robert Ladouceur
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladouceur
Author-Name: Annie Goulet
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Goulet
Author-Name: Cathy Savard
Author-X-Name-First: Cathy
Author-X-Name-Last: Savard
Title: ‘How Much Do You Spend Gambling?’: Ambiguities in Questionnaire Items Assessing Expenditure
Abstract: Expenditure is a dependent variable frequently used in gambling research to index involvement and intensity. However, as a previous study found, self-reported expenditure estimates are ambiguous and imprecise. This paper attempts to (a) replicate the original study, and (b) investigate if specific instructions on methods used to calculate expenditure lead to differences in reported estimates in response to the question, ‘How much money do you spend gambling?’ A total of 637 participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 with no instructions; Groups 2 and 3 with instructions on calculating net and turnover. Results revealed that when heuristics were not specified, half the sample used net expenditure and the remainder used turnover. When heuristics were clearly specified, 30% failed to comply with instructions in calculating estimates. Results undermine the validity of reported gambling expenditure data and support the need for clear instructions on methods used to calculate expenditure.
Journal:
Pages: 123-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600927738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:123-128
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Westphal
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Westphal
Author-Name: Max W. Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: W. Abbott
Title: Models for Multi-site Problem Gambling Clinical Trials
Abstract: Efficacy, effectiveness and outcome studies of problem gambling treatment are limited. Systemic barriers to the development of evidence-based treatments for problem gambling include but are not limited to: low sample sizes, heterogeneous samples, lack of protocol driven treatments, single site clinical trials, lack of replication of studies by independent investigators and high rates of nonspecific treatment response. Increased collaboration among problem gambling treatment providers and investigators is necessary to overcome the systemic barriers and establish evidence-based treatments for problem gambling. Established models for provider and research collaborations are available in the fields of mental health and addictions. Development of a multi-site gambling treatment research network would facilitate development of evidence-based treatments, but require funding for the development of common assessment measures, information systems, training programs and communication networks.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 129-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600927787
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:129-145
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Mcmillen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcmillen
Author-Name: Michael Wenzel
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenzel
Title: Measuring Problem Gambling: Assessment of Three Prevalence Screens
Abstract: Monitoring the prevalence of problem gambling has become a major issue for regulators and policy-makers in several countries as legalised gambling has expanded. However, there has been considerable debate about the definition of problem gambling and the most appropriate ways of measuring it. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three problem gambling screens: the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS), the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) and the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS, version 5+). Using methods of concurrent validation, the study is based on a population survey of 8479 adult residents in the state of Victoria, Australia. While finding limitations with all three screens, overall the study found that the CPGI demonstrated the best measurement properties of the three gambling instruments. As well as essential questions about screen validity, the paper discusses issues for future consideration in prevalence studies and the measurement of problem gambling in general populations.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 147-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927845
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600927845
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:147-174
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Max W. Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Rachel A. Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Title: The Measurement of Adult Problem and Pathological Gambling
Abstract: This paper presents a critical overview of measures used to assess adult problem gambling in clinical settings and general population research. Particular consideration is given to the challenges in transferring clinically derived measures into population research settings. Numerous screens developed for use in large population surveys as well as in non-specialist clinical settings are described in detail. Overall, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and its derivatives continue to be the most widely used measures in most contexts and parts of the world although the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders—IV) measures and the CPGI (Canadian Problem Gambling Index) are increasingly being used. While these measures are likely to continue in use, there are clear and growing indications that changes are needed to the official diagnosis of pathological gambling rather than to the measures that have been developed to assess gambling problems in population research and clinical settings. However, there is also room for improvement in these measures.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 175-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928678
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928678
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:175-200
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Rina Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Rina
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Measuring Gambling Problems Among Adolescents: Current Status and Future Directions
Abstract: While there is a growing body of research concerning risk, protective and psycho-social correlates associated with youth gambling and problem gambling, our conceptualisation and measurement of adolescent problem gambling has not evolved to the same extent. This paper highlights our current understanding and measurement of adolescent problem gambling while drawing attention to recent research findings suggesting the need for the refinement of current measures and for the development of a new gold standard instrument. Recommendations and consideration for future directions are provided.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 201-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928702
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:201-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria E. Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Author-Name: Lana M. Perese
Author-X-Name-First: Lana M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Perese
Author-Name: Max W. Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Maynard M. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Maynard M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Gambling Among Pacific Mothers Living in New Zealand
Abstract: There is a lack of research investigating Pacific peoples' gambling within a New Zealand context. In this paper, data about gambling activity (rather than problem gambling) are presented from the first data collection point for a cohort of mothers who are part of the longitudinal Pacific Islands Families study. The results indicate that gambling behaviour could be influenced by cultural differences. For example, Tongans are more likely to gamble than Samoans, and those who undertake traditional gift giving customs are likely to spend more money on gambling than those who do not. This paper identifies a need for research on Pacific peoples' gambling to acknowledge ethnic-specific cultural influences on gambling practices.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 217-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:217-235
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Masood Zangeneh
Author-X-Name-First: Masood
Author-X-Name-Last: Zangeneh
Author-Name: Nina Littman-Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Littman-Sharp
Title: The Experience of Gambling and its Role in Problem Gambling
Abstract: This paper reports on the results of a psychological study conducted in Ontario, Canada, that attempted to answer the question of why some people develop gambling problems while others do not. A group of social gamblers (n = 38), sub-clinical problem gamblers (n = 33) and pathological gamblers (n = 34) completed a battery of questionnaires. Compared to non-problem gamblers, pathological gamblers were more likely to report experiencing big wins early in their gambling career, stressful life events, impulsivity, depression, using escape to cope with stress and a poorer understanding of random events. We grouped these variables into three risk factors: cognitive/experiential, emotional and impulsive and tested the extent to which each risk factor could differentiate non-problem and pathological gamblers. Each risk factor correctly identified about three-quarters of the pathological gamblers. More than half (53%) of the pathological gamblers had elevated scores on all three risk factors. Interestingly, 60% of the sub-clinical cases had elevated scores on only one risk factor. The results are interpreted in terms of a bio-psycho-social model of gambling addiction.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 237-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:237-266
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ANDREW ECONOMOPOULOS
Author-X-Name-First: ANDREW
Author-X-Name-Last: ECONOMOPOULOS
Title: Opposing the Lottery in the United States: Forces behind Individual Attitudes towards Legalisation in 1975
Abstract: In the 1970s, opposition to the lottery started to fracture in the USA. This study examines causes of the fracture and historical factors that contributed to changes in individual attitudes towards legalisation. The opponents at the time held to traditional arguments against legalised lotteries—negative economic effects, costs to others and increased crime. Unlike the past, however, there was weak religious institutional opposition to lotteries. Individuals with a strong commitment to their religious affiliation were more resistant to pro-lottery arguments, but in most cases could be convinced to support the lottery. The pre-World War II generation remained steadfast against the lottery, but there was relatively greater support among the post-World War II generation. This study has examined the 1975 survey data using a logit model to predict future legalisation in states with large population samples. As expected, analysis of 1975 attitudes shows that states with low levels of opposition are likely to legalise lotteries earlier than states with high levels of opposition.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 267-291
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928900
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928900
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:267-291
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Bellringer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellringer
Title: Book Review
Journal:
Pages: 293-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928934
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:293-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: About the Contributors
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 295-297
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459790600928959
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459790600928959
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:295-297
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jirka Konietzny
Author-X-Name-First: Jirka
Author-X-Name-Last: Konietzny
Author-Name: Albert Caruana
Author-X-Name-First: Albert
Author-X-Name-Last: Caruana
Title: Fair and easy: the effect of perceived fairness, effort expectancy and user experience on online slot machine gambling intention
Abstract:
The growth of online gambling necessitates that both marketers and regulators have a better understanding of the gambling intention of players. Perceived fairness of customers towards operators has often been raised as a concern in the industry, but it has received limited attention in research on gambling intention. Theories that seek to explain purchase intention are considered and a model is proposed that investigates the role and impact that perceived fairness and system effort expectancy have on online gambling intention together with the moderating influence of user experience. Data from 255 online gambling customers are gathered and analysed using Hayes PROCESS analyses. Results indicate that perceived fairness impacts gambling intention directly, and indirectly strengthening the effect of effort expectancy on gambling intention. However, user experience weakens both these impacts. The research provides support for the inclusion of perceived fairness in theories that consider drivers of online gambling intention. In addition, the important role that perceived fairness plays offers support for gambling regulators who in recent years have sought to promote a fairer and more transparent deal to players. Firms in the online gambling industry can also look positively at activities enhancing fairness as its promotion can also enhance their performance.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1526313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1526313
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:183-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hwai-Chung Ho
Author-X-Name-First: Hwai-Chung
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho
Author-Name: Shih-Chin Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Chin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Hsiou-wei Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiou-wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Modelling of how lotto players select their number combinations dynamically
Abstract:
By examining a unique dataset, the authors build a time series model that can describe the dynamics of lotto players’ betting behaviour. The results are derived from a database maintained by a lottery operator in Taiwan, which consists of number combinations selected by players for 203 consecutive draws in 2 years, including those placed through certain systematic schemes. The dynamic models that the authors established show that the players’ number selection over time is influenced by three factors: the numbers that they chose in the last draw, the winning numbers of the previous draw and the numbers with the highest observed winning frequencies in the past. The first factor reflects the mean-reverting nature of the lotto players’ selection behaviour. The second reaffirms the well-known gambler’s fallacy in which players believe that they can improve their chances of winning by avoiding numbers that recently won. The third exhibits the players’ bias towards certain numbers with an above-average probability to be drawn. The two latter types of misconceptions are found to be more predominant in systematic betters, which suggests that the extent of the lotto players’ behavioural biases may vary according to how they place their bets.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 200-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1529814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1529814
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:200-219
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ki-Joon Back
Author-X-Name-First: Ki-Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Back
Author-Name: Choong-Ki Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Choong-Ki
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jiseon Ahn
Author-X-Name-First: Jiseon
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahn
Author-Name: Achim Schmitt
Author-X-Name-First: Achim
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmitt
Author-Name: Hyesun Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyesun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: A mixed method approach to developing a multidimensional scale for gambling fallacy in the Korean context
Abstract:
This article offers an understanding of and reduces gaps in the existing literature regarding cognitive distortion (e.g. gambling fallacy) and problem gambling behaviour. The primary objective of this study is to develop a valid gambling fallacy scale for the South Korean population using qualitative and quantitative methods to thoroughly understand the underlying structure of erroneous beliefs towards gambling among recreational and problem gamblers. The study interviewed eight casino supervisors and dealers and conducted online (n = 1419 gamblers) and onsite surveys (n = 400 gamblers) in South Korea. The proposed scale satisfies reliability and numerous types of validity that provide evidence on the three distinctive underlying structures of gambling fallacy (i.e. a system to win, superstitions, and follow and blame) among the Korean population. This study carries substantial theoretical and practical implications that further assure its usability as a platform for developing scales in various cultural settings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 220-240
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1541244
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1541244
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:220-240
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandeep Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Sandeep
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Author-Name: Shadi Beshai
Author-X-Name-First: Shadi
Author-X-Name-Last: Beshai
Author-Name: Amanda Wuth
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Wuth
Author-Name: Nabhan Refaie
Author-X-Name-First: Nabhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Refaie
Title: Risk and protective factors in problem gambling: an examination of psychological resilience
Abstract:
Psychological resilience – successful adaptation when faced with adversity – is a product of the balance of risk and protective factors relevant to an outcome. This study examined if protective factors (perceived resilience; mindfulness; grit; self-efficacy) explained variance in problem gambling tendencies (assessed with the Problem Gambling Severity Index) beyond the HEXACO personality traits (honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience) and risk factors for problem gambling (gender; age; socio-economic status; high frequency gambling behaviour; harsh unpredictable childhood environments; sensation-seeking; impulsivity; self-control; stress). This study used a crowdsourced community sample (n = 469) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Bivariate analyses showed that risk factors and some HEXACO traits (especially honesty-humility) were associated with problem gambling issues. Among protective factors, only trait mindfulness showed a bivariate association with problem gambling issues. Somewhat surprisingly, regression analyses revealed that protective factors did not explain variance in problem gambling beyond HEXACO traits and risk factors. However, in exploratory analyses, mindfulness and self-efficacy – both modifiable protective factors – moderated the relationship between high-frequency gambling (a key proximate antecedent of problem gambling) and problem gambling tendencies. These results suggest mindfulness and self-efficacy may serve as ‘buffers’ against the development of problem gambling issues and may be promising targets for clinical interventions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 241-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1545242
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1545242
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:241-264
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zorica Terzic-Supic
Author-X-Name-First: Zorica
Author-X-Name-Last: Terzic-Supic
Author-Name: Marina Jelic
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Jelic
Author-Name: Milena Santric-Milicevic
Author-X-Name-First: Milena
Author-X-Name-Last: Santric-Milicevic
Author-Name: Biljana Kilibarda
Author-X-Name-First: Biljana
Author-X-Name-Last: Kilibarda
Author-Name: Momcilo Mirkovic
Author-X-Name-First: Momcilo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mirkovic
Author-Name: Dusica Bankovic-Lazarevic
Author-X-Name-First: Dusica
Author-X-Name-Last: Bankovic-Lazarevic
Author-Name: Jovana Todorovic
Author-X-Name-First: Jovana
Author-X-Name-Last: Todorovic
Title: National survey on lifestyles and gambling in Serbia: gambling participation and problem gambling in adult population
Abstract:
The aim was to examine the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics with gambling severity level. The study was a part of the National Survey on Lifestyles in Serbia: Substance Abuse and Gambling, in 2014. The sample consisted of 5385 individuals. Based on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) score participants were divided into non-problem gambling, low-/moderate-risk gambling and problem gambling. Prevalence of problem gambling was 0.5%, which was associated with having poor self-perceived financial status, having moderate or high risk for psychological distress, playing sports betting, casino games and slot machines. Low/moderate gambling was associated with having poor self-perceived financial status, number of drinking days per year, using any illicit drugs in the last 30 days, playing sports betting, slot machines, and online betting. Programmes of early detection of problem gambling should be developed, and regulation of availability of slot machines and sports betting.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 265-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1552713
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1552713
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:265-281
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Long Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao Long
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Phillip N. Goernert
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goernert
Author-Name: Barry Corenblum
Author-X-Name-First: Barry
Author-X-Name-Last: Corenblum
Title: Examining the efficacy of the GameSense gambling prevention programme among university undergraduate students
Abstract:
This article describes a study assessing the effectiveness of a gambling prevention programme, GameSense, in modifying gambling cognitions and intentions among university undergraduate students of diverse ethnicities (N = 122). Although GameSense is a widely used intervention, the effectiveness in modifying gambling cognitions and behaviours has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, randomly assigned treatment participants completed the programme and then played a gambling game in which they could win tokens for a desired prize. Control participants played the game but did not receive the prevention programme. At the end of the game, all participants completed measures assessing gambling cognitions, immediate and future gambling intentions, and their desire to continue gambling. Programme participants showed increased knowledge about gambling, increased resistance to gambling fallacies, and fewer immediate and future intentions to continue gambling regardless of how much they won or lost, compared to the no-treatment control group. The present results indicate that the GameSense programme is effective in altering cognitions about gambling and immediate and future intentions to continue gambling. Results are discussed in terms of the modification of gambling cognitions following completion of the intervention programme and the changes in future gambling behaviour as a consequence of those changed cognitions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 282-295
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1554083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1554083
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:282-295
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Banks
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Banks
Author-Name: Dan Waugh
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Waugh
Title: A taxonomy of gambling-related crime
Abstract:
Gambling and crime represent two common behaviours that occur, to varying degrees and in myriad forms, across most societies. Keeping gambling free from crime has also emerged to become an important policy objective in many jurisdictions, particularly where commercial gambling has proliferated. Yet research exploring the interconnections between gambling and crime is sporadic, stymied, in part, by the need for a comprehensive, detailed and systematic approach to categorizing the variety of offences that may be linked to wagering activities. In response, this article reviews the extant literature exploring gambling and crime and the ways in which it has been sorted and classified, before outlining a taxonomy through which to examine and better comprehend different types of gambling-related crime. The proposed taxonomy represents a policy-oriented framework through which gambling-related crime research and knowledge may be organized in order to aid risk analysis, regulatory review and crime prevention strategies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 339-357
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1554084
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1554084
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:339-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Mark R. Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Mark R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Title: Esports consumer perspectives on match-fixing: implications for gambling awareness and game integrity
Abstract:
This article examines consumer perspectives on match-fixing in esports – professionalized competitive video game play – and the implications of these perspectives for understanding game and gambling integrity. The relationship between match-fixing, game integrity and gambling is a close one, as gambling markets are reliant on strong game integrity, but has not yet been studied in detail in the context of esports. Drawing on extensive qualitative data collected from esports fans around the world, this article examines perceptions of gambling awareness, integrity and esports gambling to assess esports consumers’ awareness of and attitudes towards gambling-related match-fixing. Results indicate that esports viewers are not deeply concerned by match-fixing. In addition, spectators typically view gambling as a cause of corruption among competitors, but also understand and accept some elements of the practice. Further, spectators tend to rely on rules to determine their assessment of what is ‘wrong’, rather than assessments based on ethics, and are often willing to forgive infractions through a range of reasons and justifications. We propose a need for education among esports spectators, extending existing anti-cheating programmes beyond just athletes to include the broader esports community.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 296-311
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1558451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1558451
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:296-311
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Houghton
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Houghton
Author-Name: Andrew McNeil
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: McNeil
Author-Name: Mitchell Hogg
Author-X-Name-First: Mitchell
Author-X-Name-Last: Hogg
Author-Name: Mark Moss
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Moss
Title: Comparing the Twitter posting of British gambling operators and gambling affiliates: a summative content analysis
Abstract:
The current study aimed to assess the type of content posted on Twitter by British gambling operators and gambling affiliates; third-party firms who are financially incentivized to attract custom to gambling operators. Five thousand and twenty-nine tweets from 5 gambling operators and 8315 tweets from 5 gambling affiliates were collected over a 2-week period. A summative content analysis was carried out whereby each tweet was coded for its main content. Tweets were grouped together into content categories and the percentage of tweets in each content category was calculated for both operators and affiliates. The nine categories of content found were: direct advertising, betting assistance, sports content, customer engagement, humour, update of current bet status, promotional content, safer gambling and ‘other’. Gambling operators had a higher proportion of posts in the sports content and humorous content categories, whilst affiliates had a higher proportion of posts within the direct advertising and betting assistance categories. These findings suggest that the affiliates were more direct in their posting style whereas operators followed a more indirect approach, reflective of a branding strategy. Future research should address how interacting with different types of gambling content on social media impacts upon gambling attitudes and behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 312-326
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1561923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1561923
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:312-326
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: Samantha J. Hollingshead
Author-X-Name-First: Samantha J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hollingshead
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: A limit approaching pop-up message reduces gambling expenditures, except among players with a financially focused self-concept
Abstract:
Responsible gambling (RG) tools that guide electronic gaming machine (EGM) players to set a pre-set money limit on their gambling expenditures are known to reduce excessive gambling. However, not all EGM players who use a limit-setting RG tool will adhere to their limit. We hypothesized that limit adherence is facilitated by informing players that their limit is approaching (and when their limit is reached), but undermined by a financially focused self-concept (FFS). Accordingly, EGM players (N = 88) were provided seed funds to gamble with on a slot machine in a simulated virtual reality casino. They were randomly assigned to receive a limit reminder both when their limit was approaching and again when their limit was reached (experimental condition) or just when their limit was reached (control condition). Players in the experimental condition were more likely to stop playing before reaching their money limit compared to players in the control condition. However, this was observed among players who are low, but not high, in FFS. Unexpectedly, condition (control vs experimental) was unrelated to playing beyond the money limit and FFS did not moderate this relation. Results suggest that individual difference factors, like FFS, can undermine the utility of RG tools.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 327-338
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1567806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1567806
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:327-338
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Gambling is not a capitalist conspiracy: a critical commentary of literature on the ‘industry state gambling complex’
Abstract:
Research into the political economy of gambling, arising particularly from the fields of sociology and geography, has made many much-needed contributions to gambling studies. It has highlighted the association between gambling and social disadvantage and also highlighted the conflict of interest that arises when governments who liberalize gambling also benefit from the resultant taxation revenue. This has led a number of authors to argue that the global gambling industry, as well as many governments and academics, are party to a modern capitalist conspiracy that (a) redistributes wealth and subjugates the disadvantaged and (b) pathologizes problem gamblers to deflect blame from the industry. This article provides a critical appraisal of these arguments with reference to papers from some of the leading authors in this area. It argues that the important contributions of this area have been tarnished by the overuse of politicized and polemical language in academic/scientific contexts, by the use of conspiracy-style arguments and by unjustified criticism of the behavioural and medical sciences. It also argues that the field of gambling studies is strengthened when generalizations about the role of industry are always supported by tangible examples and evidence at each stage of the critique.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 317-331
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1281994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1281994
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:317-331
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Nancy Greer
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Greer
Author-Name: Vijay Rawat
Author-X-Name-First: Vijay
Author-X-Name-Last: Rawat
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Title: A population-level metric for gambling-related harm
Abstract:
Prior estimates of the population-level impact of gambling have relied on economic costings. Recent work has derived disability weights for the Problem Gambling Severity Index, which measure per-person impact of gambling on quality of life on a scale of zero to one. This provided scope for the present study to calculate the ‘burden of gambling harm’, which captures the aggregate impact of harms arising from gambling on quality of life in a population. Gambling-related harm was associated with 101,675 years of life lost in Victoria, Australia: approximately two-thirds that of alcohol use and dependence, and major depressive disorder. Problem gamblers suffer more individually (disability weight = .44) compared to those in moderate (.29) and low (.13) risk categories. Nevertheless, moderate and low-risk gamblers account for 85% of population-level harm, due to greater prevalence of these groups. Overall, the scale of gambling-related harm is large relative to other significant health issues, with milder yet non-negligible harm accruing to a relatively broad segment of the gambling population. The article suggests that the tendency to conflate the (typically low) prevalence of problem gambling with total gambling impact is misleading, and argues for a broader population-health based measure.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 163-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1304973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1304973
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:163-175
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adèle Morvannou
Author-X-Name-First: Adèle
Author-X-Name-Last: Morvannou
Author-Name: Magali Dufour
Author-X-Name-First: Magali
Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour
Author-Name: Natacha Brunelle
Author-X-Name-First: Natacha
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunelle
Author-Name: Djamal Berbiche
Author-X-Name-First: Djamal
Author-X-Name-Last: Berbiche
Author-Name: Élise Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Élise
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Title: Passion for poker and the relationship with gambling problems: a cross-sectional study
Abstract:
Previous research has shown that poker players spend significant time, large amounts of money and have a high prevalence of gambling problems. While some studies have examined the association between gambling behaviours and passion, none have explored this association specifically among poker players. This study aims to examine the relationships between two types of passion (i.e. harmonious and obsessive) and severity of gambling problems among poker players. A sample of 159 poker players was recruited from across Quebec, Canada. The outcome variable of interest was participants’ scores on the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index and the predictive variable was the Gambling Passion Scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors of at-risk poker players. Severity of gambling problems is positively associated with obsessive passion (p < .05). However, harmonious passion is not associated with gambling problems. These results align with previous findings obtained for other gambling activities. Thus, passion could be considered a useful tool when approaching players to talk about risk-taking.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 176-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1311354
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1311354
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:176-191
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuki Tanaka
Author-X-Name-First: Yuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanaka
Author-Name: Kazutaka Nomura
Author-X-Name-First: Kazutaka
Author-X-Name-Last: Nomura
Author-Name: Hironori Shimada
Author-X-Name-First: Hironori
Author-X-Name-Last: Shimada
Author-Name: Shunta Maeda
Author-X-Name-First: Shunta
Author-X-Name-Last: Maeda
Author-Name: Hiroyo Ohishi
Author-X-Name-First: Hiroyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ohishi
Author-Name: Masayuki Ohishi
Author-X-Name-First: Masayuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Ohishi
Title: Adaptation and validation of the Japanese version of the Gambling Urge Scale
Abstract:
In Japan, accurately assessing and targeting gambling urges is important for the treatment of gambling disorder because people are constantly exposed to external triggers that elicit gambling urges. However, a valid measure that assesses gambling urges has not been adequately established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Gambling Urge Scale (GUS-J), which is a well-known valid 6-item instrument in English-speaking countries. Two hundred and thirty-nine participants completed questionnaires, 86 of which met the criteria for a probable gambling disorder. As with the original GUS, the GUS-J was demonstrated to be a one-factor model that accounted for 63.82% of the total item variance, with all items demonstrating loadings of .40 or higher. With regard to reliability, the GUS-J showed good internal consistency (α = .88). Furthermore, validity based on evidence of relationships with other variables, especially convergent and concurrent validity of the GUS-J, were supported by several analyses that examined hypotheses based on previous findings. In conclusion, this study showed that the GUS-J has good psychometric properties as an assessment tool for gambling urges in Japanese people and it will be useful for future clinical practice and research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 192-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1311355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1311355
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:192-204
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Christopher G. Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Title: Finding some straw in the ‘Industry–State Gambling Complex’ argument: commentary on Delfabbro & King
Abstract:
The article focuses attention on the presupposition that gambling is ‘class-exploitation’ – an argument that positions players as passive pawns in a capitalist conspiracy. It disagrees with this frame and presents theory and research from psychology that suggests relative deprivation has more explanatory power than (absolute) social deprivation to predict gambling problems. It also inserts Canada into the discussion about the possible existence of an Industry–State Gambling Complex. In Canada, governments are the owner and operator of (most) gambling venues. This overlapping relationship means that the gambling industry is answerable to the public. The article contends that in such a context, as well as in any functioning democracy, government must balance its function to facilitate economic growth with social responsibility. Academic research from many disciplines can help governments find this balance.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 335-339
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1312483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1312483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:335-339
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hai Luo
Author-X-Name-First: Hai
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo
Author-Name: Megan Ferguson
Author-X-Name-First: Megan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson
Title: Gambling among culturally diverse older adults: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative data
Abstract:
Culturally diverse older gamblers may face multiple jeopardies and socially structured challenges. In this first systematic review of empirical evidence of gambling in this population, the authors examined both quantitative and qualitative studies published between 1996 and June 2016. A thorough search of 7 databases yielded 18 articles with a total sample of 11,296 culturally diverse older adults. The review revealed contrary findings on the correlation between gender, education, income and gambling behaviour. Early onset was more frequently found among older adults who belonged to a culture that promoted tolerance of gambling activities; however, some developed a gambling habit after they had moved to a western society. Using an analytical framework, the authors demonstrate interrelated factors: enabling factors (cultural acceptance of gambling, supportive social networks, accessibility to gambling facilities and venues, and external cues); motivational factors (desire for excitement and winning money, coping with boredom, and stress due to structural issues); and buffering factors for culturally diverse older gamblers . Both environmental and personal factors could be triggered as buffers between gambling and culturally diverse older adults. In light of the motivational and enabling factors, practitioners and policy makers may need to step beyond focusing on ‘correction’ during intervention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 290-316
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1316415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1316415
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:290-316
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Title: Commentary on Delfabbro & King’s (2017) ‘Gambling is Not a Capitalist Conspiracy’
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 340-342
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1316416
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1316416
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:340-342
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nuno Rodrigues-Silva
Author-X-Name-First: Nuno
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues-Silva
Title: Scratch cards in Portugal: a hidden threat
Abstract:
This letter aims to highlight a hidden threat in Portugal, scratch cards. Despite having highly addictive components, as compared to other gambling products, scratch card regulation is almost non-existent, possibly leading to an ever-growing multibillion industry. Vulnerable people are easily attracted and there are no strategies to prevent problematic use. Interestingly, however, scratch cards and other lotteries are exclusively provided by a non-profit state-owned organization supposedly promoting responsible gambling. This concern is presented as a starting point for raising awareness in the general public, scientific community and regulatory bodies, so that effective action can follow.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 332-334
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1317355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1317355
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:332-334
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Axelle Moreau
Author-X-Name-First: Axelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreau
Author-Name: Jennifer Delieuvin
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Delieuvin
Author-Name: Henri Chabrol
Author-X-Name-First: Henri
Author-X-Name-Last: Chabrol
Author-Name: Emeline Chauchard
Author-X-Name-First: Emeline
Author-X-Name-Last: Chauchard
Title: Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS): creation and validation of a tilt assessment in a French population
Abstract:
