Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Woolcock 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolcock 
Title: Toward a plurality of methods in project evaluation: a contextualised approach to understanding impact trajectories and efficacy 
Abstract:
  Understanding the efficacy of development projects requires not only a
 plausible counterfactual but also an appropriate match between the shape
 of impact trajectory over time and the deployment of a corresponding array
 of research tools capable of empirically discerning such a trajectory. At
 present, however, the development community knows very little, other than
 by implicit assumption, about the expected shape of the impact trajectory
 from any given sector or project type, and as such is prone to routinely
 making attribution errors. Randomisation per se does not solve this
 problem. The sources and manifestations of these problems are considered,
 along with some constructive suggestions for responding to them. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: development planning and policy, economic change, impact assessment methods and approaches, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902727719 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340902727719
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dominique van de Walle 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique 
Author-X-Name-Last: van de Walle 
Title: Impact evaluation of rural road projects 
Abstract:
  Very few of the (many) aid-financed rural road projects in developing
 countries have been the subject of rigorous impact evaluations. Assessing
 the welfare impacts of rural roads poses a number of problems, with
 implications for data collection and evaluation methods. This paper
 surveys the problems and discusses some practical implementation issues
 related specifically to conducting an impact evaluation of a rural roads
 project that is assigned to some geographic areas but not to others. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 15-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: rural roads, poverty, evaluation, development planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902727701 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340902727701
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Bamberger 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bamberger 
Title: Strengthening the evaluation of programme effectiveness through reconstructing baseline data 
Abstract:
  Project monitoring, impact evaluation, results-based management and
 effects assessment are all based on the comparison of observed changes in
 the project population with the situation prior to the launch of the
 project. However, a significant proportion of each of these types of
 estimation has to be made without access to baseline data on the project
 or control groups. This paper examines some of the reasons for this
 widespread lack of baseline data and describes and illustrates a range of
 techniques that can be used for the 'reconstruction' of baseline data. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 37-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, aid effectiveness, monitoring, result-based management, effects assessment, baseline, milestones, performance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902727610 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340902727610
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emanuela Galasso 
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galasso 
Author-Name: Nithin Umapathi 
Author-X-Name-First: Nithin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Umapathi 
Title: Improving nutritional status through behavioural change: lessons from Madagascar 
Abstract:
  The authors provide evidence for intermediate and long-term effects of a
 large scale intervention that focuses on quality of nutritional and
 child-care inputs during the early stages of life. Their empirical
 strategy uses a combination of difference-in-difference and weighting
 estimators in a longitudinal survey spanning ten years to estimate the
 effect of the availability of the programme at the community level on
 nutritional outcomes. They also provide indirect evidence to support their
 main identification assumption using falsification tests. They find that
 the programme helped 0-5 year old children in the participating
 communities to bridge their gap in weight-for-age z-score and the
 incidence of underweight. The programme also had significant effects in
 protecting long-term nutritional outcomes (height-for-age z-scores and
 incidence of stunting). Importantly, the effect of the programme exhibits
 substantial heterogeneity: gains in nutritional outcomes are larger for
 more educated mothers and for villages with better infrastructure. The
 results are suggestive of important complementarities between child-care,
 maternal education and community infrastructure. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 60-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: community-based programme, nutrition, behavioural change, Madagascar, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902727669 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340902727669
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Carter 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carter 
Title: Evaluate experiences: a qualitative technique to complement quantitative impact assessments 
Abstract:
  Impact evaluations, whether of aid, development interventions or policy
 interventions, help hold donors and policy makers accountable for promises
 made and provide a means to legitimise recommendations for future
 interventions. Quantitative approaches are the order of the day but do not
 fully capture the complex and nuanced characteristics of communities
 important to understand the full effects of interventions and/or identify
 required interventions. This article describes a cost-effective approach
 to capturing large volumes of qualitative data in anecdotal form that can
 help inform interventions and approaches to research. Data collected by
 using the technique in a poor, urban, mixed race settlement in South
 Africa are reviewed and used to provide recommendations on research in
 poverty. For reasons consistent with the theoretical framework explained,
 recommendations are limited to three: consider carefully intergenerational
 dynamics when researching poor areas; be responsible about differences in
 value scales; and be conscious of how differently the researched see the
 world. A discussion using the method in mixed methods research is
 provided. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 86-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: cost-effective, qualitative evaluation, anecdote circles, impact assessment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902727628 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340902727628
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jef L. Leroy 
Author-X-Name-First: Jef L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leroy 
Author-Name: Marie Ruel 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruel 
Author-Name: Ellen Verhofstadt 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verhofstadt 
Title: The impact of conditional cash transfer programmes on child nutrition: a review of evidence using a programme theory framework 
Abstract:
	      The authors reviewed the evidence regarding the impact of
 conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes on child nutrition outcomes,
 using a programme theory framework. They developed a programme impact
 model and synthesised evidence regarding the pathways through which CCTs
 may improve child nutrition. CCT programmes significantly improve child
 anthropometry but have very little impact on micronutrient status. The
 programmes also have a positive impact on several of the outcomes in the
 pathways to improved nutrition. The authors found an enormous gap in
 knowledge about the mechanisms by which CCT programmes improve nutrition.
 In order to reach their full potential, the programmes need to have a
 better defined set of nutrition actions grounded in programme theory.	    
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 103-129 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902924043 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439340902924043 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Rand 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rand 
Author-Name: Finn Tarp 
Author-X-Name-First: Finn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarp 
Title: Impact of an aquaculture extension project in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
	      This paper is an impact study of key short- and long-run
 effects of the Danida supported Mymensingh Aquaculture Extension Project
 (MAEP) in Bangladesh, applying different matching and double difference
 estimators. Results are mixed. First, the paper finds a positive short-run
 impact on pond productivity and the value of fish production per capita
 among participants. However, in the long run no similar well-determined
 effect emerges. Second, MAEP appears to have had no significant impact on
 socioeconomic status as measured by consumption expenditure of
 participating households. The authors argue that these results are closely
 linked to non-favourable developments in the output price and the fact
 that agricultural production, including rearing of livestock and service
 sector employment (self or wage employment), are much larger sources of
 income than fish pond production.	    
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 130-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902918110 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439340902918110 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Britta Augsburg 
Author-X-Name-First: Britta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Augsburg 
Title: The impact of a dairy intervention in rural India: evidence from realised outcomes and expected returns to investment 
Abstract:
	      This study evaluates an intervention in the dairy subsector
 by an Indian livelihood promotion institution. Two contributions are being
 made. For one, the study is among the first to evaluate not only the
 credit-impact of an integrated microfinance approach but also the impact
 of additional financial and nonfinancial services on investment specific
 returns and general outcome indicators. Furthermore, an innovative
 contribution to the literature is made by estimating the subjective
 expected return to investment into a milk producing animal. Primary
 collected data allow analysing subjective expectations of the investment
 as perceived by the household that decided to join or not to join the
 intervention.		
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 147-170 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902903211 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439340902903211 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Espen Villanger 
Author-X-Name-First: Espen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villanger 
Author-Name: Alf Morten Jerve 
Author-X-Name-First: Alf Morten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jerve 
Title: Assessing aid impact: a review of Norwegian evaluation practice 
Abstract:
	      This article reviews recent Norwegian aid evaluations with a
 mandate to study impact, and assesses how the evaluators establish causal
 effects. The analytical challenges encountered in the seven studies
 reviewed are: (1) the Terms of Reference ask for evidence of impact where
 this is not possible to identify, (2) the distinction between impacts of
 the aid element versus other components is often blurred, and (3) the
 methodological approaches to identify impact are either poorly developed
 or applied superficially. A main conclusion is that most of the evaluators
 did not have the necessary time or budget to conduct a proper impact
 evaluation given the large number of questions raised in the commissioning
 agency.	  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 171-194 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902903229 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439340902903229 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pablo Ibarrar�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibarrar�n 
Author-Name: David Rosas Shady 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosas Shady 
Title: Evaluating the impact of job training programmes in Latin America: evidence from IDB funded operations 
Abstract:
	      Among active labour market programmes, job training is
 popular in Latin America as an attempt to help the labour market insertion
 of disadvantaged youth, and also as a way of providing skills to
 low-income groups to enable them to deal with the challenges of
 globalisation. This paper summarises the findings from the first rigorous
 set of evaluations of job training programmes in Latin America that were
 made in the context of a project undertaken by the Office of Evaluation
 and Oversight at the Inter-American Development Bank. This research was
 complemented by two independent impact evaluations of similar training
 programmes in Chile and Colombia. The paper reports the results of two
 evaluations with an experimental design (the Dominican Republic and
 Colombia), one with a natural experiment (Panama), and four
 non-experimental evaluations (Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Mexico).
 Overall, in contrast to the evidence for developed countries, the results
 suggest that employment effects range from modest to meaningful -
 increasing the employment rate by about 0 to 5 percentage points -
 although higher and significant for some groups, such as women in Colombia
 and Panama - with an impact of 6 to 12 percentage points in the employment
 rate. In most cases there are larger and significant impacts on job
 quality, measured by getting a formal job, having a contract, and/or
 receiving health insurance as a benefit.	   
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 195-216 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340902918094 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439340902918094 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia Rogers 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers 
Title: Matching impact evaluation design to the nature of the intervention and the purpose of the evaluation 
Abstract:
  Appropriate impact evaluation design requires situational responsiveness
 - matching the design to the needs, constraints, and opportunities of the
 particular case. The design needs to reflect the nature of the
 intervention and the purposes of the impact evaluation. In particular,
 impact evaluation needs to address simple, complicated, and complex
 aspects of the intervention. Simple aspects can be tightly specified and
 standardised; complicated aspects work as part of a causal package;
 complex aspects are appropriately dynamic and adaptive. Different designs
 are recommended for each case, including RCT, regression discontinuity,
 unstructured community interviews, Participatory Performance Story
 Reporting, and developmental evaluation. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 217-226 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: evaluation designs, impact evaluation, gold standard, situational responsiveness, developmental evaluation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903114636 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903114636
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Ravallion 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ravallion 
Title: Evaluating three stylised interventions 
Abstract:
  Along with the other panellists in a session of this conference, the
 author was asked to discuss evaluation designs for three stylised
 interventions: conditional cash transfers, a transport sector programme,
 and an anti-corruption commission. This paper records his responses, and
 elaborates a little on some points, including references to the
 literature. He begins with some general suggestions on the issues to think
 about at the outset of any evaluation. He then tries to illustrate these
 points with reference to the three stylised interventions. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 227-236 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, conditional cash transfers, transport projects, anti-corruption, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903114644 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903114644
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dean Karlan 
Author-X-Name-First: Dean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlan 
Title: Thoughts on randomised trials for evaluation of development: presentation to the Cairo evaluation clinic 
Abstract:
  The authors were asked to discuss specific methodological approaches to
 evaluating three hypothetical interventions. This article uses this forum
 to discuss three misperceptions about randomised trials. First, nobody
 argues that randomised trials are appropriate in all settings, and for all
 questions. Everyone agrees that asking the right question is the highest
 priority. Second, the decision about what to measure and how to measure
 it, that is, through qualitative or participatory methods versus
 quantitative survey or administrative data methods, is independent of the
 decision about whether to conduct a randomised trial. Third, randomised
 trials can be used to evaluate complex and dynamic processes, not just
 simple and static interventions. Evaluators should aim to answer the most
 important questions for future decisions, and to do so as reliably as
 possible. Reliability is improved with randomised trials, when feasible,
 and with attention to underlying theory and tests of why interventions
 work or fail so that lessons can be transferred as best as possible to
 other settings. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 237-242 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: experimental economics, programme evaluation, randomisation, randomised control, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903134519 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903134519
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Chambers 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chambers 
Title: So that the poor count more: using participatory methods for impact evaluation 
Abstract:
  The starting point for an evaluation is to ask why it is being conducted,
 who will benefit, and what impact the evaluation itself will have and how.
 Participatory approaches and methods fit in a paradigm that is pluralist,
 evolutionary, and iterative. They include stakeholder analysis, individual
 story-telling, participatory social mapping, causal-linkage and trend and
 change diagramming, scoring, and brainstorming on programme strengths and
 weaknesses. Well designed and facilitated, participatory methods are
 rigorous and besides offering qualitative insights can count the
 uncountable, and generate statistics for relevant dimensions that would
 otherwise be overlooked or regarded as purely qualitative. They open
 studies to the voices of those most affected by a project in a way not
 possible using more conventional methods and can make the realities and
 experiences of poor people count more. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 243-246 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: participatory methods, empowerment, qualitative, quantitative, impact evaluation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903137199 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903137199
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjeev Khagram 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjeev 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khagram 
Author-Name: Craig Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Craig 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Author-Name: Catrina Lucero 
Author-X-Name-First: Catrina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucero 
Author-Name: Subarna Mathes 
Author-X-Name-First: Subarna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathes 
Title: Evidence for development effectiveness 
Abstract:
  Understanding about what constitutes development effectiveness requires
 elaboration in order for evidence to add greater value. Development in the
 twenty-first century is often complicated, if not complex, and
 correspondingly is most likely to be achieved through diagnostic,
 contextual approaches to experimentation and innovation. Impact planning,
 assessment, reporting, and learning systems (IPARLS) can successfully
 contribute to development effectiveness because they integrate key lessons
 learned about both the more successful generation and utilisation of
 evidence, and are aligned with the nature of twenty-first century
 development. Impact evaluations should be embedded in IPARLS in order to
 be more legitimate and better used. The systematic application of
 comparison and triangulation is the platinum standard of rigour for impact
 evaluations. Impact evaluations can be further improved if they are
 theory-based, investigate descriptive and causal inference, analyse casual
 mechanisms, and focus on contextual elaboration. Case and comparative case
 study designs for impact evaluation remain essential and these approaches
 can be made more rigorous given recent methodological advances. Impact
 evaluations and IPARLS will and should be judged by their contribution to
 greater understanding of development effectiveness and ultimately improved
 development. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 247-270 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: development effectiveness, monitoring, evidence, evaluation, theory of change, comparison, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903141415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903141415
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Theory-based impact evaluation: principles and practice 
Abstract:
  Calls for rigorous impact evaluation have been accompanied by the quest
 not just to find out what works but why. It is widely accepted that a
 theory-based approach to impact evaluation, one that maps out the causal
 chain from inputs to outcomes and impact and tests the underlying
 assumptions, will shed light on the why question. But application of a
 theory-based approach remains weak. This paper identifies the following
 six principles to successful application of the approach: (1) map out the
 causal chain (programme theory); (2) understand context; (3) anticipate
 heterogeneity; (4) rigorous evaluation of impact using a credible
 counterfactual; (5) rigorous factual analysis; and (6) use mixed methods. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 271-284 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, theory-based research, mixed methods, Bangladesh, nutrition, programme theory, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903114628 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903114628
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jos Vaessen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaessen 
Author-Name: Frans Leeuw 
Author-X-Name-First: Frans 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leeuw 
Author-Name: Sara Bonilla 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonilla 
Author-Name: Ruslan Lukach 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruslan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukach 
Author-Name: Johan Bastiaensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bastiaensen 
Title: Protocol for synthetic review of the impact of microcredit 
Abstract:
  This paper is the protocol for a synthetic review of microfinance. The
 protocol describes the objectives and scope of the review, the search
 strategy, inclusion criteria, coding, and synthesis options. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 285-294 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: systematic review, protocol, microcredit, impact evaluation, synthetic review, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903118504 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903118504
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Title: Effectiveness and sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in combating diarrhoea 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a synthetic review of impact evaluations examining
 effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in reducing
 diarrhoea among children. The evaluations were conducted in 35 low- and
 middle-income countries during the past three decades. The paper
 challenges the existing consensus that water treatment at point-of-use and
 hygiene interventions are necessarily the most effective and sustainable
 interventions for promoting reduction of diarrhoea. The analysis suggests
 that sanitation 'hardware' interventions are highly effective in reducing
 diarrhoea morbidity. Moreover, while there is a wealth of trials
 documenting the effectiveness of water treatment interventions, studies
 conducted over longer periods tend to show smaller effectiveness and
 evidence suggests compliance rates and therefore impact may fall markedly
 over time. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 295-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: water supply, water quality, sanitation, hygiene, child health, diarrhoea, impact evaluation, synthetic review, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903141175 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903141175
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rathinasamy Maria Saleth 
Author-X-Name-First: Rathinasamy Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saleth 
Author-Name: Arlene Inocencio 
Author-X-Name-First: Arlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inocencio 
Author-Name: Andrew Noble 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Noble 
Author-Name: Sawaeng Ruaysoongnern 
Author-X-Name-First: Sawaeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruaysoongnern 
Title: Economic gains of improving soil fertility and water holding capacity with clay application: the impact of soil remediation research in Northeast Thailand 
Abstract:
  Using survey data collected from 250 farmers, this paper evaluates the
 impact of the Soil Remediation Research Project (SRRP) undertaken by
 International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Northeast Thailand
 during 2002-2005. SRRP has demonstrated and promoted the application of
 clay as a quick and low-cost means for improving the fertility and water
 holding capacity of sandy soils. The impact evaluation suggests that the
 SRRP has a net present value (NPV) of US$0.7 million with a benefit-cost
 ratio (BCR) of 3.1 for the sample context and an NPV of US$99.5 million
 with a BCR of 317.7 for the larger context of the region. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 336-352 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: bentonite, clay technology, farming system, impact assessment, impact pathway, matching method, Northeast Thailand, regression method, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903105022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903105022
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacob Oduor 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduor 
Author-Name: Anne Kamau 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamau 
Author-Name: Evan Mathenge 
Author-X-Name-First: Evan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathenge 
Title: Evaluating the impact of microfranchising the distribution of anti-malarial drugs in Kenya on malaria mortality and morbidity 
Abstract:
  In an effort to increase access to effective anti-malaria drugs to the
 rural poor, the Kenyan government has partnered with a local
 non-governmental organisation to distribute the drugs free of charge using
 a microfranchise system in small privately-owned rural shops. This study
 uses difference-in-difference to evaluate the effectiveness of the
 programme in increasing access to the drugs and hence on its impact on
 malaria morbidity and mortality. If effective, this system can be
 recommended for adoption in the distribution of other essential medicines
 to help in achieving some of the health-related millennium development
 goals (MDGs) in Africa and Asia. The results show that the programme has
 no significant impact on malaria morbidity in treatment areas, but there
 is an impact once treatment is defined with reference to distance to
 facility. The impact is however less when patients have to walk longer
 distances to access drugs. In addition, the programme is found to have
 significant spillover effects to neighbouring untreated areas. Programme
 impact on mortality is generally insignificant. The programme is therefore
 recommendable for replication with particular emphasis on putting measures
 to reduce distance to facility by establishing more outlets nearer to the
 patients. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 353-377 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, Malaria, MDGs, difference-in-difference, microfranchising, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903111855 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903111855
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie): an introduction 
Abstract:
  The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is a new
 organisation devoted to enhancing development effectiveness through
 supporting the production and use of evidence from rigorous impact
 studies. This paper outlines the theory of change that underlies 3ie's
 mission and the activities designed to address it. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 378-386 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: theory of change, Evaluation Gap Working Group, policy-relevant evidence, rigorous impact evaluation, development effectiveness, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903147685 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903147685
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Jose Diaz 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jose Diaz 
Author-Name: Miguel Jaramillo 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaramillo 
Title: Evaluating interventions to reduce maternal mortality: evidence from Peru's PARSalud programme 
Abstract:
  This paper evaluates the impact of an intervention oriented to reduce
 maternal mortality in Peru. The paper takes advantage of both spatial and
 temporal variation in the implementation of the programme to identify its
 effects. Results suggest a positive impact of the training provided by the
 programme on the number of deliveries, deliveries using oxytocin,
 caesarean deliveries, and complicated deliveries, but ambiguous effects of
 infrastructure investments. Moreover, different types of training had
 different impacts, internships on perinatal technologies having larger
 impacts. No effects are found on obstetric complications, but there are
 positive effects on the number of complicated deliveries attended. Results
 also show that the programme reduces the incidence of postpartum
 haemorrhage, the main cause of maternal mortality. As far as
 cost-effectiveness is concerned, the cost of averting a case of postpartum
 haemorrhage is about US$3328, compared with the present discounted value
 of the per-capita Gross Domestic Product over a lifespan of 45 extra years
 of life - about US$36,700. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 387-412 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: maternal mortality, impact evaluation, fixed-effects models, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903380872 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903380872
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anh Ngo 
Author-X-Name-First: Anh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngo 
Author-Name: Ha Phan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phan 
Author-Name: Van Pham 
Author-X-Name-First: Van 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham 
Author-Name: Thang Trinh 
Author-X-Name-First: Thang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trinh 
Author-Name: Khoa Truong 
Author-X-Name-First: Khoa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Truong 
Title: Impacts of a government social franchise model on perceptions of service quality and client satisfaction at commune health stations in Vietnam 
Abstract:
  This study evaluates behavioural outcomes associated with a new approach
 - the government social franchise (GSF) model - developed to improve
 reproductive health and family planning (RHFP) service quality and
 capacity in Vietnam's commune health stations. A quasi-experimental design
 with a matched control group assessed GSF model effects on client
 perceptions of serviced quality and satisfaction. Survey data from 1181
 users and potential users were collected at baseline, six months and 12
 months after implementation of the franchise network. Regression analyses
 controlled for baseline differences between intervention and control
 groups. Commune health station franchise membership was significantly
 associated with improvement of community perceptions of service quality
 and client satisfaction as well as their likeliness to return and
 recommend low-cost, community-based RHFP services to others. This study
 provides preliminary evidence regarding the ability of the GSF model to
 increase client satisfaction with RHFP services in primary public
 healthcare clinics. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 413-429 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: social franchise, reproductive health services, satisfaction, commune health stations, Vietnam, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903370477 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903370477
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Assefa Admassie 
Author-X-Name-First: Assefa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Admassie 
Author-Name: Degnet Abebaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Degnet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abebaw 
Author-Name: Andinet Woldemichael 
Author-X-Name-First: Andinet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woldemichael 
Title: Impact evaluation of the Ethiopian Health Services Extension Programme 
Abstract:
  Ethiopia has launched a pro-poor health services extension programme
 since 2003 to deliver preventive and basic curative health services to its
 inhabitants. Despite the massive support and recognition the programme has
 received, there has not been proper evaluation of its impact. This study
 has applied propensity score matching and regression adjustment techniques
 to evaluate the short-term and intermediate-term impacts of the programme
 on child and maternal health indicators in the programme villages.
 Empirical data for the study were collected from 3095 households from both
 programme and non-programme villages in rural Ethiopia. The estimated
 results indicate that the programme has significantly increased the
 proportion of children fully and individually vaccinated against
 tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, and measles. The study
 finds heterogeneity in childhood immunisation coverage as a result of
 differences in terms of the number of health extension workers, in the
 quality of health posts and in terms of the educational achievement of
 mothers across programme villages. The proportions of children and women
 using insecticide-treated bednets for malaria protection are significantly
 larger in programme villages than in non-programme villages. The effect on
 preventive maternal care is rather limited. Whereas women in the programme
 villages appeared to make their first contact with a skilled health
 service provider significantly earlier during pregnancy, very little
 effect is detected on other prenatal and postnatal care services.
 Moreover, the programme has not reduced the incidence and duration of
 diarrhoea and cough diseases among under-five children. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 430-449 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, health services extension, propensity scores, regression adjustment, Ethiopia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903375724 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903375724
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yot Teerawattananon 
Author-X-Name-First: Yot 
Author-X-Name-Last: Teerawattananon 
Author-Name: Yuwadee Leelukkanaveera 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwadee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leelukkanaveera 
Author-Name: Montarat Thavorncharoensap 
Author-X-Name-First: Montarat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thavorncharoensap 
Author-Name: Piya Hanvoravongchai 
Author-X-Name-First: Piya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanvoravongchai 
Author-Name: Lily Ingsrisawang 
Author-X-Name-First: Lily 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingsrisawang 
Author-Name: Sripen Tantivess 
Author-X-Name-First: Sripen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tantivess 
Author-Name: Usa Chaikledkaew 
Author-X-Name-First: Usa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaikledkaew 
Author-Name: Adun Mohara 
Author-X-Name-First: Adun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohara 
Author-Name: Cheewanan Lertpiriyasuwat 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheewanan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lertpiriyasuwat 
Author-Name: Nuttawut Pimsawan 
Author-X-Name-First: Nuttawut 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pimsawan 
Title: Provider-initiated HIV/AIDS counselling and testing at healthcare facilities in Thailand: a cluster-randomisation trial 
Abstract:
  The World Health Organization and UNAIDS advocate that healthcare
 providers worldwide consider provider-initiated HIV counselling and
 testing for clients attending healthcare facilities. However, there is a
 lack of evidence needed to support policy decisions, concerning the
 effectiveness of such interventions in Thailand and other settings with
 large outbreaks of the HIV epidemic. As a result, a cluster-randomisation
 trial with pre-test and post-test design was conducted to assess the
 effectiveness of healthcare provider-initiated voluntary HIV counselling
 and testing compared with the current practice in which HIV testing is
 provided only upon the client's request. Sixteen district hospitals
 (clusters) with high and low HIV prevalence were randomly assigned to
 either use the new intervention or to continue with the current practice
 with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients aged between 13 and 64 years,
 receiving ambulatory care in the participating hospitals, were eligible.
 The main outcome measures were the acceptance rate of HIV testing and the
 HIV detection rate. During the first eight-week baseline period, there
 were no significant differences between the control and experimental
 clusters on the acceptance rate and HIV detection. However, after the
 eight-week intervention period, the acceptance rate and HIV detection rate
 in the experimental clusters was significantly higher than those of the
 control clusters. The results from the generalised estimating equations
 and multilevel modelling also confirmed the findings. Economic appraisal
 alongside this study suggested that the new intervention is very
 cost-effective under the Thai healthcare setting. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 450-469 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, counselling and testing, provider-initiated HIV counselling and testing, cluster-randomised trial, Thailand, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903373976 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903373976
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suneetha Kadiyala 
Author-X-Name-First: Suneetha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kadiyala 
Author-Name: Rahul Rawat 
Author-X-Name-First: Rahul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rawat 
Author-Name: Terry Roopnaraine 
Author-X-Name-First: Terry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roopnaraine 
Author-Name: Frances Babirye 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Babirye 
Author-Name: Robert Ochai 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ochai 
Title: Applying a programme theory framework to improve livelihood interventions integrated with HIV care and treatment programmes 
Abstract:
  The authors assessed whether livelihood interventions integrated with HIV
 and AIDS care and treatment programmes share a clearly elucidated causal
 pathway to impact, and examined their service delivery and utilisation
 plans to realise intended impacts on food security. They conducted
 multiple in-depth key informant interviews, along the livelihood programme
 chain, with staff from the AIDS Support Organisation and 16 collaborating
 partners implementing livelihood programmes in eastern and northern
 Uganda. They present their results using a programme theory framework,
 highlighting the quality of conceptualisation of programme impact pathways
 by programme staff, and identify key steps along the process pathway as
 they relate to successful delivery of interventions, programme
 participation, and uptake of services by beneficiaries. Key research
 questions include the following: Do programmes possess coherent,
 consistent and plausible objectives and approaches to attaining them? Are
 the impact and process theories clearly defined and logical? Through
 analysis of programme staff interviews, the authors highlight critical
 gaps in conceptualisation of causal pathways and programme processes that
 need to be addressed in order to maximise programme impact. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 470-491 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: HIV, AIDS, livelihoods, programme theory, food security, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903370469 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903370469
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bertha Nhlema Simwaka 
Author-X-Name-First: Bertha Nhlema 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simwaka 
Author-Name: Kisukyabo Simwaka 
Author-X-Name-First: Kisukyabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simwaka 
Author-Name: George Bello 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bello 
Title: Retrospective analysis of a school-based malaria treatment programme demonstrates a positive impact on health and education outcomes in Mangochi district, Malawi 
Abstract:
  This report presents a retrospective evaluation of the school-based
 malaria treatment programme implemented in Mangochi district, Malawi. The
 teachers were trained to identify and treat children suffering from
 malaria. The evaluation was undertaken using the school administrative
 records. The intervention and comparison schools were matched using
 propensity score matching. The impact was assessed using generalised
 linear modelling of family Poisson and also Kaplan-Meier for survival
 analysis. The results showed significant reductions in general absenteeism
 and grade repetition by students. Treating the cost-savings arising from
 the reduced rate of repetition as the benefits of the programme, the study
 showed that benefits far outweighed costs. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 492-506 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: school, children, malaria; treatment, repetition, absenteeism, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903342336 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903342336
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inder Ruprah 
Author-X-Name-First: Inder 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruprah 
Author-Name: Luis Marcano 
Author-X-Name-First: Luis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcano 
Title: Does technical assistance matter? An impact evaluation approach to estimate its value added 
Abstract:
  Many public programmes include technical assistance to the direct
 beneficiaries of the programme in addition to pure financing. However,
 there is no body of studies that calculates the additional impact of
 technical assistance on the outcome of interest. The authors use
 multi-treatment propensity score - with exact matching for dosage. The
 impact calculations reveal that technical assistance does matter as it has
 an impact over and above that of only financing. Given the small dollar
 value of technical assistance relative to the dollar value of transfers,
 not only does technical assistance matter but it is a way of getting more
 for less. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 507-528 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: impact evaluation, technical assistance, water, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903370451 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903370451
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emanuela Galasso 
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galasso 
Author-Name: Nithin Umapathi 
Author-X-Name-First: Nithin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Umapathi 
Title: Corrigendum 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 529-530 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903488097 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903488097
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003655007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003655007
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Amanda Glassman 
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Glassman 
Author-Name: Jessica Todd 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Todd 
Title: Conditional cash transfers and health: unpacking the causal chain 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates whether conditional cash transfer (CCT)
 programmes that include health and nutrition components improve health and
 nutritional outcomes, and if so, which components of the programmes, or
 combination thereof, are important in achieving these improvements. Using
 evidence from Latin America, Africa, Asia and the Middle East, the paper
 adopts a theory-based approach that spells out the assumptions behind the
 expectation that the CCT interventions will have a measurable impact on
 health and nutrition outcomes. CCT impact evaluations provide unambiguous
 evidence that financial incentives work to increase utilisation of those
 key health services by the poor upon which the cash transfer is
 conditioned, if the beneficiaries have knowledge of this condition.
 However, results are mixed with respect to nutrition and health outcomes,
 suggesting that encouraging utilisation when the pertinence of services is
 unknown or of poor quality may not produce the expected effects. Incipient
 results from Mexico indicate, however, that service quality is not
 necessarily exogenous to the programme, but may be positively affected by
 giving the poor women skills, information, and social support to negotiate
 better care from healthcare providers. Findings from Mexico indicate that
 there are direct routes by which the cash transfers affect health, outside
 of the health sector interactions. In particular, the poverty alleviation
 achieved with the cash transfers may affect the mental health of
 beneficiaries, as well as their lifestyle choices. The main policy
 recommendation that ensues from this review is the need to find the right
 mix of incentives and regulation to improve the quality of care, while at
 the same time investing in the empowerment of users. Future research that
 explores the relative cost-effectiveness of investing in the supply versus
 the demand-side within the health system will be crucial, along with
 further research on the need for conditionalities. Other areas that could
 benefit from further evidence include morbidity outcomes from programmes
 other than Oportunidades, including mental health and chronic disease,
 impacts on health-related behaviours and attitudes, and how these factors
 affect outcomes, and the effects on out-of-pocket expenditure. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 6-50 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: conditional cash transfer interventions, theory-based approach, health and nutritional outcomes, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003646188 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003646188
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Barber 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barber 
Author-Name: Paul Gertler 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gertler 
Title: Empowering women: how Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme raised prenatal care quality and birth weight 
Abstract:
  Data from a controlled randomised trial are used to estimate the effect
 of Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme, Oportunidades, on birth
 outcomes, and to examine the pathways by which it works. Birth weights
 average 127.3 grams higher, and low birth weight incidence is 44.5 per
 cent lower among beneficiary mothers. Better birth outcomes are explained
 entirely by better quality prenatal care. Oportunidades affected quality
 through empowering women with information about adequate healthcare
 content to expect better care, and with skills and social support to
 negotiate better care. Efforts to empower the less well-off are necessary
 for public services to fully benefit the poor. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 51-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: public policy, evaluation, poverty, Mexcio, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003592630 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003592630
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa 
Author-X-Name-First: Hector 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamadrid-Figueroa 
Author-Name: Gustavo Angeles 
Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angeles 
Author-Name: Thomas Mroz 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mroz 
Author-Name: Jose Urquieta-Salomon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Urquieta-Salomon 
Author-Name: Bernardo Hernandez-Prado 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernandez-Prado 
Author-Name: Aurelio Cruz-Valdez 
Author-X-Name-First: Aurelio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz-Valdez 
Author-Name: Martha Tellez-Rojo 
Author-X-Name-First: Martha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tellez-Rojo 
Title: Heterogeneous impact of the social programme Oportunidades on use of contraceptive methods by young adult women living in rural areas 
Abstract:
  Rarely have researchers explored the distribution of a programme's
 effects in a population, tending to focus on unidimensional measures of
 impact instead. This can mask heterogeneity of effects, making it
 difficult to identify subsets of the population for whom impacts might
 differ from a population average. The authors exploit the design of
 Mexico's Oportunidades programme to construct measures of the
 heterogeneous impacts of the programme on contraception and compare these
 with conventional effect estimates. They find that the latter, while
 probably reliable for particular types of effects, fail to uncover the
 substantial programme impacts on the poorest women in rural Mexico. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 74-86 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: average effect estimates, contraception, heterogeneity of effects, Oportunidades, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003599726 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003599726
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Maluccio 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maluccio 
Author-Name: Alexis Murphy 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy 
Author-Name: Ferdinando Regalia 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinando 
Author-X-Name-Last: Regalia 
Title: Does supply matter? Initial schooling conditions and the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for grade progression in Nicaragua 
Abstract:
  The authors use a randomised evaluation to examine the effect of a
 conditional cash transfer programme on grade progression in Nicaragua from
 1999 to 2003, putting the spotlight on initial supply-side conditions and
 the extent to which they conditioned programme effectiveness. Their
 principal findings are that the programme had a substantial effect on
 grade progression and it was more effective in areas with autonomous
 schools. At the same time, it was also more effective in intervention
 areas with poor initial supply conditions as measured by indicators of
 grade availability and distance to school. These areas had lower outcomes
 before the programme, and thus more room for improvement. The results
 suggest that initial school supply conditions are not insurmountable
 obstacles for the successful implementation of a conditional cash transfer
 (CCT) programme, as long as these constraints are identified at the
 planning stage and mechanisms put in place to address them during
 execution. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 87-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact evaluation, conditional cash transfer, schooling, supply side, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903584085 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903584085
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Garcia 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia 
Author-Name: Jennifer Hill 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill 
Title: Impact of conditional cash transfers on children's school achievement: evidence from Colombia 
Abstract:
  Conditional cash transfer programmes have expanded in developing
 countries as a way to foster human capital accumulation. Despite evidence
 of these programmes' positive impact on school enrolment, little is known
 about their impact on school achievement. This study estimated the effect
 of Familias en Accion on school achievement. It found that the programme
 has a positive effect on school achievement for children aged seven to 12
 living in rural areas. However, the study found a negative effect on the
 school achievement of adolescents, particularly those living in rural
 areas. Possible mechanisms of these effects are explored and discussed. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 117-137 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: programme evaluation, academic achievement, international education, conditional cash transfers, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003628681 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003628681
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabio Veras Soares 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Veras Soares 
Author-Name: Rafael Perez Ribas 
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perez Ribas 
Author-Name: Guilherme Issamu Hirata 
Author-X-Name-First: Guilherme 
Author-X-Name-Last: Issamu Hirata 
Title: Impact evaluation of a rural conditional cash transfer programme on outcomes beyond health and education 
Abstract:
  This paper presents impacts of the pilot conditional cash transfer
 programme in Paraguay. The choice of outcomes of interest is based on the
 work developed by the family counselling component undertaken by social
 workers. Propensity score techniques are used to deal with the problem of
 non-random treatment assignment. Tekopora has had a positive effect on
 investment in agriculture, savings, and on the possession of identity
 card, but did not have much impact on access to credit and on social
 participation. These results suggest that conditional cash transfer
 programmes can have impacts that go beyond the usual impacts on
 consumption, and health and education outcomes. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 138-157 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: conditional cash transfers, impact evaluation, propensity score matching, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003624433 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003624433
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Arthur 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arthur 
Author-Name: Christopher Mees 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mees 
Author-Name: Ashley Halls 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Halls 
Title: Assessing the impacts of fisheries management science: a review of the Department for International Development's fisheries management science programme 
Abstract:
  A central objective for the UK Department for International Development
 (DFID)-funded research on renewable natural resource systems has been that
 the research commissioned results in significant positive developmental
 impacts. This paper examines how the DFID-funded Fisheries Management
 Science Programme has approached the assessment of the impact achieved
 through the projects it has commissioned. Fisheries pose a particular
 challenge for the attribution of impact and a&#xa0;variety of approaches
 to impact assessment&#xa0;are required,&#xa0;as the systems are
 characteristically complex, dynamic and heterogeneous. Typically fishery
 systems operate across multiple scales, involving a wide range of
 stakeholders with different, and sometimes conflicting, objectives. The
 paper describes the model and methods that were employed and highlights
 some of the developmental impact of fisheries management research achieved
 by projects commissioned during the 11 years of the programme. The lessons
 learned regarding uptake, adoption and impact assessment&#xa0;should be of
 interest both to researchers and those funding developmental research. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 158-172 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: fisheries research, science, impact assessment, lessons learned, developmental impact, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439340903469899 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439340903469899
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ron Bose 
Author-X-Name-First: Ron 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bose 
Title: CONSORT Extensions for Development Effectiveness: guidelines for the reporting of randomised control trials of social and economic policy interventions in developing countries 
Abstract:
  The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was
 developed to assist investigators, authors, reviewers, and journal editors
 provide the necessary information to be included in reports of controlled
 medical trials. We augment the CONSORT reporting by adapting and
 elaborating the checklist to the context of trials of development
 interventions. We call this revised list the CONSORT Extensions for
 Development Effectiveness (CEDE). This checklist emphasises the reporting
 of underlying theories and descriptions of intervention and comparison
 conditions, research design, and detailed discussion of the protocol to
 mitigate the threats to the randomised evaluation design of studies.
 Systematising, and greater transparency, in the reporting formats for
 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will enable the community of
 evaluators, policy-makers, and programme officers to be privy to the many
 steps in an RCT implementation, and to better judge the internal and
 external validity of specific RCTs, both absolutely and relative to other
 methods of evaluation. The CEDE checklist is not meant to be the basis for
 evaluation of the RCT methodology, but to promote better reporting of data
 from published and completed studies. These guidelines should evolve
 alongside the state of the art of the field of experimental trial designs
 for the evaluation of social and economic policy interventions. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 173-186 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: CONSORT statement, development effectiveness, impact evaluation, randomised controlled trials, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003624441 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003624441
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alison Buttenheim 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buttenheim 
Title: Impact evaluation in the post-disaster setting: a case study of the 2005 Pakistan earthquake 
Abstract:
  There is growing interest in impact evaluation in the humanitarian and
 development sectors. Several recent reports have identified post-disaster
 impact evaluation (PDIE) as a particular challenge and galvanised interest
 in pushing the field forward. This paper reviews existing work,
 synthesises a set of guiding principles and analytic frameworks for PDIE,
 and applies those to a design for the evaluation of recovery programmes
 following the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. The paper contributes to ongoing
 discussions of impact assessment within the humanitarian sector while also
 introducing impact evaluation practitioners to the challenges of
 conducting quality impact evaluations in post-disaster settings. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 197-227 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact evaluation, Pakistan, earthquake, disaster, relief, recovery, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.487942 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.487942
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Prowse 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prowse 
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Title: Impact evaluation and interventions to address climate change: a scoping study 
Abstract:
  Substantial and increasing amounts of funding are available for countries
 to undertake climate change interventions. This article argues that to
 ensure effective allocation of these resources, the selection and design
 of climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions should be based
 on evidence of what works, what doesn't work, under what circumstances and
 at what cost. Currently the evidence base on the impact of climate change
 interventions is minimal and there is a need for wider application of
 rigorous impact evaluation (IE) in the field. Climate change interventions
 have much to learn from experiences in related fields, notably
 international development and conservation. The paper highlights some of
 the challenges faced when conducting IEs of climate change interventions
 and discusses how these can be tackled. Moreover, it discusses some of the
 key areas of mitigation and adaptation interventions and suggests how IEs
 could be implemented, using IEs from other policy fields as examples. It
 argues that despite the limited experience so far there are ample
 opportunities to conduct IE of climate change interventions. If calls for
 increasing financing of climate change mitigation and adaptation by
 hundreds of billions of dollars a year are to remain credible and gain
 support, evidence of the effectiveness of current spending is essential. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 228-262 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact evaluation, climate change, interventions, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003786729 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003786729
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Viviane Azevedo 
Author-X-Name-First: Viviane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Azevedo 
Author-Name: Marcos Robles 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robles 
Title: Simulating the impact of policy changes in Mexico's PROGRESA/Oportunidades 
Abstract:
  Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes are being widely used in
 developing countries to reduce poverty and enhance children's human
 capital. Researchers have generally relied on ex-ante evaluation models to
 fine-tune existing CCTs or to design new ones. One of the main pitfalls is
 'targeted modelling', in which results of counterfactual simulations might
 be driven by model features rather than the policy objectives. This paper
 uses the ex-ante evaluation technique of Bourguignon et al., relaxes one
 of its assumptions, and simulates policy changes at the national level for
 the Mexican CCT. The model's result are in line with information from the
 national household survey, and counterfactual simulations indicate that
 overall school attendance can increase without additional budget. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 263-286 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: conditional cash transfers, ex-ante evaluation, simulations, school attendance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439341003710380 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439341003710380
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Bertha Briceno 
Author-X-Name-First: Bertha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Briceno 
Title: Institutionalisation of government evaluation: balancing trade-offs 
Abstract:
  Carefully designed and implemented evaluations can improve people's
 welfare and enhance development effectiveness. This paper investigates
 institutions in Mexico, Chile, and Colombia, and shows that for the
 successful inception of an institutionalised system for evaluation, three
 common factors stand out: the existence of a democratic system with a
 vocal opposition, the existence of influential monitoring and evaluation
 (M&E) champions to lead the process, and a clear powerful stakeholder.
 Mexico's CONEVAL is the most independent of the three bodies, mainly due
 to the fact that it is reporting to an executive board of independent
 academics; Chile's Dipres is the best placed in terms of enforcement, with
 its location within the Ministry of Finance and control of an independent
 budget; and Colombia's SINERGIA helps promote a culture of utilisation of
 evaluations as a project management tool. However, actual usage of M&E
 information and the resulting effect upon development effectiveness are
 the benchmarks of success. The paper concludes that an explicit and
 thoughtful process of assessing the needs, the focus, and the emphasis of
 the system should serve officials and champions to identify adequate
 arrangements for the particular country context and understand how to
 better respond to the forces pushing for the creation of new M&E units and
 bodies. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 289-309 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: institutionalisation, independence, government evaluation, monitoring and evaluation systems, development effectiveness, enforcement capability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.505027 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.505027
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francois Bourguignon 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bourguignon 
Title: Toward an evaluation of evaluation methods: a commentary on the experimental approach in the fields of employment, work, and professional training 
Abstract:
  This paper compares two families of evaluation techniques for social
 programmes in the field of employment and income. The first refers to the
 experimental methods and in particular to the randomised control trials,
 which are of increasing use in the evaluation of social programmes. The
 second refers to the structural economic modelling of individual
 behaviours supposed to be important determinants of the policy being
 evaluated. Although the emphasis of the paper is more on experimental
 methods, because of their relative novelty in the economic discipline, it
 essentially argues that no method should be preferred to the other on a
 priori grounds. They both have advantages and limitations in their
 applicability. Ideally they should be used concomitantly as they have some
 power to partially compensate the deficiencies of each other. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 310-319 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: evaluation, experiment, modelling, social policies, development, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.505774 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.505774
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa 
Author-Name: Benjamin Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Author-Name: Marco Stampini 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stampini 
Author-Name: Paul Winters 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winters 
Title: Heterogeneous treatment effects in conditional cash transfer programmes: assessing the impact of Progresa on agricultural households 
Abstract:
  The success of Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme (Progresa)
 has sparked a wave of similar programmes across the developing world, and
 the highly successful social experiment in Progresa has created demand for
 experimental evaluations among development partners, multilateral agencies
 and governments as a way to assess development policy. But existing
 evaluations do not consider the possibility of heterogeneous treatment
 effects due to either multiple programme participation or the special
 circumstances of agricultural households when production and consumption
 decisions are not separable. This article shows that the impact of
 Progresa on health check-ups is significantly smaller among participants
 of Procampo, a programme that is linked to agricultural production. This
 differential impact may be due to Procampo conditionality or the fact that
 the shadow price of time is different between these households and other
 Progresa beneficiaries. The authors' conclusion is that conditional cash
 transfer programmes must consider multiple programme participation and
 non-separable agricultural households when designing programmes and
 assessing impacts 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 320-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: cash transfers, agricultural households, Mexico, programme evaluation, poverty, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.499176 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.499176
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabeth King 
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: King 
Author-Name: Cyrus Samii 
Author-X-Name-First: Cyrus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Samii 
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Title: Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa 
Abstract:
  This article presents a synthetic review of impact evaluations examining
 the effectiveness of community-driven development (CDD) and curriculum
 interventions in improving social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa. The
 review found weakly positive impacts of CDD and curriculum interventions
 on social cohesion outcomes, although only two findings were replicated
 across studies: one positive and one negative. Causal chain analysis of
 data on implementation and contextual factors relating to the CDD
 interventions found that broad and substantive participation was often
 lacking, suggesting the interventions have often not been carried out in
 accordance with the theory of CDD. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 336-370 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: social cohesion, social capital, evaluation, Africa, community-driven development, participation, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/17449057.2010.504552 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vinod Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Vinod 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Author-Name: Jiro Tominaga 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tominaga 
Title: Evaluation for better development results 
Abstract:
  Evaluation can make a positive difference to development results. Yet,
 the emergence of extended results chains and the growing significance of
 linkages across projects and programmes have increased the challenges of
 producing useful evaluations. Meanwhile, the timeliness in the provision
 of evaluative findings is proving to be crucial for ensuring its relevance
 and impact. This paper first underscores the need for results-based
 evaluations. It then points out the need for diverse evaluation
 approaches, emphasising the value of looking beyond stated objectives.
 Finally, it discusses governance frameworks to motivate the production and
 use of evaluations of development results. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 371-386 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: development results, evaluation, monitoring, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.499175 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.499175
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Palmer-Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer-Jones 
Title: Handbook on impact evaluation: quantitative methods and practices, by S.R. Khandker, G.B. Koolwal and H.A. Samad 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 387-390 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.499188 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.499188
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anjini Mishra 
Author-X-Name-First: Anjini 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra 
Title: Recent impact evaluations 
Abstract:
  This is a list of impact evaluations of interventions in low-income and
 middle-income countries published between January and May 2010. If you
 would like to submit a newly published study for inclusion in the next
 'Recent Impact Evaluations', please submit details of the study to
 database@3ieimpact.org. All listed studies will also be included in the
 3ie database of impact evaluations accessible at:
 http://www.3ieimpact.org/database_of_impact_evaluations.html 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 391-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.501153 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.501153
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arnab Acharya 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnab 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya 
Author-Name: Giulia Greco 
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greco 
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset 
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset 
Title: The economics approach to evaluation of health interventions in developing countries through randomised field trial 
Abstract:
  In the past decade economists have begun to carry out randomised field
 trials in social settings to examine effectiveness of developmental
 projects that ranged from micro-financing to vaccination in a school
 setting. There is strong recognition among economists that experimental
 design in a social setting cannot erode such problems as selective
 contamination and compliance. Estimation methods can be used to correct
 such problems. Although strongly related to the approaches long practiced
 in epidemiology, there are significant differences in how economists have
 corrected such problems as selection and heterogeneity of impact. A
 central theme in the economics literature is that agents can choose to
 participate in an intervention even in the case of randomised assignment.
 This paper examines illustrative interventions in social settings aimed at
 improving health where programmes were implemented with a randomised
 design. The paper is not meant to be systematic in its review, nor does it
 focus on any particular policy issues; we also do not attempt to provide a
 critique of the literature on randomised trials. Instead the paper chooses
 to report on a few key studies to describe how particular econometric
 techniques can help answer policy relevant questions from randomised
 trials where there might be problems such as compliance, contamination and
 presence of varied plausible causal explanations as to why a change might
 have occurred. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 401-420 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact evaluation, selection bias, average treatment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.528009 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.528009
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan Levy 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levy 
Author-Name: Jim Ohls 
Author-X-Name-First: Jim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ohls 
Title: Evaluation of Jamaica's PATH conditional cash transfer programme 
Abstract:
  This paper summarises the findings of an evaluation of the Programme of
 Advancement through Health and Education (PATH), a conditional cash
 transfer programme implemented by the Government of Jamaica. The authors
 find that PATH was generally implemented as intended; exhibited better
 targeting to the poor than other similar social assistance programmes in
 Jamaica; and had positive and statistically significant impacts on school
 attendance and number of preventive healthcare visits for children. They
 find no evidence, however, that PATH was able to affect longer-term
 outcomes such as marks, grade progression, or healthcare status. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 421-441 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: conditional cash transfer, Jamaica, education, poverty, health, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.519783 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.519783
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Livingston Armytage 
Author-X-Name-First: Livingston 
Author-X-Name-Last: Armytage 
Title: Judicial reform in Asia: case study of AusAID's experience in Papua New Guinea: 2003-2007 
Abstract:
  This case study evaluates the experience of Australia's aid agency
 (AusAID) in supporting bilateral judicial reform in Papua New Guinea
 through its Law and Justice Sector Program between 2003 and 2007. It
 marshals and evaluates a substantial body of new evidence from the
 Asia-Pacific region, which has been relatively under-studied in the
 academic discourse to date. The question to be addressed in this article
 is: what does the actual evidence of practice tell us about the nature and
 effectiveness of judicial and related legal reforms in Papua New Guinea?
 This case study adopts a documents-based, inductive, qualitative
 methodology to gather findings from the available evidence of reform
 endeavours. The structure of this article comprises three sections: an
 introduction to this empirical case study; the body of evidence provided,
 including background, findings and analysis; and conclusions that
 highlight their significance to two key issues relating to the purpose and
 evaluation of judicial reform endeavour. The evidence of practice provided
 by this case study is significant in supporting a number of key
 propositions. First, it reveals the still evolving nature of the judicial
 reform enterprise. Second, it demonstrates that AusAID has created some
 'results'. Third, it remains much more difficult to find any evidence of
 'success' owing to the continuing conceptual fuzziness in the purpose and
 goals of endeavour, and the continuing lack of systematic monitoring and
 evaluation. Fourth, there are some tentative indications of an emerging
 capacity to demonstrate developmental effectiveness. In sum, while the
 Papua New Guinea experience conforms in many ways to the global
 literature, it highlights the incubation of a potentially paradigmatic
 shift in developing performance monitoring and evaluation capacity. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 442-467 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: justice, development, evaluation, Papua New Guinea, AusAID, effectiveness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.525811 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fiona Samuels 
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Samuels 
Author-Name: Sam McPherson 
Author-X-Name-First: Sam 
Author-X-Name-Last: McPherson 
Title: Meeting the challenge of proving impact in Andhra Pradesh, India 
Abstract:
  Led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, the Frontiers Prevention
 Programme (FPP) was implemented in India, Ecuador, Cambodia and Morocco
 between 2002 and 2007. This paper focuses on the experience of evaluating
 this programme in Andhra Pradesh, India. The aim of the FPP was to reduce
 HIV infections through supporting the delivery of a comprehensive package
 of community-based prevention interventions, focused on saturating
 pre-defined geographical sites that had high densities of populations that
 were considered key to the epidemic, or 'key populations' - female sex
 workers, men who have sex with men, and people living with HIV/AIDS.
 Various aspects of the FPP were innovative for its time, including the
 implementation of a rigorous impact evaluation initially using a community
 randomised control trial design. The key evaluation questions posed were:
 (a) to what extent do HIV and AIDS prevention interventions effect
 positive change in the course of the epidemic within key populations and
 the communities in which they live? and (b) does community participation
 provide an additional impact beyond that of traditional prevention
 interventions? Some of the challenges in conducting the evaluation were
 surmountable - for example, those related to managing a large-scale
 multi-stakeholder programme with institutes and individuals located in
 different parts of the world - but others were less so. In particular the
 loss of the control sites proved problematic and resulted in the endline
 findings, although showing positive changes in behaviour, being largely
 inconclusive since these positive changes were found across all sites.
 Lessons include the importance of continual dialogue between programme
 staff and researchers and sharing and disseminating findings in
 appropriate formats to different kinds of stakeholders. The experience
 from the FPP questions the value of NGOs using experimental evaluation
 designs; while acknowledging their value in providing evidence of what
 works and therefore where to focus resources, NGOs need to be cautious
 before undertaking such exercises and ensure that they are fully aware of
 the difficulties and expense in undertaking such experimental evaluations. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 468-485 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, India, impact, key populations, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.518461 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diemuth Pemsl 
Author-X-Name-First: Diemuth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pemsl 
Author-Name: Linda Seidel-Lass 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seidel-Lass 
Title: Informal networks in policy processes: the case of community-based fisheries management in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  A significant share of research for development aims at improving policy.
 The authors use the case of community-based fisheries management in
 Bangladesh to demonstrate how social network analysis can be applied to
 explore policy influence. Influence is an important intermediary step to
 impact. Data were collected in expert surveys conducted in 2007. The
 informal network that emerged during the project directly links local
 non-governmental organisations and grass-root organisations to development
 and administrative government organs. Decision-makers at the government
 planning level stated they received information from project partners,
 thus providing evidence for the policy influencing role of the analysed
 project. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 486-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact assessment, policy-oriented research, social network analysis, community-based fisheries management, Bangladesh, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.525246 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.525246
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ranjeeta Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjeeta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Author-Name: Andrew Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones 
Author-Name: Lyn Squire 
Author-X-Name-First: Lyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Squire 
Title: Methods for Evaluating Innovative Health Programs: a multi-country study 
Abstract:
  Designed as a global research initiative, the Evaluating Innovative
 Health Programs project aims at adding to the evidence base of health
 interventions that have the potential to improve health outcomes in Africa
 and Asia. The project focuses on rigorous, quantitative evaluations of
 innovative local initiatives that address the Millennium Development Goals
 for health: reductions in child and maternal mortality and communicable
 diseases. This overview brings together the outcomes and lessons from the
 project for evaluation methods. It draws together the methodological
 implications of carrying out impact evaluations under very different
 settings and emphasises the need to build evaluations into project
 designs. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 504-520 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, child and maternal health, communicable diseases, impact evaluation, capacity-building, Asia, Africa, Latin America, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.515746 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hala Abou-Ali 
Author-X-Name-First: Hala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abou-Ali 
Author-Name: Hesham El-Azony 
Author-X-Name-First: Hesham 
Author-X-Name-Last: El-Azony 
Author-Name: Heba El-Laithy 
Author-X-Name-First: Heba 
Author-X-Name-Last: El-Laithy 
Author-Name: Jonathan Haughton 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haughton 
Author-Name: Shahid Khandker 
Author-X-Name-First: Shahid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khandker 
Title: Evaluating the impact of Egyptian Social Fund for Development programmes 
Abstract:
  Since its inception in 1991, the Egyptian Social Fund for Development
 (SFD) has spent about US$600 million supporting microcredit, and financing
 community development and infrastructure. Applying propensity-score
 matching using household survey data for 2004/05, this paper finds that
 SFD programmes have had clear and measurable effects, in the expected
 direction, for the six programmes considered here: education, health,
 potable water, sanitation, roads, and microcredit. SFD road projects
 generate benefits that, by some estimates, exceed their costs, as do
 health and potable water interventions; this is less evident for
 programmes in education and sanitation. SFD support for microcredit is
 strongly pro-poor; the other programmes analysed here appear to have a
 more modest pro-poor orientation. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 521-555 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: impact evaluation, Egypt, social fund, propensity score matching, microcredit, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.529926 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Title: Turning evidence into policy: challenges facing UK aid 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 556-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.532909 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.532909
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thilde Stevens 
Author-X-Name-First: Thilde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens 
Title: The use of evidence in South Africa: experiences and challenges 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 561-565 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.533053 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.533053
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anand Gupta 
Author-X-Name-First: Anand 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta 
Title: Evaluation of governance: a study of the Government of India's outcome budget 
Abstract:
  In 2005, the Government of India (GoI) launched an apparently excellent
 initiative - the Outcome Budget (OB) - with the objective of changing the
 culture of measuring performance in terms of the amount of money spent
 against the budgeted allocations, to one of measuring performance in terms
 of the delivery of the outcomes that people are concerned with. This paper
 argues that the OB has failed. This has happened because the assumptions
 of the theory of change underlying the OB have not been satisfied. The
 failure of the OB has extremely important lessons for the Independent
 Evaluation Office (IEO), which the GoI has decided to set up. The paper
 articulates the theory of change underlying the IEO. This theory assumes
 that policy-makers in India currently demand rigorous impact evaluations
 of public interventions and will continue to demand such evaluations in
 future, not because they have to comply with any requirement but because
 they really want to know the answers to the impact evaluation questions of
 'what works, under what conditions does it work, for whom, what part of a
 given intervention works, and for how much?', so that they may draw
 appropriate lessons from these answers and use these lessons while
 designing and implementing public interventions in future. However, given
 Indian public officials' current culture, the IEO may not make any visible
 difference in development effectiveness in India. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 566-573 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: evalution, governance, accountability, value for money, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.532928 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Koch 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch 
Title: Book review 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 574-576 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.522303 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.522303
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Author-Name: Martina Vojtkova 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojtkova 
Title: Recent impact evaluations: January to September 2010 
Abstract:
  This is a list of impact evaluations of interventions in low-income and
 middle-income countries published between January and September 2010, and
 not previously listed in this year's volume (Journal of Development
 Effectiveness, Volume 2, Issues 1-3). If you would like to submit a newly
 published study for inclusion in the next 'Recent Impact Evaluations',
 please submit details of the study to database@3ieimpact.org. All listed
 studies will also be included in the 3ie database of impact evaluations
 accessible at:
 http://www.3ieimpact.org/database_of_impact_evaluations.html 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 577-582 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 2 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.528661 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henrik Hansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Henrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen 
Author-Name: Ole Winckler Andersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ole Winckler 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen 
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Impact evaluation of infrastructure interventions 
Abstract:
  The focus on results in development agencies has led to increased focus
 on impact evaluation to demonstrate the effectiveness of development
 programmes. A range of methods are available for counterfactual analysis
 of infrastructure interventions, as illustrated by the variety of papers
 in this volume. Understanding impact means understanding the context in
 which an intervention takes place and the channels through which the
 impact on outcomes is expected to occur. Such analysis typically requires
 mixing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The analysis will
 also anticipate heterogeneity, with conditioning for 'selection bias'
 being recognised as positive information about for whom and when an
 intervention works or not. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-8 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: impact evaluation, infrastructure, counterfactual, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.547659 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eva Broegaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Eva 
Author-X-Name-Last: Broegaard 
Author-Name: Ted Freeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Ted 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freeman 
Author-Name: Carsten Schwensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwensen 
Title: Experience from a phased mixed-methods approach to impact evaluation of Danida support to rural transport infrastructure in Nicaragua 
Abstract:
  This study exemplifies and discusses how mixed methods can be used to
 overcome data shortages in an evaluation of the socio-economic effects of
 improved transport infrastructure in Nicaragua. Relying on a combination
 of existing data and a targeted collection of additional qualitative and
 quantitative information, the approach establishes a counterfactual and
 analyses the processes of change over a relevant range of impacts, whilst
 investigating heterogeneity of effects. The approach enabled a small donor
 agency with scarce evaluation resources to conduct an impact evaluation
 within data, time and budget constraints, thereby contributing to the
 foundation for better practice. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 9-27 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: transport infrastructure, impact evaluation, mixed methods, Nicaragua, PAST-Danida, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.545893 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Rand 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rand 
Title: Evaluating the employment-generating impact of rural roads in Nicaragua 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses the employment-generating impact of a tertiary road
 project in Nicaragua, applying a matched double-difference approach to
 control for initial conditions and time variant factors that
 simultaneously influence the placement of roads and subsequent employment
 growth rates. Results are promising. The author's estimates indicate an
 increase in hours worked per week attributable to the intervention of
 around 9.5-12.3 hours. Moreover, he observes tendencies of a graduation
 process taking place in the labour market: individuals moving out of
 unemployment predominately achieve employment in the agricultural sector
 (self-employment), whereas newly created service sector jobs primarily are
 taken by workers previously working in agriculture. Finally, the analysis
 suggests that the employment-generating effect comes through a combination
 of reduced travel time and better access to markets and larger, more
 integrated road networks. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 28-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: impact, employment, Nicaragua, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.545890 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eduardo Amaral Haddad 
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Amaral 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad 
Author-Name: Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Salgueiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perobelli 
Author-Name: Edson Paulo Domingues 
Author-X-Name-First: Edson Paulo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Domingues 
Author-Name: Mauricio Aguiar 
Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aguiar 
Title: Assessing the ex ante economic impacts of transportation infrastructure policies in Brazil 
Abstract:
  This paper uses a fully operational inter-regional computable general
 equilibrium (CGE) model implemented for the Brazilian economy, based on
 previous work by Haddad and Hewings, in order to assess the likely
 economic effects of road transportation policy changes in Brazil. Among
 the features embedded in this framework, modelling of external scale
 economies and transportation costs provides an innovative way of dealing
 explicitly with theoretical issues related to integrated regional systems.
 The model is calibrated for 109 regions. The explicit modelling of
 transportation costs built into the inter-regional CGE model, based on
 origin-destination flows, which takes into account the spatial structure
 of the Brazilian economy, creates the capability of integrating the
 inter-regional CGE model with a geo-coded transportation network model
 enhancing the potential of the framework in understanding the role of
 infrastructure on regional development. The transportation model used is
 the so-called Highway Development and Management, developed by the World
 Bank, implemented using the software TransCAD. Further extensions of the
 current model specification for integrating other features of transport
 planning in a continental industrialising country like Brazil are
 discussed, with the goal of building a bridge between conventional
 transport planning practices and the innovative use of CGE models. In
 order to illustrate the analytical power of the integrated system, the
 authors present a set of simulations, which evaluate the ex ante economic
 impacts of physical/qualitative changes in the Brazilian road network (for
 example, a highway improvement), in accordance with recent policy
 developments in Brazil. Rather than providing a critical evaluation of
 this debate, they intend to emphasise the likely structural impacts of
 such policies. They expect that the results will reinforce the need to
 better specifying spatial interactions in inter-regional CGE models. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 44-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: ex ante impact analysis, transportation, infrastructure, regional analysis, general equilibrium, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.545891 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ganesh Rauniyar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauniyar 
Author-Name: Aniceto Orbeta 
Author-X-Name-First: Aniceto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orbeta 
Author-Name: Guntur Sugiyarto 
Author-X-Name-First: Guntur 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sugiyarto 
Title: Impact of water supply and sanitation assistance on human welfare in rural Pakistan 
Abstract:
  The paper examines impact of two water supply and sanitation projects in
 rural Pakistan in improving access to water supply and sanitation and on
 health, education, and labour supply based on a household survey of 1300
 project and 1300 comparison households. The impact was estimated using
 treatment effects based on a control-function approach. Overall findings
 show that the projects improved households' access to water supply,
 reduced drudgery associated with fetching water and improved attendance of
 high-school-age girls in schools. However, the projects had no significant
 impact on the incidence and intensity of diarrhoea and on increasing
 labour force participation and hours available for work. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 62-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: impact evaluation, water supply and sanitation, Asian Development Bank, Pakistan, development effectiveness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.549947 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ariel BenYishay 
Author-X-Name-First: Ariel 
Author-X-Name-Last: BenYishay 
Author-Name: Rebecca Tunstall 
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tunstall 
Title: Impact evaluation of infrastructure investments: the experience of the Millennium Challenge Corporation 
Abstract:
  In many developing countries, aging or inadequate infrastructure is a
 binding constraint to economic growth. The Millennium Challenge
 Corporation (MCC), a US government agency providing development
 assistance, has committed more than $4 billion to upgrade or rehabilitate
 roads, ports, electricity, water, sanitation and major irrigation systems
 in 16 countries between 2004 and 2010. In at least eight of these
 countries, the MCC has developed evaluations that will assess the causal
 impacts of these investments on a variety of outcomes, including household
 incomes and consumption. These evaluations primarily rely on
 difference-in-differences estimation, complemented by random assignment,
 propensity score matching, geographic information systems (GIS) models,
 and regression discontinuity designs. The relatively large number of
 evaluations (13 in all) and the diversity in their approaches offer a
 unique opportunity to compare these evaluations in terms of the techniques
 used, their ability to control for selection bias, and their flexibility
 under changing implementation plans. This paper studies the conditions
 that led to the design of each evaluation, including differing mechanisms
 for selecting infrastructure to be upgraded. It compares the propensity
 score matching approaches used in many of these evaluations, noting key
 observable characteristics used to match treatment and control
 communities. It also studies the GIS modelling approaches used in four of
 the roads evaluations. Finally, it reviews the flexibility of each
 evaluation design in response to changes in the project implementation
 plans that arise when there are cost over-runs and/or poor policy
 performance, there are delays in construction, or there are changes to the
 roll-out strategy. Several of these evaluations will provide the first
 rigorous evidence on the impacts of highway or secondary road improvement
 in developing country contexts. Similarly, a number of evaluations will
 offer important evidence on the extent to which water and sanitation
 improvements can raise the income level of households. By incorporating
 multiple methods, a number of these evaluations will also illustrate
 whether these methods produce different impact estimates, another notable
 contribution to the literature. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 103-130 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: infrastructure, impact evaluation, randomisation, propensity score matching, geographic information systems, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.545892 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Achieving high-quality impact evaluation design through mixed methods: the case of infrastructure 
Abstract:
  A good-quality impact evaluation is based on an analysis of the theory of
 change for the intervention. Analysis of different parts of this causal
 chain, and the underlying assumptions, necessarily requires use of a
 variety of research methods. The method should fit the question, not the
 other way round. The challenge is to genuinely mix these methods rather
 than conduct parallel studies. The analysis needs to be rooted in a good
 understanding of context, which may come from anthropology or political
 science and political economy. Qualitative information sheds light on
 factors behind programme placement and self-selection. A key contribution
 from other disciplines is a proper understanding of the nature and
 distribution of benefits, enabling an impact evaluation design that
 captures the full range of benefits and socially-mediated impact
 heterogeneity. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 131-144 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: impact evaluation, mixed methods, infrastructure, distributional impact, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2010.547588 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2010.547588
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel Szekely 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szekely 
Title: The use of evidence in Mexico: experiences and challenges 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 145-151 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.548126 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.548126
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing 
Author-Name: Bob Baulch 
Author-X-Name-First: Bob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baulch 
Author-Name: Neha Kumar 
Author-X-Name-First: Neha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar 
Title: Evaluating the long-term impact of anti-poverty interventions in Bangladesh: an overview 
Abstract:
  This paper provides an overview of a research project that assessed the
 long-term impact of three antipoverty interventions in Bangladesh - the
 introduction of new agricultural technologies, educational transfers, and
 microfinance - on monetary and non-monetary measures of well-being. It
 begins by setting out the conceptual framework, methodology, and empirical
 methods used for the evaluation of long-term impacts. It discusses the
 context of the evaluations and the longitudinal data used. Key findings
 from the papers are then presented, followed by an indicative analysis of
 the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. The overview concludes with
 implications for programmes and policy. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 153-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Bangladesh, long-term impact, evaluations, mixed methods, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570447 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570447
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akhter Ahmed 
Author-X-Name-First: Akhter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed 
Author-Name: Mubina Khondkar 
Author-X-Name-First: Mubina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khondkar 
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing 
Title: Understanding the context of institutions and policy processes for selected anti-poverty interventions in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews the background and history of agricultural technology
 interventions and the policy processes underlying food-based and
 cash-based education incentive programmes in Bangladesh, their targeting
 mechanisms and performance, and their evolution over time. The study
 reviews similarities and differences among these anti-poverty
 interventions according to their pro-poor orientation, attention to gender
 issues, extent of involvement of other partners, attention to
 sustainability, and the use of research and evaluation to inform
 organisational change. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 175-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Bangladesh, microfinance institutions, agricultural technology, primary education, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570448 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:175-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neha Kumar 
Author-X-Name-First: Neha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar 
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing 
Title: Access, adoption, and diffusion: understanding the long-term impacts of improved vegetable and fish technologies in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  This paper assesses long-term impacts of early adoption of vegetable and
 polyculture fish production technologies on household and individual
 well-being in Bangladesh. In 1996-1997 and 2006-2007, a panel of
 households were surveyed in three sites where non-governmental
 organisations and extension programmes disseminated agricultural
 technologies. Using nearest-neighbour matching to construct a statistical
 comparison group, the authors find that long-term impacts differ across
 agricultural technology interventions and across outcomes. Long-term
 impacts on household-level consumption expenditures and asset accumulation
 are, in general, insignificant in the improved vegetables sites, but are
 positive and significant in the individually operated fish ponds sites.
 However, the impacts on individual nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and
 nutritional status do not follow the pattern of household-level impacts.
 Differences in long-term and short-term impacts arise from several causes:
 differences in dissemination and targeting mechanisms that may affect
 household-level adoption decisions; initial differences between comparison
 and treatment groups; divisibility and ease of dissemination of the
 technology; and intrahousehold allocation processes that determine the
 allocation of gains from the new technology among household members. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 193-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: adoption, agriculture, Bangladesh, impact assessment, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570452 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570452
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:193-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing 
Author-Name: Neha Kumar 
Author-X-Name-First: Neha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar 
Title: Does social capital build women's assets? The long-term impacts of group-based and individual dissemination of agricultural technology in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the long-term impact of agricultural
 technologies, disseminated using different implementation modalities on
 men's and women's asset accumulation in rural Bangladesh. Panel data
 spanning a 10-year period are used to examine the effects of the adoption
 of new vegetable varieties and polyculture fish pond management
 technologies on household resource allocation, incomes, and nutrition. A
 difference-in-differences model combined with nearest-neighbour matching
 is used to compare changes in husbands and wives' assets within the same
 household. The results show women's assets increase more relative to men's
 when technologies are disseminated through women's groups, suggesting that
 implementation modalities are important in determining the gendered impact
 of new technologies. These findings are robust to controls for unobserved
 household-level characteristics. These results suggest that social
 capital, as embodied through women's groups, not only serves as a
 substitute for physical assets in the short run, but helps to build up
 women's asset portfolios in the long run. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 220-242 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: gender, social capital, Bangladesh, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570450 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570450
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bob Baulch 
Author-X-Name-First: Bob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baulch 
Title: The medium-term impact of the primary education stipend in rural Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the long-term impact of Bangladesh's primary
 education stipend (PES) programme on a range of individual and household
 welfare measures using a unique longitudinal study spanning the years
 2000-2006. Using covariate matching and difference-in-difference methods,
 the programme is shown to have negligible impacts on school enrolments,
 household expenditures, calorie consumption, and protein consumption. At
 the individual level, the PES has a negative impact on grade progression,
 especially among boys from poor households who are ineligible to receive
 stipends at the secondary level. The programme does, however, lead to
 improvements in height-for-age among girls and body mass index among boys.
 Nonetheless, the impacts of the PES are remarkably small for a programme
 of its size. Poor targeting, particularly limited coverage and lack of
 geographical targeting, plus the declining real value of the stipend, are
 the most plausible reasons for this lack of impact. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 243-262 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Bangladesh, conditional cash transfers, primary education, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570449 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:243-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Title: Exploring the long-term impact of development interventions within life-history narratives in rural Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  This paper explores long-term effects of microfinance, educational
 transfers and agricultural interventions within life-trajectories in rural
 Bangladesh. More than one-half of respondents had used microfinance for
 some kind of income-generating activity in their lives. For 18 per cent it
 was an important cause of well-being improvement, but about one-third had
 used microcredit to cope in crises. Educational transfers contributed
 positively for 29 per cent of participants, but its impact was limited by
 low monetary value of benefits. The life-histories showed little long-term
 benefit from the agricultural technology programmes, and a number of
 possible reasons are discussed in the paper. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 263-280 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: poverty, development interventions, microfinance, Bangladesh, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.569738 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.569738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:263-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Md. Zahidul Hassan 
Author-X-Name-First: Md. Zahidul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan 
Author-Name: Wahid Quabili 
Author-X-Name-First: Wahid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quabili 
Author-Name: Mohammad Zobair 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zobair 
Author-Name: Bob Baulch 
Author-X-Name-First: Bob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baulch 
Author-Name: Agnes Quisumbing 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Quisumbing 
Title: Sampling and survey design of the Bangladesh long-term impact study 
Abstract:
  This appendix describes the sampling and survey design of the
 longitudinal study on which the papers in this collection are based.
 Special attention is paid to the design of the treatment and comparison
 groups, tracking of households, and the integrated nature of the
 quantitative and qualitative phases in the 2006-2007 re-survey. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 281-296 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: Bangladesh, long-term impact, sampling, survey design, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570451 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570451
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:281-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Author-Name: Richard Palmer-Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer-Jones 
Title: Comment on: Abou-Ali, H., El-Azony, H., El-Laithy, H., Haughton, J. and Khandker, S., 2010. Evaluating the impact of Egyptian Social Fund for Development programmes. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2 (4), 521-555 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 297-299 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.563597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.563597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:297-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Haughton 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haughton 
Title: Reply to comment by Duvendack and Palmer-Jones 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 300-301 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570935 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570935
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:2:p:300-301