Tilt in poker implies a deviation from an individual’s usual playing style, at a strategic, emotional and behavioural level. It is a specific characteristic of poker, which can affect all kinds of players with varying degrees of frequency. In addition, tilt could be a transitional form of pathological gambling behaviour and a gateway to addiction. The main objective of this research is therefore the design and validation of a measuring scale for tilt episode frequency in an online poker gamblers’ group. Twenty-one items based on the literature and interviews with 10 poker players were created. An online self-administered questionnaire was completed by 263 poker players to validate this scale. The mean age of the sample was 26.7 (SD = 4.45). The Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) consists of 17 items and is the first validated tool for measuring the frequency of tilt episodes associated with online poker. It is composed of two factors: ‘emotional and behavioural tilt’ and ‘cognitive tilt’. Tilt seems to be an essential part of understanding online poker behaviour. This tool will enable researchers studying online poker addiction to perform research on the mechanisms and processes that lead to tilt and its consequences.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 205-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1321680
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1321680
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:205-218
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belinda Goodwin
Author-X-Name-First: Belinda
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin
Author-Name: Hannah Thorne
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Thorne
Author-Name: Erika Langham
Author-X-Name-First: Erika
Author-X-Name-Last: Langham
Author-Name: Neda Moskovsky
Author-X-Name-First: Neda
Author-X-Name-Last: Moskovsky
Title: Traditional and innovated gambling products: an exploration of player preferences
Abstract:
There is concern that recent innovations of traditional face-to-face gambling products may lead to increased harm because of the tendency for innovated products to share certain structural features with electronic gaming machines (EGMs). The VICES framework focusses on several mechanisms known to influence gambling behaviour: visual and auditory enhancements, illusions of control, cognitive complexity, expedited play and social customization. The current study applied the VICES framework to an investigation of player experiences with both traditional and innovated gambling products. Through a series of six focus groups (N = 40) with regular bingo, poker and casino table game players and sports bettors, we examined the characteristics of innovated gambling products and their influences on player experience and the risk of gambling harm. Findings suggest that traditional games are perceived as more social, more enjoyable and less harmful. This was largely attributed to the low social interaction, expedited play and increased potential for consumption that is associated with EGM-type gambling activity. Further, we suggest that VICES, pending some revision, is a valid and applicable framework by which to identify characteristics of innovated products that influence player experience and behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 219-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1321681
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1321681
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:219-235
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Cowlishaw
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cowlishaw
Title: Legitimate concerns about industry involvement in gambling research: response to Delfabbro and King (2017)
Abstract:
This paper provides a response to the commentary by Delfabbro and King (2017), which describes major criticisms of articles situated in a ‘political economy’ conceptual framework. The current paper argues that these criticisms obfuscate legitimate concerns about industry involvement in gambling research, and disregard important evidence about activities of hazardous-consumption industries which provide grounds for strong concern about commercial practices of the gambling industry. Although many aspects of the commentary by Delfabbro and King (2017) are contentious, the current paper summarizes conceptual and empirical literature which supports concern about (a) agency and collaboration in practices of the gambling industry, which make assertions of equivalence with a conspiracy theory both inappropriate and misleading, and (b) the role of research on problem gambling behaviours and pathologies in supporting agendas that may undermine public health. This indicates the need for the scientific community to take seriously its role in improving awareness of the hazards of commercial involvement in gambling research, and thus helping researchers to make informed decisions about these risks and their own manner of engagement with the gambling industry.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 343-348
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1321682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1321682
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:343-348
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Hudson
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson
Author-Name: K. Gough
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gough
Author-Name: S. Yi
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: M. Stiles
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stiles
Author-Name: P. Davis MacNevin
Author-X-Name-First: P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis MacNevin
Author-Name: S. H. Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: S. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Examining the effects of gambling-relevant cues on gambling outcome expectancies
Abstract:
There is a consensus in the addictions literature that exposure to addiction-relevant cues can precipitate a desire to engage, or actual engagement, in the addictive behaviour. Previous work has shown that exposure to gambling-relevant cues activates gamblers’ positive gambling outcome expectancies (i.e. their beliefs about the positive results of gambling). The current study examined the effects of a new, arguably more ecologically valid cue manipulation (i.e. exposure to a gambling lab environment vs. sterile lab environment) on 61 regular gamblers’ explicit and implicit gambling outcome expectancies. The authors first tested the internal consistency of their implicit reaction time measure of gambling outcome expectancies, the Affective Priming Task. Split-half reliabilities were satisfactory to high (.72 to .88), highlighting an advantage of this task over other characteristically unreliable implicit cognitive measures. Unexpectedly, no predicted between-lab condition differences emerged on most measures of interest, suggesting that peripheral environmental cues that are not the focus of deliberate attentional allocation may not activate positive outcome expectancies. However, there was some evidence that implicit negative gambling outcome expectancies were activated in the gambling lab environment. This latter finding holds clinical relevance as it suggests that presenting peripheral gambling-related cues while treating problem gamblers may facilitate processing of the negative consequences of gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 236-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1324893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1324893
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:236-250
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tazio Carlevaro
Author-X-Name-First: Tazio
Author-X-Name-Last: Carlevaro
Author-Name: Suzanne Lischer
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lischer
Author-Name: Anna-Maria Sani
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sani
Author-Name: Olivier Simon
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Simon
Author-Name: Alexander Tomei
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Tomei
Title: The inclusion of health concerns in Swiss gambling legislation: an opportunity to access industry data
Abstract:
Swiss gambling legislation is unique in the fact that it includes health concerns and obligations for gambling operators. Specifically, they are required to provide social measures for the prevention of problem gambling and to collaborate with prevention centres. These provisions are crucial for the development of problem gambling prevention and training programmes. Further, they open important research avenues to make use of data collected within the industry. The present article provides an insight into these specific aspects of Swiss gambling legislation. It also illustrates recent examples of research that has been conducted on the basis of these legal provisions and considers their results.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 251-258
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1324894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1324894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:251-258
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Orford
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Orford
Author-Name: Jenny Cousins
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny
Author-X-Name-Last: Cousins
Author-Name: Neil Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Henrietta Bowden-Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Henrietta
Author-X-Name-Last: Bowden-Jones
Title: Stress, strain, coping and social support for affected family members attending the National Problem Gambling Clinic, London
Abstract:
Aims were: to compare burden experienced by affected family members (AFMs) attending a problem gambling treatment clinic in London, England with that of AFMs affected by substance problems; to examine socio-demographic correlates of AFM burden; to evaluate change following an intervention designed for AFMs; and to test the assumption of the stress-strain-coping-support (SSCS) model that change in AFM coping is important. AFMs (N = 215) completed a gambling version of the short questionnaire for family members affected by addiction (SQFM-AA) which assesses stressful impact, symptoms of ill health, ways of coping, social support and overall burden. All received a 5-Step Method workbook, based on the SSCS model. The SQFM-AA was repeated three to six months later (n = 96). T-test analyses showed that baseline burden and related variables were comparable to those of family members affected by substance problems, were greater for wives and those living in the same household as the gambling relative, and were significantly reduced at follow-up. Regression modelling indicated the importance, for AFMs’ health, of reduced levels of engaged-emotional coping. Family members affected by gambling, some subgroups especially, experience high levels of burden. They can benefit from a model-based intervention, and coping change may be an important process.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 259-275
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1331251
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1331251
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:259-275
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belinda C. Goodwin
Author-X-Name-First: Belinda C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: Judy Rose
Author-X-Name-First: Judy
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose
Title: A typical problem gambler affects six others
Abstract:
While the financial and psychological burden on problem gamblers can be severe, at least some of the ill effects are also passed on to family or other close social ties. The present study estimated the number of affected-others for the typical problem gambler. Australian members of an online panel with gambling problems (N = 3076) and panel members who indicated that they had been affected by someone else’s gambling (N = 2129) were asked to estimate the number of other people who were negatively affected by their gambling. Using robust statistics to analyse this data, the study found lower estimates made by problem gamblers (four affected people) compared to estimates made by affected others (six affected people, including the respondent). It was concluded that a point-estimate of six people affected is a more accurate figure since it does not suffer from self-presentation effects of problem gamblers. Low-risk and moderate-risk gamblers, unsurprisingly, affected far fewer other people (one and three, respectively). Both gamblers and affected-others most often identified close family members, including spouses and children, as the people impacted by others’ gambling problems. These results provide an approximate measure of the number of people affected, per problem gambler, to facilitate accurate accounting of the harms accruing from gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 276-289
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1331252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1331252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:276-289
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 161-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1349729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2017.1349729
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:161-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Editor’s note: replication crisis in the social sciences
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 359-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1673786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1673786
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:359-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debi A. LaPlante
Author-X-Name-First: Debi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: LaPlante
Title: Replication is fundamental, but is it common? A call for scientific self-reflection and contemporary research practices in gambling-related research
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 362-368
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1672768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1672768
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:362-368
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: John M. Zelenski
Author-X-Name-First: John M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zelenski
Title: The need for open science practices and well-conducted replications in the field of gambling studies
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 369-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1672769
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1672769
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:369-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas B. Swanton
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanton
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: The role of financial institutions in gambling
Abstract:
Financial institutions have corporate social responsibility to assist customers in enhancing their financial well-being, and to make a positive contribution to society given the considerable role that they play in customers’ everyday lives. Financial institutions are involved in gambling through facilitating gambling transactions, including provision of credit to customers potentially experiencing gambling-related harms. As financial institutions have an overview of customers’ income, spending and debt, this potentially allows for the identification of excessive expenditure on specific activities. This article reviewed the role of financial institutions in gambling with the aim of considering ways in which policies and practices could enhance customer well-being. The Australian-focused review found limited evidence of gambling-specific bank policies despite increasing recognition of the impact of gambling-related harms. Behavioral economics and psychological approaches may be promising frameworks to guide the development of policies to assist customers in limiting their gambling to affordable levels. Financial institutions could implement products and resources for customers to enhance management of gambling expenditure. Government and community scrutiny over the role of financial institutions in gambling will likely increase given growing recognition of harms. A proactive effort to enhance customer well-being could have broad positive outcomes for financial institutions’ social licence to operate.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 377-398
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1575450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1575450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:377-398
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. Kotter
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotter
Author-Name: A. Kräplin
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kräplin
Author-Name: A. Pittig
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pittig
Author-Name: G. Bühringer
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bühringer
Title: Gambling problems seldom come alone: prevalence and temporal relationships of mental health problems in casino excluders
Abstract:
To estimate the effectiveness of gambling exclusion programmes, previous research focused on changes in gambling behaviour post-exclusion. Although other mental health problems, especially co-morbid mental disorders, may be crucial for relapse and recovery of gambling-related problems, these factors have rarely been studied in excluders. Therefore, this study aimed to assess a comprehensive mental health status of excluders using well-validated diagnostic instruments. Fifty-eight casino excluders participated in face-to-face diagnostic interviews and completed several validated questionnaires (e.g. Stinchfield Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory). Retrospective temporal sequences of diagnosed mental disorders, help-seeking behaviour and exclusion were examined. The majority of excluders reported impairments in mental health aspects. About three-quarters met criteria of lifetime gambling disorder, more than half in the last 12 months whereby screening and diagnostic measures correlated moderately. Other mental disorders were frequent, especially affective and substance-related disorders and typically preceded the onset of gambling disorder. Six years passed between self-awareness of gambling problems and help-seeking. Two more years passed until exclusion. Frequent mental health problems suggest the need for individually tailored support beyond exclusion programmes (e.g. psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, counselling services). Late help-seeking and exclusion entry claim for improved early detection and intervention concepts that consider underlying mental disorders.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 399-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1575451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1575451
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:399-416
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel Mader
Author-X-Name-First: Joel
Author-X-Name-Last: Mader
Author-Name: Darren R. Christensen
Author-X-Name-First: Darren R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: An evaluation of the pathways model using the Quinte Longitudinal dataset
Abstract:
The present study tested tenets of the Pathways Model of problem gambling by completing a cross-sectional latent class analysis using an existing dataset. The sample in this study consisted of 125 first-time adult problem gamblers from Ontario, Canada who participated in the Quinte Longitudinal study of Gambling and Problem Gambling. A three-class solution was found to be the best fitting model. There was a class resembling Behaviourally Conditioned gambler (n = 40), demonstrating minimal rates of pre-existing psychopathology and social dysfunction; a class that shared consistencies with the Emotionally Vulnerable gambler (n = 56), showing intermediate rates of anxiety, depression, problematic substance use and social dysfunction prior to onset of problem gambling; and a class resembling the Anti-social Impulsivist gambler (n = 29) characterized by the highest impulsivity, social dysfunction, antisociality and pre-existing psychiatric illness. Overall the findings provide evidence for the etiological assumptions of the Pathways Model by demonstrating that problem gamblers can be sub-grouped on traits pre-existing the development of aberrant gambling. These findings have implications for prevention and clinical practice, as specific groups of problem gamblers may require tailored intervention and prevention efforts.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 417-431
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1602158
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1602158
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:417-431
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice E. Hoon
Author-X-Name-First: Alice E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoon
Author-Name: Craig Bickford
Author-X-Name-First: Craig
Author-X-Name-Last: Bickford
Author-Name: Lotte Samuels
Author-X-Name-First: Lotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Samuels
Author-Name: Simon Dymond
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Dymond
Title: ‘This slot is hotter than that one’: symbolic generalization of slot machine preference in simulated gambling
Abstract:
Slot-machine choice may be influenced by structural features like display labels, independent of the programmed payout probability. Gambling choice may then involve verbal descriptions or rules comparing machines based on structural characteristics such as “this one is better than another. This study developed an experimental analogue examining how display labels influences choices in simulated slot-machine gambling. Eighty-eight participants learned a relational series of arbitrary nonsense words that were either ‘more-than’ (E > D > C > B > A) or ‘less-than’ (A < B < C < D < E). Participants were then exposed to a slot-machine payout probability phase to establish one machine, labelled with the middle-ranking word, C, as having a low likelihood of winning. Another machine, labelled with a novel word, X, had a high likelihood of winning. In the test phase, participants were given choices of slot-machines labelled with all remaining nonsense words. It was predicted that slot-machine choices would be influenced by the underlying relational hierarchy of nonsense words. Findings supported this, with choices showing a gradient-like pattern, despite no prior experience with the payout probabilities. This suggests that slot-machine choices could be influenced by structural properties, and not just payout probability.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 432-450
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1602159
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1602159
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:432-450
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Bradley
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Bradley
Author-Name: Richard J. E. James
Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. E.
Author-X-Name-Last: James
Title: How are major gambling brands using Twitter?
Abstract:
This paper is the first to compare how major gambling brands are using the popular social media platform Twitter, looking at how gambling brands vary in the frequency of their messages, the content of their tweets and engagement with their Twitter activity. 63,913 tweets were collected from seven well-known British gambling brands (Bet365, Betfair, Betfred, Coral, Ladbrokes, Paddy Power, William Hill) and their associated Twitter accounts (Total Number of Accounts = 22) via the Twitter Application Program Interface (API) on the 1 August 2018. Companies varied in their approach to Twitter, some posting from a single account whereas others segmented their tweets by topic or purpose. Frequency analysis of tweets showed that on average major gambling brands tweeted anywhere between 89 and 202 tweets a day. Sentiment analysis of tweets showed a positivity bias with the language in tweets being associated with positive emotions like anticipation, trust and joy. Paddy Power, Bet365 and Coral produced the content that received the highest number of likes or shares from other twitter users. This study highlights the extent to which companies are using Twitter; followers could potentially be receiving hundreds of messages per day.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 451-470
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1606927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1606927
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:451-470
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Heather M. Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Heather M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Debi A. LaPlante
Author-X-Name-First: Debi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: LaPlante
Author-Name: Bo J. Bernhard
Author-X-Name-First: Bo J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard
Title: Association between employee department and responsible gambling program perceptions
Abstract:
Academic studies of employee perceptions of and engagement with responsible gambling (RG) provide important insight into how employees engage with RG, but typically treat employees as a singular entity. Employees in different departments, however, have different work experiences that affect their likelihood of directly interacting with gamblers. It is conceivable that degree of contact with gamblers affects employees’ opinions about RG. To examine this possibility, we surveyed cohorts of employees at MGM Resorts International (MGM) (N = 2,192) regarding their (1) perceptions of RG programs, (2) behaviors and beliefs about gambling, and (3) comfort with MGM’s corporate RG environment. Using MANCOVA, with years employed in the gambling industry as a covariate, we observed that employees in departments with less direct contact with gamblers were more likely to perceive RG programs to be effective at MGM than employees who have more direct contact with gamblers. In addition, employees who work in the Food, Beverage, & Retail departments were more likely to hold misconceptions about gambling than employees in Back of House operations. The differences in how departments view RG programs suggest that one-size-fits-all approaches to employee training might not be suitable for RG topics, and that position-based training might be necessary.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 471-488
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1615528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1615528
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:471-488
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone N. Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: Simone N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: Kathleen L. Bagot
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bagot
Author-Name: Victoria Manning
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning
Author-Name: Dan I. Lubman
Author-X-Name-First: Dan I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubman
Title: ‘Only take the money you want to lose’ strategies for sticking to limits in electronic gaming machine venues
Abstract:
Government and regulator campaigns typically focus on educating gamblers to minimise harms from gambling, but we know little of the full range of strategies gamblers use to stick to limits. This mixed-methods study sought to understand the strategies utilised, recommended or avoided by gamblers. This study recruited 104 participants from 11 EGM venues in Australia, encompassing both no problem/low risk (65%) and moderate risk/problem gamblers (35%). Participants were administered the 30-item Gambling In-venue Strategies Checklist (GISC) and used an average of 14 different strategies over a 30-day period. Two strategies were frequently used by 90% of gamblers: use only the money brought into the venue and only play low denomination machines. Compared to PGs, low risk/no PGs more frequently avoided chasing losses, set cues to keep track of time, used only the money brought into the venue, planned in advance their spending, and also viewed gambling as entertainment. Qualitative analysis revealed the top strategies for limiting gambling were bring in the exact amount of cash and not taking cards and setting a money limit. The measure developed for this study appears to capture a broad range of strategies used by gamblers when engaging with EGM gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 489-507
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1617330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1617330
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:489-507
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Parke
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Parke
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Peter Schofield
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Schofield
Title: Exploring psychological need satisfaction from gambling participation and the moderating influence of game preferences
Abstract:
Psychological needs are satisfied through leisure participation, which in turn influences subjective well-being. The present study explored the psychological needs reported to be satisfied through gambling participation and examined associations between need satisfaction, game preferences and subjective well-being. A heterogeneous, self-selected sample of 1446 participants was recruited, through the Internet gambling provider Kindred Group Plc, for an online questionnaire survey. Five psychological need dimensions of gambling were identified, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on calibration and validation samples, respectively: mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement, and affiliation. Challenge and mastery need satisfaction was higher for poker than for sports betting, horse racing, slots or casino table games; both self-affirmation and affiliation were also higher for poker than for sports betting and slots. By comparison, detachment was higher for slots than for sports gambling. While there were no significant variations in stress levels between the different forms of gambling, happiness ratings were lower for slots compared with sports betting and poker. This study provides insight into how distinctive patterns of play may satisfy different psychological needs and provides preliminary insights into how gambling patterns may prove adaptive or maladaptive as leisure choices.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 508-531
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1633381
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1633381
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:508-531
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chinyere Mirian Aguocha
Author-X-Name-First: Chinyere Mirian
Author-X-Name-Last: Aguocha
Author-Name: Chukwuma B. Duru
Author-X-Name-First: Chukwuma B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Duru
Author-Name: Emeka Chinwuba Nwefoh
Author-X-Name-First: Emeka Chinwuba
Author-X-Name-Last: Nwefoh
Author-Name: Appolos Chidi Ndukuba
Author-X-Name-First: Appolos Chidi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndukuba
Author-Name: Kennedy U. Amadi
Author-X-Name-First: Kennedy U.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amadi
Author-Name: Emmanuel Omamurhomu Olose
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Omamurhomu
Author-X-Name-Last: Olose
Author-Name: Monday Nwite Igwe
Author-X-Name-First: Monday Nwite
Author-X-Name-Last: Igwe
Title: Attitudes towards and perception of gambling among secondary school students in a developing country
Abstract:
Gambling is common in Nigeria and over the years has gained wide acceptability among the populace. Improved technology and legalization of gambling have led to increased gambling opportunities among young people. The aim of this study is to determine the attitude towards and perception of gambling among a sample of secondary school students in South East Nigeria. A total of 507 male students from three male-only urban Secondary Schools in Owerri, Imo State participated in the study. Multistage sampling technique was used in sample selection. Data was collected using a self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire and the 9 Item Attitude Towards Gambling Scale. Results showed an overall negative perception of gambling. Majority of the respondents (82.8%) perceived gambling as a risky activity while few (27.3%) perceived it as a good way of earning an income quickly. More than half of the respondents (52.7%) believed that gambling yields a high return. There was a significant association between parental gambling and positive attitude towards gambling (X = 6.27, p = 0.04). Thus, preventive strategies targeted towards changing gambling attitudes in parents may serve a dual role of changing attitudes and perception of gambling in their offspring.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 532-544
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1635630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1635630
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:3:p:532-544
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serena M. King
Author-X-Name-First: Serena M.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Gretchen R. B. Saunders
Author-X-Name-First: Gretchen R. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders
Author-Name: Irene J. Elkins
Author-X-Name-First: Irene J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Elkins
Author-Name: Ken C. Winters
Author-X-Name-First: Ken C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Winters
Author-Name: William G. Iacono
Author-X-Name-First: William G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Iacono
Author-Name: Matt McGue
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: McGue
Title: Where do gambling problems fit in the structure of psychopathology during emerging adulthood?
Abstract:
Research suggests major mental disorders co-occur at higher than chance levels. In adult samples, a two factor structure emerges when modeling the higher order structure of psychopathology. Specifically, disorders tend to co-aggregate into two dimensions: Internalizing (depression and anxiety) and Externalizing (acting out, impulsive, and addictive) disorders. Despite this large body of evidence, few studies have integrated problem gambling into this overall model. We used confirmatory factor analysis to model how the symptom count of gambling fits into the structure of psychopathology in a large, community based young adult twin sample of men and women (age 24; N = 1329). Twins were assessed via in-person, structured diagnostic interviews on disorders including: Major Depression, Phobias, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety Disorders (internalizing) and Substance Use Disorders, Gambling Problems (self-report), and Antisocial Behaviors (externalizing). The data were fit to a two-factor structure, with gambling symptoms loading most highly on externalizing, rather than internalizing. The problem gambling loadings did not differ by sex. Implications of these findings suggest that during emerging adulthood gambling problems are best classified and conceptualized in the realm of externalizing disorders for both males and females. Results also suggest prevention and intervention efforts be aimed at young adults who exhibit commonly co-occurring psychopathology.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1643901
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1643901
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:1-13
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carolyn Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Author-Name: Hsin-Ching Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Hsin-Ching
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Gambling behavior of ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese college students in the United States
Abstract:
This study examined gambling activity and risk for gambling problems among ethnic Chinese- and Vietnamese- American college students. The Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory (CAGI) was administered to a stratified sample of 653 undergraduates at a public university in the northeastern United States. This sample included racial-ethnic subsamples large enough to compare gambling behavior among Chinese, Vietnamese, Other Asian, Black, Latino, and white students. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of having gambled in the past three months were lower than whites only for Other Asians [odd’s ratio(OR) = .320, p < .05] and Latinos [OR = .477, p < .05] and not for Chinese, Vietnamese, or Blacks. Among students who gambled in the last three months, the odds of meeting criteria for high severity risk of problem gambling were higher for the Chinese [OR = 5.381, p < .05], Latinos [OR = 6.520, p < .05], and Blacks [OR = 6.540, p < .05] than for whites. The odds of meeting criteria for some degree of risk were higher for Vietnamese than white students [OR = 2.736, p < .05]. These findings suggest the need for future study of underlying risk factors for students of minority racial-ethnicity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 14-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1646779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1646779
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:14-36
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew D. Sanscartier
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanscartier
Author-Name: Jason D. Edgerton
Author-X-Name-First: Jason D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Edgerton
Author-Name: Matthew T. Keough
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keough
Title: Attitudes towards gambling in a Canadian university sample of young adults
Abstract:
While studies of gambling attitudes continue to grow among national adult populations and adolescents, no study to date has explored attitudes towards gambling among young adults (adults 18–25 years of age). We address this gap by exploring gambling attitudes using the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS) among a sample of 1,254 Canadian young adults from the University of Manitoba (n = 399 males, 32%). Results indicate that young adults are comparable to both adolescent and mature adults with respect to attitudes towards gambling, holding slightly negative feelings towards it as an activity, but feel individuals should retain the right to gamble despite personal risk. Regression analyses show that gambling, family/peer approval of gambling, and injunctive drinking norms of family and friends are the strongest predictors of favourable attitudes towards gambling. Given the strong roles of approval of gambling and drinking in young adults’ social environments, we recommend that research needs to more robustly address the normalization of multiple problem behaviours (drug use, deviance, etc.) among family and friends. We further recommend that therapeutic interventions be geared towards establishing new norms for young adults, for which group settings addressing multiple problem behaviours are especially helpful and cost-effective.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 37-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1649448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1649448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:37-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew S. M. Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew S. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Robert D. Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: Robert D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Title: Simulated die-rolling behaviours express illusions of control in regular gamblers
Abstract:
Illusions of control (IOC) – beliefs that actions or rituals can influence ostensibly probabilistic game outcomes – are typically studied using questionnaires, think-aloud methods, or inferred from shifts in betting patterns following manipulations of IOC. However, naturalistic studies of dice-based games (e.g. ‘Craps’) suggest that IOC can be manifest in players’ motor actions: e.g. rolling dice hard to hit higher value outcomes. Here, in three experiments, we investigated the action-based expression of IOC while rolling a single computer-simulated die for monetary prizes in samples of community-recruited gamblers. We report (i) that action-based expressions of IOC are dependent on the congruence of game features (i.e. larger winning numbers linked to larger value prizes); (ii) that action-based expressions of IOC can reflect the joint betting of gambling co-actors (as a form of ‘illusion of control by proxy’) and (iii) that prior induction of motor-caution can weaken the links between the action-based expression of IOC and gamblers’ self-report beliefs that game outcomes can be controlled. These data indicate that gambling-related IOC can be expressed in the action repertoires afforded by gambling games; can reflect their structural features and social contexts; and can be disrupted by the modulation of inhibitory control over motor behaviour.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 57-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1652668
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1652668
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:57-79
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aris Grande-Gosende
Author-X-Name-First: Aris
Author-X-Name-Last: Grande-Gosende
Author-Name: Jérémie Richard
Author-X-Name-First: Jérémie
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard
Author-Name: William Ivoska
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivoska
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: The relationship between bullying victimization and gambling among adolescents
Abstract:
Victims of bullying are more likely to exhibit health problems, have declining grades, abuse drugs and alcohol, experience depression and low self-esteem. Although bullying victimization has been associated with a host of negative outcomes, problem gambling is a public health problem that has been neglected in the context of bullying victimization. This research investigated the relationship between high-risk gambling and bullying victimization. Responses about gambling behaviours, risk for problem gambling, and bullying victimization was collected from 7,045 high-school students (mean age 15 years old). Chi-square analyses were used to explore rates of bullying victimization (i.e. physical, verbal, cyber and indirect) based on gambling frequency and risk for gambling problems. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for male and female frequent gamblers to predict high-risk gambling based on bullying victimization. Results indicated that verbal bullying and the number of gambling activities one participated in the last year predicted high-risk gambling among males. For females, physical bullying and number of gambling activities predicted high-risk gambling. These results contribute to a better understanding of problem gambling and its relationship with various forms of bullying victimization among youth, with gender differences in the types of bullying victimization related to high-risk for problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 80-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1652669
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1652669
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:80-96
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wooksoo Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Wooksoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Healthy mahjong, little mahjong: social gambling among older Chinese immigrants in the U.S
Abstract:
Mahjong is considered a popular form of gambling in the Chinese culture, especially among older Chinese populations. However, there is a lack of research on mahjong playing among older Chinese immigrants and its impact on their lives. The current study explored the beliefs and experiences of mahjong through the lens of older Chinese immigrants residing in New York City. A total of 14 participants who played mahjong were included in the analysis. Thematic analysis revealed two major themes: The first theme, healthy mahjong, encompasses the positive roles and meaning of mahjong among older Chinese immigrants as it promotes social engagement and cognitive activity, and eliminates boredom. The second theme, little mahjong, focuses on the attitudes and behaviours used to keep their play under control, through small-scale betting, casual acceptance of winning and losing, and not making it a habit. Negative cases were also included to provide a full illustration of the participants’ views. The findings suggest that, despite a low risk of problem gambling, there may be a need for an intervention in order to increase awareness to prevent health consequences contributed by long periods of time spent sitting to play mahjong.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 97-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1672767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1672767
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:97-113
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan van der Tempel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Tempel
Author-Name: Katelin McDermott
Author-X-Name-First: Katelin
Author-X-Name-Last: McDermott
Author-Name: Mark Niepage
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Niepage
Author-Name: Tracie O. Afifi
Author-X-Name-First: Tracie O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Afifi
Author-Name: Shelley McMain
Author-X-Name-First: Shelley
Author-X-Name-Last: McMain
Author-Name: Farah Jindani
Author-X-Name-First: Farah
Author-X-Name-Last: Jindani
Author-Name: Ian Singer
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Singer
Author-Name: Isabel Paniak
Author-X-Name-First: Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Paniak
Author-Name: Sana Anwer
Author-X-Name-First: Sana
Author-X-Name-Last: Anwer
Author-Name: Karen Menezes
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Menezes
Author-Name: Daniela Lobo
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Lobo
Author-Name: Martin Zack
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zack
Title: Examining the effects of mindfulness practice and trait mindfulness on gambling symptoms in women with gambling disorder: a feasibility study
Abstract:
Women with gambling disorder (GD) exhibit high comorbidity, late onset and rapid escalation of symptoms, and a tendency to gamble to cope with negative affect. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be especially helpful to address these issues. This project investigated the feasibility and therapeutic potential of a 10-week group MBI in treatment-seeking women with GD (n = 9). The sample exhibited high scores on multiple measures of dysfunction and risk for GD. MBI was associated with clinically and statistically significant decreases in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling and a Gambling Craving Scale; decreased severity on the Beck Depression Inventory (p < .05), and more consistent attention to negative affective words on an emotional Stroop task (p = .05). Childhood exposure to violence and paternal over-control were inter-correlated, and each predicted lower distress tolerance. A between-groups design, comparing MBI with a validated GD treatment, would reduce the burden of repeated testing and enable direct recruitment through a treatment service to better target treatment-seeking individuals and promote retention in future studies. These preliminary data support the feasibility and therapeutic potential of MBI for women with GD.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 114-134
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1686766
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1686766
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:114-134
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Søren Kristiansen
Author-X-Name-First: Søren
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristiansen
Author-Name: Majbritt Christine Severin
Author-X-Name-First: Majbritt Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Severin
Title: Exploring groups of simulated gambling behaviour: a typological study among Danish adolescents
Abstract:
Using cluster analysis techniques, this study examined the differences and similarities in simulated gambling involvement in a sample of Danish adolescents. The data was collected through a survey of simulated gambling behaviour among a representative sample of Danish adolescents aged 12–16 (n = 755). A hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in three groups of young simulated gamblers: Occasional simulated gamblers (67.7%), involved simulated gamblers (15.7%), and potentially disordered simulated gamblers (16.6%). The occasional simulated gamblers group was characterized by a low level of simulated gambling involvement, occasional play with no monetary investment, and no signs of problematic gaming. The involved and potentially disordered simulated gambler groups showed higher degrees of involvement in simulated gambling, with the potentially disordered simulated gamblers showing a higher play frequency and a higher risk of problematic gaming and of monetary gambling problems. These indications of heterogeneity may serve as a starting point for further analyses of groups of young simulated gamblers, as the identified groups need further testing and refinement with representative data from other jurisdictions and the integration of supplementary variables. The main findings carry implications for policy and intervention, as the subgroups of simulated gamblers may assist in identifying those young people who are most at risk for developing gambling-related problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 135-150
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1697344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1697344
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:135-150
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard J. Rosenthal
Author-X-Name-First: Richard J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenthal
Title: Inclusion of pathological gambling in DSM-III, its classification as a disorder of impulse control, and the role of Robert Custer
Abstract:
The inclusion of pathological gambling (PG) in DSM-III was a watershed event for the field of gambling studies. Although research is lacking into the circumstances, both the literature and popular opinion credit the advocacy of Robert Custer as solely responsible. There is also little known about the creation of the category of impulse disorders into which PG was placed. The author searched the archives of the American Psychiatric Association, Gamblers Anonymous, and the National Council on Problem Gambling, and interviewed Robert Spitzer, who chaired the DSM-III Task Force, and other key participants. The category of impulse disorders, it was concluded, were heir to the monomanias and owe much to Esquirol’s early 19th century classification. Custer played no role in the decision to include PG in DSM-III. His actual contribution was arguably more important. He tried to avoid the conceptual problems that preoccupied the rest of the committee by focusing on the progression and harmful consequences. He presented a dynamic model that differed from the snapshot offered for the other disorders. It fit the definition of an addiction. Nevertheless, the contradictions and unresolved issues in the chapter lent confusion to the conceptualization of PG, where it belonged and what it was.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 151-170
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1638432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1638432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:151-170
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Understanding gambling and gaming skill and its implications for the convergence of gaming with electronic gaming machines
Abstract:
Skill-based elements are increasing being introduced to electronic gaming machines to appeal to a broad consumer cohort by offering different play experiences. In this paper, we examine what is meant by skill in gambling and to what extent electronic skilled-gambling games differ from existing forms of gambling. Using examples drawn from recent market releases, we examine the ways in which skill-elements are being incorporated into gaming machines. As we will highlight, the industry could look to profit from skillful games in different ways: one model might allow skillful play, but in a context where the long-term RTP always remains negative. Another model might allow individual players to obtain greater returns through competition against other players or genuine opportunities to obtain a positive RTP, but where this will only be achievable for a minority of players. We discuss the potential implications of these differences for player experiences as well as game profitability. We argue that a deeper understanding of how similar structural differences operate in video-gaming might provide useful insights into how popular and successful (from an industry perceptive) these games are likely to be as well as the potential implications for policies, problem gambling, and treatment.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 171-183
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1662824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1662824
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:171-183
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-1
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1660480
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1660480
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:1-1
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason D. Edgerton
Author-X-Name-First: Jason D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Edgerton
Author-Name: Matthew T. Keough
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keough
Author-Name: Lance W. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Lance W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Title: An exploratory study of alcohol dependence and problem gambling co-development trajectories in young adults
Abstract:
This study examines whether there are multiple trajectories of alcohol dependence and problem gambling symptom co-occurrence in a sample (n = 679) of emerging adults. Six joint trajectory classes were identified and several baseline risk factors were associated with increased probability of being in more problematic joint trajectory classes relative to the low-risk normative class. There was no joint trajectory class characterized by both higher problem gambling risk and persistent high alcohol dependence, suggesting that alcohol dependence and problem gambling are not directly related but perhaps share common underlying causes. Contrary to this, though, none of the examined risk factors were common to both more problematic gambling and drinking trajectories. Overall, the findings (which should be considered exploratory due to small class sizes) suggest the co-development of alcohol and gambling is not uniform across all young adults, and that the reciprocal nature of this relationship in adulthood may not solidify until later in young adulthood. Future research should re-examine these findings with a larger sample, spanning further into adulthood, with additional risk factors.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1497070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1497070
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:1-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark van der Maas
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Maas
Author-Name: Flora I. Matheson
Author-X-Name-First: Flora I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matheson
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Hayley A. Hamilton
Author-X-Name-First: Hayley A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamilton
Author-Name: Robert E. Mann
Author-X-Name-First: Robert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mann
Author-Name: John McCready
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: McCready
Title: A generational comparison of problem gambling and gambling attitudes among older adult gambling venue patrons
Abstract:
Gambling is a popular leisure activity for older adults (55+), and existing research suggests that overall older adults are less prone to problem gambling compared to younger cohorts. People born after World War II are now beginning to reach retirement age. The purpose of this article was to explore age-related cohort differences between people born from 1943 to 1960 compared to those born from 1925 to 1942 in their attitudes and behaviours related to gambling. This study employs a large sample (2103) of older adults collected at gambling locations across Southern Ontario, Canada in 2013. Comparisons were made using Pearson’s chi-squared tests for categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables with logarithmic transformations for highly-skewed variables. Those of the 1943 to 1960 cohort showed significantly higher problem gambling scores and per visit spending, but lower numbers of visits per year. There was no discernible pattern between cohorts in terms of attitudes toward gambling. Assumptions of lower risk of problem gambling among older adults will have to be re-evaluated as the post-war generation becomes an ever greater proportion of older adults.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 22-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1497071
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1497071
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:22-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tess Armstrong
Author-X-Name-First: Tess
Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Alexander Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Development and validation of the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS)
Abstract:
This article aimed to develop and validate a measure of protective beliefs – distinct from the absence of erroneous beliefs – that may be associated with resistance to gambling problems. Study 1 was designed to determine the reliability and content validity of a preliminary set of protective belief items. Participants (N = 1479, 813 males) also completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Most items were associated with reduced risk of problems; however, items relating to an awareness of gambling harm, and preparedness to lose money were positively correlated with gambling problems and were therefore not demonstrably protective. Study 2 sought to reduce scale size and assess the scale’s ability to predict risk of gambling problems. Participants (N = 1168, 625 males) completed belief items, the PGSI, and measures of gambling consumption and cognitive distortions. Results showed that endorsement of protective beliefs was negatively correlated with PGSI, gambling consumption and cognitive distortions, and predicted PGSI above that of cognitive distortions. Findings suggest that the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS) offers a unique tool for understanding resistance to the development of gambling problems. Future research should focus on exploring whether protective beliefs can diminish the likelihood of the onset of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 36-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1500624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1500624
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:36-53
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servane Barrault
Author-X-Name-First: Servane
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrault
Author-Name: Sasha Mathieu
Author-X-Name-First: Sasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathieu
Author-Name: Paul Brunault
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunault
Author-Name: Isabelle Varescon
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Varescon
Title: Does gambling type moderate the links between problem gambling, emotion regulation, anxiety, depression and gambling motives
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to assess the link between emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and gambling motives among a population of regular gamblers, distinguishing between strategic and chance game players. We recruited 287 regular gamblers online, including both problem (PG) and non-problem gamblers (NPG). All participants completed online questionnaires to screen for problem gambling (SOGS) and to assess emotion regulation (ERQ), anxiety and depression (HADS) and gambling motives (GMQ-F). In this sample, 33.4% of participants were PG. PG scored significantly higher than NPG on the GMQ-F (except for the social subscale) and HADS, but not in ERQ. Gamblers who played both strategic and chance games displayed more frequent and severe gambling problems and had higher depression and anxiety scores than those playing only strategic games. Overall, enhancement and financial motives and depression significantly predicted PG. Finally, the study found that gambling type moderates the relationship between problem gambling and expressive suppression, depression and gambling motives. The results show the intricate relationship between gambling motives and psychiatric symptoms (in particular, depression) in PG. Mixed and strategic gamblers share common motives, but coping, financial and enhancement were stronger among PG. Finally, they emphasize the differences between different types of gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 54-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1501403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1501403
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:54-68
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mal Flack
Author-X-Name-First: Mal
Author-X-Name-Last: Flack
Author-Name: Matt Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens
Title: Gambling motivation: comparisons across gender and preferred activity
Abstract:
People gamble for emotional, social and monetary reasons. However, it remains unclear whether the relationships between these distinct aspects of gambling motivation and gambling behaviour hold across gender and types of gambling. Thus, the current study compared gambling motivation across different subgroups while taking into account problem gambling severity. A total of 4945 adults were recruited as part of the Northern Territory (Australia) population gambling survey. Of the full sample, 1207 participants (52% female) completed the Gambling Outcomes Expectancies Scale to assess gambling motivation. This subsample comprised those who scored one or more on the PGSI (n = 407) and a random sample of those who gambled at least once a year with a PGSI of zero (n = 800). The findings revealed excitement, escape and monetary expectancies increased in concert with gambling risk for both men and women, although only escape differentiated the low-risk and at-risk gamblers when other expectancies were controlled. In relation to differences across types of gambling, horse races/sports bettors rated excitement but not escape more favourably than lottery players. These findings suggest problem gambling severity should be considered when examining motivation difference by gender and that gambling motivation depends, in part, on preferred activity.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 69-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1505936
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1505936
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:69-84
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ursula Gisela Buchner
Author-X-Name-First: Ursula Gisela
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchner
Author-Name: Annalena Koytek
Author-X-Name-First: Annalena
Author-X-Name-Last: Koytek
Author-Name: Norbert Wodarz
Author-X-Name-First: Norbert
Author-X-Name-Last: Wodarz
Author-Name: Jörg Wolstein
Author-X-Name-First: Jörg
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolstein
Title: Is an e-mental health programme a viable way to reach affected others of disordered gamblers? A feasibility study focusing on access and retention
Abstract:
Although affected family members (AFMs) of disordered gamblers suffer from highly stressful living conditions and are in need of specialized help, access to and knowledge of professional support is limited. To improve this situation, an e-mental health programme called EfA with one information module and five consecutive training modules was developed. The study investigated (1) promotion of and referral to EfA, (2) duration of visits and conversion rate, and (3) participants’ characteristics and retention in EfA. In 9 months, 6357 visits were counted. Most visitors arrived at the website via direct access. Those using search terms most commonly used phrases that were used in promotional materials. Per month, 16.1 new potential participants registered. The final sample consisted of 126 participants, most of them female, with high daily Internet usage and low use of prior professional support or self-help. More than one-third finished all modules. This is the first time that data on an e-mental health programme for this clientele was collected in Germany. Findings imply the importance of promoting such a programme in order to reach a clientele that has not had prior help and also show that it is a viable way to reach AFMs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 85-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1515974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1515974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:85-105
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Rolando
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolando
Author-Name: Franca Beccaria
Author-X-Name-First: Franca
Author-X-Name-Last: Beccaria
Title: ‘Got to gamble, but I’ve got no money.’ A qualitative analysis of gambling careers in South Italy
Abstract:
With its geographical differences, Italy provides an interesting case study for analysing the cultural and contextual origin of gambling-related problems. By investigating gambling careers, the study sought to scrutinize the interplay between the personal and environmental factors – including social and cultural aspects – that influence changes in gambling habits among gamblers in Naples (South Italy). The convenience sample consisted of 42 problem and recreational gamblers, male and female, aged between 23 and 71 years, with different employment status and educational level. Results clarify how Neapolitans’ gambling habits have moved towards individualization over time, how availability contributes to increasing gambling in various ways, and how employment status and concerns about money can increase the risk of gambling-related problems, thereby increasing socio-economic inequalities. Confirming previous studies, the study casts doubt on the idea that problem gambling is a chronic and progressive disease, and suggests that periods of excessive gambling can be followed by periods of regulated activity, even without turning to formal treatment. However, life events – either positive or negative – can hinder attempts to regulate gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 106-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1517816
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1517816
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:106-124
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kumiko Akiyama
Author-X-Name-First: Kumiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Akiyama
Author-Name: Kikunori Shinohara
Author-X-Name-First: Kikunori
Author-X-Name-Last: Shinohara
Author-Name: Akira Sakamoto
Author-X-Name-First: Akira
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakamoto
Author-Name: Akiyo Shoun
Author-X-Name-First: Akiyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Shoun
Author-Name: Yasunobu Komoto
Author-X-Name-First: Yasunobu
Author-X-Name-Last: Komoto
Author-Name: Taku Sato
Author-X-Name-First: Taku
Author-X-Name-Last: Sato
Author-Name: Naoyuki Nishimura
Author-X-Name-First: Naoyuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Nishimura
Author-Name: Hitoshi Ishida
Author-X-Name-First: Hitoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ishida
Author-Name: Nobuo Makino
Author-X-Name-First: Nobuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Makino
Title: Risk of gambling disorder based on participation level for the Japanese gambling games of pachinko and pachislot: a preliminary study
Abstract:
It has been reported that Japan may have many disordered pachinko/pachislot players, and taking some countermeasures is required. This study proposes high-risk limits, an index developed by employing a calculating method of low-risk limits to identify disordered players and to contribute to the development of countermeasures. High-risk limits can be established by gambling disorder scale items and participation levels measured in a population survey. The study preliminarily examined how different high-risk limits could be established by using three commonly used scales: SOGS, PGSI and DSM-5. The sample comprised 522 registered panel members for a web survey company, who lived in the Tokyo metropolitan area and played pachinko/pachislot in the last year. They answered items on three gambling disorder scales and four types of participation, such as average monthly loss. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the three scales had same optimal limits for high-risk participation: average monthly loss of 20,000–50,000 JPY and the average monthly loss/yearly household income of 0.003-0.005. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that high-risk participation predicted the disorder irrespective of demographics. The results of this study suggested that high-risk limits can be established using the disorder scales commonly used in prevalence surveys.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 125-147
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1520908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1520908
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:125-147
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damien A. Dowd
Author-X-Name-First: Damien A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowd
Author-Name: Matthew T. Keough
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keough
Author-Name: Lorna S. Jakobson
Author-X-Name-First: Lorna S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakobson
Author-Name: James M. Bolton
Author-X-Name-First: James M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolton
Author-Name: Jason D. Edgerton
Author-X-Name-First: Jason D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Edgerton
Title: A latent class analysis of young adult gamblers from the Manitoba Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults
Abstract:
Informed by the Pathways Model, the current study utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive subtypes of gamblers based on measures of impulsivity, anxiety, depression, drug use and alcohol dependence. The sample in this study (N = 566) was comprised of young adult gamblers (18–22 years of age) who participated in the Manitoba Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults (MLSYA). Multinomial regression was utilized to examine how demographic variables and participant scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) predicted membership in gambler classes from the LCA. Results of the LCA revealed three classes of gamblers: emotionally vulnerable, non-problem and impulsive. Multinomial regression showed that older age (i.e. 20–22 years of age), lower income (< $20,000 per year), living independently and PGSI scores were associated with increased odds of being classified as an impulsive gambler. Identifying as European, living independently and PGSI scores were associated with increased odds of being grouped in the emotionally vulnerable class of gambler. These results suggest that young adult gamblers are not a homogeneous group but instead are best understood as falling into different subtypes based on shared characteristics outlined in the Pathways Model.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 148-166
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1520909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1520909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:148-166
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tuomo Kainulainen
Author-X-Name-First: Tuomo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kainulainen
Title: A new measure of risk-taking in gambling
Abstract:
This study uses a simple metric to assess the degree of risk an individual player takes on while gambling. The player’s average potential gross win per bet placed captures both the amount of money put at risk and the volatility of returns, each of which will be correlated with risk of gambling harm. To illustrate the potential usefulness of this metric, the study analyses individual account data relating to online bets on horse racing. Analysing total stakes, the traditional indicator of risk taking, and applying ordinary least squares regression, the greatest risk takers appear to be males in their mid-fifties. Using the new metric and applying quantile regression to allow a focus on heavier bettors, the highest risk takers are shown as substantially younger, males around 30. Choice of metric and estimation method therefore matter and the approach proposed here could be used by operators to identify which online players take greatest risks.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 167-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1526312
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2018.1526312
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:167-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damien A. Dowd
Author-X-Name-First: Damien A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowd
Author-Name: Matthew T. Keough
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keough
Author-Name: Lorna S. Jakobson
Author-X-Name-First: Lorna S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakobson
Author-Name: James M. Bolton
Author-X-Name-First: James M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolton
Author-Name: Jason D. Edgerton
Author-X-Name-First: Jason D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Edgerton
Title: A longitudinal examination of gambling subtypes in young adulthood
Abstract:
In previous research informed by the Pathways Model (an aetiological framework for problem and disordered gambling), latent mixture modelling was used to identify subtypes of gamblers based on measures of impulsivity, anxiety, depression, drug use, and alcohol dependence. The current study extended these findings by: (a) determining if similar subtypes would be identified in the same sample two years later; and (b) utilizing latent transition analysis (LTA) to determine if class membership remained stable over this time period. The sample (N = 566) included young adult gamblers. In line with previous work on Wave 2 of these data and theoretical considerations, a three class model of gamblers was retained at Wave 4: Non-Problem, Emotionally Vulnerable, and Impulsive. The LTA suggested that the majority of Non-Problem gamblers remained in the same class over time. In contrast, Emotionally Vulnerable gamblers were most likely to transition into the Non-Problem Gambler class, and Impulsive Gamblers were equally likely to transition into the Non-Problem and Emotionally Vulnerable classes. Our study provides evidence for the subtypes of gamblers outlined in the Pathways Model. It is also the first study to provide evidence that membership within Emotionally Vulnerable and Impulsive gambling subtypes is unstable during young adulthood.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 185-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1697343
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1697343
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:185-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anja Bischof
Author-X-Name-First: Anja
Author-X-Name-Last: Bischof
Author-Name: Gallus Bischof
Author-X-Name-First: Gallus
Author-X-Name-Last: Bischof
Author-Name: Christian Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Author-Name: Ulrich John
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich
Author-X-Name-Last: John
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Rumpf
Title: Untreated pathological gamblers: who recovers and who does not?
Abstract:
Most individuals with a lifetime history of pathological gambling (PGs) overcome their gambling problems without formal help. Little is known about factors associated with recovery in gamblers without treatment. The aim of this study was to examine associations of psychiatric comorbidity and social conditions with remission among untreated PGs. Two recruitment channels (population-based and self-referred) were used to obtain a nation-wide sample from Germany. The sample included 118 PGs with no prior experience of help-seeking for gambling problems who received a clinical interview to assess psychiatric comorbidity, severity of disorder, social pressure, social support, and life satisfaction. Of the 118 PGs, 46.6% were recovered. Compared to current PGs, recovered PGs were older and had suffered from significantly more adverse consequences prior to recovery (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.04–1.33, p = .008). Additionally, they had experienced less social support (OR: 0.97, CI: 0.94–1.00, p = .027). No differences in terms of the number of DSM-IV criteria, financial loss, gambling intensity, and duration were found. Moreover, psychiatric disorders did not differ between groups. Untreated recovery from gambling may be independent of the severity of PG and psychiatric comorbidity. Social support might have an attenuating effect on the consequences of PG and therefore might reduce the perceived need for change.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 200-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1703201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2019.1703201
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:200-213
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alberto Parrado-González
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Parrado-González
Author-Name: José C. León-Jariego
Author-X-Name-First: José C.
Author-X-Name-Last: León-Jariego
Title: Exposure to gambling advertising and adolescent gambling behaviour. Moderating effects of perceived family support
Abstract:
The main objective of the growing gambling advertising offer is to attract new gamblers to this market and adolescents are an especially vulnerable group to this call. Thus, research should study the process through which advertising influences adolescent gambling behaviour. In a sample of 1,174 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years, we hypothesized a model in which exposure to gambling advertising influences gambling frequency promoting favourable attitudes and normalizing gambling as a socially acceptable behaviour. The majority of the effect of exposure to gambling advertising was mediated by attitudes and descriptive norms. In this model, exposure to gambling advertising also had a direct effect on gambling frequency, which, moreover, mediated its impact on problem gambling. Likewise, gambling frequency was associated with problem gambling. Subsequently, the moderating effect of perceived family support was examined. In adolescents with high family support, exposure to gambling advertising did not promote favourable attitudes towards gambling and gambling frequency had less effect on problem gambling. Preventive strategies with recommendations for regulators, gambling operators, health professionals and families are proposed. Finally, some limitations of this study, which could be improved in future research, are outlined.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 214-230
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1712737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1712737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:214-230
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takeshi Mori
Author-X-Name-First: Takeshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Mori
Author-Name: Rei Goto
Author-X-Name-First: Rei
Author-X-Name-Last: Goto
Title: Prevalence of problem gambling among Japanese adults
Abstract:
The prevalence of problem gambling has garnered considerable interest in numerous developed countries. In Japan, problem gambling may be far more prevalent than in other developed countries; however, there is little empirical research confirming this. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence of problem gambling in Japan using a standardized screening tool: The South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised (SOGS-R) and investigated the association between problem gambling and demographics such as gender, age, marital status, income, and educational background. We believe this study is necessary because gambling is a growing social problem in Japan that could worsen with the expected introduction of casinos in Japan due to the legalization of casino gambling in December 2016. Therefore, we surveyed participants’ experience of casino games both on the internet and abroad. Cross-sectional data were collected via a web-based survey of 6576 Japanese adults 20 years old and older. We found that the prevalence rate of problem gambling in Japan was significantly high from an international perspective. Restricting casino accessibility for individuals with high-risk factors could be effective in reducing gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 231-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1713852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1713852
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:231-239
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Houghton
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Houghton
Author-Name: Mark Moss
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Moss
Author-Name: Emma Casey
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Casey
Title: Affiliate marketing of sports betting – a cause for concern?
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 240-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1718737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1718737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:240-245
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: André Syvertsen
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Syvertsen
Author-Name: Eilin Kristine Erevik
Author-X-Name-First: Eilin Kristine
Author-X-Name-Last: Erevik
Author-Name: Rune Aune Mentzoni
Author-X-Name-First: Rune Aune
Author-X-Name-Last: Mentzoni
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: Gambling Addiction Norway – experiences among members of a Norwegian self-help group for problem gambling
Abstract:
Most previous studies on self-help groups for problem gambling have been conducted in the US and Canada involving Gamblers Anonymous. We report findings from an interview study with an phenomenological approach comprising nine participants from two Gambling Addiction Norway self-help groups, thus examining another location and type of self-help group. Gambling Addiction Norway is atheoretical, the groups and their work are not based on specific beliefs or strategies for recovery. Participants met the criteria for current (n = 4) or life-time (n = 5) Gambling Disorder (GD). Thematic analysis was used to investigate how group processes were experienced. Three themes were identified. The first theme ‘Shared narratives and understanding’ included accounts of relatedness, understanding, hope of recovery, and socially rewarding experiences. The second theme ‘Keeping it relevant to problem gambling’ included accounts of disagreements over meeting structure, contemplation and realization of one’s gambling problem and gambling-related content. The final theme ‘Changes over time’ included accounts of starting in the group, reduction of gambling urges among people with current GD and relapse prevention among people with life-time GD. Results are interpreted in light of established theories of self-help groups and suggest that common therapeutic factors operate across various types of self-help groups for problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 246-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1722200
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1722200
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:246-261
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Vinberg
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinberg
Author-Name: Natalie Durbeej
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Durbeej
Author-Name: Ingvar Rosendahl
Author-X-Name-First: Ingvar
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosendahl
Title: Gambling and gambling problem among elite athletes and their professional coaches: findings from a Swedish total population survey of participants in four sports
Abstract:
This study assessed the following among elite athletes and their coaches in Sweden: (i) prevalence of gambling and ‘at risk for gambling problems’ (PGSI 3+); and (ii) relations between ‘at risk for gambling problems’ and attitudes towards gambling, experiences of gambling, and individual and demographic factors. A total of 1438 athletes and 401 coaches, in four sports, completed an online survey. Overall, 2% of female athletes and 13% of male athletes were classified as being ‘at risk for gambling problems’. Using an ordinal logistic regression, the results showed associations between ‘at risk for gambling problems’ and eight of the investigated variables: ‘talk about gambling during training’, ‘coaches positive attitude towards gambling’, ‘gambling companies encourage gambling’, ‘I have gambled on own game’, ‘someone I know has gambled on their own game’, ‘gambling is important in the family’, ‘someone in my acquaintance have/had a gambling problem’, ‘alcohol consumption’ among the athletes. Coaches of men’s teams had a higher prevalence (7%) than did coaches of women’s teams (3%). The findings suggest that the sports clubs should have greater knowledge about gambling problems as well as a communication strategy of their acquired knowledge to their athletes and coaches.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 262-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1726990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1726990
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:262-281
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: Richard T. A. Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard T. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Kahlil Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: An examination of the validity and reliability of the Positive Play Scale: findings from a Canadian national study
Abstract:
The Positive Play Scale (PPS) is a self-report measure that assesses responsible gambling beliefs and behaviours amongst players. The PPS was shown to be a reliable and valid measure that consisted of four subscales: Personal Responsibility, Gambling Literacy, Honesty and Control, and Pre-commitment. However, the PPS development research had limitations, including the use of an exploratory statistical approach, treating the non-normally distributed PPS item-level data as continuous, and the use of samples that consisted mainly of older players living in British Columbia, Canada. Herein, we replicated and extended the four-factor structure of the PPS using exploratory structural equation modelling with PPS item-data modelled as ordered categorical in a large and demographically diverse sample of players from across Canada (N = 5751). Once again, the four-factor structure of the PPS provided an excellent fit to the data. PPS factors were all internally consistent. Results also replicated and extended findings from prior research. Specifically, all PPS subscales were negatively correlated with measures of disordered gambling beliefs and behaviours, risk factors (e.g. impulsivity) and gambling motives (e.g. financial). Findings indicate that the PPS is a reliable and valid tool that assesses responsible gambling beliefs and behaviours, which can be used to inform responsible gambling initiatives.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 282-295
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1732442
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1732442
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:282-295
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Rolando
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolando
Author-Name: Alice Scavarda
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Scavarda
Author-Name: Paolo Jarre
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarre
Author-Name: Franca Beccaria
Author-X-Name-First: Franca
Author-X-Name-Last: Beccaria
Title: The social debate about gambling regulation in Italy: an analysis of stakeholders’ arguments
Abstract:
The Italian gambling market has been growing since the 1990s, becoming one of the world’s largest markets. However, since 2004, a number of municipalities have taken measures to limit the negative outcomes of gambling by introducing local regulations, especially ‘timing’ and ‘zoning’ measures aimed at reducing the number of Electronic Gambling Machines. This attempt to limit gambling has sparked strong reactions from the State and the industry. Drawing on data from three focus groups conducted in two Italian Regions involving 30 participants belonging to a broad variety of stakeholders, the present study aims to provide a picture of the current debate on gambling regulation. The study applies qualitative content analysis to examine the stakeholders’ different arguments and shows how the rhetorical strategies of the industry – namely confining the risks to specific vulnerable targets, negative impact on the labor market, increase in illegal gambling, ineffectiveness of local regulation in reducing problem gambling – play a major role in the social construction of the problem. Other stakeholders’ and social actors’ arguments are weak by comparison. To counteract the industry’s rhetoric, more studies of gambling policies and regulation are needed, while scientific evidence should be more effectively disseminated.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 296-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1737722
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1737722
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:296-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jasmine Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Daniel S. McGrath
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel S.