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Author-Name: Richard Palmer-Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer-Jones 
Title: Much ado about something: response to Haughton's reply to Duvendack and Palmer-Jones 
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 302-303 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.570938 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439342.2011.570938
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael A. Clemens 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clemens 
Author-Name: Gabriel Demombynes 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Demombynes 
Title: When does rigorous impact evaluation make a difference? The case of the Millennium Villages 
Abstract:
  When is the rigorous impact evaluation of development projects a luxury,
 and when a necessity? The authors study one high-profile case: the
 Millennium Villages Project (MVP), an experimental and intensive package
 intervention to spark sustained local economic development in rural
 Africa. They illustrate the benefits of rigorous impact evaluation in this
 setting by showing that estimates of the project's effects depend heavily
 on the evaluation method. Comparing trends at the MVP intervention sites
 in Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria with trends in the surrounding areas yields
 much more modest estimates of the project's effects than the
 before-versus-after comparisons published thus far by the MVP. Neither
 approach constitutes a rigorous impact evaluation of the MVP, which is
 impossible to perform due to weaknesses in the evaluation design of the
 project's initial phase. These weaknesses include the subjective choice of
 intervention sites, the subjective choice of comparison sites, the lack of
 baseline data on comparison sites, the small sample size, and the short
 time horizon. The authors describe one of many ways that the next wave of
 the intervention could be designed to allow proper evaluation of the MVP's
 impact at little additional cost. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 305-339 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.587017 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.587017 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:305-339




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Yue-May Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Yue-May 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Author-Name: Ajay Mahal 
Author-X-Name-First: Ajay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahal 
Title: What prevents child diarrhoea? The impacts of water supply, toilets, and hand-washing in rural India 
Abstract:
  The authors apply three matching methods to estimate the impacts of water
 supply, toilet, and hand-washing interventions on child diarrhoea in rural
 India. Although propensity-score matching generally retains sample size,
 it can be associated with imbalance in the variables used to estimate
 propensity scores between treated and control groups. In contrast, exact
 matching is balanced over observables between treated and control units,
 but can result in considerable loss of observations. The authors also
 apply a novel &#x2018;coarsened exact matching&#x2019; method that can
 potentially address the problem of sample attrition when matching. Their
 main finding using each of these three methods is that hand-washing, after
 defecating or before eating, significantly reduces prevalence and duration
 of a measure of overall diarrhea as well as acute watery diarrhoea among
 children under age five but not acute dysentery. In contrast, there may
 also be an effect of piped water on acute dysentery but not acute watery
 diarrhoea. Effects of improved water supply or improved toilets on
 different diarrhoeal outcomes are not observed consistently across
 matching methods. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 340-370 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.596941 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.596941 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:340-370




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark O. Heyward 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark O. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heyward 
Author-Name: Robert A. Cannon 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cannon 
Author-Name:  Sarjono 
Author-X-Name-First:  
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarjono 
Title: Implementing school-based management in Indonesia: impact and lessons learned 
Abstract:
  A USAID-funded project in Indonesia aimed to improve management and
 governance of basic education. A mixed-methods, multi-site study found
 that the project had a positive impact on schools and
 <italic>madrasah</italic>. The following factors were found to be
 associated with this impact: the whole school community participated;
 training was in school clusters; training was ongoing and follow-up
 mentoring was provided; working through local systems; basing the
 programme on government policy; providing technical assistance rather than
 funding; the programme was manageable and affordable for local partners;
 and building commitment at provincial and district level. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 371-388 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.568122 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.568122 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:371-388




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob D. van den Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Berg 
Author-Name: David Todd 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Todd 
Title: The full road to impact: the experience of the Global Environment Facility Fourth Overall Performance Study 
Abstract:
  The Evaluation Office of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has
 developed an approach to impact evaluation that aims to go beyond
 causalities and counterfactuals into replication, up-scaling and
 longer-term lasting systemic changes. Starting from the OECD Development
 Assistance Committee glossary definition of impact and building on a
 theory-based approach to evaluation, several methods and tools have been
 developed that cover various aspects of the long road from outcomes to
 impact. This article presents both the development over time of these
 methods and tools and methodological considerations. Two full-scale impact
 evaluations were undertaken: the first on protected areas in Eastern
 Africa and the second on the GEF portfolio of projects supporting the
 removal from production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances in
 countries with economies in transition. In addition several other impact
 studies were undertaken. The evaluations of various aspects of the
 progress from outcome to impact were gathered and as far as possible
 aggregated in the Fourth Overall Performance Study of the GEF, which was
 presented in 2009 to the replenishment process of the GEF. An overview is
 presented of progress toward impact of the GEF portfolio of finished
 projects on climate change mitigation and on stemming the loss of
 biodiversity. The Office will continue to develop and use the variety of
 impact evaluation tools at its disposal. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 389-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.562302 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.562302 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:389-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyn Squire 
Author-X-Name-First: Lyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Squire 
Title: Promoting evidence-based policy: the role of incentives 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 414-419 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.597509 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.597509 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:414-419




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Boswell 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boswell 
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Chengfang Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chengfang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Renfu Luo 
Author-X-Name-First: Renfu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo 
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Title: Conducting influential impact evaluations in China: the experience of the Rural Education Action Project 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 420-430 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.596940 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.596940 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:420-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Santosh Mehrotra 
Author-X-Name-First: Santosh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehrotra 
Title: A comment on Anand P. Gupta's &#x2018;Evaluation of governance: a study of the Government of India's outcome budget&#x2019; 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 431-433 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.582133 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.582133 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:431-433




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Glewwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Glewwe 
Author-Name: Eugenie W. H. Ma&#xEF;ga 
Author-X-Name-First: Eugenie W. H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma&#xEF;ga 
Title: The impacts of school management reforms in Madagascar: do the impacts vary by teacher type? 
Abstract:
  This paper exploits a recently implemented randomised control trial in
 Madagascar that focused on management reforms. It investigates whether the
 impact of the reforms varies by the type of teacher. This is an important
 issue because Madagascar, like many other developing countries, has
 recently hired a large number of contract or temporary teachers, who have
 less training but may be motivated to work harder in order to have their
 contracts renewed. The management reforms did not have any impact on
 student test scores. This lack of an impact holds for all types of
 teachers. It may be that two years is not enough time for the programme to
 have had a measurable impact, but it is also possible that the programme
 is ineffective, at least in the context of Madagascar's educational
 system. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 435-469 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.604729 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.604729 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:4:p:435-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bertha Brice&#xF1;o 
Author-X-Name-First: Bertha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brice&#xF1;o 
Author-Name: Laura Cuesta 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cuesta 
Author-Name: Orazio Attanasio 
Author-X-Name-First: Orazio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Attanasio 
Title: Behind the scenes: experience managing and conducting large impact evaluations in Colombia 
Abstract:
  As more resources are being allocated to impact evaluation of development
 programmes, the need to map out the utilisation and influence of
 evaluations has been increasingly highlighted. This paper aims at filling
 this gap by describing and discussing experiences from four large impact
 evaluations in Colombia on case- study basis. On the basis of learning
 from our prior experience in both managing and conducting impact
 evaluations, desk review of available documentation from the monitoring
 and evaluation system, and structured interviews with government actors,
 evaluators and programme managers, we benchmark each evaluation against 11
 standards of quality. From this benchmarking exercise, we derive five key
 lessons for conducting high-quality and influential impact evaluations:
 investing in preparation of good terms of reference and identification of
 evaluation questions; choosing the best methodological approach to address
 the evaluation questions; adopting mechanisms to ensure evaluation
 quality; laying out the incentives for involved parties in order to foster
 evaluation buy-in; and carrying out a plan for quality dissemination. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 470-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.636485 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.636485 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:4:p:470-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ole Dahl Rasmussen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ole 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahl Rasmussen 
Author-Name: Nikolaj Malchow-M&#xF8;ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaj 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malchow-M&#xF8;ller 
Author-Name: Thomas Barnebeck Andersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnebeck Andersen 
Title: Walking the talk: the need for a trial registry for development interventions 
Abstract:
  Recent advances in the use of randomised control trials to evaluate the
 effect of development interventions promise to enhance our knowledge of
 what works and why. A core argument supporting randomised studies is the
 claim that they have high internal validity. The authors argue that this
 claim is weak as long as a trial registry of development interventions is
 not in place. Without a trial registry, the possibilities for data mining,
 created by analyses of multiple outcomes and subgroups, undermine internal
 validity. Drawing on experience from evidence-based medicine and recent
 examples from microfinance, they argue that a trial registry would also
 enhance external validity and foster innovative research. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 502-519 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.605160 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.605160 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alison Buttenheim 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buttenheim 
Author-Name: Harold Alderman 
Author-X-Name-First: Harold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alderman 
Author-Name: Jed Friedman 
Author-X-Name-First: Jed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedman 
Title: Impact evaluation of school feeding programmes in Lao People's Democratic Republic 
Abstract:
  Despite the popularity and widespread implementation of school feeding
 programmes, evidence of their impact on school participation and
 nutritional status is mixed. In this study we evaluate feeding programmes
 in three districts of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Feeding
 modalities included on-site feeding, take-home rations, and a combined
 modality. District-level implementation of the intervention sites and
 selective take-up presented considerable evaluation challenges. To address
 these, we use difference-in-difference estimators with propensity-score
 weighting to construct plausible counterfactuals. We find minimal evidence
 that school feeding increased enrolment or improved nutritional status.
 Several robustness checks and possible explanations for null findings are
 presented. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 520-542 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.634511 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.634511 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas G. Poder 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poder 
Author-Name: Jie He 
Author-X-Name-First: Jie 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Title: How can sanitary infrastructures reduce child malnutrition and health inequalities? Evidence from Guatemala 
Abstract:
  With the propensity score matching method, we carried out an average
 benefit incidence analysis that helps disclose those who really benefited
 from the sanitary services in Guatemala. Specifically, we tested the role
 of income, maternal education and social capital on how sanitary
 infrastructures affect child health. Results indicated that the child
 health benefits from infrastructure increase (decrease) with the
 household's socio-economic status when the infrastructure is a complement
 (substitute) of the private inputs provided by the household, and that the
 role of the infrastructure (complement or substitute) itself depends on
 the household's socio-economic status. Finally, results revealed that the
 battle against child malnutrition and health inequalities could be
 improved by combining sanitary infrastructure investments with effective
 public promotion of maternal education, social trust, and poverty
 reduction. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 543-566 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.626059 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.626059 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunther Bensch 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunther 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bensch 
Author-Name: Jochen Kluve 
Author-X-Name-First: Jochen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kluve 
Author-Name: J&#xF6;rg Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: J&#xF6;rg 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Title: Impacts of rural electrification in Rwanda 
Abstract:
  Rural electrification is believed to contribute to the achievement of the
 Millennium Development Goals. In this paper, we investigate
 electrification impacts on different indicators. We use household data
 that we collected in Rwanda in villages with and without electricity
 access. We account for self-selection and regional differences by using
 households from the electrified villages to estimate the probability to
 connect for all households -- including those in the non-electrified
 villages. Based on these probabilities we identify counterfactual
 households and find robust evidence for positive effects on lighting
 usage. Effects on income and children's home studying become insignificant
 if regional differences are accounted for. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 567-588 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.621025 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.621025 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anand P. Gupta 
Author-X-Name-First: Anand P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta 
Title: Reply to Santosh Mehrotra's comment on &#x2018;Evaluation of governance: a study of the Government of India's outcome budget&#x2019; 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 589-591 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.636881 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.636881 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:3:y:2011:i:4:p:589-591




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa 
Author-Name: Jenn Yablonski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yablonski 
Title: Evaluating the impact of cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: an introduction to the special issue 
Abstract:
  The conditional cash transfer revolution in Latin America and the
 Caribbean, beginning in the mid-1990s and continuing to this day, heralded
 a new prominence and acceptance of applying rigorous impact evaluations to
 social programmes. Over the last decade, sub-Saharan Africa has begun its
 own cash transfer revolution, and has followed a similar pattern of
 rigorous impact evaluation: in no fewer than 12 countries rigorous impact
 evaluations have been carried out or commissioned on government-run cash
 transfer programmes in the last few years. This paper describes how unique
 characteristics of the sub-Saharan African context both shape the design
 of cash transfer programmes and present special challenges to evaluating
 impact. It introduces the results of five papers in this special issue
 which draw on what could be considered the first generation of cash
 transfer impact evaluations in the region. It then highlights the new
 research questions currently being covered by the second generation of
 impact evaluations, including HIV risk (sexual debut, partner
 characteristics, perceptions about peer behaviour, marriage, and
 pregnancy), psycho-social status and mental health, conditionality (both
 explicit and implicit), and the contribution of cash transfers to economic
 growth (household level production decisions, local economy effects and
 attitudes towards risk). 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-8 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.659024 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.659024 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  The Kenya CT-OVC Evaluation Team 
Author-X-Name-First:  
Author-X-Name-Last: The Kenya CT-OVC Evaluation Team 
Title: The impact of the Kenya Cash Transfer Program for Orphans and Vulnerable Children on household spending 
Abstract:
  The Kenya Cash Transfer Program for Orphans and Vulnerable Children
 (CT-OVC) is the government's flagship social protection programme,
 reaching over 130,000 households and 260,000 orphans and vulnerable
 children across the country as of late 2011. The objective of this paper
 is to investigate whether the CT-OVC has changed the preferences of
 households in terms of their consumption behaviour. We compare standard
 difference-in-differences programme effects with ex-ante expected effects
 given baseline expenditure elasticities. As a result of the programme,
 participating households had significantly higher expenditures than
 control households on food, health, and clothing and significantly less
 spending on alcohol and tobacco. Programme impacts were also seen on
 spending in four of seven food groups. To test whether the programme
 simply moves households along their total expenditure Engel curve or in
 fact shifts that curve, we compare ex-ante expected behaviours with the
 ex-post actual response of households to the programme. We find in fact
 that in about one-half of the consumption categories ex-ante predicted and
 ex-post actual effects are significantly different, implying that
 preferences may have changed among programme recipients. We then directly
 test whether the programme has induced significant changes in expenditure
 elasticities (as implied by their associated marginal propensities to
 consume) and find evidence of this for alcohol and tobacco, and to a
 lesser extent for food, health and transportation and communication. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 9-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.653980 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.653980 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  The Kenya CT-OVC Evaluation Team 
Author-X-Name-First:  
Author-X-Name-Last: The Kenya CT-OVC Evaluation Team 
Title: The impact of Kenya's Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children on human capital 
Abstract:
  Kenya's Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CT-OVC) is a
 national child-protection programme that provides a flat monthly transfer
 of Ksh 1500 to ultra-poor families with orphans and vulnerable children
 aged 17 years and younger. A cluster randomised social experiment was
 conducted in 2007--2009 to evaluate the impact of this programme. We use
 these data to provide an in-depth analysis of the effects of the programme
 on children's human capital development. Because basic schooling is free
 in Kenya and enrolment rates are relatively high, the scope of an
 unconditional programme such as the CT-OVC may be small. We use data from
 the evaluation baseline as well as national survey data to make ex-ante
 predictions about where the programme is most likely to have a big impact.
 We compare these predictions with actual programme impacts as a way of
 assessing whether the programme has had the expected impact on children's
 human capital development given the institutional environment. We find
 that the programme has had an impact on the margins we would expect, and
 the size of the impact on secondary school enrolment of this unconditional
 programme is comparable with those from conditional programmes in other
 parts of the world. The ex-ante analysis is crucial to understanding where
 to look to appropriately assess the impact of the programme. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 38-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.653578 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.653578 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katia Covarrubias 
Author-X-Name-First: Katia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Covarrubias 
Author-Name: Benjamin Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Author-Name: Paul Winters 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winters 
Title: From protection to production: productive impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer scheme 
Abstract:
  The Malawi Social Cash Transfer (SCT) scheme is part of a wave of social
 protection programmes providing cash to poor households in order to reduce
 poverty and hunger and promote child education and health. This paper
 looks beyond the protective function of such programmes, analysing their
 productive impacts. Taking advantage of an experimental impact evaluation
 design, we find the SCT generates agricultural asset investments, reduces
 adult participation in low skilled labour, and limits child labour outside
 the home while increasing child involvement in household farm activities.
 The paper dispels the notion that cash support to ultra poor households in
 Malawi is charity or welfare, and provides evidence of its economic
 development impacts.<fn id="N1008F"> Disclaimer: The views expressed in
 the Work are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
 views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
 </fn>	
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 50-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.641995 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.641995 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa 
Author-Name: Carolyn Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Nicola Hypher 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hypher 
Author-Name: Clarissa Teixeira 
Author-X-Name-First: Clarissa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Teixeira 
Author-Name: Fabio V. Soares 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Soares 
Author-Name: Benjamin Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Title: Targeting effectiveness of social cash transfer programmes in three African countries 
Abstract:
  Social transfers are increasingly seen as a key tool in east and southern
 Africa for combating the triple threat of chronic poverty, hunger and HIV.
 In designing programmes, targeting has emerged as a contentious issue in
 the region. Compared with other regions, programmes in sub-Saharan Africa
 have been characterised by multiple targeting methodologies, including a
 substantial role of the community in identifying and prioritising
 beneficiaries. To help better understand some of the different targeting
 approaches in the region and their effectiveness, this paper examines cash
 transfer programmes in Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. The paper finds that
 targeting in the three programmes is effective in reaching the poorest
 households. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 78-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.641994 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.641994 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mateusz Filipski 
Author-X-Name-First: Mateusz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Filipski 
Author-Name: J. Edward Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: J. Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Title: A simulation impact evaluation of rural income transfers in Malawi and Ghana 
Abstract:
  We use a disaggregated rural economy-wide modelling framework to simulate
 and compare the impacts of an input subsidy, cash transfer, and output
 price support on production and welfare in rural Malawi and Ghana.
 Household groups in the models are defined by their eligibility for
 current transfers. Simulations are calibrated to official government
 spending. No intervention appears as unequivocally superior. The impacts
 and efficiency of each transfer mechanism are shaped by the structure of
 the economy, market conditions, and programme design. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 109-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.649542 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.649542 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Title: Conditional versus unconditional cash: a commentary 
Abstract:
  To condition or not to condition; that is a question that preoccupies
 social protection experts and policy-makers alike, and one that divides
 rights-based camps from the incentives-based ones. This commentary argues
 that this debate may be a red herring. The line between conditional and
 unconditional (or social) cash transfer programmes is blurred at best.
 Both conditions and the &#x2018;no-strings-attached&#x2019; version need
 to be communicated and perceived as such by programme implementers and
 beneficiaries for the programme to be interpreted as being one or the
 other. A key distinction found between the cash transfer programmes in
 Latin America, mostly conditioned, and those in Africa, mostly
 unconditioned, is the incorporation in the latter of a substantial role
 for the community in the overall selection of the beneficiaries. The
 commentary argues that an interesting area for further research would be
 to look at how this community participation leads to explicit or implicit
 peer monitoring, and thereby acts in a similar way as a condition does. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 130-133 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.658635 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.658635 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Shaffer 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaffer 
Title: Beneath the &#x2018;methods debate&#x2019; in impact assessment: baring assumptions of a mixed methods impact assessment in Vietnam 
Abstract:
  The past decade has seen renewed interest in the use of mixed-method
 approaches across the social sciences and in the field of impact
 assessment. This body of work has focused on questions of method with
 insufficient attention devoted to foundational issues. The objective of
 the present article is to bare the foundational concepts that guided a
 mixed-method impact assessment of the Hunger Eradication and Poverty
 Reduction (HEPR) programme in Vietnam. Specifically, it shows how the
 applied methods used in the HEPR study rested on foundational differences
 concerning: conceptions of causation and models of causal inferences
 (probabilities versus mechanisms); analytical focus (outcomes versus
 processes) and external validity (empirical generalisation versus
 statistical inference); and constituents of &#x2018;objective&#x2019;
 knowledge (intersubjective observables versus perceptual data). 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 134-150 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.639456 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.639456 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zohra S. Lassi 
Author-X-Name-First: Zohra S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lassi 
Author-Name: Batool A. Haider 
Author-X-Name-First: Batool A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haider 
Author-Name: Zulfiqar A. Bhutta 
Author-X-Name-First: Zulfiqar A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhutta 
Title: Community-based intervention packages for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality and improving neonatal outcomes-super-1  
Abstract:
  A large proportion of maternal and newborn deaths and diseases can be
 addressed by developing a community-based approach to improved maternal
 care during pregnancy, delivery and after delivery, as well as care of the
 newborn. A systematic review found 27 experimental and non-experimental
 trials evaluating the health impacts of community-based intervention
 packages, in which health workers received additional training in maternal
 and newborn care. Women in areas assigned to receive a community-based
 intervention package had fewer illnesses and complications during
 pregnancy and birth, and their babies were more likely to survive.
 Referrals rates to health facilities for pregnancy-related complications
 and initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth also improved.
 This review offers encouraging evidence of the value of integrating
 maternal and newborn care in community settings through a range of
 strategies, many of which can be packaged effectively for delivery through
 community health workers. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 151-187 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.655911 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.655911 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick J. McEwan 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: McEwan 
Title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of education and health interventions in developing countries 
Abstract:
  High-quality impact evaluations, including randomised experiments, are
 increasingly popular, but cannot always inform resource allocation
 decisions unless the costs of interventions are considered alongside their
 effects. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a straightforward but
 under-utilised tool for determining which of two or more interventions
 provides a (non-pecuniary) unit of effect at least cost. This paper
 reviews the framework and methods of cost-effectiveness analysis,
 emphasising education and health interventions, and discusses how the
 methods are currently applied in the literature. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 189-213 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.649044 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.649044 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalie Chun 
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chun 
Author-Name: Makiko Watanabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Makiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watanabe 
Title: Can skill diversification improve welfare in rural areas? Evidence from Bhutan 
Abstract:
  Income growth in rural areas is a considerable challenge to further
 poverty reduction and economic development. Using a survey of rural
 Bhutanese households, we investigate the impacts of a vocational skills
 training programme that was intended to diversify incomes outside
 agriculture. We find that the programme had limited positive impacts along
 various economic and psychosocial dimensions, but that it diversified
 household incomes into the basic construction skill areas that it
 provided. Notably, the programme did raise incomes for trainees in
 non-competitive labour markets where trainees accounted for only a small
 percentage of the overall population. The results and findings from
 qualitative assessments suggest that: a greater emphasis on creating a
 mechanism to connect the training programme with income-generating
 opportunities via job placement services, entrepreneurship or mentoring
 services is needed -- especially in competitive labour markets where there
 are too many trainees in relation to the population; refining the
 curriculum and extending the training time to allow trainees to develop
 their skills may be important; and encouraging greater equality in the
 skill development process may require providing more female-friendly
 training that has flexibility in training time and venues and focuses on
 other skill areas. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 214-234 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.674965 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.674965 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mulubrhan Amare 
Author-X-Name-First: Mulubrhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amare 
Author-Name: Solomon Asfaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Solomon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Asfaw 
Title: Poverty reduction impact of food aid in rural Ethiopia 
Abstract:
  This paper evaluates the impact of food aid (food-for-work and free food
 distribution) on rural poverty in Ethiopia. Using household panel survey
 data, we estimate causal impacts using difference-in-difference matching
 methods and endogenous switching regression. We find that while
 participation in both types of food aid programmes reduces the incidence
 of poverty, their impact is not equal. Participation in food-for-work did
 not contribute to reducing the poverty gap and distribution among the
 poor, while free food distribution is effective in reducing all poverty
 measures. Results also show a heterogeneous impact of food aid on poverty
 across gender. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 235-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.674966 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.674966 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wameq A. Raza 
Author-X-Name-First: Wameq A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raza 
Author-Name: Narayan C. Das 
Author-X-Name-First: Narayan C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Das 
Author-Name: Farzana A. Misha 
Author-X-Name-First: Farzana A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Misha 
Title: Can ultra-poverty be sustainably improved? Evidence from BRAC in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
  With more than one-fifth of Bangladesh's population living in extreme
 poverty, surmounting it still remains a substantial predicament for
 development practitioners. To combat this issue, BRAC initiated the
 multifaceted Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction programme with
 a grant-based approach, reinforcing its efficacy with background services
 such as health and social development. Using propensity score matching,
 this paper analyses a three-round panel dataset (2002--2005--2008) to
 evaluate the impacts of the programme. We find that Challenging the
 Frontiers of Poverty Reduction is successfully able to increase the
 per-capita income, the productive asset bases and the overall food
 security of its participants in the long run. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 257-276 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.686046 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.686046 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:2:p:257-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nidhi Khattri 
Author-X-Name-First: Nidhi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khattri 
Author-Name: Cristina Ling 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling 
Author-Name: Shreyasi Jha 
Author-X-Name-First: Shreyasi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jha 
Title: The effects of school-based management in the Philippines: an initial assessment using administrative data 
Abstract:
  This paper estimates the effect of school-based management on student
 performance in the Philippines using the administrative dataset of all
 public schools in 23 school districts over a three-year period,
 2003--2005. The authors test whether schools that received early
 school-based management interventions (training in school-based management
 and direct funding for school-based reforms, based on school improvement
 plans) attained higher average test scores than those that did not receive
 such inputs. The analysis uses school-level overall composite test scores
 (comprising all subject areas tested) and test scores in three separate
 subject areas: English, mathematics, and science. Their preferred
 estimator, difference-in-difference with propensity score matching, shows
 that the average treatment effect of participation in school-based
 management was higher by 1.5 percentage points for overall composite
 scores, 1.2 percentage points for mathematics scores, 1.4 percentage
 points for English scores, and 1.8 percentage points for science scores.
 These results suggest that the introduction of school-based management had
 a statistically significant, albeit small, overall positive effect on
 average school-level test scores in 23 school districts in the
 Philippines. The paper provides a first glimpse of the potential for
 school-based management in a Southeast Asian context based on available
 administrative data. The authors suggest that the next order of research
 is to answer policy-related questions regarding the reforms: what aspects
 of the reform lead to desired results; are there differential effects
 across subpopulations; and what are the potential downsides to the
 reforms? The authors recommend that countries embarking on implementation
 of school-based management reforms specify their school-based management
 model and theories of change clearly and advance mechanisms for rigorous
 evaluations simultaneously. Such evaluations should not only provide more
 accurate estimates of the effectiveness of the reforms, but also help
 answer policy-related questions regarding design and implementation of
 those reforms in different sociocultural contexts. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 277-295 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.692389 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.692389 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georgios Tsopanakis 
Author-X-Name-First: Georgios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsopanakis 
Title: Japan International Co-operation Agency's In-Service Training Project: innovative or d�j&#xE0;-vu? A qualitative evaluation of the In-Service Training Project in Ghana 
Abstract:
  This paper qualitatively evaluates the In-Service Training Project
 (INSET) of the Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) in two pilot
 districts of Ghana. Particular attention is drawn to the
 &#x2018;effectiveness&#x2019; of the project: the quality of co-operation
 among the various project partners before, during and after the
 implementation of the project; the specific skills that the project
 aspired to transfer to the local participants; and the socio-economic
 sustainability of INSET in the pilot districts. The evaluation of the
 project reveals the contradictions and challenges with which JICA's
 project is confronted and suggests that while the Japanese development
 discourse has moved to adopt significant elements of the current western
 donor rhetoric, its development practice largely relates to the common
 pitfalls of the ineffective, western, aid initiatives of the past. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 296-313 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.673503 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.673503 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:2:p:296-313