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath
Author-Name: Kristianne Dechant
Author-X-Name-First: Kristianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Dechant
Title: Similar motives? The relationship between reasons for drinking and gambling in a population sample
Abstract:
This study examined whether motives for drinking and gambling have a similar conceptual structure in a representative sample of adults. Since instruments that measure motives for gambling were developed based on drinking motives, the present study further examines whether similar underlying intentions exist more broadly across addictive behaviors or if underlying motivational processes are distinct. Three specific motivational concepts (coping, enhancement and social) have been associated with both drinking and gambling, but few studies have examined overlap in motives. This study applied confirmatory factor analysis with two instruments (Drinking Motives Questionnaire and the Gambling Motives Questionnaire – Financial) to assess whether a theoretically-informed model applied to a general population sample of adults 18 years and older (N = 740). Although combined drinking and gambling coping motives produced adequate fit, the best model supported separate underlying motives for drinking and gambling in this sample. The findings indicate limited overlap in motives for these two addictive behaviors; however, this could be related to the composition of the sample. Further research should examine a clinical sample of drinkers/gamblers. Results have implications for interventions and policy, in particular the importance of niche targeting of separate coping motives for problematic alcohol use and gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 315-330
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1746378
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1746378
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:315-330
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michelle Beckett
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Beckett
Author-Name: Brittany Keen
Author-X-Name-First: Brittany
Author-X-Name-Last: Keen
Author-Name: Douglas J. Angus
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Angus
Author-Name: Dylan Pickering
Author-X-Name-First: Dylan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pickering
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Responsible gambling staff training in land-based venues: a systematic review
Abstract:
Multiple jurisdictions legislate responsible gambling staff training for providers of land-based gambling products or include it within the industry codes of conduct. Current training programs appear to focus on basic compliance with regulatory requirements. Although programs contain problem gambling information, staff are required to respond only when approached by individuals seeking assistance. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and preregistration protocols was undertaken to evaluate existing evidence of staff training program effectiveness and to assess the quality of the selected studies. 1,306 articles were identifiedbased gambling venues characterized by face-to-face contact with gambling customers. Results showed several methodological weaknesses in the studies which precluded any substantive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of training programs in reducing gambling-related fell short in providing practical skills necessary to deal with difficult situations. These findings imply that staff training programs should incorporate practical skill development for the proactive management of individuals exhibiting behavioral indicators of problem gambling Multiple jurisdictions legislate responsible gambling staff training for providers of land-based gambling products or include it within the industry codes of conduct. Current training programs appear to focus on basic compliance with regulatory requirements. Although programs contain problem gambling information, staff are required to respond only when approached by individuals seeking assistance. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and preregistration protocols was undertaken to evaluate existing evidence of staff training program effectiveness and to assess the quality of the selected studies. 1,306 articles were identified. 22 met the inclusion criteria of staff training programs in land-based gambling venues characterized by face-to-face contact with gambling customers. Results showed several methodological weaknesses in the studies which precluded any substantive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of training programs in reducing gambling-related harm. The findings did suggest that training programs provided some benefit to staff members overall and are reflected in the positive influence on staff confidence in assisting individuals showing signs of harm. However, programs fell short in providing practical skills necessary to deal with difficult situations. These findings imply that staff training programs should incorporate practical skill development for the management of individuals exhibiting behavioral indicators of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 331-367
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1737723
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1737723
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:331-367
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Author-Name: Thomas B. Swanton
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanton
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: Avoiding use of stigmatising descriptors in gambling studies
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 369-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1808774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1808774
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:369-372
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyoun S. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Gambling-gaming convergence: new developments and future directions
Abstract:
The distinction between gambling and gaming activities has become increasingly blurred. One of the principal causes of this is technological convergence, a term which refers to the growing co-location and inter-relationship between different classes of activities. Some argue that convergence may increase the appeal and accessibility of gambling to susceptible or vulnerable individuals. Studies into the nature and effects of convergence have expanded considerably over the last decade. However, researchers and policymakers have often struggled to keep abreast of the pace of technological development and of the breadth of topics that now emerge within this research area. To address these issues, we present this special issue, which highlights new developments in gambling-gaming convergence research. Important topics include: social casino games, simulated Internet gambling, skill-based gaming machines, gambling mechanisms on Twitch.tv, substance use across gambling and gaming activities, and, the extent to which gaming might act as a potential ‘gateway’ to gambling. A common theme was that new technologies are constantly enabling innovations and changes to gambling opportunities, which can affect some vulnerable users involved in these activities. We outline further research avenues to better understand the impacts of digital gambling technologies and to support appropriate regulatory and public health responses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 373-379
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1822905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1822905
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:373-379
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Gaming-gambling convergence: evaluating evidence for the ‘gateway’ hypothesis
Abstract:
Similarities between video-games and gambling have led to the proposition that video-gaming could act as a ‘gateway’ activity for gambling. In this paper, we review the major lines of evidence advanced to support this idea, including evidence for the co-occurrence of the two activities; the relationship between problem gambling and problem gaming; and, studies of gambling and loot boxes. Our review suggests that, at best, only a small correlation exists between overall gambling and video-game engagement and this may often be accounted for by underlying demographic and personality variables. We find even less evidence to support a direct relationship between problem gaming and problem gambling. However, problem gambling symptoms appear to be positively related to loot-box purchases. Gamblers who play video-games may be attracted to features that enable them to engage in risk-taking via familiar systems of variable reinforcement. Less evidence supports the view that loot-boxes encourage gambling or facilitate an entry point into other types of gambling, including those associated with gaming (e.g. esports betting). Overall, this review found little convincing evidence in support of the ‘gateway hypothesis’ and suggests that further longitudinal research is necessary to strengthen our understanding of the links between video-gaming and gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 380-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1768430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1768430
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:380-392
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Mark R. Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Mark R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Title: Gambling engagement mechanisms in Twitch live streaming
Abstract:
This paper examines the ongoing gamblification of engagement mechanisms on the live streaming website Twitch.tv (Twitch). Twitch is the market-leading platform for live broadcast of digital games and digital gambling, with two million content creators reaching around one hundred and fifty million viewers per month. Streamers use a variety of monetization techniques to encourage fan engagement while generating revenue: this includes incorporating chance-based elements and unpredictable rewards, part of the ongoing broader convergence of gambling and gaming products. The primary research objective for this study is to investigate the chance-based mechanics in these stream interaction and engagement services, how they work, and how these mechanics fit within elements of traditional legal definitions of gambling: consideration, chance, and prize. Understanding how game spectators engage with streamers helps establish a foundation for understanding how emerging forms of media engagement fit within a policy landscape that might not be designed for technology-driven gambling and gaming consumption. The themes that emerge here have important implications for streamers who monetize, stream extension developers who operate in spaces where certain game mechanics may fall into gambling or other consumer protection oversight, and regulatory authorities who maintain that oversight.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 393-413
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1766097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1766097
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:393-413
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Macey
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Macey
Author-Name: Jani Kinnunen
Author-X-Name-First: Jani
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinnunen
Title: The convergence of play: interrelations of social casino gaming, gambling, and digital gaming in Finland
Abstract:
This study provides an overview of the interactions between the playing of digital games, gambling activities and Social Casino Games (SCG) in the Finnish context. Earlier studies of SCG playing have predominantly focused on US and Australian markets, and have not included digital gaming in examinations. This study uses cross-tabulation to analyze data from a nationally representative survey (n = 946). SCG play was found to be associated with lower levels of educational attainment, younger males, increased digital game play, gambling in digital games, increased use of free-to-play (F2P) games, and microtransactions. Finally, positive associations were found to exist with established forms of gambling, both online and offline. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of growing convergence between digital gaming and gambling as it is the first to consider digital game play, SCG play and participation in gambling holistically. It found stronger associations between digital game play and SCG play than between gambling consumption and SCG play, thereby highlighting the importance of context in relationships between digital game consumption and gambling. Furthermore, younger generations of Finns are likely to experience convergent gambling-gaming elements in digital gaming platforms and online environments before engaging in traditional gambling activities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 414-435
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1770834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1770834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:414-435
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen Li
Author-X-Name-First: Wen
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Devin Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Devin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Title: Validation of the problematic social casino gaming scale
Abstract:
Few investigations have focused on problematic social casino gaming. Social casino games are a type of video game that feature gambling elements. Unlike gambling machines, social casino games present with a number of added interactive features that render them more like video games. Therefore, problematic social casino gaming may present with symptoms that reflect both problem video gaming and problem gambling. To investigate the overlap, this study examined a new measure – the Problematic Social Casino Gaming Scale (PSCGS) – in 436 social casino game players. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure that was further supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The PSCGS demonstrated high internal consistency. The latent profile analysis of the PSCGS classified participants into three groups, representing different levels of problematic social casino gaming. Players classified as high severity played social casino games more frequently, were more likely to spend money on social casino games, and evidenced greater severity of problem video gaming and problem gambling than other players. Collectively, results provide initial evidence of the psychometric properties of the PSCGS and characteristics of problematic social casino gaming. Such findings could inform future research into the etiology, nature, and course of problematic social casino gaming.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 436-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1777577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1777577
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:436-451
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: A qualitative study of participant experience with skill gaming machines in comparison to electronic gaming machines
Abstract:
New variants of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) are being developed that incorporate gaming elements. Policies to govern the use of skill gaming machines (SGMs) must be predicated on evidence of their impact, which is currently lacking. Focus groups (N = 21) were conducted with university students, regular EGM players, and community members who played an EGM and SGM. Participants clearly perceived that SGMs involved a skill component, although most did not have a good understanding of how SGMs work. There was evidence of greater immersion in SGMs, but this was restricted to the feature in which money was not gambled and time was limited. Participants reported a mixture of both negative and positive emotions during play on both SGMs and EGMs reflecting some consumers enjoying the gaming-elements to a greater extent. The results indicate that SGMs would likely appeal to a subset of consumers and most consumers would not have a good initial understanding of these machines.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 452-465
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1789890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1789890
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:452-465
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim Brosowski
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Brosowski
Author-Name: Tobias Turowski
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Turowski
Author-Name: Tobias Hayer
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayer
Title: Simulated gambling consumption mediation model (SGCMM): disentangling convergence with parallel mediation models
Abstract:
Simulated Internet gambling (SG) raises concerns, especially with regard to adolescents, because it may facilitate monetary gambling or problem gambling (PG). Only scarce research examined mechanisms via which SG prospectively impacts gambling onset or PG. The study fills this gap by using longitudinal survey-data (12 months; N = 1,178 pupils from Northern Germany; M = 13.6 years; 47.5% male). Parallel mediation models in different types of SG (via video games, apps, social networks, demo games) were applied to disaggregate bivariate associations of last year participation at the first stage of the survey with two outcomes: (1) PG, (2) gambling onset, both after 12 months. Mediating effects via patterns of consumption, cognition or other problematic online behaviors were examined. Both outcomes were impacted by different types of SG via quite different mechanisms: SG impacted PG mostly via indirect effects of gambling depth (maximum gambling frequency), irrational cognitions, and problematic Internet gaming (problematic Internet use revealed to be a PG decreasing mechanism). Onset was impacted via increased perception of advertising (only for SG in video games and social networks). Prospective parallel mediation models reveal relevant etiological pathways of SG on PG or gambling onset in a more exhaustive way than prior research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 466-486
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1799426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1799426
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:466-486
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Elena Petrovskaya
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrovskaya
Author-Name: David Zendle
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Zendle
Title: Defining the esports bettor: evidence from an online panel survey of emerging adults
Abstract:
Competitive video gaming (esports) is a growing multi-national, billion-dollar industry. Esports cultures replicate traditional sports cultures, involving elite athletes, teams, league sponsorships, large viewing audiences, high profile leagues and championships, and opportunities to bet on outcomes. However, little is known about people who bet on esports, it is generally considered a niche practice. Using data from the Emerging Adults Gambling Study, a non-probability survey of 3549 people aged 16–24 living in Great Britain, the profile of esports bettors was compared with those who bet on other sports and non-gamblers. Those who bet on esports were more likely to be male, to be from nonwhite ethnic groups, to be heavily involved in playing digital games themselves, and to have higher rates of gambling involvement and problem gambling. Multivariate analysis showed a strong relationship between engaging in gambling-like practices within digital games and esports betting (for example, the purchase of loot boxes for money, or betting skins on external websites). Frequency of playing digital games was not associated with esports betting, suggesting it is not how often someone engages with digital games that is correlated with esports betting, but rather the different type of practices they undertake when playing video games.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 487-499
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1826559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1826559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:487-499
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Georgia Grattan
Author-X-Name-First: Georgia
Author-X-Name-Last: Grattan
Title: Skill gambling machines and electronic gaming machines: participation, erroneous beliefs, and understanding of outcomes
Abstract:
Skill-based gaming machines (SGMs) include a skill-element within the random mechanisms of electronic gaming machines (EGMs). Concerns have been expressed that SGMs may increase erroneous beliefs among gamblers, which would exacerbate gambling problems. This paper presents the results of a survey of 184 Mechanical Turk workers with access to SGMs. Exploratory analyses were conducted on measures assessing understanding of the role of skill vs. chance in determining outcomes in SGMs, EGMs, and other gambling and gaming activities, gambling participation, problem gambling severity, and gambling-specific erroneous beliefs. SGM play was greater among participants who were younger, more frequently played mobile games or gambled on EGMs, and had higher problem gambling severity. Participants with prior SGM play experience did not have a greater understanding of SGMs, and had less accurate understanding of how EGMs operate, yet had a higher self-reported understanding. The results suggest that individuals with existing gambling problems may gamble on SGMs and that SGMs may also appeal to a new cohort who do not engage with existing gambling activities. Greater efforts are needed to enhance understanding of EGMs in addition to SGMs where these are available to enabled informed decision-making and reduce erroneous beliefs that may drive problematic play.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 500-514
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1828991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1828991
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:500-514
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie S. Merkouris
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Merkouris
Author-Name: Chloe O. Hawker
Author-X-Name-First: Chloe O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawker
Author-Name: Simone N. Rodda
Author-X-Name-First: Simone N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodda
Author-Name: George J. Youssef
Author-X-Name-First: George J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Youssef
Author-Name: Nicki A. Dowling
Author-X-Name-First: Nicki A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowling
Title: GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge: Development and usability testing of a smartphone-delivered ecological momentary intervention for problem gambling
Abstract:
Smartphone apps are suitable for delivering mental health treatment in real-time. This study aimed to develop and test the usability of one of the first smartphone app-delivered ecological momentary interventions for gambling (GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge), with key Australian stakeholders (ten consumers, nine gambling clinicians, and ten gambling researchers). Based on relapse prevention principles, the intervention comprised 10 activities to curb cravings, which were recommended to participants based on ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of gambling cravings. Participants tested the usability of the intervention over one-week and reported on the content’s helpfulness, the EMA’s relevance/burden, the Mobile App Rating Scale, and open-ended items assessing content and functionality. The intervention content, helpfulness, and usability were rated highly in quantitative and qualitative assessments. Participants liked practical and instructive content, but suggested that the intervention could be more engaging, interactive, and varied, and the number of EMA questions per timepoint could be reduced. These preliminary findings were promising for the intervention’s acceptability and usability. All groups indicated that they would recommend this app, as it could increase knowledge, attitudes, awareness, behavior change, intention to change, and help-seeking for gambling cravings. Further research is required to refine the intervention and examine its effectiveness with gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 515-538
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1749293
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1749293
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:515-538
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Devin J. Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Devin J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Loredana Marchica
Author-X-Name-First: Loredana
Author-X-Name-Last: Marchica
Author-Name: Matthew T. Keough
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keough
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: Exploring differences in substance use among emerging adults at-risk for problem gambling, and/or problem video gaming
Abstract:
Both problem gambling (PG) and problem video gaming (PVG) contribute to physical, psychological, and interpersonal issues, and are associated with elevated substance use. This is particularly troublesome among emerging adults (18–27 years) who report high levels of substance use and represent a significant proportion of the gamblers and video game players. The present study assessed PG and PVG symptoms among 1,621 emerging adults (54.5% female; M = 20.55, SD = 2.70) in conjunction with their frequency of using cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs (e.g. cocaine, opioids). Results revealed that 6.1% and 22.7% of emerging adults were at-risk for PG or PVG, respectively. Those at at-risk for either PG or PVG had used substances more frequently than those who were either non-problematic or at low-risk. A small subset of participants (2.2%) were at-risk for both PG and PVG and were the most likely to report using cigarettes, marijuana, and other drugs frequently, even after accounting for the effects of age, gender, race, and gambling and video gaming frequency. As such, exhibiting a risk for both PG and PVG places individuals at greater risk for substance use. The implications of these findings to policy and future research are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 539-555
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1752768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1752768
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:539-555
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Hayer
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayer
Author-Name: Tim Brosowski
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Brosowski
Author-Name: Gerhard Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Title: Multi-venue exclusion program and early detection of problem gamblers: what works and what does not?
Abstract:
Since April 2014, in Hesse (Germany), it has been possible to arrange an exclusion from all gaming halls. In addition, the Hessian Gaming Halls Act obligates operators to exclude individuals who show signs of addictive gambling behavior. The objective was firstly to quantitatively analyze the administrative data set of all excluded individuals (N = 12,253). Secondly, the compliance of staff in implementing various gambler protection measures was examined. Test players visited 64 of the 750 gaming hall sites in Hesse. The findings showed that third-party exclusion accounted for only 1% of all exclusions. Checks on on-site gambler protection revealed that in 16% of all attempts of access by test players and observers, no entry checks were conducted; in 28% of the gaming halls, they were able to play despite being excluded. Furthermore, staff reacted with appropriate interventions to signs of problematic gambling behavior in 7% of cases. The low level of compliance can be explained by an inherent conflict between economic interests and an adequate protection of gamblers. Measures for improvement should include the set up of a centralized, cross-sector exclusion system, a more closely monitoring of protection measures, and the introduction of a personalized gambler identity card.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 556-578
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1766096
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1766096
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:556-578
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrizia Velotti
Author-X-Name-First: Patrizia
Author-X-Name-Last: Velotti
Author-Name: Guyonne Rogier
Author-X-Name-First: Guyonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogier
Title: An exploratory study of the role played by hedonic dysregulation in gambling disorder
Abstract:
Research has demonstrated that individuals suffering from Gambling Disorder (GD) are characterized by abnormal responses to pleasant stimuli and a proneness to act rashly in response to positive emotions. However, psychological impairments that may explain these results remain unexplored. This study tests the hypothesis that individuals with GD would show impairments in the capacity to appreciate positive emotions. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Impulsive Behavior Scale Short Form (UPPS-P) and the Ways of Savoring Checklist (WOSC) were administered to clinical sample (n = 87) and to controls (n = 99). Scores of the clinical sample significantly differed from scores obtained by controls on some subscales of the WOSC (Comparing and Killjoy Thinking) and the UPPS-P. The proneness to act rashly in response to positive emotions and the capacity to appreciate positive emotional states emerged as predictors of GD’s severity. Findings support previous data showing a role played by the emotional facets of impulsivity in GD and suggest that individuals suffering from GD may experience dysfunctions in the capacity to appreciate positive emotions. This study suggests that individuals suffering from GD may fail to normally appreciate positive emotional states because of abnormalities in the savoring capacities.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1784977
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1784977
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Schulte
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Schulte
Author-Name: Svenja Orlowski
Author-X-Name-First: Svenja
Author-X-Name-Last: Orlowski
Author-Name: Dominique Brandt
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique
Author-X-Name-Last: Brandt
Author-Name: Anja Bischof
Author-X-Name-First: Anja
Author-X-Name-Last: Bischof
Author-Name: Bettina Besser
Author-X-Name-First: Bettina
Author-X-Name-Last: Besser
Author-Name: Gallus Bischof
Author-X-Name-First: Gallus
Author-X-Name-Last: Bischof
Author-Name: Hans-Juergen Rumpf
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Juergen
Author-X-Name-Last: Rumpf
Title: The role of migration background and cognitive distortions in the trajectories of gambling problems - a longitudinal study
Abstract:
Cognitive distortions are assumed to play an important role in the trajectories of Gambling Disorder. Additionally, migration background has been identified as a crucial risk factor for the development of Gambling Disorder. However, longitudinal data on cognitive distortions in gamblers are rare and so are data on the long-term development of Gambling Disorder in individuals with migration background. This study investigates in a young adult sample (N = 268, age range 16–30 years) changes of gambling-related cognitive distortions and Gambling Disorder severity within 10 months. The sample was proactively recruited in vocational schools in Germany. In telephone interviews, gambling-related variables were assessed. We found no differences of cognitive distortions with respect to migration background. In a GEE analysis, migration background and the believe in luck and perseverance were significantly associated with an increase of fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for Gambling Disorder over time. Our findings validate the role of gambling-related cognitive distortions in this high-risk population and call for early prevention programs in the form of cognitive modification trainings specifically targeting the believe in luck and perseverance. Low-threshold prevention programs could be implemented in schools as they already exist for the prevention of alcohol abuse.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 17-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1791220
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1791220
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:17-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Momi Dahan
Author-X-Name-First: Momi
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahan
Title: Poverty and economic behavior: gambling on social security paydays
Abstract:
The goal of this research is to explore whether actual lottery revenues are sensitive to economic scarcity, as measured by intra-monthly stock of financial resources. Paydays of social security benefits are employed in this study to generate the various degrees of intra-monthly scarcity in financial resources. Using two million observations on daily lottery revenues that cover more than 2,500 lottery outlets in Israel over two years (2015–2016), the empirical analysis suggests that gambling revenue spikes at social security paydays. The estimation results imply that on income support payday aggregate lottery revenues are higher by 5% after taking into account potential determinants of gambling such as day of week, holidays and outlet characteristics. However, the calculated aggregate reaction of lottery revenues on income support payday is quite small and equals 0.5% of the total monthly payments deposited into the bank accounts of income support recipients. In addition, the other social security and salary paydays induce a trivial impact, relative to total monthly payments deposited into the bank accounts of the respective recipients. The findings presented here provide a valuable contribution to gambling studies that examine the relationship between economic conditions and lottery.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 38-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1792962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1792962
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:38-58
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Bradley
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Bradley
Author-Name: Richard J. E. James
Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. E.
Author-X-Name-Last: James
Title: Defining the key issues discussed by problematic gamblers on web-based forums: a data-driven approach
Abstract:
Online forums can be a source of support for people with gambling-related problems. Forum threads contain detailed information about these gamblers’ experiences. However, because of limitations in data collection and analysis, there have been few systematic analyzes of forum content. The aim of this study is to use web scraping and correlated topic modeling to develop a bottom-up, data-driven approach to identify key issues raised by gamblers participating in an online forum, taking 2,298 posts from 1,400 unique authors over a twelve-year period. The data revealed ten themes that fall into four superordinate categories: negative emotions caused by gambling, the process of recovery, gambling products and money related concerns. Negative emotions associated with gambling was the most common topic occurring in 25% of posts. The process of recovery theme could be divided into formal and informal resources for dealing with gambling problems. Gambling products captured both traditional high street and new online forms of gambling. A final theme highlighted how family and friends become sources of finance to fund gambling. These findings can be used to design brief psychosocial education programs which highlight the consequences of gambling on oneself, one’s family and the emotional impact that emerges from gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 59-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1801793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1801793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:59-73
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-Jen Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Jen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Bin-Tzong Chie
Author-X-Name-First: Bin-Tzong
Author-X-Name-Last: Chie
Title: How do advantage players exploit casinos’ premium offers? Simulations and solutions
Abstract:
This paper uses computational and stochastic measures to demonstrate the negative impacts on the casino business of advantage players that legally rely on their knowledge to continuously make profits at licensed casinos worldwide. We present the stochastic process utilized by the advantage players to make profits from premium offers. We show in detail how players estimate the probability of reaching the win goal, the net-expected-win value, and the total expected return. In addition, a simulation is conducted to determine the amount of the starting capital that is needed before participating in games. The findings provide significant implications that advantage players are capable of exploiting premium offers and profiting from the casinos.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 74-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1801794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1801794
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:74-91
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steffen Moritz
Author-X-Name-First: Steffen
Author-X-Name-Last: Moritz
Author-Name: Lara Bücker
Author-X-Name-First: Lara
Author-X-Name-Last: Bücker
Author-Name: Charlotte Wittekind
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittekind
Author-Name: Łukasz Gawęda
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Gawęda
Author-Name: Josefine Gehlenborg
Author-X-Name-First: Josefine
Author-X-Name-Last: Gehlenborg
Title: The dimensional structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling: functional differences between true compulsions and compulsive behavior
Abstract:
The present study examined the factorial structure of the Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS) to delineate similarities and differences between thoughts and behavior related to pathological gambling (PG) versus obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The PG-YBOCS was administered in its self-report version in 265 individuals with gambling problems.A factor analysis revealed a two-dimensional structure. The first dimension represented gambling severity; the second dimension reflected resistance to thoughts/urges and behavior. The first but not the second dimension was strongly correlated with depression and the severity and functional relevance of gambling problems. When the standard factor structure (thoughts vs. behavior) was adopted, depression, which is correlated with obsessions but not compulsions in OCD, was correlated with both subscales. Length of illness, a correlate of compulsions in OCD, showed no association with gambling.The present study corroborates factor analyses on the Y-BOCS, demonstrating the existence of an independent resistance dimension. Unlike in OCD, no evidence for independent factors tapping thoughts versus behaviors was obtained, which likely reflects the addictive rather than compulsive nature of problem gambling. Specific correlates of thoughts and behavior in OCD were not confirmed in gambling, further speaking for functional differences between the two disorders.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 92-102
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1808045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1808045
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:92-102
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nobuhito Abe
Author-X-Name-First: Nobuhito
Author-X-Name-Last: Abe
Author-Name: Ryusuke Nakai
Author-X-Name-First: Ryusuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakai
Author-Name: Kuniaki Yanagisawa
Author-X-Name-First: Kuniaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanagisawa
Author-Name: Toshiya Murai
Author-X-Name-First: Toshiya
Author-X-Name-Last: Murai
Author-Name: Sakiko Yoshikawa
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoshikawa
Title: Effects of sequential winning vs. losing on subsequent gambling behavior: analysis of empirical data from casino baccarat players
Abstract:
Problem gambling is characterized by intense urges to repeatedly engage in gambling and is highly deleterious to individuals’ financial and social well-being. A fundamental issue in problem gambling is how repeated and risky betting behavior varies as a function of outcome history. We used empirical data on gamblers playing baccarat, one of the most popular casino games, to examine the effects of sequential winning versus losing on subsequent gambling behavior. Specifically, we analyzed data from 7,935,566 games played by 3,986 players at a land-based casino to examine changes in the betting amount and in the rate of betting on hands with different dividend rates according to prior consecutive wins or losses. The results revealed that the bet amount in baccarat gradually increased according to streak length, and this effect was more pronounced after sequential winning than after sequential losing. The proportions of multiple bets, including ‘longshots’ – hands with low winning percentages and high dividend rates – decreased after sequential losing but increased after sequential winning. The present study, as the first attempt to analyze a large dataset on baccarat betting, indicates that gamblers shift their gambling behavior to be more reckless after experiencing consecutive wins more than consecutive losses.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 103-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1817969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1817969
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:103-118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Madison Stange
Author-X-Name-First: Madison
Author-X-Name-Last: Stange
Author-Name: Alexander C. Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fugelsang
Author-Name: Derek J. Koehler
Author-X-Name-First: Derek J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koehler
Author-Name: Mike J. Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Mike J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Title: Unclaimed prize information increases the appeal of scratch card games
Abstract:
Previous research suggests that intuitively appealing, yet uninformative unclaimed prize information is capable of biasing gambling-related judgments when people compare scratch cards that vary in the number of unclaimed prizes. However, it is unknown if the mere presence of unclaimed prize information alters a game’s attractiveness. Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 402 U.S. residents to participate in an online study. In a within-subjects design, participants made four gambling-related judgments (likelihood of winning, excitement to play, urge to gamble, and hypothetical card purchasing) for scratch cards presented with and without unclaimed prize information. Compared to cards presented without unclaimed prize information, those with unclaimed prize information were judged as more likely to win, produced more excitement to play, a greater urge to gamble, and were chosen more often during a hypothetical purchasing task. Therefore, unclaimed prize information increases the appeal of scratch card games, and may be an important aspect of the scratch card gambling environment to consider from a harm reduction perspective.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 119-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1826558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1826558
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:119-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Estévez
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Estévez
Author-Name: Paula Jáuregui
Author-X-Name-First: Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Jáuregui
Author-Name: Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Hibai
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-Name: Laura Macia
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Macia
Author-Name: Roser Granero
Author-X-Name-First: Roser
Author-X-Name-Last: Granero
Author-Name: Gemma Mestre-Bach
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma
Author-X-Name-Last: Mestre-Bach
Author-Name: Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Aranda
Author-Name: Mónica Gómez-Peña
Author-X-Name-First: Mónica
Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez-Peña
Author-Name: Laura Moragas
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Moragas
Author-Name: Teresa Mena-Moreno
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa
Author-X-Name-Last: Mena-Moreno
Author-Name: María Lozano-Madrid
Author-X-Name-First: María
Author-X-Name-Last: Lozano-Madrid
Author-Name: Amparo Del Pino-Gutierrez
Author-X-Name-First: Amparo
Author-X-Name-Last: Del Pino-Gutierrez
Author-Name: Ester Codina
Author-X-Name-First: Ester
Author-X-Name-Last: Codina
Author-Name: Giulia Testa
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Testa
Author-Name: Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Vintró-Alcaraz
Author-Name: Zaida Agüera
Author-X-Name-First: Zaida
Author-X-Name-Last: Agüera
Author-Name: Lucero Munguía
Author-X-Name-First: Lucero
Author-X-Name-Last: Munguía
Author-Name: Isabel Baenas
Author-X-Name-First: Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Baenas
Author-Name: Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Valenciano-Mendoza
Author-Name: Bernat Mora-Maltas
Author-X-Name-First: Bernat
Author-X-Name-Last: Mora-Maltas
Author-Name: José M. Menchón
Author-X-Name-First: José M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Menchón
Author-Name: Susana Jiménez-Murcia
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Murcia
Title: Comorbid behavioral and substance-related addictions in young population with and without gambling disorder
Abstract:
People with gambling disorder (GD) often experience co-occurring addictive behaviors, especially at young ages. This paper aims at examining cognitive biases, emotion dysregulation, and coping strategies in people with and without GD, as well as comparing the comorbid addictions profiles of those in clinical versus community-based sites. A sample from the general population comprising 250 adolescents and young individuals, and a clinical sample of 31 patients with problematic gambling or GD were recruited. Results showed that GD severity was positively related to alcohol abuse, drugs abuse (in the women group) and buying-shopping (in the men group) in the community sample. In the clinical sample, GD severity was positively related to gaming and instant messaging, and the highest levels in cognitive biases were related to gambling behaviors. Also, the highest emotion dysregulation scores and the highest scores for difficulties in coping strategies were associated with the comorbid presence of GD and other addictions, closely followed by GD presence without other addictions. These results provide evidence of the existence of underlying risk factors shared by GD and its comorbid addictions, which suggests the understanding and treatment of co-occurring addictions in a comprehensive rather than individual manner.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 133-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1836250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1836250
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:133-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: The behaviour-attitude divide: understanding public attitudes towards gambling
Abstract:
Most public surveys indicate that people generally hold negative attitudes toward gambling which is considered harmful, too prevalent and not sufficiently regulated by the authorities. Despite this, reported past-year adult participation rates are often 70% or higher. In this paper, we conduct a narrative review of major studies of public attitudes to gain insights into this apparent disjuncture between gambling behavior and attitudes. The paper considers three principal explanations: (a) the effects of measurement; (b) the nature of gambling populations; and, (c) the level of public knowledge about gambling. Negative attitudes, we argue, may be influenced by the wording of commonly used measures; limited public knowledge about the extent of problem gambling or harm; or, incorrect assumptions about the public’s interest in gambling. For example, references to participation figures may disguise the fact that many people gamble only on lottery products and do not approve of other forms. Overall, surveys reveal public support for people’s right to gamble, but also regulatory models where gambling venues are kept separate from other parts of daily life. Future research may benefit from more nuanced methodological designs that capture public gambling knowledge, experiences and appraisal of different regulatory models.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 153-167
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1819366
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1819366
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:153-167
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: ‘It’s concerning’, but is it your concern? Objectivity, advocacy and activism in gambling research
Abstract:
In recent years, there has been an increase in advocacy and social media activism in the field of gambling studies. Much of the focus of this activity has been directed toward concern about the lack of concerted government action to reduce gambling-harm as well as concern about industry influence in government policy and research agendas. It is thought that such activity could be successful in reducing harmful behavior as has been witnessed in relation to smoking in previous decades. In this paper, we highlight some concerns about this advocacy activity as it applies to gambling. We support the view that careful scrutiny should be applied to any research directly funded for industry due to the potential conflict of interest. However, we believe that: (a) greater scrutiny should be given to the role of government and other interest groups in the determination of research agendas and (b) greater transparency be displayed by public health advocates who are strongly opposed to gambling on moral, ethical or theoretical grounds. We discuss the potential pitfalls of conflating research academic and advocacy roles and the threats which this can pose for balanced, inclusive and objective debates in the field of gambling studies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 168-179
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1791221
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1791221
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:168-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Vicious games: capitalism and gambling
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 180-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1840612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1840612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:1:p:180-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Belle Gavriel-Fried
Author-X-Name-First: Belle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavriel-Fried
Author-Name: Neven Ricijas
Author-X-Name-First: Neven
Author-X-Name-Last: Ricijas
Author-Name: Dora Dodig Hundric
Author-X-Name-First: Dora
Author-X-Name-Last: Dodig Hundric
Author-Name: Jeff Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: Attitudes toward gambling in young people: a cross-national study of Australia, Canada, Croatia and Israel
Abstract:
Public attitudes toward gambling have important implications for people’s engagement in the activity and receptivity to regulatory reforms. Such views are likely, however, to be influenced by variations in market conditions, perceptions of regulations and personal exposure to gambling. This article examines whether differences in gambling attitudes are related to differences in the perceived social, cognitive, and physical accessibility of gambling in four countries (Australia, Israel, Croatia and Canada). These countries were selected because they cover a range of gambling regulations, from established liberalized markets (Australia, Canada), to a recently liberalized market (Croatia) to a relatively restricted market (Israel). University student respondents (n = 1787, aged 18–30) were surveyed in these four countries to control for educational differences. Within- gender analyses controlled for differences in gender profile across countries. More positive attitudes were associated with greater social accessibility and more stringent regulations. Australian and Canadian respondents reported more positive attitudes toward gambling and regulations. Israeli respondents reported less positive attitudes and exposure to problem gambling. Croatian respondents reported more positive attitudes, but considered gambling to be poorly regulated and overly available. Overall, attitudes were related to perceptions of regulation as well as the duration of exposure to liberalized markets.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 326-345
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1883708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1883708
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:326-345
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Franca Tani
Author-X-Name-First: Franca
Author-X-Name-Last: Tani
Author-Name: Lucia Ponti
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ponti
Author-Name: Simon Ghinassi
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghinassi
Author-Name: Martina Smorti
Author-X-Name-First: Martina
Author-X-Name-Last: Smorti
Title: A gambling primary prevention program for students through teacher training: an evidence-based study
Abstract:
Given the high prevalence of gambling among adolescents, the main purpose of the present study was to develop a gambling primary intervention program for students through the training of teachers about gambling-related knowledge and problems, and verify the effectiveness of the program in reducing gambling behaviors, cognitive distortions, and perception of gambling economic profitability in students. A total of 33 teachers (31.3% men) and 393 students aged 13 to 19 years (84% boys) were recruited for this study, randomly assigned to training (15 teachers; 219 students) and non-training groups (18 teachers; 174 students). An evidence-based longitudinal study designed with a pretest, and a follow-up after about 7 months, was conducted. Results showed that trained teachers improved their knowledge on gambling types and characteristics and related risks. The most relevant result was the impact the trained teachers had on their students, who reduced their gambling behavior, some cognitive distortions, and misconceptions related to the economic profitability of gambling. However, despite the relevance of these results, this study represents preliminary evidence, and further controlled studies are needed to confirm the possibility of using trained teachers as a less expensive method to efficiently prevent gambling among adolescents.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 272-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1861056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1861056
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:272-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tara Hahmann
Author-X-Name-First: Tara
Author-X-Name-Last: Hahmann
Author-Name: Sarah Hamilton-Wright
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamilton-Wright
Author-Name: Carolyn Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Author-Name: Flora I. Matheson
Author-X-Name-First: Flora I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matheson
Title: Problem gambling within the context of poverty: a scoping review
Abstract:
The burden of gambling problems is felt more strongly among people who experience poverty. A small but emerging body of research is developing with no identified reviews exploring the scope of the academic literature on the confluence of poverty and gambling problems. The Arksey and O’Malley scoping study framework was used to map research on this multifaceted topic. We synthesized findings of 27 studies, spanning several national contexts on prevalence of problem gambling and associations of it with poverty. Findings indicated that gambling problems were associated with several poverty measures including employment/unemployment, housing instability, homelessness, low income, and neighborhood disadvantage. The complex interplay of gambling problems with social and health issues emerged in qualitative papers. Relatively few studies explored the connection between poverty and gambling problems despite higher prevalence of gambling problems in this population. Those experiencing both concerns face myriad challenges necessitating surveillance and treatment within vulnerable populations. Further research should explore pathways to gambling problems and poverty and also the associative nature and temporal sequencing of the two phenomena. Global awareness on the topic from a research and clinical/community service perspective is necessary.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1819365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1819365
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:183-219
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Finkenwirth
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Finkenwirth
Author-Name: Kent MacDonald
Author-X-Name-First: Kent
Author-X-Name-Last: MacDonald
Author-Name: Xiaolei Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolei
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Author-Name: Tilman Lesch
Author-X-Name-First: Tilman
Author-X-Name-Last: Lesch
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Using machine learning to predict self-exclusion status in online gamblers on the PlayNow.com platform in British Columbia
Abstract:
The identification of disordered gambling in the online environment may enable interventions to be targeted to those users experiencing harms. We tested the performance of machine learning in classifying online gamblers with and without a record of voluntary self-exclusion (VSE). We analyzed a one year dataset from PlayNow.com, the provincially owned online gambling platform in British Columbia, Canada. The primary model compared 2,157 gamblers with a record of VSE enrollment (6 months to 3 years) against 17,526 non-VSE controls, using 20 input variables of gambling behavior. Machine learning (random forest classifier) achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.75 (SD = 0.01). The input variable with the greatest predictive signal (based on feature importance values) was Variance in Money Bet per Session. Further analyses tested a logistic regression model as a benchmark, and tested the impact of key modeling decisions (including use of a balanced dataset, and data inclusion threshold). Across all models, machine learning algorithms were able to predict VSE status with performance between 0.65 and 0.76, using our behavioral inputs. These results provide proof-of-principle data for the applied use of behavioral tracking to identify disordered gambling, and highlight the importance of behavioral inputs reflecting betting variability.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 220-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1832132
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1832132
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:220-237
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alvaro Muñiz
Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Muñiz
Author-Name: Levi Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Levi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez
Title: Where the money goes: the role of funding allocation in lottery markets
Abstract:
A key characteristic of state-authorized lotteries is that they are required by law or through their licenses to make payments to society (in the form of taxes paid to the treasury, duties, funds to sports, or funds for other good causes). So state lotteries serve to some extent as a public finance tool. This paper aims to study how lottery markets around the world respond to different funding allocation strategies, but also how lottery sales respond to the macroeconomy. These are crucial issues to enable these markets to confront future challenges and to maintain lottery payments for society. Consequently, an economic-related approach is taken to investigate the role of funding allocation in lottery markets from an international perspective using panel data information from The WLA Global Lottery Data Compendium. The empirical findings show a negative relationship between lottery sales and financial contributions to society. However, relevant differences exist depending on the funding strategy adopted, and a positive link between sales revenue and allocating funds to education or social purposes is observed. Overall, it is found that lottery is a normal good and as an implicit tax, regressive.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 295-306
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1862893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1862893
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:295-306
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joanne Lloyd
Author-X-Name-First: Joanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd
Author-Name: Laura Louise Nicklin
Author-X-Name-First: Laura Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicklin
Author-Name: Stephanie Kate Rhodes
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes
Author-Name: Gemma Hurst
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma
Author-X-Name-Last: Hurst
Title: A qualitative study of gambling, deprivation and monetary motivations
Abstract:
The link between gambling and deprivation is well recognized both in the UK and internationally; and manipulating perceptions of relative deprivation can encourage people to gamble. The current study sought to learn more about whether individuals who gamble consciously perceive themselves to be motivated by feelings of deprivation, and how this is contextualized alongside monetary factors more broadly. Thematic analysis was conducted on 25 in-depth qualitative interviews with UK residents who gamble regularly; most of whom resided in areas of high socio-economic deprivation. Monetary themes relating to financial circumstances, the meaning and value of money, and the perception of gambling as a way to make money, all had strong relevance for deprivation, though people did not often endorse the idea that relative deprivation was important to them, per se. We conclude that gambling motivations are complex and heterogeneous, and that it is pertinent for prevention and intervention strategies for problem gambling to consider individuals’ financial circumstances and how they perceive them, along with how this intersects with their gambling motives.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 307-325
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1883093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1883093
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:307-325
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Hibai
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-Name: Alicia Rius-Buitrago
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia
Author-X-Name-Last: Rius-Buitrago
Author-Name: Susana Jimenez-Murcia
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez-Murcia
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Title: The utilization and perception of sports betting experts (‘tipsters’) among sports bettors with gambling problems: a qualitative focus group interview study
Abstract:
Tipsters are sports betting experts that offer recommendations concerning betting opportunities, usually in exchange for money. With the growth of online sports betting, tipsters have become more accessible via social media. However, it remains unknown whether tipsters might have an impact on sports bettors experiencing gambling problems. In the present study, data concerning tipsters were collected via focus group interviews with sports bettors undergoing treatment for gambling disorder (n = 28) and examined utilizing a thematic analysis approach. The findings suggest that many participants used tipsters during their gambling activity, although they had divergent thoughts about their actual ability to produce accurate tips. The selection of tipsters appears to be biased toward personal contact and word-of-mouth strategies rather than objective performance data. Notably, many bettors had experienced thoughts of becoming tipsters themselves. The participants struggled to integrate into a coherent narrative both the existence of individuals such as tipsters who (allegedly) have been able to consistently ‘beat the bookies’, and their contrasting personal experience of repeated losses. This has implications for therapists working on cognitive restructuring, because tipsters made sports bettors wonder about the importance of skill in betting, and whether thinking they could be winners was actually a distorted or a realistic perception.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 238-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1844270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1844270
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:238-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul H. Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: The value of voluntary vs. mandatory responsible gambling limit-setting systems: A review of the evidence
Abstract:
Pre-commitment and limit-setting schemes have been widely discussed as potentially useful responsible gambling tools to minimize the financial harm associated with excessive gambling. Such systems allow gamblers to set time or monetary limits and can be implemented in a voluntary or mandatory form. Previous reviews have suggested that these technologies, particularly when applied as voluntary systems, appear to have little empirical support because of low uptake rates and limitations in research studies. Using evidence drawn from peer-reviewed and online literature, we examine developments over the last decade. We provide an updated appraisal of pre-commitment technology that encompasses more recent trials. We also include studies of online limit setting and the studies of mandatory limits in Norway. The present analysis finds general support for the conclusions of previous reviews and confirms the potential benefits of mandatory systems. It also highlights some potential selective uses for voluntary systems while also noting potential risks associated with implementing mandatory global limits.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 255-271
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1853196
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2020.1853196
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:255-271
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Rolando
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolando
Author-Name: Alice Scavarda
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Scavarda
Author-Name: Federica Devietti Goggia
Author-X-Name-First: Federica
Author-X-Name-Last: Devietti Goggia
Author-Name: Marzia Spagnolo
Author-X-Name-First: Marzia
Author-X-Name-Last: Spagnolo
Author-Name: Franca Beccaria
Author-X-Name-First: Franca
Author-X-Name-Last: Beccaria
Title: Italian gamblers’ perspectives on the impact of slot machine restrictions on their behaviors
Abstract:
Worldwide, there are a few examples of laws seeking to reduce the availability of Electronic Gambling Machines, one being a regional law introduced in Piedmont in 2018 that limited the times and places where gambling is allowed, causing an overall decrease in gambling frequency and expenditure and a heated public debate. This study investigates gamblers’ opinions and perspectives on why and how the new regulation impacted their habits. ‘Gambling trajectories’ were explored through 60 in-depth individual interviews of adults differing in age, gender, social background, and gambling profile. The most widely reported impact on gambling trajectories was the interruption of the daily routine associated with going to tobacco shops or bars and using slot machines while buying coffee or cigarettes. From the gamblers’ perspective, removing EGMs from generalist shops reduces the impulse and opportunities to gamble, and can prevent the transition to problem gambling. These findings add to the qualitative understanding of the links between EGM availability, density, and problem gambling and contradict the industry’s rhetoric, endorsed by the Italian government, which holds that spatial and timing limitations on EGMs would only bring about a shift toward other games or places without affecting the habits of people experiencing gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 346-359
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1885724
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1885724
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:2:p:346-359
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tori L. Horn
Author-X-Name-First: Tori L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horn
Author-Name: James P. Whelan
Author-X-Name-First: James P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan
Author-Name: Qian Li
Author-X-Name-First: Qian
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Abby McPhail
Author-X-Name-First: Abby
Author-X-Name-Last: McPhail
Author-Name: Andrew W. Meyers
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyers
Author-Name: Rimsha Majeed
Author-X-Name-First: Rimsha
Author-X-Name-Last: Majeed
Author-Name: Stephanie Huette
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Huette
Title: ‘Play responsibly’: consumers’ attention to and understanding of warning messages on scratch-off lottery tickets
Abstract:
To explore whether consumers see and understand warning messages on scratch-off lottery tickets, two laboratory observation studies were conducted. In the first study, 64 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either freely interact with a lottery ticket (i.e. minimal instruction condition) or search for information on the ticket related to gambling risks (i.e. message search condition) and then handed a lottery ticket. Approximately, one third failed to turn to the back of the ticket where warning messages were placed, and few participants accurately identified the messages. In the second study, 47 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either the minimal instruction condition or message search condition. Participants viewed computer images of the front and back of two lottery tickets while eye movement data were recorded. Analyses revealed that participants looked at the messages, but no more than other comparable areas of the tickets regardless of instructional condition. Generally, participants reported that ‘Play Responsibly,’ was easy to understand, but did not ‘teach them anything new.’ Approximately 20% of participants correctly interpreted the overall odds of winning statement. These findings support the need to improve the placement and content of scratchcard warning messages to educate players about the risks associated with lottery play.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 361-380
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1886313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1886313
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:361-380
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aurélien Cornil
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélien
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornil
Author-Name: Stéphane Rothen
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: Rothen
Author-Name: Philippe De Timary
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: De Timary
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: Interference-based methods to mitigate gambling craving: a proof-of-principle pilot study
Abstract:
Craving is central in the prognosis of gambling disorder. The elaborated intrusion theory (EIT) provides a sound framework to account for craving in addictive disorders, and interference methods inspired from the EIT have substantiated their effectiveness in mitigating substance and food-related cravings. The principle of these methods is to recruit the cognitive resources underlying craving (e.g., visuospatial skills, mental imagery) for another competitive and cognitively demanding task, thus reducing the vividness and overwhelming nature of craving. Here we conducted two experiments employing a between-subjects design to test the efficacy of interference methods for reducing laboratory-induced craving. In these experiments, gamblers (n = 38 for both experiments) first followed a craving induction procedure. They then performed either a visuospatial interference task (making a mental and vivid image of a bunch of keys [experiment 1] or playing the video game Tetris [experiment 2]; experimental conditions) or another task supposed not to recruit visuospatial skills and mental imagery (exploding bubble pack [experiment 1] or counting backwards [experiment 2]; control conditions). Results show that all methods successively mitigated induced craving. Although previous research evidenced the superiority of visuospatial tasks to reduce substance-related craving, our findings question their superiority in the context of gambling craving.Abbreviations EIT: Elaborated intrusion theory of desire; GD: Gambling disorder; CEQ: Craving Experience Questionnaire; g-CEQ: gambling Craving Experience Questionnaire; g-CEQ-F: Gambling Craving Experience Questionnaire – Frequency form; g-CEQ-S: Gambling Craving Experience Questionnaire – Strength form; Psi-Q: Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire; PGSI: Problem Gambling Severity Index; S-UPPS-P: Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale; DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales; ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 426-449
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1903063
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1903063
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:426-449
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dylan Pickering
Author-X-Name-First: Dylan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pickering
Author-Name: Alex Blaszczynski
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaszczynski
Title: Paid online convenience samples in gambling studies: questionable data quality
Abstract:
The use of non-probability Internet panels and crowdsource websites is increasing in gambling research. These paid online sampling methods offer a convenient and inexpensive recruitment strategy. The quality of data may be questionable due to careless responding and identity misrepresentation which can bias study results. It is necessary to investigate data quality given the important implications of gambling research in guiding policy decisions, public health initiatives, and treatments. In this review article, we 1) critically analyze the advantages and limitations of paid online recruitment methods, including associated threats to data quality in the gambling literature; 2) present findings from a rapid review of gambling studies using online panel and crowdsource data; and 3) outline recommendations for maximizing data quality and trustworthiness of findings. Substantially overinflated problem gambling rates were found in the 63 gambling studies we reviewed; less than one-quarter had incorporated data quality checks and reported participation rates. Future studies should incorporate pre-registration of methodology and analysis plans, robust participant screening procedures, mid-survey attention and response consistency items, and an analysis of response quality post data collection. Applying these recommendations to nonrepresentative online panel and crowdsource-based studies may enhance the replicability of findings in additional studies using representative samples
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 516-536
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1884735
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1884735
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:516-536
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jani Selin
Author-X-Name-First: Jani
Author-X-Name-Last: Selin
Author-Name: Susanna Raisamo
Author-X-Name-First: Susanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Raisamo
Title: Association between public opinion of gambling policies, gambling behavior and demographics: a national survey in Finland
Abstract:
We aim to explore the potential association between public opinions of gambling policies, gambling behavior status, and demographics among 15–74-year-old Finns. We used data from the nationwide cross-sectional Finnish Gambling Survey (n = 4515, response rate 62%). Policy topics examined included views about (i) the prevailing gambling monopoly, (ii) gambling advertising, and (iii) placement of electronic gambling machines (EGMs). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The prevailing Finnish gambling monopoly system enjoyed considerable support among all respondents. The views of problem gamblers and non-gamblers were similar; compared to other groups, individuals in these groups supported stricter policies regarding gambling advertising and the placement of EGMs. The findings provide an insight into differing opinions on gambling policy topics across subgroups of the population. Policymakers may benefit from these results when planning and implementing stricter gambling policies in order to reduce the harm gambling causes to society.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 450-459
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1908396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1908396
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:450-459
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Hibai
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Susana Jimenez-Murcia
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez-Murcia
Title: The symbolic construction of sports betting products
Abstract:
Numerous studies have explored the specific risk factors of sports betting attending to the singularities of sports bettors. However, many of these are also present in other gambling profiles (e.g. younger age, males, higher education, skill-based gambling) and fail to tackle the essentially distinguishing trait of sports betting, namely, its symbolic association with sport. This conceptual paper argues that sports betting draws from a rich pool of meanings from professional sport that influences how sports betting products are understood. It argues that, unlike other gambling products whose symbolic covering has to be built after, sports betting relies on a preexisting symbolic pool that structures its social significance. Sport confers to sports betting attributes of agency, control, and skill that make betting products more skill-oriented and less chance-based, but also other attributes of health, game, fun, and nature that decrease the perceived risks associated with sports betting. The paper contends that the symbolic association of sport and sports betting poses particular barriers for treatment of gambling disorder in the form of resistant cognitions about winning because professional sport embodies narratives of success deeply engraved in modern society, to an extent other gambling forms cannot compete in creating via their marketing strategies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 498-515
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1937274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1937274
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:498-515
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Percy
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Percy
Author-Name: Kiril Tsarvenkov
Author-X-Name-First: Kiril
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsarvenkov
Author-Name: Simo Dragicevic
Author-X-Name-First: Simo
Author-X-Name-Last: Dragicevic
Author-Name: Paul H Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul H
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Jonathan Parke
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Parke
Title: Volatility under the spotlight: panel regression analysis of online slots player in the UK
Abstract:
Volatility refers to the variability of bet outcomes in gambling and has been recognized as a potentially important influence on behavior. The research literature has developed competing ideas for how different behavioral responses to volatility might influence player risk. However, few empirical studies have investigated how volatility influences player behavior in a live-play, real-money environment. This paper studies 4,281 regular online slot players from two operators in the UK – one casino-focused, one bingo-focused. Longitudinal panel regressions analyze variation in players’ daily session time, financial loss and declined deposits as they switched among slots games with different volatilities relative to their usual play. The findings indicate that the relationship between game volatility and player behavior is complex and often non-linear. For slots players in the casino-focused sample, lower levels of volatility than usual were typically associated with lower than average losses, declined deposits and session time. However, significant relationships were not detected in the bingo-focused operator sample. Collectively, these findings suggest that while volatility may be an important influence on behavior, this influence is not necessarily uniform or easily generalized from one population of players to another.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 395-410
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1891273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1891273
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:395-410
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shaun Stephen Garea
Author-X-Name-First: Shaun Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Garea
Author-Name: Aaron Drummond
Author-X-Name-First: Aaron
Author-X-Name-Last: Drummond
Author-Name: James D. Sauer
Author-X-Name-First: James D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sauer
Author-Name: Lauren C. Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Author-Name: Matthew Neil Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Meta-analysis of the relationship between problem gambling, excessive gaming and loot box spending
Abstract:
Loot boxes are purchasable randomized rewards contained in some video games. Concerns have been raised that these share psychological and structural features with traditional forms of gambling, and that they may exacerbate excessive video gameplay. Here, we quantitatively summarize two specific research areas regarding loot box spending using meta-analyses. We examined the relationships between loot box spending and (1) problem gambling (15 studies), and (2) excessive gaming (7 studies). We found significant small-to-moderate positive correlations between loot box spending and gambling symptomology, r = 0.26 (r = 0.37 using Trim and Fill), and excessive gaming, r = 0.25. Our results suggest a small, but replicable and potentially clinically relevant, relationship between gambling symptomology and loot box spending that is at least as large as the relationship between excessive gaming symptoms and loot box spending. Further research should examine the potential for statistical interactions between these constructs.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 460-479
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1914705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1914705
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:460-479
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cătălin Bărboianu
Author-X-Name-First: Cătălin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bărboianu
Title: Luck, logic, and white lies: the mathematics of games, second edition
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 542-546
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1965184
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1965184
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:542-546
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thorsten Teichert
Author-X-Name-First: Thorsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Teichert
Author-Name: Alexander Graf
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Graf
Author-Name: Thomas B. Swanton
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanton
Author-Name: Sally M. Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-First: Sally M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsbury
Title: The joint influence of regulatory and social cues on consumer choice of gambling websites: preliminary evidence from a discrete choice experiment
Abstract:
Authorities regulate online transactions to protect consumers from unintended negative consequences. Regulatory cues (e.g. certifications) enable consumers to identify formally approved online gambling offers where unauthorized products are available and blocking access is difficult. However, consumers who gamble online are also influenced by peer endorsement and frequently search for peer usage information to make decisions. This study investigates the interaction of regulatory and social cues and shows that these can be either complementary or substitutionary from a consumer perspective. Australian undergraduate students (N= 195, 72.3% female) indicated preferences toward fictitious online gambling websites in a discrete choice experiment involving active searching for cues. The impact of regulatory cues on decision-making increased when social cues indicated high quantities of website users, and when respondents lacked general trust toward gambling websites, but decreased when user social proximity was signaled. Our preliminary findings suggest regulatory cues should be prominent, and policies could aim to heighten mistrust in unauthorized sites. This study provides a foundation for further research designed to inform consumer protection agencies about how to influence consumer choice of online gambling websites in settings where regulatory and social cues may compete.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 480-497
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1921011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1921011
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:480-497
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debi A. LaPlante
Author-X-Name-First: Debi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: LaPlante
Author-Name: Eric R. Louderback
Author-X-Name-First: Eric R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Louderback
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Title: Gambling researchers’ use and views of open science principles and practices: a brief report
Abstract:
Scientists across disciplines have begun to implement ‘open science’ principles and practices, which are designed to enhance the quality, transparency, and replicability of scientific research. Yet, studies examining the use of open science practices in social science fields such as psychology and economics show that awareness and use of such practices often is low. In gambling studies research, no studies to date have empirically investigated knowledge of and use of open science practices. In the present study, we collected survey data about awareness and use of open science practices from 86 gambling studies research stakeholders who had attended a major international gambling studies conference in May 2019. We found that – as hypothesized – a minority of gambling research stakeholders reported: 1) either some or extensive experience using open science research practices in general, and 2) either some or regular experience using specific open science practices, including study pre-registration, open materials/code, open data, and pre-print archiving. Most respondents indicated that replication was important for all studies in gambling research, and that genetic, neuroscience, and lab-based game characteristic studies were areas most in need of replication. Our results have important implications for open science education initiatives and for contemporary research methodology in gambling studies.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 381-394
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1891272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1891272
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:381-394
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabio Frisone
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Frisone
Title: Letter to the editor: problem gambling in phenomenological psychopathology
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 537-541
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1918209
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1918209
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:537-541
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silas Xuereb
Author-X-Name-First: Silas
Author-X-Name-Last: Xuereb
Author-Name: Hyoun S. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: Substitution behaviors among people who gamble during COVID-19 precipitated casino closures
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the closure of licensed casinos throughout the United States of America in March and April 2020. This study sought to examine how Americans who gamble responded to the COVID-19 lockdown, including migration to online gambling, and changes in substance use and use of other technologies. On 9 April 2020, we recruited an online sample of 424 Americans who gambled in the last three months via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Self-reported changes in online gambling and other addictive behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 and problem gambling severity were measured. Overall, online gambling decreased following the onset of COVID-19 casino closures, while alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use increased. Among respondents who reported no online gambling involvement prior to COVID-19, 15% reported migrating to online gambling. These migrators had higher levels of problem gambling and lower income than respondents who had never gambled online. The response to COVID-19 is heterogeneous: the majority of people who gamble reported reducing their online gambling but increased their substance use. A minority of people who gamble substituted casino gambling with online gambling. Because these individuals are characterized by problem gambling symptoms and lower income, they may be considered a vulnerable group.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 411-425
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1903062
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1903062
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:411-425
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Catherine O’Mullan
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Mullan
Author-Name: Helen Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Author-Name: Elaine Nuske
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nuske
Author-Name: Lydia Mainey
Author-X-Name-First: Lydia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mainey
Title: How problem gambling by a male partner contributes to intimate partner violence against women: a gendered perspective
Abstract:
This paper adopts a gendered perspective exploring how gambling by a male partner contributes to intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Unstructured interviews with 30 women with lived experience of male partner violence linked to his gambling were analyzed using adaptive grounded theory. Gendered drivers of violence set the context for IPV experienced by these women. Their male partners held strict patriarchal views about gender roles, controlled decision-making, restricted the woman’s independence, and condoned using violence against women. Gambling by the male partner interacted with these gendered drivers to increase the frequency and severity of IPV. They prioritized their gambling above the family’s welfare, controlled household finances, and coerced the woman into providing money. Gambling created situations that increased IPV, including anger over losses, family stressors and conflicts, with violent backlash silencing the woman’s objections. Violence intensified as the gambling escalated, with short-term cycles of violence directly linked to gambling events. Women experienced financial, psychological, physical and sexual abuse, and patterns of coercive control that maintained a climate of fear. These findings reveal the centrality of gender inequality within intimate relationships as a foundation for IPV, which is then exacerbated by the perpetrator’s gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 82-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1973534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1973534
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:82-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy C. Edson
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Edson
Author-Name: Matthew A. Tom
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tom
Author-Name: Eric R. Louderback
Author-X-Name-First: Eric R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Louderback
Author-Name: Sarah E. Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Author-Name: Debi A. LaPlante
Author-X-Name-First: Debi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: LaPlante
Title: Returning to the virtual casino: a contemporary study of actual online casino gambling
Abstract:
There is a greater need for contemporary research to empirically examine actual internet casino gambling behavior with valid data. To fill this gap in research, the current study examined two years (1 February 2015 to 31 January 2017) of prospective longitudinal data from 4,424 actual online casino gambling subscribers to one of the E.U.’s largest internet gambling services, including novel analyses of depositing and withdrawal behaviors. We found that today’s online casino gambling behaviors are similar to those observed 10 years ago in the E.U., with similarly small proportions of the player pool exhibiting more extreme gambling involvement than the rest. Some unique gambling behaviors (e.g. net loss), depositing behaviors (e.g. credit card use), and withdrawal behaviors (e.g. reversed withdrawals) distinguished more involved bettors from typical bettors. Our results suggest that, like a decade prior, most online casino players in our sample bet modest amounts and play relatively infrequently, yet a small percentage (approximately 5%) engage at disproportionately high and potentially risky levels. These findings are based on data from a single online casino operator and bettors in our sample might have gambled with other operators during the study period.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 114-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1985581
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1985581
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:114-141
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark van der Maas
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Maas
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: Kyra Saniewski
Author-X-Name-First: Kyra
Author-X-Name-Last: Saniewski
Title: Responsible gambling strategy information available on public-facing state lottery websites in the U.S
Abstract:
The lottery is the most widely available form of legal gambling in the US. However, there is relatively little work in promoting responsible gambling strategies by lottery providers. The current study applies five evidence-based responsible gambling strategies, to the responsible gambling information made available on 46 state lottery websites. The study employed a content analysis of the public-facing websites. The study found that a minority of the state lottery sites provided readily available information to the public for each of five strategies. Responsible gambling information was limited in most cases with several notable and informative exceptions. Findings are discussed in the context of public health education and harm reduction approaches in the provision of gambling products. The responsible gambling framework is premised on the notion of well-informed participants. Poor integration of responsible gambling strategies for the most widely available form of gambling points to the shortcomings of this framework in practice. Lottery operators should strive to increase their adoption of a greater range of responsible gambling approaches and increase the visibility of relevant information for potential participants.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1946125
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1946125
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:1-17
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex M. T. Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Alex M. T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: Philip Newall
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Newall
Title: Are any samples representative or unbiased? reply to Pickering and Blaszczynski
Abstract:
Pickering and Blaszczynski’s paper (2021) claims that the problem gambling rate is inflated in paid online convenience and crowdsourced samples. However, there is a methodological flaw in their findings: they combined problem gambling rates from samples that are specific by design (e.g. at-least monthly sports bettors), and compared them to a problem gambling prevalence estimate from the general population. Pickering and Blaszczynski conflate three constructs: representativeness, bias and data quality. Data quality can be optimized through protections and checks, but these do not necessarily make samples more representative, or less biased. Many of the biases present in paid online convenience samples (e.g. self-selection biases) also apply to the gold standard of random digit dial telephone surveys, which is manifestly evident in very low response rates. These biases are also present in industry-recruited and venue-recruited samples, as well as samples of university students and treatment-seeking clients. Paid online convenience samples also have clear benefits. For example, it is possible to obtain large samples of very specific subgroups. Online surveys may reduce bias associated with self-reporting potentially stigmatizing conditions, like problem gambling. It is important not to discount research simply because it uses a paid online convenience or crowdsourced sample.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 102-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1973535
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1973535
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:102-113
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guyonne Rogier
Author-X-Name-First: Guyonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogier
Author-Name: Andrea Capone
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Capone
Author-Name: Patrizia Velotti
Author-X-Name-First: Patrizia
Author-X-Name-Last: Velotti
Title: Emotion regulation strategies and dissociation in Gambling Disorder
Abstract:
Dysfunctions in emotion regulation appear to be a central feature of Gambling Disorder (GD). Theoretical literature asserted that dissociation is a core process of Gambling Disorder used to defensively regulate emotional arousal induced by traumatic experiences memories. However, few is known on the relationship between emotion regulation capacities and dissociation among individuals with GD. We administered to a sample of individual with GD (n = 80) and a sample of community participants (n = 70) the Problem Gambling Index Scale (PGSI), the Dissociative Experience Scale 2nd version (DES-II) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Individuals with GD scored higher, compared to community participants, on the Suppression subscale of the ERQ and on both the Amnesia and Absorption subscales of the DES-II. Also, they showed lower levels of Cognitive Reappraisal compared to the comparison group. Correlations analyses indicated that only two subscales of the DES-II correlated positively with the scores obtained on the PGSI. The inverse pattern of results was found for Cognitive Reappraisal dimension. Finally, we found that Dissociation predicted significantly GD severity along with Emotion regulation strategies. Theoretical assumptions on the role of both dissociation and emotion regulation in GD are supported and argued for treating these aspects in GD.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 18-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1949622
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949622
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:18-36
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Ciccarelli
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciccarelli
Author-Name: Marina Cosenza
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Cosenza
Author-Name: Giovanna Nigro
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Nigro
Author-Name: Mark Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Francesca D’Olimpio
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Olimpio
Title: Gaming and gambling in adolescence: the role of personality, reflective functioning, time perspective and dissociation
Abstract:
The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) formally recognized gaming disorder as an addictive health disorder like gambling disorder. The ICD-11 assumes that excessive online gaming can lead to functional/clinical impairments and psychological distress among a minority of individuals. The present study investigated similarities and commonalities between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gambling disorder among adolescents (N = 366 students, 13–19 years). Participants completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC-14), and the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES). Regression analyses showed that the significant predictors of (i) gambling severity were being male, high scores on the PID-5-BF Disinhibition and Antagonism domains, and low scores on RFQ-Certainty and CFC-Future subscales, and (ii) gaming severity were being male, high scores on the PID-5-BF Detachment scale and the A-DES, and low scores on the RFQ-Certainty. Risk factors shared by both disorders were male gender and impaired mentalization. Specific interventions on mentalization abilities may be useful in reducing and preventing problematic involvement in both gaming and gambling among adolescents.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 161-179
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1985583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1985583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:161-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Frankenburg
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Frankenburg
Title: Voltaire and gambling
Abstract:
François Marie Arouet (1694–1778), better known as Voltaire, was a leading figure of the French Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that criticized established institutions and promoted reason over faith. Gambling twice entered Voltaire’s life, although in different ways. In 1728 he and a friend, explorer Charles-Marie de La Condamine, formed a lottery syndicate and, by exploiting a flaw in the design of the lottery, made their fortunes. He also profited from this friendship by learning some principles of astronomy and geometry, later using this knowledge in some of his literary works. The second encounter involved his mistress, mathematician Émilie du Châtelet, who lost large amounts of Voltaire’s money while gambling with French royalty. Voltaire blamed her losses on some friends of the queen of France, whom he accused of cheating. Despite the financial loss, Voltaire also profited from this episode, albeit indirectly. During the game, he audibly insulted the queen’s friends, and to avoid their wrath, he ran away. While in hiding, he took the opportunity to write some masterpieces. An appreciation of these episodes and their benefits to Voltaire rests on an understanding of lottery design and the gambling behavior of the French nobility.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 37-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:37-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ekaterini Georgiadou
Author-X-Name-First: Ekaterini
Author-X-Name-Last: Georgiadou
Author-Name: Astrid Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Author-Name: Anne Koopmann
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Koopmann
Author-Name: Tagrid Leménager
Author-X-Name-First: Tagrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Leménager
Author-Name: Thomas Hillemacher
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Hillemacher
Author-Name: Falk Kiefer
Author-X-Name-First: Falk
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiefer
Title: Changes in gambling behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany
Abstract:
The present study aimed to investigate potential changes in gambling behavior and their association with pandemic-related opinions and feelings during the lockdown in Germany. An online survey promoted via print and social media channels as well as radio interviews was conducted between 8 April and 11 May 2020 to assess self-reported changes in gambling activities and related opinions, health fears and perceived stress due to the social restrictions during the lockdown. Out of the total voluntary response sample (N = 3245, 63.9% females, 45.1% completed more than 13 school years), 66.9% (n = 2172) did not gamble neither before nor during the lockdown, 2.4% (n = 79) gambled more, 3.6% (n = 117) gambled less, 12.7% (n = 413) did not change their gambling behavior, 12.9% (n = 420) stopped gambling and 1.4% (n = 44) started gambling. The highest increase in gambling activities was related to online slot machines and online/offline roulette/card games. Higher perceived stress due to the restrictions was associated with an increase or onset of gambling. While many individuals reduced or even stopped gambling, for a minority the restrictions were associated with an increase of gambling activities. Future studies are needed to assess how subsequent lockdowns affect gambling over the longer term.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 45-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1956562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1956562
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:45-62
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaume García
Author-X-Name-First: Jaume
Author-X-Name-Last: García
Author-Name: Levi Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Levi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez
Title: Nationalist sentiment and lottery markets: Evidence from Catalonia
Abstract:
To what extent nationalist sentiments affect economic behavior is still an open question. In this paper a study of emerging and competing lottery markets in the same jurisdiction (Catalonia, a Spanish region) is conducted to explore the impact of such nationalistic feelings in the demand for gambling. The use of panel data allows controlling for changing economic and demographic conditions at the province level and their potential effect on the analyzed lottery markets. The results from a difference-in-difference regression analysis indicate that a statistically significant but limited impact of the introduction of the new lottery exists, suggesting that the observed shift in the existing market demand may respond, beyond mere economic determinants, to behavioral biases (e.g. identification feeling with the new lottery).