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanguy Bernard 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanguy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernard 
Author-Name: Jocelyne Delarue 
Author-X-Name-First: Jocelyne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Delarue 
Author-Name: Jean-David Naudet 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naudet 
Title: Impact evaluations: a tool for accountability? Lessons from experience at Agence Fran&#xE7;aise de D�veloppement 
Abstract:
  This paper relates the Agence Fran&#xE7;aise de D�veloppement's
 experience with respect to impact evaluations. Our purpose is to assess
 the extent to which such studies, when designed before an actual programme
 implementation, can provide the type of summative evidence that donors
 often seek for when commissioning such studies towards accountability
 purpose. Specifically, we rely on three large-scale randomised control
 trials, and scrutinise their capacity to answer questions related to the
 programme's impact: does the evaluated intervention correspond to the
 programme's typical implementation conditions? Is the intervention's
 impact evaluated on the programme's typical beneficiaries? Can the impact
 evaluation assess the programme's fulfilment of its stated objectives? We
 conclude that experimental studies should be promoted to answer the type
 of &#x2018;tunnel&#x2019; questions characterised by a limited number of
 well-specified homogeneous inputs, a tried and tested process, a short and
 external events-proof causal chain, a large and stable participation, and
 a set of measurable outcomes in the short run. While a number of such
 questions exist and are very much worth studying experimentally to inform
 future development policies, few development interventions themselves
 satisfy these requirements, and impact evaluations are thus limited in
 their capacity to provide summative assessment of impact for donors'
 accountability use. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 314-327 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.686047 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.686047 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:2:p:314-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul N. Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Title: Impact assessment as knowledge generation and learning: operational challenges in faith-based non-governmental organisations 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the potential role of impact assessment as a learning
 opportunity in faith-based development organisations. Using the case of
 TDO, a faith-based relief and development organisation, the dual criteria
 of assessment and learning are applied to TDO's evaluation culture.
 Information triangulation reveals the internal and external challenges
 confronted by transformational development organisations in their
 learning. Philosophical, emotional, and leadership tensions may represent
 a greater challenge to assessment and learning than the traditional
 obstacles of time, money, and data. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 328-349 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.658430 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.658430 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:2:p:328-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Title: Why do we care about evidence synthesis? An introduction to the special issue on systematic reviews 
Abstract:
  Systematic reviews are currently in high demand in international
 development. At least 100 new reviews are ongoing or already completed on
 a range of topics across the board in international development, many of
 which were commissioned by policy-making agencies. These new reviews need
 to be based on answerable questions, using methods of analysis and
 reporting which are appropriate for social and economic development
 programmes and relevant to users. This introductory paper lays out why we
 believe systematic reviews should be an important component of
 evidence-informed development policy and practice. It concludes by
 introducing the papers collected in this issue, which aim to demonstrate
 how reviews can be made to live up to the promises generated around them. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 351-358 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.711343 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.711343 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:351-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Author-Name: Jorge Garcia Hombrados 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Garcia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hombrados 
Author-Name: Martina Vojtkova 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojtkova 
Author-Name: Philip Davies 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies 
Author-Name: Ami Bhavsar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ami 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhavsar 
Author-Name: John Eyers 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eyers 
Author-Name: Tracey Perez Koehlmoos 
Author-X-Name-First: Tracey Perez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koehlmoos 
Author-Name: Mark Petticrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petticrew 
Author-Name: Jeffrey C. Valentine 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valentine 
Author-Name: Peter Tugwell 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tugwell 
Title: How to do a good systematic review of effects in international development: a tool kit 
Abstract:
  We provide a &#x2018;how to&#x2019; guide to undertake systematic reviews
 of effects in international development, by which we mean, synthesis of
 literature relating to the effectiveness of particular development
 interventions. Our remit includes determining the review's questions and
 scope, literature search, critical appraisal, methods of synthesis
 including meta-analysis, and assessing the extent to which generalisable
 conclusions can be drawn using a theory-based approach. Our work draws on
 the experiences of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation's
 (3ie's) systematic reviews programme. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 359-387 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.711765 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.711765 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:359-387




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Title: Systematic reviews: from &#x2018;bare bones&#x2019; reviews to policy relevance 
Abstract:
  Theory-based systematic reviews, which summarise evidence on what works,
 when and why, strive for greater policy relevance. Reviews that answer
 these questions adopt a mixed methods approach and draw on a range of
 study types. Answering the &#x2018;what works&#x2019; and &#x2018;what
 doesn't&#x2019; questions means drawing on effectiveness studies,
 conducted to standards of high-quality impact evaluation. But in
 formulating answers to the &#x2018;when&#x2019; and &#x2018;why&#x2019;
 questions requires a broader range of evidence from both quantitative and
 qualitative research. Based on a review of the methodological literature
 in this field and the experience of 3ie's systematic reviews program, this
 article provides an outline of how a theory-based approach to systematic
 reviews, including appropriate quantitative and qualitative evidence, can
 be operationalised. We propose an approach based on three principles: (1)
 develop a program theory for the intervention; (2) adopt a mixed methods
 approach and include a broader range of evidence; and (3) maintain the
 rigour and transparency that characterise systematic reviews. The approach
 translates into two broad options. Effectiveness plus reviews focus on
 providing a detailed causal chain analysis by drawing on a program theory
 and additional data collection on context and intervention implementation.
 And effectiveness plus with a parallel review component, which is designed
 to answer specific research questions related to effectiveness, adopts
 separate inclusion criteria, reflecting the type of studies appropriate
 for answering those questions. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 388-408 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.709875 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.709875 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:388-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Birte Snilstveit 
Author-X-Name-First: Birte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snilstveit 
Author-Name: Sandy Oliver 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oliver 
Author-Name: Martina Vojtkova 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojtkova 
Title: Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for international development policy and practice 
Abstract:
  Thus far, most systematic reviews commissioned to inform international
 development policy have focused on questions of &#x2018;what
 works&#x2019;, drawing on experimental and quasi-experimental studies of
 the effects of interventions. This article argues that systematic review
 methods can be applied to answer a range of different questions for
 international development and pays particular attention to methods of
 synthesising qualitative evidence that apply the key principles of
 systematic reviewing of being comprehensive, systematic and transparent.
 The article introduces readers to the types of questions for which reviews
 of qualitative evidence might be appropriate, the types of evidence such
 reviews might include and the range of methods available for their
 synthesis. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 409-429 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.710641 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.710641 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:409-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart 
Author-Name: Carina van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Carina 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: Thea de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Thea 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Title: Purity or pragmatism? Reflecting on the use of systematic review methodology in development 
Abstract:
  Systematic review methodology pioneered in health care has been
 increasingly applied to development questions of importance in lower- and
 middle-income countries. This paper reports one such review on the topic
 of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa and reflects on the number of
 pragmatic methodological compromises made when applying the method to a
 new field. These compromises relate to multidisciplinary teamwork,
 application of regional filters, drawing on evidence from additional study
 types and exploring mechanisms for change through the development and
 testing of a causal pathway. The paper concludes that a pragmatic rigorous
 approach to systematically reviewing evidence of effectiveness is needed
 for international development. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 430-444 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.711341 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.711341 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Mallett 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mallett 
Author-Name: Jessica Hagen-Zanker 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hagen-Zanker 
Author-Name: Rachel Slater 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Slater 
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Title: The benefits and challenges of using systematic reviews in international development research 
Abstract:
  Although first applied in the medical sciences in the 1970s, systematic
 reviews have been recently, and increasingly, used in the field of
 international development to examine the impacts of a range of development
 and humanitarian interventions. However, to date, there has been only
 limited critical reflection on their application within this field.
 Drawing on the authors' first-hand experiences of conducting eight
 systematic reviews, this article reflects upon the use of systematic
 reviews in international development research. It is concluded that
 although using systematic review principles can help researchers improve
 the rigour and breadth of literature reviews, conducting a full systematic
 review is a resource-intensive process which involves a number of
 practical challenges. Further, it raises a series of fundamental concerns
 for those working in international development, as well as the social
 sciences more broadly. Ultimately, systematic reviews should be viewed as
 a means to finding a robust and sensible answer to a focused research
 question, but not as an end in themselves. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 445-455 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.711342 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.711342 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:445-455




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Author-Name: Jorge Garcia Hombrados 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Garcia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hombrados 
Author-Name: Richard Palmer-Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer-Jones 
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Title: Assessing &#x2018;what works&#x2019; in international development: meta-analysis for sophisticated dummies 
Abstract:
  Many studies of development interventions are individually unable to
 provide convincing conclusions because of low statistical significance,
 small size, limited geographical purview and so forth. Systematic reviews
 and meta-analysis are forms of research synthesis that combine studies of
 adequate methodological quality to produce more convincing conclusions. In
 the social sciences, study designs, types of analysis and methodological
 quality vary tremendously. Combining these studies for meta-analysis
 entails more demanding risk of bias assessments to ensure that only
 studies with largely appropriate methodological characteristics are
 included, and sensitivity analysis should be performed. In this article,
 we discuss assessing risk of bias and meta-analysis using such diverse
 studies. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 456-471 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.710642 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.710642 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:456-471




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jef L. Leroy 
Author-X-Name-First: Jef L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leroy 
Author-Name: Paola Gadsden 
Author-X-Name-First: Paola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gadsden 
Author-Name: Maite Guijarro 
Author-X-Name-First: Maite 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guijarro 
Title: The impact of daycare programmes on child health, nutrition and development in developing countries: a systematic review 
Abstract:
  The authors conducted a systematic review of impact evaluations of
 daycare interventions on the health, nutrition and development of children
 under five in low-income and middle-income countries. The review was
 limited to intervention studies controlling for potential self-selection
 of beneficiaries. Papers were excluded based on study scope, type and
 quality. Only six studies (conducted in Latin America) met the inclusion
 criteria. Large positive effects on child development were found. Because
 of the limited evidence, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the impact
 on child health and nutrition. More rigorously conducted studies on the
 impact of daycare programmes in developing countries are needed. 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 472-496 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2011.639457 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2011.639457 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:472-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eberechukwu Uneze 
Author-X-Name-First: Eberechukwu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uneze 
Author-Name: Ibrahim Tajudeen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tajudeen 
Author-Name: Ola Iweala 
Author-X-Name-First: Ola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iweala 
Title: Cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses of some water interventions in Nigeria: the case of Bauchi State 
Abstract:
	      This study presents a cost-effectiveness analysis and a
 benefit-cost analysis (BCA) of water interventions in Bauchi State,
 Nigeria, with particular emphasis on pipeline and borehole (hand pump)
 water supply programmes. The cost-effectiveness ratios show that the
 borehole water programme is more cost-effective than the pipeline water
 programme. The results of the BCA show that both programmes are
 beneficial, although borehole water supply has a higher benefit-cost
 ratio. On the whole, the results of the cost-effectiveness and
 benefit-cost analyses suggest that the borehole water scheme is more
 efficient and sustainable.	     
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 497-514 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.716075 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.716075 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:4:p:497-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iqbal Dhaliwal 
Author-X-Name-First: Iqbal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhaliwal 
Author-Name: Caitlin Tulloch 
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tulloch 
Title: From research to policy: using evidence from impact evaluations to inform development policy 
Abstract:
	      Recent years have seen a tremendous growth in impact
 evaluations of development policies, and an increasing trend towards
 considering rigorous evidence while making policy decisions. But there is
 much greater scope for incorporating results from impact evaluations into
 policy decisions, even in the presence of political and administrative
 constraints. We discuss how evidence is currently incorporated into
 policymaking, the constraints on greater adoption of evidence-based
 policy, and suggest specific ways that stronger policy-research
 partnerships can help overcome these constraints. Recognising that there
 are many different channels to influence policy, we provide examples from
 the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab's (J-PAL's) policy outreach work
 in the hope that this paper can help in greater sharing of best practices
 from the impact evaluation field on how best to use evidence to inform
 policy.	  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 515-536 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.716857 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.716857 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:4:p:515-536




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Tobias Lechtenfeld 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lechtenfeld 
Author-Name: Kristina Meier 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meier 
Author-Name: Johannes Rieckmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rieckmann 
Title: Benefits trickling away: the health impact of extending access to piped water and sanitation in urban Yemen 
Abstract:
	      This article investigates the impact of extending piped water
 supply and sanitation on health outcomes in urban Yemen using a
 combination of quasi-experimental methods and results from microbiological
 water tests. Variations in project roll-out allow separate identification
 of water and sanitation impacts. The results indicate that access to piped
 water supply worsens health outcomes when water rationing is frequent,
 which appears to be linked to the build-up of pollution in the network.
 When water supply is continuous no clear health benefits are found
 compared to traditional urban water supply through water vendors, but
 connections to piped sewers can then lead to health improvements. The
 findings suggest that investments in piped water supply should not be made
 when reliability of water cannot be guaranteed.	  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 537-565 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.720995 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.720995 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:4:y:2012:i:4:p:537-565




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bridget Fenn 
Author-X-Name-First: Bridget 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fenn 
Title: Impact evaluation in field settings: experience from a complex NGO programme in Ethiopia 
Abstract:
	      Evidence from impact evaluations of community-based nutrition
 interventions addressing the question of 'what works' to reduce linear
 growth retardation (stunting) is growing but consensus is mixed. Whilst
 the number of such impact evaluations is increasing, especially by
 non-governmental organisations, many studies fail to be publicised due to
 unclear and/or limited positive outcomes, denying experiences of lessons
 learnt. Those that are published need to be scrutinised to understand the
 methods used in deciding the validity of the reported outcomes, since
 impact evaluations in operation settings can suffer a number of
 limitations. The author uses as an example an integrated community-based
 non-randomised controlled impact evaluation to highlight some of the
 problems and issues encountered in carrying out impact evaluations in
 operational settings and how results need careful interpretation. In this
 Save the Children UK study, the only intervention to show a positive
 significant impact in reducing linear growth retardation (stunting) in
 children 6-36 months was water, sanitation and hygiene. A comprehensive
 analysis of the nature, reliability and robustness of the study was
 necessary to determine the validity of the results. This article looks at
 the important factors that may have been influential in these outcomes,
 including key issues generally faced in impact evaluations that threaten
 both the external and internal validity through bias, confounding,
 contamination and spillover effects as well as implementation problems
 encountered. The main issues in this evaluation were lack of randomisation
 and power, alongside implementation issues, resulting in potential
 confounding and bias possibly producing spurious results. Agencies
 involved in community-based impact evaluations should engage in robust
 methods and systematic reporting to create a stronger evidence base and as
 such be prepared to increase the transparency of their work.	       
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 566-577 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 4 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.725085 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.725085 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Ravallion 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ravallion 
Title: Knowledgeable bankers? The demand for research in World Bank operations 
Abstract:
	      Development impact calls for knowledgeable development
 practitioners. How then do the operational staff of the largest
 development agency value and use its own research? Is there an incentive
 to learn and does it translate into useful knowledge? A new survey reveals
 that the bulk of the World Bank's senior staff value the Bank's research
 for their work, and most come to know it well, although a sizable minority
 have difficulty accessing research to serve their needs. Another group
 sees little value to research for their work and does not bother to find
 out about it. Higher perceived value is reflected in greater knowledge
 about research, though there are frictions in this process. Staff working
 on poverty, human development and economic policy tend to value and use
 Bank research more than staff in the more traditional sectors of Bank
 lending - agriculture and rural development, Energy and Mining (EM),
 transport and urban development; the latter sectors account for 45% of
 lending but only 15% of staff are highly familiar with Bank research.
 Without stronger incentives for learning and more relevant and accessible
 research products, it appears likely that this lag in demand for research
 by the traditional sectors will persist.	   
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.763283 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.763283 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: An introduction to the use of randomised control trials to evaluate development interventions 
Abstract:
	      Randomised control trials (RCTs) analyse what difference a
 programme makes through comparing those in the programme to a control
 group who do not receive it. Random assignment to the project and control
 groups overcomes selection bias which will otherwise occur from programme
 placement or self-selection. Conducting an RCT requires decisions
 regarding the unit of assignment, the number of 'treatment arms' and what,
 if anything, will be provided to the control group and when. A variety of
 RCT designs are available, including encouragement designs, raised
 threshold designs, randomising across the pipeline, and factorial designs,
 which are decided upon according to the intervention and the evaluation
 question. This article also addresses criticisms of RCTs, which are mostly
 argued to rest on misunderstandings of the approach.	       
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 30-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.764652 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.764652 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset 
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset 
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Penelope Beynon 
Author-X-Name-First: Penelope 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beynon 
Author-Name: Christelle Chapoy 
Author-X-Name-First: Christelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapoy 
Title: What is the impact of a policy brief? Results of an experiment in research dissemination 
Abstract:
	      Despite the popularity of policy briefs as a tool for
 disseminating research, there is no evidence of their effectiveness in
 changing people's beliefs. We conducted an experiment whereby readers of a
 policy brief were randomly assigned to different versions of the brief and
 to a control group. We collected data on opinions and knowledge regarding
 the impact of agricultural interventions before and after reading a brief
 disseminating the conclusions of a systematic review. We found that the
 brief helped some readers to form an opinion, but we found no evidence of
 a change in prior beliefs. We recommend that more trials and laboratory
 experiments should be conducted to assess the efficacy of policy briefs
 and attitudes to evidence-based policy-making. 	 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 50-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.759257 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.759257 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandro Maffioli 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maffioli 
Author-Name: Diego Ubfal 
Author-X-Name-First: Diego 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ubfal 
Author-Name: Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare 
Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vazquez-Bare 
Author-Name: Pedro Cerdan-Infantes 
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cerdan-Infantes 
Title: Improving technology adoption in agriculture through extension services: evidence from Uruguay 
Abstract:
	      This article evaluates whether cost-sharing public
 interventions are successful in promoting agricultural technology uptake
 by small and medium farmers, and whether these changes can affect yields.
 Our article contributes to the debate by providing empirical evidence,
 which is scarce in the literature, from a programme offering extension
 services to fruit producers in Uruguay. Using a unique panel data set, we
 estimate a fixed effects model for the impact of extension services on
 technology adoption and yields. We find evidence that the programme
 increased density of plantation. Once we address small sample issues, we
 also find some evidence of impact on the adoption of improved varieties.
 However, we find no evidence of impact on yields for the period under
 study. Although this lack of effects on yields could be due to the limited
 time frame of the evaluation and does not rule out effects on other
 measures of productivity, it may also indicate that the practices promoted
 by the programme are insufficient to induce a detectable impact on
 productivity and, consequently, sustainable benefits for the farmers. The
 study, therefore, confirms the need of including the design of impact
 evaluations in the policy design in order to properly consider the timing
 of all the potential effects and produce conclusive findings and precise
 recommendations.	   
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 64-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.764917 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.764917 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lora Iannotti 
Author-X-Name-First: Lora 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iannotti 
Author-Name: Ellen Muehlhoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muehlhoff 
Author-Name: Deirdre Mcmahon 
Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcmahon 
Title: Review of milk and dairy programmes affecting nutrition 
Abstract:
	      This review examined milk programmes affecting nutrition in
 developing countries through multiple pathways. Four programme typologies
 were identified: dairy production and agriculture, school-based, fortified
 milk and milk powder and blended foods. Evidence was rated by inference
 level with plus signs indicating positive design features: probability
 (1), plausibility (2) and adequacy (3). Six of the 24 studies were rated
 1, demonstrating a causal link between milk intervention and nutrition
 outcome. High-quality evaluations and cost-effectiveness analyses are
 needed. Milk programming that capitalises on its nutritional advantages,
 positive public perception and complementary poverty reduction strategies
 shows potential for improving nutrition globally.	    
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 82-115 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.758165 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.758165 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:82-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James C. Hanson 
Author-X-Name-First: James C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson 
Author-Name: Kenneth L. Leonard 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leonard 
Author-Name: Timothy Essam 
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Essam 
Title: Listening while evaluating: examining the benefit of an NGO programme using season extenders (greenhouses) in Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Abstract:
	      This article evaluates the impact of a non-governmental
 organisation (NGO)-implemented programme in Bosnia-Herzegovina as a case
 study for evaluating small highly focused NGO programmes, particularly in
 agriculture. Through the analysis of household-level data, we demonstrate
 that season-extending greenhouses significantly increased agricultural
 incomes of beneficiaries, with the greatest income gains occurring after 2
 to 3 years into the programme. The benefit of the season extenders comes
 from extending the marketing lessons learned from crops inside the
 greenhouse to crops outside of the greenhouse. Evaluating the lessons
 learned requires that we address two common problems in evaluation - lack
 of an untreated counterfactual group and long-term nonlinear benefits.     
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 116-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2012.761263 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2012.761263 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset 
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset 
Author-Name: Arnab Acharya 
Author-X-Name-First: Arnab 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya 
Author-Name: Chris Barnett 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett 
Author-Name: Tony Dogbe 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dogbe 
Title: An impact evaluation design for the Millennium Villages Project in Northern Ghana 
Abstract:
	      This article details the design of an impact evaluation of
 the Millennium Villages Project in Northern Ghana. The evaluation is
 particularly challenging because the intervention cannot be randomised; it
 is clustered in a group of homogeneous communities and likely to generate
 spill-over effects. We propose a difference-in-differences design
 selecting control communities based on a propensity score and collecting
 five rounds of yearly data. We address a number of evaluation questions in
 relation to testing the breaking of the poverty trap, assessing project
 externalities, the role of qualitative research, cost-effectiveness and
 project synergies, sustainability and scalability in the presence of scale
 economies.	     
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 137-157 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.790914 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.790914 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Pablo Guti�rrez 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Pablo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guti�rrez 
Author-Name: Erika E. Atienzo 
Author-X-Name-First: Erika E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atienzo 
Author-Name: Stefano M. Bertozzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bertozzi 
Author-Name: Sam McPherson 
Author-X-Name-First: Sam 
Author-X-Name-Last: McPherson 
Title: Effects of the Frontiers Prevention Project in Ecuador on sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted infections amongst men who have sex with men and female sex workers: challenges on evaluating complex interventions 
Abstract:
	      In this study, the authors evaluate the impact of the
 Frontiers Prevention Project (FPP), a community-based strategy for HIV
 prevention amongst female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men
 (MSM) in Ecuador. The FPP impact evaluation methodology consisted of a
 community trial with randomised intervention/comparison assignment and
 pre-post surveys in six cities in Ecuador (2003-2007). The results suggest
 prevention strategies involving key populations in their design and
 implementation can contribute to abating risk behaviours in Ecuador.
 However, the FPP experience also shows that implementing and evaluating
 large-scale HIV prevention programmes still present important challenges.  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 158-177 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.780088 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.780088 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:158-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theresa Beltramo 
Author-X-Name-First: Theresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltramo 
Author-Name: David I. Levine 
Author-X-Name-First: David I. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine 
Title: The effect of solar ovens on fuel use, emissions and health: results from a randomised controlled trial 
Abstract:
	      Inefficient cookstoves contribute to deforestation and global
 climate change, require substantial time (usually of women and girls)
 collecting wood or money for fuel and lead to just under two million
 deaths a year. We examined the effect of solar ovens on fuel use, time
 spent collecting wood, carbon monoxide exposure, and respiratory illness
 symptoms. A phased randomised controlled trial was run among women
 interested in purchasing a solar oven in rural Senegal. Of the envisioned
 1000 households, 465 treatments and 325 controls took part in the baseline
 survey. Households randomly allocated to the control group received their
 stoves 6 months after treatments. Eighty per cent of our respondents
 typically cook for more people than the capacity of the solar oven and
 thus even cooks using the solar oven continue using their traditional
 stove. In the sixth month of owning the stove, treatments used their solar
 oven 19 per cent of days measured and did not have statistically
 significantly lower fuel consumption, time spent collecting fuel or time
 spent next to the cook fire. However, treatments cooking for 7-12 persons
 did lower their wood consumption for cooking by 14 per cent
 (<italic>P</italic> > .01). There is no evidence solar ovens reduced
 exposure to carbon monoxide or self-reported respiratory symptoms such as
 coughs and sore throats. This evaluation was a policy success because its
 results halted the proposed nationwide rollout of the solar oven, thus
 avoiding mass distribution of a stove which cannot reduce indoor air
 pollution or generate a sizeable decrease in fuel use. The results from
 this randomised controlled trial show that the HotPot is a poor product
 choice for the population as a one-pot stove cannot replace the
 three-stone fire for the lunch meal due to complex cooking patterns with
 multiple stoves, cooks and burners. A key result from our programme is
 stove designers - both solar and other improved biomass cookstoves -
 should reassess the product design to produce stoves that are affordable,
 durable, locally appropriate, consistent with current cooking practices
 (i.e., containing two burners) and large enough to accommodate
 multi-generational and/or polygamous households with limited incomes and
 no electricity.	  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 178-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.775177 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.775177 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Lai 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai 
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Xiao Hu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu 
Author-Name: Qinghe Qu 
Author-X-Name-First: Qinghe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qu 
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Yajie Qiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Yajie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiao 
Author-Name: Matthew Boswell 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boswell 
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Title: Computer assisted learning as extracurricular tutor? Evidence from a randomised experiment in rural boarding schools in Shaanxi 
Abstract:
	      This paper uses a clustered randomised field experiment to
 explore the effects of a computer assisted learning (CAL) programme on
 student academic and non-academic outcomes in poor, rural public schools
 in China. Our results show that a remedial, game-based CAL programme in
 math held outside of regular school hours with boarding students in poor
 rural public schools improved standardised math scores by 0.12 standard
 deviations. Students from poorer families tended to benefit more from the
 programme. However, CAL did not have any significant impact on either
 Chinese language standardised test scores or non-academic outcomes.	    
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 208-231 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.780089 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.780089 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Bruhn 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruhn 
Author-Name: Bilal Zia 
Author-X-Name-First: Bilal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zia 
Title: Stimulating managerial capital in emerging markets: the impact of business training for young entrepreneurs 
Abstract:
	      Identifying the determinants of entrepreneurship is an
 important research and policy goal, especially in emerging market
 economies where lack of capital and supporting infrastructure often impose
 stringent constraints on business growth. This paper studies the impact of
 a comprehensive business and financial literacy programme on firm outcomes
 of young entrepreneurs in an emerging post-conflict economy, Bosnia and
 Herzegovina. The authors conduct a randomised control trial and find that,
 while the training programme did not influence business survival, it
 significantly improved business practices, investments and loan terms for
 surviving businesses. Female-run businesses further exhibited some
 improvements in business performance and sales.	  
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 232-266 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.780090 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.780090 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Kees van Donge 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Kees 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Donge 
Title: Reforming justice: a journey to fairness in Asia, by Livingstone Armytage 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 267-268 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.789335 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.789335 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:267-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gala D�az Langou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gala 
Author-X-Name-Last: D�az Langou 
Author-Name: Vanesa Weyrauch 
Author-X-Name-First: Vanesa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weyrauch 
Title: Sound expectations: from impact evaluations to policy change 
Abstract:
 This paper outlines a comprehensive and flexible analytical conceptual
 framework to be used in the production of a case study series. The cases
 are expected to identify factors that help or hinder rigorous impact
 evaluations (IEs) from influencing policy and improving policy
 effectiveness. This framework has been developed to be adaptable to the
 reality of developing countries. It is aimed as an
 analytical-methodological tool which should enable researchers in
 producing case studies which identify factors that affect and explain IEs'
 policy influence potential.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 269-304 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.781660 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.781660 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriel Agosto 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Agosto 
Author-Name: Eduardo Nu�ez 
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nu�ez 
Author-Name: Horacio Citarroni 
Author-X-Name-First: Horacio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Citarroni 
Author-Name: Irma Briasco 
Author-X-Name-First: Irma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Briasco 
Author-Name: Nicol�s Garcette 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicol�s 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcette 
Title: From impact evaluations to paradigm shift: a case study of the Buenos Aires Ciudadan�a Porte�a conditional cash transfer programme 
Abstract:
 In response to the economic and social crises in 2001-2002, the Buenos
 Aires City Government opted for a cash transfer programme, the Ciudadan�a
 Porte�a: Con Todo Derecho, or CPP, in 2005. This case study looks at three
 impact evaluations of the programme and how they were used. The
 evaluations were designed with a dual purpose: (i) to determine how the
 programme could be made more efficient and thus obtain its goals, and (ii)
 to build consensus and legitimacy about the strategy of cash transfers in
 general. The most significant change resulting from the evaluations was
 the creation of the 'To study is to work' component, as of a
 recommendation made in the first evaluation report of the CPP. In
 addition, cash benefits for children and teenagers in school were
 increased and more outreach to teenage mothers was added to help them find
 childcare options. In addition, there have been changes to the culture of
 evaluation within the City Government: the evaluations generated immediate
 improvements in the programme and had significant spillover effects in
 terms of promoting a new culture of evaluation. Lessons about the
 connections between the impact evaluations and the CPP policy are (i)
 trust worthiness of the findings, through rigour and drawing on
 international expertise, gives legitimacy to study recommendation, (ii) it
 seems crucial to have a clear communication and dissemination strategy of
 the results, building understanding and ownership of the study amongst a
 broad range of stakeholders, (iii) emphasise lesson learning over
 accountability, and (iv) the evaluation reports should have highlighted
 more strongly the negative findings to allow further adjustments to
 address these problems.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 305-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.841040 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.841040 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:305-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Bruhn 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruhn 
Author-Name: David McKenzie 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie 
Title: Using administrative data to evaluate municipal reforms: an evaluation of the impact of Minas F�cil Expresso 
Abstract:
 This study uses administrative data to evaluate the impact of Minas F�cil
 Expresso, a programme in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which expanded
 a business start-up simplification programme to more remote
 municipalities. Using difference-in-differences with 56 months of
 registration data for 822 municipalities, the analysis finds introducing
 the programme actually led to a reduction in registration rates, and no
 change in tax revenues. The paper uses this evaluation to illustrate the
 design choices and the issues involved in using administrative data to
 evaluate reforms, also providing a template that can be used for
 evaluating similar reforms elsewhere.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 319-338 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.813959 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.813959 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:319-338




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Fang Lai 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai 
Author-Name: Xiaopeng Pang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaopeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pang 
Author-Name: Hongmei Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hongmei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Title: The impact of teacher training on teacher and student outcomes: evidence from a randomised experiment in Beijing migrant schools 
Abstract:
 This article exploits a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the impact
 of an intensive, short-term inservice teacher training programme on the
 performance of English teachers in Beijing migrant schools and their
 students. The results show no significant impacts of teacher training on
 either teacher or student English test scores and thus imply the
 ineffectiveness of short-term teacher training programmes on teacher and
 student performance.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 339-358 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.807862 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.807862 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippe Louis 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louis 
Author-Name: Bart Baesens 
Author-X-Name-First: Bart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baesens 
Title: Do for-profit microfinance institutions achieve better financial efficiency and social impact? A generalised estimating equations panel data approach 
Abstract:
 This article contributes to the literature by investigating the potential
 benefits of the commercialisation of microfinance. Two types of possible
 improvements of pursuing profitability are investigated using a
 comprehensive longitudinal data set spanning 15 periods and covering 456
 microfinance institutions (MFIs). The analyses are done using a
 generalised estimating equations framework in order to correct for the
 correlations within each cluster. The results show that we cannot support
 the hypothesis that operating more financially efficient is associated
 with being registered as for-profit MFIs. With respect to social impact, a
 lower depth of outreach and less outreach to women are associated with
 for-profit registration.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 359-380 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.822015 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.822015 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:359-380




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eberechukwu Uneze 
Author-X-Name-First: Eberechukwu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uneze 
Author-Name: Ibrahim Tajudeen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tajudeen 
Title: Understanding cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis using data on school feeding and education assistance programmes in Nigeria 
Abstract:
 Knowledge about the concept and the application of benefit-cost analysis
 (BCA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) can help policy makers to
 formulate and implement programmes that improve the lives of the citizens,
 especially the poor. This paper presents an example of a BCA and CEA of
 education interventions using data from the home-grown school feeding and
 the education assistance programmes, implemented in Nigeria, as well as
 information on impacts gathered through experts' opinion. We hope that
 this paper will contribute to a better understanding of how the analysis
 could be performed and be used to inform policy in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan
 Africa more broadly.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 381-399 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.787111 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.787111 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:381-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Skoufias 
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skoufias 
Author-Name: Mishel Unar 
Author-X-Name-First: Mishel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Unar 
Author-Name: Teresa Gonzalez de Cossio 
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez de Cossio 
Title: The poverty impacts of cash and in-kind transfers: experimental evidence from rural Mexico 
Abstract:
 The unique experimental design of the Food Support Programme
 (<italic>Programa de Apoyo Alimentario</italic>) is used to analyse
 in-kind and cash transfers in the poor rural areas of southern states of
 Mexico. The intent-to-treat effect on poverty of cash transfers of real
 value 25 per cent less than the market value of in-kind transfers is
 identical to that of in-kind transfers. Potential explanations of this
 result are investigated by looking into the differences in impacts of
 in-kind and cash transfers on food consumption and non-food expenditures
 and on the allocation of family labour between agricultural and
 non-agricultural activities. Both in-kind and cash transfers have
 identically large positive impacts on food consumption. Non-food
 expenditures are also higher in the localities with cash transfers,
 whereas they remain unaffected in the localities with in-kind transfers.
 Both kinds of transfers have a significant impact on the time allocation
 of males (and not females) who switch from agricultural to
 non-agricultural activities. But, the availability of cash transfers has a
 significantly higher marginal effect than in-kind transfers on the shift
 towards non-agricultural activities. Overall, the findings suggest that
 cash transfers may be better able than in-kind transfers at mitigating the
 impact of market imperfections, thus increasing both equity and
 efficiency.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 401-429 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.843578 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.843578 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:401-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gala D�az Langou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gala 
Author-X-Name-Last: D�az Langou 
Title: Validating one of the world's largest conditional cash transfer programmes. A case study on how an impact evaluation of Brazil's Bolsa Fam�lia Programme helped silence its critics and improve policy 
Abstract:
 One of the world's largest conditional cash transfer programmes, Bolsa
 Fam�lia reaches 48.7 million people in Brazil with subsidies that are tied
 to health- and education-related conditions. In this case study, Gala D�az
 Langou and Paula Forteza look at how the dissemination of evaluation
 findings, specially focusing on timing, led to improvements in the
 programme design as well as a major shift in the government's commitment
 to increase funding and expand coverage of Bolsa Fam�lia.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 430-446 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.861501 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.861501 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:430-446




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lubina F. Qureshy 
Author-X-Name-First: Lubina F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshy 
Author-Name: Harold Alderman 
Author-X-Name-First: Harold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alderman 
Author-Name: Claudia Rokx 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rokx 
Author-Name: Rebekah Pinto 
Author-X-Name-First: Rebekah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinto 
Author-Name: Matthew Wai-Poi 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wai-Poi 
Author-Name: Ajay Tandon 
Author-X-Name-First: Ajay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tandon 
Title: Positive returns: cost-benefit analysis of a stunting intervention in Indonesia 
Abstract:
 Would investing to reduce stunting reap economic benefits that outweigh
 costs? We investigate this question by conducting a cost-benefit analysis
 for a large-scale integrated nutrition programme to reduce stunting in
 Indonesia, using actual rather than stylised data on costs. The gains are
 assumed to accrue from productivity enhancement from reduced malnutrition,
 productive earnings from deaths averted and household savings from
 diarrhoea costs avoided. The programme extends to six provinces over 5
 years covering seven cohorts. Using a discount rate of 5 per cent, the
 benefit-cost ratio is 2.08. The study finds positive net benefits through
 the productivity impact of lower malnutrition even with sensitivity
 analysis that excludes the benefits of mortality reduction.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 447-465 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.848223 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.848223 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:447-465




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriela Guerrero 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guerrero 
Author-Name: Juan Leon 
Author-X-Name-First: Juan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leon 
Author-Name: Mayli Zapata 
Author-X-Name-First: Mayli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zapata 
Author-Name: Santiago Cueto 
Author-X-Name-First: Santiago 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cueto 
Title: Getting teachers back to the classroom. A systematic review on what works to improve teacher attendance in developing countries 
Abstract:
 This article reports on a systematic review of research on the
 effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing teacher attendance in
 developing countries. After a comprehensive search process, nine studies
 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled effects sizes of included studies were
 estimated (with the exception of three studies that had unavailable
 information to calculate their effect sizes). Results show that direct
 interventions coupling monitoring systems with incentives and indirect
 interventions involving the community and parents in students' education
 had statistically significant effects on teacher attendance, suggesting
 that close monitoring and attractive incentives are mechanisms of high
 potential to reduce teacher absenteeism.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 466-488 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.864695 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.864695 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:466-488




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas M. Odhiambo 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Odhiambo 
Title: Is financial development pro-poor or pro-rich? Empirical evidence from Tanzania 
Abstract:
 This paper examines the dynamic causal relationship between financial
 development and poverty reduction in Tanzania. The study attempts to
 answer one critical question: does financial development Granger-cause
 poverty reduction in Tanzania? In other words, does the financial
 development that has been experienced in Tanzania - ever since the onset
 of financial reforms in the 1990s - trickle down to the poor? Unlike some
 previous studies, we employ the recently developed autoregressive
 distributed lag (ARDL)-bounds testing approach to examine this linkage. In
 addition, we incorporate savings as an intermittent variable between
 financial development and poverty reduction in a trivariate setting. Our
 results show that there is an overwhelming long-run unidirectional causal
 flow from financial development to poverty reduction in Tanzania. This
 finding has important policy implications, as it shows that financial
 development trickles down to the poor in Tanzania.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 489-500 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.866154 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.866154 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:489-500




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Who counts? The power of participatory statistics 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 501-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.867616 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.867616 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monir Hossain Moni 
Author-X-Name-First: Monir Hossain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moni 
Title: <bold>Japanese aid and the construction of global development: inescapable solutions (Routledge contemporary Japan series)</bold>, edited by David Leheny and Kay Warren 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 503-506 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 5 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.867617 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.867617 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:503-506




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Baird 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baird 
Author-Name: Francisco H.G. Ferreira 
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco H.G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira 
Author-Name: Berk &Ouml;zler 
Author-X-Name-First: Berk 
Author-X-Name-Last: &Ouml;zler 
Author-Name: Michael Woolcock 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolcock 
Title: Conditional, unconditional and everything in between: a systematic review of the effects of cash transfer programmes on schooling outcomes 
Abstract:
 Cash transfer programmes are a popular social protection tool in
 developing countries that aim, among other things, to improve education
 outcomes in developing countries. The debate over whether these programmes
 should include conditions has been at the forefront of recent policy
 discussions. This systematic review aims to complement the existing
 evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes in improving schooling
 outcomes and help inform the debate surrounding the design of cash
 transfer programmes. Using data from 75 reports that cover 35 different
 studies, the authors find that both conditional cash transfers (CCTs) and
 unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) improve the odds of being enrolled in
 and attending school compared to no cash transfer programme. The effect
 sizes for enrolment and attendance are always larger for CCTs compared to
 UCTs, but the difference is not statistically significant. When programmes
 are categorised as having no schooling conditions, having some conditions
 with minimal monitoring and enforcement and having explicit conditions
 that are monitored and enforced, a much clearer pattern emerges whereby
 programmes that are explicitly conditional, monitor compliance and
 penalise non-compliance have substantively larger effects (60% improvement
 in odds of enrolment). Unlike enrolment and attendance, the effectiveness
 of cash transfer programmes on improving test scores is small at best.
 More research is needed that examines longer-term outcomes such as test
 scores and, more generally, evaluating the impacts of UCTs.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.890362 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.890362 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: G�nther Fink 
Author-X-Name-First: G�nther 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fink 
Author-Name: Margaret McConnell 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: McConnell 
Author-Name: Sebastian Vollmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmer 
Title: Testing for heterogeneous treatment effects in experimental data: false discovery risks and correction procedures 
Abstract:
 We review the statistical models applied to test for heterogeneous
 treatment effects in the recent empirical literature, with a particular
 focus on data from randomised field experiments. We show that testing for
 heterogeneous treatment effects is highly common, and likely to result in
 a large number of false discoveries when conventional decision rules are
 applied. We demonstrate that applying correction procedures developed in
 the statistics literature can fully address this issue, and discuss the
 implications of multiple testing adjustments for power calculations and
 experimental design.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 44-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.875054 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.875054 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:44-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart 
Author-Name: Yvonne Erasmus 
Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erasmus 
Author-Name: Hazel Zaranyika 
Author-X-Name-First: Hazel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaranyika 
Author-Name: Natalie Rebelo Da Silva 
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rebelo Da Silva 
Author-Name: Marcel Korth 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korth 
Author-Name: Laurenz Langer 
Author-X-Name-First: Laurenz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Langer 
Author-Name: Nicola Randall 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Randall 
Author-Name: Nolizwe Madinga 
Author-X-Name-First: Nolizwe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madinga 
Author-Name: Thea de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Thea 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Title: The size and nature of the evidence-base for smallholder farming in Africa: a systematic map 
Abstract:
 Relevant systematic reviews and impact evaluations were systematically
 sought and described in order to assess the size and nature of the
 evidence-base about the effectiveness of interventions for smallholder
 farmers in Africa. A total of 21 relevant systematic reviews and 415
 reports of impact evaluations were identified. This paper describes this
 African evidence-base in terms of the interventions and outcomes assessed,
 and the geographical spread of the primary research across the continent.
 Gaps in the evidence-base are identified and recommendations made for
 future research.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 58-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2013.877060 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2013.877060 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Power: why some people have it - and others don't, by Jeffrey Pfeffer / Hard facts, dangerous half-truths and total nonsense, by Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I. Sutton / The signal and the noise: the art and science of prediction, by Nate Silver 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 69-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.893640 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.893640 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:69-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Author-Name: Richard Palmer-Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer-Jones 
Author-Name: Jos Vaessen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaessen 
Title: Meta-analysis of the impact of microcredit on women's control over household decisions: methodological issues and substantive findings 
Abstract:
 Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have risen in popularity in
 international development to provide evidence on 'what works'. This paper
 reports the findings of a meta-analysis to assess the impact of
 microcredit on women's control over household spending to illustrate the
 challenges of conducting meta-analysis in the case of a diverse evidence
 base. We provide an assessment of methodological quality and present the
 findings of a meta-analysis. The results suggest that the effect sizes are
 small. Furthermore, the confidence that we can place in these findings is
 limited by the high level of heterogeneity within and between studies and
 the general reliance on non-experimental studies and statistical analyses
 which are not reported in sufficient detail to enable confident judgement
 as to their robustness.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 73-96 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.903289 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.903289 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:73-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Futoshi Yamauchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Futoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamauchi 
Title: An alternative estimate of school-based management impacts on students' achievements: evidence from the Philippines 
Abstract:
 This paper aims to estimate the impact of school-based management (SBM) on
 students' test scores in the Philippines. Estimation results using double
 differencing (DD) combined with propensity score matching show that SBM
 increased the average national achievement test score by 4.2 points over
 three years. The increase in mathematics was 5.7 points. The triple
 differencing procedure using the pre-intervention period as the baseline
 provides even larger impact estimates: 8.6 and 11.4 points for average and
 mathematics scores, respectively. These impacts are larger than the
 estimate previously reported from the Philippines, probably due to the
 fact that the sample schools had learned about SBM implementation from
 experiences accumulated in other provinces that introduced SBM earlier.
 The empirical results also show that schools with experienced principals
 and teachers are eager to introduce SBM.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 97-110 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.906485 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.906485 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:97-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lilli Banholzer 
Author-X-Name-First: Lilli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Banholzer 
Author-Name: Roos Haer 
Author-X-Name-First: Roos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haer 
Title: Attaching and detaching: the successful reintegration of child soldiers 
Abstract:
 Why do some former child soldiers reintegrate more successfully into civil
 society than others? We attempt to understand this variation by looking at
 their personal experiences within the armed groups instead of focusing on
 the reintegration programme design. We hypothesise that, besides other
 factors, successful reintegration depends on the level of attachment felt
 towards the armed group. In other words, if a former child soldier feels a
 high level of attachment to the armed group, the reintegration process
 back into society might be more difficult. To examine this possible
 linkage, we examine a unique data set based on 66 interviews with Ugandan
 former child soldiers. Our analysis shows that those former child soldiers
 who still feel a higher level of trust towards the armed group are less
 likely to trust the members of their home community and feel accepted by
 them.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 111-127 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.901401 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.901401 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:111-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nasir Andisha 
Author-X-Name-First: Nasir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andisha 
Author-Name: Oscar Chiquito-Saban 
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiquito-Saban 
Author-Name: Eduardo Emmerich 
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Emmerich 
Author-Name: Aurelia Figueroa 
Author-X-Name-First: Aurelia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa 
Author-Name: Yuewen Jiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuewen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang 
Author-Name: Jun Hui Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hui Lee 
Author-Name: Darren Manning 
Author-X-Name-First: Darren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning 
Author-Name: Alejandra Ortega-Sanchez 
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega-Sanchez 
Author-Name: Kishore Gawande 
Author-X-Name-First: Kishore 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gawande 
Title: Reducing child labour in Panama: an impact evaluation 
Abstract:
 This article examines the impact of two specifically designed educational
 programmes aimed at reducing child labour among the indigenous population
 in Panama: a tutoring course (CEC) and an accelerated primary
 school/course (EPA). Based on a sample of 427 children belonging to 185
 households, and using a post-intervention treatment and comparison group
 design, we find that the CEC programme decreased the probability of
 working (child labour) by 10.7 per cent and increased the probability of
 participating in an extracurricular activity by 23.5 per cent. Thus, the
 programme limited the possibility of CEC participants becoming involved in
 agricultural-related or other forms of child labour. Because results from
 the EPA programme are statistically insignificant, we are uncertain about
 the direct impact of EPAs on the overall goal of child labour reduction.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 128-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.908936 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.908936 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:128-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natascha Wagner 
Author-X-Name-First: Natascha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner 
Author-Name: Jean-Louis Arcand 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Louis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arcand 
Author-Name: Cheikho Sakho 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheikho 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakho 
Author-Name: Pape A. Diallo 
Author-X-Name-First: Pape A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diallo 
Title: HIV/AIDS sensitisation and peer mentoring: evidence from a randomised experiment in Senegal 
Abstract:
 Using a simple experimental design, count data models and routinely
 collected administrative data from Senegalese health districts, this study
 examines whether funding community-based organisations can be an effective
 method of increasing voluntary counselling and testing. Two treatment
 groups are identified: a newly introduced peer-mentoring mechanism and
 traditional social mobilisation. Findings indicate that funded peer
 mentoring roughly doubles the number of individuals who get tested, who
 follow pretest counselling and who collect their test results, whereas
 funded traditional social mobilisation appears to be slightly less
 effective. Moreover, the study demonstrates that inexpensive
 administrative data can be used for impact evaluation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 147-166 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.906486 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.906486 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandro De Matteis 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Matteis 
Title: Preferred form of food assistance in remote resource-poor areas: the case of arid lands in Kenya 
Abstract:
 The increased use of cash-based instruments and strategies for the
 delivery of assistance is welcome as it is, in general, more reflective of
 a local developmental approach. However, such strategies require some
 preconditions for them to work properly. Market functioning is among the
 most critical of such preconditions. This is particularly relevant in
 areas where the limitations of local production are a constraint to the
 possible increase of supply. Moreover, conditions of forced reliance on
 external sources raise the risk of 'imported inflation' which may follow
 an induced increase in local demand. This has been the case experienced in
 the Horn of Africa in 2011, when the response to the drought was taking
 place in the midst of a global food price rise. This article highlights
 how, in some conditions, a balanced approach in supporting both demand and
 supply is preferable.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 167-195 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.903288 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.903288 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:167-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard I.C. Tambulasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard I.C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tambulasi 
Author-Name: Michael M. Chasukwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chasukwa 
Title: 'Substitute is gonna put you down': an analysis of effectiveness of emerging actors as substitutes of local councillors in Malawi's decentralised system 
Abstract:
 This article analyses the effectiveness of emerging institutions operating
 as substitutes for councillors in Malawi's decentralised framework.
 Councillors are a cornerstone for consolidating local-level democracy and
 an avenue for achieving good governance ideals. In Malawi, the absence of
 councillors since 2005 necessitated the emergency of substitute
 institutions to carry out such functions. This article finds that the
 substitute institutions have limitations in effectively carrying out the
 governance functions at the local level in terms of policy making,
 representation, accountability and community participation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 196-210 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.910245 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.910245 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:196-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David McKenzie 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie 
Title: The tyranny of experts: economists, dictators, and the forgotten rights of the poor, by William Easterly 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 211-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.911771 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.911771 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:211-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annette N. Brown 
Author-X-Name-First: Annette N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown 
Author-Name: Drew B. Cameron 
Author-X-Name-First: Drew B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron 
Author-Name: Benjamin D. K. Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin D. K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: Quality evidence for policymaking: I'll believe it when I see the replication 
Abstract:
 In this paper, we make the case for replication as a crucial methodology
 for validating research used for evidence-based policymaking, especially
 in low- and middle-income countries. We focus on internal replication or
 the reanalysis of original data to address an original evaluation or
 research question. We review the current state of replication in the
 social sciences and present data on the trends among academic
 publications. We then discuss four challenges facing empirical research
 that internal replication can help to address. We offer a new typology of
 replication approaches for addressing these challenges. The types - pure
 replication, measurement and estimation analysis, and theory of change
 analysis - highlight that internal replication can test for consistency
 and statistical robustness but can and should also be used to ensure that
 a study fully explores possible theories of change in order to draw
 appropriate conclusions and recommendations for policymaking and programme
 design.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 215-235 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.944555 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.944555 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:215-235