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 63-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1962387
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1962387
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:63-81
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cătălin Bărboianu
Author-X-Name-First: Cătălin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bărboianu
Title: Mathematics of casino carnival games
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 180-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1965183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1965183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:180-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: iii-iv
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2054594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2054594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:iii-iv
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie A. Gorenko
Author-X-Name-First: Julie A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorenko
Author-Name: Candace A. Konnert
Author-X-Name-First: Candace A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Konnert
Author-Name: Thomas A. O’Neill
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas A.
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Neill
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: Psychometric properties of the Problem Gambling Severity Index Among Older Adults
Abstract:
The nine-item Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) is a self-report measure of problem gambling severity used in empirical and prevalence studies. This study examined the psychometric properties of the PGSI among older adult samples (60+ years), which have not yet been evaluated in the literature. Age equivalence of measures originally developed for use among general adult samples cannot be assumed; thus, such instruments should be evaluated to ensure appropriate use of such measures. Data were derived from the Leisure, Lifestyle, and Lifecycle Project and Quinte Longitudinal Study. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single-factor structure. Factor invariance between genders was identified. Internal consistency was considered good for the overall sample (α = .86). Concurrent validity between monthly overall gambling frequency and game types (EGMs, bingo, and instant win tickets) were supported for both continuous PGSI total score and categorical PGSI. In sum, the PGSI total score accurately reflects the construct of problem gambling among older adults.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 142-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1985582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.1985582
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:142-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RIGS_A_2003843_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Conceptual and methodological issues in pathways model research
Abstract:
The Pathways Model proposes three principal pathways into pathological or problem gambling which is predicated on two principal assumptions. The first is that risk factors can be differentiated into distinct clusters. The second is that certain preexisting individual differences, co-morbidities or circumstances contribute to an increased risk of subsequent gambling-related problems. In this paper, we argue that much of the evidence in support of the Pathways model has principally focused on the first of the assumptions. Research supports the view that there are sub-groups or subtypes of gamblers who approximate the clustering of characteristics postulated by the Pathways Model. However, such evidence does not so readily confirm the second assumption, namely the factors identified are antecedents or causal contributors to the development of gambling problems. In this paper, we examine the types of evidence required to strengthen support for the Model. Important research priorities include the need for additional longitudinal studies into the emergence and influence of risk factors; the relative importance of experiential and dispositional factors; and, being able to show differences in the pattern of associated co-morbidities as distinct from just differences in the severity of gambling disorder across the subtypes.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 211-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2003843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2003843
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:211-221
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RIGS_A_2055110_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Loredana A. Marchica
Author-X-Name-First: Loredana A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marchica
Author-Name: Jérémie Richard
Author-X-Name-First: Jérémie
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: William Ivoska
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivoska
Author-Name: Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Title: Problem video gaming in adolescents: An examination of the Pathways Model
Abstract:
Problem video gaming (PVG) is of significant concern among youth and contributes to increases in mental health issues among adolescents. Prevalence rates for PVG are estimated at 1-3% among non-clinical samples. Like problem gambling, it has been hypothesized that individuals reporting PVG are part of a heterogeneous group with different profiles, dependent on specific psychosocial factors. Identifying these profiles allows clinicians to create targeted interventions. The following preliminary study aimed to identify the emotional and behavioral characteristics that distinguish between subgroups of adolescents reporting PVG and how these subgroups compare to those proposed by the Pathways Model. The study included a cross-sectional sample of 288 adolescents reporting PVG from a Midwestern state. Measures included the Ohio Problem Severity Scales, the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-SF, and frequency of video gaming. A latent class analysis identified four classes which aligned with the subgroups proposed by the Pathways Model (i.e. behavioral conditioned, emotionally vulnerable, and antisocial/impulsivist), and two additional classes which could be considered as milder variants of the emotionally vulnerable and antisocial/impulsivist groups. These results suggest that adolescents reporting PVG form a heterogeneous group, with each profile requiring different considerations in developing targeted interventions. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 282-299
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2055110
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2055110
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:282-299
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RIGS_A_2083654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: ShayLin Excell
Author-X-Name-First: ShayLin
Author-X-Name-Last: Excell
Author-Name: Ciara N. Cannoy
Author-X-Name-First: Ciara N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cannoy
Author-Name: Danishi K. Bedi
Author-X-Name-First: Danishi K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bedi
Author-Name: Mannat K. Bedi
Author-X-Name-First: Mannat K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bedi
Author-Name: Yasir Mehmood
Author-X-Name-First: Yasir
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehmood
Author-Name: Leslie H. Lundahl
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundahl
Author-Name: David M. Ledgerwood
Author-X-Name-First: David M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ledgerwood
Title: Gambling disorder subtypes: an updated systematic review
Abstract:
Blaszczynski and Nower established the Pathways model as an integrative theoretical framework for subtyping GD. Within this framework, they propose three etiological subtypes of problem gamblers: (a) behaviorally conditioned, (b) emotionally vulnerable, and (c) antisocial impulsivist gamblers. The current systematic review was conducted to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the Pathways model and other subtyping models, providing an update to a previous systematic review. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Included articles were written in English, and published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2010 and 2021. The articles used empirical methods to derive subtypes from a sample of individuals who gamble, including both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 38 articles were included in this review. Articles are presented as consistent with Pathways or as utilizing another subtyping schema. Evaluation of the literature reveals that use of the Pathways model appears to be influential in efforts to subtype gamblers over the last decade. Other subtyping schemas that emphasize symptom severity and comorbid psychopathology may be incorporated into the Pathways model. Gaps in the current literature and future directions are discussed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 188-210
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2083654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2083654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:188-210
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RIGS_A_2088822_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Mario A. Ferrari
Author-X-Name-First: Mario A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari
Author-Name: Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield
Author-X-Name-First: Eve H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Limbrick-Oldfield
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Behavioral analysis of habit formation in modern slot machine gambling
Abstract:
Habit formation is a key process in contemporary models of addictive behaviors but has received limited attention in the context of gambling and problem gambling. Methods for examining habit formation and expression in relation to gambling are also lacking. In this study, 60 participants with no prior slot machine experience attended three sessions spaced 6–8 days apart, during which they played a short 200-spin session on a realistic simulation of a modern multi-line slot machine. Behavioral data were analyzed to characterize habit formation within and between sessions. Fixed-effects regressions, integrating trial- and session-level effects, assessed predictors of gambling speed (spin initiation latencies) and betting rigidity (the likelihood of switching the bet amount), as two putative markers of habit formation. Participants gambled faster and showed less variability in betting strategy as they accumulated experience in the number of trials and sessions gambled. Simultaneously, as the number of sessions gambled increased, participants showed a more pronounced tendency to slow their betting after larger wins (i.e. the post-reinforcement pause increased from session 1 to session 3). Our methods provide a basis for future research to examine habits in the context of slot machine gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 317-336
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:317-336
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# input file: RIGS_A_2108484_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Author-Name: David M. Ledgerwood
Author-X-Name-First: David M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ledgerwood
Title: Introduction to the Special Issue “20 years of the Pathways Model: understanding disordered gambling and other behavioural addictions”
Abstract:
The Pathways Model of problem gambling has become a highly influential framework in the field of gambling studies. This special issue commemorates 20 years since the publication of the original paper, highlighting the sustained impact of the Pathways Model across the broader and emergent field of behavioral addictions. As a framework, the Pathways Model set out two distinct objectives: first, to synthesize an array of risk factors and psychological processes that have been implicated in the etiology of gambling problems, and second, to characterize heterogeneity among people with gambling problems. As the articles included in this collection confirm, the three subtypes proposed by Blaszczynski & Nower continue to be an especially powerful stimulus for research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 183-187
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2108484
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2108484
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:183-187
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RIGS_A_2102203_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Céline Bonnaire
Author-X-Name-First: Céline
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnaire
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: A process-based analysis of the pathways model of problem gambling through clinical case formulations
Abstract:
Blaszczynski and Nower conceptualized in 2002 an integrative Pathways Model leading to gambling disorder by postulating three subtypes of individuals with problem gambling characterized by common and specific characteristics (sociodemographic features, comorbidities, psychological factors). Here we propose a clinical illustration that fits each subtype. For each pathway, we (1) describe a corresponding clinical case, (2) propose a symptom-based clinical description, and (3) elaborate a process-based case formulation to explain the development and maintenance of the problematic gambling behavior. We argue that the clinical work with patients benefited from this two-level approach (symptoms vs. psychological processes) combined with a more holistic approach that takes into account intrapersonal (e.g. personality), interpersonal (e.g. family functioning), and environmental variables (e.g. life events). Crucially, our approach not only considers psychopathological dimensions (e.g. symptoms, diagnostic criteria), but it also views as central individual differences (personality traits) and cognitive and affective processes postulated to mediate relationships between biopsychosocial antecedents and psychopathological symptoms. In the current paper, we aim to demonstrate how the Pathways Model can be used as a framework to embrace a holistic perspective that promotes individualized and process-centered psychological interventions for individuals with gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 222-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:222-246
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# input file: RIGS_A_2044502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Jamey J. Lister
Author-X-Name-First: Jamey J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lister
Author-Name: Miyoung Yoon
Author-X-Name-First: Miyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoon
Author-Name: Lia Nower
Author-X-Name-First: Lia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Author-Name: Jennifer D. Ellis
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ellis
Author-Name: David M. Ledgerwood
Author-X-Name-First: David M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ledgerwood
Title: Subtypes of patients with opioid use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment: A pathways model analysis
Abstract:
This study applied constructs from a widely-utilized subtyping model in the field of gambling studies, the Pathways Model, to a sample of 118 patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone-maintenance-treatment. Surveys were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to examine whether the Pathways Model indicators distinguished class membership, with confidence band interpretation used to compare class scores, and multinomial logistic regression conducted to examine associations with other correlates. LCA fit indices supported a three-class solution: (1) ‘opioid-related only’ (55.9%), (2) ‘personal trauma/emotionally vulnerable’ (15.3%), and (3) ‘impulsive/current psychopathology’ (28.8%). Class 1 was characterized by lower scores on nearly all indicators. Class 2 was characterized by the highest scores for personal experiences with sexual, physical, and emotional abuse during childhood and interpersonal trauma, and high impulsivity scores. Class 3 was characterized by the highest scores on stress, depression, loneliness, and impulsivity. Classes 2 and 3 both had higher scores for witnessing community violence, opioid-related coping motives, and impulsivity than Class 1. Gender, age, opioid-related consequences, and social network substance misuse were associated with membership. Our findings generally demonstrate trans-diagnostic overlap with the Pathways Model, offering support for the model’s translation to other addictions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 300-316
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2044502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2044502
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:300-316
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# input file: RIGS_A_2077975_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: C. Primi
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Primi
Author-Name: M.A. Donati
Author-X-Name-First: M.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Donati
Author-Name: O. Casciani
Author-X-Name-First: O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Casciani
Author-Name: O. De Luca
Author-X-Name-First: O.
Author-X-Name-Last: De Luca
Author-Name: D. Capitanucci
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Capitanucci
Author-Name: R. Smaniotto
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smaniotto
Author-Name: S. Cabrini
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cabrini
Author-Name: M. Avanzi
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Avanzi
Author-Name: A. Fiorin
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiorin
Author-Name: G. Bellio
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellio
Author-Name: L. Giachero
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Giachero
Author-Name: A. Baselice
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Baselice
Author-Name: A. Iozzi
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Iozzi
Author-Name: G. Iraci Sareri
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Iraci Sareri
Author-Name: L. Nower
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nower
Title: Measuring the pathways model through the gambling pathways questionnaire: the psychometric properties of the Italian version
Abstract:
Over the last decade, gambling opportunities worldwide have increased significantly, providing continual access to more people. Thus, standardized measures to assess various facets of Gambling Disorder and holistic approaches to identifying sub-groups of disordered gamblers are needed. The Gambling Pathways Questionnaire (GPQ), based on the Pathways Model of problem gambling, is designed to assign gamblers to subtypes at intake and identify a variety of salient etiological factors. This study sought to validate the Italian version of the GPQ. After the translation and adaptation of the scale to the Italian language and culture, the GPQ was administered to 490 treatment-seeking disordered gamblers (84% males, Mage = 43.77, SD = 13.25) who attended 54 treatment centers distributed across all of Italy. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the six-factor structure and internal coherence coefficients showed good to very good reliability. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the three-cluster solution produced the best model fit, which generally corresponded with the Pathways Model. The Italian version of the GPQ evidenced good psychometric properties, and the Italian-adapted scoring corresponds to the cluster analysis.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 263-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2077975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2077975
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:263-281
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# input file: RIGS_A_2029527_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Gemma Mestre-Bach
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma
Author-X-Name-Last: Mestre-Bach
Author-Name: Roser Granero
Author-X-Name-First: Roser
Author-X-Name-Last: Granero
Author-Name: Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Aranda
Author-Name: Marc N. Potenza
Author-X-Name-First: Marc N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Potenza
Author-Name: Susana Jiménez-Murcia
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Murcia
Title: Exploring the pathways model in a sample of patients with gambling disorder
Abstract:
From clinical and research perspectives, the Pathways Model has been supported in adolescent and adult populations as a theoretical explanatory framework for considering gambling disorder (GD). However, it has been less well explored in clinical samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the Pathways Model, specifically pathways 2 (emotionally vulnerable) and 3 (antisocial impulsivist), in 241 consecutive treatment-seeking adults with GD. Structural equation modeling was used. Path analyses that considered continuous variables provided, in general, support for the Pathways Model in this clinical population, albeit with some caveats. The results suggest the presence of different profiles of gamblers, with some having emotions and others impulsivity-related factors more prominently involved. Additional associations, not raised by the model, were also found. For example, a greater role for anxiety as compared with depression was observed in pathway 2, and important mediating roles for cognitive distortions and habituation were observed across pathways. Using an approach that considered variables dimensionally may help aid in understanding clinically relevant relationships. The current findings suggest complexities regarding relationships between factors involved in GD clinical samples. These findings have implications for characterizing subtypes of GD and development of optimal prevention and treatment approaches.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 247-262
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2029527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2029527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:247-262
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# input file: RIGS_A_2055339_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: i-iii
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2055339
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2055339
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:2:p:i-iii
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# input file: RIGS_A_2014930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Nigel E. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Mark van der Maas
Author-X-Name-First: Mark van der
Author-X-Name-Last: Maas
Author-Name: Jing Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Eleanor Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Masood Zangeneh
Author-X-Name-First: Masood
Author-X-Name-Last: Zangeneh
Author-Name: Sarah Cool
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Cool
Author-Name: Ernest Molah
Author-X-Name-First: Ernest
Author-X-Name-Last: Molah
Author-Name: Tara Elton Marshall
Author-X-Name-First: Tara Elton
Author-X-Name-Last: Marshall
Title: Knowledge of random events and chance in people with gambling problems: an item analysis
Abstract:
This paper examines the items of two scales, the Random Events Knowledge Test (REKT) and the Chance Test, and examines their relationship with problem gambling (N = 1375). Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the REKT was broken down into four sub-scales: Due to Win, Counterintuitive Nature of random chance, Odds Do Not Improve, and Biases and Wins. The Chance Test was broken down into three sub-scales: abstract Odds, Table Odds, and Chance Odds. These sub-scales were regressed onto of problem gambling severity and revealed that more knowledge about random chance on all sub-scales of the REKT and Abstract Odds from the Chance Test were negatively related to problem gambling. On the other hand, we found that higher score on the Table Odds and Chance Odds from the Chance Test were positively related to problem gambling. The results illustrate that compared to people who do not have a gambling problem, problem gamblers have a more accurate understanding of some aspects of the chances of winning specific games, but have a poorer understanding of various implications of the independence of random events. The findings suggest potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of problem gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 412-431
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2014930
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2014930
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:412-431
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# input file: RIGS_A_2002383_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Per Binde
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Binde
Author-Name: Jenny Cisneros Örnberg
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny
Author-X-Name-Last: Cisneros Örnberg
Author-Name: David Forsström
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Forsström
Title: Criminogenic problem gambling: a study of verdicts by Swedish courts
Abstract:
This study explored the characteristics and consequences of criminogenic problem gambling in Sweden. All verdicts (N = 283,884) delivered by Swedish general courts between 2014 and 2018 were subjected to a key word search for the term ‘problem gambling’ and its synonyms. Verdicts that met the search criterion (n = 1,232) were inspected manually and cases in which problem gambling clearly was the main cause for committing crime (n = 282) were analyzed quantitatively. The most common types of crimes were fraud and embezzlement (67%). Each year around 400 individuals, companies, and organizations became victims of gambling-driven crimes, with nonprofit organizations being the most severely affected. Those convicted for such crimes were older, and to a greater extent female and first-time offenders, compared to national statistics on crimes in general. This suggests that in Sweden, middle-aged women are a high-risk group for severe gambling problems that should be monitored particularly closely by gambling companies for indications of problematic gambling. We conclude that although crimes driven by problem gambling are relatively rare in the justice system, they bring considerable harm to victims and the perpetrators themselves.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 344-364
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2002383
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2002383
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:344-364
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# input file: RIGS_A_2002384_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Catherine Tulloch
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Tulloch
Author-Name: Matthew Browne
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne
Author-Name: Nerilee Hing
Author-X-Name-First: Nerilee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hing
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: Margo Hilbrecht
Author-X-Name-First: Margo
Author-X-Name-Last: Hilbrecht
Title: How gambling harms the wellbeing of family and others: a review
Abstract:
Problem gambling can have negative impacts on both harmed gamblers, and those people close to them (concerned significant others; CSOs). Experiencing these gambling-related harms can have a significant impact on a person’s wellbeing and quality of life. Recently, the focus of research on people with gambling problems has expanded from exploring gambling-related harms and specific psychological outcomes, to include global evaluations of health and wellbeing. However, it is also important to understand the degree to which these impacts extend to CSOs. This narrative literature review presents what is known about the impact of gambling-related harms on CSOs’ wellbeing and identifies areas of future enquiry. The review identified both knowledge and methodological gaps, including that relatively little is known about impacts to CSOs’ subjective wellbeing. What is known, is confounded by different methods of identifying CSOs across studies, and the use of predominantly small, non-representative, and treatment-related samples. Addressing these gaps will lead to a greater understanding of the impact of problem gambling on the community.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 522-540
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2002384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2002384
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:522-540
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# input file: RIGS_A_2041067_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Lucas Palmer
Author-X-Name-First: Lucas
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer
Author-Name: Natalie Cringle
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Cringle
Author-Name: Luke Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: A scoping review of experimental manipulations examining the impact of monetary format on gambling behaviour
Abstract:
Gambling involves monetary bets and prizes, but the money can take a range of formats, including cash, chips, ticket-in ticket-out vouchers, and digital options including banking cards. As societies move toward cashless payment for many goods, the question arises of how emerging payment technologies might impact gambling-related harms. We performed a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to identify research testing the effects of monetary format in gambling. Our eligibility criteria focused on controlled experimental manipulations, to best establish the causal impact of monetary format. We sought to characterize different types of monetary manipulations that have been studied in a gambling context. We identified 19 eligible articles, comprising 23 individual experiments. These experiments were organized according to four distinct manipulations. The most common design (12 experiments), compared gambling under the presence or absence of money. Smaller numbers of experiments were identified manipulating monetary salience, testing Responsible Gambling tools, and testing the impact of promotional inducements. We identified no studies that compared gambling using cash against digital payment forms. Our review highlights a paucity of research testing the possible impact of digital and cashless payment options on gambling related harms, using experimental designs that would permit causal conclusions to be drawn.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 499-521
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2041067
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2041067
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:499-521
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# input file: RIGS_A_2009003_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Michael Auer
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Auer
Title: Limit-setting in gambling: Some further thoughts and observations on Delfabbro and King (2021)
Abstract:
A recent review by Delfabbro and King (2021) published in International Gambling Studies examined the efficacy of voluntary versus mandatory limit-setting in gambling. The review examined 25 empirical studies (18 on voluntary limit-setting and seven on mandatory limit-setting). In this short commentary, we outline a few other thoughts and observations as a supplement to their review. Of the 25 studies reviewed, only ten were published in peer-reviewed journals and given the high reliance on studies in the grey literature, there were other studies that could have been included. There were also other studies not meeting Delfabbro and King’s inclusion criterion that could have provided some further useful data.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 337-343
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2009003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2009003
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:337-343
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# input file: RIGS_A_2007976_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Tiange Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Tiange
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Shane Kraus
Author-X-Name-First: Shane
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraus
Author-Name: Heather M. Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Heather M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Eric R. Louderback
Author-X-Name-First: Eric R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Louderback
Author-Name: Debi LaPlante
Author-X-Name-First: Debi
Author-X-Name-Last: LaPlante
Author-Name: Bo Bernhard
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard
Title: Association between casino resort employee department and responsible gambling program perceptions: a three-year follow-up study
Abstract:
This study presents results from a third wave of data collection of a longitudinal project investigating implementation of an RG program, GameSense, at MGM Resorts International (MGM), and how casino employees perceive responsible gambling (RG) efforts. Survey data at three time periods – Year 1 (baseline, N = 2,192), Year 2 (one-year follow-up, N = 852) and Year 3 (two-year follow-up, N = 1,114) – measured MGM employees’ (1) perceptions of RG program effectiveness, (2) gambling misconceptions, and (3) perceived company support. We conducted a one-way MANCOVA on Year 3 data, with gambling industry tenure as the covariate, and a two-way MANCOVA to examine the interaction and main effects of department of employment and time period. In Year 3, Front of House Casino employees were more likely than their colleagues to perceive RG programs as effective, suggesting they can play a valuable role in refining internal program content and delivery. In investigating year-over-year changes, both perceived program effectiveness and perceived company support were lower in Year 3 than in Years 1 and 2. GameSense is designed to be part of company culture, and fluctuations in year-over-year findings suggest RG cultural change should be viewed as a long-term goal, not necessarily achieved immediately after initial program launch.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 390-411
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2007976
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2007976
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:390-411
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# input file: RIGS_A_2035422_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mu He
Author-X-Name-First: Mu
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Juliet Honglei Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Juliet Honglei
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Anise M. S. Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Anise M. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Kwok Kit Tong
Author-X-Name-First: Kwok Kit
Author-X-Name-Last: Tong
Title: Fast or slow: applying life history strategies to responsible gambling adherence
Abstract:
From the evolutionary perspective, life history (LH) strategies have been used to account for individual differences in behaviors and traits such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, and risk-taking propensity. The present study aimed to extend the application of LH strategies based on the psychometric approach to study individual differences in endorsing protective gambling beliefs and adopting responsible gambling (RG) behaviors. We conducted a telephone survey in Macao, China, and acquired a community-dwelling Chinese adult sample (N = 697) with the two-stage cluster random sampling method. Regression analyses showed that individuals with slower LH strategies displayed higher levels of protective gambling beliefs and RG behaviors. As hypothesized, protective gambling beliefs demonstrated a positive association with RG behaviors; furthermore, we found its partial mediating effect on the relationship between LH strategies and RG behaviors. Our findings suggested that one could take LH strategies into account in understanding individual differences in adopting RG behaviors and designing tailored measures to promote RG adherence. The present study also highlighted the effect of protective gambling beliefs in exploring the underlying mechanism of the link between LH strategies and RG behaviors, pointing to a potential avenue in fostering protective gambling beliefs to further increase RG adherence.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 444-458
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:444-458
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# input file: RIGS_A_2002385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Natale Canale
Author-X-Name-First: Natale
Author-X-Name-Last: Canale
Author-Name: Enrico Rubaltelli
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubaltelli
Author-Name: Antonio Calcagnì
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Calcagnì
Author-Name: Alessio Vieno
Author-X-Name-First: Alessio
Author-X-Name-Last: Vieno
Author-Name: Marta Giovannoni
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Giovannoni
Author-Name: Gaëtan Devos
Author-X-Name-First: Gaëtan
Author-X-Name-Last: Devos
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Title: The effects of induced sadness, stress sensitivity, negative urgency, and gender in laboratory gambling
Abstract:
Previous research indicates that the invigorating effect of stress sensitivity on gambling behavior might be moderated by individual differences. The current preregistered study tested whether gender and negative urgency (i.e. an emotion-related impulsivity trait) moderate the relationship between perceived stress and laboratory gambling following experimentally induced sadness. One hundred twenty college students were randomly assigned to a sadness versus a control condition before completing a laboratory gambling task. Although the distribution of the main study variables forced us to slightly deviate from the preregistered data analysis plan, we were able to show that heightened stress sensitivity affects gambling behavior and that this effect differs by gender (but not in terms of negative urgency) under conditions of sadness versus neutral mood. Men with high stress sensitivity gambled more money and more frequently selected the riskier betting option in the sadness condition, whereas women with heightened stress sensitivity display the same pattern in the neutral condition. Our study is relevant from a methodological standpoint and answers recent calls for endorsing open-science practices in gambling research. Findings also suggest that more research into female gambling is warranted and that emotion-regulation skills should be a central component of problem gambling prevention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 365-389
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2002385
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2021.2002385
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:365-389
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# input file: RIGS_A_2038655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Seema Mutti-Packer
Author-X-Name-First: Seema
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutti-Packer
Author-Name: Hyoun S. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyoun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Daniel S. McGrath
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel S.