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurenz Langer 
Author-X-Name-First: Laurenz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Langer 
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart 
Title: What have we learned from the application of systematic review methodology in international development? - a thematic overview 
Abstract:
 The importance of systematic review evidence in the design and
 implementation of policies and interventions is increasingly recognised in
 the field of international development. This article presents a stocktake
 of the primary years of systematic reviewing in international development,
 providing a thematic overview of what we have learned about conducting
 international development reviews. Applying a structured methodology to
 search for and categorise all relevant literature, it establishes that
 systematic reviews have been well received in international development
 and serve as a useful tool for evidence-informed development, which has
 led to important discoveries in the domain.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 236-248 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9  
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.919013 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.919013 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:236-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Wydick 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wydick 
Author-Name: Elizabeth Katz 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Katz 
Author-Name: Brendan Janet 
Author-X-Name-First: Brendan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janet 
Title: Do in-kind transfers damage local markets? The case of TOMS shoe donations in El Salvador 
Abstract:
 We carry out a cluster randomised trial among 979 households in rural El
 Salvador to test whether shoe donations exhibit negative impacts on local
 shoe markets. Households in half of the communities were given a pair of
 children's shoes at baseline (treatment communities), while all households
 were given coupons that could be used for shoe purchases at a local shoe
 store. Although point estimates on coupon redemption and
 difference-in-difference estimations indicate shoe purchases to be
 slightly lower among households receiving the donated shoes, we find no
 statistically significant difference in market shoe purchases between
 treatment and control households.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 249-267 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.919012 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.919012 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:249-267




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gian Nicola Francesconi 
Author-X-Name-First: Gian Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Francesconi 
Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben 
Title: FairTrade's theory of change: an evaluation based on the cooperative life cycle framework and mixed methods 
Abstract:
 This study presents a quasi-experimental analysis of the impact of
 FairTrade certification on the commercial performance of coffee farmers in
 Tanzania. In doing so the study emphasises the importance of a
 well-contextualised theory of change as a basis for evaluation design. It
 also stresses the value of qualitative methods to control for selection
 bias. Based on a longitudinal (pseudo-panel) dataset comprising both
 certified and conventional farmers, it shows that FairTrade certification
 introduced a disincentive to farmers' commercialisation. We explain this
 counterintuitive conclusion on the basis of the 'cooperative life cycle'
 theory developed by US agribusiness scholars.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 268-283 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.918164 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.918164 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:268-283




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael J. Culbertson 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Culbertson 
Author-Name: Daniel McCole 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCole 
Author-Name: Paul E. McNamara 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: McNamara 
Title: Practical challenges and strategies for randomised control trials in agricultural extension and other development programmes 
Abstract:
 Randomised control trials (RCTs) can yield information about the
 effectiveness of agricultural extension and other development programmes,
 facilitating cost-benefit analyses and policy decisions under resource
 constraints. However, even after RCT design questions have been settled, a
 number of other practical challenges to successful RCTs remain. As a guide
 to those interested in applying RCTs more extensively, we outline several
 ethical, organisational, design and field-based challenges for RCTs, along
 with potential strategies for mitigating the challenges. We provide
 illustrations from our experience of an RCT of the Community Knowledge
 Worker programme, a novel agricultural extension model in Uganda.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 284-299 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.919339 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.919339 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:284-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Di Mo 
Author-X-Name-First: Di 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mo 
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Renfu Luo 
Author-X-Name-First: Renfu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo 
Author-Name: Qinghe Qu 
Author-X-Name-First: Qinghe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qu 
Author-Name: Weiming Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Weiming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Jiafu Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiafu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Yajie Qiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Yajie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiao 
Author-Name: Matthew Boswell 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boswell 
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Title: Integrating computer-assisted learning into a regular curriculum: evidence from a randomised experiment in rural schools in Shaanxi 
Abstract:
 Recent attention has been placed on whether computer assisted learning
 (CAL) can effectively improve learning outcomes. However, the empirical
 evidence of its impact is mixed. Previous studies suggest that the lack of
 an impact in developed countries may be attributable to substitution of
 effort/time away from productive, in-school activities. However, there is
 little empirical evidence on how effective an in-school programme may be
 in developing countries. To explore the impact of an in-school CAL
 programme, we conducted a clustered randomised experiment involving over
 4000 third and fifth grade students in 72 rural schools in China. Our
 results indicate that the in-school CAL programme has significantly
 improved the overall math scores by 0.16 standard deviations. Both the
 third graders and the fifth graders benefited from the programme.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 300-323 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.911770 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.911770 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:300-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset 
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset 
Title: <bold>Who counts what? Some observations on participatory statistics based on a review of 'Who counts? The power of participatory statistics'</bold>, edited by J. Holland 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 324-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.941906 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.941906 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:324-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Manning 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning 
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Measuring results in development: the role of impact evaluation in agency-wide performance measurement systems 
Abstract:
 The need to demonstrate results has been growing over the last two
 decades. There is a growing recognition that outcome monitoring only tells
 us what happened, not why it happened, and so outcome monitoring cannot
 give useful information about the effectiveness of development
 interventions. Many agencies are turning to impact evaluations to assess
 the change in outcomes which may be attributed to their interventions. As
 more impact evaluations are produced, the question arises as to how these
 studies can be used to assess how the agency as a whole is performing. We
 discuss the 'triple A' principles for an Agency Wide Performance
 Measurement System (AWPMS) - alignment, attribution, and aggregation - as
 well as several other challenges faced in designing and implementing such
 systems: the balance between lesson learning and accountability,
 independence versus influence, modifying incentive structures for results,
 determining how many impact evaluations to conduct and of what, and
 ensuring the use of these studies. We conclude by urging greater
 cooperation between those charged with measuring results and those
 conducting impact evaluations in order to develop AWPMS which can
 meaningfully report on agency performance.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 337-349 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.989673 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.989673 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ida Lindkvist 
Author-X-Name-First: Ida 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindkvist 
Author-Name: Vibecke Dixon 
Author-X-Name-First: Vibecke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon 
Title: To 'feel good', or to 'do good'? Why we need institutional changes to ensure a results focus in Norwegian development assistance 
Abstract:
 Norway is a generous donor in terms of funding and has been categorised as
 a donor mainly motivated by altruism. Nevertheless, the Norwegian aid
 administration has been criticised for not sufficiently measuring and
 demonstrating the effects of its development assistance. This is
 unfortunate as we may miss opportunities for learning and end up with
 lower aid effectiveness. In this article, we discuss why an altruistic
 donor may fail to document the consequences of aid for beneficiaries. The
 crux of our argument is that there are two types of altruistic motivation
 for aid: a 'feel good' type where focus is on the virtue of donating and a
 'do good' type where focus is on the effects of aid for beneficiaries. We
 use the agency framework to analyse these dynamics and argue that if the
 'feel good' motivation dominates, the institutions within which the aid
 administration operates will favour disbursements, whereas if the 'do
 good' motivation dominates, institutions will be geared towards
 documenting consequences and effects. The first may result in lower
 welfare for beneficiaries if aid is less effective. While altruism cannot
 be observed, the current institutional set-up of the Norwegian aid
 administration is compatible with the 'feel good' type as the dominant
 motivation for development assistance. However, a stronger results focus
 may not improve matters unless also accompanied with institutional changes
 to ensure the evaluability of aid. As long as the dominant motivation is
 to 'feel good', stronger results focus may simply shift aid to where it
 can most easily be measured rather than where potential to do good is
 greatest.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 350-360 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.975423 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.975423 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:350-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Moland Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie Moland 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Ulrich Bartsch 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartsch 
Title: Who cares about development outcomes? Market failures and the role of the evaluation function 
Abstract:
 Development agencies expend large amounts of money and manpower ostensibly
 to achieve development outcomes that improve living conditions in
 developing countries. If development agencies cared only about development
 outcomes and these were easily observable in a timely manner, development
 agencies would 'buy' the best outcomes they could get for their money. And
 if someone else could get it for them at a lower cost, they would transfer
 the funds to this other agency. Unfortunately, outcomes are not easily
 observable, they often take years to appear, and frequently the 'shopper'
 cares more about being seen shopping than about what ends up in the cart.
 So how do we go about creating a functioning market for development
 outcomes? What role can the evaluation function play in helping the
 process of internalising development outcomes into the development
 agencies' objective functions and thereby aligning incentives with the
 ultimate goal of improving lives? We present the development business
 through the lenses of the literature on externalities, principal-agent
 problems, and decision-making under uncertainty. We also present examples
 of solutions from multilateral and bilateral development institutions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 361-377 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.966742 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.966742 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:361-377




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd 
Author-Name: Derek Poate 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poate 
Author-Name: Espen Villanger 
Author-X-Name-First: Espen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villanger 
Title: Results measurement and evaluability: a comparative analysis 
Abstract:
 We compare the procedures and structures for supporting results
 measurement and evaluation between the Norwegian aid administration, the
 World Bank, Danida and Department for International Development. We find
 an important systematic difference in how agencies embed results
 measurement into their projects and programmes between the partner-led and
 the agency-led approach. There are clear limitations to the former in
 results documentation and major challenges in making it work to that end.
 The findings suggest that the main proponent of the partner-led system,
 Norway, should undertake revise procedures in order to be able to document
 results. Finally, we discuss the importance of leadership in ensuring
 results measurement systems work effectively.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 378-391 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.966455 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.966455 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:378-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sean Phillips 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips 
Author-Name: Ian Goldman 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldman 
Author-Name: Nolwazi Gasa 
Author-X-Name-First: Nolwazi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasa 
Author-Name: Ismail Akhalwaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akhalwaya 
Author-Name: Bernadette Leon 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernadette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leon 
Title: A focus on M&E of results: an example from the Presidency, South Africa 
Abstract:
 The Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME) in the
 Presidency was established in South Africa in 2009 by an incoming
 administration to improve the impact of government on citizens, notably
 around delivery of services. DPME has established a number of planning,
 monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems including around priority
 outcomes, a national evaluation system, and management performance
 assessments of departments. Key helping factors include political
 commitment, strong programme leadership, and some strong institutions.
 Inhibiting factors include the predominant compliance culture of M&E, poor
 programme planning, and poor administrative data.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 392-406 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.966453 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.966453 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:392-406




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ahmed Mushtaque Raza Chowdhury 
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Mushtaque Raza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chowdhury 
Author-Name: Andrew Jenkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins 
Author-Name: Marziana Mahfuz Nandita 
Author-X-Name-First: Marziana Mahfuz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nandita 
Title: Measuring the effects of interventions in BRAC, and how this has driven 'development' 
Abstract:
 BRAC started out as a limited relief operation in 1972 in a remote region
 in Bangladesh and has become probably the largest nongovernmental
 development organisation in the world. Organising the poor using
 communities' own human and material resources, BRAC has developed a
 holistic development approach geared towards inclusion, using tools like
 microfinance, education, healthcare, legal services, community
 empowerment, social enterprises and BRAC University. Its work now touches
 the lives of an estimated 135 million people in 12 countries in Asia,
 Africa and the Caribbean. BRAC established a Research and Evaluation
 Division (RED) in 1975 that, over time, has grown and developed as a
 multidisciplinary independent research unit. The division has been playing
 an important role in designing BRAC's development interventions,
 monitoring progress, documenting achievements and undertaking impact
 assessment studies. It provides an analytical basis for BRAC's
 programmatic decisions, fine-tuning it for better performance and making
 development efforts evidence-based, effective and community-sensitive.
 This article uses specific examples to demonstrate how a close link
 between evaluation and research, and project planning and implementation
 can drive a dynamic process of 'development', both in the sense of
 economic and social development of communities and in the sense of
 institutional change and innovation within BRAC itself. For example,
 research on the distribution of benefits in microfinance demonstrated that
 it rarely reached the 'ultra-poor', that is, those spending >80 per cent
 of income on food and still not reaching 80 per cent of calorie
 requirements. The ultra-poor tend to have limited social assets; this is a
 reason why they may not be included as members of self-selected
 microfinance groups, and there is a considerable literature on this. In
 2002, this led directly to the introduction of a package of specific
 measures, centred on 'asset-transfer', which has enabled hundreds of
 thousands to 'graduate' from ultra-poverty and has been replicated in at
 least 11 countries. Results have been verified extensively through
 rigorous evaluation and are contributing to a continuing global policy
 dialogue on the effectiveness of different approaches to 'social safety
 nets'. This article also explores how organisational structures in BRAC
 aid or impede the reporting on results and the documentation of effects.
 It also examines the relationship between programme Management Information
 System and rigorous evaluation and the institutional factors encouraging
 or retarding BRAC's focus on results measurement and the development of a
 positive institutional culture. Specifically, BRAC RED focuses on the
 method that is best suited for each context and frequently conducts
 research using mixed methodology, with a good blend of qualitative and
 quantitative research. This has been understood from the beginning, but
 has also been borne out by experience throughout BRAC's development.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 407-424 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.966452 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.966452 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:407-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claire Hutchings 
Author-X-Name-First: Claire 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hutchings 
Title: Balancing accountability and learning: a review of Oxfam GB's global performance framework 
Abstract:
 This article explores Oxfam GB's early experience implementing an
 alternative approach to operationalising global outcome indicators as a
 means of understanding programme impact and organisational
 performance.Nongovernmental organisations operating in the international
 development sector need credible, reliable feedback on whether their
 interventions are making a meaningful difference, but they struggle with
 how they can access it in a practical, proportional way. In 2011, Oxfam GB
 established its Global Performance Framework (GPF) to enable the
 organisation to deliver on its commitments to be accountable to its wide
 range of stakeholders and improve its ability to both understand and
 communicate the impact of its programmes in seven thematic priorities. The
 GPF is comprised of two key elements: a Global Output Report which details
 what the organisation is doing to bring about a world free of poverty,
 inequality and injustice; and Effectiveness Reviews, intensive evaluation
 processes that consider the extent projects have contributed to change in
 relation to the particular global outcome indicator that it has been
 selected under.Three years in, Oxfam GB has undertaken a review of the GPF
 in order to acknowledge its strengths and weaknesses and inform decisions
 on how to strengthen and evolve the GPF to ensure it remains fit for
 purpose. While it is too early to draw overall conclusions on the
 approach, it is hoped that the lessons learned from this review of the
 first phase of implementation can be useful and informative for other
 development actors grappling with similar challenges.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 425-435 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.971552 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.971552 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Sturdy 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sturdy 
Author-Name: Sixto Aquino 
Author-X-Name-First: Sixto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aquino 
Author-Name: Jack Molyneaux 
Author-X-Name-First: Jack 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molyneaux 
Title: Learning from evaluation at the Millennium Challenge Corporation 
Abstract:
 The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), a US foreign aid agency
 working with selected countries, emphasises rigorous evaluations to
 support poverty reduction through economic growth. MCC's experience with
 early impact evaluations and its growing evaluation portfolio has
 motivated actions to enhance the quality of evaluations. Specifically, MCC
 has introduced formal reviews that (i) better balance evaluation designs
 to ensure learning while respecting accountability, (ii) more selectively
 use impact evaluations and (iii) strengthen the programme logic and its
 documentation. MCC has also developed an explicit results dissemination
 strategy to ensure public access to evaluation results and most evaluation
 data, subject to ethical protections of respondents.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 436-450 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.975424 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.975424 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:436-450




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Ulb&aelig;k 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulb&aelig;k 
Author-Name: Henning N�hr 
Author-X-Name-First: Henning 
Author-X-Name-Last: N�hr 
Title: Evaluation of Danish development assistance - experiences and new approaches 
Abstract:
 Danida is in the process of rethinking its results and learning culture.
 Evaluations will play an important role in this as a source for capturing
 results to aid interventions on outcome and impact level. The main focus
 will be on strengthening the evaluability of Danish aid programmes through
 systematic use of theory of change to describe the contribution stories or
 the intervention logics, causalities, and expected results and verify
 these through an improved evidence base created by the programme's M&E
 systems. In addition, real-time evaluations will be piloted to improve the
 timeliness and feedback of evaluation information to aid implementation.
 The new approaches will, over time, enable Danida to even better document
 results and strengthen evidence for better future programming. The
 evaluation department will be working closely with operational units in
 bringing about these changes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 451-460 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.971551 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.971551 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:451-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd 
Author-Name: Espen Villanger 
Author-X-Name-First: Espen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villanger 
Title: Assessing aid impacts revisited: results measurement in Norwegian aid 
Abstract:
 This paper assesses the role of Norad's Evaluation Department in
 explaining the lack of results documentation in Norway's aid assessments.
 We found a hands-off approach to managing evaluations, leading to missed
 opportunities for correcting deviations during the preparation and
 analysis phase. Evaluations directed towards outcomes and impacts do not
 have the necessary design features to ensure that such assessments are
 delivered including the specification of methodologies, data requirements,
 and the competencies of the selected evaluators. We conclude that the
 department is not putting sufficient emphasis on results measurement in
 the planning and quality assurance of evaluations, and that this
 contributes to a large degree to the lack of high-quality results
 documentation, especially at the levels of outcomes and impacts.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 461-479 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.963883 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.963883 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheryl Gray 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray 
Title: Finding out what works: tracking results in the Inter-American Development Bank 
Abstract:
 The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) was established in 1959, and its
 independent Office of Evaluation and Oversight was established in 1999.
 The Development Effectiveness Framework (DEF), established in 2010,
 provides a framework for agency results measurement. DEF has three
 components: (1) the Development Effectiveness Matrix (DEM), which measures
 a project's 'evaluability' at entry; (2) the Project Monitoring Report,
 which measures a project's progress during implementation; and (3) the
 Project Completion Report, a self-evaluation of results prepared after
 project closure. The Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) consolidates
 this information and reports annually on IDB's overall effectiveness.
 Planning for an impact evaluation of the proposed investment scores points
 in the DEM, which has been a factor in the strong growth of impact
 evaluations of IDB projects. The DEO draws on impact evaluation findings
 in its annual assessments of IDB performance, and a range of other
 evaluations provide complementary performance information. However,
 challenges remain in aligning agency incentives with achieving results
 rather than disbursing funds.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 480-489 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.966454 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.966454 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandra Garbero 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garbero 
Title: Estimating poverty dynamics using synthetic panels for IFAD-supported projects: a case study from Vietnam 
Abstract:
 The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has committed
 to a poverty reduction target of 80 million people moved out of poverty
 between 2010 and 2015 through IFAD-supported programmes. The IFAD9 impact
 evaluation initiative was launched to quantify the target and demonstrate
 improved accountability, development effectiveness and facilitate learning
 within the organisation. Specifically, 26 rigorous retrospective impact
 evaluations are being conducted employing quasi-experimental designs. This
 paper describes the IFAD9 impact evaluation initiative and illustrates the
 methodology currently being developed by the IFAD Statistics and Studies
 for Development Division to estimate the target. This methodology is
 currently being piloted through in-house econometric analyses, and
 consists of combining synthetic panels with quasi-experimental methods
 such as difference-in-difference matching estimators. Synthetic panels
 overcome the limitation of having to estimate poverty dynamics without
 real panel data and provide lower and upper bounds estimates of poverty
 dynamics and mobility. A case study of a project in Vietnam is presented
 to illustrate the methodology.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 490-510 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.981954 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.981954 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:490-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Margolies 
Author-X-Name-First: Amy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Margolies 
Author-Name: John Hoddinott 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoddinott 
Title: Costing alternative transfer modalities 
Abstract:
 Discussions regarding the merits of cash and food transfers focus on their
 relative impacts. Much less is known about their relative costs.
 Activity-based costing methods are applied to interventions situated in
 Ecuador, Niger, Uganda, and Yemen, finding that the per-transfer cost of
 providing cash is always less than food. Given the budget for these
 interventions, an additional 44,769 people could have received assistance
 at no additional cost had cash been provided instead of food. This
 suggests a significant opportunity cost in terms of reduced coverage when
 higher cost transfer modalities are used. Decisions to use cash or food
 transfers should consider both impacts and costs.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.984745 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.984745 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sebastian Martinez 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez 
Author-Name: Michelle P�rez 
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: P�rez 
Title: Watched: how monitoring affects performance during a survey of development practitioners 
Abstract:
 We ask whether monitoring time during a survey of development
 practitioners from Latin America and the Caribbean affects performance.
 Our proxy for monitoring is a digital clock, randomly assigned to appear
 on the screen of half of the 357 online surveys. Monitoring reduces the
 average survey time by 23 per cent, lowers the ratio of unanswered
 questions by over 60 per cent and has no negative impact on other measures
 of survey quality. These results illustrate how monitoring alone can be a
 cost-effective tool for improving performance.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 17-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.946071 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.946071 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:17-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahidur R. Khandker 
Author-X-Name-First: Shahidur R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khandker 
Author-Name: M. A. Baqui Khalily 
Author-X-Name-First: M. A. Baqui 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khalily 
Author-Name: Hussain A. Samad 
Author-X-Name-First: Hussain A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Samad 
Title: Mitigating seasonal hunger with microfinance in Bangladesh: how does a flexible programme compare with the regular ones? 
Abstract:
 Microfinance institutions, often criticised for inadequately addressing
 seasonality and hard-core poverty, have begun to introduce innovative
 programmes designed to tackle both the concerns. One such programme in
 Bangladesh is the Programmed Initiatives for Monga Eradication (PRIME).
 PRIME exclusively targets the ultra-poor, especially in the country's
 northwest region, and offers both production and consumption loans with a
 flexible loan repayment schedule, and other services. This article
 assesses the effectiveness of PRIME and regular microfinance programmes in
 reducing seasonal hardship. Findings of this article suggest that PRIME is
 better targeted than regular microfinance programmes and also performs
 better in mitigating seasonal starvation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 23-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.988166 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.988166 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abid A. Burki 
Author-X-Name-First: Abid A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burki 
Title: Group-based BDS matching grants and farm-level outcomes in Pakistan 
Abstract:
 Matching grants that entitle enterprises to business development services
 (BDSs) are common in developing countries, but to date, no rigorous impact
 assessment of these interventions has been carried out. Using data of
 small farms from Pakistan, this article investigates how group-based BDS
 matching grants affect farm-level outcomes. Empirical results suggest that
 these interventions increase the technical efficiency, profitability and
 employment of treated farms compared with farms in comparison group, but
 true winners are group leaders who innovate more quickly. Moreover, BDS is
 not perfectly diffused within farmer groups at least in the short-run.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 43-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.959033 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.959033 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prachitha John 
Author-X-Name-First: Prachitha 
Author-X-Name-Last: John 
Author-Name: Ashwin Mahalingam 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashwin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahalingam 
Author-Name: Akash Deep 
Author-X-Name-First: Akash 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deep 
Author-Name: A. Thillairajan 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thillairajan 
Title: Impact of Private Sector Participation on access and quality of services: systematic review of evidence from the electricity, telecommunications and water supply sectors 
Abstract:
 Individual studies on the impact of such Private Sector Participation
 (PSP) have yielded mixed results. This study synthesises evidence on the
 impact of PSP on access and quality outcomes. Studies to be included for
 the review were selected using well-defined inclusion, exclusion and
 quality appraisal criteria. Meta-regression analysis of 90 observations
 from 17 econometric studies was used to synthesise the evidences. Evidence
 on access was stronger as compared to that of quality. This indicated that
 PSP as a tool for improving quality of services has not been effective.
 Among the three sectors studied, telecom sector showed the strongest
 evidence of a true empirical effect between access and PSP, indicating
 that PSP has been an effective strategy to improve telecom access. In the
 case of electricity and water supply, the evidence indicated a positive
 and negative impact on access, respectively, though the effect was not
 significant. Overall, the results suggested that the effectiveness of PSP
 in improving access and quality in infrastructure services delivery has
 been limited and underlines the need for creating appropriate monitoring
 and incentive structures to make PSP interventions more effective in
 improving outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 64-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.955519 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.955519 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Johansson de Silva 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson de Silva 
Author-Name: Pierella Paci 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paci 
Author-Name: Josefina Posadas 
Author-X-Name-First: Josefina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posadas 
Title: A checklist to avoid pilot failures: lessons from a set of women's economic empowerment initiatives 
Abstract:
 Pilot programmes have gained significance in donor-supported development
 interventions because of the growing emphasis on measuring impact. The
 Results-based initiatives (RBI) were conceived as pioneering pilots
 expected to acquire rigorous evidence on effective interventions to foster
 women's economic empowerment. However, they fell short of providing clear
 or generalizable conclusions on women's economic empowerment due to design
 and implementation problems. The RBI nevertheless offer important lessons
 on common traps in pilot design and implementation. This article
 synthesises 10 lessons from the RBI as a checklist to avoid pilot failure,
 intended for practitioners in any area of development.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 90-110 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.963882 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.963882 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:90-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Beck 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beck 
Author-Name: Anni-Maria Pulkki-Br�nnstr�m 
Author-X-Name-First: Anni-Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pulkki-Br�nnstr�m 
Author-Name: Miguel San Sebasti�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: San Sebasti�n 
Title: <bold>Basic income - healthy outcome?</bold> Effects on health of an Indian basic income pilot project: a cluster randomised trial 
Abstract:
 This article evaluates the effects on health of a basic income (BI) pilot
 project in Madhya Pradesh, India, between 2011 and 2012. BI can be defined
 as a non-contributory, universal and unconditional cash transfer paid out
 on an individual basis. The project was conducted as a cluster randomised
 trial involving 2034 households. Three health outcomes were examined:
 minor illnesses and injuries, illness and injuries requiring
 hospitalisation, and child vaccination coverage. The data were analysed
 with multiple imputation, propensity score matching and weighted logistic
 regression. BI was seen to significantly reduce the odds of minor
 illnesses and injuries by 46&nbsp;per cent. No effect was seen on more
 serious illnesses and injuries, at least not in the time scale given, nor
 on child vaccination coverage which was already exceptionally high.
 Policymakers are encouraged to consider BI as an equitable policy of
 social protection, though further research on its impact on health is
 desirable.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 111-126 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.974200 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.974200 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:111-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah C. White 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Qualitative perspectives on the impact evaluation of girls' empowerment in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
 This paper presents qualitative analysis of an RCT evaluating a programme
 aiming to delay marriage and empower adolescent girls in Bangladesh. It
 begins by suggesting a model of three dimensions of empowerment for use in
 evaluation. It then describes the social context of early marriage in
 Bangladesh. The model of empowerment is then used to discuss the design
 and preliminary findings of the RCT. The paper stresses the importance of
 approaching research as a social process, to improve data quality and
 rigour of analysis. It closes by arguing for teams which balance equally
 researchers with quantitative and qualitative expertise.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 127-145 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1004609 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1004609 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Harrison 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison 
Title: Anthropology and impact evaluation: a critical commentary 
Abstract:
 Quantitative and quasi-experimental methods have become popular in the
 evaluation of development impact. In response, several commentators have
 argued for more effective use of 'mixed methods'. This paper engages with,
 and builds upon, this current criticism of more quantitatively based
 impact evaluation from the disciplinary perspective of anthropology.
 Focusing on one specific evaluation, of an irrigation project in Malawi,
 it asks what was missed and what was misunderstood in the quantitative
 focus that was adopted. The paper then reflects on the wider question that
 is raised of how particular methods and perspectives can take centre stage
 and produce apparent 'truths' even in the face of evidence pointing in
 opposite directions. The overall argument is that this is a matter of the
 politics of knowledge production and of how particular disciplinary
 perspectives may come to dominate.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 146-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1015436 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1015436 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:146-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Winther 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winther 
Title: Impact evaluation of rural electrification programmes: what parts of the story may be missed? 
Abstract:
 Impact evaluations of electricity interventions have the methodological
 advantage that central parts of the intended outcomes are directly
 observable. However, in terms of measuring the social impact of
 interventions, electricity poses a particularly challenging field for
 evaluation due to the multifaceted and indirect ways electricity
 conditions various services in daily life. Another problem with regard to
 attribution is that electricity systems including their end use among
 private consumers take a long time to evolve.The paper draws on the
 author's ethnographic work on the impact of electricity in various places
 and examines the methodology used in a selected evaluation of
 electricity's impact in Mozambique. The intervention was funded by Norway
 and evaluated by Norplan AS on behalf of Norad. The analysis shows that
 the task at hand, to evaluate the impact on people's living conditions,
 was narrowed down and mainly implied focusing on the number of connections
 and examining people's consumables and a segment of their finances. Some
 of the sources for this reduction are traced to the Terms of Reference,
 which limited the scope of the study, for example, by avoiding asking the
 evaluator to assess the effects of electrification on various groups.
 Methodological choices, such as using the household as a unit of analysis,
 implied that potentially important data on the significance of the wider
 social networks and gender aspects were disregarded in the analysis.The
 paper concludes that the use of quantitative methods in impact evaluations
 of electrification would bring more valuable knowledge if they were
 preceded by a thorough, qualitative examination of the sociocultural and
 material context and gave more attention to the process of
 electrification. The author also discusses some ethical considerations
 connected to conducting large-scale surveys.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 160-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1008274 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1008274 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann V. Millard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Millard 
Author-Name: Mary Ann J. Ladia 
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Ann J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladia 
Title: TB meets IE: contributions of ethnography 
Abstract:
 Ethnographic methods can broaden impact evaluation by adding to randomised
 control trials to assess the effects of international development
 programmes. This article uses ethnographic findings on tuberculosis (TB)
 in the Philippines to analyse results of quantitative research and to
 assess an evaluation of the United States Agency for International
 Development (USAID)/Philippines TB portfolio. Ladia's ethnographic
 research explains critical aspects of TB patient and provider behaviour,
 often influenced by the stigma of TB, leading patients to adopt less
 effective care and ultimately sustaining the spread of the disease.
 Ethnography can provide information crucial to project success and to the
 evaluation of project effects.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 175-191 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1043795 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1043795 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:175-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinhwan Oh 
Author-X-Name-First: Jinhwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh 
Author-Name: Yunjeong Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Yunjeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Proliferation and fragmentation: uphill struggle of aid effectiveness 
Abstract:
 Aid fragmentation is one of the hindrances to aid effectiveness. As a main
 contributing factor, proliferated aids from the donor side have been
 pointed out. In this regard, we first examine the main factors for the
 donors' proliferation and its links with the recipients' fragmentation,
 which have been asked in several studies, but are revisited again with a
 comprehensive up-to-date data set. We also examine whether a recipient
 country is indeed going to get worse off through fragmented aid or, more
 directly, by proliferated aid. The main findings are (1) donors tend to
 proliferate their aid disbursement as their aid budget increases; (2) the
 recipients' fragmentation is mainly due to the donors' proliferation, and
 this has been prevalent since the early stage of aid history; (3)
 non-monotonicity is shown between aid fragmentation and growth, given that
 economies of scale is dominant in the incipient stage of a recipient
 country's growth, but turns out to affect negatively in the long run; (4)
 therefore, the donors' proliferation will eventually harm the recipients'
 growth.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 192-209 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.983537 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.983537 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfram Dressler 
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dressler 
Author-Name: David Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Author-Name: Jessica Clendenning 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clendenning 
Author-Name: Rob Cramb 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cramb 
Author-Name: Sango Mahanty 
Author-X-Name-First: Sango 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahanty 
Author-Name: Rodel Lasco 
Author-X-Name-First: Rodel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lasco 
Author-Name: Rodney Keenan 
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan 
Author-Name: Phuc To 
Author-X-Name-First: Phuc 
Author-X-Name-Last: To 
Author-Name: Dixon Gevana 
Author-X-Name-First: Dixon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gevana 
Title: Examining how long fallow swidden systems impact upon livelihood and ecosystem services outcomes compared with alternative land-uses in the uplands of Southeast Asia 
Abstract:
 Swidden agriculture or shifting cultivation has been practised in the
 uplands of Southeast Asia for centuries and is estimated to support up to
 500 million people - most of whom are poor, natural resource reliant
 uplanders. Recently, however, dramatic land-use transformations have
 generated social, economic and ecological impacts that have affected the
 extent, practice and outcomes of swidden in the region. While certain
 socio-ecological trends are clear, how these broader land-use changes
 impact upon local livelihoods and ecosystem services remains uncertain.
 This systematic review protocol therefore proposes a methodological
 approach to analysing the evidence on the range of possible outcomes such
 land-use changes have on swidden and associated livelihood and ecosystem
 services over time and space.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 210-229 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.991799 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.991799 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Shirzadi Babakan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shirzadi Babakan 
Author-Name: Abbas Alimohammadi 
Author-X-Name-First: Abbas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alimohammadi 
Author-Name: Mohammad Taleai 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taleai 
Title: An agent-based evaluation of impacts of transport developments on the modal shift in Tehran, Iran 
Abstract:
 Changes in travel modes used by people, particularly reduction of the
 private car use, is an important determinant of effectiveness of
 transportation plans. Because of dependencies between the choices of
 residential location and travel mode, integrated modelling of these
 choices has been proposed by some researchers. In this paper, an
 agent-based microsimulation model has been developed to evaluate impacts
 of different transport development plans on choices of residential
 location and commuting mode of tenant households in Tehran, the capital of
 Iran. In the proposed model, households are considered as agents who
 select their desired residential location using a constrained NSGA-II
 algorithm and in a competition with other households. In addition, they
 choose their commuting mode by applying a multicriteria decision-making
 method. Afterwards, effects of development of a new highway, subway and
 bus rapid transit (BRT) line on their residential location and commuting
 mode choices are evaluated. Results show that despite the residential
 self-selection effects, these plans result in considerable changes in the
 commuting mode of different socio-economic categories of households.
 Development of the new subway line shows promising results by reducing the
 private car use among the all socio-economic categories of households. But
 the new highway development unsatisfactorily results in increase in the
 private car use. In addition, development of the new BRT line does not
 show significant effects on the commuting mode change, particularly on
 decrease in the private car use.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 230-251 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.994656 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.994656 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas M. Odhiambo 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Odhiambo 
Author-Name: Lydia Ntenga 
Author-X-Name-First: Lydia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntenga 
Title: The performance of higher education research in South Africa: a post-2004 synthesis 
Abstract:
 This paper aims to examine the performance of higher education research in
 South Africa, since the introduction of the New Funding Formula in 2004.
 The analysis includes both accredited publication research outputs from
 peer-reviewed articles and books and master's and doctoral research
 outputs (based on the number of graduates). The study also compares the
 research publication outputs produced by South African researchers with
 those produced by researchers from other countries. The study shows that
 there has been an overall increase in both masters' and doctoral
 graduates, since the introduction of the New Funding Framework (NFF) in
 2004. Similarly, there has been an increase in the number of publications
 from South African public universities, since the onset of the NFF. The
 study also finds that, although South Africa's research publication
 outputs have increased significantly since 2004, the country's research
 publication output growth is still much lower than those reported in
 countries, such as China, India and Brazil during the same period. This
 paper, therefore, recommends that further studies should be done in order
 to ascertain whether the recent increase in higher education research
 outputs from South Africa is as a result of the country's NFF; or it is
 just a common research trend in the current world of knowledge.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 252-266 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2014.1002522 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2014.1002522 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Author-Name: Philip Davies 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies 
Author-Name: Jyotsna Puri 
Author-X-Name-First: Jyotsna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Puri 
Title: Improving lives through better evidence 
Abstract:
 In 2014, 3ie organised a Festshrift to celebrate the contributions of
 Howard White, 3ie's founding executive director, to development studies.
 In this introductory article, we provide a reflection on the contributions
 made in his career so far. Common themes include substance, namely a focus
 on the poor and disenfranchised; methodology, including theory of change
 and counterfactual analysis; and the promotion of evidence-based policy.
 We present an overview of the papers contained in the issue, which were
 commissioned from colleagues who have worked with Howard over the years. A
 second issue of the <italic>Journal of Development Effectiveness</italic>
 containing further papers commissioned as part of the Festschrift will be
 published in December 2015.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 267-274 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068834 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068834 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:267-274




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Levine 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine 
Author-Name: William Savedoff 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Savedoff 
Title: Aid at the frontier: building knowledge collectively 
Abstract:
 This paper articulates how programme evaluation generally, and impact
 evaluation specifically, contributes to good governance - not by replacing
 politics, but by informing it. We argue that institutions with the mandate
 to accelerate progress in the developing world through aid transfers are
 particularly well suited to fund impact evaluations. We argue, in fact,
 that funding impact evaluations through a collective vehicle like the
 International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) should be a primary
 focus of foreign aid. Finally, we highlight the conditions needed and the
 additional efforts required to yield the full benefits of collective
 investment in finding out what works.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 275-289 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068354 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068354 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:275-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer 
Author-X-Name-First: Naila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer 
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington 
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington 
Title: Economic impacts of conditional cash transfer programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis 
Abstract:
 The results of a systematic review of evidence on the effects of
 conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes on household economic outcomes
 are presented. Out of 1076 original articles found through electronic and
 handsearches, 46 randomised and quasi-experimental impact evaluations were
 eligible for the review. The authors used statistical meta-analysis and
 analysis of programme mechanisms to explore heterogeneity in impacts
 between and within programmes. They conclude that, for households which
 benefited from those CCT programmes which have been rigorously evaluated,
 child labour decreased, particularly for boys, household consumption and
 investment increased and consumption smoothing improved. In addition,
 there were limited effects on girls' labour and mixed effects on adult
 labour supply in beneficiary households. Limited evidence has been
 collected on locality-wide impacts in beneficiary communities.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 290-303 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068833 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068833 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:290-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Moland Gaarder 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie Moland 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder 
Author-Name: Ulrich Bartsch 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartsch 
Title: Creating a market for outcomes: shopping for solutions 
Abstract:
 This article suggests that interactions between development agencies and
 recipient governments are mostly about inputs deemed (but not known) to
 contribute to improvements in living standards in recipient countries,
 rather than outcomes. We argue that the development marketplace is beset
 by market imperfections because of externalities, principal-agent problems
 and decision-making under uncertainty, which not only makes it difficult
 to achieve the right outcomes, but also takes away incentives to learn
 about outcomes. A fundamental rethink of responsibilities and
 accountabilities in the development business would make sure that
 development outcomes are traded in the development marketplace. It would
 put recipient countries in charge of contracting development agencies to
 provide these outcomes. Development agencies would commit to, and be held
 financially accountable for, outcomes, that is, real improvements in
 welfare indicators. We describe the role of the evaluation function in
 aligning incentives with the ultimate goal of improving lives, and provide
 examples of emerging solutions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 304-316 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068357 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068357 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Bamberger 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bamberger 
Title: Innovations in the use of mixed methods in real-world evaluation 
Abstract:
 This article illustrates a number of recent developments in mixed methods
 evaluation. These include how mixed methods can: strengthen the design of
 quantitative impact evaluations, help identify unintended outcomes of
 development programmes, contribute to the evaluation of complex
 development programmes and strengthen the focus of evaluations on equity
 and gender equality. Reference is made to some of Howard White's important
 contributions to these different areas of mixed methods. This article
 concludes with an assessment of the strengths and limitations of mixed
 methods when conducting evaluations under real-world budget, time, data
 and political constraints.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 317-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068832 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068832 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Chambers 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chambers 
Title: Inclusive rigour for complexity 
Abstract:
 Rigour can be reductionist or inclusive. To learn about and understand
 conditions of complexity, emergence, nonlinearity and unpredictability,
 the inclusive rigour of mixed methods has been a step in the right
 direction. From analysis of mixed methods and participatory approaches and
 methods, this article postulates canons for inclusive rigour for research
 and evaluation for complexity: eclectic methodological pluralism;
 improvisation and innovation; adaptive iteration; triangulation; plural
 perspectives; optimal ignorance and appropriate imprecision; and being
 open, alert and inquisitive. Inclusive rigour is inherent in participatory
 methods and approaches, visualisations, group-visual synergy, the
 democracy of the ground and participatory statistics. Transparent
 reflexivity, personal behaviour and attitudes, and good facilitation are
 fundamental. Fully inclusive rigour for complexity demands many personal,
 institutional and professional revolutions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 327-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068356 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068356 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Oya 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oya 
Title: Who counts? Challenges and biases in defining 'households' in research on poverty 
Abstract:
 In an important article published in 2002, H. White made a case for mixed
 methods in poverty analysis and addressed a number of puzzles arising from
 conventional oppositions between quantitative and qualitative approaches.
 One of the examples was the relationship between household size and
 poverty and the related notion of household economies of scale. This paper
 revisits this debate and updates it with new contributions on the use and
 misuse of the 'household' in surveys and censuses, particularly in
 quantitative research designs. Indeed, there is much scope for improving
 the way quantitative survey designs treat the 'household' and for learning
 from qualitative approaches, especially in poor agrarian contexts. Some
 alternative approaches to the household and to sampling decisions in
 survey design for poverty and labour studies are proposed and their
 advantages and disadvantages briefly discussed.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 336-345 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068358 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068358 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:336-345




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset 
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset 
Title: Measuring empowerment in rural India using vignettes 
Abstract:
 Many development projects aim at empowering women. Yet, the measurement of
 empowerment has proved difficult and is riddled with technical and
 conceptual problems. Current approaches rely on long questionnaires and,
 to some extent, on subjective perceptions which are not comparable across
 groups. This article proposes a method for measuring empowerment based on
 vignettes and provides an application to a sample of rural women in Andhra
 Pradesh. The method is simple to administer and addresses biases in
 subjective perceptions. The empirical analysis shows how perceptions vary
 systematically across groups and how they can be corrected for. It is also
 shown how the impact of a project on empowerment can be tested. In this
 application, it is found that differences in self-reported empowerment are
 perceptual and that a self-help group intervention does not increase women
 empowerment.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 346-356 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068355 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068355 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:346-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Leavy 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leavy 
Title: Measuring social networks in three Zambian villages 
Abstract:
 The crucial role played by social context and social networks in exchange
 behaviour, and the social-embeddedness of resources in rural sub-Saharan
 Africa are well documented. Social-embeddedness means more than belonging
 to and participating in groups. This presents a challenge in formalising
 socially embedded market transactions within standard economics
 frameworks. Different social networks measures are constructed using data
 from three Zambian villages and analysed to demonstrate that network
 properties differ significantly for different people. The way we measure
 networks matters. Such fine-grained measures will help future work in
 analysing the role social networks and social-embeddedness play in
 people's lives and decision-making.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 357-374 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068831 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068831 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Fieldwork is easy with eyes closed, misunderstanding all you see ... and other reflections: 3ie annual Howard White inaugural lecture 
Abstract:
 In 2014 an annual lecture series was established in honour of Howard
 White, the first executive director of the International Initiative for
 Impact Evaluation (3ie). Each year, a 3ie selection committee invites a
 distinguished international development professional to deliver a lecture
 on a topic related to 3ie's mission. This paper is a transcription of the
 first lecture in that series, on conducting fieldwork with eyes wide open
 and getting research used. Topics include going deep on context, using
 mixed methods, learning the lessons of history, being memorable and how to
 make a difference.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 375-387 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068359 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068359 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:375-387




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dafni Skalidou 
Author-X-Name-First: Dafni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skalidou 
Title: Coffee certification in East Africa: impact on farmers, families and cooperatives, edited by Ruerd Ruben and Paul Hoebink<break/>Brewing justice - fair trade coffee, sustainability, and survival, by Daniel Jaffee, Berkeley and Los Angeles<break/>The impact of fair trade, edited by Ruerd Ruben 
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 388-392 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1073893 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1073893 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:388-392




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Davies 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies 
Title: Getting evidence into policy and practice 
Abstract:
 A key part of Howard White&#x2019;s work has been getting policymakers and
 other development decision-makers to use high-quality evidence to make
 better decisions. This paper reviews the role of evidence in
 decision-making and some of the key mechanisms by which this can be
 achieved. It recognises the many factors other than evidence that
 influence the decision-making process, and some of the barriers that have
 to be overcome for high-quality evidence to have a contributory role. The
 importance of identifying and using appropriate intermediaries is
 recognised, as is the necessity for clear and accessible communication.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 393-401 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1105279 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1105279 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:393-401




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Title: When will we ever learn &#x2026; to change policy: current state of impact evaluation 
Abstract:
 This article explores the recent past, current status and future of impact
 evaluation (IE) of development interventions. We both review the existing
 literature and conduct key informant interviews with Evaluators and
 Implementers. We provide an overview of the field of IE of development
 interventions, both in terms of conducting IE studies and in terms of
 using IEs for policy change. We also examine the challenges for both
 Evaluators and Implementers in combining IE research with efforts to
 change policy.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 402-422 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1123757 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1123757 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:402-422




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bertha Brice&#xf1;o 
Author-X-Name-First: Bertha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brice&#xf1;o 
Author-Name: Claire Chase 
Author-X-Name-First: Claire 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chase 
Title: Cost-efficiency of rural sanitation promotion: activity-based costing and experimental evidence from Tanzania 
Abstract:
 This paper applies cost-efficiency analysis to an intervention that
 promotes behaviour change for rural sanitation in Tanzania. The campaign
 targets a number of potential beneficiaries, out of which some are
 effectively encouraged to adopt the new practices (beneficiaries). As a
 result, the cost-efficiency of the programme depends on the extent of
 take-up of improved sanitation by the target population, unknown in
 advance. To correctly account for the costs of households gaining access
 under this demand-driven approach, both costs (investments) and increased
 access to sanitation are considered outcomes and are estimated from
 samples of beneficiary and control populations, using a
 randomised-controlled trial design. Results show that sanitation promotion
 did not lead to higher investment relative to the control group and that
 the cost-per-person effectively gaining access to sanitation is
 substantially higher than the cost-per-person targeted or at-reach of the
 campaign. Using these estimates, the authors found that universal coverage
 can be obtained for the equivalent of 4 per cent of Tanzania&#x2019;s
 national GDP (2013). They also used parameters estimated from the study to
 simulate cost-per-person of the programme when take-up increases
 (efficiency gains).
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 423-434 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1105848 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1105848 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:423-434




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masumi Owa 
Author-X-Name-First: Masumi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owa 
Title: Is OECD DAC&#x2019;s aid effectiveness agenda based on evidence? 
Abstract:
 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
 Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is one of the core international
 organisations that has promoted aid effectiveness agenda over the past
 decade. While the OECD DAC claims that its policy is based on evidence,
 the perception of the &#x2018;evidence&#x2019; in relation to aid
 effectiveness agenda is contested, depending on the interpretation, types
 and levels of the &#x2018;evidence&#x2019;. It also argues that one of the
 reasons is related to the DAC&#x2019;s structural obstacle in collecting
 data from recipient countries to build rigorous evidence. Evidence-based
 policymaking in the international organisation is more complicated, with
 various actors who might have diverse understanding of what counts as
 evidence. There is no panacea for evidence-based policymaking as the
 perception and understanding on evidence is diverse.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 435-444 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1098719 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1098719 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:435-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soniya Carvalho 
Author-X-Name-First: Soniya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho 
Author-Name: Gillian M. Perkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Gillian M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perkins 
Author-Name: Gary J. Reid 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reid 
Title: Beginning with the end in mind: implications for project design 
Abstract:
 As with other donor agencies, the World Bank uses an objectives-based
 approach to monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of projects. When
 projects run into problems and fail to meet their objectives, experience
 suggests that many of the problems could have been avoided or mitigated
 through a more systematic focus, from the outset, on the project&#x2019;s
 objectives, the outcomes embedded in those objectives and the associated
 results framework. This article discusses how to improve the prospects of
 achieving sustainable outcomes by addressing specific questions from the
 very start of project design, or, in other words, by beginning with the
 end in mind.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 445-452 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1098720 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1098720 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:445-452




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel Szekely 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szekely 
Title: Closing the evaluation cycle 
Abstract:
 This paper argues that the incentives faced by different actors, and the
 way in which the evaluation function is organised in governments, can
 inhibit evaluation use. Three types of institutional arrangements for
 evaluation are identified in Latin America, and the advantages and
 challenges of the different models are discussed. Some examples of how
 countries have started to close the results-based management cycle under
 different arrangements are presented for Peru and Mexico.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 453-461 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1098718 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1098718 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:453-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurenz Langer 
Author-X-Name-First: Laurenz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Langer 
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart 
Author-Name: Yvonne Erasmus 
Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erasmus 
Author-Name: Thea de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Thea 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Title: Walking the last mile on the long road to evidence-informed development: building capacity to use research evidence 
Abstract:
 The systematic application of rigorous evidence to inform the design and
 implementation of development policies and programmes has the potential to
 positively influence development outcomes. To achieve such
 evidence-informed development, a process of generating, transmitting, and
 using high-quality, policy-relevant evidence of development effectiveness
 is required. This article focuses on the final step in this casual chain
 -- the use of evidence by national development policymakers. It proposes a
 people- and demand-focused approach to capacity building for the use of
 research evidence by policymakers. This support in building personal as
 well as team capacity and demand is assumed to encourage a growing
 institutionalisation of evidence use. The article integrates these
 capacity-building efforts into the wider theory of change for
 evidence-informed development, highlighting the importance of effective
 mechanisms to encourage research use in order to achieve the objective of
 improving lives through research evidence.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 462-470 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1095783 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1095783 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:462-470