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath
Author-Name: Emma V. Ritchie
Author-X-Name-First: Emma V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ritchie
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Matthew Rockloff
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockloff
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Title: An experiment on the perceived efficacy of fear-based messages in online roulette
Abstract:
The current study examined the emotional and cognitive evaluations as well as the perceived efficacy of fear-based, text-only pop-up messages. The pop-up messages were presented when viewing a 3-minute prerecorded video of online roulette play. Fifty-nine people who gamble online viewed both low- and high-threat messages that reflected, by random assignment, either the financial (n= 27) or social (n= 32) consequences of gambling. Participants then reported their emotional and cognitive evaluations of the messages, as well as their perceived efficacy to facilitate responsible gambling. Eye-tracking was used as an objective measure of attention to the message. A 2 (message theme: social, financial) x 2 (threat level: low, high) mixed-model ANOVA was used to examine the evaluations and efficacy of the messages. The main effects of message theme/threat level were not significant. The 2 × 2 interaction for the outcome of overall effectiveness was significant, whereby the high-threat and social message combination was rated more effective than other combinations. For eye-tracking, there were no significant findings. The results suggest that fear-based social messaging may be more effective than non-fear inducing or financially-oriented messages. Further research can explore if messages that are perceived to be effective likewise lead to lower-risk gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 480-498
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2038655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2038655
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# input file: RIGS_A_2029528_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Eamon Patrick Garrett
Author-X-Name-First: Eamon Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrett
Author-Name: James D. Sauer
Author-X-Name-First: James D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sauer
Author-Name: Aaron Drummond
Author-X-Name-First: Aaron
Author-X-Name-Last: Drummond
Author-Name: Emily Lowe-Calverley
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Lowe-Calverley
Title: Problem gambling and income as predictors of loot box spending
Abstract:
Loot boxes are randomized virtual rewards often purchasable for real money. They have often been compared to gambling activities, and a consistent link between loot box spending and problem gambling symptomatology has been found. We reanalyzed data from 1049 participants across three countries to examine the interaction between yearly income and problem gambling symptomatology on loot box spending. Results evidenced the best model of loot box spending included the combined main effects of income and PGSI, but there was no evidence for an interaction between these factors. Follow-up analysis of the main effect of income indicated greater spending on loot boxes in higher income brackets compared to lower income brackets. Overall, problem gambling symptomatology appears more important than income, but both contribute to loot box spending.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 432-443
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2029528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2029528
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:432-443
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# input file: RIGS_A_2035423_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kahlil Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Author-Name: Richard Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Michael Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: Casino proximity, visit frequency, and gambling problems
Abstract:
The geospatial impact of casinos on gambling problems is poorly understood, despite its importance to policy decisions. In this study, we propose a conceptual model to describe how access relates to gambling problems and we test whether access convenience increases risk. We collect a large sample of Canadian gamblers (n = 6,234) and geolocate each individual relative to domestic casino locations (N = 110), using their home addresses. Our analysis suggests that nearby casinos increase risk for residents. We further find that frequency of play mediates the relationship, implying an indirect link between access convenience and gambling problems. The results are robust to several estimation strategies that address endogeneity issues found in the empirical literature.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 459-479
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2035423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2035423
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:22:y:2022:i:3:p:459-479
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# input file: RIGS_A_2083655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta
Author-X-Name-First: Bernadeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Lelonek-Kuleta
Title: Male gambling on retirement – qualitative analysis of problem and non-problem Polish gamblers’ motivation to gamble
Abstract:
The aim of the research was to learn about the specifics of motivation to gamble for retired men in Poland against the background of the severity of gambling problems. Gambling activity among seniors has not been studied so far in Poland, while global studies usually include seniors as a homogeneous group in terms of gender, which makes it impossible to recognize the gender-specific motivation. The qualitative study carried out in 2017 included 44 men aged 55–83. The recruitment took place in various gambling establishments in Poland. The study inclusion criteria was the subject’s retirement and regular gambling (once a week or more) at least six months before the interview. The thematic analysis was used to data analysis. Ten main motives and five parent categories of gambling motives among senior male gamblers has been identified. The most common motivation to gamble are factors from the self-gratification area. Challenge was the motivation least frequently mentioned by the sample. Non-problem gamblers are most often motivated by social factors, while problem gamblers are mainly motivated by financial reasons and to cope with difficulties. In Poland, a deteriorating financial situation at retirement age can be an important risk factor for gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 96-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2083655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2083655
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:1:p:96-117
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# input file: RIGS_A_2063923_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Glen Dighton
Author-X-Name-First: Glen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dighton
Author-Name: Katie Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Katie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Cherie Armour
Author-X-Name-First: Cherie
Author-X-Name-Last: Armour
Author-Name: Matt Fossey
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: Fossey
Author-Name: Lee Hogan
Author-X-Name-First: Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Hogan
Author-Name: Neil Kitchiner
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Kitchiner
Author-Name: Justyn Larcombe
Author-X-Name-First: Justyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Larcombe
Author-Name: Robert D. Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: Robert D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Author-Name: Simon Dymond
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Dymond
Title: Gambling problems among United Kingdom armed forces veterans: Associations with gambling motivation and posttraumatic stress disorder
Abstract:
Military service, mental health, and gambling activities and motivations as predictors of problem gambling in a sample of UK AF veterans. Age-and-gender matched veterans (n = 1,037) and non-veterans (n = 1,148) completed an online survey of problem gambling, gambling motivation, mental health (depression and anxiety), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Past year problem gambling rates were higher in veterans compared to non-veterans. Veteran status predicted increased problem gambling risk. The relationship between problem gambling and gambling to cope with distress was significantly stronger among veterans. Veterans experiencing PTSD and complex PTSD (C-PTSD) were at increased risk of problem gambling. Overall, the present, findings contribute further international evidence that veterans are a population vulnerable to problem gambling. Veterans with PTSD or C-PTSD are most at-risk and may engage in problematic gambling to escape/avoid distress. Routine screening for gambling problems should be undertaken with current and former military personnel, and further research is needed on the interplay between gambling motivation and veterans’ mental health.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 35-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2063923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2063923
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# input file: RIGS_A_2046843_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Daniel Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Title: Microtransaction spending and problematic gambling of UK university call of duty gamers
Abstract:
Increased implementation of loot boxes within computer games has received widespread concern for the wellbeing of gamers, especially given the increased engagement during COVID-19 restrictions. Loot boxes share similarities with traditional gambling mechanisms that influence addiction-like behaviors and the amount of money spent on in-game items. The present study investigated loot box expenditure alongside peer engagement, perceptions of gaming value, self-worth, and problematic gambling of 130 Call of Duty players. Results identified significantly higher Risky Loot Box Index and visual authority scores for high-risk and medium-risk problem gamblers than non-problem gamblers. High-risk problem gamblers were also found to have higher purchase intention and validation seeking scores than non-problem gamblers. Problem gambling risk and all but three self-worth and perceived value subscale behaviors were not associated with loot box expenditure, contrasting previous findings. Concerning peer influence, non-problem gamblers were significantly less likely to play any Call of Duty game with friends whilst having all or most friends purchase loot boxes were also found to be associated with higher RLBI scores. The findings continue to support the associations between loot box engagement and problematic gambling and suggests the need to continue to explore individual in-game motivations for engaging with microtransactions.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 15-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2046843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2046843
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# input file: RIGS_A_2105927_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Amanda Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Raegan Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Raegan
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Author-Name: Elli-Jay McNally
Author-X-Name-First: Elli-Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: McNally
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Steve Sharman
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharman
Title: Teacher attitudes towards and awareness of adolescent gambling behavior in the UK
Abstract:
Numbers of adolescents experiencing gambling related harm are increasing. Teachers spend a significant amount of time with students and their attitudes can make an impact on engagement in high-risk behavior. However, teachers’ awareness of, and attitudes towards adolescent gambling are under-researched; this study aimed to address this gap. 157 UK schoolteachers completed an online survey assessing their perceptions of adolescent gambling. Cochran’s-Q tests of association and regression analyses revealed that teachers perceived adolescent gambling as significantly less serious than other high-risk behaviors. Teachers also reported having significantly less frequent conversations about gambling and were less confident addressing gambling issues than other high-risk behaviors. Arguments are made for increased teacher training around problematic youth gambling. Such a strategy would be a prerequisite for the development and implementation of targeted prevention from harms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 160-184
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2105927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2105927
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:1:p:160-184
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# input file: RIGS_A_2088823_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Heather Wardle
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardle
Author-Name: Alexey Kolesnikov
Author-X-Name-First: Alexey
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolesnikov
Author-Name: Ingo Fiedler
Author-X-Name-First: Ingo
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiedler
Author-Name: Nathan Critchlow
Author-X-Name-First: Nathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Critchlow
Author-Name: Kate Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Title: Is the economic model of gambling dependent on problem gambling? Evidence from an online survey of regular sports bettors in Britain
Abstract:
Understanding how the gambling industry generates revenue is of paramount importance. Questions about whether higher volumes of expenditure are concentrated among a small proportion of gamblers, and how this varies by problematic gambling status, underpin policy debate about consumer protection. Analyzing data from two timepoints (T0; T2) from a British longitudinal study of regular sports bettors, we explored both for total (gross) spend and gross spend on individual activities: (a) the concentration of self-reported spend on gambling among individuals; and (b) the extent to which spending was disproportionately generated by those with elevated Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores. Results showed that gross gambling expenditure was unequal (GINI-coefficient >0.70 for most activities). At both timepoints, those with a PGSI score of 3+ had an elevated share of spending: at T2, 14.1% of PGSI 3+ gamblers accounted for 43.5% of gross gambling spend. There were differences by activity: lotteries displayed less reliance on those with a PGSI score of 3+ whereas this group contributed over 80% of gross spend on online casinos. Policy attention should focus on reframing the underlying economic model on which some gambling activities are predicated, creating more equal patterns of consumption and less reliance on those harmed.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 139-159
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2088823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2088823
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# input file: RIGS_A_2079705_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Steffi De Jans
Author-X-Name-First: Steffi
Author-X-Name-Last: De Jans
Title: The effectiveness of betting odds in digital gambling advertising for sports betting
Abstract:
Digital gambling advertising is omnipresent nowadays and leads young adults easily and directly to online gambling websites, challenging their self-control and inducing impulsive behaviors. The current study examines how including betting odds in digital gambling advertising for sports betting affects young adults’ gambling intentions and gambling attitudes toward sports betting and whether positive affective reactions toward the advertising can explain this. In addition, the moderating roles of gender and advertising format are investigated. The results of a two (advertising strategy: no odds advertising versus odds advertising) by two (digital advertising format: social media ad versus online banner) between-subjects experiment among 150 young adults (18 to 25 years) show that odds advertising (compared to an ad not including odds) led to more positive affective reactions toward the sports betting advertisement, which subsequently positively affected both gambling intentions and gambling attitudes. However, these results were only true for men and not for women. Finally, there was no moderating role of digital advertising format.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 75-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2079705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2079705
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:1:p:75-95
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# input file: RIGS_A_2077977_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jessika Spångberg
Author-X-Name-First: Jessika
Author-X-Name-Last: Spångberg
Author-Name: Josefin Månsson
Author-X-Name-First: Josefin
Author-X-Name-Last: Månsson
Author-Name: Jukka Törrönen
Author-X-Name-First: Jukka
Author-X-Name-Last: Törrönen
Author-Name: Eva Samuelsson
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Samuelsson
Title: Making sense of gambling. Swedish youth navigating between risk and responsibility
Abstract:
Youth gambling is commonly described in policy and research as a high-risk behavior. To design relevant measures to prevent gambling problems among youth, it is important to understand how youth themselves relate to gambling. To explore how youth navigate their position on gambling in the context of their everyday lives, we conducted qualitative interviews with 35 participants aged 17–21 years in Sweden; 15 had gambled and 20 had experience of others’ gambling. The thematic analysis showed that both gamblers and non-gamblers overall had negative attitudes toward gambling and emphasized repeatedly discourses of personal responsibility in it. The participants used various neutralization techniques to navigate the economic and addictive risks of gambling. Youth who gambled distanced themselves from the risks of gambling by drawing a line between themselves and excessive gamblers, between safe and unsafe gambling, or highlighted how their skills and strategic thinking made gambling less problematic. Also, gambling in liminal circumstances abroad or in alcohol-serving venues offered a safe time and place for gambling by separating it from everyday life practices. The findings provide important cues to how young people locate gambling in their everyday life, which is useful knowledge for policy and prevention.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 57-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2077977
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2077977
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# input file: RIGS_A_2041702_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jennifer Nicole Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Robert John Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert John
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Nolan Brian Gooding
Author-X-Name-First: Nolan Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Gooding
Author-Name: Jessy Mix
Author-X-Name-First: Jessy
Author-X-Name-Last: Mix
Title: Financial speculation in Canada: prevalence, correlates and relationship to gambling
Abstract:
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence, demographic profile, and correlates of financial speculation in Canada, with a focus on its relationship to gambling. In cooperation with Statistics Canada, a brief assessment of financial speculation was developed and included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and administered to 23,952 adults. The past year national prevalence of financial speculation was found to be 3.6%, with the province of Alberta having the only higher inter-provincial rate. Speculators were predominantly male, White, with a modal age of 30–49, and with higher educational attainment and household income. In terms of health indicators, they were more likely to be regular alcohol drinkers and occasional smokers, but to have better self-reported general health, mental health, and life satisfaction. However, the strongest multivariate predictor of speculation was higher frequency of gambling involvement. Speculators had higher levels of participation in all types of gambling (especially skill-based formats) with the exception of instant lotteries. This high level of involvement contributes to somewhat higher rates of problem gambling symptomatology. The present investigation confirms that speculation not only has a strong conceptual relationship to gambling but also a strong empirical relationship.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2041702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2041702
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# input file: RIGS_A_2086992_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Samantha J. Hollingshead
Author-X-Name-First: Samantha J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hollingshead
Author-Name: Christopher G. Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Title: The customer-brand relationship in the gambling industry: positive play predicts attitudinal and behavioral loyalty
Abstract:
This research draws on the model of positive play (i.e. responsible gambling) to investigate whether positive play beliefs (e.g. accurate understanding about the odds of success on games of chance) and behavior (e.g. setting a limit on gambling expenditures) are associated with attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Results from Study 1 indicated that among American casino loyalty program members (N = 188), positive play was predictive of attitudinal loyalty when controlling for disordered gambling symptomatology. In Study 2, using survey and player-account data from 383 members of a Canadian casino loyalty program, we found that positive play was negatively associated with behavioral loyalty, but that this association was eliminated after accounting for disordered gambling symptomatology. These results suggest that fostering positive play may help increase positive perceptions of a casino and its loyalty program without undermining the amount of money a player spends at that casino.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 118-138
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2086992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2086992
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# input file: RIGS_A_2114526_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Natacha Carragher
Author-X-Name-First: Natacha
Author-X-Name-Last: Carragher
Author-Name: Jiang Long
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Long
Author-Name: Ilinca Radu
Author-X-Name-First: Ilinca
Author-X-Name-Last: Radu
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Author-Name: Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Rumpf
Author-Name: Sawitri Assanangkornchai
Author-X-Name-First: Sawitri
Author-X-Name-Last: Assanangkornchai
Author-Name: John B. Saunders
Author-X-Name-First: John B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders
Author-Name: Susumu Higuchi
Author-X-Name-First: Susumu
Author-X-Name-Last: Higuchi
Title: Monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on problematic gambling and gaming: an international key informant survey
Abstract:
This paper reports a qualitative survey of experts in problem gaming and/or problem gambling from 19 countries worldwide on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on problematic gaming and gambling. Twenty-seven problem gaming experts reported (i) no licensing changes, (ii) few existing or newly introduced policies or regulations, (iii) overall increases in gaming, (iv) adverse health-related outcomes, (v) media coverage of gaming and eSports, (vi) limited health service capacity for treatment and prevention, (vii) difficulty in connecting with patients, and (viii) adaptations including transition to telemedicine. Twenty-eight problem gambling experts reported (i) no changes in policies or regulation, (ii) increased activity of off-shore betting companies, and (iii) increases in online gambling, though (iv) decreased expenditure due to closure of land-based gambling venues, (v) adverse health-related outcomes, (vi) some financial benefits from savings, (vii) few and poorly accessible treatment facilities and (viii) transition to telemedicine. There is a need for: guidelines on the prevention and management of excessive gaming and gambling; studies examining the public health consequences of eSports viewing and participation and closure of land-based gambling venues on other forms of gambling; and longitudinal studies in a number of different areas described herein.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 203-224
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2114526
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2114526
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:203-224
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# input file: RIGS_A_2130957_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Soo-Bi Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Soo-Bi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Yerim Shin
Author-X-Name-First: Yerim
Author-X-Name-Last: Shin
Author-Name: Jihun Na
Author-X-Name-First: Jihun
Author-X-Name-Last: Na
Title: Differences in gambling behaviors and mental health depending on types of gambling motives among young adults in Korea
Abstract:
This study explores how various gambling motives are complexly typified among young adults and examines the difference between gambling behavior and problems and mental health according to typed groups of sub-gambling motives. With 243 young adults as subjects, latent class analysis using M-plus was employed to check how the gambling motives of young adults are typified, and chi-test and one-way ANOVA were performed on the differences in gambling behavior, gambling problems, and mental health according to the derived latent group (typing). As a result, the parallel and complex aspects of gambling motives were derived into four types of gambling motives, and according to group characteristics, they were named as follows: low overall motivation group (29.8%), high level of avoidance-focused-complex motivation group (36.4%), high level of excitement and social motivation group (19.0%), and high level of monetary and amusement motivation group (14.9%). According to the types of gambling motives, differences in gambling behavior, gambling problems, and mental health were higher in the high-level avoidance-focused-complex motivation group than in the other groups. Based on these results, we suggest establishing an intervention strategy by carefully evaluating the level of avoidance motivation and its causes when various motives are combined in clinical settings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 239-256
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2130957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2130957
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# input file: RIGS_A_2143546_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: David C. Hodgins
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgins
Author-Name: Matthew M. Young
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Author-Name: Shawn R. Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Shawn R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Max Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Max
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Rosa Billi
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Billi
Author-Name: Natacha Brunelle
Author-X-Name-First: Natacha
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunelle
Author-Name: Jean-Michel Costes
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Costes
Author-Name: Magali Dufour
Author-X-Name-First: Magali
Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour
Author-Name: Marie-Claire Flores-Pajot
Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Claire
Author-X-Name-Last: Flores-Pajot
Author-Name: Daniel T. Olason
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olason
Author-Name: Catherine Paradis
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Paradis
Author-Name: Ulla Romild
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla
Author-X-Name-Last: Romild
Author-Name: Anne Salonen
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Salonen
Author-Name: Rachel Volberg
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Volberg
Author-Name: Louise Nadeau
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Nadeau
Title: Lower-risk gambling limits: linked analyses across eight countries
Abstract:
A common public health initiative in many jurisdictions is provision of advice to people to limit gambling to reduce the risk of gambling-related harm. The purpose of this study is to use consistent methodology with existing population-based prevalence surveys of gambling and related harms from different countries to identify quantitative limits for lower risk gambling. Risk curve analyses were conducted with eleven high quality data sets from eight Western countries. Gambling indicators were monthly expenditure, percentage of income spent on gambling, monthly frequency, and number of different types of gambling. Harm indicators included financial, emotional, health, and relationship impacts. Contributing data sets produced limit ranges for each gambling indicator and each harm indicator, which were compared. Gender differences in limit ranges were minor. Modal analysis, an assessment of the mean of the upper and lower range limits, indicated that the risk of harm increases if an individual gambles at these levels or greater: $60 to $120 CAD monthly, five to eight times monthly, spends more than 1 to 3% of gross monthly income or plays three to four different gambling types. This study provides further evidence that lower-risk gambling guidelines can be based upon empirically derived limits.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 328-344
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2143546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2143546
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# input file: RIGS_A_2135227_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Charlotte Eben
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Eben
Author-Name: Zhang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Author-Name: Frederick Verbruggen
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbruggen
Title: Outcome sequences and illusion of control – part II: the effect on post-loss speeding
Abstract:
When gambling, people tend to speed up after losses. This ’post-loss speeding’ is in contrast with ’post-error slowing’, which is often observed in behavioral tasks in experimental psychology. Importantly, participants can control the outcome in most behavioral tasks, but not in gambling tasks. To test whether perceived controllability over the outcome influences response speed after negative outcomes when gambling, we ran two online studies in which we created an illusion of control without changing the nature of the chance-determined gamble. Using the manipulation by Langer and Roth (1975), whose effect is replicated in Part I, we presented three groups of healthy participants (N = 600 per experiment, crowdsourced samples) with three different sequences of outcomes in a coin-tossing task. We replicated that participants presented with more wins at the beginning of a sequence estimated their ability to predict the outcome of a coin-toss higher than participants presented with more losses at the beginning, or those presented with a random sequence. Additionally, participants generally responded more quickly after a loss than after a win. However, the illusion of control did not influence post-loss speeding. This result is not consistent with several theoretical accounts for changes in response speed after sub-optimal outcomes.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 269-288
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2135227
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2135227
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:269-288
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# input file: RIGS_A_2108483_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sasha Mathieu
Author-X-Name-First: Sasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathieu
Author-Name: Isabelle Varescon
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Varescon
Title: What are experienced poker gamblers saying about gambling? An exploratory qualitative study
Abstract:
Poker is a game of chance and strategy in which the situations that arise and the outcome can cause gamblers to experience intense emotions, both pleasant and unpleasant, which can alter decision-making and lead to loss of control. This qualitative study aimed to identify elements that could contribute to better emotional regulation and gambling practices among experienced poker gamblers. A thematic analysis was carried out on 21 interviews conducted with male poker gamblers. It revealed four main themes: a confrontation with intense feelings (tilt, chasing, adrenaline), learning about and around the game (rules, jargon, knowledge of probability and statistics), a change in perception of poker (game as a sport, competition and improvement motives), and emotional detachment from the game over time. Acquiring knowledge about the game, attributing a word to each of the unfolding events, approaching poker in a scientific and serious manner, and introspection to improve poker practice seem to help poker gamblers regain control after being in the grip of intense emotions. This study provides access to the path taken by poker gamblers to respond to their desire to continue the gambling activity and to no longer be plagued by intense feelings.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 185-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2108483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2108483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:185-202
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# input file: RIGS_A_2135753_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kasra Ghaharian
Author-X-Name-First: Kasra
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaharian
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Dylan Phung
Author-X-Name-First: Dylan
Author-X-Name-Last: Phung
Author-Name: Piyush Puranik
Author-X-Name-First: Piyush
Author-X-Name-Last: Puranik
Author-Name: Shane Kraus
Author-X-Name-First: Shane
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraus
Author-Name: Alan Feldman
Author-X-Name-First: Alan
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldman
Author-Name: Bo Bernhard
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard
Title: Applications of data science for responsible gambling: a scoping review
Abstract:
Technological innovations in the gambling industry have revolutionized the availability, storage, and use-cases of data. How this data may be leveraged for responsible gambling has emerged as a popular field of inquiry. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to understand the current state of data science applications for responsible gambling by exploring the aims, study designs, and methods used by researchers. Thirty-seven studies were included in the final review that spanned three categories: (1) cluster analysis (n = 14), (2) supervised machine learning with behavioral tracking data (n = 17), and (3) other data science applications (n = 6). Over half of the studies were published between 2018 and 2021. Existing research focuses on the development of responsible gambling tools centered around customer profiling and risk-detection. Our analysis of the records revealed limitations in terms of generalizability and reproducibility, as well as a considerable lack of peer-reviewed work. The current evidence suggests that the utility and adoption of data science in practice remains largely unexplored. Future work may focus on additional data science techniques with novel datasets and in situ research.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 289-312
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2135753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2135753
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:289-312
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# input file: RIGS_A_2114527_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Scott Peter Benjamin Houghton
Author-X-Name-First: Scott Peter Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Houghton
Author-Name: Mark Moss
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Moss
Title: Assessing the bets advertised on Twitter by gambling operators and gambling affiliates – an observational study incorporating simulation data to measure bet success
Abstract:
This study assessed bets advertised on Twitter by betting operators and affiliates, as well as their success. Bets advertised by 10 Twitter accounts were tracked over two weeks. Information recorded included: bet odds, bet type, number of times advertised, and bet success. The success of bets was calculated based upon placing equal stakes on each bet and running four sets of 10,000 simulations, each of an increasing number of randomly chosen bets with fixed bet stake per bet from those recorded. Both operators and affiliates advertised around 140 bets per day at average decimal odds of 6.0, however affiliates posted each bet three-times more than operators. Only one-in-five bets advertised won. Affiliate bets led to a 12% loss of original stakes, whilst operator bets led to a 20% loss. Only 30% of 10,000 simulations of 14 randomly chosen bets led to profit, decreasing to 19% when the number of bets included in the simulation increased to 140. Findings raise concerns about the volume of bets advertised on social media with large expected losses. Simulation data demonstrates how the chance of making a profit decreases the more advertised bets are bet upon. Future research should explore bettors’ responses to such marketing.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 225-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2114527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2114527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:225-238
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# input file: RIGS_A_2142267_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Joakim Wahlström
Author-X-Name-First: Joakim
Author-X-Name-Last: Wahlström
Author-Name: Sara Brolin Låftman
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Brolin Låftman
Author-Name: Gabriella Olsson
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriella
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson
Title: School-related covariates of adolescent gambling: findings from the Stockholm school survey
Abstract:
The present study investigated the associations that student gambling and risk gambling share with a) students’ own experiences of their situation in school, b) school performance, and c) truancy. Data from the 2020 Stockholm School Survey were used, with information collected among 10,901 students in grades 9 (15–16 years) and 11 (17–18 years) from 145 schools in Stockholm Municipality. The studied school-related factors were school satisfaction, perceived teacher caring, perceived school order, school performance, and truancy. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed, with robust errors clustering at the school level. Students’ perceived teacher caring and perceived school order were inversely associated with both gambling and risk gambling, while truancy was positively associated with both gambling and risk gambling, even when mutually adjusting for all school-related factors simultaneously. School satisfaction was inversely associated with gambling, and school performance was inversely associated with risk gambling, when mutually adjusting for all school-related factors simultaneously. In sum, more positive experiences of the situation in school, higher school performance, and not playing truant were linked with a lower likelihood of gambling and risk gambling among students. The findings suggest that students’ situation in school can help to identify those at risk for gambling problems.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 313-327
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2142267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2142267
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:313-327
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# input file: RIGS_A_2133906_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Charlotte Eben
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Eben
Author-Name: Zhang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Joël Billieux
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Billieux
Author-Name: Frederick Verbruggen
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbruggen
Title: Outcome sequences and illusion of control - Part I: An online replication of Langer & Roth (1975)
Abstract:
The illusion of control is an important feature of both problematic and nonproblematic gambling behavior. Crucially, this construct is incorporated in most cognitive models of problem gambling, and is also central in numerous approaches to gambling disorder treatment (e.g. psychological interventions using cognitive restructuring to mitigate the illusion of control). In this preregistered study, we tried to replicate the illusion-of-control effect, as defined and investigated in the seminal work by Langer and Roth, in an online context. Using the same trial procedure and a similar cover story as the original study, we presented three groups of healthy participants (N = 289; crowdsourced sample) with three different sequences of wins and losses in a coin-tossing task. Consistent with the original study, we found that participants presented with more wins at the beginning of a sequence estimated their ability to predict the outcome of a coin-toss higher than participants presented with more losses at the beginning, or those presented with a random sequence, although the effect sizes were small to medium (biggest Hedge’s g_av = 0.49) compared to the original study which yielded larger effect sizes (biggest ηp2 = 0.14). Thus, we replicated the findings in an online context, although the effect size was smaller than expected.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 257-268