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kunal Sen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kunal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen 
Title: Growth versus distribution: revisiting the trade-off 
Abstract:
 In this article, we revisit the growth distribution trade-off, drawing
 from the recent theory and empirics of growth. We differentiate between
 episodes of growth acceleration and episodes of growth maintenance. We
 show that while there may be a trade-off between growth and distribution
 during a growth acceleration, there is no trade-off in growth maintenance.
 During a growth maintenance episode, policies and institutional reforms
 that improve income distribution may actually be growth-enhancing.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 471-483 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1098721 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1098721 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:471-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Author-Name: Maria Ana Jalles d&#x2019;Orey 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalles d&#x2019;Orey 
Author-Name: Maren Duvendack 
Author-X-Name-First: Maren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack 
Author-Name: Lucio Esposito 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Esposito 
Title: The impact of government policies on income inequality and the translation of growth into income poverty reduction: protocol for two systematic reviews 
Abstract:
 The eradication of poverty has been a central aim of international
 development for several decades, and the importance of reducing inequality
 is also increasingly accepted. This paper presents the protocols for two
 systematic reviews on the government policies and interventions that
 affect in-country income inequality and the translation of economic growth
 into reductions in income poverty. The paper describes the background to
 the reviews and the links between them, their aims and scope, the
 inclusion criteria, search strategy and synthesis options.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 484-498 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1105847 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1105847 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amirah El-Haddad 
Author-X-Name-First: Amirah 
Author-X-Name-Last: El-Haddad 
Title: The causal chain of market-based reform in Egyptian voice telecommunication 
Abstract:
 Utility reform swept the developing world in the 1980s and 1990s. This
 case study of the Egyptian telecoms sector shows that regulatory reform
 and liberalisation have created competitive pressures, stripping the
 national monopoly provider, Telecom Egypt (TE), of its market power. The
 market has diversified as the antiquated fixed (land)line system has been
 surpassed by rapid growth in the cellular market. Public sector reform and
 privatisation put efficiency pressures on the national incumbent (TE).
 These pressures resulted in improved outcomes for the main stakeholders,
 consumers, workers and the government, such as reduced prices, increased
 access and service quality.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 499-518 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1105849 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1105849 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:499-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steffen Eriksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Steffen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksen 
Author-Name: Robert Lensink 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lensink 
Title: Measuring the impact of an ongoing microcredit project: evidence from a study in Ghana 
Abstract:
 This article uses a mixed method approach to assess the impact of a
 microfinance organisation in Ghana. By combining propensity score matching
 with a double-difference method, the authors determine that microcredit
 has a positive effect on expenditures but does not positively affect a
 series of other outcome variables. A list experiment further suggests that
 microcredit loan proceeds often are not spent productively.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 519-529 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1095782 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1095782 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:519-529




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jorge Garc&#xed;a Hombrados 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garc&#xed;a Hombrados 
Author-Name: Maira Devisscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Maira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Devisscher 
Author-Name: Mar&#xed;a Herreros Mart&#xed;nez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar&#xed;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Herreros Mart&#xed;nez 
Title: The Impact of land titling on agricultural production and agricultural investments in Tanzania: a theory-based approach 
Abstract:
 This paper uses cross-sectional agricultural and household surveys
 conducted in 2008 and 2009 to examine the impact of land titles on
 agricultural outcomes combining the use of a theory-based approach and a
 propensity score matching. The results of the analysis reveal no
 signi&#xfb01;cant impact of land titles on agricultural production,
 agricultural investments and long-term maximisation agricultural behaviour
 once differences in covariates between households and plots with and
 without land titles are taken into account. In fact, there is no
 indication of relevant impacts of land titles on access to credit and on
 perceived tenure security either, pointing to a break at an early stage in
 the causal chain of impact. The results are overall robust to the
 selection of the matching method and to different specifications of the
 matching equation. Finally, the study discusses some aspects of the
 institutional context that could help to explain why land titling in
 Tanzania has failed to bring about the expected changes in agricultural
 outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 530-544 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1105850 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1105850 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:530-544




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drew B. Cameron 
Author-X-Name-First: Drew B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron 
Author-Name: Anjini Mishra 
Author-X-Name-First: Anjini 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra 
Author-Name: Annette N. Brown 
Author-X-Name-First: Annette N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown 
Title: The growth of impact evaluation for international development: how much have we learned? 
Abstract:
 This article examines the content of a web-based repository of published
 impact evaluations of international development interventions. To populate
 this repository, we conducted a systematic search and screening process.
 We find that of the 2259 studies published from 1981 to 2012, annual
 publication increased dramatically after 2008. Most studies are on health,
 education, social protection and agriculture and are concentrated in South
 Asia, East Africa, South and Central America and Southeast Asia. There are
 statistically significant differences in time between end line data
 collection and publishing by the publication type, and institutional
 affiliation of authors has shifted towards countries in North America and
 Europe.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 1-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1034156 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1034156 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edgar F.A. Cooke 
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar F.A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooke 
Author-Name: Sarah Hague 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hague 
Author-Name: Luca Tiberti 
Author-X-Name-First: Luca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiberti 
Author-Name: John Cockburn 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cockburn 
Author-Name: Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga 
Author-X-Name-First: Abdel-Rahmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: El Lahga 
Title: Estimating the impact on poverty of Ghana&#x2019;s fuel subsidy reform and a mitigating response 
Abstract:
 The study simulates the welfare implications of the fuel subsidy reform
 carried out in early 2013 and the required scaling up of cash transfers to
 mitigate the impact of the subsidy removal on poor households in Ghana.
 Approximately 78 per cent of fuel subsidies benefited the wealthiest
 group, with less than 3 per cent reaching the poorest quintiles. We find
 that the removal of the fuel subsidies, by causing an increase in prices,
 results in a negative impact on household welfare. The negative effect is
 worst for the poorest group who experience reduction in their total
 consumption of 2.1 per cent. The simulation estimates that the poverty
 rate rises by 1.5 percentage points leading to an additional 395,180
 individuals being pushed into poverty.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 105-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1064148 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1064148 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:105-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caio Piza 
Author-X-Name-First: Caio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piza 
Author-Name: Mauricio Jos&#xe9; Serpa Barros de Moura 
Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Jos&#xe9; Serpa Barros 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Moura 
Title: The effect of a land titling programme on households&#x2019; access to credit 
Abstract:
 This paper assesses the effects of property titling on households&#x2019;
 access to and use of credit by focusing on household responses to an
 exogenous change in their formal ownership status. We isolate the credit
 effect on legal ownership by comparing households from communities in
 Osasco, Brazil. Our statistical estimates suggest that land titling
 increases credit use, decreases reliance on credit borrowed from
 relatives, and increases credit borrowed from commercial banks. We also
 find that treated households increased their consumption of time-saving
 durable goods, which explains an observed reallocation of time among
 household members, with adults working more and children less.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 129-155 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1057859 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1057859 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Angelucci 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angelucci 
Author-Name: V. Di Maro 
Author-X-Name-First: V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Maro 
Title: Programme evaluation and spillover effects 
Abstract:
 This paper is a practical guide for researchers and practitioners who want
 to understand spillover effects in programme evaluation. It defines
 spillover effects and discusses why it is important to measure them. It
 explains how to design a field experiment to measure the average effects
 of the treatment on subjects, both eligible and ineligible, for the
 programme in the presence of spillover effects. In addition, it discusses
 the use of nonexperimental methods for estimating spillover effects when
 the experimental design is not a viable option. Evaluations that account
 for spillover effects should be designed such that they explain both the
 cause of these effects and whom they affect. Such an evaluation design is
 necessary to avoid inappropriate policy recommendations and neglecting
 important mechanisms through which the programme operates.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 22-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1033441 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1033441 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Grider 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grider 
Author-Name: Bruce Wydick 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wydick 
Title: Wheels of fortune: the economic impacts of wheelchair provision in Ethiopia 
Abstract:
 Although approximately 1 billion people in the world live with physical
 disabilities, there is a lack of rigorous research on the economic impacts
 of providing assistive devices for persons with disabilities. This study
 involves 261 people with disabilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where 121
 had received wheelchair donations through nonprofit organisations. Using
 covariate matching (CVM), seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and a
 series of robustness checks for endogeneity, it is found that those given
 access to a wheelchair devoted 1.75 more hours per day to work, 1.40 fewer
 hours per day to street begging and realised a 77.5 per cent increase in
 income. Results point to a 122 per cent internal rate of return based on
 new income created from wheelchair donation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 44-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1064986 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1064986 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andr&#xe9;s Mideros 
Author-X-Name-First: Andr&#xe9;s 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mideros 
Author-Name: Franziska Gassmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Franziska 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassmann 
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen 
Title: Estimation of rates of return on social protection: ex ante microsimulation of social transfers in Cambodia 
Abstract:
 This study estimates the rates of return of non-contributory social
 transfer programmes in Cambodia using household-level data and going
 beyond standard cost--efficiency analyses by developing a dynamic
 microsimulation model. It shows that social protection promotes equitable
 economic growth by enhancing human capital and fostering economic
 performance at the micro level. A positive rate of return is achieved
 after 12 periods and can reach between 12 per cent and 15 per cent after
 20 periods. This study shows that microsimulation models can be extended
 in order to analyse the long-term economic returns on social protection.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 67-86 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1025815 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1025815 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:67-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theda G&#xf6;decke 
Author-X-Name-First: Theda 
Author-X-Name-Last: G&#xf6;decke 
Author-Name: Hermann Waibel 
Author-X-Name-First: Hermann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waibel 
Title: Does the underlying definition of household impair programme targeting? 
Abstract:
 Based on a unique dataset for a rural Thai village, this article
 investigates the relationship between the definition of household and how
 rural development, poverty reduction and social protection programmes are
 targeted. In particular, this case study simulates the effects of altering
 the residency criterion of the household definition, that is, the duration
 of residence, on household welfare statistics. We show that identification
 errors in development programmes are frequently caused by alternative
 residency criteria. We conclude that applying a multi-location definition
 of household may lead to more accurate government budgeting in countries
 characterised by frequent migration.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 87-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1079793 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1079793 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:87-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Copestake 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Copestake 
Author-Name: Anne-Marie O&#x2019;Riordan 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: O&#x2019;Riordan 
Author-Name: Myriam Telford 
Author-X-Name-First: Myriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Telford 
Title: Justifying development financing of small NGOs: impact evidence, political expedience and the case of the UK Civil Society Challenge Fund 
Abstract:
 We review government funding of small NGOs as a mechanism to promote
 international development, taking the UK Civil Society Challenge Fund
 (CSCF) as a case study. Within a broad institutional economics
 perspective, we contrast two possible justifications for such support --
 evidence of positive impact and political expedience. Qualitative research
 suggests that empirical evidence of the positive impact of NGO actions
 funded through CSCF was relatively weak. Political expedience helps to
 explain why this was tolerated. The failure to generate better impact
 evidence can also be attributed to the lack of consensus about how to do
 so more rigorously, combined with a willingness to give small NGOs the
 benefit of the doubt in the absence of credible negative evidence of
 impact.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 157-170 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1150317 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1150317 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:157-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Espen Villanger 
Author-X-Name-First: Espen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villanger 
Author-Name: Rob Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd 
Author-Name: Derek Poate 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poate 
Author-Name: Merima Ali 
Author-X-Name-First: Merima 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali 
Title: Why can we not demonstrate the difference that Norwegian aid makes? An evaluation of the results measurement system and practice 
Abstract:
 We assess why the Norwegian aid administration is not able to document its
 results. We find that the system is not designed to provide the necessary
 documentation for results assessments, the staff are not trained in a way
 that would ensure adequate competence, the quality assurance functions are
 only sporadically used to promote results measurement and technical advice
 and support functions are not structured in a way to make them useful to
 staff. Moreover, among the system components that actually do promote and
 support evaluability, very few are used appropriately in practice. We
 conclude that poor implementation of the current system, lack of
 leadership and staff incentives are key factors that can explain the
 inadequate results&#x2019; documentation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 171-195 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1096297 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1096297 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:171-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ummul Ruthbah 
Author-X-Name-First: Ummul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruthbah 
Author-Name: Atonu Rabbani 
Author-X-Name-First: Atonu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rabbani 
Author-Name: Salim Hossain 
Author-X-Name-First: Salim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain 
Author-Name: Golam Sarwar 
Author-X-Name-First: Golam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarwar 
Title: Do extra hours of tutoring payoff? Evaluation of a community education programme in Bangladesh 
Abstract:
 Primary school dropout rate in Bangladesh is very high. Both the
 government and the NGOs have taken many initiatives to raise the quality
 of education and reduce the dropout rate. In this study we explore the
 impacts of supplementary tutoring provided to primary school students in
 different districts of Bangladesh. The goal of this programme is to reduce
 dropouts and to improve the class performance of the primary school
 students. We find that after-hour tutoring, offered to Grade 2 students,
 helped them to continue up to Grade 5. However, it did not exhibit any
 significant impact on test scores.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 196-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1111922 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1111922 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:196-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haeil Jung 
Author-X-Name-First: Haeil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung 
Author-Name: Amer Hasan 
Author-X-Name-First: Amer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan 
Title: The impact of early childhood education on early achievement gaps in Indonesia 
Abstract:
 This study assesses whether the Indonesia Early Childhood Education and
 Development (ECED) project had an impact on early achievement gaps as
 measured by an array of child development outcomes and enrolment. First,
 using a fixed-effects model with a difference-in-difference estimator that
 compares children in project villages with those in non-project villages,
 we find that the positive impacts are concentrated among poor children.
 Second, extending our fixed-effects model, we also find that the
 achievement gap between richer and poorer children in project villages
 decreased on many dimensions compared with the achievement gap in
 non-project villages.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 216-233 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1088054 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1088054 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:216-233




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brooke L. Krause 
Author-X-Name-First: Brooke L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krause 
Author-Name: Aine Seitz McCarthy 
Author-X-Name-First: Aine Seitz 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy 
Author-Name: David Chapman 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapman 
Title: Fuelling financial literacy: estimating the impact of youth entrepreneurship training in Tanzania 
Abstract:
 Training programmes are popular development interventions that aim to
 address problems of youth unemployment. This paper estimates the impact of
 a youth entrepreneurship programme in Tanzania on financial literacy and
 employment knowledge. Using primary data within a successive cohort design
 in a community-led programme, the authors employed propensity score
 matching and fixed-effect estimation methods to assess changes in
 knowledge, skills and attitudes of marginalised youth. They found strong
 positive effects of the programme on key intermediate employment outcomes:
 savings ability, employment confidence and personal finance. The positive
 impact of this programme supports youth entrepreneurship training
 programme and non-experimental evaluation methods.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 234-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1092463 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1092463 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:234-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Wydick 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wydick 
Title: Microfinance on the margin: why recent impact studies may understate average treatment effects 
Abstract:
 A series of recent randomised trials estimate the impact of microfinance
 on incomes, consumption, and other key measures of welfare. This comment
 demonstrates why impact estimates obtained from experimental designs
 focusing on marginal microfinance borrowers are likely to understate the
 impacts yet realised by inframarginal borrowers, those having taken
 microfinance loans prior to implementation of an experiment, when field
 experiments are implemented in areas broadly served by microfinance.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 257-265 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1121512 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1121512 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:257-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lindy C. Charlery 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindy C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charlery 
Author-Name: Matin Qaim 
Author-X-Name-First: Matin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qaim 
Author-Name: Carsten Smith-Hall 
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith-Hall 
Title: Impact of infrastructure on rural household income and inequality in Nepal 
Abstract:
 Weak public infrastructure may contribute to poverty and inequality.
 Studies have found that roads are a key factor affecting rural incomes in
 developing countries. Yet, there is relatively scant evidence of the
 economic impacts of rural roads at the individual household level. This
 study contributes to the literature by empirically analysing the effects
 of rural road construction on household income and income inequality in
 Nepal. Using a quasi-experimental design, a difference-in-difference
 approach is developed and employed to analyse household
 (<italic>n</italic>&#xa0;=&#xa0;177) data before and after road
 construction. We find that the new road had a significantly positive
 impact on mean household income of USD 235 (28%). Contrary to
 expectations, we do not find an increase in income inequality. Compared to
 the counterfactual site, it appears that the road has rather contributed
 to decreasing income inequality. The poorest households gained most from
 the road construction, making it a pro-poor development intervention.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 266-286 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1079794 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1079794 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:266-286




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivian Welch 
Author-X-Name-First: Vivian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Welch 
Author-Name: Mark Petticrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petticrew 
Author-Name: Jennifer Petkovic 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petkovic 
Author-Name: David Moher 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moher 
Author-Name: Elizabeth Waters 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waters 
Author-Name: Howard White 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Author-Name: Peter Tugwell 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tugwell 
Author-Name:  the PRISMA-Equity Bellagio group 
Author-X-Name-First:  
Author-X-Name-Last: the PRISMA-Equity Bellagio group 
Title: Extending the PRISMA statement to equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-E 2012): explanation and elaboration 
Abstract:
 The promotion of health equity, the absence of avoidable and unfair
 differences in health outcomes, is a global imperative. Systematic reviews
 are an important source of evidence for health decision-makers, but have
 been found to lack assessments of the intervention effects on health
 equity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
 Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) is a 27-item checklist intended to improve the
 transparency and reporting of systematic reviews. We developed an equity
 extension for PRISMA (PRISMA-E 2012) to help systematic reviewers
 identify, extract, and synthesise evidence on equity in systematic
 reviews. In this explanation and elaboration paper we provide the
 rationale for each extension item. These items are additions or
 modifications to the existing PRISMA Statement items, in order to
 incorporate a focus on equity. An example of good reporting is provided
 for each item as well as the original PRISMA item. This explanation and
 elaboration document is intended to accompany the PRISMA-E 2012 Statement
 and the PRISMA Statement to improve understanding of the reporting
 guideline for users. The PRISMA-E 2012 reporting guideline is intended to
 improve the transparency and completeness of the reporting of
 equity-focused systematic reviews. Improved reporting can lead to better
 judgement of applicability by policymakers, which may result in more
 appropriate policies and programmes and may contribute to reductions in
 health inequities. To encourage wide dissemination of this article it is
 accessible on the International Journal for Equity in Health, Journal of
 Clinical Epidemiology, and Journal of Development Effectiveness websites.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness 
Pages: 287-324 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 8 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1113196 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2015.1113196 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:287-324




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghulam Muhammad Shah
Author-X-Name-First: Ghulam Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah
Author-Name: Apsara Karki Nepal
Author-X-Name-First: Apsara
Author-X-Name-Last: Karki Nepal
Author-Name: Golam Rasul
Author-X-Name-First: Golam
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasul
Author-Name: Farid Ahmad
Author-X-Name-First: Farid
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad
Title: Value chain development of bay leaf in Nepal: an impact assessment
Abstract: 
 We assessed an impact of bay leaf value chain intervention programme on household welfare in mountain agroforestry context. We used primary survey data from project and comparison villages and propensity score matching for creating a valid counterfactual. Results indicate that households in the project villages planted 75 per cent more bay leaf trees, produced 170 per cent more bay leaves and sold more quality products at higher prices than households in comparison villages; per-capita household income increased by NPR 5000–7300, share of bay leaf income in total household income increased by 8–10 per cent and level of poverty declined by 6–8 per cent. Households with female respondents benefited more in some aspects but not so in others, especially in enrolling children in school.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 179-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1438494
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1438494
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:179-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivy Blackmore
Author-X-Name-First: Ivy
Author-X-Name-Last: Blackmore
Author-Name: Carolyn Lesorogol
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Lesorogol
Author-Name: Lora Iannotti
Author-X-Name-First: Lora
Author-X-Name-Last: Iannotti
Title: Small livestock and aquaculture programming impacts on household livelihood security: a systematic narrative review
Abstract: 
 Small livestock and aquaculture production is thought to positively impact the livelihood security of poor rural households in low-income economies. A systematic narrative review conducted for evidence of this impact found only 29 studies that met the reviews inclusion and classification criteria. These studies indicate that raising small livestock and fish can improve income and nutrition, but results regarding women’s empowerment, disease, and the environment are mixed. More high-quality research is needed to understand the positive and negative impacts of production on human well-being. Future development programming should focus on implementing and evaluating multidimensional programmes and mixed farming systems.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 197-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1452777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1452777
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:197-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Todd Pugatch
Author-X-Name-First: Todd
Author-X-Name-Last: Pugatch
Author-Name: Elizabeth Schroeder
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Schroeder
Title: Teacher pay and student performance: evidence from the Gambian hardship allowance
Abstract: 
 More than two dozen developing countries have implemented policies to increase teacher compensation in rural schools. We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30–40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on student performance. A geographic discontinuity in the policy’s implementation provides identifying variation. We find no effects of the hardship allowance on average test scores. However, we find suggestive evidence that student performance improved at the top of the test score distribution and fell at the bottom. Our findings indicate that the substantial, unconditional salary increases earned by Gambian teachers had little to no effect on average student performance, with gains limited to the best students.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 249-276
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1452778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1452778
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:249-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Raifman
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Raifman
Author-Name: Felix Lam
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam
Author-Name: Janeen Madan Keller
Author-X-Name-First: Janeen
Author-X-Name-Last: Madan Keller
Author-Name: Alexander Radunsky
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Radunsky
Author-Name: William Savedoff
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Savedoff
Title: How well are aid agencies evaluating programs? An assessment of the quality of global health evaluations
Abstract: 
 Evaluations are key to learning and accountability. We assessed the methodological quality of 37 randomly selected programme evaluations from 5 major global health funders. Two researchers rated each evaluation for relevance, validity, and reliability and met to resolve discrepancies. Most evaluations asked questions relevant to the health programme, but less than 40 per cent of impact evaluations and less than 10 per cent of performance evaluations used relevant data, followed accepted social science methods for sampling, or had high analytical validity and reliability. There is a need to improve the methodological quality of programme evaluations.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 277-289
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1452779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1452779
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:277-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Heyward
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Heyward
Author-Name: Aos Santosa Hadiwijaya
Author-X-Name-First: Aos
Author-X-Name-Last: Santosa Hadiwijaya
Author-Name:  Mahargianto
Author-X-Name-First: 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahargianto
Author-Name: Edy Priyono
Author-X-Name-First: Edy
Author-X-Name-Last: Priyono
Title: Reforming teacher deployment in Indonesia
Abstract: 
 This paper reports on a mixed-method, multiple-site study of teacher deployment in Indonesian primary schools. Results from a sample of 23 districts were analysed at district and national level. Substantial disparities in teacher distribution were found in all districts, between schools, between sub-districts and between specialist subjects. Two main issues emerged: uneven teacher distribution and small schools. The study found that a policy research approach which addresses political and cultural, as well as technical, dimensions at sub-national level can succeed in improving teacher deployment where previous efforts have failed.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 245-262
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1301978
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1301978
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:245-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Devereux
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Devereux
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Author-Name: Rachel Sabates-Wheeler
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabates-Wheeler
Author-Name: Michael Samson
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Samson
Author-Name: Althea-Maria Rivas
Author-X-Name-First: Althea-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Rivas
Author-Name: Dolf te Lintelo
Author-X-Name-First: Dolf
Author-X-Name-Last: te Lintelo
Title: The targeting effectiveness of social transfers
Abstract: 
 Many methodologies exist for dividing a population into those who are classified as eligible for social transfers and those who are ineligible. Popular targeting mechanisms include means tests, proxy means tests, categorical, geographic, community-based and self-selection. This paper reviews empirical evidence from a range of social protection programmes on the accuracy of these mechanisms, in terms of minimising four targeting errors: inclusion and exclusion, by eligibility and by poverty. This paper also reviews available evidence on the various costs associated with targeting, not only administrative but also private, social, psycho-social, incentive-based and political costs. Comparisons are difficult, but all mechanisms generate targeting errors and costs. Given the inevitability of trade-offs, there is no ‘best’ mechanism for targeting social transfers. The key determinant of relative accuracy and cost-effectiveness in each case is how well the targeting mechanism is designed and implemented.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 162-211
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1305981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1305981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:162-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Kidd
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Kidd
Title: Social exclusion and access to social protection schemes
Abstract: 
 This article examines the barriers that people in developing countries face when attempting to access social protection schemes, and the extent to which this is explained by social exclusion. It shows how eligible people are excluded from social protection schemes for multiple and complex reasons, including policy decisions on coverage and budgets, challenges caused by scheme design and implementation, and differing capabilities of people to access schemes and overcome barriers to inclusion. Furthermore, the paper also describes how exclusion not only happens during the identification and registration of beneficiaries but also at other points in the operational cycle of social protection programmes, such as during the payment of transfers and enforcement of conditions. The paper also shows how barriers to exclusion have been addressed, drawing on experience from across the world.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 212-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1305982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1305982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:212-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Author-Name: Saltanat Rasulova
Author-X-Name-First: Saltanat
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasulova
Title: Qualitative research and the evaluation of development impact: incorporating authenticity into the assessment of rigour
Abstract: 
 Renewed attention is being paid to the quality of qualitative research in studies of development impact in the wake of intense debate over the role of randomised control trials. These debates raised the bar over quality while also provoking concerns about whose voices matter and the politics of evidence-based policymaking. This article argues that both of these issues can be addressed through Guba and Lincoln’s trustworthiness criteria, and particularly the principle of authenticity which was developed to respond to demands for research to be transformative and emancipatory. Adopting these criteria in commissioned evaluations as checklist, ‘artefacts’ are a means to improve rigour and raise ethical standards.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 263-276
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1306577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1306577
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:263-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Z. Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Amy Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Jeremy Fischer
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer
Author-Name: Andrew Fraker
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraker
Author-Name: Neil Buddy Shah
Author-X-Name-First: Neil Buddy
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah
Author-Name: Stuart Shirrell
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Shirrell
Author-Name: Daniel Stein
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Stein
Title: Welfare impacts of an entry-level solar home system in Uganda
Abstract: 
 Home solar systems have the promise of bringing great welfare benefits to poor households without access to the electricity grid. We study the welfare impacts brought by the purchase of a popular home solar system in Uganda, d.light’s D20g, and estimate impacts using prospective individual-level matching. We find substantial impacts on energy spending, with treatment households saving approximately 1.40 USD/week, which corresponds to 77 per cent of the comparison group’s weekly energy expenditure. Assuming this savings stays constant, households will break even on their initial purchase after 3.14 years, and accrue net energy savings of 134 USD over the 5-year expected lifetime of the D20g. We also find improved self-reported health and safety outcomes, as treatment households reported fewer lower incidence of coughing (9 percentage points). They also report a nearly complete elimination of fires and burns from lighting sources, compared to around 10 per cent of households reporting such incidents in the comparison group. We do not find impact on productive time use such as studying or working.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 277-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1307248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1307248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:277-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Title: Effective targeting of social programmes: an overview of issues
Abstract: 
 Targeting is the process by which specific populations, usually ‘the poor’, are identified and reached to receive development programmes. There are various approaches which are used, intended to overcome the costs and problems of means tested perfect targeting. This paper reviews the issues and presents an analytic framework for targeting to introduce the papers in this special section. Whilst there is no one ideal approach to targeting for all contexts, I argue that principles can be derived for general guidelines, making some initial suggestions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 145-161
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1317282
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1317282
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:145-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shayda Mae Sabet
Author-X-Name-First: Shayda Mae
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabet
Author-Name: Annette N. Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Annette N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Title: Is impact evaluation still on the rise? The new trends in 2010&#x2013;2015
Abstract: 
 This article examines the content of a web-based repository of published international development impact evaluations created by the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) in 2012. In 2015, the authors of this article along with a team of reviewers at 3ie used an updated search and screening protocol to identify new impact evaluation studies published until September 2015. By using systematic search and screening techniques to populate the repository, which contains 4,205 development impact evaluations published between 1981 and September 2015, we can use the data to analyse the trends in impact evaluation research. Though we find early evidence of a plateau in the growth rate of development impact evaluations, the number of studies published between January 2010 and September 2015 account for almost two thirds of the total evidence base. Over half of all studies fall under health and education sectors, though we see in the current decade an emergence of studies in formerly unrepresented sectors. While development impact evaluations are concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America (60%), studies are increasingly conducted in underrepresented regions such as the Middle East and North Africa.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 291-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1483414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1483414
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:291-304




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandy Oliver
Author-X-Name-First: Sandy
Author-X-Name-Last: Oliver
Author-Name: David Gough
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Gough
Author-Name: James Copestake
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Copestake
Author-Name: James Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Title: Approaches to evidence synthesis in international development: a research agenda
Abstract: 
 This article discusses the spectrum of synthesis methods available to generate, explore and text theory, their value to the field of international development and innovations required to make better use of the primary research available. It argues for clearer distinctions between syntheses produced as public goods and those tailored to specific circumstances, and strengthening knowledge systems through greater use of maps to navigate existing and missing evidence, harmonised outcomes and measures, and advances in automation technologies. Improved methods and guidance are required for synthesising formative research and investigating contextual factors. Engaging stakeholders and working across academic disciplines support the production of policy-relevant syntheses and inspire methods development.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 305-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1478875
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1478875
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:305-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minhaj Mahmud
Author-X-Name-First: Minhaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmud
Author-Name: Yasuyuki Sawada
Author-X-Name-First: Yasuyuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Sawada
Title: Infrastructure and well-being: employment effects of Jamuna bridge in Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 We evaluate the impact of the Jamuna multipurpose bridge, the largest physical infrastructure in Bangladesh, on employment opportunities. We particularly focus on labour market integration effects using survey data that provide information on current and retrospective assessments of household situation in two adjacent districts connected by the bridge. Using a quasiexperimental framework of the canonical difference-in-difference regression methodology, we analyse the impact of this infrastructure on employment and job transition patterns. We find that, along with decreasing household unemployment, the bridge construction facilitated farm-to nonfarm shift of employments. Also, the treatment effects are heterogeneous across age groups.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 327-340
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1483415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1483415
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:327-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neha Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Neha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: Phuong Hong Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Phuong Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Jody Harris
Author-X-Name-First: Jody
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris
Author-Name: Danny Harvey
Author-X-Name-First: Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Harvey
Author-Name: Rahul Rawat
Author-X-Name-First: Rahul
Author-X-Name-Last: Rawat
Author-Name: Marie T Ruel
Author-X-Name-First: Marie T
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruel
Title: What it takes: evidence from a nutrition- and gender-sensitive agriculture intervention in rural Zambia
Abstract: 
 The Realigning Agriculture for Improved Nutrition (RAIN) project was designed to address child undernutrition through a multisectoral approach which integrated agricultural diversification to improve access to nutritious foods, the promotion of gender equality and women&#x2019;s empowerment and nutrition behaviour change communication to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge and practices. This paper presents the intention-to-treat impacts of the RAIN project on women&#x2019;s empowerment, IYCF knowledge and practices and child anthropometry. Findings on programme impacts on agricultural production, household food security and dietary diversity and maternal and child dietary diversity are reported elsewhere. The RAIN project had positive effects on women&#x2019;s empowerment, IYCF knowledge, child morbidity and weight-for-height z-scores, but had little impacts on IYCF practices, and no impact on stunting. Strengthening programme implementation and fostering higher participation rates could support greater impacts on child nutrition outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 341-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1478874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1478874
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mich&#xE9;e A. Lachaud
Author-X-Name-First: Mich&#xE9;e A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lachaud
Author-Name: Boris E. Bravo-Ureta
Author-X-Name-First: Boris E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bravo-Ureta
Author-Name: Nathan Fiala
Author-X-Name-First: Nathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiala
Author-Name: Susana P. Gonzalez
Author-X-Name-First: Susana P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez
Title: The impact of agri-business skills training in Zimbabwe: an evaluation of the Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE) programme
Abstract: 
 This study presents an evaluation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE) programme as implemented in Zimbabwe. The programme&#x2019;s goal was to improve the labour market outcomes of young people in rural areas. We apply Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences methods on a two-period retrospective panel data survey (2011 and 2014) to control for biases stemming from observed and unobserved time-invariant characteristics between TREE beneficiaries and a constructed control group. We find that TREE increased beneficiaries&#x2019; income by US $787, as well as child and health expenditures by US $236 and US $101, respectively, compared to non-beneficiaries over the 2011&#x2013;2014 programme implementation period.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 373-391
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1464494
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1464494
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 392-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1485545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1485545
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:392-392




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: iii-iii
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1493411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1493411
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xavier Cirera
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier
Author-X-Name-Last: Cirera
Author-Name: Rajith W. D. Lakshman
Author-X-Name-First: Rajith W. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lakshman
Title: The impact of export processing zones on employment, wages and labour conditions in developing countries: systematic review
Abstract: 
 One of the most common instruments of industrial policy is Export Processing Zones (EPZs). This paper shows the results of a systematic review of the impact of EPZs on employment, wages and labour conditions in developing countries. The results of synthesising 59 studies suggest that there is no robust evidence that the employment created in the zones is additional. Also, in most cases, EPZs pay higher wages and do not contribute to increase the gender wage gap. The results regarding labour conditions such as health and safety, unionisation or hours worked are mixed when comparing with firms outside the EPZ.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 344-360
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1309448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1309448
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pepijn Schreinemachers
Author-X-Name-First: Pepijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Schreinemachers
Author-Name: Dhruba Raj Bhattarai
Author-X-Name-First: Dhruba Raj
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattarai
Author-Name: Giri Dhari Subedi
Author-X-Name-First: Giri Dhari
Author-X-Name-Last: Subedi
Author-Name: Tej Prasad Acharya
Author-X-Name-First: Tej Prasad
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya
Author-Name: Hsiao-pu Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiao-pu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Ray-yu Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Ray-yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Narayan Kaji Kashichhawa
Author-X-Name-First: Narayan Kaji
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashichhawa
Author-Name: Upendra Dhungana
Author-X-Name-First: Upendra
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhungana
Author-Name: Gregory C. Luther
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Luther
Author-Name: Maureen Mecozzi
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mecozzi
Title: Impact of school gardens in Nepal: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Abstract: 
 This study evaluates the combined impact of school gardens linked to complementary lessons and promotional activities about gardening and nutrition on the nutritional awareness, knowledge, perceptions, eating behaviour and nutritional status of 10- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Nepal. We used a cluster randomised controlled trial design to collect data from 30 schools and a sample of 1275 and 785 schoolchildren for the 2014 and 2015 school years, respectively. After one year of intervention, we found a significant (p &lt; 0.01) increase in children’s awareness about fruit and vegetables, their knowledge about sustainable agriculture, their knowledge about food, nutrition and health and their stated preferences for eating fruit and vegetables. However, these improvements in intermediary outcomes did not translate into significant improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption or nutritional status. To influence children’s food decisions, it may be required to work more intensively with parents and to increase the availability of fruit and vegetables at the household and community level.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 329-343
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1311356
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1311356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anselm Rink
Author-X-Name-First: Anselm
Author-X-Name-Last: Rink
Author-Name: Ramona Wong-Grünwald
Author-X-Name-First: Ramona
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong-Grünwald
Title: How effective are HIV behaviour change interventions? Experimental evidence from Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 There is growing evidence that HIV behaviour change interventions can increase knowledge but have little effect on behaviour. We revisit this conclusion by evaluating a popular educational tool for teaching young people about HIV – the ‘Join-In Circuit on AIDS, Love, and Sexuality’. The tool has been implemented in over 20 countries, reaching out to more than 230,000 people. We present evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Zimbabwe that randomly assigned 3661 individuals to the intervention. Using survey evidence, we find that the intervention increased knowledge both for assigned participants and nearby residents. While most behavioural outcomes are unaffected, individuals assigned to theJIC also report 0.5 fewer sex partners and are more likely to utilise social networks to talk about sexually transmitted infections. Problematically, the intervention also decreased confidence to practice safe sex. Using focus group discussions, we attribute the negative outcome to two unintended side effects. First, the intervention contradicted sociocultural norms, creating uncertainty about correct behaviour. Second, by being exposed to information about the many risks of sexual intercourse, participants felt overwhelmed and less confident to practice safe sex.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 361-388
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1327880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1327880
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffery H. Marshall
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffery H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marshall
Author-Name: Seng Bunly
Author-X-Name-First: Seng
Author-X-Name-Last: Bunly
Title: School grants and school performance in rural Cambodia
Abstract: 
 We analyse a school grant programme (Education Sector Support Scale-Up Project) implemented in roughly 600 rural primary schools in Cambodia. Detailed data from site visits are augmented with administrative data covering pre- and post-treatment years. Treatment effects are estimated using matching and fixed-effects methods. We find that school grant participation did increase budget resources, although the net impact fell short of the intended per-pupil target. Intermediate impacts in school management and community participation are mixed, but there is little evidence of increased parental engagement or satisfaction. School grants are associated with higher pass rates and student achievement levels, but these are concentrated in the earliest programme entrants, with some tapering in the post-programme period. The results highlight the challenges of instigating far-reaching changes in school management dynamics in the kinds of communities often targeted for school-based management reforms.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 305-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1338306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1338306
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Winther
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja
Author-X-Name-Last: Winther
Author-Name: Margaret N. Matinga
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matinga
Author-Name: Kirsten Ulsrud
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulsrud
Author-Name: Karina Standal
Author-X-Name-First: Karina
Author-X-Name-Last: Standal
Title: Women’s empowerment through electricity access: scoping study and proposal for a framework of analysis
Abstract: 
 This article reviews the empirical literature on women’s empowerment through electricity access and the methodologies that have been used. Statistical studies have looked at areas with access to the grid and measured the impact on welfare indicators and employment. Qualitatively oriented studies have looked at various types of supply and studied how electricity access in a given context has influenced women and men in everyday life, sometimes focusing on the role of the design of the systems of supply and the process of electrification. The overall results show that electricity access benefits the welfare of women as well as men, but that the impact on gender relations remains largely unclear. With the ambition to better understand the gendered nature – and impacts – of various types of electricity access, we develop a framework for analysing women’s empowerment through electricity and subsequently illustrate its applications by drawing on the reviewed empirical literature.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 389-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1343368
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1343368
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leonard Wantchekon
Author-X-Name-First: Leonard
Author-X-Name-Last: Wantchekon
Title: Policy deliberation and voter persuasion: estimating intrinsic causal effects of town hall meetings
Abstract: 
 Institutions are a vital part of the way we make decisions about policies and implement them, but most randomised experiments only focus on the policy itself. In this lecture, I call for more rigorous evaluations of political institutions and policymaking and discuss how this can work in practice with reference to work my colleagues and I did in Benin and the Philippines. We randomly assigned districts in both countries to use either standard, clientilistic campaign messaging or broad-based, policy-oriented campaign messaging with deliberation at town hall meetings. In the both countries, we see a greater vote share for the party that participated in policy-focused deliberation. In Benin, deliberation also increased voter turnout. People demand better politics, and if politicians change their behaviour, they are rewarded. I hope to see more experiments like these, which separate institutional effects from policy effects and help overcome issues like clientelism that plague politics in the developing world.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 295-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1349165
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1349165
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin Piper
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Piper
Author-Name: Wendi Ralaingita
Author-X-Name-First: Wendi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ralaingita
Author-Name: Linda Akach
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Akach
Author-Name: Simon King
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Improving procedural and conceptual mathematics outcomes: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Kenya
Abstract: 
 To improve learning outcomes, an intervention in Kenya called the Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative provided pupil learning materials, teachers’ guides and modest teacher professional development in mathematics. This paper presents the causal impact of PRIMR’s mathematics intervention on pupil achievement indices for procedural and conceptual numeracy, using a differences-in-differences analytic strategy. The mathematics intervention produced modest, statistically significant results: generally similar results for males and females, a larger impact in grade 2 than grade 1, a larger impact in nongovernment schools than public schools, and smaller outcomes in mathematics than for English or Kiswahili. These findings have relevant policy implications in Kenya given an impending national mathematics programme.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 404-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1149502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1149502
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:404-422




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valentina Iemmi
Author-X-Name-First: Valentina
Author-X-Name-Last: Iemmi
Author-Name: Karl Blanchet
Author-X-Name-First: Karl
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanchet
Author-Name: Lorna J. Gibson
Author-X-Name-First: Lorna J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibson
Author-Name: K. Suresh Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: K. Suresh
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: Santosh Rath
Author-X-Name-First: Santosh
Author-X-Name-Last: Rath
Author-Name: Sally Hartley
Author-X-Name-First: Sally
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartley
Author-Name: Gudlavalleti V. S. Murthy
Author-X-Name-First: Gudlavalleti V. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Murthy
Author-Name: Vikram Patel
Author-X-Name-First: Vikram
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel
Author-Name: Joerg Weber
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber
Author-Name: Hannah Kuper
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuper
Title: Community-based rehabilitation for people with physical and mental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract: 
 We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) for people with physical and mental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries, and/or their family/carers and community. We identified 15 eligible studies, 10 of which were randomised controlled studies. Overall, the studies suggested that CBR may be effective in improving the clinical outcomes and enhancing functioning and quality of life of the person with disabilities and his/her carer. However, this conclusion must be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies, concerns about study quality and lack of information on cost-effectiveness of the interventions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 368-387
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1157623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1157623
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takashi Kurosaki
Author-X-Name-First: Takashi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurosaki
Author-Name: Hidayat Ullah Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Hidayat Ullah
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Title: Impact of human resource development training on crop damages by wild animals in developing countries: experimental evidence from rural Pakistan
Abstract: 
 Based on a 4-year panel dataset of households collected in rural Pakistan, we examine the impact of a randomised intervention on households’ capacity to reduce income losses due to attacks by wild boars. We find that the intervention to teach indigenous techniques of scaring and trapping and modern ones of drugs to induce infertility was highly effective in eliminating the crop-income loss immediately after the intervention, but effects disappeared later. Our finding suggests the difficulty in technology transfer through the training or the high implicit cost in implementing the treatment. Therefore, the intervention was not sustainable at the household level.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 388-403
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1160420
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1160420
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:388-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jörg Peters
Author-X-Name-First: Jörg
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters
Author-Name: Maximiliane Sievert
Author-X-Name-First: Maximiliane
Author-X-Name-Last: Sievert
Title: Impacts of rural electrification revisited – the African context
Abstract: 
 The investment requirements to achieve the United Nations’ universal electricity access goal by 2030 are estimated at 640 billion USD. The assumption underlying this goal is that electrification contributes to poverty alleviation in many regards. In recent years, a body of literature has emerged that widely confirms this positive poverty impact assumption. Most of these studies, however, are based on data from Asia and Latin America. This paper challenges the transferability of impact findings in the literature to the African context. Using a unique data set collected in various African countries, the paper suggests that impact expectations on income, education and health should be discounted considerably for Africa. In many cases, the low levels of electricity consumption can also be served by low-cost solar alternatives. To ensure cost-effective usage of public investments in rural electrification, we call for careful cost-benefit comparisons of on-grid and off-grid solutions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 327-345
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1178320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1178320
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Verena Bruer
Author-X-Name-First: Verena
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruer
Title: Running randomized evaluations: a practical guide
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 446-448
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1206265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206265
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:446-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa
Author-Name: Luisa Natali
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Natali
Author-Name: David Seidenfeld
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Seidenfeld
Author-Name: Gelson Tembo
Author-X-Name-First: Gelson
Author-X-Name-Last: Tembo
Title: The impact of Zambia’s unconditional child grant on schooling and work: results from a large-scale social experiment
Abstract: 
 This article reports on the impact on child schooling and work of the Government of Zambia’s Child Grant Program (CGP), an unconditional cash transfer programme targeted to households with children under age 3 years in three districts of the country. Although the CGP’s focus is on very young children, we look to see if the programme has impacts on older children who are not the explicit target group. We use data from a large-scale social experiment involving 2519 households, half of whom were randomised out to a delayed-entry control group, that was implemented to assess the impact of the programme. We find that the CGP has no discernible impact on school enrolment of children age 7–14. However, when we break the sample by older (11–14) and younger (7–10) children – based on the grade structure of the Zambian schooling system – we find a significant impact among children age 11–14, which coincides with the exact age range where a sharp drop-out begins to occur in Zambia with point estimates in the range of 7–8 percentage points. Finally, we provide evidence on the potential pathways through which the unconditional cash transfer impacts on enrolment. Households in the CGP spend more on education, and in particular on uniforms and shoes, two items cited as key barriers to school enrolment in study areas.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 346-367
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1206605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206605
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Jackson
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson
Title: Changing the place of birth from home to health facilities in Kafa Zone, Ethiopia
Abstract: 
 Women in rural and semi-urban Kafa Zone, Ethiopia are being encouraged to give birth in health facilities rather than at home. Using an earlier 2007 study as a comparison point, this study explored the role of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) in referring women to health centres for birth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 HEWs and 6 health workers in May and June 2014. The results show that women prefer birth attendants they know, including HEWs, and not to go to health centres or the hospital except for emergencies. The ambulance service linking rural communities with health facilities works better in some areas than others. To improve maternal health, HEWs need better support at the community level. Inefficiencies in the referral system should be addressed.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 423-435
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1206952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206952
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:423-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah L Rugg
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah L
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugg
Title: Evaluation and politics: tips and barriers to use
Abstract: 
 In 2014, an annual lecture series was established in honour of Howard White, the first executive director of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). Each year, a 3ie selection committee invites a distinguished international development professional to deliver a lecture on a topic related to 3ie’s mission. This paper is a transcription of the second lecture in that series on use of evaluation. The author gives the perspective from different development organisations in which she worked, including for research, decision-making and commissioning bodies and presents key lessons on getting evidence used in decision-making.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 436-445
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1213030
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1213030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:436-445




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin DK. Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin DK.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Abed Mutemi
Author-X-Name-First: Abed
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutemi
Author-Name: Marie M. Gaarder
Author-X-Name-First: Marie M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder
Title: Demand driven replication research: an overview of financial services for the poor replication research
Abstract: 
 Spurred on by the ‘reproducibility crisis’, social scientists are starting to adopt research transparency practices. Research funders are largely unaware that replication work could strengthen the reliability, rigour, and relevance of their investments. The Gates Foundation commissioned the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) to award and quality assure the strongest financial services for the poor evidence. By working with the Gates Foundation to identify the studies, screen the applicants, and quality assure the seven replication research, 3ie ensured policy relevant papers. By publishing this special issue, 3ie is ensuring that the replication research is appreciated by the development community.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 307-312
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1696871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1696871
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesper Stage
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage
Author-Name: Tharshini Thangavelu
Author-X-Name-First: Tharshini
Author-X-Name-Last: Thangavelu
Title: Savings revisited: a replication study of a savings intervention in Malawi
Abstract: 
 We replicate and reanalyse data from the randomised controlled trial of a programme originally carried out by Brune and colleagues to facilitate formal savings for Malawian tobacco farmers. The results from their study indicate that offering farmers access to personal savings accounts increased farmers’ banking transactions and enhanced the well-being of their households. Our pure replication, as well as our estimation analyses, support the conclusions from the original study. We also conducted a separate analysis focussing on the subset of farmers who chose to make use of the savings vehicles offered. We found that this subset of farmers, compared with the overall treatment group, had far greater positive effects on their agricultural output.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 313-326
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1679859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1679859
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JP Meneses
Author-X-Name-First: JP
Author-X-Name-Last: Meneses
Author-Name: ET Ventura
Author-X-Name-First: ET
Author-X-Name-Last: Ventura
Author-Name: OA Elorreaga
Author-X-Name-First: OA
Author-X-Name-Last: Elorreaga
Author-Name: C Huaroto
Author-X-Name-First: C
Author-X-Name-Last: Huaroto
Author-Name: GG Aguilar
Author-X-Name-First: GG
Author-X-Name-Last: Aguilar
Author-Name: EP Beteta
Author-X-Name-First: EP
Author-X-Name-Last: Beteta
Title: Improving well-being through mobile money: a replication study in Niger
Abstract: 
 Around the world, there has been an exponential growth in cash-based programmes as part of social policies. Innovative payment mechanisms, such as mobile money, could have benefits for recipients. An experimental study suggests that the use of mobile money, Zap delivery, might improve intra-household socio-economic dynamics on Niger. Our replication study evaluates the impact of Zap delivery in contrast to more traditional delivery mechanism. We examined original author´s findings and estimated similar results about increasing household diet diversity without decreasing their durable and nondurable assets. The heterogeneity evaluation by age groups suggests that the Zap delivery had a different impact on older beneficiaries than younger ones. In addition, we evaluated the robustness, which considers multiple imputation and Lee bounds analysis; as well as a nutritional evaluation of children under 5 years using anthropometric measures.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 327-341
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1679860
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1679860
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nazila Alinaghi
Author-X-Name-First: Nazila
Author-X-Name-Last: Alinaghi
Title: Mobile money, risk sharing, and transaction costs: a replication study of evidence from Kenya’s mobile money revolution
Abstract: 
 M-PESA, a mobile phone-based technology for transferring money provides a gateway to formal financial services for populations who otherwise would not have access. This study re-examines Jack and Suri's 'Risk Sharing and Transaction Costs' paper. With a few minor differences, the results are robust to consistency tests and sensitivity analyses. Since rural households are expected to particularly benefit from M-PESA, the heterogenous effects have also been explored by comparing benefits across urban and rural residents. The findings reported here and in the original study provide strong empirical evidence that M-PESA has had a positive impact on people’s financial health. Such financial benefits derived from market-based mobile money innovations can be vital in combating world poverty.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 342-359
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1684343
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1684343
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akinwande A. Atanda
Author-X-Name-First: Akinwande A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Atanda
Title: Biometric Smartcards and payment disbursement: a replication study of building state capacity in India
Abstract: 
 Most low- and middle-income countries lack the infrastructure to efficiently process and deliver payments to beneficiaries of welfare programs. As a result, many poor people are financially excluded or receive only a portion of the funds intended for them. There are few empirical studies for policy reference to identify and justify potential returns of public investment in building technology-based infrastructure. This study replicates a recent experimental study that fills this empirical gap by examining the effect of biometrically authenticated payments, ‘Smartcards,’ on India’s two largest welfare programs (a work-for-payment scheme and a national pension program). We evaluate the original study’s findings and obtain comparable outcomes – that Smartcards decrease the time lag for recipients to receive funds, reduce leakages of benefits and increase enrollment rates in the two programs. We also examine the robustness of the original study to outliers, alternative model specifications, changes in estimation methods and treatment effects heterogeneity bias.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 360-372
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1646782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1646782
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan K. Lhachimi
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lhachimi
Author-Name: Till Seuring
Author-X-Name-First: Till
Author-X-Name-Last: Seuring
Title: Thou shalt be given… but how? A replication study and extended cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized experiment on food assistance in Northern Ecuador
Abstract: 
 The original cluster-randomised controlled trial took place in two provinces of Northern Ecuador. The trial compared cash, food or voucher assistance and found them to be effective. The results of the original paper are completely replicable and the findings of the original analysis are robust; however, we additionally find that treatments are more effective in the poorer province. We then extend the cost-effectiveness analysis by taking into account the parameter uncertainty in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Moreover, we provide information about the usefulness of additional research to reduce uncertainty concerning the cost-effectiveness analysis by calculating the expected value of perfect information (EVPI). Our extended cost-effectiveness analysis reveals that for some outcomes decision makers with a relatively small willingness-to-pay maybe a risk to choose a less cost-effective intervention. Furthermore, our findings indicate that further research into the comparative cost-effectiveness of these interventions could be worthwhile. This is in particular true for low-resource settings where decision makers face stricter budget constraints to finance interventions. In particular, policy makers with a small budget have a high risk of choosing a comparably less cost-effective treatment. Hence, further research to reduce uncertainty of effect estimates could aid decision-making.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 373-390
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1666901
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1666901
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hongmei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Hongmei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Jiangtao Luo
Author-X-Name-First: Jiangtao
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo
Title: The short-term impact of unconditional cash transfers: a replication study of a randomized controlled trial in Kenya
Abstract: 
 Haushofer and Shapiro examined the short-term impacts of Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) and the differential impacts by transfer recipient’s gender, timing (monthly versus lump sum) and magnitude, using data collected in a randomised controlled trial from 2011 to 2012 in rural Kenya. The study found the UCT to increase assets, consumption, revenue, food security, and psychological well-being indices, but to have no overall effects on health, education, or female empowerment indices. Compared to lump-sum transfers, monthly transfers improved food security but reduced asset holdings. Large transfers, when compared to small transfers, increased asset holdings and improved the psychological well-being index.This replication study reexamined the main findings of Haushofer and Shapiro’s and reported consistent findings on the overall effects of the UCT and the differences across treatment arms. These findings are sustained in rigorous robustness checks, however, the Principal Component Analysis results suggest a need for further examination of the method of measuring food security, health and psychological well-being.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 391-408
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1666900
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1666900
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannah Tappis
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Tappis
Author-Name: Shannon Doocy
Author-X-Name-First: Shannon
Author-X-Name-Last: Doocy
Title: The effectiveness and value for money of cash-based humanitarian assistance: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 This review aimed to assess evidence on effectiveness and value for money of cash-based humanitarian assistance. We followed standard procedures for review of (quasi) experimental studies and adapted procedures for studies reporting costs, cost-effectiveness, cost–benefit or cost–utility of unconditional cash transfer, conditional cash transfer and voucher programmes in humanitarian settings. Of 4094 identified studies, only five met effectiveness review inclusion criteria. These five, plus five others, met cost review inclusion criteria. Although limited conclusions about comparative effectiveness and value for money can be drawn from this review, findings do provide important insights for consideration in design and evaluation of programmes in crisis-affected settings.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 121-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1363804
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1363804
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone Lombardini
Author-X-Name-First: Simone
Author-X-Name-Last: Lombardini
Author-Name: Kristen McCollum
Author-X-Name-First: Kristen
Author-X-Name-Last: McCollum
Title: Using internal evaluations to measure organisational impact: a meta-analysis of Oxfam’s women’s empowerment projects
Abstract: 
 This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis examining the overall impact of women’s empowerment projects evaluated as part of Oxfam GB’s Effectiveness Reviews. Results show a positive and significant impact on the Women’s Empowerment Index and mixed results with its individual indicators. We found a statistically significant effect on opinions on women’s economic role and their ability to participate in and influence the community. We did not find evidence of overall changes in power within the household nor with share of household income. The meta-analysis also found statically significant overall effects where the individual studies were too underpowered to detect impact. This paper provides an example of how using meta-analysis in the presence of a robust organisational global evaluation framework can enable evidence-based learning, organisational accountability and better programme implementation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 145-170
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1377750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1377750
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Do evidence networks make a difference?
Abstract: 
 As part of the Global Evidence Summit in Cape Town in September 2017, Prof Ruth Stewart gave the keynote addressing the question of ‘Do evidence networks make a difference?’. The following text is based closely on that opening address. She outlines how evidence networks make a difference by building our shared understanding across the evidence ecosystem, enable growth in our shared capacities, and enable a potential and readiness for change. In this article she provides additional information supporting each of these three ways in which evidence networks make a difference, as well as elaborating on how her work, and that of her Centre at the University of Johannesburg, is closely aligned with the production and use of evidence synthesis. She makes a strong case for her central argument: ‘If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together’.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 171-178
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1425734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1425734
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dafni Skalidou
Author-X-Name-First: Dafni
Author-X-Name-Last: Skalidou
Author-Name: Carlos Oya
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Oya
Title: The challenges of screening and synthesising qualitative research in a mixed-methods systematic review. The case of the impact of agricultural certification schemes
Abstract: 
 The number of mixed-methods systematic reviews in international development is growing in recent years. By recognising the value of qualitative research in providing valuable evidence on causal mechanisms, barriers, facilitators and the importance of context, mixed-methods systematic reviews go beyond the ‘what works’ question. However, appropriate methods to screen and synthesise qualitative evidence in these reviews are still in a development phase, and the methodological literature dealing with reviewing qualitative evidence in the field of development studies is scarce and under-developed. This paper aims to contribute to this gap by discussing the methodological and practical challenges of including qualitative evidence in a mixed-methods systematic review in international development. In particular, this article makes a contribution in terms of offering reviewers and users of systematic reviews a full account of the process of screening and synthesising a very large volume of heterogeneous qualitative studies. Using as an example a review on the effects of certification schemes for agricultural production, we report on each reviewing step, describing the problems encountered and solutions found. The paper proposes ways of extracting a large volume of data and integrating the qualitative synthesis with the evidence from the related quantitative effectiveness review.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 39-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1438495
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1438495
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Title: Theory-based systematic reviews
Abstract: 
 It has been common to say that studies should address not just the question of what works, but also how, where, for whom and at what cost? A unifying framework for such an approach is the theory of change. This paper lays out an approach for using such a theory-based approach to systematic reviews, discussing issues which arise in mixed-methods causal chain analysis. I illustrate the funnel of attrition which is a heuristic device to understand why effect sizes are lower at the higher reaches of the causal chain, including why participation is less than usually expected. Examples are given from the international development sector.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 17-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1439078
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1439078
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Author-Name: Giulia Mascagni
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mascagni
Author-Name: Arnab Acharya
Author-X-Name-First: Arnab
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya
Author-Name: Eva-Maria Egger
Author-X-Name-First: Eva-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Egger
Author-Name: Amrita Saha
Author-X-Name-First: Amrita
Author-X-Name-Last: Saha
Title: Systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness in low and middle income countries: a review of reviews
Abstract: 
 We investigate whether systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions in low and middle income countries are feasible and useful. To this aim, we systematically review systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness studies and systematic reviews of effectiveness studies. We find 27 systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness studies, predominantly of health interventions. We look at the methodologies employed by these reviews to summarise the results of the original studies and we look at the policy recommendations they provide. We conclude that systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness studies in developing countries are few and that their ability to provide policy recommendations is very limited. The paucity of cost-effectiveness analyses in developing countries and the difficulty to summarise the results of diverse cost-effectiveness analyses in a meaningful way are major problems. We suggest that the collection of cost data along impact evaluations and methodological development in the summary of cost-effectiveness ratios across studies constitute a more promising approach.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 95-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1439079
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1439079
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roy Carr-Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Carr-Hill
Author-Name: Caine Rolleston
Author-X-Name-First: Caine
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolleston
Author-Name: Rebecca Schendel
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Schendel
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington
Title: The effectiveness of school-based decision making in improving educational outcomes: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 The rhetoric around decentralisation suggests school-based management improves education outcomes. Existing reviews on school-based decision-making have tended to focus on proximal outcomes and offer very little information about why school-based decision-making has positive or negative effects in different circumstances. The authors systematically searched for and synthesised evidence from 35 quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating 17 individual interventions on the effectiveness of school-based decision-making on educational outcomes. Devolving decision-making to the level of the school appears to have a somewhat beneficial effect on dropout, repetition and teacher attendance. Effects on test-scores are more robust, being positive in aggregate and for middle-income countries specifically. On the other hand, school-based decision-making reforms appear to be less effective in communities with generally low levels of education, where parents have low status relative to school personnel. The authors conclude that school-based decision-making reforms are less likely to be successful in highly disadvantaged communities.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 61-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1440250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1440250
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Author-Name: Emmanuel Jimenez
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez
Title: What have we learned after ten years of systematic reviews in international development?
Abstract: 
 The paper discusses the role of systematic evidence in helping make better decisions to reach global development targets. Coming at the end of the first decade of serious funding and support for systematic evidence generation in development economics and development studies, the paper presents opportunities and challenges for the continued development of systematic review methodologies. It concludes by introducing the papers collected in the issue, which make and demonstrate the case for theory-based approaches to evidence synthesis.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1441166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1441166
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aogán Delaney
Author-X-Name-First: Aogán
Author-X-Name-Last: Delaney
Author-Name: Peter A. Tamás
Author-X-Name-First: Peter A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamás
Author-Name: Hilde Tobi
Author-X-Name-First: Hilde
Author-X-Name-Last: Tobi
Title: Which standards from which disciplines? A test of systematic review for designing interdisciplinary evaluations
Abstract: 
 Evidence-based development suggests empirical choice of evaluation methods. Systematic review (SR) is increasingly used in development but, to our knowledge, has not informed methods selection. This article tests SR for methods selection for evaluation in health and conflict studies. The review comprised a reproducible literature search, inclusion protocols, quality assessment, data extraction and qualitative aggregation. The study finds that adopting even some aspects of SR for methods selection to be useful and an improvement. The usefulness of SR is constrained by the paucity of empirically grounded methodological recommendations, inconsistent citation and reporting practices and difficulties surrounding multidisciplinary quality assessments.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 82-100
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1160419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1160419
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Lawry
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawry
Author-Name: Cyrus Samii
Author-X-Name-First: Cyrus
Author-X-Name-Last: Samii
Author-Name: Ruth Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Author-Name: Aaron Leopold
Author-X-Name-First: Aaron
Author-X-Name-Last: Leopold
Author-Name: Donna Hornby
Author-X-Name-First: Donna
Author-X-Name-Last: Hornby
Author-Name: Farai Mtero
Author-X-Name-First: Farai
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtero
Title: The impact of land property rights interventions on investment and agricultural productivity in developing countries: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 We conducted a systematic review on the effects of land tenure recognition interventions on agricultural productivity, income, investment and other relevant outcomes. We synthesise findings from 20 quantitative studies and nine qualitative studies that passed a methodological screening. The results indicate substantial productivity and income gains from land tenure recognition, although gains differ markedly by region. We find that these effects may operate through gains in perceived tenure security and investment; we find no evidence for a credit mechanism. The qualitative synthesis highlights potential adverse effects. A conclusion emphasises the need for further research on inter-regional differences and on the role of customary tenure arrangements.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 61-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1160947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1160947
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carinne Brody
Author-X-Name-First: Carinne
Author-X-Name-Last: Brody
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas de
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoop
Author-Name: Martina Vojtkova
Author-X-Name-First: Martina
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojtkova
Author-Name: Ruby Warnock
Author-X-Name-First: Ruby
Author-X-Name-Last: Warnock
Author-Name: Megan Dunbar
Author-X-Name-First: Megan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dunbar
Author-Name: Padmini Murthy
Author-X-Name-First: Padmini
Author-X-Name-Last: Murthy
Author-Name: Shari L. Dworkin
Author-X-Name-First: Shari L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dworkin
Title: Can self-help group programs improve women’s empowerment? A systematic review
Abstract: 
 This mixed-methods systematic review focuses on the impact of women’s self-help groups (SHGs) on women’s economic, social, psychological, and political empowerment. Both governmental and non-governmental institutions spend formidable resources facilitating SHGs in low-and middle-income countries in South Asia and other developing countries, under the premise that access to microfinance, training, and group support can enhance women’s empowerment. We found that women’s economic SHGs have positive effects on economic and political empowerment, women’s mobility, and women’s control over family planning. The estimated effect sizes range from 0.06–0.41 standardised mean differences. We did not find evidence for positive effects of SHGs on psychological empowerment. The qualitative research further suggests that the positive effects of SHGs on empowerment run through mechanisms that are associated with familiarity in handling money, independence in financial decision-making, solidarity, social networks, and respect from the household and other community members. However, the included evaluations often did not include sufficient information about the specifics of the activities that were implemented by the SHGs. As a result, it remains unclear which of the various SHG models are most effective. Finally, our triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative findings indicates that SHGs do not have adverse consequences for domestic violence.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 15-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1206607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206607
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Li
Author-X-Name-First: Fan
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yingquan Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yingquan
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Hongmei Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Hongmei
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: Jianguo Wei
Author-X-Name-First: Jianguo
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: James Chu
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Chu
Author-Name: Natalie Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson
Author-Name: Prashant Loyalka
Author-X-Name-First: Prashant
Author-X-Name-Last: Loyalka
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: The impact of conditional cash transfers on the matriculation of junior high school students into rural China’s high schools
Abstract: 
 The goal of this study is to examine whether promising a conditional cash transfer (conditional on matriculation) at the start of junior high school increases the rate at which disadvantaged students matriculate into high school. Based on a randomised controlled trial (RCT) involving 1418 disadvantaged (economically poor) students in rural China, we find that a CCT voucher has no effect on increasing high school matriculation for the average disadvantaged student. The CCT voucher also has no differential impact on students at any point in the distribution of baseline academic achievement. This result suggests that CCTs, while shown to be effective in many contexts, do not always work.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 41-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231701
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giel Ton
Author-X-Name-First: Giel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ton
Title: Contribution analysis of a Bolivian innovation grant fund: mixing methods to verify relevance, efficiency and effectiveness
Abstract: 
 We used contribution analysis to verify the key assumption in the intervention logic of an innovation fund in Bolivia directed to economic farmer organisations to develop value-added activities. We focussed the research on three sub-components of the intervention logic: relevance of the farmer groups for local economic development, effectiveness of the fund in strengthening these group, and efficiency of the grant allocation mechanism. We used a case-based comparative analysis to assess effectiveness: improved market access for members, strengthened organisational capacities and the capacity to pay organisational costs. We showed that the grants to already well-endowed organisations were particularly unsuccessful.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 120-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231702
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:120-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David McKenzie
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie
Author-Name: Nabila Assaf
Author-X-Name-First: Nabila
Author-X-Name-Last: Assaf
Author-Name: Ana Paula Cusolito
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Cusolito
Title: The additionality impact of a matching grant programme for small firms: experimental evidence from Yemen
Abstract: 
 Matching grants are one of the most common types of private sector development programmes used in developing countries. But government subsidies to private firms can be controversial. A key question is that of additionality: do these programmes get firms to undertake innovative activities that they would not otherwise do, or merely subsidise activities that would take place anyway? Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can provide the counterfactual needed to answer this question, but efforts to experiment with matching grant programmes have often failed. This article uses an RCT of a matching grant programme for firms in Yemen to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting experiments with well-designed programmes, and to measure the additionality impact. In the first year, the matching grant is found to have led to more product innovation, firms upgrading their accounting systems, marketing more, making more capital investments and being more likely to report their sales grew.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231703
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurie C. Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Laurie C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Neena Joshi
Author-X-Name-First: Neena
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi
Author-Name: Mahendra Lohani
Author-X-Name-First: Mahendra
Author-X-Name-Last: Lohani
Author-Name: Beatrice Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Author-Name: Meghan Kershaw
Author-X-Name-First: Meghan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kershaw
Author-Name: Robert Houser
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Houser
Author-Name: Shibani Ghosh
Author-X-Name-First: Shibani
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh
Author-Name: Jeffrey K. Griffiths
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths
Author-Name: Shubh Mahato
Author-X-Name-First: Shubh
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahato
Author-Name: Patrick Webb
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb
Title: Duration of programme exposure is associated with improved outcomes in nutrition and health: the case for longer project cycles from intervention experience in rural Nepal
Abstract: 
 Economic growth and poverty reduction are not always sufficient to improve child health and nutritional status. Heifer International promotes livestock introduction and related training for community development and poverty alleviation. These programmes do not directly address child health or nutrition. To determine effects of its activities on these important outcomes, Heifer conducted a 4-year longitudinal investigation in rural Nepal. The intervention was associated with significantly improved child anthropometry (related to the duration of intervention exposure) and child health. Heifer activities represent a viable ‘nutrition sensitive’ intervention, but these impacts take time to manifest and be sustained.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 101-119
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231706
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meichen Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Meichen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Prashant Loyalka
Author-X-Name-First: Prashant
Author-X-Name-Last: Loyalka
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Fang Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Fang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Chengfang Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Chengfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: The impact of teacher professional development programs on student achievement in rural China: evidence from Shaanxi Province
Abstract: 
 There is a significant gap in academic achievement between rural and urban students in China. Policymakers have sought to close this gap by improving the quality of teaching in rural areas through teacher professional development (PD) programs. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of such programs. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a PD program-National Teacher Training Program (NTTP)  and find that the NTTP has no effect on math achievement. We also find that while the program has a positive effect on math teaching knowledge of teachers, it has no significant effect on teaching practices in the classroom. Taken together, these results indicate that teachers may have improved their knowledge for teaching from NTTP, but did not apply what they learned to improve teaching practices or student learning.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 105-131
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1624594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1624594
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pepijn Schreinemachers
Author-X-Name-First: Pepijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Schreinemachers
Author-Name: Mamounata Sandaogo Ouedraogo
Author-X-Name-First: Mamounata Sandaogo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ouedraogo
Author-Name: Serge Diagbouga
Author-X-Name-First: Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Diagbouga
Author-Name: Amadou Thiombiano
Author-X-Name-First: Amadou
Author-X-Name-Last: Thiombiano
Author-Name: Serge Rodrigue Kouamé
Author-X-Name-First: Serge Rodrigue
Author-X-Name-Last: Kouamé
Author-Name: Caroline Makamto Sobgui
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Makamto
Author-X-Name-Last: Sobgui
Author-Name: Hsiao-Pu Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiao-Pu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Ray-Yu Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Ray-Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Impact of school gardens and complementary nutrition education in Burkina Faso
Abstract: 
 This study evaluates the combined impact of school vegetable gardens linked to complementary nutrition education on the nutritional awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and eating behavior of 8–14-year-old schoolchildren in Burkina Faso. The study uses a repeated cluster randomized controlled trial and a sample of 30 schools and 1,760 schoolchildren. The results show a small but significant (p < 0.05) increase in knowledge of sustainable agriculture (+5.0%) and knowledge of food and nutrition (+6.6%), but no significant increase in other outcome indicators including fruit and vegetable consumption. More caution is needed in the promotion of school gardens for improving child nutrition in very low income countries.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 132-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1624595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1624595
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youri Dijkxhoorn
Author-X-Name-First: Youri
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkxhoorn
Author-Name: Christine Plaisier
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Plaisier
Author-Name: Tim Verwaart
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Verwaart
Author-Name: Coen Van Wagenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Coen Van
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenberg
Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben
Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben
Title: Trusted sorghum: simulating interactions in the sorghum value chain in Kenya using games and agent-based modelling
Abstract: 
 Development programmes are increasingly supporting inclusive value chains (VC), in which resource-poor farmers are included in commercially viable VC opportunities. Strengthening social capital elements between VC actors is key to improve the farmers’ livelihood. This article presents a novel impact evaluation method called the VC-Lab to assess the effectiveness of such development programmes, including long-term effects. The method is based on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) in the sorghum VC in Kenya. It consists of different components: (1) a VC analysis; (2) games to assess risk attitude and trust relationships between VC actors; and (3) an agent-based model (ABM) to assess the long-term impact. ABM parameter settings are based on the outcomes of the VC analysis and game results. The level of trust of participating farmers delivering to the participating trader is significantly higher than the level of trust of non-participating farmers in their trader. ABM simulations indicate that in the long run the PPP will lead to higher levels of trust and increased income, whereby training is the key intervention mechanisms. The VC-lab proves to be a valuable evaluation tool. Application of the VC-lab to other VCs, to other commodities and in other countries is needed to test wider applicability of the methodology.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 146-164
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1624596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1624596
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunther Bensch
Author-X-Name-First: Gunther
Author-X-Name-Last: Bensch
Title: The effects of market-based reforms on access to electricity in developing countries: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 Market-based reforms have been promoted over the past decades to improve the performance of the power sector. This systematic review assesses the effect of market-based reforms in developing countries on intermediate outcomes like technical efficiency and the resulting impacts on electricity access. Using a pool of 70 well-designed qualitative and quantitative studies, the review synthesizes impacts of private sector involvement, privatisation, liberalisation, and regulation. This mixed-methods approach detects only few and mostly weak effect patterns for reform types sufficiently evaluated in the primary literature. The qualitative synthesis further distils factors that likely contribute to successful electricity sector reforms as tentative guidance for coherent policy delivery.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 165-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1629613
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1629613
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:165-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefano Moncada
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Moncada
Author-Name: Hilary Bambrick
Author-X-Name-First: Hilary
Author-X-Name-Last: Bambrick
Author-Name: Marie Briguglio
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Briguglio
Title: The health impacts of a community biogas facility in an informal Urban settlement: does training matter?
Abstract: 
 Community biogas facilities are being implemented in many informal urban settlements across Africa, often funded by foreign aid. We measured the public health impacts of a facility in Ethiopia, particularly the effects of training, in the context of extreme poverty. Two waves of panel-data were generated by household surveys (N = 200 per wave), informed by participatory focus groups, and a propensity-score matching technique was applied. After controlling for household distance from the facility, training itself generated positive effects on health including use of improved sanitation facilities and self-assessed health. We conclude that training should be considered a key component in biogas development.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 189-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1638434
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1638434
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:189-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Fang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Author-Name: Linxiu Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Yu Bai
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Bai
Author-Name: Chengfang Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Chengfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Fang Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Fang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: More is not always better: evidence from a randomised experiment of computer-assisted learning in rural minority schools in Qinghai
Abstract: 
 The education of poor and disadvantaged populations has been a long-standing challenge for education systems in both developed and developing countries. Drawing on data from two randomised controlled trials involving two cohorts of grade 3 students in poor rural minority schools in China’s Qinghai province, this paper explores the effects of computer-assisted learning (CAL) on student academic and non-academic outcomes for underserved student populations, and how interactions between the CAL programme and existing classroom resources affect the programme effectiveness. Results show that CAL could have significant beneficial effects on both student academic and non-academic outcomes. However, when the scope of the programme expanded to include a second subject (in this case, math – which was added on top of the Mandarin subject matter that was the focus of the first phase of the programme), some schools had to use regular school hours for CAL sessions. As a result, the phase II programme did not generate any (statistically) significant improvement over the first phase.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 449-472
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1220412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1220412
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pepijn Schreinemachers
Author-X-Name-First: Pepijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Schreinemachers
Author-Name: Marie Antoinette Patalagsa
Author-X-Name-First: Marie Antoinette
Author-X-Name-Last: Patalagsa
Author-Name: Nasir Uddin
Author-X-Name-First: Nasir
Author-X-Name-Last: Uddin
Title: Impact and cost-effectiveness of women's training in home gardening and nutrition in Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 This study quantifies the impact and cost-effectiveness of training poor rural women in Bangladesh in home gardening and nutrition. We use baseline and follow-up data for 646 intervention and control households and apply a difference-in-difference estimator. We find that the intervention significantly (p &lt; 0.01) increased vegetable production (+16.5 g/person/day), vegetable consumption and the micronutrient supply from the garden. Using the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) approach, we show that the intervention can be considered cost-effective in abating iron, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies. Home garden interventions can therefore make an effective contribution to addressing micronutrient undernutrition.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 473-488
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:473-488




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rica Joy Flor
Author-X-Name-First: Rica Joy
Author-X-Name-Last: Flor
Author-Name: Cees Leeuwis
Author-X-Name-First: Cees
Author-X-Name-Last: Leeuwis
Author-Name: Harro Maat
Author-X-Name-First: Harro
Author-X-Name-Last: Maat
Author-Name: Martin Gummert
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gummert
Title: Rice postharvest learning alliance in Cambodia: comparison of assumptions and implementation of a network approach
Abstract: 
 Research projects employ the learning alliance (LA) approach but there is scepticism that its rhetoric is not evident in practice. The authors examined a case of an implemented LA, comparing its outcomes with assumptions from the project and its conceptual design to evaluate the implementation of an LA. Data were from interviews and network maps of actors involved, as well as farmers and town-level actors in Battambang and Pursat, Cambodia. An LA approach can promote actor–network processes that target social, technical, and institutional reordering. Assumptions about the approach, however, may lead projects to emphasize scaling out and direct efforts away from processes that enable innovation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 489-507
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1231705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1231705
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter O’Flynn
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Flynn
Author-Name: Chris Barnett
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett
Author-Name: Laura Camfield
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Camfield
Title: Assessing contrasting strategies for ensuring ethical practice within evaluation: institutional review boards and professionalisation
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the application of ethics in two contrasting approaches to evaluation: one that views evaluation as essentially a research project, and the other that sees evaluation as an extension of project management. We argue that the growth in so-called rigorous impact evaluation, characterised by practitioners as evaluation using experimental or quasi-experimental methods, has seen evaluation treated increasingly as a subset of research. This has entailed greater use of ethical committees, and specifically institutional review boards (IRBs), as many academics promoting the use of experimental methods are based in the USA. Elsewhere, evaluation is treated more as a management activity, with professionalisation initiatives such as membership standards and ethical guidance often used in the place of formal review. In this paper, we question whether the simultaneous growth in usage of IRBs and professionalisation addresses the ethical issues faced by evaluators.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 561-568
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1242643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1242643
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Barnett
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett
Author-Name: Laura Camfield
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Camfield
Title: Ethics in evaluation
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 528-534
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1244554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1244554
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:528-534




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric W. Djimeu
Author-X-Name-First: Eric W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Djimeu
Author-Name: Deo-Gracias Houndolo
Author-X-Name-First: Deo-Gracias
Author-X-Name-Last: Houndolo
Title: Power calculation for causal inference in social science: sample size and minimum detectable effect determination
Abstract: 
 This paper presents the statistical concepts used in power calculations for experimental design. It provides detailed definitions of parameters used to perform power calculations, useful rules of thumb and different approaches that can be used when performing power calculations. The authors draw from real-world examples to calculate statistical power for individual and cluster randomised controlled trials. This paper provides formulae for sample size determination and minimum detectable effect (MDE) associated with a given statistical power. The paper is accompanied by the sample size and MDE calculator©, a free online tool that allows users to work with the formulae presented in Section 4.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 508-527
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1244555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1244555
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:508-527




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leslie Groves Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Groves Williams
Title: Ethics in international development evaluation and research: what is the problem, why does it matter and what can we do about it?
Abstract: 
 This paper shares the findings of a review of ethics principles, guidance and practice used by evaluation practitioners, researchers and commissioners working in an international development context. It highlights considerable discrepancies in how ethics feature in international development evaluation and research – across sectors, actors and at differing points in the research and evaluation process. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the collective learning of those working in international development research and evaluation and to stimulate discussion and engagement with a topic that is often ignored, paid lip service or confined to the headlines when something goes wrong, as opposed to being a requirement of a systematic and integrated everyday practice that is essential to delivering more relevant and impactful research and evaluation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 535-552
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1244700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1244700
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:535-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caitlin Scott
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Scott
Title: Cultures of evaluation: tales from the end of the line
Abstract: 
 Experiences in and around aid agencies suggest that the results agenda militates against a culture of learning and improvement to which evaluations should usefully contribute. In this article, I argue that this is an issue with both ethical and operational dimensions. The reductionist and simplifying effects of quantitative indicators of achievement as instruments of performance management, which I see as characteristic of audit culture, are having a pernicious effect in many aid environments. The technical and instrumental ways monitoring and evaluation is understood within the everyday culture of aid agencies preclude the space and time necessary for an ethically premised culture of learning. These social effects of audit culture detract from our capacity as a sector to deliver positive change, and should be of concern to evaluators, commissioners and consumers of evaluations.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 553-560
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1244701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1244701
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:553-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2016.1253262
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2016.1253262
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aya Suzuki
Author-X-Name-First: Aya
Author-X-Name-Last: Suzuki
Author-Name: Kengo Igei
Author-X-Name-First: Kengo
Author-X-Name-Last: Igei
Title: Does efficient provision of business development services yield better results for SMEs?: evidence from a networking project in Thailand
Abstract: 
 Despite the growing attention on the role of managerial training in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the SMEs’ use of business development services (BDS) remains low. While previous studies discussed demand-side constraints of SMEs, empirical evidence on the impact of improving the supply-side of existing BDS providers is limited. In this study, we focus on the supply-side constraints of BDS. We discuss a case in Thailand in which the government, in collaboration with the Japan International Cooperation Agency, implemented a project to establish a formal network among existing BDS providers to enhance their effectiveness. Using primary data of SMEs and BDS providers, we find that providers in the treatment provinces may change their behavior in reaching out to SMEs. Further, SMEs that use BDS may enhance their knowledge and demand for providers, improve their business practices, and increase the likelihoods to have certified products and to export.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 203-229
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1638435
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1638435
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:203-229




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María Edo
Author-X-Name-First: María
Author-X-Name-Last: Edo
Author-Name: Mariana Marchionni
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Marchionni
Title: The impact of a conditional cash transfer programme on education outcomes beyond school attendance in Argentina
Abstract: 
 We estimate the impact on education outcomes of the Universal Child Allowance (AUH), a conditional cash transfer programme launched in Argentina in 2009. Evidence from previous works suggests a significant positive impact on attendance rates at the beginning of the school year. In this paper we contribute over and above those previous findings by addressing the effects on other education outcomes. Based on a difference-in-difference analysis, we find that the AUH may be held responsible for significant improvements on intra-year dropout rates and primary school completion rates, while the analysis highlights heterogeneous effects across age groups and gender.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 230-252
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1666898
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1666898
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:230-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcus Marktanner
Author-X-Name-First: Marcus
Author-X-Name-Last: Marktanner
Author-Name: Almuth Merkel
Author-X-Name-First: Almuth
Author-X-Name-Last: Merkel
Title: Conflict and aid dependency – an explorative study motivated by the case of Palestine
Abstract: 
 How does conflict affect aid? We argue that aid flows do not provide an accurate picture of the aid community’s legacy in conflict countries because aid flows do not inform about aid dependency, which is an often used, but not clearly defined or quantifiable, term. In this paper, we propose a quantifiable concept of aid dependency that is similar to epidemiology’s distinction between incidence (aid flows) and prevalence (aid dependency) rates. We then calculate for a sample of 101 countries their aid dependency levels and show that conflict is a driver of aid dependency. Our aid dependency concept may be useful for estimating the aid community’s necessary commitment in post-conflict countries to prevent the economy from stalling.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 253-272
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1666899
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1666899
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:253-272




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caitlin Tulloch
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tulloch
Title: Taking intervention costs seriously: a new, old toolbox for inference about costs
Abstract: 
 This paper examines a new set of average cost data from a large international NGO, finding that costs for the same intervention can vary as much as twenty times when scale or context is changed. Despite this challenge to the generalisability of cost estimates, a high proportion of the variation can be explained by observable program and contextual characteristics. Binary questions about whether cost estimates are externally valid do not provide a useful framework for wider inference; instead, researchers can gain analytical traction if they study what factors cause the costs of specific interventions to change, and by how much.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 273-287
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1684342
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1684342
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:273-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivian Andrea Welch
Author-X-Name-First: Vivian Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Welch
Author-Name: Alomgir Hossain
Author-X-Name-First: Alomgir
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain
Author-Name: Elizabeth Ghogomu
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghogomu
Author-Name: Alison Riddle
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Riddle
Author-Name: Simon Cousens
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Cousens
Author-Name: Michelle Gaffey
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaffey
Author-Name: Paul Arora
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Arora
Author-Name: Robert Black
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Donald Bundy
Author-X-Name-First: Donald
Author-X-Name-Last: Bundy
Author-Name: Mary Christine Castro
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Castro
Author-Name: Li Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Omar Dewidar
Author-X-Name-First: Omar
Author-X-Name-Last: Dewidar
Author-Name: Alison Elliott
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott
Author-Name: Henrik Friis
Author-X-Name-First: Henrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Friis
Author-Name: T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
Author-X-Name-First: T. Déirdre
Author-X-Name-Last: Hollingsworth
Author-Name: Sue Horton
Author-X-Name-First: Sue
Author-X-Name-Last: Horton
Author-Name: Charles H. King
Author-X-Name-First: Charles H.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Huong Le Thi
Author-X-Name-First: Huong Le
Author-X-Name-Last: Thi
Author-Name: Chengfang Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Chengfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Fabian Rohner
Author-X-Name-First: Fabian
Author-X-Name-Last: Rohner
Author-Name: Emily K Rousham
Author-X-Name-First: Emily K
Author-X-Name-Last: Rousham
Author-Name: Rehana Salam
Author-X-Name-First: Rehana
Author-X-Name-Last: Salam
Author-Name: Erliyani Sartono
Author-X-Name-First: Erliyani
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartono
Author-Name: Peter Steinmann
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Steinmann
Author-Name: Taniawati Supali
Author-X-Name-First: Taniawati
Author-X-Name-Last: Supali
Author-Name: Peter Tugwell
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Tugwell
Author-Name: Emily Webb
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb
Author-Name: Franck Wieringa
Author-X-Name-First: Franck
Author-X-Name-Last: Wieringa
Author-Name: Pattanee Winnichagoon
Author-X-Name-First: Pattanee
Author-X-Name-Last: Winnichagoon
Author-Name: Maria Yazdanbakhsh
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Yazdanbakhsh
Author-Name: Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Author-X-Name-First: Zulfiqar A
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhutta
Author-Name: George A Wells
Author-X-Name-First: George A
Author-X-Name-Last: Wells
Title: Deworming children for soil-transmitted helminths in low and middle-income countries: systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis
Abstract: 
 Intestinal parasites affect millions of children globally. We aimed to assess effects of deworming children on nutritional and cognitive outcomes across potential effect modifiers using individual participant data (IPD). We searched multiple databases to 27 March 2018, grey literature, and other sources. We included randomised and quasi randomised trials of deworming compared to placebo or other nutritional interventions with data on baseline infection. We used a random-effects network meta-analysis with IPD and assessed overall quality, following a pre-specified protocol. We received IPD from 19 trials of STH deworming. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup effects across age, sex, nutritional status or infection intensity for each type of STH. These analyses showed that children with moderate or heavy intensity infections, deworming for STH may increase weight gain (very low certainty). The added value of this review is an exploration of effects on growth and cognition in children with moderate to heavy infections as well as replicating prior systematic review results of small effects at the population level. Policy implications are that complementary public health strategies need to be assessed and considered to achieve growth and cognition benefits for children in helminth endemic areas.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 288-306
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1691627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1691627
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:288-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Bauchet
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bauchet
Author-Name: Amy Damon
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Damon
Author-Name: Vance Larsen
Author-X-Name-First: Vance
Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen
Title: Microfinance bundling and consumer protection: experimental evidence from Colombia
Abstract: 
 Bundling micro-insurance with loans should help not only decrease costs and therefore increase take-up but may also decrease financial inclusion if the insurance and/or loan are refused. We implement a randomised control trial in which a voluntary crop micro-insurance product is offered jointly with a loan application or separately (at a later date). The delayed offer of insurance did not influence overall insurance take-up or coverage amount but had heterogeneous impacts by crop, supporting the idea that bundling microfinance products is an opportunity more than a constraint. Yet, low product understanding also highlights the need for well-designed and effective consumer protection policies.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 443-461
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1363802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1363802
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:443-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacopo Bonan
Author-X-Name-First: Jacopo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonan
Author-Name: Philippe LeMay-Boucher
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: LeMay-Boucher
Author-Name: Michel Tenikue
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Tenikue
Title: Increasing anti-malaria bednet take-up using information and distribution strategies: evidence from a field trial in Senegal
Abstract: 
 We evaluate the effects of different marketing and distribution techniques on the purchase of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LL-ITN). Using an individually assigned quasi-randomised controlled trial in urban Senegal, we look at the impacts of different sale treatments. Receiving an offer to purchase an LL-ITN with a voucher valid for seven days increases purchases by 23 percentage points, compared to an on-the-spot sale offer. We find suggestive evidence that providing information is not significantly correlated to the demand for LL-ITNs, but appears to be for individuals who have never attended school and have poor knowledge of malaria.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 543-562
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1363803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1363803
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:543-562




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solomon Asfaw
Author-X-Name-First: Solomon
Author-X-Name-Last: Asfaw
Author-Name: Alessandro Carraro
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Carraro
Author-Name: Benjamin Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa
Author-Name: David Seidenfeld
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Seidenfeld
Title: Cash transfer programmes, weather shocks and household welfare: evidence from a randomised experiment in Zambia
Abstract: 
 We assess the role of social cash transfer programmes against the negative effect of weather risk on rural households’ welfare using experimental impact evaluation data from Zambia. We find strong evidence that cash transfer has a mitigating role against the negative effects of weather shocks. Our results in fact highlight how important social cash transfer is for households lying in the bottom quantile of consumption and food security distributions in moderating the negative effect of weather shock. Integrating weather risk and social protection tools into a comprehensive poverty reduction strategy should therefore be of primary interest for policymakers.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 419-442
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1377751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1377751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:419-442




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Björn Vollan
Author-X-Name-First: Björn
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollan
Author-Name: Karla Henning
Author-X-Name-First: Karla
Author-X-Name-Last: Henning
Author-Name: Deniza Staewa
Author-X-Name-First: Deniza
Author-X-Name-Last: Staewa
Title: Do campaigns featuring impact evaluations increase donations? Evidence from a survey experiment
Abstract: 
 We examine whether advertising the scientific soundness of an aid project or advertising the quality of an aid organisation influences donation behaviour compared to a standard emotional appeal. Using survey experiments at three universities in Austria and Germany (n = 578), we find that average donations of 14 Euros increased by 8 Euros in the treatment group that received information indicating that the project was evaluated using a randomised controlled trial (RCT). We find no effect for advertising that the organisation has earned a seal of quality. Since the majority of non-profits have already earned such a seal, people might become sceptical if an aid agency emphasises their trustworthiness, a trait that is assumed to be a given. Our results highlight that not only aid recipients but also aid organisations can benefit from adopting rigorously evaluated projects and carrying out RCTs in terms of increased income from charitable giving.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 500-518
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1377752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1377752
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:500-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ezequiel Molina
Author-X-Name-First: Ezequiel
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina
Author-Name: Laura Carella
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Carella
Author-Name: Ana Pacheco
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Pacheco
Author-Name: Guillermo Cruces
Author-X-Name-First: Guillermo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruces
Author-Name: Leonardo Gasparini
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasparini
Title: Community monitoring interventions to curb corruption and increase access and quality in service delivery: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 There is a belief that allowing communities monitoring power over providers could be beneficial for improving service delivery and reducing corruption in service delivery. In community monitoring interventions (CMIs), the community is given the opportunity to observe and assess providers’ performance and provide feedback to providers and politicians. This systematic review and meta-analysis appraises and synthesises evidence on the effects of CMIs on access and quality of service delivery and corruption outcomes in low and middle-income countries. The results indicate evidence of beneficial effects of CMIs on service delivery quality and on helping to curb corruption. The potential benefits of CMIs on access to and quality of services are likely to be higher when interventions are designed so that contact between both actors are promoted, and tools for citizens to monitor agents’ performance are provided. However, more rigorous research is needed to address this hypothesis.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 462-499
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1378243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1378243
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:462-499




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jyotsna Puri
Author-X-Name-First: Jyotsna
Author-X-Name-Last: Puri
Author-Name: Anastasia Aladysheva
Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia
Author-X-Name-Last: Aladysheva
Author-Name: Vegard Iversen
Author-X-Name-First: Vegard
Author-X-Name-Last: Iversen
Author-Name: Yashodhan Ghorpade
Author-X-Name-First: Yashodhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghorpade
Author-Name: Tilman Brück
Author-X-Name-First: Tilman
Author-X-Name-Last: Brück
Title: Can rigorous impact evaluations improve humanitarian assistance?
Abstract: 
 Each year billions of US-dollars of humanitarian assistance are mobilised in response to man-made emergencies and natural disasters. Yet, rigorous evidence for how best to intervene remains scant. This dearth reflects that rigorous impact evaluations of humanitarian assistance pose major methodological, practical and ethical challenges. While theory-based impact evaluations can crucially inform humanitarian programming, popular methods, such as orthodox RCTs, are less suitable. Instead, factorial designs and quasi-experimental designs can be ethical and robust, answering questions about how to improve the delivery of assistance. We argue that it helps to be prepared, planning impact evaluations before the onset of emergencies.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 519-542
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1388267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1388267
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:519-542




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2017.1394515
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2017.1394515
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Title: The rise of impact evaluations and challenges which CEDIL is to address
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 393-399
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1539387
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1539387
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:393-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Jimenez
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington
Author-Name: Neeta Goel
Author-X-Name-First: Neeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Goel
Author-Name: Audrey Prost
Author-X-Name-First: Audrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Prost
Author-Name: Andrew Pullin
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Pullin
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Author-Name: Shaon Lahiri
Author-X-Name-First: Shaon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahiri
Author-Name: Anmol Narain
Author-X-Name-First: Anmol
Author-X-Name-Last: Narain
Title: Mixing and matching: using qualitative methods to improve quantitative impact evaluations (IEs) and systematic reviews (SRs) of development outcomes
Abstract: 
 Recent evaluations have begun to use qualitative data in a manner that helps improve the quality and relevance of studies through the inferences that are drawn from them, and their applicability to policy makers and programme implementers. This paper reviews this work and identifies good practices to integrate qualitative methods into quantitative impact evaluations (IEs) and systematic reviews (SRs). Using recent literature on the characteristics of such practices, we developed two tools to assess the methodological rigour and mixed methods integration of 40 IEs and 7 SRs, drawing upon previous approaches. Our findings are that successful mixed methods quantitative impact evaluations: (1) provide a clear rationale for integration of methods; (2) deploy multidisciplinary teams; (3) provide adequate documentation; and (4) acknowledge limitations to the generalisability of qualitative and quantitative findings. Successful integration tended to improve mixed methods impact evaluations by collecting better data to inform the study design and findings, which helped contextualise quantitative findings. Our main observation on the integration of mixed methods in the systematic reviews is that mixed methods systematic reviews bringing together literatures that answer different questions can go beyond the &#x2018;sum of their parts&#x2019; to provide holistic answers about development effectiveness. The findings of this study inform several recommendations to improve the conduct and reporting of mixed methods impact evaluations and systematic reviews.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 400-421
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1534875
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1534875
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:400-421




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dylan Kneale
Author-X-Name-First: Dylan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kneale
Author-Name: James Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Mukdarut Bangpan
Author-X-Name-First: Mukdarut
Author-X-Name-Last: Bangpan
Author-Name: Hugh Waddington
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington
Author-Name: David Gough
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Gough
Title: Conceptualising causal pathways in systematic reviews of international development interventions through adopting a causal chain analysis approach
Abstract: 
 Understanding the extent to which an intervention &#x2018;works&#x2019; can provide compelling evidence to decision makers, although without an accompanying explanation of how an intervention works, this evidence can be difficult to apply in other settings, ultimately impeding its usefulness in making judicious and evidence-informed decisions. In this paper, we describe logic models as a tool for outlining graphically a hypothesis of how an intervention leads to a change in an outcome through depicting a causal chain of events. However, it is the nature of these connecting relationships and their basis in causality which is of interest here, and we focus on complex causal relationships and the way in which contextual factors reflecting the intervention setting or population may moderate these. Evidence synthesis techniques are considered, and their usefulness in analysing different parts of the causal chain or different types of relationship. The approaches outlined in this paper aim to assist systematic reviewers in producing findings that are useful to decision makers and practitioners, and in turn help to confirm existing theories or develop entirely new ways of understanding how interventions effect change
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 422-437
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1530278
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1530278
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:422-437