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2133906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2133906
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:2:p:257-268
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# input file: RIGS_A_2171469_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: The evolution of young gambling studies: digital convergence of gaming, gambling and cryptocurrency technologies
Abstract:
This paper provides an overview of how the focus of youth gambling research has evolved since the foundational work of the 1990s. Over the last two decades, research in youth gambling has advanced from having a principal focus on under-aged access to adult commercial activities to understanding the impact of gambling-like content in social media and gaming. The process of digital convergence and ‘gamblification’ has blurred the boundaries between activities, and the rise of gambling and gaming ecosystems. Research suggests that early exposure to gambling-like content (e.g. loot boxes or social casino games) may lead to a transition to commercial gambling. Here we provide an overview of current evidence, important technological developments and conceptual analyses; and, current directions in digital technology and their potential impact. The potential now exists for the merging of multiple classes of activity: gaming, gambling and speculative trading as a result of blockchain technology. The paper underscores the importance of the need for future studies to capture the breadth of gambling and gambling-like activities available to young people. It also indicates that pathways into gambling may arise within other population groups (e.g. gamers, digital asset investors) rather than from direct exposure to commercial gambling products.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 491-504
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2171469
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2171469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:491-504
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# input file: RIGS_A_2149833_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sean Mackey-Simpkin
Author-X-Name-First: Sean
Author-X-Name-Last: Mackey-Simpkin
Author-Name: Robert J. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Carrie A. Shaw
Author-X-Name-First: Carrie A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw
Author-Name: Gillian E.H. Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Gillian E.H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Title: Prevalence and predictors of illegal gambling in Canada
Abstract:
Most forms of gambling have been legalized in Canada over the past 50 years. One of the main government justifications for legalization is to eliminate illegal gambling. The purpose of the present study is to shed some light on this issue by establishing the current prevalence of illegal gambling in Canada. A survey of 10,199 Canadian adults was conducted in 2018 as part of a comprehensive national study of gambling. Past year prevalence of illegal gambling was found to be very low: 0.05% for using illegal betting shops or bookies; 0.07% for patronizing illegal casinos or card rooms; 0.09% for illegal animal contests; and 1.59% for illegal online gambling. The most robust individual predictors of participating in any type of illegal gambling were engagement in a larger number of gambling formats and having a higher overall frequency of gambling. Additional individual predictors for specific types were the presence of gambling problems, provincial illegality of that form, male gender, younger age, and race/ethnicity. In conclusion, the low level of illegal gambling provides support for the contention that legal forms may have displaced illegal forms. However, illegal gambling does continue to exist to a limited extent, especially among heavily involved gamblers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 387-402
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2149833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2149833
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:387-402
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# input file: RIGS_A_2143856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Joakim Hellumbråten Kristensen
Author-X-Name-First: Joakim
Author-X-Name-Last: Hellumbråten Kristensen
Author-Name: Sandra Trifunovic
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Trifunovic
Author-Name: Julie Strand
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Strand
Author-Name: Karen Kraft Vistnes
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraft Vistnes
Author-Name: André Syvertsen
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Syvertsen
Author-Name: Amin Zandi
Author-X-Name-First: Amin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zandi
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Title: A systematic literature review of studies on attitudes towards gambling using the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS)
Abstract:
Several studies have investigated attitudes toward gambling using the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS), however, their findings have not previously been synthesized or systematically reported. Thus, we conducted a systematic literature review on studies employing the ATGS to summarize the current evidence. Database searches were conducted in January 2022 in Cinahl, Embase, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Web of Science, GreyNet, and Google Scholar. Papers were included if they presented data based on the ATGS and were published in a European language. Twenty-six papers presenting the results from 23 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Most of the studies were cross-sectional and used the short (8-item) version of ATGS. The synthesis indicates an overall incline towards negative attitudes. More positive attitudes were associated with being male, younger age, and higher gambling frequency. Studies were divergent in findings concerning problem gambling and gambling attitudes, which could be due to variance in problem gambling severity in the samples. The current evidence base is encumbered by limitations in study quality and designs. Future research should emphasize longitudinal designs, include non-western samples, and investigate the directionality and causality of variables associated with attitudes towards gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 353-386
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2143856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2143856
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:353-386
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# input file: RIGS_A_2164042_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sylvia Kairouz
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kairouz
Author-Name: Jean-Michel Costes
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Costes
Author-Name: W. Spencer Murch
Author-X-Name-First: W. Spencer
Author-X-Name-Last: Murch
Author-Name: Pascal Doray-Demers
Author-X-Name-First: Pascal
Author-X-Name-Last: Doray-Demers
Author-Name: Clément Carrier
Author-X-Name-First: Clément
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrier
Author-Name: Vincent Eroukmanoff
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Eroukmanoff
Title: Enabling New Strategies to Prevent Problematic Online Gambling: A Machine Learning Approach for Identifying At-risk Online Gamblers in France
Abstract:
Gambling activities are rapidly migrating online. Algorithms that effectively detect at-risk users could improve the prevention of online gambling-related harms. We sought to identify machine learning algorithms capable of detecting self-reported gambling problems using demographic and behavioral data. Online gamblers were recruited from all licensed online gambling platforms in France by the French Online Gambling Regulatory Authority (ARJEL). Participants completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and these data were merged and synchronized with past-year online gambling behaviors recorded on the operators’ websites. Among all participants (N = 9,306), some users reported betting exclusively on sports (N = 1,183), horseracing (N = 1,711), or poker (N = 2,442) activities. In terms of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC), our algorithms showed excellent performance in classifying individuals at a moderate-to-high (PGSI 5+; AUC = 83.20%), or high (PGSI 8+; AUC = 87.70%) risk for experiencing gambling-related harms. Further, these models identified novel behavioral markers of harmful online gambling for future research. We conclude that machine learning can be used to detect online gamblers at-risk for experiencing gambling problems. Using algorithms like these, operators and regulators can develop targeted harm prevention and referral-to-treatment initiatives for at-risk users.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 471-490
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2164042
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2164042
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:471-490
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# input file: RIGS_A_2164041_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Fahimeh Saeed
Author-X-Name-First: Fahimeh
Author-X-Name-Last: Saeed
Author-Name: Miyuru Chandradasa
Author-X-Name-First: Miyuru
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandradasa
Author-Name: Soode Tajik Esmaeeli
Author-X-Name-First: Soode
Author-X-Name-Last: Tajik Esmaeeli
Author-Name: Sheikh Shoib
Author-X-Name-First: Sheikh
Author-X-Name-Last: Shoib
Title: The alarming development of online gambling in Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 348-352
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2164041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2164041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:348-352
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# input file: RIGS_A_2176529_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Libena Tetrevova
Author-X-Name-First: Libena
Author-X-Name-Last: Tetrevova
Title: Corporate social responsibility in the gambling industry: A systematic review and conceptual framework
Abstract:
Alternative perception of the relationship between the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the core activities of gambling operators raises the need for deeper knowledge and understanding of their relationship. Yet, to date, no study has been created which maps the current state of knowledge, specifies existing avenues of research, reveals research gaps and postulates directions for future research. In an effort to address this need, a systematic literature review of 53 research articles published between 2001 and 2021 was conducted. Four core research topics were identified: effects of CSR, CSR reporting, CSR implementation and responsible gambling. On the basis of the established research framework and identified research gaps, it would seem desirable to develop knowledge in several areas in the future. Attention should be focused on analysis of motives for implementation of CSR and socio-economic assessment of the impact of CSR efforts on the part of gambling operators. Research should also be directed toward study of the attitudes and requirements of stakeholders as regards CSR reporting and communication. Knowledge must also be advanced in the field of assessment of the effectiveness of alternative forms of responsible gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 518-538
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2176529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2176529
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:518-538
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# input file: RIGS_A_2152468_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ana Estévez
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Estévez
Author-Name: Paula Jauregui
Author-X-Name-First: Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Jauregui
Author-Name: Janire Momeñe
Author-X-Name-First: Janire
Author-X-Name-Last: Momeñe
Author-Name: Nerea Etxaburu
Author-X-Name-First: Nerea
Author-X-Name-Last: Etxaburu
Author-Name: Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Hibai
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Gonzalez
Title: Hopelessness in gambling disorder: relationship with affect, alexithymia and gambling motives in young adults
Abstract:
Gambling disorder has an increasing impact among young adults, which is a relevant life period in which emotional states and their management are of great importance. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between positive and negative affect, alexithymia, gambling motives, and hopelessness, and the predictive role of affect, alexithymia, and gambling motives on hopelessness. The sample comprised 83 participants, 92.8% men and 7.2% women who were in treatment for gambling disorder. Age ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 24.83; SD = 3.80). Results showed that hopelessness correlated positively with negative affect, alexithymia and coping-related gambling motives, and negatively with positive affect. Similarly, social motives correlated with alexithymia and negative affect. In turn, coping-related motives and alexithymia also correlated with negative affect. Finally, motives for enhancement were predictors of hopelessness. These results may provide guidance for further clinical and preventive interventions in young populations.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 418-432
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2152468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2152468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:418-432
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# input file: RIGS_A_2149834_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Olof Molander
Author-X-Name-First: Olof
Author-X-Name-Last: Molander
Author-Name: Peter Wennberg
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Wennberg
Title: Assessing severity of problem gambling – confirmatory factor and Rasch analysis of three gambling measures
Abstract:
The comparative psychometric properties of self-report measures for gambling are insufficiently evaluated, in particular regarding factor structure and item response properties. Confirmatory factor and Rasch analyses were tested for three widely used gambling measures assessing problem gambling and related constructs, that is, the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measure (PPGM), and the NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS). Psychometric data was analyzed, including help-seeking and recreational gambling samples (N = 598). Compared to the PPGM and the NODS, the PGSI performed worse in the confirmatory factor analysis, and showed poor fit for the theoretically assumed unidimensional model. The Rasch analysis indicated that the PPGM had an adequate difficulty range (i.e. lowest to highest item difficulty) to detect gambling problems across a severity continuum. Compared to the PPGM, the PGSI and NODS had smaller item difficulty ranges, indicating detection of higher gambling severity problems. We conclude that using the PGSI for detection of low severity problems, such as at-risk gambling, might be problematic. The PPGM can be used in general populations and clinical contexts to detect problem gambling and pathological gambling. The NODS is suitable for use in clinical samples for identification of pathological gambling.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 403-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2149834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2149834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:403-417
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# input file: RIGS_A_2175016_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marek Litzman
Author-X-Name-First: Marek
Author-X-Name-Last: Litzman
Author-Name: Soňa Kukučková
Author-X-Name-First: Soňa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kukučková
Author-Name: Ladislava Issever Grochová
Author-X-Name-First: Ladislava
Author-X-Name-Last: Issever Grochová
Author-Name: Petr Rozmahel
Author-X-Name-First: Petr
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozmahel
Title: Examining the spatial spillover of gambling regulation in the Czech Republic
Abstract:
The responsibility of spatial regulation of gambling in the Czech Republic is placed on municipalities, the smallest self-governing units in the country. This creates a possibility that the effectiveness of regulation may be reduced by spatial spillover to the neighboring municipality. The aim of this paper is to evaluate to what extent the local reduction of gambling is effective in the overall reduction of gambling in the area under the conditions of fragmented regulation and mobility of gamblers. OLS regression was used to identify the spatial spillover effect. The decline in tax revenue on gambling machines in a district capital by one percentage point is associated with the rise of the same revenue in surrounding municipalities that are reachable in 10 min by 0.45 of a percentage point. Spatial spillover in more distant municipalities is close to zero. The results remain stable when control variables are employed. The results suggest that fragmented regulation is easy to overcome and better cooperation among municipalities or regulation on higher administrative level may be more effective.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 505-517
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2175016
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2175016
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# input file: RIGS_A_2146733_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Larry Awo
Author-X-Name-First: Larry
Author-X-Name-Last: Awo
Title: The barriers to gambling research and publication in Nigeria
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 346-347
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2146733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2146733
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:346-347
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# input file: RIGS_A_2248776_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gainsbury sally
Author-X-Name-First: Gainsbury
Author-X-Name-Last: sally
Title: International Gambling Studies welcomes Co-Editors-in-Chief, Dr Sally Gainsbury and Dr Luke Clark
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 345-345
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2248776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2248776
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:345-345
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# input file: RIGS_A_2160000_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Bradley S. Wimmer
Author-X-Name-First: Bradley S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wimmer
Author-Name: Kahlil S. Philander
Author-X-Name-First: Kahlil S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philander
Title: Consumer preferences for network liquidity and opponent quality in online poker
Abstract:
Several online gambling platforms use marketplace business models where the operator facilitates wagers between players instead of directly banking games. There is a large theoretical literature on marketplace business models, but there is little empirical evidence that suggests how it may apply to gambler preferences or behavior. This study contributes to the understanding of consumers in gambling markets by testing multi-sided market theory in online poker. Using data collected from a diverse sample of online poker players (n = 719), this study empirically demonstrates how players value game availability and product quality. Our results show evidence of diminishing marginal returns to scale and benefits from product differentiation across a range of conditions found in the market. Consumers prefer that operators grow their networks when size is sufficiently small but would prefer more focus on the types of players added to games as the network grows. From a policy perspective, these findings provide support for using multi-sided market theory as a framework for taxation and licensure in gambling products.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 452-470
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2160000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2160000
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:23:y:2023:i:3:p:452-470
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# input file: RIGS_A_2154378_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jérémie Richard
Author-X-Name-First: Jérémie
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard
Author-Name: Caroline Temcheff
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Temcheff
Author-Name: Émilie Fletcher
Author-X-Name-First: Émilie
Author-X-Name-Last: Fletcher
Author-Name: Annie Lemieux
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemieux
Author-Name: Jeffrey Derevensky
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Derevensky
Author-Name: Michèle Déry
Author-X-Name-First: Michèle
Author-X-Name-Last: Déry
Title: Externalizing and internalizing trajectories to adolescent gambling: a longitudinal study
Abstract:
Externalizing (e.g. conduct problems and antisocial behaviors) and internalizing (e.g. depression and anxiety) problems have been associated with gambling-related harms. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research investigating how these problems and their patterns of change over time (i.e. trajectories) predict gambling engagement among youth. This study aimed to examine the trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems and their predictive values for later gambling. Data came from a cohort of 744 children (53.2% male, Mage 8.3 years at baseline) from Québec, Canada, with 58.3% reporting significant externalizing behaviors at baseline. Participants were followed for 7 years. Externalizing and internalizing problems were measured annually, and past year gambling was assessed at the final measurement. Mean trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems were identified through parallel process growth modeling, and logistic regression was utilized to examine whether these trajectories were predictive of gambling engagement. Thirty-one of the 659 participants remaining at the final measurement reported participation in gambling. Greater baseline externalizing problems, lower baseline internalizing problems, and a less significant decrease in externalizing problems over time predicted gambling engagement. These results provide evidence of the externalizing pathway toward youth gambling and the importance of early intervention involving youth and other relevant stakeholders.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 433-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2154378
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2022.2154378
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# input file: RIGS_A_2183974_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Michael J. A. Wohl
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohl
Author-Name: Christopher G. Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Author-Name: Nassim Tabri
Author-X-Name-First: Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabri
Title: Setting a hard (versus soft) monetary limit decreases expenditure: an assessment using player account data
Abstract:
Considerable debate has focused on whether pre-commitment to a money and/or time limit and adherence to that limit should be mandatory or voluntary. A unique feature of Ontario Lottery and Gaming’s player management system (My PlaySmart) provides a middle ground by allowing players to select whether they are permitted to continue playing once their limit is reached (the soft lock option) or whether continued play is not permitted (the hard lock option). We assessed the relative responsible gambling utility of these two options using player account data by comparing play data before and after enrollment. Players who chose the hard lock option decreased their average coin-in, loss per visit, and minutes played per visit. In contrast, soft lock enrollees significantly reduced their coin in (but not to the same extent as those who chose the hard lock option) and increased their visits from pre-enrollment to post-enrollment. The play data for hard and soft lock enrollees was also benchmarked against play of non-enrollees. Results suggest that the soft lock option is relatively ineffective at limiting play, thus adding important knowledge to the ongoing debate about pre-commitment schemes that aim to advance responsible gambling to minimize gambling-related harms.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 19-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2183974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2183974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:24:y:2024:i:1:p:19-35
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# input file: RIGS_A_2199052_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: James D. Broussard
Author-X-Name-First: James D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Broussard
Author-Name: Stephanie E. Wemm
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wemm
Author-Name: Shanteria M. Brock
Author-X-Name-First: Shanteria M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock
Author-Name: Edelgard Wulfert
Author-X-Name-First: Edelgard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wulfert
Title: The effects of impulsivity and near misses on persistence in play on a slot machine
Abstract:
Both personality factors (e.g. impulsivity) and structural game characteristics impact decision-making on games of chance. We examined the relationship between impulsivity and decision-making on a slot machine task programmed with different near-miss frequencies. Fifty-eight college students entered a simulated casino environment and played a slot machine pre-loaded with 30 credits. Unbeknownst to participants, the slot machine was programmed so that several larger wins occurred early in the sequence, followed by a pattern of diminishing returns that reduced credits to zero on a predetermined trial. Participants were randomly assigned to two conditions, the first with up to 19% of trials set as near misses and the second with only 2% as near misses. After controlling for gender, race, and lifetime gambling frequency, the near-miss condition was found to moderate the relationship between impulsivity and the number of trials played. When there were fewer near misses, impulsivity did not appear to impact decision-making. However, when near misses were frequent, individuals with higher impulsivity persisted longer, even when other characteristics of gameplay remained constant (e.g. bet size, prizes). These findings suggest that certain features of slot machines may capitalize on impulsive gamblers’ vulnerabilities and should be regulated.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 113-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2199052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2199052
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# input file: RIGS_A_2190376_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Mu He
Author-X-Name-First: Mu
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Hong Mian Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Hong Mian
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Juliet Honglei Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Juliet Honglei
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Kwok Kit Tong
Author-X-Name-First: Kwok Kit
Author-X-Name-Last: Tong
Author-Name: Le Dang
Author-X-Name-First: Le
Author-X-Name-Last: Dang
Author-Name: Anise M. S. Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Anise M. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Applying the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS) among Chinese gamblers and testing its association with responsible gambling
Abstract:
Accurate and rational gambling beliefs have been found to play a protective role against gambling disorder (GD) and add unique insights into the prevention and intervention of gambling-related harms. Adopting the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS) as a measurement tool of these gambling beliefs, this study tested its psychometric properties and whether these gambling beliefs were associated with responsible gambling (RG) behaviors with a probability community sample of adult gamblers (N = 464) in Macao, China. Consistent with the past studies, PGBS was found unidimensional with high reliability. The construct validity of PGBS was verified by its negative associations with gambling-related interpretive biases and GD symptoms. Moreover, we found a significant and positive association between protective gambling beliefs and RG behaviors after controlling for the effects of gambling-related interpretive biases and demographic variables. Conventional approaches to gambling harm reduction focus more on maladaptive cognition. Our findings may offer empirical evidence that protective gambling beliefs also help reduce gambling-related harms and enable gamblers to keep their gambling at a relatively safe level. PGBS is not only a valid and reliable instrument to measure gamblers’ protective gambling beliefs but also a potential means to promote RG practices.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 53-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2190376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2190376
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# input file: RIGS_A_2199051_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: André Syvertsen
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Syvertsen
Author-Name: Tony Leino
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Leino
Author-Name: Ståle Pallesen
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Pallesen
Author-Name: Otto R.F. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Otto R.F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Rune A. Mentzoni
Author-X-Name-First: Rune A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mentzoni
Author-Name: Mark D. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Eilin K. Erevik
Author-X-Name-First: Eilin K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Erevik
Title: Age and gender differences in gambling intensity in a Norwegian population of electronic gaming machine players
Abstract:
Participation in various types of gambling is associated with age and gender. Younger men tend to be drawn toward online gambling whereas women and older individuals tend to engage more in land-based gambling such as electronic gaming machines (EGMs). The present study examined how annual trends in theoretical loss, a robust measure of risk propensity/gambling intensity, varied according to age groups and gender among an EGM-population in Norway (N = 195,318, 26.5% women, age range 18 to 103 years [M = 40.13, SD = 16.29]). Quantile regression on the 25th percentile, median, and 90th percentile theoretical loss showed that higher theoretical loss at these quantiles were associated with older age. At the 90th percentile: Individuals aged 60–69 years had highest theoretical loss at 15,343 NOK (1,784 USD). Compared to men, women had higher 90th percentile theoretical loss (1,658 NOK≈193 USD). Interaction analyses showed that the positive association between age and theoretical loss was stronger for men compared to women. Gambling expenditure is positively associated with disordered gambling and the findings suggests that older individuals and women represent more vulnerable groups among the EGM population.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 92-112
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2199051
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2199051
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# input file: RIGS_A_2199050_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Gianluca Di Censo
Author-X-Name-First: Gianluca
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Censo
Author-Name: Paul Delfabbro
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Delfabbro
Author-Name: Daniel L. King
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: The impact of gambling advertising and marketing on young people: A critical review and analysis of methodologies
Abstract:
Studies have raised concerns regarding how gambling advertising influences young people, particularly in relation to normalizing and glamourising the activity. This paper scrutinizes the accuracy of claims made in the existing literature on how gambling advertising influences young people by critically analyzing studies’ methodologies. A total of 19 studies were suitable for the review. Five primary criteria were used to evaluate studies: 1) representativeness of young people; 2) gambling outcome measures (dependent variables); 3) advertising exposure measures (independent variables); 4) consideration of third variables; and 5) use of comparisons. It was generally found that awareness of and attitudes toward gambling, as well as self-reported gambling behavior, were influenced by gambling advertising. However, intentions to gamble were not markedly influenced by gambling advertising. These findings are discussed in light of the methodological limitations of each of these outcomes. Measures of exposure to advertising were found to be speculative and did not consider that gambling advertising is often targeted at consumers and that interest in gambling likely influences the reporting of exposure to gambling advertising. The paper concludes with methodological considerations for future research, such as the use of real exposure to advertising and the evaluation of responsible gambling messages.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 71-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2199050
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2199050
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# input file: RIGS_A_2206462_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Victor K. Y. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Victor K. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: Zhonglu Zeng
Author-X-Name-First: Zhonglu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng
Author-Name: Xing Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Modeling the non-linear relationship between gambling engagement and years of gambling experience: integrating the exposure and adaptation hypotheses
Abstract:
This article integrates the exposure and adaptation hypotheses concerning gambling engagement by quantitatively modeling, at the community level, the non-linear relationship between gamblers’ engagement and their years of gambling experience and identifies the years of experience corresponding to the maximum/minimum engagement. Gambling engagement indicators were based on the odds of three metrics concerning casino visits, gambling budgets, and gambling affordability being beyond predefined thresholds. Empirical data were collected offline and online (n = 206 and 481) in Macao. Curve fitting of these indicators against gamblers’ years of experience found that the odds of casino visit frequency being less than daily and the gambling budget being greater than both the first and second quartiles followed up-maximum-down quadratic curves over gamblers’ experience. Their maxima were at around 13.3, 22.0, and 22.4 years, respectively. In conclusion, these indicators are non-linearly and bi-directionally related to gamblers’ years of experience as per the aforesaid curves, i.e. the two hypotheses take turns to prevail over gamblers’ lives and are thus integrated temporally. Unprecedentedly, such curves quantitatively model and quantify the timing, magnitude, maximization, and minimization of these indicators’ variations over gamblers’ lives, which matter to governments, the public, therapeutic/rehabilitative professionals, and gambling operators.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 127-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2206462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2206462
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# input file: RIGS_A_2218460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Kasra Ghaharian
Author-X-Name-First: Kasra
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaharian
Author-Name: Brett Abarbanel
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Abarbanel
Author-Name: Shane W. Kraus
Author-X-Name-First: Shane W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraus
Author-Name: Ashok Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Ashok
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Bo Bernhard
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard
Title: Evaluating the generalizability of payment behavioral profiles across gambling brands
Abstract:
A gambler’s payment behavior – the deposit and withdrawal of funds – precedes and follows the act of gambling. Given this separation, the methods and results of machine learning models built at the payment-level could be better generalized across gambling formats. With this study, we empirically evaluated this notion by validating a cluster analysis across two independent datasets of digital wallet payment transaction records. Using a discovery dataset comprising 2,286 customers of a casino-focused Internet gambling brand, the k-means algorithm revealed five distinct payment profiles. Using a validation dataset comprising 5,580 customers of a sports-focused Internet gambling brand, we evaluated the generalizability of the discovery payment profiles. Specifically, we assessed validity by (1) clustering the validation dataset using the discovery method, (2) classifying the validation dataset into the discovery clusters, and (3) assessing the stability of cluster membership. Two large low risk clusters were validated across datasets. Three smaller potential risk clusters were only partially validated. Our findings suggest that gamblers’ payment behaviors are somewhat representative of their gambling behavior and may reflect dynamics of certain gambling formats. Stakeholders employing data science methods across gambling populations should be mindful of specific contexts and tailor analyses accordingly.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 152-169
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2218460
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2218460
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# input file: RIGS_A_2190372_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Michael Egerer
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Egerer
Author-Name: Virve Marionneau
Author-X-Name-First: Virve
Author-X-Name-Last: Marionneau
Title: Blocking measures against offshore online gambling: a scoping review
Abstract:
Online gambling is a profitable industry both in the regulated market and in the unregulated offshore market. Difficulties in regulating the offshore online markets are exacerbated by concerns over lacking consumer protection measures in offshore environments and reduced financial and tax revenue from gambling. Blocking is a measure employed by numerous regulators to prevent access or financial transactions to unregulated gambling sites. Yet, little is known about how well such strategies work. The current scoping review focuses on evidence on the effectiveness of blocking measures. Based on the review, 14 publications were identified. The analysis focused on four themes: implementation, effectiveness, risks, and alternatives. Results show that there is a paucity of empirical research on the effectiveness of blocking measures. The scarce evidence suggests that the effectiveness of blocking measures depends on implementation. Blocking without proper implementation may be an insufficient and disproportionate tool. The effectiveness of blocking is particularly limited by a constant need for updates in terms of technology and blocklists. We argue that research on and the effectiveness of blocking measures is obstructed by an asymmetry in expertise in three dimensions: Between regulators and industry; between ordinary and heavy gamblers; and between gambling and IT researchers.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 36-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2190372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2190372
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# input file: RIGS_A_2182337_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Gerhard Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Author-Name: Jens Kalke
Author-X-Name-First: Jens
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalke
Author-Name: Sven Buth
Author-X-Name-First: Sven
Author-X-Name-Last: Buth
Title: Problem gambling in Germany: results of a mixed-mode population survey in 2021
Abstract:
Since 2006, representative telephone surveys among the German general population have not detected any significant changes with respect to gambling-related problems. This is remarkable, as in the meantime not only the availability of gambling services and the turnover and gross gambling revenues of gambling providers have increased, but also the demand for treatment from people with gambling problems has grown. Not only in the gambling field have population surveys of this type recently been associated with certain methodological problems. These include a decreasing willingness to participate among and limited access to specific subgroups. The prevalence study at hand is based on a mixed-mode design which combines both a telephone and an online survey. The weighting of both samples in a ratio of 2 to 1 was checked against plausibility data. The sample consists of 12,303 complete interviews (telephone: 61%, online: 39%). The results show that 2.3% of the German population aged 18–70 years are identified as having a ‘gambling disorder’ according to DSM-5 (mild disorder: 1.1%, moderate disorder: 0.7%, and severe disorder: 0.5%). The prevalence detected in this study is significantly higher than that of previous surveys. Finally, we discuss the results primarily within the context of the new survey methodology.
Journal: International Gambling Studies
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2023.2182337
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14459795.2023.2182337
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Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:24:y:2024:i:1:p:1-18