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rick Davies
Author-X-Name-First: Rick
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies
Title: Representing theories of change: technical challenges with evaluation consequences
Abstract: 
 This paper looks at the technical issues associated with the representation of Theories of Change and the implications of design choices for the evaluability of those theories. The focus is on the description of connections between events rather than the events themselves, because this is seen as a widespread design weakness. Using examples and evidence from Internet sources six structural problems are described along with their consequences for evaluation. The paper then outlines a range of different ways of addressing these problems that could be used by programme designers, implementers and evaluators. The paper concludes with some caution speculating on why the design problems are so endemic but also pointing a way forward. Four strands of work are identified that CEDIL and DFID could invest in to develop solutions identified in the paper.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 438-461
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1526202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1526202
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:438-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingvild Alm&#xE5;s
Author-X-Name-First: Ingvild
Author-X-Name-Last: Alm&#xE5;s
Author-Name: Orazio Attanasio
Author-X-Name-First: Orazio
Author-X-Name-Last: Attanasio
Author-Name: Jyotsna Jalan
Author-X-Name-First: Jyotsna
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalan
Author-Name: Francisco Oteiza
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Oteiza
Author-Name: Marcella Vigneri
Author-X-Name-First: Marcella
Author-X-Name-Last: Vigneri
Title: Using data differently and using different data
Abstract: 
 The lack of adequate measures is often an impediment to robust policy evaluation. We discuss three approaches to measurement and data usage that have the potential to improve the way we conduct impact evaluations. First, the creation of new measures, when no adequate ones are available. Second, the use of multiple measures when a single one is not appropriate. And third, the use of machine learning algorithms to evaluate and understand programme impacts. We motivate the relevance of each of the categories by providing examples where they have proved useful in the past. We discuss the challenges and risks involved in each strategy and conclude with an outline of promising directions for future work.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 462-481
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1530279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1530279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:462-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jayne Webster
Author-X-Name-First: Jayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Webster
Author-Name: Josephine Exley
Author-X-Name-First: Josephine
Author-X-Name-Last: Exley
Author-Name: James Copestake
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Copestake
Author-Name: Rick Davies
Author-X-Name-First: Rick
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies
Author-Name: James Hargreaves
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Hargreaves
Title: Timely evaluation in international development
Abstract: 
 Impact and process evaluations are increasingly used in international development; however they are generally retrospective in outlook. A more timely approach to evaluation aims to identify necessary, feasible and effective changes during a programme or intervention&#x2019;s lifetime. This paper aims to identify, categorise, describe and critically appraise methods to support more timely evaluation in international development. Potential methods were identified through scoping seminar, public symposium, targeted review of the literature, and the authors&#x2019; own experiences and opinions. Findings from the different data sources were reviewed collectively by the author group and triangulated to develop an analytical framework. We identified four purposes of timely evaluation for international development, and critiqued the use of approaches against four dimensions of timeliness and flexibility. Whilst we found significant interest in more timely approaches to evaluation in international development, there was a dearth of published empirical evidence upon which to base strong recommendations. There is significant potential for timely evaluation to improve international development outcomes. New approaches to mixing and adapting existing methods, together with new technologies offer increased potential. Research is needed to provide an empirical evidence base upon which to further develop the application, across sectors and contexts, of timely evaluation in international development.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 482-508
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1543345
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1543345
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vijaya Sherry Chand
Author-X-Name-First: Vijaya Sherry
Author-X-Name-Last: Chand
Author-Name: Ketan Satish Deshmukh
Author-X-Name-First: Ketan Satish
Author-X-Name-Last: Deshmukh
Title: Does implementing problem-solving projects affect decisional style? Developing governance capabilities in school management committees
Abstract: 
 Faith in the power of local decision-making underpins decentralised democratic governance, but the evidence for its effectiveness is mixed. It is in this context that school management committees (SMCs) were established in 2009–10 in India. Training these SMCs received has been criticised for focusing only a set of high expectations built around an idealised set of roles and responsibilities, and not on the members’ decision-making capabilities. We describe how problem-solving projects can be employed to develop such capabilities, through a field experiment in 50 SMCs, with another 50 serving as controls, that studied decisional styles of 603 SMC members. The analysis was based on a confirmatory factor analysis of a two-factor (vigilant and maladaptive styles) model, with the variation among SMCs controlled through a two-level model and path analysis. There was a significant positive effect on the vigilant decision-making style of those who participated in the programme (β = 0.195, p < .05), though maladaptive styles increased in both the treatment and control groups. Given that SMCs are expected to remain a feature of local governance structures, the importance of functional partnerships between the SMCs and school principals is indicated.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1551920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1551920
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hilary Floate
Author-X-Name-First: Hilary
Author-X-Name-Last: Floate
Author-Name: Jo Durham
Author-X-Name-First: Jo
Author-X-Name-Last: Durham
Author-Name: Geoffrey C. Marks
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marks
Title: Moving on from logical frameworks to find the ‘missing middle’ in international development programmes
Abstract: 
 Theory-driven approaches to evaluation are increasingly employed in international development programmes to assess how programmes achieve outcomes – planned and unplanned. While the logical framework has long been used in international development, several leading international organisations are turning to theory-of-change (TOC) and realist approaches. For development practitioners, the nomenclature and process of constructing programme theory can seem daunting and the added value unclear. Using a real-world case study, this paper aims to demystify the terminology behind three theory-driven approaches (i.e. the logical framework, TOC and realist approaches) and address questions of why and how theory-driven evaluation can be incorporated into practice to provide a more informed and nuanced understanding of how programmes ‘work’. Using a nutrition case study, we highlight the key differences and commonalities between each approach and illustrate the process of constructing programme theory for each approach. A combination of the TOC and realist approaches is then explored to identify the added benefit to a combined approach in constructing programme theory. The combination of approaches provides a deeper knowledge of context and mechanisms required for change. Five guiding principles are identified to facilitate in the application of this combined approach.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 89-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2018.1551921
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2018.1551921
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lili Li
Author-X-Name-First: Lili
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Fang Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Fang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: Old is not always better: evidence from five randomized experiments in rural primary schools in China
Abstract: 
 In recent years, researchers have begun to focus attention on trying to identify systematic factors that cause interventions to have different impacts in different contexts. In this paper, we seek to understand whether the age of principals at schools implementing nutrition-based interventions has an impact on program outcomes. To explore the relative effectiveness of younger and older school principals, we use data from five large-scale, nutrition-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 12,595 primary school students in 336 schools in rural China. Our results, using two age cut-offs for distinguishing young principals from old ones, indicate that improvements in the health and nutrition outcomes of students were significantly higher in schools with younger principals than in schools run by older principals (when using a cutoff of 40 years old). When using a cut-off of 45 years old, the point estimates of the impacts similarly suggest that young principals are more effective, although the results are not significantly significant. The results are similar when we look at the impact of disaggregated interventions in schools managed by young and old principals. The findings are clear that the interventions implemented by older principals are not more effective than those implemented by younger principals.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 68-88
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1595086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1595086
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Lopez-Avila
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Avila
Title: Child discipline and social programs: evidence from Colombia
Abstract: 
 Early childhood interventions are high on the social policy agenda. Yet their impact on disciplining practices is scarce. This paper examines how early childhood interventions affect disciplining methods in Colombia, where poor households are eligible for different social programmes based on a proxy means index. Using a regression discontinuity design, I found that benefiting on a larger extent of childcare, nutritional programmes and health checks, decreases parents’ use of physical disciplining. Using a different data set and through a propensity score matching, I show that mothers of children exposed longer to a child care service use more often non-physical methods.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 15-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1595088
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1595088
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akshaya Ayyangar
Author-X-Name-First: Akshaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Ayyangar
Author-Name: Sriharini Narayanan
Author-X-Name-First: Sriharini
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan
Author-Name: Reeba Devaraj
Author-X-Name-First: Reeba
Author-X-Name-Last: Devaraj
Author-Name: Venkata Santhosh Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata Santhosh
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: Ganesh Devkar
Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Devkar
Author-Name: Thillai Rajan Annamalai
Author-X-Name-First: Thillai Rajan
Author-X-Name-Last: Annamalai
Title: Target segmentation in WASH policies, programmes and projects: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 Despite several years of concentrated efforts to provide safe and improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, progress towards universal access to WASH has been uneven. The problem is more acute in developing countries. Identification of target segments and proper understanding of barriers faced by these segments would have an important role to play in achieving universal access to WASH facilities. There are multiple ways of segmenting WASH beneficiaries: The conventional approach has been through geographical and social segmentation (such as urban, rural, poor and so on), however there is increasing advocacy for a life-cycle based approach that targets beneficiaries based on their gender, age and so on. This systematic review compares the trends in Life-Cycle Segmentation (LCS) vis-a-vis the Geographic and Social Segmentation (GSS) with the hypothesis that such an understanding would be helpful in achieving universal access to WASH. Drawing on policies, programmes and projects from 11 countries in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, it was found that in general, GSS has been the dominant approach to targeting population in WASH policy making and programming, though there were variations across regions and sectors. Incorporation of LCS would complement the GSS in improving effectiveness and equity of access to WASH interventions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 43-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1595090
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1595090
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Loraine D. Cook
Author-X-Name-First: Loraine D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cook
Author-Name: Garth Lipps
Author-X-Name-First: Garth
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipps
Title: An examination of a temperament-based intervention in selected early childhood institutions in Jamaica
Abstract: 
 INSIGHTS into children’s temperaments is an intervention that provides parents and teachers with child behaviour management strategies tailored to fit children’s personality styles. A mixed-methods intervention design was utilized. All 5-year-old students in three schools received the programme. Five-year-old students from another three schools were control groups. Thirty-five children were randomly selected for the administration of the scales. At the end of 10-weeks, 30  parents and 4 teachers whose schools received the treatment took part in a focus group discussion.  Due to the small sample sizes, the changes in children’s behaviours and academic performance were not statistically significant. The qualitative findings suggested that the adults had an increased understanding of children’s temperaments.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1724177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1724177
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Averi Chakrabarti
Author-X-Name-First: Averi
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakrabarti
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa
Author-Name: Luisa Natali
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Natali
Author-Name: David Seidenfeld
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Seidenfeld
Author-Name: Gelson Tembo
Author-X-Name-First: Gelson
Author-X-Name-Last: Tembo
Title: More evidence on the relationship between cash transfers and child height
Abstract: 
 We examine the effect of the Zambia Child Grant Programme – an unconditional cash transfer (CT) targeted to rural households with children under age five – on height-for-age up to four years after programme initiation. The CT scheme had large positive effects on nutritional inputs like food expenditure and meal frequency, but no impact on child height-for-age. Production function estimates indicate that food carries little weight in the production of child height in the study sample. In settings with poor health infrastructure and harsh disease environments, a stand-alone CT is unlikely to address long-term chronic malnutrition unless accompanied by complementary interventions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 14-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1731568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1731568
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uchenna Efobi
Author-X-Name-First: Uchenna
Author-X-Name-Last: Efobi
Author-Name: Scholastica Ngozi Atata
Author-X-Name-First: Scholastica Ngozi
Author-X-Name-Last: Atata
Author-Name: Joseph Ajefu
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajefu
Title: Informal associations, shocks, and household food consumption: panel data estimation from rural Nigeria
Abstract: 
 We use the three-waves panel data for households in rural Nigeria from the General Household Surveys (GHS), which is part of the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA), to investigate how informal associations help households that are exposed to adverse shocks in smoothing their food consumption. We find that informal associations help to improve the percentage of food expenditure and dietary diversity of households who are members compared to those non-member households. Moreover, we investigate potential mechanisms through which these relationships hold, and we find that households are able to borrow from both the association and other individuals who may be members of similar networks. Our results are robust to different specifications.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 38-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1731569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1731569
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Dietrich
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietrich
Author-Name: Daniele Malerba
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele
Author-X-Name-Last: Malerba
Author-Name: Armando Barrientos
Author-X-Name-First: Armando
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrientos
Author-Name: Franziska Gassmann
Author-X-Name-First: Franziska
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassmann
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen
Author-Name: Nyasha Tirivayi
Author-X-Name-First: Nyasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivayi
Title: Human capital returns to cash transfers in Uganda: does it matter in the long run?
Abstract: 
 The paper reports on an ex-ante evaluation of the nationwide scale up of two pilot cash transfer programmes in Uganda. We use panel data to estimate consumption elasticities of child health status and school enrolment. They provide the main parameters of a micro-simulation model predicting cash transfer effects on human capital accumulation and feedback effects on consumption. Quantifying year on year costs and direct and indirect benefits, we track the annual trend in rates of return. The findings indicate important gains in child health, schooling, and income growth associated with programme participation. The rates of return improve over the medium term but remain negative after 10 years. These findings underline the need to regard cash transfers as longer-term social investment instead of short-term costs.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 54-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1691626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2019.1691626
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth David-Barrett
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: David-Barrett
Author-Name: Aoife Murray
Author-X-Name-First: Aoife
Author-X-Name-Last: Murray
Author-Name: Johanna Polvi
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Polvi
Author-Name: Richard Burge
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Burge
Title: Evaluating anti-corruption agencies: learning from the Caribbean
Abstract: 
 Evaluating anti-corruption programmes is difficult because of the complexity and hidden nature of corruption, its political sensitivity, and the ability of corrupt networks to adapt. We show how a theory-based evaluation can elaborate a set of intermediate outcomes for the evaluation of anti-corruption programmes, and showcase purpose-built tools for evaluating capacity building. We discuss learning from two evaluations of Anti-Corruption programmes in the Caribbean to demonstrate how anti-corruption theory is translated into law enforcement practice through both economic models of criminals as rational actors whose behaviour can be changed by altering incentives and social norms models which emphasise local contextualisation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 74-88
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1745869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1745869
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Letaa
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Letaa
Author-Name: Enid Katungi
Author-X-Name-First: Enid
Author-X-Name-Last: Katungi
Author-Name: Catherine Kabungo
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabungo
Author-Name: Agness A. Ndunguru
Author-X-Name-First: Agness A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndunguru
Title: Impact of improved common bean varieties on household food security on adopters in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the impact of improved common bean varieties on food security using two indicators: per capita food consumption expenditure and dietary diversity score. A generalised propensity score matching technique and an instrumental variable approach were used to assess the impact of improved bean adoption on household food security outcomes. Results show that the effect of improved common bean adoption is generally positive and increases with area allocated for improved beans. The study also provides useful lessons for breeding programs targeting to achieve higher food security outcomes among land-constrained producers.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 89-108
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1748093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1748093
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:89-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brock Boleman
Author-X-Name-First: Brock
Author-X-Name-Last: Boleman
Title: Enduring El Niño: impact of market access programmes on livelihood outcomes during drought conditions in Haiti
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates a set of programmes that aimed to help Haitian farmers overcome access barriers to technology adoption and output markets during a low rainfall season. The study relies on inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods to estimate the effectiveness of three interventions separately against the counterfactual of traditional maize intercropping. Of the multiple interventions, estimated impacts indicate that the intensive peanut programme was the most effective in mitigating risk and improving overall outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of focusing on resilience as a means of improving livelihoods for effective development initiatives in disaster-prone areas.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 109-132
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1751241
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1751241
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carla Dohmwirth
Author-X-Name-First: Carla
Author-X-Name-Last: Dohmwirth
Author-Name: Ziming Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Ziming
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Does cooperative membership matter for women’s empowerment? Evidence from South Indian dairy producers
Abstract: 
 Rural women substantially contribute to agricultural production and development in South Asia, and farmer cooperatives have been promoted to empower them. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of cooperative membership on women. In this paper, we evaluate impacts of membership in women-only and mixed-gender cooperatives in South India on women’s intra-household decision-making power, using data of 313 female milk producers. Propensity score matching and a two-step control function approach are employed to account for selection bias due to observed and unobserved factors. We find that membership in either women-only or mixed-gender cooperatives has a positive impact on intra-household decision-making power. In particular, members of mixed-gender cooperatives gain significantly more power over decisions regarding dairy production, compared to members of women-only cooperatives. We conclude that women-only cooperatives are not more effective for women’s empowerment than mixed-gender cooperatives. However, because women have limited access to mixed-gender cooperatives, women-only cooperatives are generally more accessible for the majority of them.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 133-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1758749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1758749
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alberto Chong
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong
Author-Name: Irene Velez
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: Velez
Title: Business training for women entrepreneurs in the Kyrgyz Republic: evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Abstract: 
 We design and apply a randomised controlled trial that seeks to examine the overall impact of a nationwide training program for female entrepreneurs that own small or medium businesses in the tourism and garment sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic on outcome variables related to business growth and decision making. Unlike other studies, we are able to exploit panel data based on three rounds of post-intervention surveys, plus the baseline. Thus, four data rounds in total. We use an ANCOVA model and find small positive impacts on longer-term investments in labour inputs, though these investments do not translate into higher sales or profits.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 151-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1758750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1758750
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:151-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Toshiaki Aizawa
Author-X-Name-First: Toshiaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Aizawa
Title: Does the expanded eligibility of conditional cash transfers enhance healthcare use among socio-economically disadvantaged mothers in India?
Abstract: 
 The conditional cash transfer programme in India, the Janani Suraksha Yojana JSY), was introduced in 2005 to encourage women to give birth at health institutions. The JSY targeted women of disadvantaged socio-economic status.  In November 2006, along with increased cash incentive, eligibility was expanded in ten low-performing states to all the women.  However, this expansion could potentially have contributed to steepening the pro-rich gradients of healthcare utilisation. This paper estimates the impacts of this policy reform and shows that while the policy reform increases maternal healthcare use, it does not show impacts more favourable for women with advantageous socio-economic backgrounds.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 164-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1773899
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1773899
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop
Author-Name: Shelby Fallon
Author-X-Name-First: Shelby
Author-X-Name-Last: Fallon
Author-Name: Fakir Md Yunus
Author-X-Name-First: Fakir Md
Author-X-Name-Last: Yunus
Author-Name: Sabeth Munrat
Author-X-Name-First: Sabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Munrat
Author-Name: Saira Parveen Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Saira Parveen
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Author-Name: Farzana Sehrin
Author-X-Name-First: Farzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Sehrin
Author-Name: Bachera Aktar
Author-X-Name-First: Bachera
Author-X-Name-Last: Aktar
Author-Name: Ruhina Binta A Ghani
Author-X-Name-First: Ruhina Binta
Author-X-Name-Last: A Ghani
Author-Name: Joshua Sennett
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Sennett
Title: Mothers’ education and the effectiveness of nutrition programmes: evidence from a matched cross-sectional study in rural Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 BRAC Bangladesh trains community health workers to communicate about nutrition in its Maternal, Newborn and Child Health programme. We estimate the programme’s impact on nutrition outcomes among rural Bangladeshi children of two years and younger. We find positive effects on dietary diversity, and show that the programme reduces stunting with 7 percentage points using data from 1600 households in 40 beneficiary mouzas and 40 comparison mouzas. We find larger effects for households where primary caregivers have finished primary school. We did not find effects on wasting, which in contrast to stunting is higher among children with primary caregivers without education.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 279-297
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1828998
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1828998
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Toshiaki Aizawa
Author-X-Name-First: Toshiaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Aizawa
Title: Re-evaluating the early child stimulation programme in Bangladesh: evidence from the partial identification approach
Abstract: 
 This study complements the previous evaluation study of the Early Child Stimulation programme conducted in Bangladesh. Despite a rigorously designed randomised control trial, the presence of non-compliers made it impossible to point-identify the average treatment effect (ATE) on targeted outcomes without additional strong identification assumptions. This study provides new evidence through the partial identification approach, which estimates the ATE bound with weak but credible assumptions. The results show that the ATE bounds include the local average treatment effects and we do not find strong evidence to suggest the ATE among compliers is greatly different from that among the entire population.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 298-322
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1828999
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1828999
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:298-322




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amin Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Amin
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Name: Marco d’Errico
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: d’Errico
Author-Name: Danvers Omolo
Author-X-Name-First: Danvers
Author-X-Name-Last: Omolo
Author-Name: Benjamin Gichane
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gichane
Title: Building resilience in Somalia; evidence from field data collection
Abstract: 
 Resilience enhancing programmes are key to supporting people facing natural and man-induced shocks. International agencies, donors, NGOs, and governments adopted resilience as a framework for designing interventions. However, there is little evidence of the impact of these programs, especially in a fragile context. This paper evaluates the impact of a joint strategy in Somalia. Results show a positive and significant effect on a resilience construct. This paper contributes also to the literature of impact evaluation by using quasi-experimental (but solid) evidence, and by showing the effect of integrated assistance. This finding suggests investing in a diversified approach to enhance resilience.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 323-340
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1840421
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1840421
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:323-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Sabates-Wheeler
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabates-Wheeler
Author-Name: Emily Wylde
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Wylde
Author-Name: Isabella Aboderin
Author-X-Name-First: Isabella
Author-X-Name-Last: Aboderin
Author-Name: Martina Ulrichs
Author-X-Name-First: Martina
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulrichs
Title: The implications of demographic change and ageing for social protection in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from Rwanda
Abstract: 
 There has been minimal consideration of the implications of demographic and social shifts for future old-age social protection needs and programming in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper we address this gap, building on the example of Rwanda. We utilise mixed-methods research to show that aggregate national statistics mask many of the complex vulnerabilities that older people face. These, combined with our projections of changes in Rwanda’s economy, suggest an expanding unmet need for social protection among Rwanda’s older population. A universal social pension is one affordable way to respond to this gap in provision both now and in the future.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 341-360
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1853792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1853792
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:341-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehmet Balcilar
Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet
Author-X-Name-Last: Balcilar
Author-Name: Berkan Tokar
Author-X-Name-First: Berkan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tokar
Author-Name: Olasehinde-Williams Godwin
Author-X-Name-First: Olasehinde-Williams
Author-X-Name-Last: Godwin
Title: Examining the interactive growth effect of development aid and institutional quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the interconnectivity of growth, aid and institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa based on annual data for a panel of 39 nations from 1996-2017. The hypothesis that the growth impact of aid and institutions could be interactive was examined. The results indicate that aid has a direct positive and an indirect negative growth impact through its interaction with domestic institutions. The synergistic growth impact of aid and institutions is found to be substitutive rather than complementary. This substitutive effect is most pronounced in Western Africa, followed by Eastern Africa, then Southern Africa, and least pronounced in Central Africa.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 361-376
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1796759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1796759
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaochen Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaochen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Author-Name: Huan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yaojiang Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yaojiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Sean Sylvia
Author-X-Name-First: Sean
Author-X-Name-Last: Sylvia
Author-Name: Lei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yiwei Qian
Author-X-Name-First: Yiwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: Improving learning by improving vision: evidence from two randomized controlled trials of providing vision care in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the external validity of health intervention by comparing the impacts of providing free eyeglasses on the educational performance of nearsighted children in two settings: rural public schools in Western China and urban private migrant schools in Eastern China. The intervention significantly improves educational outcomes by 0.14 standard deviations in math in rural public schools but not in private migrant schools. The difference in measured impacts is due in part to lower quality schooling in migrant schools in Eastern China. Our findings show that only when school is providing a quality education, health interventions might increase student learnings.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1876139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1876139
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricardo Sabates
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabates
Author-Name: Pauline Rose
Author-X-Name-First: Pauline
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose
Author-Name: Benjamin Alcott
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Alcott
Author-Name: Marcos Delprato
Author-X-Name-First: Marcos
Author-X-Name-Last: Delprato
Title: Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 28-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1844782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1844782
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Viviane Azevedo
Author-X-Name-First: Viviane
Author-X-Name-Last: Azevedo
Author-Name: Lucas Figal Garone
Author-X-Name-First: Lucas
Author-X-Name-Last: Figal Garone
Author-Name: Alessandro Maffioli
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Maffioli
Author-Name: Liliana Olarte Rodriguez
Author-X-Name-First: Liliana
Author-X-Name-Last: Olarte Rodriguez
Title: Credit cards issued by non-financial companies: an alternative tool for financial inclusion and economic development?
Abstract: 
 This study assesses the impacts of acquiring a credit card offered by a non-financial company in Colombia. The card, which is mainly targeted at low-income and unbanked individuals, can be used to fund home improvements and purchase home and personal goods in selected stores. We find that access to the credit card fostered financial inclusion and improved households’ standard of living and well-being. Beneficiaries were more likely to obtain financing through credit cards and increased their total debt and expenses in credit repayments while reducing the likelihood of borrowing from informal credit sources. However, we find no effect on accessing credit from the traditional financial sector. Acquiring the card also increased the likelihood of making key home improvements and purchasing certain expensive time-saving durables. Finally, the household’s saving capacity increased, which signals an improvement in economic well-being and shows that the debt repayment is manageable.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 47-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1874481
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1874481
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabio Pietrapiana
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Pietrapiana
Author-Name: José Manuel Feria-Dominguez
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Feria-Dominguez
Author-Name: Alicia Troncoso
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia
Author-X-Name-Last: Troncoso
Title: Applying wrapper-based variable selection techniques to predict MFIs profitability: evidence from Peru
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we analyse the main factors explaining the profitability (ROA) of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Peru from 2011 to 2107. We apply three wrapper techniques to asample of 168 Peruvians MFIs and 69 attributes obtained from MIX Market database. After running the algorithms M5ʹ, knearest neighbours (KNN) and Random Forest, we find that the M5ʹ algorithm provides the best fit for predicting ROA. Particularly, the key variable of the regression tree is the percentage of expenses over assets and, depending on its value, it is followed by net income after taxes and before donations, or profit margins.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 84-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1884119
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1884119
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sujita Pandey
Author-X-Name-First: Sujita
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey
Author-Name: Angela Daley
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Daley
Title: Free delivery care and supply-side incentives in Nepal’s poorest districts: the effect on prenatal care and neonatal tetanus vaccinations
Abstract: 
 In July 2005, Nepal introduced the ‘Safe Delivery Incentive Programme’, which included free delivery care and supply-side incentives for women in the poorest districts. Using a difference-in-differences model and microdata from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we find the policy increased the probability of prenatal care and neonatal tetanus vaccinations, offsetting disparities between women in the poorest districts and rest of Nepal. Moreover, it was associated with a change in the source of prenatal care, from ‘other’ providers to nurses/midwives. Finally, we find that health investment decisions are interconnected across pregnancy stages; free delivery and supply-side incentives affected prenatal care.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 100-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1853794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1853794
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Cust
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Cust
Author-Name: Harriet Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Harriet
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Tim Powell-Jackson
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Powell-Jackson
Author-Name: Aurélia Lépine
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélia
Author-X-Name-Last: Lépine
Author-Name: Rosalba Radice
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalba
Author-X-Name-Last: Radice
Title: Economic shocks and risky sexual behaviours in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature
Abstract: 
 We document the extent to which economic shocks through economic incentives explain HIV transmission through risky sexual behaviours in LMICs. We include 35 papers containing 31 unique negative and 11 unique positive economic shocks combined with over 320 health and risky sex outcomes. We find a diverse literature with varying empirical approaches showing increases in risky sexual behaviours are more sensitive to negative shocks than decreases are to positive shocks. Those already at risk of engaging in transactional sex are particularly vulnerable to increasing risky behaviours. Protecting against negative shocks is likely to most effective in preventing HIV transmission.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 166-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1928734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1928734
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandra Garbero
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Garbero
Title: Aggregate development effectiveness and externally-valid extrapolation: a fourth principle for Agency-Wide Performance Measurement Systems?
Abstract: 
 Through Alignment, Attribution and intelligent Aggregation, the three core principles forming the basis of Agency-Wide Performance Measurement Systems, performance measurement systems that use impact assessments can make serious contribution to both accountability and lesson-learning. In this paper, we argue that Agencies would benefit by adding a fourth principle, namely ‘externally-valid extrapolation’, since Agencies should be concerned about obtaining rigorous impacts estimates that can be conducive to aggregate impact predictions. Extrapolation essentially means determining a metric of aggregate development effectiveness. Ensuring externally valid extrapolation requires that this metric is estimated based on a sufficiently large set of internally valid studies accompanied by an impact assessment research programme conceived within a framework that maximises external validity at portfolio level. We show how as part of the first impact assessment initiative at IFAD, which dates back to 2012, a methodology was devised to measure and project aggregate development effectiveness at portfolio level.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 117-144
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1928733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1928733
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ragasa
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Ragasa
Author-Name: Diston Mzungu
Author-X-Name-First: Diston
Author-X-Name-Last: Mzungu
Author-Name: Kenan Kalagho
Author-X-Name-First: Kenan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalagho
Author-Name: Cynthia Kazembe
Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazembe
Title: Impact of interactive radio programming on agricultural technology adoption and crop diversification in Malawi
Abstract: 
 This article contributes new empirical evidence on the impact of interactive radio programming on agricultural technology adoption and crop diversification in Malawi. It uses a nationally representative household panel data, complemented by 52 focus group discussions. Radio programming is the preferred source of agricultural and nutrition advice among the rural population. Radio programming has strong positive impact on technology awareness, but a limited impact on actual adoption of most agricultural practices being promoted. Other components of the interactive programming – listening clubs and call-in services – have limited coverage and effectiveness to date.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 204-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1853793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1853793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:204-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco d’Errico
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: d’Errico
Author-Name: Oscar Ngesa
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngesa
Author-Name: Rebecca Pietrelli
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Pietrelli
Title: Assistance in chronic conflict areas: evidence from South Sudan
Abstract: 
 People living in contexts affected by conflict suffer from many forms of deprivation. Failure in the delivery of assistance can translate into the further deterioration of their conditions. This paper combines a geo-referenced household dataset collected in South Sudan in 2017 with information on conflict events from the ACLED. The collection of data in areas extensively affected by violence fills an important gap in the literature. We analyse conflict exposure and test the link with humanitarian assistance. We find that people living in high-intensity conflict areas received less assistance. We suggest social elites and marginalisation as a possible explanation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 145-165
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1924835
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1924835
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seth Garz
Author-X-Name-First: Seth
Author-X-Name-Last: Garz
Author-Name: Elizaveta Perova
Author-X-Name-First: Elizaveta
Author-X-Name-Last: Perova
Title: Prioritising job creation without undermining public works construction among road improvement projects in rural Nicaragua
Abstract: 
 We evaluate the impacts of a road rehabilitation workfare project in Nicaragua. Our results reveal that the substitution of labour-intensive manual paving of dirt roads for commercial paving technology did not undermine the primary goal of increasing access to a paved road, which grew by 16.4 percentage points. The project did not increase overall employment, but was associated with an increase in working as a labourer; though, we do not find specific substitution away from agriculture or self-employment as identified in other work.  We also find impacts on education and health, extending similar findings from African and Asian regions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 224-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1905048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1905048
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 246-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1926784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1926784
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey R. Bloem
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bloem
Author-Name: Rashmita Gandhe
Author-X-Name-First: Rashmita
Author-X-Name-Last: Gandhe
Title: Does psychological well-being mediate economic well-being? short-term evidence from a multifaceted program in the Philippines
Abstract: 
 Can changes in psychological well-being lead to changes in economic well-being? Across many settings, the view that inexpensive psychological interventions can lead to meaningful change in economic well-being has become popular. Examining data from participants of a multifaceted program in the Philippines we find that program participants experience (i) positive changes in income and expenditures, (ii) relatively large changes in measures of psychological well-being, but that (iii) these changes in psychological well-being do not mediate changes in economic well-being. This suggests, at least in the short-term, that changes in psychological attributes may have small effects on measures of economic well-being.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 292-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1924834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1924834
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kefei Han
Author-X-Name-First: Kefei
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Author-Name: Jing Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Title: How neighbours influence commercial health insurance purchase: evidence from 2451 rural households in west China
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to identify whether neighbors would influence the rural household’s decision on commercial health insurance purchase by using a representative sample in west China. We applied an instrumental variable (IV) approach to measure the neighborhood effect, run multiple robustness checks and several heterogeneity analyses. The empirical results find that as neighbors' commercial health insurance purchases increase one unit, the focal family’s possibility of purchase would increase by 0.420 units. These results may have some implications for policy-makers to develop the health insurance industry in rural areas more effectively.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 329-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1953569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1953569
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Bauchet
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bauchet
Author-Name: Eduardo Undurraga
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Undurraga
Author-Name: Ariela Zycherman
Author-X-Name-First: Ariela
Author-X-Name-Last: Zycherman
Author-Name: Jere Behrman
Author-X-Name-First: Jere
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrman
Author-Name: William Leonard
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Leonard
Author-Name: Ricardo Godoy
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Godoy
Title: The effect of gender targeting of food transfers on child nutritional status: experimental evidence from the Bolivian amazon
Abstract: 
 Some research suggests women are more likely to allocate additional resources to their children than are men. This perception has influenced policies such as in-kind food transfer programmes and cash transfer programmes, which often target women recipients. We assess whether targeting in-kind rice transfers to female versus male adult household members has a differential impact on children’s short-run nutritional status. We estimate the impacts of transfers of edible rice and rice seeds, randomly allocated to female or male adults, on three anthropometric indicators: BMI-for-age, arm-muscle area, and triceps skinfold thickness. The trial includes 481 children aged 3–11 years in a horticultural-foraging society of native Amazonians in Bolivia. On average, the gender of the transfer recipient does not influence child anthropometric dimensions, possibly due to norms of cooperation and sharing within and between households. We find limited evidence of heterogeneity in impacts. Transfers to women help children who were growth stunted at baseline to partially catch-up to their better-nourished age-sex peers and help boys (but not girls) and children in higher-income households increase their BMI-for-age. The results of this research point to the importance of considering cultural context in determining if allocating food transfers according to gender are most effective.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 276-291
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1924833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1924833
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Xu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Yinlan Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yinlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Yuefang Duan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuefang
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Title: Do floodplain regulation projects increase vulnerability to poverty of resettlers? Recent evidence from downstream Yellow River, China
Abstract: 
 This paper measures the poverty level of resettlers in the floodplains of the downstream Yellow River before and after resettlement. The Shapley value decomposition method is used to measure the influence of various factors on vulnerability to poverty, and the difference-in-differences model is used to analyse the impact of different resettlement modes on vulnerability to poverty. The results show that relocation greatly increases the risk of poverty for some resettlers. Higher education levels, physical health, and strong labour ability help reduce vulnerability to poverty. Differences in income, education level, and the health status of families are the primary causes of poverty risk.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 309-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1964577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1964577
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:309-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara S. Mensch
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensch
Author-Name: Nicole Haberland
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: Haberland
Author-Name: Erica Soler-Hampejsek
Author-X-Name-First: Erica
Author-X-Name-Last: Soler-Hampejsek
Author-Name: Jean Digitale
Author-X-Name-First: Jean
Author-X-Name-Last: Digitale
Author-Name: Natalie Jackson-Hachonda
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson-Hachonda
Author-Name: Nachela Chelwa
Author-X-Name-First: Nachela
Author-X-Name-Last: Chelwa
Author-Name: Pamela Nyirenda
Author-X-Name-First: Pamela
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyirenda
Author-Name: Erica Chuang
Author-X-Name-First: Erica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuang
Author-Name: Lisa Polen
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Polen
Author-Name: Stephanie R. Psaki
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Psaki
Author-Name: Nkomba Kayeyi
Author-X-Name-First: Nkomba
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayeyi
Author-Name: Michael T. Mbizvo
Author-X-Name-First: Michael T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbizvo
Title: Effects of an e-reader intervention on literacy, numeracy and non-verbal reasoning among adolescent girls in Zambia: evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Abstract: 
 This paper presents results from a three-arm randomized controlled trial in Zambia with a sample of nearly 1200 adolescent girls enrolled in Grade 7. Selected primary schools (N=36) were randomly assigned within each of three districts to one of three arms: 1) e-readers, which girls could take home, provided within a safe space group platform plus community engagement activities; 2) safe space groups plus community engagement activities; and 3) control. The intent-to-treat estimates indicate that girls in the e-reader arm scored significantly better on two basic literacy assessments as well as non-verbal reasoning compared with girls in the control arm.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 247-275
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1953566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1953566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:247-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Goodluck Charles
Author-X-Name-First: Goodluck
Author-X-Name-Last: Charles
Title: Integrating research into policy sphere: evidence from Tanzania
Abstract: 
 This article explores lessons on integrating research evidence into policy through public-private dialogue for the purpose of enhancing evidence-based policy making. Based on a qualitative analysis of the engagement of researchers and policy actors in Tanzania, it is evident that collaborative arrangements of researchers, the private sector, media and policy makers promote the use of research findings in the policy-making process. Accordingly, we suggest a multi-disciplinary network of academia and policy actors as a tool to bring about effective utilisation of research findings in policy decisions.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 424-436
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1971738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1971738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:424-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrés Mideros
Author-X-Name-First: Andrés
Author-X-Name-Last: Mideros
Author-Name: Franziska Gassmann
Author-X-Name-First: Franziska
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassmann
Title: Fostering social mobility. The case of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano in Ecuador
Abstract: 
 Social protection programmes are now expanded due to their efficacy in reducing poverty and vulnerability. However, the literature is scarce regarding long-term effects. Using administrative panel data, this study analyses social mobility in Ecuador and evaluates the effect of the social transfer programme Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH). Results show that social policies should focus on household composition, the accumulation of human capital, and the accumulation of durable goods. Complementary policies must address gender and ethnic equity, as well as reproductive health. Finally, we find that the BDH does foster social mobility, especially if the transfer is complemented with economic inclusion programmes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 385-404
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1968931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1968931
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:385-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Caridad Araujo
Author-X-Name-First: M. Caridad
Author-X-Name-Last: Araujo
Author-Name: M. Adelaida Martinez
Author-X-Name-First: M. Adelaida
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez
Author-Name: Sebastian Martinez
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez
Author-Name: Michelle Perez
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Perez
Author-Name: Mario Sanchez
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez
Title: Do larger school grants improve educational attainment? Evidence from urban Mexico
Abstract: 
 We study the effects of larger cash grants on the educational attainment of low-income middle and high school students in Mexico. Starting in 2009, school grants from the Oportunidades conditional cash transfer programme increased by 27 percent for females and 30 percent for males in 263 of 551 urban localities. Using a difference-in-difference analysis of longitudinal programme registries linked to national standardised tests, we find that students with larger grants experienced lower dropout rates in middle school and were more likely to graduate from high school on time. Specifically, the likelihood of graduation increased by 38.7 percent for females and 41.3 percent for males, suggesting an elastic response to the larger grants.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 405-423
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1968933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1968933
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:405-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Borja Rivero Jiménez
Author-X-Name-First: Borja
Author-X-Name-Last: Rivero Jiménez
Author-Name: David Conde Caballero
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Conde Caballero
Author-Name: Cecilia Pedret Massanet
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedret Massanet
Author-Name: Luis López-Lago Ortiz
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Lago Ortiz
Author-Name: Miguel A García Arias
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel A
Author-X-Name-Last: García Arias
Author-Name: Lorenzo Mariano Juárez
Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariano Juárez
Title: Malnutrition, stunting, development and evidence generation in Guatemala: a systematic review
Abstract: 
 The data regarding child malnutrition in Guatemala place it at the head of this issue in comparison to neighbouring countries. A significant interventionist effort took place over based all the traditional approaches to development. We present a systematic review of evidence that carried out these initiatives between 2014-2020. The scope and limitations of this project and the use of this evidence are discussed within a Policy-Evidence-Based model. Only 14 texts were included in the selection. The initiatives in the nutritional field are the most represented, but there is an appreciation for the relationship in the diversity of interventions implemented.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 343-359
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1953567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1953567
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kengo Igei
Author-X-Name-First: Kengo
Author-X-Name-Last: Igei
Author-Name: Kana Takio
Author-X-Name-First: Kana
Author-X-Name-Last: Takio
Author-Name: Keitaro Aoyagi
Author-X-Name-First: Keitaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Aoyagi
Author-Name: Yoshito Takasaki
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshito
Author-X-Name-Last: Takasaki
Title: Vocational training for demobilized ex-combatants with disabilities in Rwanda
Abstract: 
 Disability-inclusive development is receiving growing attention as a pressing international development issue. Disability-inclusive development is especially urgent and complicated in post-conflict countries. This paper examines the impacts of vocational training on economic empowerment and social reintegration among demobilised ex-combatants with disabilities in Rwanda. This is the first quasi-experimental study on vocational training for disabled ex-combatants. Exploiting the variation in the timing of training uptake within the same training course, we employ a pipeline approach in the following three steps: (1) trimming to guarantee common support within courses, (2) exact matching on key covariates within courses, and (3) regression controlling for covariates within courses based on the matched sample. The results show that the training greatly increased not only employment and earnings, but also trainees’ reintegration into the family and community. The results are robust to potential omitted variable bias and attrition bias according to a coefficient stability test and bound analysis, respectively. Our findings suggest a significant potential of vocational training for disabled ex-combatants in disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration programmes. Our study exemplifies the utility of a credibly designed pipeline approach, which can be applied in a wide range of development projects in practice.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 360-384
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1964575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1964575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:360-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yesuf Awel
Author-X-Name-First: Yesuf
Author-X-Name-Last: Awel
Author-Name: Eleni Yitbarek
Author-X-Name-First: Eleni
Author-X-Name-Last: Yitbarek
Title: Mobile money demand in utility bill payments: A WTP estimate from Ethiopia
Abstract: 
 The study assess mobile money demand for utility bill payments and identify factors that affect its adoption in Ethiopia. We use data from urban household survey and dichotomous choice experiment that randomly offer a range of prices for using mobile money to pay utility bills. We find that households are willing to pay a higher price to use mobile money than the actual price charged by current mobile money service providers for the payment of goods and services. However, demand is sensitive to price changes. Our findings suggest strong latent demand for mobile money in processing payments.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 56-75
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1964576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1964576
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Yaw Okyere
Author-X-Name-First: Charles Yaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Okyere
Title: The effect of internet services on child education outcomes: evidence from poa! Internet in Kenya
Abstract: 
 In 2016-2018 poa! Internet, a private internet service provider, distributed free internet services across schools in Nairobi, Kenya. Using inverse probability weighting (IPW) method, the study finds that the intervention significantly increases students’ internet use and training, receipt of information on educational content, and participation in information and communication technologies (ICTs) education programmes. However, the study does not find evidence that internet services increase school attendance. The results suggest that facilitating access to internet services in schools can significantly increase child computer and internet skills and training in developing countries, even if those investments have limited gains on school attendance.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 4-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1829001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1829001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:4-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edgar F.A Cooke
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar F.A
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooke
Author-Name: Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: Franklin
Author-X-Name-Last: Amuakwa-Mensah
Title: Microfinance loans, women’s economic empowerment, and poverty: a case study of Baobab Microfinance Company
Abstract: 
 We investigate the impact of Baobab Microfinance Company (BMC) loans on poverty and economic empowerment of female clients using a mixed methods approach. Using a sample of 411 BMC clients, we find in some cases, relative lower poverty and higher economic empowerment for clients with a higher frequency of loans compared to those with a lower frequency of loans. An implication is that the marginal impact of loans across different loan cycles is U-shaped rather than linear and has a short-term impact on clients. Furthermore, our qualitative results suggest that loans help women lower poverty and become economically empowered.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 34-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1953568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1953568
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:34-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soazic Elise Wang Sonne
Author-X-Name-First: Soazic Elise
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Sonne
Author-Name: Timothy Kinoti
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinoti
Title: ‘Craft for social good’: do on the job training of artisans’ impact on their vulnerability to poverty? Evidence from Kibera
Abstract: 
 In this paper, We study how an on the job training program targeting low-income jewellery artisans (SOKO) impact on their vulnerability to poverty in Kenya. We use propensity score matching to assess SOKO’s impact on the poverty likelihood of artisans. We find that SOKO artisans have a lower vulnerability to poverty as compared to artisans with similar socio-demographic characteristics but no SOKO affiliation. We also find that female artisans affiliated with SOKO are more vulnerable to poverty as compared to male artisans. Our findings are robust to various propensity score matching specifications and to alternative measures of vulnerability to poverty.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 76-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2042358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2042358
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:76-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gloria Uwingabiye
Author-X-Name-First: Gloria
Author-X-Name-Last: Uwingabiye
Author-Name: Guylaine Nouwoue
Author-X-Name-First: Guylaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nouwoue
Title: Is repeated borrowing better at improving MSMEs’ performance and profitability? A PAMF-CI case study from cote d’Ivoire
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the cumulative effect of successive borrowing from Première Agency de Microfinance-Côte d’Ivoire (PAMF-CI) on MSMEs[i] in Côte d’Ivoire. It employs a non-experimental approach to compare established clients with new clients.After controlling for key observable characteristics of these MSMEs, the findings suggest that there are cumulative positive effects associated with longer programme participation, and graduation from first to second and subsequent larger loans is a strong determinant of business performance and business profitability. The results also indicate that men benefit more than women, with gender being the key factor driving the differential impact in this relationship.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 19-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1937277
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1937277
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre Jacquet
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacquet
Author-Name: Emmanuel Jimenez
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez
Author-Name: Debora Revoltella
Author-X-Name-First: Debora
Author-X-Name-Last: Revoltella
Title: The economic and social impact of private investments: results of a programme to generate useful results while building research capacity
Abstract: 
 This introduction summarily describes an innovative programme jointly organised by the European Investment Bank and the Global Development Network that competitively recruited and trained young researchers from Africa and the Caribbean to research on the economic and social impact of private sector investments funded by the European Investment as part of their Impact Investing Envelope. The introduction also summarises the research articles that were produced as part of the programme and selected for publication in this special issue.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2042359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2042359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maazullah Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Maazullah
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Arjun S. Bedi
Author-X-Name-First: Arjun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bedi
Title: Returns to Interest-free Microcredit: evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Pakistan
Abstract: 
 The existing experimental evidence on returns to capital is based on randomisation of either interest-bearing loans or grants. This paper reports on a field experiment conducted in Pakistan in which interest-free loans were randomly provided to microenterprises. The study was conducted in co-operation with Akhuwat Islamic Microfinance. We find that treatment leads to a substantial increase in working capital and in business profits. Using randomised treatment as an instrument for capital, we find average monthly returns to capital of 8.6 to 11.9 percent a month. These returns are higher than the interest rates charged by conventional microfinance institutions in Pakistan.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 93-107
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1964578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1964578
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevef:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:93-107



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María José Roa
Author-X-Name-First: María José
Author-X-Name-Last: Roa
Author-Name: Alejandra Villegas
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Villegas
Author-Name: Ignacio Garrón
Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrón
Title: Interest rate caps on microcredit: evidence from a natural experiment in Bolivia
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the imposition of caps on microcredit lending rates through credit policies for productive sectors. This financial inclusion intervention provides a unique quasi-experiment, allowing to estimate its effect following a difference-in-differences analysis. Our results suggest that the imposition of interest rate ceilings negatively affected the portfolio balance of new microcredits and loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) granted by Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The balance of the microcredit and SME loans portfolio granted by MFIs, relative to the company portfolio granted by banks, decreased by 26.1% for an average MFI for the period 2011-2018.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 125-142
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1968934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1968934
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Dietrich
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietrich
Author-Name: Georg Schmerzeck
Author-X-Name-First: Georg
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmerzeck
Title: For real? Cash transfers’ effects on food consumption during price shocks in Kenya
Abstract: 
 Cash transfers' positive impacts on food expenditures are well documented. However, beneficiaries' increased market-reliance might render their real consumption more vulnerable to price shocks, which hit developing countries regularly. We contribute to the sparse evidence base on this issue by analysing the effects of a cash transfer programme on food demand during a drastic price shock in Kenya. We find that the shock decreases beneficiaries' real food consumption more than that of non-beneficiaries. The magnitude of this effect varies considerably depending on how particular food baskets are affected by the shock.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 160-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1999303
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1999303
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Leight
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Leight
Author-Name: Josué Awonon
Author-X-Name-First: Josué
Author-X-Name-Last: Awonon
Author-Name: Abdoulaye Pedehombga
Author-X-Name-First: Abdoulaye
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedehombga
Author-Name: Rasmané Ganaba
Author-X-Name-First: Rasmané
Author-X-Name-Last: Ganaba
Author-Name: Elena Martinez
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez
Author-Name: Jessica Heckert
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Heckert
Author-Name: Aulo Gelli
Author-X-Name-First: Aulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelli
Title: The impact of an integrated value chain intervention on household poultry production in Burkina Faso: evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Abstract: 
 This article reports on a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Burkina Faso evaluating a multifaceted intervention, SELEVER, that seeks to increase poultry production by delivering training and strengthening of village-level institutions providing veterinary and credit services. Households exposed to the intervention significantly increase their use of poultry inputs (veterinary services, enhanced feeds, and deworming), and report more poultry sold and higher revenue. However, there is no evidence of an increase in profits. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the return to inputs may not be sufficient to counterbalance the market costs of these inputs.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 108-124
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1968932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1968932
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kien Le
Author-X-Name-First: Kien
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: My Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: My
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: The impacts of rainfall shocks on birth weight in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the less discernible cost of rainfall shocks to birth weight outcomes in the context of Vietnam. Exploiting the variation across districts and conception months-years, we show that in-utero exposure to excessive and deficient rainfall shocks in the second trimester reduces child’s weight at birth by 3.5% (97 grams) and 3.1% (87 grams), respectively. Besides, infants born to poor, rural, and low-educated mothers are especially vulnerable. Since poor infant health can leave persistent effects over the life cycle, the study calls for more efforts in intervention measures to mitigate the impacts of rainfall shocks.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 143-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.1986114
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.1986114
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJDE_A_2047764_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Frieda Vandeninden
Author-X-Name-First: Frieda
Author-X-Name-Last: Vandeninden
Author-Name: Fabienne Fecher
Author-X-Name-First: Fabienne
Author-X-Name-Last: Fecher
Title: Do conditional cash transfers improve antenatal care outcomes in Senegal? Combining non-experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the effects of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) on antenatal consultations in Senegal. We conduct a non-experimental and a quasi-experimental evaluations, in which the control group is constructed using a propensity score matching method. While the non-experimental approach alone does not allow to conclude on the impact of the CCT, the quasi-experimental approach reveals that the CCT significatively increases antenatal consultations of beneficiaries. The combination of non-experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations has the potential to offer evaluation of social policies in a cost-effective way, using existing information, such as administrative data and already-collected survey data.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 265-284
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2047764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2047764
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# input file: RJDE_A_2029539_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Hadia Majid
Author-X-Name-First: Hadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Majid
Author-Name: Syeda Warda Riaz
Author-X-Name-First: Syeda Warda
Author-X-Name-Last: Riaz
Title: Unconditional cash transfers and women’s labor supply in Pakistan
Abstract: 
 This article uses propensity score matching techniques to estimate unconditional cash transfer effects on women’s labour outcomes in Pakistan. Using two rounds of nationally representative data, we find positive effects for women in recipient households . However, we observe a dip in overall women’s employment from the first to the second round. This is likely driven by a downturn in the agriculture sector’s performance. Moreover, women in beneficiary households are better able to recover suggesting higher resilience to macroeconomic shocks. Yet, not all our results are positive as women remain vulnerable in their lack of access to non-agriculture earned income.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 246-264
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2029539
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2029539
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# input file: RJDE_A_2007980_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Sophie Ochmann
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Ochmann
Author-Name: Kehinde Elijah Owolabi
Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Elijah
Author-X-Name-Last: Owolabi
Author-Name: Folake Olatunji-David
Author-X-Name-First: Folake
Author-X-Name-Last: Olatunji-David
Author-Name: Niyi Okunlola
Author-X-Name-First: Niyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Okunlola
Author-Name: Sebastian Vollmer
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmer
Title: The impact of grants in combination with school-based management trainings on primary education: a cluster-randomized trial in Northern Nigeria
Abstract: 
 Grant disbursals and school-based management interventions have received growing attention from policy-makers despite their mixed success at improving educational outcomes. This paper reports results from a large-scale, cluster randomised controlled trial in Sokoto state, Nigeria. School-based management committees received a training and a grant to improve access to and quality of primary school education, especially for girls. One year after implementation, the intervention had no impact on schools’ infrastructure, educational attainment or learning outcomes . Therefore, understanding the context-specific constraints to primary school education is important to avoid spending 100 million USD on a programmewith no discernible impact.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 189-208
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.2007980
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.2007980
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# input file: RJDE_A_2026999_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Araceli Ortega–Díaz
Author-X-Name-First: Araceli
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega–Díaz
Author-Name: Miguel Székely
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Székely
Author-Name: Ivonne Acevedo
Author-X-Name-First: Ivonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Acevedo
Title: Improvements in schooling attainment through conditional cash transfers in Mexico
Abstract: 
 There is evidence that the conditional cash transfer programmeme PROGRESA/ /OPORTUNIDADES/PROSPERA, implemented in Mexico increased school enrolment, nutrition, and health outcomes among its participants, but little is known about its effects on school performance. This paper assesses this less commonly explored aspect through an innovative data base that engages the results from the national standardised academic performance test ENLACE, with the programmeme´s administrative records. Under different estimation techniques, we find a positive association between beneficiary´s time of exposure and their continuation in the schooling system until the end of Upper Secondary Education. There are some positive associations in learning outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 228-245
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2026999
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2026999
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# input file: RJDE_A_2026998_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Luz Magdalena Salas
Author-X-Name-First: Luz Magdalena
Author-X-Name-Last: Salas
Title: Savings and self-control: the effect of labelling
Abstract: 
 I designed and implemented a Randomized Controlled Trial to study the effects of publicly and privately labelling village savings and loan associations’ savings accounts on savings behaviour for low-income individuals in Colombia. I find that publicly labelling savings accounts increased savings by 18 and 25 percent inside and outside the commitment product, respectively, relative to the control group. They were also 43 percent more likely to reach their savings goal. In contrast, privately labelling savings accounts is not effective at increasing savings for an average saver, suggesting that labelling is only effective when savings purposes are observed by peers.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 209-227
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2026998
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2026998
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# input file: RJDE_A_2047763_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Yoko Kijima
Author-X-Name-First: Yoko
Author-X-Name-Last: Kijima
Title: Long-term and spillover effects of rice production training in Uganda
Abstract: 
 Using panel data from 2009, 2011, and 2015, this study estimates the impact of rice production training conducted in Uganda on the adoption of improved cultivation practices and productivities of not only training participants but also non-participants. Spillover effects to non-participants in training villages are indicated by increased total rice production by 0.4 tons and expanded cultivation area by 0.26 hectare. Although training increases adoption rates for better cultivation practice, namely, transplanting in rows among training participants, both in the short and long term, there were no measurable improvements in non-participants’ rice cultivation knowledge or in rice productivity.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 395-415
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2047763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2047763
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# input file: RJDE_A_2070236_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ana Balsa
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Balsa
Author-Name: Alejandro Cid
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Cid
Author-Name: Ana Laura Zardo
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Zardo
Title: Providing academic opportunities to vulnerable adolescents: a randomised evaluation of privately managed tuition-free middle schools in Uruguay
Abstract: 
 We conducted a randomised evaluation of three privately managed middle schools in Uruguay aimed at providing education opportunities to adolescents from low income socioeconomic status. At 3-year follow-up, treatment students fare better in terms of academic promotion and school retention. Students in treatment schools present also better mental health, as represented by lower rates of internalising behaviours and social problems than students in the control group. Our findings suggest that a culture of high expectations, a caring and disciplined school climate, and parental involvement in school could account for some of the observed differences in academic trajectories and mental health.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 340-379
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2070236
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2070236
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# input file: RJDE_A_2067890_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Fei Qin
Author-X-Name-First: Fei
Author-X-Name-Last: Qin
Author-Name: Huanmin Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Huanmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Author-Name: Prashant Loyalka
Author-X-Name-First: Prashant
Author-X-Name-Last: Loyalka
Author-Name: Sarah-Eve Dill
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah-Eve
Author-X-Name-Last: Dill
Author-Name: Scott Rozelle
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle
Title: Stuck in the middle school rut: can anything improve academic achievement in rural Chinese middle schools?
Abstract: 
 Academic achievement in middle schools in rural China remains poor for many students. This study examines whether programmes and interventions can improve academic achievement by reviewing rigorous experimental evaluations of nine programmes (11 interventions) on 47,480 rural middle school students in China. The results find none of the interventions improved academic achievement. Moreover, we find no evidence for heterogeneous treatment effects by student gender, age or previous academic achievement. These results may be due in part to the academically-demanding nature of the middle school curriculum, which is applied universally to students with varying levels of cognitive ability.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 306-339
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2067890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2067890
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# input file: RJDE_A_2089199_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Patima Chongcharoentanawat
Author-X-Name-First: Patima
Author-X-Name-Last: Chongcharoentanawat
Author-Name: Franziska Gassmann
Author-X-Name-First: Franziska
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassmann
Author-Name: Pierre Mohnen
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen
Title: Thailand’s vocational training and upward mobility: impact heterogeneities and policy implications
Abstract: 
 Using quasi-experimental treatment effect methods with unique longitudinal survey data, the paper assesses the impact of vocational training on economic mobility in the short, medium and long term in Thailand. We find that vocational training does not affect upward mobility in terms of income, expenditure and employment. The analysis of the heterogeneity of effects suggests that women, rural residents, youth and elderly, low-educated workers, and economically inactive people benefit less from the vocational training. Computer training courses, training offered by private institutions or in public-private partnerships, and training financed by employers are associated with better outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 380-394
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2089199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2089199
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# input file: RJDE_A_2029540_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Harsha Aturupane
Author-X-Name-First: Harsha
Author-X-Name-Last: Aturupane
Author-Name: Paul Glewwe
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Glewwe
Author-Name: Tomoko Utsumi
Author-X-Name-First: Tomoko
Author-X-Name-Last: Utsumi
Author-Name: Suzanne Wisniewski
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisniewski
Author-Name: Mari Shojo
Author-X-Name-First: Mari
Author-X-Name-Last: Shojo
Title: The impact of Sri lanka’s school-based management programme on teachers’ pedagogical practices and student learning: evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Abstract: 
  This paper investigates the effectiveness of a school-based management policy in Sri Lanka, the Programme for School Improvement (PSI). The PSI
established new management structures and provided training and support
services to: (a) devolve decisions for a range of activities to the school level; (b)
increase participation of parents and the local community; and (c) focus
schools’ efforts on student learning. A randomized controlled trial show some evidence
of behaviour changes in both principals and teachers in PSI schools, but most observed
behaviours did not change. There are no statistically significant effects on
student learning as measured by test scores.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 285-305
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2029540
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2029540
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# input file: RJDE_A_2047765_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Patrick Illien
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Illien
Author-Name: Eliud Birachi
Author-X-Name-First: Eliud
Author-X-Name-Last: Birachi
Author-Name: Maliphone Douangphachanh
Author-X-Name-First: Maliphone
Author-X-Name-Last: Douangphachanh
Author-Name: Saithong Phommavong
Author-X-Name-First: Saithong
Author-X-Name-Last: Phommavong
Author-Name: Christoph Bader
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph
Author-X-Name-Last: Bader
Author-Name: Sabin Bieri
Author-X-Name-First: Sabin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bieri
Title: Measuring non-monetary poverty in the coffee heartlands of Laos and Rwanda: comparing MPI and EDI frameworks
Abstract: 
 Poverty reduction is a key objective of development interventions. Evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programmes thus requires practical, reliable and context-relevant measures of poverty. This article is the first to compare the new Extreme Deprivation Index (EDI) framework with the increasingly used global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) framework. Locally adapted versions of both non-monetary poverty measures were calculated for each household using an original survey in Rwanda’s main coffee-producing region (a high deprivation context) and another in Laos’s main coffee-producing region (a relatively low deprivation context). We examine the resulting poverty profiles and discuss implications for policy design and evaluation. We find that, despite limited overlap, in both contexts each index identifies households that are consistently worse off on multiple key markers of poverty and can therefore be considered valid measures. In addition, known key markers of poverty can predict adjusted global MPI status better than EDI status in Laos, whereas the EDI framework performs best in Rwanda. We conclude that the EDI framework provides a quick and reliable way to identify households with very low standards of living in high deprivation contexts. It is particularly useful for programmes with limited resources operating in comparatively poor rural settings.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 416-447
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2047765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2047765
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# input file: RJDE_A_2166565_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lopamudra Ray Saraswati
Author-X-Name-First: Lopamudra Ray
Author-X-Name-Last: Saraswati
Author-Name: Aparajita Dasgupta
Author-X-Name-First: Aparajita
Author-X-Name-Last: Dasgupta
Author-Name: Indrani Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Indrani
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Author-Name: Julie Pulerwitz
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Pulerwitz
Author-Name: Avina Sarna
Author-X-Name-First: Avina
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarna
Title: Infections averted by a comprehensive HIV prevention intervention and its cost-effectiveness: a prospective cohort study of persons who inject drugs in Delhi, India
Abstract: 
 This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a WHO-recommended harm-reduction programme implemented among a cohort of persons who inject drugs in Delhi, India. We estimate the number of infections averted using Bernoulli process model and calculate cost-effectiveness ratio as the total programme cost per infection averted. The intervention averted 996 HIV infections over 36 months, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of INR 24,763 (US$ 476) per infection averted per year. The first phase, when HIV testing and counselling were initiated, was more cost-effective than the second phase when full intervention package, including needle-syringe exchange, condom distribution, harm-reduction education, etc., was implemented.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 77-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2166565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2166565
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# input file: RJDE_A_2168728_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lubina Fatimah Qureshy
Author-X-Name-First: Lubina Fatimah
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshy
Author-Name: Harold Alderman
Author-X-Name-First: Harold
Author-X-Name-Last: Alderman
Author-Name: Navneet Manchanda
Author-X-Name-First: Navneet
Author-X-Name-Last: Manchanda
Title: Benefit-cost analysis of iron fortification of rice in India: modelling potential economic gains from improving haemoglobin and averting anaemia
Abstract: 
 This paper presents an ex-ante Benefit-Cost analysis of proposed fortification of extruder rice with iron under the social safety net in India. The benefits of iron fortification are estimated in terms of economic gains from increases in current work productivity among adults and future productivity from improvements in learning among school-going children. The base case scenario indicates a benefit cost ratio of 8.2, with 69 percent coming from improved learning in school and the remainder through enhanced work productivity. Benefit-cost ratios are also presented for a range of alternative assumptions, all of these resulting in ratios greater than 1. Nevertheless, despite decades of fortification at scale, a principal conclusion of this study is that future benefit cost models would gain confidence if more evidence is generated on the relationship of improved biomarkers for iron and changes in measures of cognition and labour productivity.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 91-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2168728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2168728
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# input file: RJDE_A_2034915_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Erin Byrne
Author-X-Name-First: Erin
Author-X-Name-Last: Byrne
Author-Name: Caitlin Tulloch
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tulloch
Author-Name: Naeem Sohail
Author-X-Name-First: Naeem
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohail
Author-Name: Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Diazgranados Ferráns
Title: Harnessing cost data to improve early grade reading: cost evidence from a large-scale literacy initiative in Pakistan
Abstract: 
 Understanding the resources needed to deliver literacy programmes at scale is critical for improving global education. We estimate the cost of early grade literacy interventions delivered at scale in government schools in Pakistan, including several teacher professional development interventions and a suite of reading materials including tablets, workbooks, readers, and libraries. The entire package cost approximately $1,531 (2019 USD) per school. Over two years of programme delivery, the primary cost driver of this literacy programme was the management, operations, and coordination costs that enabled each component; these amounted to $765 per school, or half of the total cost. Quarterly school support visits (that is, coaching) for teachers were roughly twice the cost of face-to-face trainings and were only slightly higher cost than monthly teacher inquiry groups (that is, learning circles). Using these cost estimates, we present a framework for maximising cost-effectiveness of early grade literacy programmes by using the cost of each component to set thresholds of the relative impact on student literacy that each component should deliver to be worth the cost. These incremental cost estimates of specific interventions were utilised by the government to budget for and take up components of this literacy programme.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 43-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2034915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2034915
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# input file: RJDE_A_2034916_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Douglas Glandon
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Glandon
Author-Name: Sam Fishman
Author-X-Name-First: Sam
Author-X-Name-Last: Fishman
Author-Name: Caitlin Tulloch
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tulloch
Author-Name: Radhika Bhula
Author-X-Name-First: Radhika
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhula
Author-Name: Grace Morgan
Author-X-Name-First: Grace
Author-X-Name-Last: Morgan
Author-Name: Shahana Hirji
Author-X-Name-First: Shahana
Author-X-Name-Last: Hirji
Author-Name: Liz Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Liz
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Title: The State of Cost-Effectiveness Guidance: Ten Best Resources for CEA in Impact Evaluations
Abstract: 
 Despite policymaker demand, cost evidence is infrequently included in impact evaluations (IEs) in LMICs. This article provides a curated list of resources for researchers and practitioners who would like to incorporate cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) into an IE. We identified 1402 resources through systematic searching of peer-reviewed and grey literature, crowd-sourcing and depersonalised Google keyword searches. Resources were screened over two rounds based on their relevance to guide or inform researchers seeking to incorporate CEA into an IE. The ‘10 best’ were selected based on their usefulness; user-friendliness ; generalisability across contexts; free availability online; and to balance resources across multiple stages of CEA implementation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 5-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2034916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2034916
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# input file: RJDE_A_2024589_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Shahana Hirji
Author-X-Name-First: Shahana
Author-X-Name-Last: Hirji
Author-Name: Bethany Park
Author-X-Name-First: Bethany
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Edward Tsinigo
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsinigo
Author-Name: Sabrin Beg
Author-X-Name-First: Sabrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Beg
Author-Name: Anne Fitzpatrick
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Fitzpatrick
Author-Name: Adrienne Lucas
Author-X-Name-First: Adrienne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas
Title: Facilitating real-time cost collection and evaluating cost-effectiveness in a multi-armed study with government partners in Ghana
Abstract: 
 Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) provides partners with information for allocating limited budget resources. Challenges in conducting CEAs include collecting data across multiple sources, introducing cost ssumptions, and delivering the results to partners. This paper introduces strategies to address these challenges using the example of the Strengthening Accountability to Reach All Students (STARS) project, a government-implemented differentiated instruction project in Ghana. To implement the programme for one school year, including opportunity costs related to training, the differentiated instruction plus basic management arm cost $48 per child, while the differentiated instruction plus basic and enhanced management training arm cost $84 per child.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 31-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2021.2024589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2021.2024589
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# input file: RJDE_A_2158903_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lani Trenouth
Author-X-Name-First: Lani
Author-X-Name-Last: Trenouth
Author-Name: Victoria L. Sibson
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sibson
Author-Name: Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grijalva-Eternod
Author-Name: Kate Golden
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Golden
Author-Name: Chloe Puett
Author-X-Name-First: Chloe
Author-X-Name-Last: Puett
Title: Cost and cost-efficiency of unconditional cash transfers in Tahoua, Niger
Abstract: 
 We compared the costs and cost-efficiency of two unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs in southern Niger – a ‘standard’ four-month program implemented during the June-September lean season and a six-month ‘modified’ UCT implemented April-September – each providing the same total cash transfer. The standard UCT was more cost-efficient based on all metrics. However, costs to beneficiaries were unevenly distributed due to program design decisions about cash delivery mechanisms, which eroded the net transfer value for some beneficiaries more than others. Beyond this finding, we contribute to the advancement of costing studies through the descriptive detail and transparent reporting of our analysis.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 111-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2158903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2158903
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# input file: RJDE_A_2162562_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Silvio Daidone
Author-X-Name-First: Silvio
Author-X-Name-Last: Daidone
Author-Name: Justin Kagin
Author-X-Name-First: Justin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagin
Author-Name: Noemi Pace
Author-X-Name-First: Noemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pace
Author-Name: Ervin Prifti
Author-X-Name-First: Ervin
Author-X-Name-Last: Prifti
Author-Name: J.Edward Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: J.Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Title: Evaluating spillovers and cost-effectiveness of complementary agricultural and social protection interventions: evidence from Lesotho
Abstract: 
 We present findings from a study of the local-economy impacts of Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme and of a multi-faceted rural development intervention. We designed a micro-data parameterised general equilibrium model and used it to simulate the direct and indirect impacts of the two interventions, considering income and production spillovers. The Child Grants Programme, alone and in combination with the rural development programme, generates total discounted benefits that exceed discounted programme costs. Local-economy spillovers amplify the benefit-cost ratio of both cash transfers and productive interventions. By better integrating with outside markets, it is possible to attain substantial cost-effective income gains for local economies.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 124-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2162562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2162562
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# input file: RJDE_A_2137733_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Arnab Acharya
Author-X-Name-First: Arnab
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya
Author-Name: Douglas Glandon
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Glandon
Author-Name: Jane Hammaker
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Hammaker
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Title: Cost-effectiveness analysis and joint public production of outputs for development: a preliminary framework
Abstract: 
 The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals are highly interdependent. Lasting progress towards these goals requires collaboration among actors operating in diverse sectors and thematic domains. Yet, multi-sectoral collaboration is complicated by a variety of factors that tend to incentivise siloed action organised around individual interventions and budgets. This paper presents an analytical framework based on the concept of “economies of scope” for assessing and enhancing the efficiency of development projects for which there is a joint production process. We focus on the use of fair cost sharing methods such as the Shapley Value to dis-incentivise actors operating in inefficient siloes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 17-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2137733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2137733
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# input file: RJDE_A_2159107_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Reviewer Summary for Journal of Development Effectiveness
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 145-146
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2159107
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2159107
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# input file: RJDE_A_2171062_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marie Gaarder
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaarder
Author-Name: Johannes F. Linn
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Linn
Title: Upping the game: adding costs to impacts an introduction to the special issue on costing in the field of development effectiveness
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-4
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2171062
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2171062
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# input file: RJDE_A_2089200_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Vincent Canwat
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Canwat
Author-Name: Stephen Onakuse
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Onakuse
Title: Table banking plus certified organic agriculture: an integrated microfinance approach to sustainable livelihoods
Abstract: 
 The understanding of integrated microfinance effects has been limited by variability in the sector and microfinance studied. While sectors ranged from health to agriculture and microfinance varied from special-licensed banks to non-governmental organizations; table banking plus organic agriculture received no research attention. This study analyzed the effects of table banking plus certified organic agriculture on sustainable livelihoods. Using propensity score matching, the study found that table banking plus certified organic agriculture increases social and financial capital, but reduces incomes and food consumption. Therefore, table banking plus certified organic agriculture increases livelihood capitals, but reduces livelihood outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 165-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2089200
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2089200
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# input file: RJDE_A_2089201_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Eunsoo Timothy Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Eunsoo Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Yunji Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Yunji
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Levicatus Mugenyi
Author-X-Name-First: Levicatus
Author-X-Name-Last: Mugenyi
Author-Name: Margaret Lillie
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret
Author-X-Name-Last: Lillie
Author-Name: John Kato Bbosa
Author-X-Name-First: John Kato
Author-X-Name-Last: Bbosa
Author-Name: Collins Agaba
Author-X-Name-First: Collins
Author-X-Name-Last: Agaba
Author-Name: Andrew Mijumbi Ojok
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Mijumbi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojok
Author-Name: John Hembling
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Hembling
Author-Name: Godfrey Kalemera Ruhangawebare
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey Kalemera
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhangawebare
Author-Name: Carrie Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Carrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Thomas K. Shaw
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw
Author-Name: Benjamin S. Allen
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen
Author-Name: Joseph R. Egger
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Egger
Author-Name: John A. Gallis
Author-X-Name-First: John A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallis
Author-Name: Joy Noel Baumgartner
Author-X-Name-First: Joy Noel
Author-X-Name-Last: Baumgartner
Title: Impact of the Child-optimized Financial Education (COFE) curriculum among savings group participants in Uganda: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Abstract: 
 This article reports on a post-test only cluster randomized controlled trial that assessed the impact of exposure to the Child-Optimized Financial Education (COFE) curriculum, delivered within Savings and Lending Communities (SILC) in Uganda, on caregivers’ spending on school and healthcare expenses for children, and caregivers’ financial self-efficacy. Participation in SILCs with COFE was significantly associated with caregivers paying for children’s required school expenses compared to SILCs who were not exposed to COFE. Other outcomes were not significantly influenced by COFE. Child-centered household-level financial planning and saving may support the educational needs of Ugandan children and potentially Uganda’s national-level education targets.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 183-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2089201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2089201
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# input file: RJDE_A_2063363_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ernestine Mefor
Author-X-Name-First: Ernestine
Author-X-Name-Last: Mefor
Author-Name: Barbara Schröter
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Schröter
Author-Name: Frieder Graef
Author-X-Name-First: Frieder
Author-X-Name-Last: Graef
Author-Name: Estephania Delgadillo
Author-X-Name-First: Estephania
Author-X-Name-Last: Delgadillo
Title: A social network analysis to determine success factors of food security innovations in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 To improve resistance to upcoming vulnerabilities to climate change and cope with rising food demand smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa need to upgrade their local food systems. Upgrading strategies (UPS) within existing food value chains have the potential to secure food at the local to regional level. In this paper, we determined the roles of actors and their interlinkages and motivations in UPS, and identified possible success factors of group performance within different UPS in Tanzania: a) tied ridges, b) optimised market-oriented grain storage, c) maize sheller and d) millet thresher. We used individual interviews, via the social network analysis tool Net-Map, as well as focus group discussions. The results show that actors’ motivations for participating in a UPS group differed between groups and between actors. Important success factors derived from these findings were favorable village locations followed by sociability and personal contact among stakeholders and with researchers. These results provide the basis for future strategic planning that will enhance participation and a potential up-scaling.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 240-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2063363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2063363
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# input file: RJDE_A_2102057_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jennifer Sturdy
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Sturdy
Title: Book review for Ethics for Evaluation: Beyond ‘Doing No Harm’ to ‘Tackling Bad’ and ‘Doing Good’
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 264-268
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2102057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2102057
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# input file: RJDE_A_2205230_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Emmanuel Jimenez
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Jimenez
Title: Editor’s note
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 147-147
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2205230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2205230
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# input file: RJDE_A_2090997_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tewodros Makonnen Gebrewolde
Author-X-Name-First: Tewodros Makonnen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gebrewolde
Author-Name: James Rockey
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Rockey
Title: The effectiveness of industrial policy in developing countries: causal evidence from Ethiopian manufacturing firms
Abstract: 
 Prioritising the growth of particular sectors or regions is often part of a low-income country’s growth strategy. We study a prototypical example of such policies in Ethiopia, exploiting geographic and sectoral variation in the form and scale of the policy for identification. Using product-level data on Ethiopian manufacturing firms, we show that the policy was unsuccessful: in the best case scenario its benefits were around one-tenth of its cost. Subsidised loans did not improve productivity, leading only to an increase in fungible assets not machinery. Tax-breaks improved productivity but reduced firms’ capital levels. Further results suggest that these were both the consequence of volatility and the lack of effective bankruptcy protection. There are two key policy implications of our findings. Firstly, we highlight that ineffective industrial policies can be extremely expensive and thus may impede rather than promote countries’ pursuit of their development objectives, given that ‘blunt’ industrial policies like the one we study are common. Second, our results suggest that policies that rely on improving access to capital will be more successful in a stable economic environment with effective bankruptcy protection and that access to capital is not necessarily the key constraint to improving productivity in many of the firms we study.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 196-222
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2090997
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2090997
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# input file: RJDE_A_2078859_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jacob Novignon
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Novignon
Title: Improving microcredit and firm performance in Jamaica: a case study of the development bank of Jamaica
Abstract: 
 While micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have been identified as major economic drivers, they continue to face substantial financial constraints that limit their performance. The Impact Financing Envelope (IFE) of the European Investment Bank (EIB) seeks to improve credit access across developing countries through institutions such as the Development Bank of Jamaica (DBJ). This study sought to examine the ultimate impact of EIB funding through the DBJ on final beneficiaries (MSMEs) in Jamaica. Data was collected from 426 sampled final beneficiaries of the DBJ programme. To estimate the impact of credit received from microfinance institutions on the performance (sales/profits) of MSMEs, we used the instrumental variable (IV) technique, recognising potential endogeneity problems in our variable of interest (credit amount received). We also disaggregate our findings by loan recency, sex, and age of owners. The results generally indicate that the amount of credit obtained is positively associated with the performance of MSMEs. A 1% increase in the credit amount received is associated with a 0.226% increase in firm profits. The effect is lower for female-owned than for male-owned businesses and is significant only for MSMEs whose most recent credit was received within a year of the survey.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 223-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2078859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2078859
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# input file: RJDE_A_2102056_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Richard Manning
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning
Author-Name: Ian Goldman
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldman
Author-Name: Gonzalo Hernández Licona
Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández Licona
Title: Impact evaluation and synthesis – how far are they being used in low- and middle-income countries?
Abstract: 
 We examine how Impact Evaluation (IE) and associated syntheses contribute to evidence generation in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries. We interviewed over 50 individuals from relevant organisations and five LMIC countries and drew on data from reports and repositories. The number of development-oriented IEs has shown sustained growth, but tracking of use is too often weak. We conclude that there has been progress , including more flexible products, but that impact could be improved. IEs are an important part of a wider evidence ecosystem, and their evidence needs to be better used (and tracked). Good practice should be promoted more systematically.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 148-164
Issue: 2
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2102056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2102056
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# input file: RJDE_A_2154822_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop
Author-Name: Andrea Coombes
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Coombes
Author-Name: Chinmaya Holla
Author-X-Name-First: Chinmaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Holla
Title: Employer attitudes towards hiring university-educated refugees: evidence from Rwanda
Abstract: 
 
This paper examines the labour market conditions of refugees in Rwanda using a process evaluation and a survey with 244 employers. The process evaluation covers a tertiary education program, which offers a path to bachelor’s degree from a US University using a blended approach to instruction. Students highlighted the importance of the internship and employment components of this programme. Survey vignettes indicated that employers reported a 6% lower likelihood of hiring relatively well-educated refugees than to hire Rwandans with otherwise identical characteristics. This finding was driven by the 50% of the employers who found it more complex to hire refugees.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 342-352
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2154822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2154822
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# input file: RJDE_A_2229294_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Andrew Brudevold-Newman
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Brudevold-Newman
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop
Author-Name: Chinmaya Holla
Author-X-Name-First: Chinmaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Holla
Author-Name: Darius Isaboke
Author-X-Name-First: Darius
Author-X-Name-Last: Isaboke
Author-Name: Timothy Kinoti
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinoti
Author-Name: Hannah Ring
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ring
Author-Name: Victoria Rothbard
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Rothbard
Title: The effects of booster classes in protracted crisis settings: Evidence from Kenyan refugee camps
Abstract: 
 Students in protracted crisis settings often face a range of challenges which combine to yield low education outcomes. This paper presents the results from a randomised controlled trial of weekend and holiday booster classes for 7th and 8th grade girls in Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya, that aimed to improve girls’ education outcomes and increase transition rates from primary to secondary school. While qualitative results suggested numerous advantages of the booster classes, including more freedom to ask questions, smaller class sizes, and kinder teachers, the program did not yield statistically significant effects on learning outcomes, school attendance or noncognitive skills. Mixed-methods research suggests that the limited impacts may stem from implementation challenges including irregular booster class attendance and a lack of appropriate teaching materials. More broadly, the results show the importance of accounting for implementation challenges in the reporting of impact evaluation results.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 287-301
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2229294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2229294
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# input file: RJDE_A_2067889_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Andrea Coombes
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Coombes
Author-Name: Oriana Ponta
Author-X-Name-First: Oriana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ponta
Title: Building community engagement and teacher support in education: qualitative findings from process evaluations in two exceptional settings
Abstract: 
 This paper presents findings from a qualitative evaluation of Caritas’ Essence of Learning programme, which provides educational and psychosocial support to children in exceptional living situations. We analyse approaches to community and teacher engagement for: (1) a pilot programme in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh and (2) an established, government-partnered programme serving Roma children in Satu Mare, Romania. The results indicate that ongoing community engagement is a necessary condition. Moreover, local ownership and continuous staff mentorship are key to programme quality. The paper discusses practical approaches to community engagement and how findings can be applied to emergency education.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 302-319
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2067889
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2067889
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# input file: RJDE_A_1829000_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Felicity L Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Felicity L
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Author-Name: Alawia I Farag
Author-X-Name-First: Alawia I
Author-X-Name-Last: Farag
Author-Name: Faiza Hussein Abd Alla
Author-X-Name-First: Faiza
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussein Abd Alla
Author-Name: Kate Radford
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Radford
Author-Name: Laura Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Koen Neijenhuijs
Author-X-Name-First: Koen
Author-X-Name-Last: Neijenhuijs
Author-Name: Hester Stubbé
Author-X-Name-First: Hester
Author-X-Name-Last: Stubbé
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop
Author-Name: Ahmed Abdullatif Abbadi
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullatif Abbadi
Author-Name: Jasmine S. Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Andrea Jetten
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Jetten
Author-Name: Mark J.D. Jordans
Author-X-Name-First: Mark J.D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordans
Title: Can’t Wait to Learn: A quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation of a digital game-based learning programme for out-of-school children in Sudan
Abstract: 
 Innovations are needed to address the global issue of access to high-quality education, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper shows quasi-experimental evidence that a digital game-based learning programme (‘Can’t Wait to Learn’) led to significantly greater improvements in mathematics competency, Arabic literacy competency, and psychological wellbeing of children aged 7–9 in Sudan, compared to state-provided education for out-of-school children, 6 months after the start of the programme implementation (n = 221). These findings were corroborated and extended by qualitative data from 33 focus group discussions and key informant interviews with children, learning directors, caregivers, community leaders, and supervisory staff. We found no difference between groups on child-reported hope, and we found evidence for a significant negative intervention effect on child-reported self-esteem, though the psychometric properties of these instruments were not adequate. We report several considerations related to the experience of local facilitators, programme implementation challenges, and the importance of community acceptance and engagement for fidelity of implementation.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 320-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2020.1829000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2020.1829000
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# input file: RJDE_A_2124533_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thomas de Hoop
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: de Hoop
Author-Name: Andrea Coombes
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Coombes
Author-Name: Hannah Ring
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ring
Author-Name: Kelsey Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: Kelsey
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Author-Name: Victoria Rothbard
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Rothbard
Author-Name: Chinmaya Holla
Author-X-Name-First: Chinmaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Holla
Title: Scaling education innovations in complex emergencies: a meta-evaluation of five process and three impact evaluations
Abstract: 
 The papers in this special issue describe evaluations of the scaling journey of five different education programmes operating in humanitarian crises. This introduction first presents the research context for these evaluations followed by a synthesis of the overarching barriers and facilitators to scaling across three domains: (1) context, (2) business model, and (3) advocacy and ownership based on a qualitative synthesis. The synthesis showed that implementers often started multiple pilot projects in different contexts rather than scaling-up in one context. We also present a summary of impacts on learning outcomes from impact evaluations of three of the five education programmes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 269-286
Issue: 3
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2124533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2124533
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# input file: RJDE_A_2130961_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Martin Paul Jr Tabe-Ojong
Author-X-Name-First: Martin Paul Jr
Author-X-Name-Last: Tabe-Ojong
Title: Do producer organisations promote environmental sustainability through organic soil investments? Evidence from Cameroon
Abstract: 
 This study examines the relationship between cooperative membership and investments in organic soil amendments in Cameroon. We use switching regressions to reduce selection bias and estimate differential equations for both cooperative members and non-members. Cooperative membership exhibits a positive and significant relationship with the use of organic soil amendments such as farmyard manure and compost. Building on this, we further examine actual-counterfactual relationships where we find cooperative membership to be beneficial to both members and non-members should they be members. We also highlight significant heterogeneities and differential associations in the drivers and constraints of organic soil investments.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 453-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2130961
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2130961
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# input file: RJDE_A_2099952_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Karl Hughes
Author-X-Name-First: Karl
Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes
Author-Name: Judith Beatrice Auma Oduol
Author-X-Name-First: Judith Beatrice Auma
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduol
Author-Name: Hilda Kegode
Author-X-Name-First: Hilda
Author-X-Name-Last: Kegode
Author-Name: Joan Kimaiyo
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimaiyo
Author-Name: Kai Mausch
Author-X-Name-First: Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Mausch
Title: Experimental evidence from a fodder shrub promotional effort among dairy farmers in Uganda
Abstract: 
 Previous research has demonstrated the potential of fodder tree technology (FTT) in bolstering milk yields and quality among small-scale dairy producers. Yet, FTT adoption at recommended levels is low. To suport producers overcome the adoption hurdle,, we conducted a randomised field experiment in Eastern Uganda to compare an innovative add-on intervention designed to address several behavioural-related FTT adoption barriers against a base training and seedling access intervention and a control. We observe a 19% greater increase in new FTT uptake among producers in our two intervention groups. However, we find that our add-on intervention failed to induce a differential effect.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 373-388
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2099952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2099952
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# input file: RJDE_A_2103169_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sharvari Patwardhan
Author-X-Name-First: Sharvari
Author-X-Name-Last: Patwardhan
Author-Name: Luca Tasciotti
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Tasciotti
Title: The effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act on the size of outstanding debts in rural India
Abstract: 
  MGNREGA was introduced in India in 2005 with the aim to improve the livelihood of rural Indian households. In 2012-13, around 156 million rural Indian households had an outstanding personal debt; 85% of the amount of credit being disbursed was given to those households in the bottom income decile for ‘non-business’ related purposes. This paper uses nationally representative household data from the NSS EUS collected in 2004-05 and 2009-10 to look at the impact MGNREGA has had on the rural households’ ability to repay outstanding debt. Results suggests that MGNREGA reduced the size of the outstanding debts for vulnerable households.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 353-372
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2103169
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2103169
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# input file: RJDE_A_2111588_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ummul Ruthbah
Author-X-Name-First: Ummul
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruthbah
Title: Are children substitutes for assets? Evidence from Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 In many developing countries, children are viewed as a source of old-age insurance. They help parents to smooth consumption by sending remittances when the parents are old and have relatively low income. The paper presents a model where asset accumulation and children are substitutes. Using a family planning programme as an instrument for fertility it shows that households exposed to the programme have (0.86) lower fertility and $994 worth of more assets than those who were not exposed to the programme.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 389-405
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2111588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2111588
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# input file: RJDE_A_2137732_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sethunya Matenge
Author-X-Name-First: Sethunya
Author-X-Name-Last: Matenge
Author-Name: I Nyoman Sutarsa
Author-X-Name-First: I Nyoman
Author-X-Name-Last: Sutarsa
Author-Name: Emily Lancsar
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Lancsar
Title: Effectiveness of donor supported leadership development interventions intended to promote women’s leadership in health in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Abstract: 
 Women remain underrepresented in health leadership. Promoting women’s leadership in development has resulted in the proliferation of donor-supported leadership development initiatives to address barriers to women’s participation. There is limited evidence synthesis regarding their effectiveness. This scoping review aimed to summarise evidence regarding the efficacy of donor strategies in this field. Seven of 3365 studies were identified. Findings were overwhelmingly positive however there was an overreliance on anecdotal evidence, and short evaluation periods. Overall, evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of such initiatives. More robust evaluation designs are needed to determine best practices to overcome gender inequality in leadership.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 476-488
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2137732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2137732
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# input file: RJDE_A_2119268_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Chitra Jogani
Author-X-Name-First: Chitra
Author-X-Name-Last: Jogani
Title: Does more schooling infrastructure affect literacy?
Abstract: 
 This paper examines how the expansion in schooling infrastructure of girls as part of India’s Education for All program has increased female literacy and reduced gender gaps. To identify causal effects, I exploit the variation according to the targeting scheme of the programme which involved classifying subdistricts as either educationally backward or not. Using a regression discontinuity method, I find significant expansion in the number of girls’ schools and residential schools for girls, but no significant positive effect on either female literacy or the gender literacy gap. Cost-effective methods other than an untargeted, large-scale infrastructure programme should be explored.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 438-452
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2119268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2119268
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# input file: RJDE_A_2116077_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Amreen Choda
Author-X-Name-First: Amreen
Author-X-Name-Last: Choda
Author-Name: Annekathrin Schoofs
Author-X-Name-First: Annekathrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoofs
Author-Name: Noel Verrinder
Author-X-Name-First: Noel
Author-X-Name-Last: Verrinder
Title: Improving housing conditions: labelled loans in Kenya and Uganda
Abstract: 
 We evaluate a non-governmental housing microfinance intervention that attempts to improve housing conditions for low-income populations by simultaneously offering them a labelled loan and non-financial technical support. Using household survey data from Kenya and Uganda, we first show evidence for the successful targeting of our labelled loans because 95% of clients used the loan for the intended housing improvement. Second, our results suggest that access to small, short-term loans enables households to invest in housing upgrades that can significantly improve both the characteristics of their dwelling and their satisfaction with their dwelling.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 406-437
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2116077
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2116077
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# input file: RJDE_A_2173272_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Akhtaruzzaman Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Akhtaruzzaman
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Khan Jahirul Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Khan Jahirul
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Author-Name: A.B.M. Mahfuzul Haque
Author-X-Name-First: A.B.M. Mahfuzul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haque
Title: Community-based natural resource management: an effective tool to reduce poverty and inequality?
Abstract: 
 With exclusive property rights, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) may provide economies of scale and scope in a joint production system. This paper examines the impact of CBNRM on poverty and inequality, using household-level panel data from Bangladesh. Results from the propensity score matching method and the random effect models reveal that project participants' employment increased by 60 person-days, and their fish income increased by 37.4%. We find a positive significant effect of the project in reducing both the incidence and depth of poverty and income inequality. The findings suggest CBNRM is an effective tool to achieve sustainable development goals.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 61-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2173272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2173272
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# input file: RJDE_A_2153379_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jorge H. Maldonado
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maldonado
Author-Name: John Gomez-Mahecha
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Gomez-Mahecha
Author-Name: Viviana León-Jurado
Author-X-Name-First: Viviana
Author-X-Name-Last: León-Jurado
Author-Name: Laura Villa
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Villa
Author-Name: Daniel A. Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez
Title: Implementation of graduation programs for alleviating rural poverty: an impact analysis in Paraguay
Abstract: 
 
Rural poverty in Paraguay led to the implementation of the ‘Sembrando Oportunidades Familia por Familia’ program (SOF), an initiative based on the graduation approach and one of the few government-run implementations of this kind of program. We evaluate the intervention outcomes in poverty. There are positive changes in the participants’ income, productive capacity, savings behavior, and perception of well-being, but discrete consumption effects. These might suggest the need to complement the intervention in rural communities with other targeted interventions. The paper informs the scaling of graduation programs, so they help overcome extreme poverty in this and other developing countries.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 77-100
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2153379
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2153379
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# input file: RJDE_A_2181848_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Juan D. Bonilla
Author-X-Name-First: Juan D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonilla
Author-Name: Andrea Coombes
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Coombes
Author-Name: Dannie Romney
Author-X-Name-First: Dannie
Author-X-Name-Last: Romney
Author-Name: Paul C. Winters
Author-X-Name-First: Paul C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Winters
Title: Changing the logic in agricultural extension: evidence from a demand-driven extension programme in Kenya
Abstract: 
 Developing countries have recognised the need to strengthen their agricultural extension services as an engine for improving productivity, reaching marginalised, poor and female farmers and addressing new challenges, such as environmental degradation and climate change. However, structuring effective and viable extension systems remains a major challenge in most places. This paper studies the Plantwise extension programme in Kenya, an initiative that supports and increases collaboration among actors in the national plant health system, establishes and maintains a network of plant clinics – a physical interface between farmers and crop protection experts – to address the needs of smallholders, and collects key information in the process that can be used for informing policy and for monitoring and evaluation purposes. To assess the programme in Kenya, we conducted a longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation of the programme from 2014 to 2018. Our results show that Plantwise has altered the way the Government of Kenya addresses crop protection. The programme is innovative and improves knowledge at multiple levels. At the farm level, Plantwise has contributed to improvements in the use of agricultural practices, inputs and maize productivity, a major staple crop. The results show that the Plantwise approach is a reasonable alternative to other agricultural extension systems that support smallholder farmers.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 118-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2181848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2181848
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# input file: RJDE_A_2190602_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Rob Fuller
Author-X-Name-First: Rob
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller
Author-Name: Simone Lombardini
Author-X-Name-First: Simone
Author-X-Name-Last: Lombardini
Author-Name: Cecilia Poggi
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Poggi
Title: How accurate are retrospective survey data? Evidence from rural Ethiopia
Abstract: 
 Development actors are always seeking reliable and cost-effective methods to assess the impact of their programmes. In particular, there are frequently calls to evaluate programmes for which no pre-intervention (or ‘baseline’) data are available. In these cases, evaluators often rely on retrospective survey questions to reconstruct the baseline situation. This article explores the accuracy of such retrospective survey data, using data from two surveys carried out nearly six years apart among women in rural Ethiopia. We find that the proportion of survey items for which baseline data and retrospective data do not agree is 22%. Responses to the retrospective questions are more closely associated with respondents’ situation at the time of the survey than with their situation at the time they were being asked to recall. Consequently, 72% of respondents were allocated to different quintiles of household wealth, depending on whether the true baseline or the retrospective baseline data were used. We show that controlling for retrospective baseline data can considerably underestimate the impact of the intervention being evaluated. This suggests that there is a need for caution in interpreting the findings of evaluations based on such data and in drawing policy conclusions from them.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 142-158
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2190602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2190602
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# input file: RJDE_A_2158902_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Samuel Ahado
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahado
Author-Name: Jiri Hejkrlik
Author-X-Name-First: Jiri
Author-X-Name-Last: Hejkrlik
Author-Name: Tomas Ratinger
Author-X-Name-First: Tomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ratinger
Author-Name: Tamila Arnania Kepuladze
Author-X-Name-First: Tamila Arnania
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepuladze
Title: Supported cooperative groups and the economic performance of small farmers: evidence from Georgia
Abstract: 
 The reintroduction of cooperatives is part of the Georgian government’s new rural development policy, supported by several international donors’ interventions. This paper estimates the impact of small farmers’ participation in new collective actions. We employ farm-level data from 210 Georgian hazelnuts, grapes and honey farmers and use a treatment effects model that accounts for selection bias. We find a positive and significant impact of participation in new groups on farm revenue and net returns. The findings indicate that even though the cooperatives are still young, the government policies and donor interventions already bring some tangible economic benefits to small farmers.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 101-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2158902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2158902
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# input file: RJDE_A_2153380_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ada Sonnenfeld
Author-X-Name-First: Ada
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonnenfeld
Author-Name: Jennifer Stevenson
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevenson
Author-Name: Hugh Sharma Waddington
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh Sharma
Author-X-Name-Last: Waddington
Title: Does citizen engagement improve development outcomes? A realist-informed systematic review of participation and accountability mechanisms
Abstract: 
 Effective, accountable and transparent institutions, that engage in inclusive and participatory governance, are crucial for the sustainability of global development investments. However, there is a debate about whether effective approaches to improving governance processes operate from the bottom up (e.g. by enabling citizens to hold service providers accountable) or the top down (by enabling service providers to be held accountable by the State). This paper systematically reviews participation and accountability mechanisms in a range of sectors, drawing on principles of realist evaluation to develop and test middle-range theory using framework synthesis and statistical meta-analysis. We show that interventions promoting citizen engagement through participatory priority setting or accountability mechanisms are often effective in stimulating active citizen engagement in service delivery and realising improvements in access to services, where they facilitate direct engagement between service users and front-line service providers, such as in health care. However, citizen engagement interventions alone are not effective where services are accessed independently of service provider staff, for example road infrastructure. Interventions promoting participation by increasing citizens’ pressures on politicians to hold providers to account are also not usually able to influence service delivery.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 27-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2153380
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2153380
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# input file: RJDE_A_2143857_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ganesh Devkar
Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Devkar
Author-Name: Venkata Santosh Kumar Delhi
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata Santosh Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Delhi
Author-Name: Vinod Ramanarayanan
Author-X-Name-First: Vinod
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramanarayanan
Author-Name: Suchismita Goswami
Author-X-Name-First: Suchismita
Author-X-Name-Last: Goswami
Author-Name: Thillai Rajan A
Author-X-Name-First: Thillai Rajan
Author-X-Name-Last: A
Title: Improving access and quality of civic infrastructure and amenities: how effective are the different interventions? A synthesis of the findings from meta analysis studies
Abstract: 
 The rapid pace of urbanisation has resulted in challenges to the provision of civic infrastructure services. A number of systematic reviews have also been commissioned to understand the effectiveness of interventions carried out in different civic infrastructure sectors. This evidence summary synthesizes such reviews that have focused on the Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The water supply sector was prominent in these systematic reviews, followed by sanitation and electricity. Both access and quality outcomes have received equal attention of policy makers. In terms of interventions, physical infrastructure investment and urban planning interventions are seen to be the most widely studied areas.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2143857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2022.2143857
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# input file: RJDE_A_2199311_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Hui Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Yunshu Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Yunshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Zhixiang Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Zhixiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Huaqing Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Huaqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: The trade-off between economic development and pandemic control: strategy identification and effect analysis
Abstract: 
 The pandemic has substantially impacted global development. Countries worldwide have weighed economic development and pandemic control and gradually formed two entirely different governance strategies: the elimination strategy with the goal of zero new cases and the suppression strategy with the goal of ‘smoothing the pandemic curve’. Amid the popularity of vaccinations and mutation of the virus, how do countries implement changes in governance strategies? How effective is the response to the pandemic? This study constructed an indicator, based on economic and pandemic data from 34 countries, to identify each country’s strategy choice. The modified Slack-based Measure model and two-way fixed-effect model were used to assess pandemic governance efficiency and analyse the impact of the elimination strategy, respectively. The results show that most countries that adopted the elimination strategy earlier have changed to select the suppression strategy. Nevertheless, the elimination strategy has a significant positive effect on improving governance efficiency, especially under conditions of low vaccination, scarce medical resources, and export-oriented and non-democratic countries. However, this effect gradually weakens with viral mutation. The results also showed that the elimination strategy was more conducive to civil liberties in the earlier period. Therefore, in addition to popularising vaccinations, local conditions should be considered when selecting a strategy.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 187-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2199311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2199311
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# input file: RJDE_A_2217151_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Sajeda Amin
Author-X-Name-First: Sajeda
Author-X-Name-Last: Amin
Author-Name: Momoe Makino
Author-X-Name-First: Momoe
Author-X-Name-Last: Makino
Title: Adolescent girls’ agency and their labour force participation: experimental evidence from rural Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 In many South Asian countries, recent improvement in girls’ education has not been reflected in increased labour force participation. We hypothesise girls’ agency as a necessary condition to enhance their labour force participation. Data from an experimental setting is utilised to examine whether addressing gender-awareness skills is effective in encouraging girls’ paid-work participation in Bangladesh as compared with strengthening knowledge learned in school or livelihood skills obtained in vocational training. We found strong evidence that addressing gender awareness encourages girls’ paid-work participation while tutoring support or livelihood skills training does not. In the context of a strong patriarchal society, gender-awareness skill may be the key to enhancing girls’ labour force participation. The current study includes an important policy implication suggesting that enhancing education and providing technical skills training may not translate to enhanced productivity in the labour market in the absence of agency to utilise them.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 230-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217151
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217151
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# input file: RJDE_A_2195851_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Muhammed Nazmul Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammed Nazmul
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Author-Name: Atonu Rabbani
Author-X-Name-First: Atonu
Author-X-Name-Last: Rabbani
Author-Name: Animesh Talukder
Author-X-Name-First: Animesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Talukder
Author-Name: Rubaiya Riya Siddiqua
Author-X-Name-First: Rubaiya Riya
Author-X-Name-Last: Siddiqua
Author-Name: Sanjana Nujhat
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjana
Author-X-Name-Last: Nujhat
Author-Name: Mushfiqur Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Mushfiqur
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman
Author-Name: Antara Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Antara
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Author-Name: Malabika Sarker
Author-X-Name-First: Malabika
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarker
Title: Edutainment and the prevention of under-age marriages: The evaluation of a television series designed to promote positive role models in Bangladesh
Abstract: 
 Edutainment intervention is a popular and inexpensive behavioural change communication toolkit to raise positive social norms through broadcast media. We evaluated a 26-episode nationally broadcasted television series targeted to improve attitudes towards preventing child marriage in Bangladesh. We applied a randomised encouragement design to motivate our subjects to watch the series, addressing their self-selection issues concerning viewership. We randomly assigned a sample of 1,162 households into three arms: (T1) received weekly SMS reminders, (T2) received weekly SMSs and telephone calls, and (C) pure control. We followed up with 1,096 households, collected information on viewership and self-reported attitudes, and conducted a dictator game experiment to understand their revealed attitudes towards child marriage. We found considerable variations in viewership across the arms, suggesting associations with reminder intensity. Compared to the average control group viewership of about 0.15 episodes (SD = 0.82), T2 generated a difference of about 1.50–1.93 episodes (P < 0.01), depending on the respondent types. Following an instrumental variable approach, we found that exposure was not associated with both stated and revealed attitudes towards preventing child marriage. However, we found behavioural experiment was less prone to social desirability bias in assessing sensitive topics such as child marriage.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 159-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2195851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2195851
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# input file: RJDE_A_2217177_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Vincent Ngeno
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngeno
Title: Technical efficiency and technology gap in Kenya’s tea industry: accounting for farm heterogeneity
Abstract: 
 The study used a cross-county survey from Kenya to investigate smallholder tea farmers’ performance using a stochastic metafrontier framework. According to the results, farmers in all four regions are falling short of their potential with the mean technical efficiency ranging from 0.69, 0.77, 0.61, and 0.74, respectively, for the Nandi, Mau, Kisii, and Kericho regions. Comparing its performance with the technology available in the industry, each region faces a technology gap. Even though some variables were not statistically significant, a combination of socioeconomic and farm-specific factors were identified as sources of technical inefficiency among farmers. The farmers in all regions, however, possess the potential to overcome technological constraints and achieve higher levels of productivity. Kenya Tea Development Agency Ltd should, therefore, enhance its efforts to help the farmers improve their management and technical skills on how to use their resources more efficiently.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 264-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217177
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# input file: RJDE_A_2276928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Reajul Alam Chowdhury
Author-X-Name-First: Reajul Alam
Author-X-Name-Last: Chowdhury
Author-Name: Federico Ceballos-Sierra
Author-X-Name-First: Federico
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceballos-Sierra
Author-Name: Munshi Sulaiman
Author-X-Name-First: Munshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sulaiman
Title: Grow the pie, or have it? Using machine learning to impact heterogeneity in the Ultra-poor graduation model
Abstract: 
 The ‘Ultra-poor Graduation’ model, though highly effective in poverty alleviation, costs substantially more than alternative poverty alleviation approaches. One possible way of improving the cost-effectiveness of the model is to analyse the treatment effect heterogeneity and identify the participants who do not gain much from the programme and better customise the interventions to their needs. Applying recently developed machine learning methods on a large-scale RCT dataset from Bangladesh, we identify and characterise the program participants who benefit and who do not. We find significant variation in impact on assets where the top quintile gainers experience asset growth of 337% while asset growth is only 189% for the bottom quintile. Heterogeneity in impact on household expenditures is found to be present but of lower magnitude than that of assets. Importantly, the machine learning techniques we apply reveal contrasts in characteristics of beneficiaries who made the most in assets vs. consumption. The most benefitted households in per-capita wealth outcome were relatively older, were more dependent on wage income, had less involvement in self-employment activities, and had lower participation in household decision-making at baseline. In contrast, the top quintile gainers of household expenditure are younger, earn less from wages, depend more on self-employment income, and have higher participation in household decision-making. The results identify beneficiary characteristics that can be used in targeting households either to maximise impact on the desired dimension and/or to customise interventions for balancing the asset and consumption trade-off.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 282-301
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2276928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2276928
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# input file: RJDE_A_2213681_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Aymo Brunetti
Author-X-Name-First: Aymo
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunetti
Author-Name: Konstantin Büchel
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin
Author-X-Name-Last: Büchel
Author-Name: Martina Jakob
Author-X-Name-First: Martina
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakob
Author-Name: Ben Jann
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Jann
Author-Name: Daniel Steffen
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Steffen
Title: Inadequate teacher content knowledge and what could be done about it: evidence from El Salvador
Abstract: 
 Good teachers are the backbone of a successful education system. Yet, in developing countries, teachers’ content knowledge is often inadequate. This study documents that primary school maths teachers in the department of Morazán in El Salvador only master 47 percent of the curriculum they teach. In a randomised controlled trial with 175 teachers, we further evaluate a computer-assisted learning (CAL) approach to address this shortcoming. After a five months in-service training combining CAL-based self-studying with monthly workshops, participating teachers outperformed their peers from the control group by 0.29$\sigma $σ, but this effect depreciated by 72 percent within one year. Our simulations show that the program is unlikely to be as cost-effective as CAL interventions directly targeting students.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 206-229
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2213681
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2213681
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# input file: RJDE_A_2217164_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Lisa Bogler
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Bogler
Author-Name: Christian Bommer
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bommer
Author-Name: Cara Ebert
Author-X-Name-First: Cara
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebert
Author-Name: Abhijeet Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Abhijeet
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: SV Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: SV
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Author-Name: Malavika A. Subramanyam
Author-X-Name-First: Malavika A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanyam
Author-Name: Sebastian Vollmer
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmer
Title: Effects of a large-scale participatory learning and action programme in women’s groups on health, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Bihar, India
Abstract: 
 Evidence from small-scale randomised controlled trials suggests that interventions relying on community involvement through a participatory learning and action (PLA) approach can improve health outcomes in resource-poor settings. However, it is only poorly understood whether PLA-based interventions are effective after scale-up in a real-world setting. In a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Bihar, India, we assessed whether the PLA approach improved health, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene (HNWASH) outcomes in adults and children when implemented state-wide by a government-supported agency. In the intervention, trained female facilitators ran 20 structured participatory meetings about key HNWASH topics in state-supported women’s groups. Unlike the strong results of small-scale trials, in the scaled-up government implemented intervention we do not observe systematic improvements in HNWASH knowledge, attitudes, practices or health outcomes. We discuss aspects of programme implementation that could explain these null effects. Our findings call for caution when promising public health interventions are transformed into large policy programmes.
Journal: Journal of Development Effectiveness
Pages: 246-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217164
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217164
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