Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Khadija Haq Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Haq Author-Name: Richard Jolly Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly Title: Editors' Introduction Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 7-8 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008728 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:7-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Arias Snchez Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Arias Author-X-Name-Last: Snchez Title: The Legacy of Human Development: A tribute to Mahbub ul Haq Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 9-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008737 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:9-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amartya Sen Author-X-Name-First: Amartya Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: A Decade of Human Development Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 17-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008746 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:17-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Streeten Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten Title: Looking Ahead: Areas of future research in human development Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 25-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008755 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:25-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Strategies for Success in Human Development Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 49-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008764 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:49-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khadija Haq Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Haq Title: Human Development Challenges in South Asia Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 71-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008773 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:71-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sudhir Anand Author-X-Name-First: Sudhir Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Amartya Sen Author-X-Name-First: Amartya Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: The Income Component of the Human Development Index Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 83-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008782 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:83-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephany Griffith-Jones Author-X-Name-First: Stephany Author-X-Name-Last: Griffith-Jones Title: Towards a Better Financial Architecture Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 107-144 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008791 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008791 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:107-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Wade Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Wade Title: Out of the Box: Rethinking the governance of international financial markets Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-157 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008809 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:145-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thanh-Dam Truong Author-X-Name-First: Thanh-Dam Author-X-Name-Last: Truong Title: A Feminist Perspective on the Asian Miracle and Crisis: Enlarging the conceptual map of human development Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 159-164 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008818 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008818 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:159-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Takatoshi Kato Author-X-Name-First: Takatoshi Author-X-Name-Last: Kato Title: Lessons from the Asian Crisis Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 165-168 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008827 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:165-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douglas Sweeny Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Sweeny Title: The Networked World, New Technologies and the Future Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 183-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678043 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:183-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kalpana Bardhan Author-X-Name-First: Kalpana Author-X-Name-Last: Bardhan Author-Name: Stephan Klasen Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen Title: On UNDP's Revisions to the Gender-Related Development Index Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 191-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678044 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:191-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo Rodas-Martini Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Rodas-Martini Title: Social Clauses in Regional Integration and Trade Preferential Schemes: A complicated relation but one that is making progress Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 197-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678040 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:197-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Women's Capabilities and Social Justice Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 219-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678045 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:219-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip Alston Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Alston Title: Towards a Human Rights Accountability Index Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 249-271 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678039 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:249-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siddiqur Rahman Osmani Author-X-Name-First: Siddiqur Rahman Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Human Rights to Food, Health, and Education Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 273-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713678042 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:273-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tariq Banuri Author-X-Name-First: Tariq Author-X-Name-Last: Banuri Author-Name: Erika Spanger-Siegfried Author-X-Name-First: Erika Author-X-Name-Last: Spanger-Siegfried Title: The Global Compact and the Human Economy Abstract: This essay examines the United Nations' (UN) Global Compact Initiative (GCI) from the perspective of the human economy — namely, the system of production and consumption that caters to the needs of the vast majority of the world's population and, in particular, those of the poorest segments. It argues that, while the ethical foundations proposed in the GCI are themselves not a subject of dispute or controversy, the test of the initiative will lie in the manner that its provisions are interpreted, and particularly the impact that these interpretations will have on the human economy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 7-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050147 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:7-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Greathead Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Greathead Author-Name: Kiku Loomis Author-X-Name-First: Kiku Author-X-Name-Last: Loomis Author-Name: Wendy Rhein Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Rhein Title: Business and Human Rights in the Year 2000 Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 19-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050156 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:19-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerald Helleiner Author-X-Name-First: Gerald Author-X-Name-Last: Helleiner Title: Markets, Politics and Globalization: Can the global economy be civilized? Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 27-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050165 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:27-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann Pettifor Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Pettifor Title: Global Economic Justice: Human rights for debtor nations Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 47-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050174 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:47-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leif Pagrotsky Author-X-Name-First: Leif Author-X-Name-Last: Pagrotsky Title: Instruments to Shape Globalization Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 53-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050183 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:53-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Pogge Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge Title: Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a global resources dividend Abstract: Article 25: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care. Article 28: Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) In two earlier essays (Pogge, 1994, 1998a), I have sketched and defended the proposal of a global resources dividend. This proposal was meant to show that there are feasible alternative ways of organizing our global economic order, that the choice among these alternatives makes a substantial difference to how much severe poverty there is worldwide, and that there are weighty moral reasons to make this choice so as to minimize such poverty. My proposal has evoked some critical responses (Kesselring, 1997; Reichel, 1997; Crisp and Jamieson, 2000) and spirited defenses (Kreide, 1998; Mandle, 2000) in the academy. But if it is to help reduce severe poverty, the proposal must be convincing not only to academics, but also to the people in governments and international organizations who are practically involved in poverty eradication efforts. I am most grateful therefore for the opportunity to present a concise and improved version of the argument in this journal. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 59-77 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050246 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:59-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Correa Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Correa Title: The TRIPS Agreement: How much room for maneuver? Abstract: The access to and use of information and technology for development is subject to intellectual property rights. During the past decade, particularly with the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement, the rights of intellectual property right (IPR) holders have been expanded and strengthened. This is likely to affect the scope and modalities of access to information and technologies needed for development. This paper examines, in Section 1, the main characteristics of the TRIPS Agreement. Section 2 presents the ways in which World Trade Organizations (WTO) member countries have used the flexibility left by the Agreement at the national level in order to promote a competitive access to goods and technologies. It examines, in particular, the use of parallel imports, exceptions to exclusive rights and compulsory licenses for that purpose. Section 3 briefly analyses the criteria of interpretation applied under the WTO dispute settlement system in TRIPS-related cases, while Section 4 discusses the normative implications of the Agreement in countries in different levels of development and in selected sectors. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 79-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050192 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050192 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:79-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Walker Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: The Implications of TRIPS: Ethics, health and human rights Abstract: It is only recently that discussion on intellectual property is being addressed within the framework of human rights. Yet, the human right to the protection of intellectual property dates back 50 years to the basic human rights text - the Declaration on Human Rights of 1948. The right was included in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights under Article 15. Only yesterday, the monitoring committee of the Covenant began to examine that article, as a means of exploring the human rights dimensions of the protection of intellectual property. I have been asked to speak about the human rights implications of the intellectual property protection over pharmaceuticals. In doing so, I will focus on the question of accessing HIV treatments. I wish to pose three questions. - Why is accessing HIV treatments a human rights issue? - What is a human rights approach to intellectual property protection? - Is intellectual property protection, as required by the TRIPS Agreement, consistent with the obligations of states under human rights law? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 109-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050200 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050200 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:109-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jong-Wha Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jong-Wha Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Education for Technology Readiness: Prospects for Developing Countries Abstract: The technology gap between developing and advanced countries has been increasing during the last few decades. In the process of technology development human capital plays a critical role as an absorption capacity for new technologies in developing countries. The cross-country regression shows that human capital interacts with inflows of foreign technology embodied in machinery imports as well as FDI, and thereby contributes to technology growth in developing countries. We also find that the stock of human capital, at the secondary and tertiary levels of education in particular, plays a key role in determining the development of information and communication technology.This paper discusses the measures in building appropriate human capacities for the adaptation of new technologies in developing countries by focusing on the education strategies of East Asian economies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 115-151 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050219 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:115-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gita Sen Author-X-Name-First: Gita Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: Review of Eliminating World Poverty: Making globalization work for the poor. DFID White Paper on International Development, 2000 Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 153-155 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050228 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:153-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Barry Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Barry Title: The Ethical Assessment of Technological Change: An overview of the issues Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 167-189 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067257 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:167-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoffrey Kirkman Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkman Title: Out of the Labs and Into the Developing World: Using appropriate technologies to promote truly global Internet diffusion Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 191-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067266 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:191-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joel Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Joel Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: Harnessing Biotechnology for the Poor: Challenges ahead for capacity, safety and public investment Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 239-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067275 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:239-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devesh Kapur Author-X-Name-First: Devesh Author-X-Name-Last: Kapur Title: Diasporas and Technology Transfer Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 265-286 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067284 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:265-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ha-Joon Chang Author-X-Name-First: Ha-Joon Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Title: Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development: Historical lessons and emerging issues Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 287-309 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067293 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:287-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andres Rodriguez-Clare Author-X-Name-First: Andres Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez-Clare Title: Costa Rica's Development Strategy based on Human Capital and Technology: How it got there, the impact of Intel, and lessons for other countries Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-324 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067301 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:311-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Streeten Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten Title: Reflections on Social and Antisocial Capital Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 7-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105362 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:7-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Pettinato Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Pettinato Title: A Conceptual Primer on the Currents and Trends in Inequality Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 23-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105371 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:23-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Graham Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: Mobility, Opportunity and Vulnerability: The Dynamics of Poverty and Inequality in a Global Economy Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 57-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105380 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:57-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meghnad Desai Author-X-Name-First: Meghnad Author-X-Name-Last: Desai Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Claes Johansson Author-X-Name-First: Claes Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson Author-Name: Fransisco Sagasti Author-X-Name-First: Fransisco Author-X-Name-Last: Sagasti Title: Measuring the Technology Achievement of Nations and the Capacity to Participate in the Network Age Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 95-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105399 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105399 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:95-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Lipton Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Lipton Author-Name: Saurabh Sinha Author-X-Name-First: Saurabh Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha Author-Name: Rachel Blackman Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Blackman Title: Reconnecting Agricultural Technology to Human Development Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 123-152 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105407 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:123-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Falk Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Falk Title: Reviving the 1990s Trend toward Transnational Justice: Innovations and Institutions Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 167-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147293 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:167-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jandhyala Tilak Author-X-Name-First: Jandhyala Author-X-Name-Last: Tilak Title: Education and Poverty Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 191-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147301 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:191-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrique Peruzzotti Author-X-Name-First: Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Peruzzotti Author-Name: Catalina Smulovitz Author-X-Name-First: Catalina Author-X-Name-Last: Smulovitz Title: Held to Account: Experiences of Social Accountability in Latin America Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 209-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147310 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:209-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siddiq Osmani Author-X-Name-First: Siddiq Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Expanding Voice and Accountability through the Budgetary Process Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 231-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147329 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:231-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerry Helleiner Author-X-Name-First: Gerry Author-X-Name-Last: Helleiner Title: Local Ownership and Donor Performance Monitoring: New Aid Relationships in Tanzania? Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 251-261 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147338 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:251-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Jolly Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly Title: Statisticians of the World Unite: The Human Development Challenge Awaits Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 263-272 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147347 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:263-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frikkie Booysen Author-X-Name-First: Frikkie Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen Title: The Extent of and Explanations for International Disparities in Human Security Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 273-300 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147356 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:273-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramakrushna Panigrahi Author-X-Name-First: Ramakrushna Author-X-Name-Last: Panigrahi Author-Name: Sashi Sivramkrishna Author-X-Name-First: Sashi Author-X-Name-Last: Sivramkrishna Title: An Adjusted Human Development Index: Robust Country Rankings with Respect to the Choice of Fixed Maximum and Minimum Indicator Values Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 301-311 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147365 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:301-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Kaldor Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Kaldor Title: Civil Society and Accountability Abstract: This paper addresses the question of whether trust in civil society groups is justified when it comes to giving voice to the poor. It addresses the issue of accountability as it relates to civil society, defining "moral' accountability as an organization's accountability towards the people it was established to help, and procedural accountability as internal management. It draws a distinction between civil society and non-governmental organizations, and argues that the contradiction between "moral' and "procedural' accountability applies primarily to non-governmental organizations, a subset of civil society. Beginning with an overview of the concept of civil society and the relevance of voice, it develops a typology of civil society actors to clarify different forms of accountability, and concludes with policy recommendations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Accountability, Civil Society, The State, Non-Governmental Organisations, Governance, Management, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051469 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:5-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naomi Sakr Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Sakr Title: Freedom of Expression, Accountability and Development in the Arab Region Abstract: Mechanisms for ensuring government transparency and accountability have yet to become established in the Arab region, where oil rents and security rents have traditionally enabled governments to provide jobs and services without having to rely heavily, if at all, on raising revenue through personal income tax on citizens. Yet various forms of resource mobilization, which will be needed in future, are likely to require a greater degree of accountability from those responsible for such mobilization. This paper considers whether a move in this direction is under way. It reviews government approaches to freedom of expression in the media and among non- governmental organizations. It notes changes that have taken place in this sphere since the start of the 1990s, not all of them positive, and concludes that many more steps remain to be taken if media organizations and non-governmental organizations are to exert pressure for accountability on behalf of citizens, and especially the disadvantaged. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 29-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Accountability, Civil Society, Non-Governmental Organisations, The Media, Governance, Transparency, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051478 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:29-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Bloom Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bloom Author-Name: David Canning Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Canning Title: The Health and Poverty of Nations: From theory to practice Abstract: Health is both a direct component of human well-being and a form of human capital that increases an individual's capabilities. We argue that these two views are complementary and that both can be used to justify increased investment in health in developing countries. In particular, we argue that the large effect improved health has on household incomes and economic growth makes it an important tool for poverty reduction. We survey the literature on the link between improvements in health and improved economic growth at the national level and also the link between improvements in health and improved productivity and wages at the household level. The theoretical arguments and related empirical evidence demonstrate a large effect of health improvements on productivity, household incomes, and economic growth. Given the large payoffs to health that exist in developing countries, we assess how health can be improved. We also argue that the income gains that result from health interventions can potentially feed back into better health in a process of cumulative causality, suggesting a fundamentally new rationale for greater spending on health in developing countries. In addition, we contend that, for health sector policies to be successful, there needs to be deep institutional change at the international, national, and local levels that puts greater emphasis on the health sector, and in particular that focuses on the health needs the poor themselves identify as important. The HIV/ AIDS epidemic represents the major challenge for health in many developing countries today. We use this as a test case showing how successful health interventions require not just increased spending, but also a profound commitment to change by all sectors of society. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 47-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Health, Health Sector, Poverty, Economic Growth, Poverty, Productivity, Hiv/AIDS, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051487 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:47-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadir Habibi Author-X-Name-First: Nadir Author-X-Name-Last: Habibi Author-Name: Cindy Huang Author-X-Name-First: Cindy Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Diego Miranda Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda Author-Name: Victoria Murillo Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Murillo Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Mainak Sarkar Author-X-Name-First: Mainak Author-X-Name-Last: Sarkar Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Decentralization and Human Development in Argentina Abstract: The human development impact of decentralization is the central focus of this paper, which addresses evolving patterns of fiscal decentralization in Argentina based on health and education indicators. The authors use previously unavailable data to look at decentralization in Argentina over time, and to document the positive impact of devolutionary decentralization on health and education, and the empirical relationship between fiscal decentralization and human development. The aim is to shift the focus of the general debate on decentralization away from purely budgetary issues. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 73-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Decentralization, Fiscal Decentralization, Argentina, Human Development, Health, Education, Budgets, Macro-Economics, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051496 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:73-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mauricio Olavarria-Gambi Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Author-X-Name-Last: Olavarria-Gambi Title: Poverty Reduction in Chile: Has economic growth been enough? Abstract: This paper analyses the relationship between growth, education, health status, and poverty in Chile. A comparative analysis with four countries is also undertaken. It is argued that long government involvement in social services has been a key factor in enabling many sectors of the population to increase their human capital, making it possible for them to take advantage of the opportunities given by growth to escape poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 103-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Chile, Latin America, Poverty, Social Policy, Economic Growth, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051504 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:103-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dharam Ghai Author-X-Name-First: Dharam Author-X-Name-Last: Ghai Title: Social Security: Learning from global experience to reach the poor Abstract: This paper discusses the central features of four models of social security -- classical, socialist, transition, and developing country -- looking at the coverage provided and the institutions and financing of social security in different contexts. It explores different ways of providing social security to the entire population in developing countries, and particularly ways of meeting the priority social security needs of the excluded majority in poor countries. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 125-150 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Social Security, Poverty, Developing Countries, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051513 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:125-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Streeten Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten Title: Book Review Abstract: This article does not have an abstract Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 151-155 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051522 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:151-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Title: New Threats to Human Security in the Era of Globalization Abstract: This paper makes a case for analysing the new insecurities introduced or worsened by globalization from a human security perspective. The author examines the ways in which globalization is changing the word -- economically, politically, and in terms of information and communications technology -- and then reviews the new insecurities that require policy attention. The paper specifically tackles the issues of global crime, trafficking in humans, instability in financial markets, threats to job security, the spread of disease and internal conflicts. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 167-179 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Globalization, Human Security, Human Development, Poverty, Inequality, Human Rights, Crime, Human Trafficking, Conflict, Crisis, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087523 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:167-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lincoln Chen Author-X-Name-First: Lincoln Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Vasant Narasimhan Author-X-Name-First: Vasant Author-X-Name-Last: Narasimhan Title: Human Security and Global Health Abstract: The authors consider the ways in which the concept of human security expands understanding of the links between health and human development. After discussing the emergence of the concept of human security, they examine the ways in which human security is linked to global health, particularly as regards violence and conflict, global infectious diseases, and poverty and inequality. The authors then draw out the implications for policy-making. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 181-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Health, Human Security, Disease, Crisis, Poverty, Inequality, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087532 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:181-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Heymann Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Heymann Title: The Evolving Infectious Disease Threat: Implications for national and global security Abstract: This paper discusses the ways in which the sharply increased danger of bio-terrorism has made infectious diseases a priority in defence and intelligence circles. Against this background, the author sets out a central principle of global public health security: a strengthened capacity to detect and contain naturally caused outbreaks is the only rational way to defend the world against the threat of a bio-terrorist attack. He then discusses the three trends that underscore this point: vulnerability of all nations to epidemics, the capacity of a disease such as AIDS to undermine government and society, and the way in which the determinants of national security have been re-defined in the post-Cold War era. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 191-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Infectious Disease, Epidemics, Microbials, Terrorism, Hiv/AIDS, Governance, Human Security, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087541 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:191-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephany Griffith-Jones Author-X-Name-First: Stephany Author-X-Name-Last: Griffith-Jones Author-Name: Jenny Kimmis Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Kimmis Title: International Financial Volatility Abstract: The authors argue for reforms in the international financial system to deliver sufficient and sufficiently stable private and public flows, and to sustain more rapid growth and investment in developing countries. The paper begins with an analysis of the way in which international financial volatility impacts on developing countries, and how financial and economic crises often become social crises with devastating consequences for human security, giving illustrations from Indonesia and Argentina. The authors then critically analyse current plans for reform of the international financial system, and make recommendations to strengthen global regulation, provide liquidity, arranged for orderly debt workouts, democratize global governance, and protect the poor during periods of financial disturbance. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 209-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Finance, Economics, Poverty, Human Security, Governance, Debt, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087550 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087550 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:209-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Bach Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Bach Title: Global Mobility, Inequality and Security Abstract: A human security perspective can help the international community design an international migration regime that responds to today's economic and political forces. The international refugee protection system, built on the experience of two world wars and inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, enabled states to protect people suffering from political persecution and, at the same time, to defend their territory. The complex motives for migration today render this regime inadequate. This paper examines four policy areas to serve as examples of how a human security agenda could assist in developing new international approaches to global mobility. They include a focus on brain/skills drain, emigration policies, human trafficking, and competing state-centered, security claims between sending and receiving communities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 227-245 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Migration, Human Security, Human Trafficking, Brain Drain, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087569 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:227-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michele Anne Clark Author-X-Name-First: Michele Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Trafficking in Persons: An issue of human security Abstract: This paper discusses trafficking in persons within a human security framework by identifying factors that heighten the insecurity of women and children within countries of origin, transit and destination. The author begins by reviewing the definitions in use and assessing the scope of the problem, and describing vulnerable populations and harmful practices. The paper then addresses conditions of vulnerability, including economic conditions, the entrenchment of organized crime, and civil war and unrest. It examines responses to the problem in countries of origin, transit, and destination, and concludes with recommendations for future policy intervention. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 247-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Trafficking, Human Security, Crime, Gender, Children, The Economy, Crisis, Italy, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087578 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:247-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tony Vaux Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Vaux Author-Name: Francie Lund Author-X-Name-First: Francie Author-X-Name-Last: Lund Title: Working Women And Security: Self Employed Women's Association's response to crisis Abstract: India's Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) is an organization of women who work informally. Between 1989 and 2001, the areas in which they live and work were affected by cyclones, drought, and earthquake. This paper traces SEWA's response to these crises. It consistently focuses on the importance of income in sustaining livelihoods in the face of crisis. It tries to turn crisis to opportunity, often working in partnership with, and always trying to influence, government; it extends its policy influence by participating in key government commissions and committees. SEWA has developed a battery of institutions (such as the insurance scheme) aimed at reducing risk and increasing security. We suggest that SEWA's members -- who are poor working women -- have developed a more appropriate response to disasters than have governments and aid agencies. In the search for human security, international agencies should pay greater attention to addressing the long-term vulnerability of poorer people. Greater attention should in general be given to the way that "manmade' economic policies and programmes can increase the risks that poor people face. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 265-287 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Women, Employment, Informal Sector, Poverty, Crisis, Disaster, The Enivironment, India, Gujarat, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087587 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:265-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanjeev Khagram Author-X-Name-First: Sanjeev Author-X-Name-Last: Khagram Author-Name: William Clark Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Dana Firas Raad Author-X-Name-First: Dana Firas Author-X-Name-Last: Raad Title: From the Environment and Human Security to Sustainable Security and Development Abstract: This paper argues for a broader emphasis on sustainable security and sustainable development, and for examining both opportunities as well as threats to security. The authors note that many of the significant risks arising from human and natural interactions do not emerge at global or local levels, but at intermediate scales. They look at what different conceptual frameworks have to contribute to our understanding and review lessons from experience, illustrating where possible with work on water. The authors conclude by offering implications for an agenda of action, including interconnected frameworks, coalitions for change, interlocking institutional arrangements and disaggregated goals and indicators. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 289-313 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Environment, Sustainable Development, Human Development, Human Security, Water, Disaster, Sustainable Livelihoods, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087604 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:289-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Title: Editor's Introduction Abstract: This article does not have an abstract Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 323-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125728 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:323-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals Abstract: "Quand les riches se font la guerre ce sont les pauvres qui meurent' Jean-Paul Sartre Le Diable et le Bon Dieu (1951) This paper reviews the effect of armed conflicts on development and, in particular, on the prospects of achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It explores the economic behaviour of countries affected by conflict and identifies the impact on different types of entitlement and in terms of human costs, particularly nutrition, health and education. It proposes a range of policy options that can be adopted towards countries at war. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 325-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Conflict, War, Poverty, Peace, Human Development, Macro- Economics, Debt, Aid, Relief, Health, Education, Nutrition, Politics, Culture, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125737 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:325-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angus Deaton Author-X-Name-First: Angus Author-X-Name-Last: Deaton Title: How to Monitor Poverty for the Millennium Development Goals Abstract: I consider two issues concerning how to monitor global poverty for the Millennium Development Goals, the selection of poverty lines, and the data sources for monitoring poverty over time. I discuss the choice of a single international line, converted using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates, versus the use of country- specific poverty lines. I note the difficulties in constructing PPP exchange rates but argue in favor of a single international line, converted at PPP rates, which would be regularly updated using domestic price indexes. Re-basing, using updated PPP rates, would be done infrequently. For example, if the global poverty numbers were estimated annually, the PPP rates might be updated once a decade. In any case, it is important that the poverty estimates be calculated much more frequently than the PPP rates are revised. I discuss whether monitoring should be performed using national accounts data on income or consumption, supplemented by distributional data so as to make inferences about poverty, or using data from household survey data. I argue that data from the national accounts are not suitable for measuring poverty and that their use requires assumptions that are unlikely to hold. In particular, monitoring poverty through the national accounts runs the risk of pre- judging important issues that are properly the subject of measurement, not assumption, such as the extent to which aggregate growth benefits the poor. I argue that poverty should be directly measured using household survey data, and I discuss what needs to be done to enable such monitoring to be placed on a sounder basis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 353-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Poverty, Monitoring, Measurement, Purchasing Power Parity, National Accounts, Household Surveys, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125746 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:353-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Howard White Author-X-Name-First: Howard Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Jennifer Leavy Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Leavy Author-Name: Andrew Masters Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Masters Title: Comparative Perspectives on Child Poverty: A review of poverty measures Abstract: Child poverty matters directly because children constitute a large share of the population, and indirectly for future individual and national well-being. Developed country measures of child poverty are dominated by income-poverty, although health and education are often included. But these are not necessarily the most direct measures of the things that matter to children. Moreover, a broader range of factors than material well-being matter for child development; family and community play an important role. The conclusion is that social and psychological variables are an important component of child welfare. Can such a conclusion be extended to developing countries? It might be thought not, since the dictates of a focus on absolute poverty imply concern with fundamentals such as malnutrition, illiteracy and premature death, and the things that cause these outcomes. But such a view is short-sighted. Child development concerns are at least as important in developing countries as developed ones, if less well understood. Hence, approaches to child welfare in developing countries (both measurement and policy) should also adopt a broad-based approach that embraces diverse aspects of the quality of a child' s life, including child rights. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 379-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Children, Poverty, Income-Poverty, Child Development, Family, Education, Health, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125755 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:379-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alberto Minujin Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Minujin Author-Name: Enrique Delamonica Author-X-Name-First: Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Delamonica Title: Mind the Gap! Widening Child Mortality Disparities Abstract: In parallel to the substantial expansion in global economic transactions and growth during the 1990s, there is evidence that the number of poor has increased and that income disparity among and within countries grew as well. There is, however, considerably less evidence about the situation of children related to these matters. Within this context, this paper explores the evolution of social disparities by analysing the trends in the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) by wealth level. It is common knowledge that child mortality is higher among the poorest than the richest. However, the size of this mortality gap or the way it varies in relation to the absolute level of child mortality is not as well known. This paper shows, based on a sample of 24 developing countries with comparable surveys, that the U5MR of the bottom quintile of the distribution of wealth is, on average, 2.2 times bigger than that of the wealthiest quintile. This means that, taking into account the greater fertility of poorer households, a child from a family belonging to the bottom quintile of the wealth distribution is three times more likely to die before age 5 than a child belonging to the top quintile. The trends over time show that U5MR differentials remained constant over time in a few countries, but worsened in the majority of them. Only two countries with relatively small populations were able to achieve both a reduction in average U5MR and a decline of U5MR disparities. The implications of this finding for achieving the U5MR Millennium Development Goal is discussed. Under the top-down approach, extrapolating past trends, only six of the 24 countries would reach the goal. However, under the egalitarian approach, 16 of them would attain the two-thirds required reduction. The relation between changes in U5MR differentials and changes in income inequality does not seem to be pronounced, thus suggesting that social policy may play an important role in reducing U5MR disparity. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-418 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Children, Mortality, Poverty, Under-5 Mortality Rate, Fertility, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125764 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:397-418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacques Charmes Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Charmes Author-Name: Saskia Wieringa Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Author-X-Name-Last: Wieringa Title: Measuring Women's Empowerment: An assessment of the Gender-related Development Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure Abstract: This paper describes work underway to enrich the present tools to measure women's empowerment -- particularly the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The authors are developing an African Gender and Development Index (AGDI) on behalf of the Economic Commission for Africa, which is to be launched in 2004. The paper begins with a discussion of gender and power concepts, and then introduces a Women' s Empowerment Matrix as a tool to help link socio-cultural, religious, political, legal, and economic spheres. It then raises some of the difficulties related to the calculation of the GDI and GEM, which the authors are taking into account in the AGDI. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 419-435 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Gender, Monitoring, Measurement, Human Development Index, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125773 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:419-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sashi Sivramkrishna Author-X-Name-First: Sashi Author-X-Name-Last: Sivramkrishna Author-Name: Ramakrushna Panigrahi Author-X-Name-First: Ramakrushna Author-X-Name-Last: Panigrahi Title: Articulating Uneven Regional Development: Artificial intelligence as a tool in development planning Abstract: There is an urgent need for more efficient and effective design, targeting and implementation of interventions to reduce regional imbalances in development. To do so, development agencies and practitioners need to articulate uneven regional development as regional inequalities in, and patterns of, development. The widespread popularity of composite indices like the Human Development Index has led to the acceptance of regional inequalities as a basis for intervention. However, in computing composite indices of development like the Human Development Index, information that could be of great utility to planners is lost. This is especially important when planners work on smaller spaces and several indicators of development. There is then a need to also articulate patterns of development for optimal intervention. Unfortunately, the conventional statistical methods to discern patterns in development are complex and have not found widespread acceptance like composite indices. Artificial intelligence, in particular the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map, is a user-friendly tool for development planners and practitioners to explore patterns in development. An application with several indicators over 399 Indian districts illustrates the need to study development patterns. This paper also makes clear the versatility of the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map technique in exploring these regional patterns of development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 437-456 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2003 Keywords: Development, Regional Development, Human Development Index, Artificial Intelligence, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125782 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000125782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:437-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Manor Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Manor Title: Democratisation with Inclusion: political reforms and people's empowerment at the grassroots Abstract: This paper reviews recent approaches by developing country governments to include ordinary people, particularly the poor, in democratic processes so as to benefit the people and protect democracy itself. Three issues currently characterise all aspects of government: centrist approaches, fiscal constraints, and resistance to reform. There have been five types of approaches to political reform, including elected councils, user committees, and other mechanisms, as well as efforts to engage civil society and elites in the process. This paper discusses how these efforts can be facilitated, and how to tackle resistance to reform, before going on to look at ways to measure the impact of such reforms. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Democracy, Government, Poverty, Politics, Participation, Local development, Devolution, Accountability, Civil society, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660193 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880310001660193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:5-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Faye Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Faye Author-Name: John McArthur Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: McArthur Author-Name: Jeffrey Sachs Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Sachs Author-Name: Thomas Snow Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Snow Title: The Challenges Facing Landlocked Developing Countries Abstract: In spite of technological improvements in transport, landlocked developing countries continue to face structural challenges to accessing world markets. As a result, landlocked countries often lag behind their maritime neighbours in overall development and external trade. While the relatively poor performance of many landlocked countries can be attributed to distance from coast, this paper argues that several aspects of dependence on transit neighbours are also important. Four such types of dependence are discussed: dependence on neighbours' infrastructure; dependence on sound cross-border political relations; dependence on neighbours' peace and stability; and dependence on neighbours' administrative practices. These factors combine to yield different sets of challenges and priorities in each landlocked country. The paper concludes with a brief set of policy recommendations. A detailed appendix presents maps and regional overviews that outline key challenges facing the landlocked countries in each region. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 31-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Globalization, Landlocked countries, Geography, Transit, Transport, Conflict, Markets, Economy, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660201 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880310001660201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:31-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Jolly Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly Title: Global Development Goals: the United Nations experience Abstract: This paper reviews experience since governments first began, through the United Nations, setting time-bound quantitative goals to serve as guidelines and benchmarks for national and international action and development assistance. It argues that, contrary to much opinion, many of these goals have had a major influence on subsequent action and many have been largely or considerably achieved. It discusses approaches to implementation adopted in the United Nations Development Decades as well as by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Bretton Woods' structural adjustment programmes. It underlines the need for a more nuanced and critical approach to what is meant by goal achievement, drawing on the experience of the Water Decade and the child survival revolution. It examines the ways in which global goals were costed, and draws lessons for the pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. Appendix 1 summarizes the wide range of goals, targets and results adopted and the results achieved. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 69-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, United Nations, Development, Child mortality, Smallpox, Malaria, Polio, Water and sanitation decade, Bretton Woods Institutions, Economic growth, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660210 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880310001660210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:69-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo Fuentes Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Fuentes Author-Name: Andres Montes Author-X-Name-First: Andres Author-X-Name-Last: Montes Title: Mexico and the Millennium Development Goals at the Subnational Level Abstract: This paper reviews Mexico's mixed track record in pursuing the Millennium Development Goals, with progress in health and education but a seemingly entrenched problem of poverty. Given that the country is one of the most equal in Latin America, the paper goes on to disaggregate the data and analysis to subgroups or regions. Regional disparities are stark in terms of education and infrastructure, as well as in poverty, with a North- South divide in the country and indigenous groups worst off in terms of poverty, illiteracy levels, gender equity and basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, there are positive trends based on an assessment that shows slow but steady convergence across three variables, life expectancy, education enrollment and literacy rates. The paper recommends focus on vulnerable subgroups and regions learning from successful national programs. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 97-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Poverty, Vulnerability, Regional development, Basic services, Education, Health, Economic development, Mexico, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660229 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880310001660229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:97-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solita Collas-Monsod Author-X-Name-First: Solita Author-X-Name-Last: Collas-Monsod Author-Name: Toby Monsod Author-X-Name-First: Toby Author-X-Name-Last: Monsod Author-Name: Geoffrey Ducanes Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Ducanes Title: Philippines' Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals: geographical and political correlates of subnational outcomes Abstract: While the Philippines seems to be on track towards achieving some Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), subnational disparities exist indicating possible patterns of isolation or discrimination. This paper examines whether and how geographical and political economy factors help to explain these disparities, focusing specifically on the MDG targets most closely related to the Human Development Index: poverty incidence, per- capita income, infant mortality and primary education completion rates. The paper shows that climate, topography and other spatial factors affect the pace of communities with respect to human development targets. In addition, history and institutions also play a role: provinces characterized by ongoing social-political or socio-cultural conflicts with the state, or those governed by local political dynasties, are lagging on most outcomes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 121-149 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Geography, Political Economy, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660238 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880310001660238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:121-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Hulme Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Hulme Title: Thinking 'Small' and the Understanding of Poverty: Maymana and Mofizul's story Abstract: Recent thinking on poverty and poverty reduction tend to be 'big' in terms of ideas, units of analysis, datasets, plans and ambitions. While recognizing the benefits of such approaches, this paper argues that researchers should counterbalance and supplement big ideas through 'thinking small'. In this context, the life history of a single household in Bangladesh, that of Maymana and Mofizul, confirms much current thinking about persistent poverty in that country: major health 'shocks' can impoverish families, and social exclusion, based on gender, age and disability, keeps people poor. This story also raises challenges to contemporary orthodoxies, and new insights, such as plans for poverty reduction that underestimate the role that the family and informal agents play in welfare provision and exaggerate the role of poverty reduction professionals. In conclusion, the paper points to the personal agency of Mofizul and Maymana — they may be down but they are not out. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Chronic poverty, Life history approach, Bangladesh, Female- headed households, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225104 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225104 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:161-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Lwanga-Ntale Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Lwanga-Ntale Author-Name: Kimberley McClean Author-X-Name-First: Kimberley Author-X-Name-Last: McClean Title: The Face of Chronic Poverty in Uganda from the Poor's Perspective: constraints and opportunities Abstract: This paper examines the factors influencing chronic poverty in Uganda from the perspective of the poor. The findings are based on participatory poverty assessments conducted in 23 urban and 57 rural sites covering 21 districts. The paper examines: the view of the poor on the definitions of chronic poverty, the types of people who are chronically poor and why; opportunities and constraints for moving out of poverty; the effects of government policies; and suggestions for improvements. The findings suggest that the factors driving and maintaining poverty often are transmitted inter-generationally, and certain categories of people, such as the disabled, women and refugees, are more vulnerable than others. Also, ineffective local governance and government policies seem to prevent the chronically poor from escaping the poverty trap. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 177-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Chronic poverty, Qualitative data, policy, Inter-generationally transmitted poverty, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225113 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:177-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shashanka Bhide Author-X-Name-First: Shashanka Author-X-Name-Last: Bhide Author-Name: Aasha Kapur Mehta Author-X-Name-First: Aasha Kapur Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta Title: Chronic Poverty in Rural India: issues and findings from panel data Abstract: The distinction between chronic or extended duration poverty and transient poverty is rarely made in the substantial literature on poverty in South Asia. This paper first reviews the limited panel data-based literature on chronic poverty in the region, and then uses panel data that longitudinally track around 3000 households to try and identify the factors that influenced or constrained changes in poverty status between 1970/1971 and 1981/ 1982. Data on consumption expenditure and estimates of the poverty line were used to classify households as poor or non-poor and then to divide them into four categories to capture mobility or immobility in the context of poverty. The categories are those households who were poor initially and remained poor over one decade, those who were non-poor and became poor, those who were poor initially and became non-poor, and those who remained non-poor in both surveys. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 195-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Chronic poverty, Escaping poverty, Persistence, Longitudinal, Panel data, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225122 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:195-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anirudh Krishna Author-X-Name-First: Anirudh Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna Author-Name: Patti Kristjanson Author-X-Name-First: Patti Author-X-Name-Last: Kristjanson Author-Name: Maren Radeny Author-X-Name-First: Maren Author-X-Name-Last: Radeny Author-Name: Wilson Nindo Author-X-Name-First: Wilson Author-X-Name-Last: Nindo Title: Escaping Poverty and Becoming Poor in 20 Kenyan Villages Abstract: Three hundred and sixteen households in 20 western Kenyan villages — 19% of all households in these villages — managed successfully to escape from poverty in the past 25 years. However, another 325 households (i.e. 19% of all households of these villages) fell into abiding poverty in the same period. Different causes are associated with households falling into poverty and those overcoming poverty. Separate policies will be required consequently to prevent descent and to promote escape in future. Results from these 20 Kenyan villages are compared with results obtained earlier from a similar inquiry conducted in 35 villages of Rajasthan, India. Some remarkable similarities are found, but also several important differences. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 211-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Chronic poverty, Causes of poverty, Anti-poverty policies, Comparative poverty analysis, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225131 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:211-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kay Sharp Author-X-Name-First: Kay Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp Author-Name: Stephen Devereux Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Devereux Title: Destitution in Wollo (Ethiopia): chronic poverty as a crisis of household and community livelihoods Abstract: Conventional approaches to poverty assessment are dominated by narrow measures of current household income, expenditure and consumption. These methodologies fail to capture more complex, multi- dimensional and dynamic realities of chronic poverty, such as asset erosion and livelihood vulnerability. This paper proposes an alternative measure of severe poverty or destitution, defined in terms of subsistence needs, livelihood resources and dependence on transfers. Fieldwork from northern Ethiopia confirms the resonance of this holistic approach with local perceptions. Destitute households in Wollo face constrained access to land, labour, livestock, social networks and transfers, and are more vulnerable to erratic weather and other shocks. The crisis of livelihoods affects whole communities: better-off households are no longer able to assist the poorest, and the majority of households are themselves at risk of destitution. This paper concludes that a broad range of policy interventions is needed to address both the household and community levels of chronic poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 227-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Destitution, Holistic approach with local perceptions, Asset erosion, Livelihood vulnerability, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225140 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225140 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:227-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amita Shah Author-X-Name-First: Amita Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: D. C. Sah Author-X-Name-First: D. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Sah Title: Poverty among Tribals in South West Madhya Pradesh: has anything changed over time? Abstract: While there is evidence of some positive change as a result of economic development and some of the anti-poverty strategies implemented in India, the overall effect is fairly limited, especially among the poor. Some of the less favoured rural areas have faced deterioration due to a shrinking land base and restricted access to forest resources. The slow pace of economic growth only partly explains the exclusion of certain categories of households, indicating that parts of the rural community, particularly the landless and the small-marginal farmers, remain unaffected by even a moderately faster growth rate. This paper examines changes in poverty and related poverty factors in South West Madhya Pradesh, and it aims to further an understanding of poverty typology and poverty dynamics by focusing on a micro setting. Findings indicate that there is a need for establishing basic infrastructures, especially for health and education, and that crop- productivity and market support do not develop at a sufficient rate to impact on the reduction of chronic poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 249-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Chronic poverty, Anti-poverty programmes, Incidence of poverty, Poverty dynamics, Policy implications, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225159 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:249-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Lokshin Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Lokshin Author-Name: Ruslan Yemtsov Author-X-Name-First: Ruslan Author-X-Name-Last: Yemtsov Title: Combining Longitudinal Household and Community Surveys for Evaluation of Social Transfers: infrastructure rehabilitation projects in rural Georgia Abstract: This paper combines longitudinal household and community level survey data to evaluate the effect of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household well-being in rural Georgia. The panel structure of the data is utilized in an empirical approach to control for time-invariant unobservable factors at the community level by applying propensity score-matched double difference comparison. The results indicate that improvements in school and road infrastructure produce non-trivial gains on village and country levels. School rehabilitation projects produce the largest gains for the poor, while the road projects benefit the poor and non-poor in different aspects of well- being. From a methodological point of departure it is concluded that ad hoc community surveys matched with ongoing nationally representative longitudinal household surveys can provide a feasible and low-cost tool for evaluation of the effectiveness of social transfers. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 265-277 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Longitudinal surveys, Propensity score-matched double difference comparisons, Effectiveness of social transfers, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225168 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:265-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edoardo Masset Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo Author-X-Name-Last: Masset Author-Name: Howard White Author-X-Name-First: Howard Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Are Chronically Poor People being Left Out of Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals? A quantitative analysis of older people, disabled people and orphans Abstract: The most useful poverty profiles are those based on functional groupings defined in relation to key livelihood features. This paper considers three groups, sometimes called the traditional poor, which are commonly identified as being poor in participatory poverty assessments: orphans, people with disabilities, and older people. Each group may be considered a functional classification because its members share similar livelihood strategies. This paper reports the level and trend in selected Millennium Development Goal-related welfare indicators for these groups, and compares these trends with those in the population as a whole in Bulgaria, Ghana, Nicaragua, Vietnam and Andhra Pradesh. It is generally found that these groups are relatively disadvantaged and in some respects experience less rapid progress than other population groups, suggesting the need for targeted efforts to support these disadvantaged groups to ensure progress toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals. This paper recommends changes in data collection for greater coverage of these groups and identifies some important research questions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 279-297 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Chronic poor, Orphans, People with disabilities, Older people, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225177 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:279-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Nelson Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson Title: Freedom, Reason, and More: Feminist economics and human development Abstract: Researchers sensitive to issues of gender have made substantial contributions to the literature on economic and cultural development. Discussion of how feminist analysis might affect the definition of development goals, in a broader philosophical sense, has, however, been less advanced. This essays seeks to further this discussion, taking as its starting point the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen's influential insights about 'development as freedom' and the role of reason. It argues that these important insights need to be complemented by (not supplanted by) additional insights into affiliation and emotion. People deeply desire connection, continuity, and a sense of place, as well as freedom, and use their hearts as well as their minds to guide their actions. Cultural neglect of the human need for affiliation and capacity for emotion may help explain why economic outcomes continue to be characterized by extreme global disparity. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 309-333 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Feminism, Gender, Economics, Freedom, Cultural development, Capability, Philosophy, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277224 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:309-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeemol Unni Author-X-Name-First: Jeemol Author-X-Name-Last: Unni Title: Globalization and Securing Rights for Women Informal Workers in Asia Abstract: The major paradigms of the development discourse have recently incorporated the language of rights. To move from the rhetoric of human rights to concretely elaborate the content of rights for informal workers, particularly women, in Asia is the purpose of this paper. Using a rights-based approach to development, the paper takes up the issue of gender-enabling worker rights in the context of developing economies that are increasingly open to external influences. A matrix of rights consisting of the right to work, broadly defined, safe work, minimum income and social security are identified as core issues for informal workers. Further, we focus attention on four specific groups of informal workers: self-employed independent producers and service workers, self-employed street vendors, dependent producers such as homeworkers and outworkers, and dependent wageworkers. Gender-sensitive micro-economic and macro-economic and social polices are identified for each of these segments of the informal workers. The access to economic, market and social reproduction needs are to be addressed simultaneously to ensure the basic matrix of rights for women informal workers in developing countries. Each of the needs of the workers have to be viewed as a right and a system of institutions or mechanisms that will help to bring these rights to the center of policy have to be worked out. The claim of women and informal workers for a voice in the macro policy decisions through representation at the local, national and international levels is at the heart of the rights-based approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 335-354 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Informal sector, Economics, Women, Gender, Human rights, Macro policy, Globalization, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277233 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:335-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: On the Arbitrariness and Robustness of Multi-Dimensional Poverty Rankings Abstract: It is often argued that multi-dimensional measures of well-being and poverty -- such as those based on the capability approach and related views -- are ad hoc. Rankings based on them are not, for this reason, robust to changes in the selection of weights used. In this paper, it is argued that the extent of potential arbitrariness and the range of issues relating to robustness have been underestimated in this context. Several issues relating to both the identification of the poor and the use of dimension- specific data are distinguished. For illustrative purposes, these distinct issues are discussed in the context of the inter-provincial ranking of poverty in South Africa in 1995-1996. It turns out that this ranking is fairly robust, and that an important policy-relevant result involving a comparison between KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State in 'income'/'expenditure' and 'human' poverty rankings is reinforced rather than undermined by checking for robustness. Even when the rankings are not robust, the discussion suggests that they may inform policy debates. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 355-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Poverty, Measurement, Capability, South Africa, Economics, Income poverty, Human poverty, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277242 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:355-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Pogge Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge Title: The First United Nations Millennium Development Goal: A cause for celebration? Abstract: The first and most prominent United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG-1) has been widely celebrated. Yet, four reflections should give us pause. Although retaining the idea of "halving extreme poverty by 2015", MDG-1 in fact sets a much less ambitious target than had been agreed to at the 1996 World Food Summit in Rome: that the number of poor should be reduced by 19% (rather than 50%), from 1094 million to 883.5 million. Tracking the $1/day poverty headcount, the World Bank uses a method that may paint far too rosy a picture of the evolution of extreme poverty. Shrinking the problem of extreme poverty, which now causes some 18 million deaths annually, by 19% over 15 years is grotesquely underambitious in view of resources available and the magnitude of the catastrophe. Finally, this go-slow approach is rendered even more appalling by the contribution made to the persistence of severe poverty by the affluent countries and the global economic order they impose. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 377-397 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: International poverty line, Millennium Development Goals, Official development assistance, Poverty, Purchasing power parities, United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organisation, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277251 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:377-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Arimah Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Arimah Title: Poverty Reduction and Human Development in Africa Abstract: This paper uses cross-national data to investigate the extent to which the adoption of human development strategies has resulted in a reduction of poverty in Africa. Inter-country variations in income and human poverty reinforce the established patterns of well-being within the continent, as countries in Northern and Southern Africa have the lowest levels of poverty. The empirical analysis reveals that inter- country differences in poverty levels can be accounted for by variables indicative of the different facets of human development. These include public expenditure on education, primary school enrolment, female educational enrolment, expenditure on health, and good governance. Other significant variables apart from those pertaining to human development are economic growth, high external debt, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the geographical disadvantage of being a landlocked country. The paper also shows that foreign aid has had a limited effect on poverty reduction in Africa. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 399-415 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Poverty, Africa, Human development, Governance, Economic growth, Income, Education, Health, Debt, Aid, HIV/AIDS, Landlocked country, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277260 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:399-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bahram Adrangi Author-X-Name-First: Bahram Author-X-Name-Last: Adrangi Author-Name: K. Kathy Dhanda Author-X-Name-First: K. Kathy Author-X-Name-Last: Dhanda Author-Name: Ronald Paul Hill Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: A Model of Consumption and Environmental Degradation: Making the case for sustainable consumer behaviour Abstract: This paper develops and examines a model of the relationship between consumption and environmental degradation, using the per-capita Gross Domestic Product as the proxy for consumer behaviour and per-capita carbon dioxide emissions as the indicator of pollution. The time path of emissions and consumption are modelled within a dynamic framework, and the result is expressed as an optimization problem from which Hamiltonian conditions are derived. These conditions are analysed through the use of a phase diagram, and the empirical section of the paper reveals the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and Gross Domestic Product values across nation-states as well as the United Nations classifications for development among countries. The paper closes with an examination of sustainable consumer behaviour that has global policy implications. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 417-432 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2004 Keywords: Consumption, Pollution, Environment, Economic models, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277279 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:417-432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Foster Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Luis Lopez-Calva Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva Author-Name: Miguel Szekely Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Szekely Title: Measuring the Distribution of Human Development: methodology and an application to Mexico Abstract: The Human Development Index (HDI) improves upon per-capita Gross Domestic Product as an indicator of development by incorporating information on health and education. However, like its predecessor, it fails to account for the inequality with which the benefits of development are distributed among the population. Subsequent work by Anand and Sen (1993) and Hicks (1997) has led to a useful distribution-sensitive measure of human development, but at the cost of a key property of the HDI that ensures consistency between regional and aggregate analyses. This paper presents a new parametric class of human develop-ment indices that includes the original HDI as well as a family of distribution sensitive indices that satisfy all the basic properties for an index of human development. An empirical application using the year 2000 Mexican Population Census data shows how the new measures can be applied to analyze the distribution of human development at the national level and for individual states. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Human development, Well-being, Inequality, Generalized means, X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988052000342220 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988052000342220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:5-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Shoutir Kishore Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Title: Measurement of Human Development: an alternative approach Abstract: The quality of life of an individual is standardly regarded as having three dimensions: (i) prospective longevity, (ii) educational attainment and (iii) standard of living. An index of human development in a population should be based on the distribution of characters representing these in the population and should ideally take account of both the general level and the extent of inequality (i.e. equality or concentration) in the 'values' of each character. The Human Development Index of the United Nations Development Programme nowadays takes account of only the general levels of the characters — such as expectation of life for, (i) literacy rate and enrolment ratio for, and (ii) Gross Domestic Product per capita for. In this paper first a joint measure of the general level and concentration of the distribution of an ordered qualitative or a quantitative character is proposed. The measure is then applied on the distribution of prospective longevity, educational level and income, and an alternative Human Development Index is set up on that basis. The method is illustrated by computing the proposed index for the rural and urban sectors of a number of Indian States and of India as a whole. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 31-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Quality of life, Constituent character, Distribution, Uptilt, Component indices for different constituents, Overall index of human development, X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034239 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:31-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emanuel de Kadt Author-X-Name-First: Emanuel Author-X-Name-Last: de Kadt Title: Abusing Cultural Freedom: coercion in the name of God Abstract: Using violence to promote one's beliefs grabs the headlines. Nevertheless, today the main threat does not come from the violent few, who do get some attention in this paper, but from the growing numbers who wish coercively to impose their views on others. Most world cultures encompass such coercive variants, and the factors that contribute to their rise are discussed. The main focus is on coercive religion and fundamentalism, but some attention is paid to factors common to all coercive ideologies, notably the rejection of multiple identities. The threat from coercive ideologies may be reduced by multiculturalism, by distinguishing desirable from misguided appeals to 'freedom of religion', and by supporting open-mindedness and religious reform movements. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 55-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Christianity, Coercive use of religion, Culture, Fundamentalism, Identity, Islam, Jihad, Judaism, Multicultural societies, Religious extremism, X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034248 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:55-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: Severine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: Promoting Human Freedoms under Conditions of Inequalities: a procedural framework Abstract: Considering people as agents of their own lives is central in Amartya Sen's freedom-centred approach to development. In that respect, the capability approach grants a fundamental role to the ability to participate in the life of the community, which is referred to as the exercise of political freedom. The paper highlights a major tension between the promotion of human freedoms and the exercise of political freedom, and examines ways in which this tension may be loosened. It suggests that the consequentialist space of well-being evaluation that Sen's capability approach advocates be supplemented by a procedural space. In parallel to Martha Nussbaum's 'thick vague theory of the good', which deals with the indeterminacy of Sen's consequentialist evaluation, the paper proposes a 'thick vague theory of political freedom' that hopes to offer some answers to the problems involved with promoting human freedoms through the exercise of political freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 75-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Agency, Participation, Deliberative democracy, Practical wisdom, Natural law, X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034257 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:75-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey Abstract: This paper aims to present a theoretical survey of the capability approach in an interdisciplinary and accessible way. It focuses on the main conceptual and theoretical aspects of the capability approach, as developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, and others. The capability approach is a broad normative framework for the evaluation and assessment of individual well-being and social arrangements, the design of policies, and proposals about social change in society. Its main characteristics are its highly interdisciplinary character, and the focus on the plural or multidimensional aspects of well-being. The approach highlights the difference between means and ends, and between substantive freedoms (capabilities) and outcomes (achieved functionings). Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 93-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Capability approach, Development, Functionings, Justice, Martha Nussbaum, Poverty, Well-being, X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034266 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:93-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabina Alkire Author-X-Name-First: Sabina Author-X-Name-Last: Alkire Title: Why the Capability Approach? Abstract: In addressing operational challenges such as poverty or economic development, many researchers and practitioners wish to build upon insights raised by Sen's capability approach and related writings. This paper argues that the comprehensive reach and foundation of the human development and capability approach has a value independent from and additional to their practical outworkings, and yet also that operational specifications are both possible and vital to the further development of the approach. The paper begins with a thumbnail sketch of the core concepts of the capability approach, and supplements these with additional informational and principle requirements that Sen argues to be necessary for a more complete assessment of a state of affairs. It traces some important avenues along which the Human Development Reports and other empirical studies have operationalized certain aspects of Sen's capability approach. The paper then articulates further developments that might be expected, arguing that such developments must also build upon cutting edge research in other fields. It also identifies certain 'value judgments' that are inherent to the capability approach and should not be permanently dismissed by some methodological innovation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 115-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Capability approach, Development economics, Human development, Poverty, Well-being, X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034275 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:115-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: Special Editor's Introduction Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120475 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:145-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amartya Sen Author-X-Name-First: Amartya Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: Human Rights and Capabilities Abstract: The two concepts — human rights and capabilities — go well with each other, so long as we do not try to subsume either concept entirely within the territory of the other. There are many human rights that can be seen as rights to particular capabilities. However, human rights to important process freedoms cannot be adequately analysed within the capability framework. Furthermore, both human rights and capabilities have to depend on the process of public reasoning. The methodology of public scrutiny draws on Rawlsian understanding of 'objectivity' in ethics, but the impartiality that is needed cannot be confined within the borders of a nation. Public reasoning without territorial confinement is important for both. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 151-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Human rights, Capabilities, Public reasoning, Freedom, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120491 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:151-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Women's Bodies: Violence, Security, Capabilities Abstract: Violence against women is a global problem of great magnitude. After laying out some sample data on violence against women, I argue that this violence, and its ongoing threat, interferes with every major capability in a woman's life. Next, I argue that it is the capabilities approach we need, if we are to describe the damage done by such violence in the most perspicuous way and make the most helpful recommendations for dealing with it. But the capabilities approach will be helpful in this area only if it develops effective arguments against cultural relativism and in favor of a context-sensitive universalism, and only if it is willing to make some claims, albeit humble and revisable, about which capabilities are most deserving of state protection, as fundamental entitlements of all citizens. Finally, I sketch some possible implications of the capability approach for public policy in this area. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 167-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Women, Violence, Capabilities, Universalism, Relativism, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120509 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120509 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:167-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Groups and Capabilities Abstract: The paper suggests that groups should be given a more central role than they generally are in the capability approach. Being a member of a group or groups is an intrinsic aspect of human life: the quality of groups with which individuals identify forms an important direct contribution to their well-being, is instrumental to other capabilities, and influences people's choices and values. The argument is illustrated empirically by reference to identity groups in conflict; and to empowering and enriching groups among the poor. The paper concludes that one should analyse and categorise group capabilities as well as individual capabilities. While capabilities are beings and doings of individuals in the capability approach, groups are included in some of the analysis. The paper is thus consistent with the capability approach, but argues that groups play a much more dominant role in human life and well-being than appears in much of the analysis of capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Groups, Capabilities, Empowerment, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120517 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:185-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siddiqur Rahman Osmani Author-X-Name-First: Siddiqur Rahman Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Poverty and Human Rights: Building on the Capability Approach Abstract: This paper explores the conceptual connections between poverty and human rights through the lens of the capability approach. The concept of capability can be seen as the bridge that links poverty with human rights because it plays a foundational role in the characterisation of both poverty and human rights. Once this common foundation is noted, poverty can be defined as denial of human rights. Furthermore, the capability approach also helps us to address the question of whether just any denial of human right should count as poverty or whether there should be some restriction in this regard admitting only certain cases of denial of human of rights into the domain but not others. The capability perspective suggests that the domain should indeed be restricted in some well-defined ways. Finally, the paper argues that such restriction of domain need not be inconsistent with the principle of indivisibility of human rights. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 205-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Poverty, Human rights, Capability, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120541 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:205-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Title: Securing Humanity: Situating 'Human Security' as Concept and Discourse Abstract: The label 'human security' has attracted much attention since the 1994 Human Development Report, but there are numerous conflicting definitions and agendas, and widespread scepticism. The Ogata-Sen Commission report Human Security Now has proposed a unified yet flexible definition and agenda. This paper specifies the Human Security Now concept as the intersection of: a concern with reasoned freedoms; a focus on basic needs; and a concern for stability as well as levels in key human development dimensions. Second, it specifies other elements of this human security discourse: a normative focus on individuals' lives and an insistence on basic rights for all; and an explanatory agenda that stresses the nexus between freedom from want and indignity and freedom from fear. Third, it clarifies where the human security discourse repeats the basic human needs conception, and where it adds and shows the consistency of the human security, human needs and human rights languages. Fourth, it specifies the types of intellectual 'boundary work' that the concept and discourse attempt: mobilizing attention and concern, connecting explanatory and normative agendas, and linking diverse intellectual and policy communities. Finally, it assesses human security as a boundary concept, including the particular label chosen, and diagnoses the threats as well as opportunities implicit in security language. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 221-245 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Human security, Human development, Human rights, Human needs, Sociology of science, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120558 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:221-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jay Drydyk Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk Title: When is Development More Democratic? Abstract: If people are to be empowered by development processes, to be active participants rather than passive recipients, then development must become more democratic. However, the meaning of 'more demo-cratic' is not exhausted by the introduction of democratic institutions; it also entails that political activity functions more democratically. In this article, 'democratic functioning' is defined in terms of people's access to political activity, which has greater influence over decision-making that is more effective in preserving or enhancing valuable capabilities. Thus development can be democratically dysfunctional in three ways: exclusion from political activity, lack of influence by political activity over decision-making, and lack of effect on capability shortfalls within the community. The debate on participatory development points to dysfunctionalities of all three kinds, even within participatory development. Therefore, rather than merely calling for development to be more participatory, we ought to call for it to be more democratic. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 247-267 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Democracy, Development, Empowerment, Capabilities, Participatory Development, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120566 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500120566 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:247-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satya Chakravarty Author-X-Name-First: Satya Author-X-Name-Last: Chakravarty Author-Name: Amita Majumder Author-X-Name-First: Amita Author-X-Name-Last: Majumder Title: Measuring Human Poverty: A Generalized Index and an Application Using Basic Dimensions of Life and Some Anthropometric Indicators Abstract: The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is a composite index of poverty that focuses on deprivations in human lives, aimed at measuring poverty as a failure in capabilities in multiple dimensions, in contrast to the conventional headcount measure focused on low incomes. The HPI was introduced in the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 1997 and concentrates on deprivations in basic dimensions of life. This paper develops an axiomatic characterization of a family of global deprivation indices using an arbitrary number of dimensions of human life. When we consider only the three basic dimensions, a member of this family becomes ordinally equivalent to HPI. The general index allows the calculation of percentage contributions of deprivations in different dimensions, and hence to identify the dimensions whose failures affect the overall deprivation more. This is important from a policy perspective. We also provide an empirical illustration of the characterized indices using cross-country data for the three basic dimensions and the anthropometric indicators birth weight, height for age and nourishment. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 275-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Deprivation, Human poverty, Axioms, Characterization, General index, Basic dimensions of life, Anthropometric indicators, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287605 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500287605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:275-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Udaya Wagle Author-X-Name-First: Udaya Author-X-Name-Last: Wagle Title: Multidimensional Poverty Measurement with Economic Well-being, Capability, and Social Inclusion: A Case from Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract: The contemporary, income and consumption approaches to poverty definition and measurement, which are unidimensional in nature, are unable to capture multiple dimensions of poverty. The multidimensional approach operationalized here in the structural equation framework suggests that the multidimensionality of poverty hypothesis holds for the population in Kathmandu, Nepal, including economic well-being, capability, and social inclusion. While all of these dimensions are integral, the capability dimension appears to be highly influential, affecting every other poverty dimension. This paper identifies indicators appropriate to measure different poverty dimensions and, although the multidimensional approach necessitates further work for more simplified and policy relevant application, alternative ways are explored with their practical implications. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 301-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Economic well-being, Capability, Economic inclusion, Political inclusion, Civic/cultural inclusion, Structural equation modeling, Kathmandu, Nepal, Asia, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287621 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500287621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:301-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valeria Costantini Author-X-Name-First: Valeria Author-X-Name-Last: Costantini Author-Name: Salvatore Monni Author-X-Name-First: Salvatore Author-X-Name-Last: Monni Title: Sustainable Human Development for European Countries Abstract: In recent years, sustainable development has represented one of the most important policy goals at the global level. How to design specific policy actions and how to measure performance and results continue to present a challenge. The aim of this paper is to identify a numerical measure of 'sustainable human development' by enlarging human development with more specific environmental aspects. The sustainability condition has been directly analysed on the well-being side. Building a complex Sustainable Human Development Index may be a hard task because of data availability. European countries represent a useful pilot area for testing the methodology. The key factors of effective sustainable human development are emphasized, comparing a Sustainable Human Development Index with existing traditional indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 329-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Sustainable Development, Human Development Index, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287654 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500287654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:329-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katherine Mohindra Author-X-Name-First: Katherine Author-X-Name-Last: Mohindra Author-Name: Slim Haddad Author-X-Name-First: Slim Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad Title: Women's Interlaced Freedoms: A Framework Linking Microcredit Participation and Health Abstract: Improving the health of poor women is a public health priority worldwide. In this paper, we focus on microcredit — an intervention not explicitly designed to have an impact on health. Microcredit programmes aim to provide the poor with access to credit, thereby improving their opportunities to engage in productive activities. This paper presents a conceptual framework, inspired by Sen's capability approach, Michael Grossman's health production theory, and models of the determinants and pathways of population health, to assess how participation in microcredit can lead to improvement in the health of poor women. We explore how women's health capabilities (i.e. opportunities to achieve good health), and ultimately their health functionings (e.g. being healthy), can be expanded via key determinants of population health, such as access to resources and autonomy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 353-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Population health, Poor women, Capability approach, Health production, Microcredit, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287662 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500287662 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:353-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Seeta Prabhu Author-X-Name-First: K. Seeta Author-X-Name-Last: Prabhu Title: Social Statistics for Human Development Reports and Millennium Development Goal Reports: Challenges and Constraints Abstract: The preparation of over 564 Human Development Reports (HDRs) at various levels and, more recently, over 100 Millennium Development Goal Reports (MDGRs) have placed enormous demands on the national statistical systems across countries. While the evolving of newer indices designed to capture more qualitative dimensions of living pose one set of challenges, the need to compile data on much more specific indicators that are monitored over a long period of time in the MDGRs poses another set of challenges. Moreover, the spread of Right to Information and similar movements across countries has meant that, increasingly, questions are being raised about the ways in which information is collected and disseminated. The main objectives of the paper are to examine: the emerging statistical requirements for reporting on National HDRs and MDGRs, to examine their implications for generation and dissemination of data by National Statistical Systems, and to suggest alternatives to ensure that the 'process' that enables the National Statistical Systems to collate and disseminate data are in keeping with the principles of participation and transparency. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 375-397 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Social statistics, Statistical challenges, NHDRs, MDGRs, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500288553 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500288553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:375-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanjay Reddy Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy Author-Name: Antoine Heuty Author-X-Name-First: Antoine Author-X-Name-Last: Heuty Title: Peer and Partner Review: A Practical Approach to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals Abstract: A number of strategies to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated cost estimates have recently been presented, most influentially by the Millennium Project and the World Bank. The models underlying the recommended strategies are flawed, as a result of their reliance on implausible and restrictive assumptions and poor quality data and their failure adequately to reflect uncertainties about the future. These weaknesses of technocratic predictive models can be mitigated but not overcome. An alternative approach to strategic planning should establish an institutional framework for continuous informed policy choice by representative decision-makers. The alternative approach to achieving the MDGs can be implemented through a process of periodic peer and partner review. The process of peer and partner review would enable each country to learn from its own experience and that of other countries, and thereby increases the likelihood of success of achieving the MDGs. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 399-420 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2005 Keywords: Poverty, Development, Millennium Development Goals, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500288637 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500288637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:399-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barnett Rubin Author-X-Name-First: Barnett Author-X-Name-Last: Rubin Title: Central Asia and Central Africa: Transnational Wars and Ethnic Conflicts Abstract: In the former Soviet states of Central Asia, Afghanistan and its neighboring countries, and the in the Great Lakes region of Africa, conflicts have been organized around cultural identities. These identities, however, are not sub-national but transnational. They have linked groups within a state to trans-border networks that have participated in both contemporary global markets and warfare, as elements of regional conflict formations. The latter involve both non-state actors and states engaged in asymmetrical or covert warfare. Since identities constitute transnational networks, as well as sub-state collectivities, the set of policies to reduce conflict among identity groups and promote peaceful cultural diversity has to include regional and global as well as national policies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501138 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500501138 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:5-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abby Stoddard Author-X-Name-First: Abby Author-X-Name-Last: Stoddard Author-Name: Adele Harmer Author-X-Name-First: Adele Author-X-Name-Last: Harmer Title: Little Room to Maneuver: The Challenges to Humanitarian Action in the New Global Security Environment Abstract: The current global politico-security environment poses challenges to principled humanitarian action on three levels. Humanitarian actors are at pains to preserve a neutral stance in contested political environments, specifically those of occupation and counter-insurgency operations within the US-led Global War on Terror — a particularly difficult proposition when the major donor for humanitarian activities is also the occupying power. Their second challenge is to maintain operational independence in environments of post-conflict transition and other contexts where the life-saving work is over and political pressure increases for all international actors to operate under a unified, politically coherent peace-building strategy. Finally, humanitarians perceive a greater threat than ever before to the physical security of their own workers, as incidents of violence against aid workers appear to be on the rise. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 23-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501146 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500501146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:23-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marjorie Gassner Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Author-X-Name-Last: Gassner Author-Name: Darwin Ugarte Ontiveros Author-X-Name-First: Darwin Ugarte Author-X-Name-Last: Ontiveros Author-Name: Vincenzo Verardi Author-X-Name-First: Vincenzo Author-X-Name-Last: Verardi Title: Human Development and Electoral Systems Abstract: The aim of this paper is to test whether electoral systems and human development are linked. Using high-quality data and very simple panel data econometric techniques, we show that electoral systems play a critical role in explaining the difference in the levels of human development between countries. We find that countries which have proportional systems enjoy higher levels of human development than those with majoritarian systems, thanks to more redistributive fiscal policies. We also find that when the degree of proportionality, based on the mean electoral district size, increases, so does human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 43-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501161 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500501161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:43-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Renato Libanora Author-X-Name-First: Renato Author-X-Name-Last: Libanora Author-Name: Stefano Mariani Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Mariani Author-Name: Leonardo Menchini Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo Author-X-Name-Last: Menchini Title: Children Conceptualizing their Capabilities: Results of a Survey Conducted during the First Children's World Congress on Child Labour Abstract: This paper reports the results of a research project that allowed children to define their capabilities as the basis of a bottom-up strategy for understanding the relevant dimensions of children's well-being. The subjects of this research were children participating in the 'Children's World Congress on Child Labour' held in Florence in May 2004, organized by the Global March against Child Labour and other associations. Children were invited to interact and express their opinions on the most relevant issues related to their childhood and adolescence. The paper has three main aims. The first is to propose and legitimate a view that considers children not simply as recipients of freedoms, but also as participants in the process of delineating a set of core capabilities. The second is to propose a methodological approach to the conceptualization of a list of relevant capabilities. The third is to identify a tentative list of relevant capabilities for children through a participatory bottom-up approach. One of the key findings of the research is that, among the capabilities conceptualized, education, love and care are primary in terms of relevance. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 59-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501179 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500501179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:59-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica Haddad Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad Author-Name: Zorica Nedovic-Budic Author-X-Name-First: Zorica Author-X-Name-Last: Nedovic-Budic Title: Using Spatial Statistics to Analyze Intra-urban Inequalities and Public Intervention in Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract: Like many cities in developing countries, Sao Paulo, Brazil, is characterized by major intra-urban inequalities with respect to human development. The center-periphery spatial regimes are the most obvious spatial manifestation of this phenomenon. In this paper we apply confirmatory spatial data analysis to examine these inequalities and their relationship to public interventions. Using district-level data, we examine the relationship between public interventions and the level of human development, while controlling for population density, spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. Our results suggest that public interventions reinforce the existing differences between center and periphery. Specifically, public services and utilities and social programs are allocated more intensively in districts with higher human development levels. These findings call for a more careful consideration of distribution of societal resources and effectiveness of public programs and policies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 85-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Spatial statistics, Intra-urban inequality, Public programs, Urban policy, Developing countries, Human development, Economic growth, Spatial autocorrelation, Spatial heterogeneity, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500502102 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500502102 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:85-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roman Krznaric Author-X-Name-First: Roman Author-X-Name-Last: Krznaric Title: The Limits on Pro-poor Agricultural Trade in Guatemala: Land, Labour and Political Power Abstract: The persistence of rural poverty in Guatemala since the early 1990s challenges the purported association between agricultural export growth and poverty alleviation. Lack of access to education, health and credit, and the historical legacies of land inequality, labour exploitation and ethnic discrimination, are preventing growth from reaching the rural poor. Most analyses, including the World Bank's recent 'Poverty in Guatemala' report, fail to consider how the economic and political power of the country's economic elite perpetuate and exacerbate poverty. A focus on two of Guatemala's most dynamic agro-export sectors — sugar and snow peas (mange-tout), both reputed to have had a significant impact on poverty alleviation — reveals the limits on pro-poor growth. Policy recommendations to promote pro-poor growth that are derived from the analysis include full implementation of the labour code, a national land-titling programme, and cultural programmes to change elite attitudes towards poverty and development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 111-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500502144 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880500502144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:111-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephan Klasen Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen Title: Guest Editor's Introduction Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600769080 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600769080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:145-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana Schuler Author-X-Name-First: Dana Author-X-Name-Last: Schuler Title: The Uses and Misuses of the Gender-related Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure: A Review of the Literature Abstract: The 1995 Human Development Report introduced two new measures of well-being: the Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The two indexes were created with the intention of attracting more attention to gender inequality issues. This paper first of all reviews the attention the indexes received in the publications of the United Nations Development Programme itself, concentrating on their use in national and subnational Human Development Reports. It also reviews how the two indexes were used in academia and the press. The main result of the review is that the GDI in particular seems to be a measure that is not used appropriately. In most cases of misuse, the GDI was wrongly interpreted as a measure of gender inequality. Due to the many misinterpretations, the potential policy impact the GDI and GEM can have seems limited. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gender inequality, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768496 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:161-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nancy Folbre Author-X-Name-First: Nancy Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre Title: Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy Abstract: How should “care” be defined and measured in ways that enhance our understanding of the impact of economic development on women? This paper addresses this question, suggesting several possible approaches to the development of indices that would measure gender differences in responsibility for the financial and temporal care of dependents. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 183-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Gender, Care, Empowerment, Dependents, Unpaid work, Time use, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768512 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:183-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvia Chant Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Author-X-Name-Last: Chant Title: Re-thinking the “Feminization of Poverty” in Relation to Aggregate Gender Indices Abstract: The “feminization of poverty” is often referred to without adequate specification or substantiation, and does not necessarily highlight aspects of poverty that are most relevant to women at the grassroots. The United Nations Development Programme's gender indices go some way to reflecting gendered poverty, but there is scope for improvement. In order to work towards aggregate indices that are more sensitive to gender gaps in poverty as identified and experienced by poor women, the main aims of this paper are two-fold. The first is to draw attention to existing conceptual and methodological weaknesses with the “feminization of poverty”, and to suggest how the construct could better depict contemporary trends in gendered privation. The second is to propose directions for the kinds of data and indicators that might be incorporated within the Gender-related Development Index or the Gender Empowerment Measure, or used in the creation of a Gendered Poverty Index. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 201-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Gender, Poverty, Feminization of poverty, Aggregate gender indices, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gendered Poverty Index, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768538 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:201-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanny Cueva Beteta Author-X-Name-First: Hanny Cueva Author-X-Name-Last: Beteta Title: What is missing in measures of Women's Empowerment? Abstract: This paper argues that the Gender Empowerment Measure is an incomplete and biased index on women's empowerment, which measures inequality among the most educated and economically advantaged and fails to include important non-economic dimensions of decision-making power both at the household level and over women's own bodies and sexuality. After addressing in more depth the relevance and limitations of existent and potential indicators on women's empowerment in the political and economic spheres, this paper identifies and assesses potential indicators in those spheres currently absent in the Gender Empowerment Measure (household and individual dimensions). Finally, the paper stresses that empowerment is not primarily an outcome, but a process; as such, there are elements enabling or limiting it, such as — but not limited to — the legal and regulatory framework. Considering this, the construction of a new aggregated measure on the Gender Empowerment Enabling Environment of countries is suggested. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 221-241 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Women in politics, Gender indicators, Empowerment, Gender Empowerment Measure, Enabling environment, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768553 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:221-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephan Klasen Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen Title: UNDP's Gender-related Measures: Some Conceptual Problems and Possible Solutions Abstract: This paper critically reviews conceptual and empirical problems issues with the United Nations Development Programme's two gender-related indicators: the Gender-related Development Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure. While supporting the need for gender-related development measures, the paper argues that there are serious conceptual and empirical problems with both measures that limit the usefulness of these composite indicators. Where appropriate and feasible, the paper suggests modifications to the measures that address some of the identified problems. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 243-274 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Gender, Well-being, Empowerment, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768595 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:243-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Geske Dijkstra Author-X-Name-First: A. Geske Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra Title: Towards a Fresh Start in Measuring Gender Equality: A Contribution to the Debate Abstract: Both the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) represent a “false start” in measuring gender equality. This is because they do not measure gender (in)equality as such, but an odd combination of absolute welfare levels and gender equality that is not easy to interpret. This note argues that the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report Office should take the lead in either constructing a new index for measuring gender equality or elaborating a revised GDI and revised GEM that do measure gender equality. Detailed recommendations are given for both possibilities on how this can be done, partly on the basis of a brief review of alternatives presented in the literature. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 275-283 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Gender equality, Human development, Measurement, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768660 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:275-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: Introduction: Diverse Voices and Conversations Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 291-298 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815867 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:291-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Fleurbaey Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Fleurbaey Title: Capabilities, Functionings and Refined Functionings Abstract: Sen's theory of capabilities is often presented as more comprehensive than an approach in terms of achievements (functionings) because it takes account of freedom and it contains at least as much information. This paper questions the last argument and argues that both kinds of consideration (freedom, comprehensive information) justify an approach in terms of refined functionings (an expression coined by Sen to describe the pair functionings-capabilities) rather than a pure capability approach. It briefly examines why achievements and not only opportunities may matter in social evaluation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 299-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Capability, Functioning, Equality, Justice, Opportunity, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815875 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:299-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wulf Gaertner Author-X-Name-First: Wulf Author-X-Name-Last: Gaertner Author-Name: Yongsheng Xu Author-X-Name-First: Yongsheng Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Title: Capability Sets as the Basis of a New Measure of Human Development Abstract: Human development is about much more than growth in real income. It is about expanding the choices human beings have to lead lives that they value. The potential choices and their expansion can be captured by capability sets that consist of various functioning vectors. The standard of living is then reflected in these capability sets. This paper proposes a particular way of measuring the standard of living available either to an individual or household or to a whole nation, when the direction of the development of society represented by a reference functioning vector is uncertain. The basis for our theoretical analysis is Lancaster's characteristics approach to consumer theory, which is combined with Sen's concept of functionings. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the measure that we propose. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Functionings, Capabilities, Lancaster's theory of characteristics, Standard of living, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815891 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815891 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:311-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Emma Samman Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Samman Title: Human Development: Beyond the Human Development Index Abstract: The well-known Human Development Index (HDI) encompasses only three rather basic aspects of human welfare. This paper aims to go beyond this, by identifying 11 categories of human development. We next propose plausible candidates as indicators of these categories. We then estimate correlations among the indicators within each category, discarding those that are highly correlated with others. This left 39 indicators to encompass the categories. Of these, eight indicators are highly correlated with the HDI and may therefore be represented by it. But 31 are not highly correlated, suggesting that a full assessment of human development requires a much broader set of indicators than the HDI alone. Following the same procedure, we find that under-five mortality rates perform equally as well as the HDI, and income per capita is less representative of other dimensions of human development. The HDI (and the other two broad indicators) are shown to be worse indicators of the extended categories of human development for OECD countries than for developing countries. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 323-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Human development, Economic growth, Comparative country studies, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815917 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:323-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juergen Volkert Author-X-Name-First: Juergen Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert Title: European Union Poverty Assessment: A Capability Perspective Abstract: This paper addresses the European Union's (EU) conceptual shift from a narrow income poverty perspective to a multidimensional approach that has explicitly been inspired by Amartya Sen's work. I briefly describe these changes and discuss challenges for today's EU income poverty indicators. Then I develop an approach that might more adequately fulfil the tasks of an income poverty measure within the capability approach. I explain why and how the analysis should be broadened from income poverty to capability deprivation. I also evaluate the current EU framework's suitability for an analysis of 'capability deprivation' and identify capability dimensions that have not (sufficiently) been addressed by the EU. Based on initial empirical studies, it is shown that broadening the perspective to a capability concept may yield substantial value-added and new insights. Before concluding I explain how to apply the Adequate-Methods-Approach developed in this paper to capability deprivation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 359-383 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Capabilities, Poverty, Amartya Sen, European Union, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815933 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:359-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Education and Democratic Citizenship: Capabilities and Quality Education Abstract: Public education is crucial to the health of democracy. Recent educational initiatives in many countries, however, focus narrowly on science and technology, neglecting the arts and humanities. They also focus on internalization of information, rather than on the formation of the student's critical and imaginative capacities. This article argues that such a narrow focus is dangerous for democracy's future. Drawing on the ideas of Rabindranath Tagore, the paper proposes a three-part model for the development of young people's capabilities through education, focusing on critical thinking, world citizenship, and imaginative understanding. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 385-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Education, Citizenship, Democracy, Tagore, Capabilities, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815974 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:385-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Solava Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Title: From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self-help Abstract: This paper emphasizes the importance of collectivities for human capabilities. Using the example of self-help, the paper demonstrates how the poor can act together to expand and exercise new 'collective capabilities'. The paper argues that the Capability Approach (CA), with its emphasis on freedoms and agency, is a suitable — however insufficient — conceptual framework for self-help analysis. It points out the limitations of the CA in capturing the interactive relationship between individual capabilities and social structures. To incorporate this 'collective' dimension within the CA, the paper re-emphasizes the intrinsic and instrumental value of social structures, explores the concepts of collective freedoms and collective agency, and compliments the CA with the literature on collective action, institutions and social capital into an integrated analytical framework for 'collective capabilities'. The paper finally operationalizes this framework through three case studies of self-help initiatives among the poor in Egypt. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-416 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2006 Keywords: Sen, Capability Approach, Self-help, Collective capabilities, Poverty, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815982 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:397-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desmond McNeill Author-X-Name-First: Desmond Author-X-Name-Last: McNeill Title: 'Human Development': The Power of the Idea Abstract: The idea of human development, and the related index, has been developed and promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) largely through its annual Human Development Reports. In recent years it has become more closely associated with the work of Amartya Sen. Initially, the concept formed an important part of the counter-discourse against the dominant perspective associated with the Bretton Woods Institutions. Since then, the policies and perspectives of both the UNDP and the World Bank have to some extent changed, and much has been built on the foundations of this concept — both by bureaucrats and academics. The aim of this paper is to critically assess this process. The paper draws a comparison with findings from the author's earlier research on a number of other influential ideas in development policy, such as 'social capital', and suggests that 'human development' has generally fared rather better. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Ideas, Policy, Distortion, Philosophy, Power, Politics, Amartya Sen, Mahbub ul Haq, Human development, Human Development Index, Human Development Report, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101366 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:5-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alpha Diedhiou Author-X-Name-First: Alpha Author-X-Name-Last: Diedhiou Title: Governance for Development: Understanding the Concept/Reality Linkages Abstract: As the search for the understanding of governance in the context of development goes on, this paper offers a way of looking at particulars of the concept, as well as the effects of empirical governance activities in the conceptual evolution of the term. The central argument is that the current governance framework has evolved to incorporate the values of various actors, notwithstanding the dominance of market values. Importantly, new trends in governance suggest a slow but increasing acceptance of the underlying principles of the current framework. The apparent evolution of the concept seems to reflect the process of increased interaction between actors and the sum total of their experiences. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 23-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Governance, Development, Framework, Trends, Evolution, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101390 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:23-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaya Krishnakumar Author-X-Name-First: Jaya Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnakumar Title: Going Beyond Functionings to Capabilities: An Econometric Model to Explain and Estimate Capabilities Abstract: Any attempt to operationalize the capability approach necessitates an adequate framework for the measurement of the abstract unobservable multidimensional concept that the term 'capability' stands for. One such attempt is the latent variable approach, which considers the different dimensions of capability or human development as unobserved variables (factors) manifesting themselves through measurable indicators. In this paper, we propose a structural equation econometric model that accounts for the interdependence among the latent dimensions and other observed endogenous factors and includes causal exogenous variables affecting the latent dimensions and their indicators. We estimate the model using data on a cross-section of countries across the world and use our empirical model to derive capability indicators in different dimensions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 39-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Human development, Capability approach, Latent variables, Item response, Simultaneous equations, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101408 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:39-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacques Poirot Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Poirot Title: La Contribution du Modele Europeen de Ville Durable au Developpement: Une Approche par les Capacites Abstract: Conscious of the deterioration of the urban environment, and anxious to promote sustainable development, concerned European actors, such as municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and companies, developed a new sustainable town model. Application of this model would lead to compact towns that favour functional mixing, are respectful of ecosystems and urban heritage, and are managed by socially responsible municipalities. These sustainable towns would contribute to extension of numerous freedoms that both constitute, and are instrumental for, development, thanks to a healthier environment and better access to urban services. Though inequalities between town-dwellers would be reduced, constraints imposed by the sustainable town model may at times limit traditional freedoms. These constraints should be accepted freely by urban actors within the framework of a participative democracy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 65-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101416 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:65-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. H. Suryanarayana Author-X-Name-First: M. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Suryanarayana Author-Name: Dimitri Silva Author-X-Name-First: Dimitri Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Title: Is Targeting the Poor a Penalty on the Food Insecure? Poverty and Food Insecurity in India Abstract: This paper seeks to verify the hypothesis that the set of food insecure is larger than the set of poor in India. Any attempt to reform safety nets like a food distribution programme by targeting it only to the latter would penalize those who are non-poor but food insecure. Towards this end, the paper attempts to: exemplify the issue with reference to measures and criteria for identifying the poor and food insecure; to estimate the incidence of poverty and food insecurity at the national and state levels; and to examine how far their magnitudes tally across states. This limited exercise shows that aggregate estimates of poverty and food insecurity broadly tally at the national level and for several states. The targeted public distribution system covers the majority of the food insecure who are poor, but excludes those sections/regions whose consumption patterns have changed by choice. This calls not for any income transfer but, if at all, for nutrition education programmes to influence consumer choice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 89-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Food insecurity, Poverty, Safety nets, Consumption patterns, Measures, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101457 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:89-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. B. Anand Author-X-Name-First: P. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Title: Capability, Sustainability, and Collective Action: An Examination of a River Water Dispute Abstract: In this paper, a framework is developed to consider collective action, sustainability and the capability approach with regard to resolution of water disputes, followed by a brief discussion of how identity can hinder cooperation or the development of universalism. This framework is then examined with a case study of the Cauvery river dispute in India. At the heart of river water disputes are issues related to justice and fairness, which depend to a significant extent on: how citizens perceive their claims over river water (shaped by cultural and historical factors); the extent to which citizens are able to collectivize their claims through location, economic activity and identity, and use their voice to influence the state; the extent to which the state policy and actions reflect the 'voice' and collective interests of different groups; and how the various riparian states recognize and deal with each others' claims. The framework discussed here suggests that the capability approach provides us with a much broader framework than collective action or Robert Solow's sustainability as inter-generational fairness. These are conjectures for further exploration. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 109-132 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: River waters, Collective action, Capability approach, Sustainability, Conflict resolution, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101465 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:109-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Apsan Author-X-Name-Last: Frediani Title: Amartya Sen, the World Bank, and the Redress of Urban Poverty: A Brazilian Case Study Abstract: While there is some suggestion of a re-orientation in the World Bank's income-cantered conceptualization of poverty to one based on Amartya Sen's concept of 'development as freedom', it is hard to uncover definitive evidence of such a re-orientation from a study of the Bank's urban programmes in Brazil. This paper attempts an application of Sen's capability approach to the problem of improving the urban quality of life, and contrasts it with the World Bank's approach, with specific reference to a typical squatter upgrading project in Novos Alagados in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 133-152 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Amartya Sen, World Bank, Poverty alleviation, Squatter settlements, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101473 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:133-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit Lallau Author-X-Name-First: Benoit Author-X-Name-Last: Lallau Title: Capacites et Gestion de l'Incertitude: Essai sur les Strategies des Maraichers de Kinshasa, Republique Democratique du Congo Abstract: L'interrogation centrale de cet article est la suivante: dans le - tres risque - contexte kinois, quelles sont les strategies mises en œuvre par les maraichers et que revelent ces strategies sur les capacites de ces derniers? Les deux premieres sections posent les bases conceptuelles de l'analyse, en placant la question des risques au cœur de l'approche par les capacites et en proposant une approche faisant des strategies des personnes un proxy acceptable de leurs capacites. Les troisieme et quatrieme sections confrontent cette discussion theorique aux donnees recueillies lors d'un travail de terrain mene dans trois perimetres maraichers de Kinshasa. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 153-173 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Capabilities approach, Vulnerability, Risk management, Urban agriculture, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101499 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:153-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Author-Name: Severine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: Severine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: Guest Editors' Introduction Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 179-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701370960 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701370960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:179-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jerome Ballet Author-X-Name-First: Jerome Author-X-Name-Last: Ballet Author-Name: Jean-Luc Dubois Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Dubois Author-Name: FranCois-Regis Mahieu Author-X-Name-First: FranCois-Regis Author-X-Name-Last: Mahieu Title: Responsibility for Each Other's Freedom: Agency as the Source of Collective Capability Abstract: This paper tries to extend Sen's capability approach by introducing the issues of personal responsibility and collective capability, in addition to those of individual capability and collective responsibility. In addressing the issue of the subject's responsibility, we turn to the phenomenological tradition. This approach uses the concept of the person rather than that of the individual. In the analytical philosophy tradition the individual is defined by a set of freedoms and capabilities. The phenomenological approach, in contrast, views the person as embedded in a network of social relationships that determine a set of rights and obligations. In most situations, personal obligations have to be satisfied before the person can move on to satisfy his/her rights and freedoms. This means that freedom is viewed as being derived from responsibility, thus inversing the order of the capability approach. The subject's responsibility becomes fundamental, and a part of the 'richness' of the person. Responsibility expresses the capability to feel and be responsible, not only ex-post (i.e. once freedom has been exercised), but also ex-ante, by the capacity to exercise self-constraint on a voluntary basis in order to satisfy one's obligations towards others. Within his or her structure of capabilities, the person has to manage the twofold interacting sets of freedoms and responsibilities during the decision-making process. When we consider the person's agency, introducing responsibility leads, via commitment and social interactions, to a stronger vision of agency. However, this vision, which includes responsibility and social interactions, generates a collective capability that can be represented by a structure composed of the various personal capability structures. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-201 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Agency, Collective capability, Person, Responsibility, Social sustainability, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371000 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:185-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinar Uyan-Semerci Author-X-Name-First: Pinar Author-X-Name-Last: Uyan-Semerci Title: A Relational Account of Nussbaum's List of Capabilities Abstract: Nussbaum's capabilities approach is based on a universalistic account of central human functionings. She claims that if central human capabilities are located within a particular kind of political liberalism, then they can become specific political goals and the object of an overlapping consensus among people who otherwise have very different comprehensive conceptions of the good. This paper reconsiders these arguments on the basis of fieldwork conducted among migrant women living in squatter settlements of Istanbul. By going through Nussbaum's list of central human capabilities, I elaborate their relevance in terms of the existing, stated and desired capabilities of these women. In doing so, I underline the importance of thinking about capabilities in relational terms and challenge the concept “autonomous agency”. I also demonstrate the (im)possibility of separating the political and non-political realms, particularly in issues regarding religion and family, and argue for the need to redefine the boundaries of the political within the capability framework. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 203-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Capabilities, Women, Agency, Political liberalism, Family, Religion, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371034 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:203-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Cleaver Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Cleaver Title: Understanding Agency in Collective Action Abstract: Participatory approaches to natural resource management encompass ideas about the desirability of citizens actively engaging in the institutions, policies and discourses that shape their access to resources. Underpinning such approaches are assumptions about the nature of human agency. Purposive individual action is seen as instrumentally desirable as well as potentially radical and transformatory. Through participation in collective resource management it is claimed that people can re-negotiate norms, challenge inequalities, claim their rights and extend their access. This paper draws on insights from theories of structuration, governmentality and gendered empowerment to explore understandings of how individual human agency shapes and is shaped by social relationships and institutions. It outlines six factors that constrain and enable the exercise of agency for different people; cosmologies, complex individual identities, the unequal interdependence of livelihoods, structure and voice, embodiment and emotionality. The paper concludes by considering some of the implications for research and development interventions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 223-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Participation, Agency, Natural resource management, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371067 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:223-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Tilly Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Tilly Title: Unequal Access to Scientific Knowledge Abstract: In the past, unequal control over such resources as coercive means, labour, animals, and land has caused the bulk of the world's inequality among social categories; in recent decades, unequal control over scientific knowledge has become an increasingly powerful cause of social inequality. Producers and distributors of scientific knowledge have strong incentives to withhold it from people who need it and to profit from its use. From that fact flow acute dilemmas for those who wish to spread the benefits of knowledge to the neediest. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 245-258 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Knowledge, Identity, Category, Inequality, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371133 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:245-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marianne Hill Author-X-Name-First: Marianne Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: Confronting Power through Policy: On the Creation and Spread of Liberating Knowledge Abstract: The expansion of capability opportunities is an underlying objective of the capability approach. However, related goals such as righting basic social inequities or correcting ecological imbalances require changes in social institutions and practices. Such change in turn rests on the creation and spread of liberating knowledge and practices. In this light, I argue that prospective analyses (i.e. analyses intended to result in concrete proposals for actions to enhance the functioning of society) require methodologies that will clarify the nature of liberating knowledge and the obstacles to its development and diffusion. Methodologies appropriate to the evaluation of the state of being or the capability to function of individuals are not sufficient for this task. Rather, methodologies are required that have been crafted for the study of social behaviour, ones that recognize the situated nature of knowledge and that work with insights from different standpoints. Such methodologies will facilitate analysis of social power in different institutional contexts and will clarify the process of the creation and spread of new social understandings and practices. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 259-282 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Power, Liberating knowledge, Standpoint, Social choice, Capability, Methodologies, Policy, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371158 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:259-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sony Pellissery Author-X-Name-First: Sony Author-X-Name-Last: Pellissery Author-Name: Sylvia I. Bergh Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia I. Author-X-Name-Last: Bergh Title: Adapting the Capability Approach to Explain the Effects of Participatory Development Programs: Case Studies from India and Morocco Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the linkages between democracy, participation, and inequality. It does so by situating the role of 'public scrutiny and debate' in Sen's work. It then draws on the literature on 'deliberative democracy' to show the linkages between requirements for (ideal, democratic) political participation and typologies of participation that have emerged in the development context. It finally links this discussion to concepts of power and inequality. Three case studies help to illustrate the use of this analytical framework. The Employment Guarantee Scheme case study from the Indian state of Maharashtra illustrates the effects of 'participation for material incentives' built on both 'hidden' and 'invisible power' structures. The Moroccan case study shows the potential for participatory approaches to deepen existing inequalities when certain pre-conditions for participation are not fulfilled, leading to 'hidden power' domination. The Kerala case study is an example for political participation that is built on 'visible' power strategies. Hence, this paper attempts to contribute to the discussion on the intended and unintended effects of participatory schemes by developing and applying a more comprehensive analytical framework. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 283-302 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Participation, Political freedom, Deliberative democracy, Power, Development projects, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371174 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:283-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Author-Name: Severin Abega Author-X-Name-First: Severin Author-X-Name-Last: Abega Title: The Political Complexity of Pro-poor Policy Processes in the Mandara Mountains, Cameroon Abstract: We give more conceptual flesh and bones to the interconnections between social structures and individual agency by focusing on the way in which the people(s) inhabiting the Mandara Mountains in Far North Province of Cameroon have been affected by pro-poor policy processes. We analyse the role of individual, collective and relational capabilities in such processes. The case-study points to: (i) the importance of tracing capability deprivations back to weak political agency, (ii) the sometimes ambiguous impact of participatory procedures, and (iii) the necessity to balance the 'what' and the 'how' questions in designing anti-poverty interventions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 303-323 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Political capabilities, Agency, Participation, Pro-poor policies, Cameroon, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371190 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:303-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: Introduction: Challenges and Debates Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 327-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701461983 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701461983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:327-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Liberty of Conscience: The Attack on Equal Respect Abstract: All modern nations face problems of religious toleration and respect. Examining the US constitutional tradition of religious free exercise and non-establishment, I argue that the core value in this tradition is that of equal respect for conscience, a value that militates against all governmentally-created hierarchies or 'in-groups.' I argue that this tradition is on the whole a helpful guide in thinking about such issues more generally. On the 'free exercise' side, I argue for a doctrine of 'accommodation' that gives dispensations from generally applicable laws on grounds of conscience. On the 'non-establishment' side, I look at issues of public displays, school prayer, and public funding, arguing that the key question is whether the policy in question makes a statement of endorsement or disendorsement, creating preferred and dispreferred classes of citizens. I conclude by examining the major threats to the tradition of equal respect. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 337-357 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Religion, Respect, Equality, Free exercise, Establishment, Constitution, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462023 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:337-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bina Agarwal Author-X-Name-First: Bina Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal Author-Name: Pradeep Panda Author-X-Name-First: Pradeep Author-X-Name-Last: Panda Title: Toward Freedom from Domestic Violence: The Neglected Obvious Abstract: Freedom is a key concept in Amartya Sen's definitions of capabilities and development. This paper focuses on a serious and neglected form of unfreedom — domestic violence — and argues that freedom from such violence must be integral to evaluating developmental progress. Conceptually, it notes that a person's well-being can depend not only on absolute measures of capabilities and functionings but also on relative capabilities and functionings within families; and this can even lead to perverse effects. A man married to a woman better employed than himself, for instance, may be irked by her higher achievement and physically abuse her, thus reducing her well-being achievement (e.g. by undermining her health) and her well-being freedom (e.g. by reducing her work mobility or social interaction). Empirically the paper focuses especially on a hitherto unexplored factor — a woman's property status — and demonstrates that owning a house or land significantly reduces her risk of marital violence. Employment, by contrast, unless it is regular, makes little difference. Immovable property provides a woman economic and physical security, enhances her self-esteem, and visibly signals the strength of her fall-back position and tangible exit option. It can both deter violence and provide an escape if violence occurs. Also unlike employment, property ownership is not found to be associated with perverse outcomes, in that a propertied woman married to a propertyless man is not subject to greater violence. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 359-388 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Domestic violence, Women's property status, Capabilities and functionings, Freedom, Well-being, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462171 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:359-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry S. Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: The Social Background of Capabilities for Freedoms Abstract: Martha Nussbaum has recently argued that “the language of capabilities … gives important precision and supplementation to the language of rights.” This claim raises the question whether the idea of capabilities, as she or as Amartya Sen has developed it, provides a basis for capturing or deriving basic liberties such as the liberty of employment or the freedom of movement. In this essay, I argue that the idea of capabilities is not useful in this way, because it cannot well capture the social, institutional, and deontic aspects of basic liberties. Sen's interpretation of capability is particularly limited in this regard, on account of its incorporation of the idea of dispositive freedom (the idea that someone's free choice will determine an outcome). While Nussbaum's interpretation of capability lacks that limitation, it lacks a way of modeling the kind of guaranteed social status of which basic liberties consist. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 389-414 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Capabilities, Liberties, Freedom, Sen, Nussbaum, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462213 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462213 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:389-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert Title: Capabilities and Satisfaction with Life Abstract: I argue that the rapidly growing happiness literature raises an important challenge for the capability approach. Its results suggest that it has become possible to measure subjective well-being and to compare its value for different persons. Moreover, if one accepts that the opinions of the people concerned should play some role in the evaluation of the trade-offs between different dimensions of well-being, the information about what makes people feel 'more satisfied with their life as a whole' seems relevant within the capability approach. However, for a non-welfarist, it is necessary to 'clean' the happiness measure to separate the 'ethically' relevant information from the irrelevant noise. I suggest that the introduction of some ideas and concepts from the theory of responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism is a promising method to reinterpret the happiness results. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 415-430 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Capability, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462239 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:415-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Crocker Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Crocker Title: Deliberative Participation in Local Development Abstract: In this paper I aim to improve the theory and practice of participation in local, grassroots, or micro-development initiatives. First, I classify weaker and stronger types of participation and, in relation to these accounts, I propose and explain an ideal of deliberative participation derived from the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. Second, in relation to these types of participation and especially the deliberative ideal, I evaluate Sabina Alkire's recent efforts, in Valuing Freedoms: Sen's Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction, to apply Sen's theory to micro-projects. Although I find much to approve of in her approach to grassroots participation, I argue that it could be strengthened by features of deliberative participation. Third, I analyze and rebut three charges leveled against Sen's democratic turn, deliberative democracy, and deliberative participation — namely, these allied accounts are flawed by too much indeterminacy, too little autonomy, and insufficient realism with respect to asymmetries of power. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 431-455 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Participation, Agency, Deliberative participation, Deliberative democracy, Capability approach, Asymmetry of power, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462379 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462379 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:431-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharath Srinivasan Author-X-Name-First: Sharath Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan Title: No Democracy without Justice: Political Freedom in Amartya Sen's Capability Approach Abstract: Amartya Sen has critiqued theories of justice in the liberal tradition for not focusing on actual human living and failing to be truly egalitarian. However, in the absence of a theoretical approach of his own that comprehensively links capabilities and social justice, others have criticised him for not telling us exactly which capabilities should be guaranteed for all citizens in a 'just' society. Sen's 'silence' on the substantive content of an account of justice is due in large measure to his stringent emphasis on plurality, agency and choice; he turns to democratic processes that allow for public reasoning and social choice to attend to judgements about justice. Yet this critical role for democracy is undermined in Sen's elaboration in the absence of requirements of justice that would protect democracy's fair and effective functioning in a manner consistent with capability egalitarianism. There is need for a fuller account of justice concerning actual opportunities for political participation than is available so far in Sen's work, one that protects equality of substantive political freedom seen properly in the perspective of capabilities, not merely civil liberties and political rights. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 457-480 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capability Approach, Justice, Democracy, Political freedom, Political equality, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462395 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:457-480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach, 2006-2007 Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 481-486 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701469523 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701469523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:481-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorenzo Cotula Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo Author-X-Name-Last: Cotula Title: The Property Rights Challenges of Improving Access to Water for Agriculture: Lessons from the Sahel Abstract: In the Sahel, efforts have been made to improve access to water for agriculture through the creation of irrigation schemes and pastoral water points. In the past, decisions on the construction and operation of these water facilities were typically based on hydrological and technical factors alone, while issues concerning who has right over what before and after the water development project have often been neglected. However, if these issues are not properly addressed, water development projects can foster disputes, undermine the security of resource rights, and contribute to resource degradation. Drawing on the analysis of relevant legislation, on a literature review and on original fieldwork, this paper tackles the property rights issues raised by the creation and operation of irrigation schemes and pastoral water points, focusing on four Sahelian countries: Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa, Sahel, Water, Agriculture, Land rights, Water rights, Legal frameworks, Property rights, Pastoralism, Farming, Wells, Irrigation, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811351 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:5-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Marcus Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Marcus Author-Name: Joseph Onjala Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Onjala Title: Exit the State: Decentralization and the Need for Local Social, Political, and Economic Considerations in Water Resource Allocation in Madagascar and Kenya Abstract: This paper focuses on the iconoclasticism of water as a plentiful resource and the near universalization of decentralizing institutions to manage it. The authors explore two agro-pastoral regions — Ambovombe District (Madagascar) and Tana River District (Kenya) — and consider institutional change, particularly the disengaging state, the lack of fiscal and administrative support throughout decentralization, community responses, and informal private markets. This paper concludes that decentralization holds the potential to increase accountability of the resource management process, improve governance and leadership accountability, and maximize the resource in a sustainable fashion. However, what we are seeing instead through the process of decentralization are the states exiting from the water governance process too rapidly and without concern for the culturally embedded social and economic norms, and the growing gap between new institutions and the needs, desires, and capacity of participants in the new systems. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 23-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Africa, Madagascar, Kenya, Water, Decentralization, Governance, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811385 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:23-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Meinzen-Dick Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Meinzen-Dick Author-Name: Claudia Ringler Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Ringler Title: Water Reallocation: Drivers, Challenges, Threats, and Solutions for the Poor Abstract: With rapid growth in demand for water, the resource is increasingly being transferred from agriculture to cities and industries. This paper examines trends and expected future changes in sectoral water demand, which drive water transfers. It then describes alternative mechanisms for water reallocation, including administrative reallocation, market-based reallocation, collective negotiation, and other means, including combinations of mechanisms, and illegal transfers. Transfer mechanisms and implications for rural livelihoods and the environment are illustrated for case studies in the western United States and Asia. The paper concludes with a series of suggestions for alternative policies and institutions for reallocation that could help reduce adverse consequences for the poor. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 47-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Water reallocation, Water scarcity, Water demand, Urbanization, Market-based reallocation, Collective negotiation, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811393 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:47-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johannes Jutting Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Jutting Author-Name: Christian Morrisson Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Morrisson Author-Name: Jeff Dayton-Johnson Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Dayton-Johnson Author-Name: Denis Drechsler Author-X-Name-First: Denis Author-X-Name-Last: Drechsler Title: Measuring Gender (In)Equality: The OECD Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Abstract: The Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base (GID-DB) is a new cross-country research tool with comprehensive measures of gender equality. It improves upon existing sources because it is the only data base on gender that systematically incorporates indicators of social norms, traditions and family law. The GID-DB thereby permits analysis of hypotheses that link cultural practices to gender equality, human development and economic growth. A cross-country comparison of the data indicates that inequalities in social institutions are particularly pronounced in countries with low female literacy rates, but correlate less strongly with Gross Domestic Product per capita. Similarly, our econometric analysis suggests a clearly negative correlation between gender inequality of the OECD Development Center and women's labor-force participation.*The views expressed in this article are the personal opinions of the authors Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 65-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811401 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:65-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inaki Permanyer Author-X-Name-First: Inaki Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer Title: On the Measurement of Gender Equality and Gender-related Development Levels Abstract: The aim of this paper is, first, to present an overall development index corrected for gender differences — the 'Multidimensional Gender-related Development Index' (MGDI) — which can be viewed as an alternative to the Gender-related Development Index. Secondly, to present a 'Multidimensional Gender Equality Index' (MGEI) that is not influenced by overall development levels. The new MGDI and MGEI are intended to overcome some of the shortcomings that characterize both the United Nations Development Programme's gender-related indices — the Gender-related Development and the Gender Empowerment Measure — and other indices that try to measure gender inequality by itself. This is accomplished through an innovative approach in which we first outline the theoretical properties of a reasonable gender equality measure and an overall development index corrected for gender differences, and then present an appropriate measure that contains all those properties at the same time. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 87-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Gender-related Development Index, Gender Equality Index, Measurement, Absolute and relative differences, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811427 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:87-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satya Chakravarty Author-X-Name-First: Satya Author-X-Name-Last: Chakravarty Author-Name: Amita Majumder Author-X-Name-First: Amita Author-X-Name-Last: Majumder Title: Millennium Development Goals: Measuring Progress towards their Achievement Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals are time-bound quantified targets for improving the human condition from different perspectives. Within each Goal several targets have been set, and to each target there corresponds one or more indicators. For each indicator we axiomatically characterize an index of perceived progress towards reaching the Goals such that it can be used for monitoring progress. We also present a composite index of progress, which allows the calculation of percentage contributions of progress made in different dimensions. This, in turn, enables us to identify the dimensions for which more progress is required, which is important from a policy perspective. We also provide an empirical illustration of the proposed indices using cross-country data for different indicators. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 109-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Targets, Indicators, Axioms, Indices, Characterization, Illustration, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811435 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:109-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Wall Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Wall Author-Name: Deborah Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Title: Counting Heads or Counting Televisions: Can Asset-based Measures of Welfare Assist Policy-makers in Russia? Abstract: There has been a vigorous debate about poverty measurement in Russia, where both the poverty line and poverty data have been subject to criticism. We outline some of the issues raised and discuss the use of an alternative welfare measure based on household assets. Asset indices have mostly been constructed for low-income countries, supported by two arguments: first, the asset index appears to have a number of empirical advantages in terms of data collection; and second, it may be better at capturing long-term welfare than either income or expenditure data. We show that the asset index approach is useful in Russia, and may present policy-makers with a superior means of determining household welfare. However, our discussion raises a number of methodological issues that must be confronted by those constructing asset indices. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 131-147 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Asset index, Poverty, Russia, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811468 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:131-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Hodgett Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgett Title: Sen, Culture and Expanding Participatory Capabilities in Northern Ireland Abstract: Sen has suggested that it is a person's overall freedom that influences their opportunity to have valuable outcomes to their lives, and that this proves important to the whole society's development. It is also a “principal determinant of individual initiative and social effectiveness”. This paper investigates whether Sen's ideas on human flourishing can assist in explaining the realization of European Structural Policy in Northern Ireland and the implementation of a local Community Infrastructure to support the third sector. The paper explores Sen's ideas on cultural liberty and cultural captivity in the building of capabilities and functionings. It applies them in the context of Northern Ireland during a time of economic difficulty and civil unrest. The paper outlines how Sen's theories help illuminate the process of policy evolution on development within this part of the European Union and the application of policy to practice. The article offers some insights into how such international interventions assisted in building the Northern Ireland peace process. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 165-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Cultural liberty and captivity, Participant democracy, Quality of life, European Union, Public policy, Human development, Hermeneutical frameworks, Well-being, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078728 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:165-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brian Maddox Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Maddox Title: What Good is Literacy? Insights and Implications of the Capabilities Approach Abstract: The capabilities approach has consistently promoted literacy as an important social entitlement, a key determinant of well-being and a goal of human development. This significance of literacy is reflected in the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Nevertheless, as Martha Nussbaum highlights, adult literacy statistics are a pervasive reminder of social inequality and capability deprivation on a global scale. This paper examines the insights into literacy provided by the Capabilities Approach, and the distinctive rationale that it provides for supporting adult literacy programmes. The article begins by discussing the place of literacy in human development, and the work of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. In so doing, the paper examines the intrinsic value of literacy as a good, and its instrumental role in enhancing wider capabilities. The discussion is then extended in relation to ethnographic examples drawn from fieldwork in Bangladesh. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Capabilities, Ethnography, Human development, Literacy, Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Bangladesh, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078736 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:185-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Parra Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Parra Title: Quality of Life Markets: Capabilities and Corporate Social Responsibility Abstract: This paper proposes an alternative understanding of Sen's Capabilities Approach that views capabilities as constantly evolving due to the permanent phenomenological re-construction of an individual's beings and doings, making apparent the potential link between human development and evolutionary economics. In addition, I discuss an example of how this alternative understanding may be put into practice in a Corporate Social Responsibility context for the sake of knowledge growth. In doing so, I attempt to lay the foundations for what could be labeled a 'Quality of Life Market', where quality-of-life improvements are transacted, at market-determined prices, advancing and promoting the core business of private firms, while empowering individuals to live lives they have reason to value. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 207-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Capabilities, Knowledge, Corporate Social Responsibility, Market-based solutions, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078751 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:207-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Schischka Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Schischka Author-Name: Paul Dalziel Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Dalziel Author-Name: Caroline Saunders Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders Title: Applying Sen's Capability Approach to Poverty Alleviation Programs: Two Case Studies Abstract: This research investigated whether Sen's Capability Approach could be applied to two very different programs for human development. The first case study involved a poverty alleviation program based around community gardens in a low-income neighborhood of a moderately sized city in New Zealand. The second was a self-help development project for village women in the Pacific Island nation of Samoa. Sixteen focus groups of participants in the two programs were able to describe significant changes in their capabilities, not only as a result of learning new skills but also as a result of discovering capabilities they already had that could be valuable in creating new opportunities for themselves. This last result is consistent with Sen's emphasis on the importance of participant agency in development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 229-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Capability Approach, Focus groups, Samoa, New Zealand, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078777 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:229-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Whitworth Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Whitworth Author-Name: Michael Noble Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Noble Title: A Safety Net without Holes: An Argument for a Comprehensive Income Security System for South Africa Abstract: Calls for a comprehensive income security policy are common in South Africa, frequently in the form of a basic income grant. These arguments tend to draw on two broad sets of literature that, although arguing to the same ends, are not usually combined or interrelated. First, there are analyses setting out the social and economic benefits of such a policy, focusing particularly on arguments of economic efficiency and affordability. Second, there has been much theoretical and normative work arguing (particularly) in favour of a basic income grant or other form of citizen's income. In this paper we aim to connect these literatures and to identify the most appropriate theoretical and normative justification for a comprehensive income security 'safety net' for South Africa. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 247-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Comprehensive social security, Basic income grant, Social protection, citizenship, Human needs, Human development, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078793 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:247-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Narayana Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Narayana Title: Intensifying Infant Mortality Inequality in India and a Reversal by Policy Intervention Abstract: The adverse sex ratio, a feature of India, is an outcome of two forms of inequality; natal inequality through sex-selective abortion, and mortality inequality. The analysis of trends in mortality inequality at the infant stage, which is the subject of this paper, in the rural and urban areas of 15 major Indian states reveals that overall mortality inequality has intensified. This is particularly the case in the developed states, accounting for a large proportion of the foregone reduction in the infant mortality rate. However, the trend in Tamil Nadu state points to a reversal in mortality inequality in recent years on account of multi-pronged policy interventions by the state government, which are aimed at protecting the girl child. The political-will of the party in power during 1991-1996 and 2001-2006 in Tamil Nadu points the way for the rest of the nation, and is possibly the way for India to achieve the Millennium Development Goal with respect to the infant mortality rate. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 265-281 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Infant mortality rate, Natal inequality, Mortality inequality, Sex ratio, Girl child protection, Cradle baby scheme, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078801 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:265-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cecilia Ann Winters Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Title: Institution Building in Haiti: An Assessment of the Interim Cooperation Framework 2004-2006 Abstract: This paper has a dual objective: it is a country case study and a policy evaluation within the background of the Interim Cooperation Framework 2004-2006, a document produced by an international delegation including the World Bank, United Nations, European Commission and Inter-American Development Bank with Haiti's interim government to forge a consensus on the amelioration of Haiti's crisis following the premature departure of President Aristide in February 2004. An underlying theme is that the Interim Cooperation Framework also reflects the World Bank's embrace of the 'new institutionalism' and its applied policy dimension. The paper posits that the critical governance and institutional issues that largely motivated the report are not encompassed by economic theory alone. Given Haiti's history, the new institutional approach would not provide a real point of departure unless fundamental changes were to take place. These include, but are not limited to, resolving the conflict between the peasantry and the state apparatus, addressing conflicts of interest among the heterogeneous ruling class of merchants, politicians, religious entities and large landowners, and curtailing adverse foreign interference. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 283-303 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Interim Cooperation Framework, Institutionalism, Hysteresis, Market liberalization, Haiti, Economic development, International community, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078827 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:283-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Introduction: Landmarks and Direction-posts Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 325-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236516 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:325-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khadija Haq Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Haq Title: Amartya Sen and Mahbub ul Haq: A Friendship that Continues beyond Life Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 329-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236524 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:329-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amartya Sen Author-X-Name-First: Amartya Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: The Idea of Justice Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 331-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236540 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:331-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kwame Anthony Appiah Author-X-Name-First: Kwame Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Appiah Title: Bending towards Justice Abstract: This paper analyzes the concept of identity developed by Amartya Sen in recent work, especially in the book Identity and Violence. It discusses the relationship between identity and solidarity, arguing that the former is necessary but by no means sufficient for the latter, so that, contra what Sen sometimes suggests, identities are not simply forms of solidarity. It then argues that Sen's account is both morally and methodologically individualist — which seems right — and that it is also correct in seeing identities as, in a certain sense, normative. But it then shows that his account is also rationalist, in treating identity as grounding reasons for thinking and acting, and that this leaves out the important role of non-rational factors in the social and political mobilization of identity. This means that some of Sen's policy proposals, while helpful, will not deal with some serious cases where identity leads to political violence. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 343-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Identity, Individualism (moral), Individualism (methodological), Muslims, Rationality, Solidarity, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236557 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:343-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: The Clash Within: Democracy and the Hindu Right Abstract: The Gujarat pogrom of 2002 is evidence of a profound crisis in India's democracy. Samuel P. Huntington's influential thesis of the 'clash of civilizations,' according to which the world is torn between democratic western values and threatening Islamic values, gives no help in explaining the situation, since the threatening values of the Hindu Right derive largely from European origins and are being used to threaten innocent Muslim civilians. I argue that the real 'clash of civilization' is the clash within every modern society between those who are prepared to live with people who differ, on terms of equal respect, and those who seek the comfort of a single 'pure' ethno-religious ideology. At a deeper level, the 'clash' is internal to each human being, as fear and aggression contend against compassion and respect. Policy-makers eager to promote the victory of respect over violence can learn from the case of India, where a wise institutional structure and a genuinely free press are major assets in resisting the call to hate. On the other hand, India's current lack of emphasis on critical thinking in the schools, and its lack after Gandhi's death of a public culture of compassion to counter the Hindu Right's culture of humiliated, warlike masculinity, sound warning notes for the future. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 357-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: India, Gujarat, Hindu Right, Muslims, Huntington, Golwalkar, Savarkar, Respect, Compassion, Democracy, Clash of civilizations, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236565 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:357-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hilary Putnam Author-X-Name-First: Hilary Author-X-Name-Last: Putnam Title: Capabilities and Two Ethical Theories Abstract: The present paper examines two currently popular approaches to ethical theory — namely, 'Expressivism' (also known as 'emotivism' and 'non-cognitivism') and contemporary forms of 'Kantianism' — and argues that neither provides a suitable foundation for the capabilities approach. Two philosophers are discussed in some detail — Simon Blackburn, as a leading representative of Expressivism, and Thomas Scanlon, as a leading representative of 'Kantianism' — but the views of Habermas also come under some scrutiny. The paper ends by advocating a view close to that of John Dewey. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 377-388 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Simon Blackburn, John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Thomas Scanlon, Democracy, Entanglement, Expressivism, Fallibilism, Kantianism, Positivism, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236581 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:377-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wulf Gaertner Author-X-Name-First: Wulf Author-X-Name-Last: Gaertner Title: Individual Rights versus Economic Growth Abstract: Should human beings who have been granted basic rights be allowed to bargain them away? In some countries, most prominently in China, special export zones exist where workers are required to give up several of their rights in order to be employed. Are there serious objections to such renouncements? The first part of this paper discusses some of the pros and cons. In the second part, the results of a questionnaire experiment are reported where the students were asked to evaluate a situation where the reinstatement of basic human rights had to be weighed against an aid programme of economic reconstruction leading to growth and greater efficiency. As far as German students are concerned, the issue of exercising basic rights has lost quite a bit of its original support over a period of roughly 15 years. Results from other European nations are also reported. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 389-400 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Individual rights, Social choice, Questionnaire experiments, Economic efficiency, Growth, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236607 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:389-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breena Holland Author-X-Name-First: Breena Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Title: Ecology and the Limits of Justice: Establishing Capability Ceilings in Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach Abstract: Human impacts on large-scale ecological interactions effectively confer fundamental advantages of wealth and power to some members of society and not to others. As illustrated here by reference to a 1993 cholera outbreak resulting from degradation of aquatic ecosystems, these impacts can pose barriers to the normal channels through which one might pursue individual advantage, thereby raising tensions for liberal theories of justice that are committed both to basic liberties and to distributive fairness. I first illustrate these tensions by reference to John Rawls's theory. I then argue that although Nussbaum's theory, which emerged in dialogue with Rawls's, improves upon it in this regard, it remains subject to the same basic tensions. Instituting 'capability ceilings' that impose a limit on the set of basic opportunities available to people would help resolve this tension. Thus, in addition to Nussbaum's proposal for establishing capability thresholds, I defend capability ceilings as a friendly amendment to her theory. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 401-425 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: John Rawls, Martha Nussbaum, Justice, Capabilities, Environmental justice, Ecosystems, Political liberalism, Value conflict, Habitat change, Resource inequality, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236631 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:401-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Manuel Roche Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Roche Title: Monitoring Inequality among Social Groups: A Methodology Combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Principal Component Analysis Abstract: The present paper contributes to operationalizing the Capability Approach by proposing a methodology for the design of sets of indicators for monitoring inequality among social groups based on census and household surveys. The result is a set of indicators and synthetic indices that can be disaggregated by social groups, in a way that allows the monitoring of inequalities in the overall achievement either of fundamental rights or of specific rights. The methodology combines the heuristic power of Principal Component Analysis in offering empirical evidence for the aggregation of indicators with the operational advantage of Fuzzy Set Theory for their final design and measurement. The paper emphasizes the complementarities of these statistical techniques. The methodology is illustrated by the design of a set of indicators for monitoring housing adequacy in the Venezuelan context. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 427-452 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Capabilities, Groups, Social inequality, Human rights, Monitoring, Fuzzy Set Theory, Principal Component Analysis, Factor analysis, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236706 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:427-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Title: Denis Goulet and the Project of Development Ethics: Choices in Methodology, Focus and Organization Abstract: Denis Goulet (1931-2006) was a pioneer of human development theory and a founder of work on 'development ethics' as a self-conscious field that treats the ethical and value questions posed by development theory, planning, and practice. The present paper looks at aspects of Goulet's work in relation to four issues concerning this project of development ethics — scope, methodology, roles, and organizational format and identity. It compares his views with subsequent trends in the field and suggests lessons for work on human development. While his definition of the scope of development ethics remains serviceable, his methodology of intense immersion by a 'development ethicist' in each context under examination was rewarding but limited by the time and skills it requires and a relative disconnection from communicable theory. He wrote profoundly about ethics' possible lines of influence, including through incorporation in methods, movements and education, but his own ideas wait to be sufficiently incorporated. He proposed development ethics as a new (sub)discipline, yet the immersion in particular contexts and their routine practices that is required for understanding and influence must be by people who remain close to specific disciplinary and professional backgrounds. Development ethics has to be, he eventually came to accept, not a distinct (sub)discipline but an interdisciplinary field. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 453-474 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2008 Keywords: Development ethics, Denis Goulet, Human development, Interdisciplinarity, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236755 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:453-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tania Burchardt Author-X-Name-First: Tania Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt Title: Agency Goals, Adaptation and Capability Sets Abstract: 'Agency goals' play an important role in Sen's capability approach. They are an acknowledgement that individuals aspire to achieve objectives other than their own immediate well-being. This article argues that using agency goal achievement as a basis for evaluating inequality or disadvantage is problematic. In particular, one of the principal charges against utilitarianism made by capability theorists — that based on adaptation or conditioned expectations — can be made with equal force and validity against a metric based on agency goals. The argument is illustrated using survey data on the educational and occupational aspirations of a cohort of young people in Britain. The article concludes that the conventional cross-sectional, objective, definition of a capability set needs to be broadened. Only if the capability set from which agency goals are formed and the capability set within which they are pursued are evaluated can we begin to properly assess substantive freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 3-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Capability sets, Agency goals, Conditioned expectations, Adaptation, Aspirations, Autonomy, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675044 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:3-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Clark Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Adaptation, Poverty and Well-Being: Some Issues and Observations with Special Reference to the Capability Approach and Development Studies Abstract: The idea that people adapt to poverty and deprivation by suppressing their wants, hopes and aspirations has gained a lot of currency in development ethics. While the 'adaptation problem' is often cited as one of the primary arguments for abandoning utility-based concepts of well-being in favor of the capability approach, it also has serious implications for the capability approach and development studies generally. These implications are not normally discussed or acknowledged in the well-being and development literature. Fortunately for development studies, the available evidence suggests that adaptation is not ubiquitous. Moreover, where adaptation occurs, there is some evidence to suggest that it takes a different — and far less damaging — form than the type discussed in work on human well-being and development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 21-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Adaptation, Aspirations, Capability, Democracy and participation, Human values, Paternalism, Poverty and human development, Utility and well-being, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675051 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:21-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamsin Bradley Author-X-Name-First: Tamsin Author-X-Name-Last: Bradley Title: Physical Religious Spaces in the Lives of Rajasthani Village Women: Ethnographic Study and Practice of Religion in Development Abstract: This article explores the positive contribution a focus on physical religious spaces makes to development practice. By taking an ethnographic approach in studying religious spaces it is possible for practitioners of development to understand the values and beliefs of adherents, which can help them forge closer, more empathetic relationships with local people. This approach is particularly useful in listening to the experiences of marginalized groups whose views are more quietly voiced. An example is given of a group of Hindu women who shared stories of domestic violence within a ritual space they created for this purpose. A faith-based development organization offered the women a secure environment to perform this ritual. This same faith-based development organization used religious spaces in their daily practice as sites for communication with local communities and personal reflection. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 43-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Ritual, Hinduism, Women, Rajasthan, Development, Empowerment, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675135 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:43-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: Poverty Measurement in the Presence of a 'Group-Affiliation' Externality Abstract: This paper considers the implications for poverty measurement of the observed fact that any individual's level of deprivation is a function not only of his own income, but of the general level of prosperity of the group to which he is affiliated. Individual deprivation functions are specialized to a form that reflects this 'group-affiliation' externality, and the resulting poverty measure is studied with respect to its properties, and its implications for poverty rankings. Mainstream approaches to measuring deprivation tend to neglect group-related externalities in favour of a certain thorough-going 'individualism'. This paper is a preliminary attempt at filling this gap. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 63-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Grouping, Affiliation, Externality, Poverty, Inequality, Axiomatics, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675168 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:63-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Gondard-Delcroix Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Gondard-Delcroix Title: Risque, Pluriactivite Rurale et Dynamiques de Pauvrete en Milieu Rural Malgache Abstract: A Madagascar, l'ampleur des inegalites entre milieux urbain et rural necessite de mettre en œuvre des politiques de developpement ciblees sur le milieu rural. En s'interessant a l'analyse de la diversification des activites, l'article tend a demontrer que la seule relance de la croissance en milieu rural (par une hausse des rendements agricoles et un desenclavement) est susceptible de n'avoir qu'un impact limite sur la pauvrete persistante. En effet, tous les menages n'ont pas la possibilite de profiter des opportunites nouvelles offertes par la croissance et les menages les plus demunis, caracterises par des ressources limitees, risquent d'etre durablement exclus. L'analyse montre que les menages les moins bien dotes en ressources sont incapables de mettre en œuvre les formes de diversification des activites qui protegent de la pauvrete et sont au contraire contraints a s'engager dans des formes de diversifications associees a la pauvrete durable. In Madagascar, the inequality gap between urban and rural areas requires the implementation of rural-specific development policies. By analysing the diversification of activities, this paper strives to demonstrate that only reviving growth in rural areas (through an increase of agricultural yields and opening up the area) would have a limited impact on the persisting poverty. In fact, not all households have the possibility to take advantage of new opportunities provided by growth and the most deprived households, which have limited resources, risk being excluded permanently. The analysis shows that the households with fewer resources are incapable of implementing the forms of activity diversification that protect from poverty and on the contrary are constrained to engage in forms of diversification associated with permanent poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 77-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Pluriactivite, Pauvrete chronique, Pauvrete transitoire, Madagascar, Milieu rural, Risk, Income Diversification, Poverty, Poverty Dynamics, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Madagascar, Rural Areas, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675275 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:77-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nancy Thede Author-X-Name-First: Nancy Author-X-Name-Last: Thede Title: Decentralization, Democracy and Human Rights: A Human Rights-based Analysis of the Impact of Local Democratic Reforms on Development Abstract: This article is situated at the intersection of the debates over the role of democracy in enhancing development and regarding human rights-based approaches to development. Decentralization acts as a lens through which the interaction of democratization, development, and human rights can be analysed in concrete local contexts. The analysis presented here, of the impact of decentralization in seven developing countries on local political participation and on the quality of enjoyment of education and health as economic and social rights, illustrates some of the limits of the democratization process, and the policy relevance of a rights-based approach to this process. By approaching decentralization as an eminently political process, I will attempt to gauge whether or not the process potentially contributes to addressing the limits of democratization, particularly as concerns problems of exclusion. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 103-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Decentralization, Democratization, Human rights, Local development, Local services, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675317 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:103-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Anand Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Graham Hunter Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter Author-Name: Ian Carter Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Carter Author-Name: Keith Dowding Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Dowding Author-Name: Francesco Guala Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Guala Author-Name: Martin Van Hees Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Van Hees Title: The Development of Capability Indicators Abstract: This paper is motivated by sustained interest in the capabilities approach to welfare economics combined with the paucity of economic statistics that measure capabilities at the individual level. Specifically, it takes a much discussed account of the normatively desirable capabilities constitutive of a good life, argued to be comprehensive at a high level of abstraction, and uses it to operationalize the capabilities approach by developing a survey instrument to elicit information about capabilities at the individual level. The paper explores the extent to which these capabilities are covariates of a life satisfaction measure of utility and investigates aspects of robustness and subgroup differences using standard socio-demographic variables as well as a relatively novel control for personality. In substantial terms, we find there is some evidence of quantitative, but no qualitative, gender and age differences in the capabilities-life satisfaction relationship. Furthermore, we find that indicators from a wide range of life domains are linked to life satisfaction, a finding that supports multi-dimensional approaches to poverty and the non-materialist view that people do not just value financial income per se. Our most important contribution, however, is primarily methodological and derives from the demonstration that, within the conventions of household and social surveys, human capabilities can be measured with the aid of suitably designed statistical indicators. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 125-152 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Capabilities, Measurement, Advantage, Multi-dimensional welfare indicators, Human development, Welfare, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Personality controls, Gender differences, Age differences, X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675366 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802675366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:125-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serene Khader Author-X-Name-First: Serene Author-X-Name-Last: Khader Title: Adaptive Preferences and Procedural Autonomy Abstract: Capabilities theorists hold that adaptive preference (APs) are problematically shaped by deprivation, and that they thus merit public interrogation. However, it is unclear what differentiates APs from preferences worthy of public respect. Thinking of APs as procedurally non-autonomous promises grounds on which to distinguish them without compromising respect for moral pluralism. Using examples from gender and development practice, I argue that — despite the appeal of this route — there are deep problems with thinking of APs as non-autonomous. Conceptions of APs as non-autonomous do not identify APs in a way consistent with our intuitions and fail to provide appropriate practical guidance to public institutions interested in interrogating APs. I suggest in the conclusion that identifying APs requires a theory of the good. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 169-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Adaptive preferences, Autonomy, Capabilities approach, Martha Nussbaum, Development ethics, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940851 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902940851 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:169-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Celia Lessa Kerstenetzky Author-X-Name-First: Celia Lessa Author-X-Name-Last: Kerstenetzky Author-Name: Larissa Santos Author-X-Name-First: Larissa Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Title: Poverty as Deprivation of Freedom: The Case of Vidigal Shantytown in Rio de Janeiro Abstract: This article applies the concept of poverty as insufficiency of basic capabilities in measuring living conditions of residents of a favela (shantytown) in Rio de Janeiro, the Vidigal favela. For this purpose, we develop a methodology to operationalize the capability approach. Our choice of this approach is justified by a perceived discrepancy between the ordinary judgments of the people of Rio de Janeiro, who generally regard favela dwellers as poor, and those of poverty experts, who believe that favela dwellers cannot be considered (income) poor on average. Our results show that while favela inhabitants may not be income poor, they are nonetheless very poor in freedom. Living in a favela by itself imposes a sizable discount on people's functionings. In addition, violence between drug gangs and between gangs and police, a common feature of Rio's favelas, interferes negatively with people's well-being and opportunities for collective action, in such a way that even the traditional social capital often considered a peculiar form of wealth of favela dwellers is being eroded by it. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 189-211 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Poverty, Capability approach, Favela, Rio de Janeiro, Social capital, Index of freedom, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940893 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902940893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:189-211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Longshore Smith Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Longshore Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Carolina Seward Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Author-X-Name-Last: Seward Title: The Relational Ontology of Amartya Sen's Capability Approach: Incorporating Social and Individual Causes Abstract: While Sen has written extensively on the social factors of capabilities, the exact nature of these social factors and how they interact to form and influence capabilities is contested and unclear. Consequently, how to coherently integrate social components into capability research remains a concern for those attempting to put the capability approach to practical use. This paper proposes one approach to understanding and integrating the social nature of capabilities. Building upon two recent contributions by Martins, we argue that underpinning Sen's notion of capabilities is an ontological conception of a relational society. In this perspective, an individual's capabilities emerge from the combination and interaction of individual-level capacities and the individual's relative position vis-a-vis social structures that provide reasons and resources for particular behaviors. Crucially, this conception of society is predicated upon a contextual notion of causality that is flexible enough to incorporate both individual and social causes into social analysis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 213-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Capability approach, Causality, Ontology, Relational society, Social theory, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940927 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902940927 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:213-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bejoy Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Bejoy Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Roldan Muradian Author-X-Name-First: Roldan Author-X-Name-Last: Muradian Author-Name: Gerard De Groot Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: De Groot Author-Name: Arie De Ruijter Author-X-Name-First: Arie Author-X-Name-Last: De Ruijter Title: Multidimensional Poverty and Identification of Poor Households: A Case from Kerala, India Abstract: In this paper we compare and contrast the view on poverty of lay people, who are affected by the policies, with that of academics and policy-makers. Drawing from fieldwork in a village in Kerala, India, and applying the 'participatory numbers' approach, we devise a 'local method' to identify poor households, based on the villagers' poverty criteria. The local method is then compared with the official methods used by the national and the state governments. Based on the results, we argue for the need to take into account local dimensions of poverty, in addition to objective/universal dimensions, in the design of poverty reduction programmes. Our findings also suggest that effective risk-mitigation strategies must be devised to help poor households cope with shocks and stresses as well as to prevent the vulnerable non-poor from falling into poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 237-257 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, Vulnerability, Participatory numbers, Methods, Below poverty line, Kerala, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940968 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902940968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:237-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marion Young Author-X-Name-First: Marion Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: Basic Capabilities, Basic Learning Outcomes and Thresholds of Learning Abstract: Learning is assumed to be a fundamental means through which an individual can improve her life, particularly in the context of moving out of poverty. There is no prescribed methodology for evaluation of improvement to or deterioration of quality of life related to learning, beyond aggregated proxy indicators of economic benefit (e.g. lifetime earnings) and social benefit (e.g. mother and child health). Evaluation of basic capability and basic learning outcomes valued by the individual enables analysis of positive learning outcomes as capability enhancement, unrealized outcomes as potential capability, and negative outcomes as capability deprivation. A research study of 14-year-old children and their parents living in rural and urban poverty applies an assumption that valued learning equates with functional learning that is locally perceived as important in achieving improvement in the life of the individual. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 259-277 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Agency freedom, Basic capability, Cognitive life skills, Functional life skills learning, Interpersonal life skills learning, Personal life skills learning, Threshold of learning, Valued learning, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941206 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902941206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:259-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann Title: Conditions of Life, Functionings and Capability: Similarities, Differences and Complementary Features Abstract: The German conditions of life approach to the measurement of well-being bears some resemblance to the capability approach (CA) and can be said to anticipate some of its features. In particular, both approaches view well-being as inherently multidimensional and suggest that freedom of choice is an important aspect of well-being. Conditions of life are viewed as elements that together build an opportunity set from which the person can choose only one element. The paper gives a brief, chronological introduction to the conditions of life approach and considers the differences between the versions proposed by the main authors. Parallels are then drawn between the individual versions of the conditions of life approach and the CA. There are several similarities with the CA, but the conditions of life approach takes up some issues that CA more or less neglects. This thus gives rise to the question of how these issues fit into the CA. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 279-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Conditions of life, Capability, Measurement of well-being, Opportunity sets, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941271 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902941271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:279-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jay Drydyk Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk Author-Name: Bas De Gaay Fortman Author-X-Name-First: Bas Author-X-Name-Last: De Gaay Fortman Author-Name: J. Mohan Rao Author-X-Name-First: J. Mohan Author-X-Name-Last: Rao Author-Name: Severine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: Severine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 299-306 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941628 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902941628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:299-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Ways of Discerning Inequality and Inequity Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 309-313 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903060352 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903060352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:309-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Horizontal Inequality: Two Types of Trap Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 315-340 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Inequality, Horizontal Inequality, Traps, Poverty, Capability, Persistence, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041824 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041824 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:315-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Capabilities and Constitutional Law: 'Perception' against Lofty Formalism Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 341-357 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Capabilities, Constitution, Perception, Aristotle, Equal Protection, Supreme Court, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041691 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:341-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niraja Gopal Jayal Author-X-Name-First: Niraja Gopal Author-X-Name-Last: Jayal Title: The Challenge of Human Development: Inclusion or Democratic Citizenship? Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 359-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Inclusion, Citizenship, Democracy, Difference, Inequality, Human Development, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041782 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:359-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suman Seth Author-X-Name-First: Suman Author-X-Name-Last: Seth Title: Inequality, Interactions, and Human Development Abstract: The Human Development Index, which is multidimensional by construction, is criticized on the ground that it is insensitive to any form of inequality across persons. Inequality in the multidimensional context can take two distinct forms. The first pertains to the spread of the distribution across persons, analogous to unidimensional inequality. The second, in contrast, deals with interactions among dimensions. The second form of inequality is important as dimensional interactions may alter individual level evaluations as well as overall inequality. Recently proposed indices have incorporated only the first form of inequality, but not the second. It is an important omission. This paper proposes a two-parameter class of Human Development Indices that reflects sensitivity to both forms of inequality. It is revealed how consideration of interactions among dimensions affects policy recommendations. Finally, the indices are applied to the year 2000 Mexican census data to contrast the present approach with the existing approaches. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 375-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Human Development Index, Multidimensional welfare, Multidimensional inequality, Association-sensitive inequality, Generalized means, Mexican census data, Measurement, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048878 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048878 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:375-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gita Sen Author-X-Name-First: Gita Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Author-Name: Aditi Iyer Author-X-Name-First: Aditi Author-X-Name-Last: Iyer Author-Name: Chandan Mukherjee Author-X-Name-First: Chandan Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee Title: A Methodology to Analyse the Intersections of Social Inequalities in Health Abstract: An important issue for health policy and planning is the way in which multiple sources of disadvantage, such as class, gender, caste, race, ethnicity, and so forth, work together to influence health. Although 'intersectionality' is a topic for which there is growing interest and evidence, several questions as yet remain unanswered. These gaps partly reflect limitations in the quantitative methods used to study intersectionality in health, even though the techniques used to analyse health inequalities as separable processes can be sophisticated. In this paper, we discuss a method we developed to analyse the intersections between different social inequalities, including a technique to test for differences along the entire span of the social spectrum, not just between the extremes. We show how this method can be applied to the analysis of intersectionality in access to healthcare, using cross-sectional data in Koppal, one of the poorest districts in Karnataka, India. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-415 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Intersectionality, Social inequalities, Gender, Economic class, Methodology, Health, Karnataka, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048894 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:397-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Joe Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Joe Author-Name: U. S. Mishra Author-X-Name-First: U. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Author-Name: K. Navaneetham Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Navaneetham Title: Inequalities in Childhood Malnutrition in India: Some Evidence on Group Disparities Abstract: This paper examines inequalities in child malnutrition in India through three distinct — although inter-related — types of empirical analysis. First, it reports the socio-economic inequalities in childhood malnutrition across different Indian states. Second, it decomposes the gap in malnutrition between children belonging to poor and non-poor households to understand the disadvantageous distribution of health determinants and their effects. This analysis indicates that the distribution of endowments and positive maternal characteristics are significant in widening the gap between the child malnutrition among poor and non-poor households. Third, it examines the inter-group disparities in child malnutrition and notes that child groups privileged in terms of income, mother's nutritional status and education have lower malnutrition, whereas the group adverse in all three characteristics endures the most. The paper concludes that policies to reduce malnutrition inequalities should recognize that endowment revisions can be more effective if appended with behavioural interventions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 417-439 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 Keywords: Child health, Malnutrition, Health inequality, Group inequality, Decomposition, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048886 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048886 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:417-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Gallagher Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Gallagher Author-Name: David Clark Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 441-447 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903053381 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903053381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:441-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Solava Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2008-2009 Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 449-452 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903060394 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903060394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:449-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven Title: Employment, Inequality and Globalization: A Continuous Concern Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-9 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481350 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Jolly Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly Title: Employment, Basic Needs and Human Development: Elements for a New International Paradigm in Response to Crisis Abstract: This article reviews various strands of development policies such as employment and basic needs policies, structural adjustment policies, human rights and human development policies, as well as policies emanating from the so-called Washington Consensus leading to current globalization practices. It argues that the present global crisis presents an important opportunity for making major changes in the objectives, directions and operations of the international system. Major efforts of financial and economic stimulus without such changes are short-sighted and dangerous. A new approach, a shift of paradigm or framework, is needed that is more flexible, less dogmatic, and is multi-disciplinary and clearly directed to long-term international goals: sustainability, stability, equity and human rights. There is also a need for more coherence in objectives and strategies across the system of international organizations. The human development paradigm, now marking its 20th anniversary, has many of the qualities required to be the basis for such an international framework, adapted to the specifics of each country. Some moves toward this should be considered. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 11-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Human development, Global economic crisis, International reform, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903504573 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903504573 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:11-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thandika Mkandawire Author-X-Name-First: Thandika Author-X-Name-Last: Mkandawire Title: How the New Poverty Agenda Neglected Social and Employment Policies in Africa Abstract: This article argues that a shift towards issues of poverty is a welcome antidote to policy-making that had expunged poverty from the central agenda to focus on stabilization, debt management and static allocative efficiency. Unfortunately, in correcting a narrow policy agenda the new focus pushes a good point too far when it focuses attention only on the proximate causes of poverty and narrows the development agenda. Development was aimed at more than poverty and, significantly in countries that have successfully combated poverty, the most important policy measures were not explicitly directed at poverty. Indeed in many cases, other objectives — pre-empting social unrest, nation-building, 'human capital' developmental considerations — lay behind the policies that, ex post, can be read as poverty reducing. Eradication of poverty is always embedded in social and economic development. The determinants of human development goals are multiple and cut across sectors. The new challenge in Africa is to bring back development, but now one that is democratically anchored and socially inclusive. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 37-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Poverty, Employment, Social policy, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481400 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481400 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:37-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alice Amsden Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Amsden Title: Say's Law, Poverty Persistence, and Employment Neglect Abstract: Grass roots methods of poverty alleviation will fail unless jobs are created or stimulated by governments (whether central or local). In the presence of high unemployment at all levels, improving the capabilities of job seekers (making them better fed and housed and educated) will only lead to more unemployment and not to more paid employment or self-employment above the subsistence level (call this the 'Kerala Effect'). To believe that improving only the supply side of the labor market is enough to reduce poverty without also improving the demand side, and investing in jobs, is logically flawed and subject to the same error as Say's Law — that 'supply creates its own demand'. Healthcare and other benefits provided through grass roots anti-poverty programs may improve the quality of life (measured by rising life expectancy). But as population growth rises, diminishing returns sets in, in Malthusian fashion, and poverty does not fall, as shown by the data provided in the article. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 57-66 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Employment generation, Poverty alleviation, Say's Law, Grass-roots, Volunteerism, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481434 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:57-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven Title: Income Inequality and Employment Revisited: Can One Make Sense of Economic Policy? Abstract: This article discusses growing inequalities in the context of employment and labour market policies and how the latter can contribute to lowering inequalities. It discusses what is meant by income inequality, why it is remains important to focus on income inequality, which measures of income inequality are relevant and how we have arrived at growing income inequality. A last section reviews what can be done about growing inequality. The current situation is dominated by globalization, which has influenced the functioning and outcome of various aspects of the labour market. Greater attention to labour market institutions and greater coherence between economic and labour market policies is therefore necessary to stem growing inequality. Past examples of combining growth with equitable income distribution are often examples of restrained capitalism. Either social pacts or government bureaucrats and political elites provided the restraint. The current crisis and the public concern for improved income equality might engender renewed political will to make employment creation and income distribution important objectives for economic policy-making. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 67-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Employment, Inequality, Globalization, Development, Economic policy, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481459 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:67-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Andrea Cornia Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia Title: Income Distribution under Latin America's New Left Regimes Abstract: This paper reviews the decline in income inequality that has taken place over 2002-2007 in most Latin American countries against the background of its steady increase over 1980-2002. The paper then analyzes the factors that could explain this trend reversal. It focuses in particular on favorable external conditions, cyclical factors, improvements in the distribution of educational achievements and the subsequent drop in skill-premium, and changes in macro-economic and social policies introduced in several countries, particularly by a growing number of left-of-center governments that have come to power during the past decade. An econometric test for the years 1990-2007 using a sample of countries covering the majority of the population in the region indicates that, in addition to a favorable business cycle and external conditions, a decline in skill premium and the new policy model of fiscally prudent social-democracy that is emerging this decade in much of Latin America impacted favorably the distribution of income. If this approach will survive the current crisis, much of the recent inequality decline is likely to become permanent. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 85-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Income inequality, Terms of trade, Policy regimes, Latin America, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481483 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481483 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:85-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Izurieta Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Izurieta Author-Name: Ajit Singh Author-X-Name-First: Ajit Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Does Fast Growth in India and China Help or Harm US Workers? Abstract: A major issue today is whether globalization of the world's labour, capital and product markets, together with rapid economic growth in India and China, will have an adverse effect on workers in the US and other advanced countries. Simulations of different scenarios using the Cambridge-Alphametrics Model of the World Economy indicate that, at a bloc-disaggregated level, there are severe supply-side constraints relating particularly to natural resources (energy and raw materials) that thwart the expansionary demand effects of fast growth in India and China. This analysis is based on long-term trends in the world economy prior to the current global financial crisis. However, for the sake of completeness, it also comments on the likely implications of this crisis for the USA and other advanced country workers. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 115-141 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Development, Industrialization, Growth convergence, India/China, US workers, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481558 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:115-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rob Vos Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Vos Title: The Crisis of Globalization as an Opportunity to Create a Fairer World Abstract: After having reviewed trends leading to greater international inequality, this article argues for a more stable international financial system allowing developing countries greater participation in international trade combined with full exploitation of their development potential. As emerging economies tap deeper into global supply chains, outsourcing of jobs will influence employment and there is need for a more transparent, coherent and balanced framework at the global level. Also a more balanced pattern of domestic demand will only be achieved with rising wages rather than through increased debt levels. Economies need continuously to increase their skill and knowledge base in order to successfully integrate themselves into the global production process. Active labour market policies (including skill development) should be strengthened to better prepare workers for the future job market. When temporary dislocation of workers cannot be avoided, appropriate social protection measures provide worker security. In all cases, the benefits that global production can bring should be properly weighted against the costs, and these costs can only be minimized through active involvement of all the major actors. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 143-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Globalization, Development, Financial crisis, Economic insecurity, Global governance, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903504599 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903504599 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:143-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacqueline Bhabha Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Bhabha Author-Name: Frank Vollmer Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmer Author-Name: Insa Nolte Author-X-Name-First: Insa Author-X-Name-Last: Nolte Author-Name: Morten Jerven Author-X-Name-First: Morten Author-X-Name-Last: Jerven Author-Name: Severine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: Severine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-172 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903534588 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903534588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:161-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hein de Haas Author-X-Name-First: Hein Author-X-Name-Last: de Haas Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez Title: Mobility and Human Development: Introduction Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 177-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003696798 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003696798 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:177-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon Hanson Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson Title: The Governance of Migration Policy Abstract: In this paper, I examine high-income country motives for restricting immigration. Abundant evidence suggests that allowing labor to move from low-income to high-income countries would yield substantial gains in global income. Yet, most high-income countries impose strict limits on labor inflows and set their admission policies unilaterally. Making immigration more attractive would require creating mechanisms that limit the negative impacts of labor inflows on natives. Fiscal distortions create an incentive for receiving countries to screen immigrants according to their perceived economic impact. For high-skilled immigrants, screening can be based on educational degrees and professional credentials, which are relatively easy to observe. For low-skilled immigrants, illegal immigration represents an imperfect but increasingly common screening device. For policy-makers in labor-importing nations, the modest benefits freer immigration brings may simply not be worth the political hassle. To induce high-income countries to lower border barriers, they need to get more out of the bargain. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: International migration, Labor mobility, Political economy, Illegal migration, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677368 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:185-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Crush Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Crush Author-Name: Sujata Ramachandran Author-X-Name-First: Sujata Author-X-Name-Last: Ramachandran Title: Xenophobia, International Migration and Development Abstract: Migration from developing to developed countries has been accompanied by growing resentment of immigrants and refugees. While xenophobic sentiment continues to be strongly entrenched in developed countries, it is increasingly prevalent in developing countries as well. This paper examines the rise of xenophobic sentiment and action in India and South Africa. The response of the state to xenophobic violence in each jurisdiction is considered. In each case, the ability of the state to formulate and implement remedial policies is compromised by its own complicity or denialism in regard to xenophobia. Without a coordinated international, regional and national recognition of the magnitude of the problem and the formulation of a coherent and coordinated response (including much more research on the actual rather than imagined impacts of migration), xenophobia will continue to undermine the rights of migrants and bedevil efforts to maximize the development potential of migration. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 209-228 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Xenophobia, Cross-border migration, South Africa, India, Discrimination and intolerance, State policies, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677327 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:209-228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Ortega Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega Title: Human Development of Peoples Abstract: This paper provides a framework and estimates of enrollment rates per natural and combines them with previous income and child mortality per-natural estimates to produce a Human Development Index by country of birth as opposed to country of residence (per natural). The methodology is applied for 1990 and 2000 to provide estimates of growth rates of this measure over the period. The paper also develops and illustrates a framework for estimating an education place premium, and discusses how it is related to per natural measures. The peoples of the least developed countries stand to gain the most from international migration, but there are potentially significant gains to migration between developing countries as well. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 229-257 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Migration, Human development, Education, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677335 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:229-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Ruhs Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhs Title: Migrant Rights, Immigration Policy and Human Development Abstract: This paper explores the impacts of the rights of migrant workers ('migrant rights') on the human development of actual and potential migrants, their families, and other people in migrants' countries of origin. A key feature of the paper is its consideration of how migrant rights affect both the capability to move and work in higher income countries (i.e. the access of workers in low-income countries to labor markets of higher-income countries) and capabilities while living and working abroad. The paper suggests that there may be a trade-off between the number and some of the socio-economic rights of low-skilled migrant workers admitted to high-income countries, and explores the implications for human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 259-279 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Migrant rights, Immigration policy, Human development, Global labor markets, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677343 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:259-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Cummins Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez Title: Is There a Numbers versus Rights Trade-off in Immigration Policy? What the Data Say Abstract: This paper explores the empirical support behind the idea that there is a trade-off between the size of low-skilled migrant labor populations and the rights and entitlements accorded to them. We first look at the empirical correlation between measures of migrants' rights and the size of both the stock and flow of immigrants in a number of existing databases. Using data on migrants' rights from three recent studies—the Economist Intelligence Unit's Migrant Accessibility Index, the Migration Policy Group and British Council's Migrant Integration Policy Index, and the Human Development Report Office's Migrant Entitlements and Services Index—we fail to find a systematic correlation of any sign. We then turn to regression analysis using ordinary least squares and instrumental variable techniques, and again fail to find evidence in favor of the existence of a correlation. The numerical magnitudes of the correlations suggest a quantitatively small relationship that in several cases is positive rather than negative. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 281-303 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Migration rights and entitlements, Measurement, Migration data, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003696855 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003696855 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:281-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Ruhs Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhs Title: Numbers versus Rights in Low-Skilled Labour Immigration Policy? A Comment on Cummins and Rodriguez (2010) Abstract: My paper for this special issue (Ruhs, 2010), which builds on analysis in a previous paper with Phil Martin (Ruhs and Martin, 2008), suggests the hypothesis of a trade-off (i.e. an inverse relationship) between the number and some of the socio-economic rights of low-skilled migrant workers admitted to high-income countries. Ruhs (2010) discusses the economic factors and mechanisms that may give rise to such a trade-off and presents several brief case studies that, I argue, provide some illustrative empirical support for the existence of a trade-off. As I make clear in the conclusion, there is 'clearly a need for more systematic empirical research that includes a larger number of countries and that investigates alternative explanations of the relationship between the number and rights of low-skilled migrant workers admitted to high-income countries' (Ruhs, 2010, p. 276) The paper by Cummins and Rodriguez (C&R, 2010) aims to provide this systematic empirical analysis. C&R conclude that their statistical tests 'do not on the whole support the existence of a numbers versus rights trade-off in immigration policy' (2010, p. 283). The authors emphasize that the measurement of migrant rights and immigration policies is still at a nascent stage and that future assessments and better data 'could, in turn, lead us to re-evaluate the conclusions presented in this paper' (p. 298). I consider the analysis by C&R unconvincing as a systematic empirical test of the numbers versus rights hypothesis for two reasons, namely: their conceptualization and measurement of the number of migrant workers in the context of this debate, and the indices used to measure the rights of migrant workers. I conclude with an outline of the systematic empirical analysis needed to advance the debate. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 305-309 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003688183 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003688183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:305-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Cummins Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez Title: A Rejoinder to Ruhs Abstract: Our paper in this issue sets out to do a simple task: to empirically evaluate the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the number of low-skilled migrant workers and their rights using existing cross-national data. In his reply, Martin Ruhs argues that our criticism is unconvincing because our data on numbers do not adequately capture the object of his hypothesis—which refers to the rights of persons admitted with the primary purpose of employment—and because our data on rights also capture other dimensions of the conditions of migrants. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-314 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/00344891003696967 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00344891003696967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:311-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denise Stanley Author-X-Name-First: Denise Author-X-Name-Last: Stanley Title: Outmigration, Human Development and Trade: A Central American Case Study Abstract: Controversy surrounds the large increase in international immigration, but little is known about the many drivers of this mobility. While most migration studies have focused on economic motivations, a small literature addresses the impact of human development and, indirectly, capability deprivation. This case study of southern Honduras examines migration patterns between 1988 and 1997 to assess the impacts of human development, non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAX), and other factors. We develop a time-based census analysis replicable in other countries lacking specialized household surveys. Our review of the region's population census data between 1988 and 1997 suggests net outmigration in 75% of the villages. Econometric treatment of village-level net migration rates before Hurricane Mitch is undertaken. Improved living standards reduced mobility and melons, rather than shrimp mariculture, played a more positive role in labor attraction. Comparisons of census data after and before the mobility pattern suggest improvements in education, yet greater gender divisions, in some areas that by implication undertook international migration. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 315-337 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Migration, Human development, Non-traditional exports, Land use, Employment, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677350 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:315-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Author-Name: Thanh-Dam Truong Author-X-Name-First: Thanh-Dam Author-X-Name-Last: Truong Title: Movements of the 'We': International and Transnational Migration and the Capabilities Approach Abstract: We consider cross-border migration through the lens of the capabilities approach, with special reference to transnational migration and to implications for the approach itself. Cross-border migration has profound and diverse effects, not least because it accelerates change in the nature of political community. A capabilities approach can be helpful through its insistence on multi-dimensional, inter-personally disaggregated, reflective evaluation. At the same time, the realities of migration exercise pressure on capabilities thinking, to deepen its underlying social and political theory and nuance its efforts to counter communitarian tendencies. By extending its attention to migrants and the locality-spanning social and political spaces in which they live, the capabilities approach will be able to better concretize and situate the picture of the 'we' who 'have (or seek) reason to value' purported goods and rights. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 339-357 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: International migration, Transnationalism, Capabilities approach, Identity, Human security, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677319 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:339-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Bulmer-Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Bulmer-Thomas Author-Name: Daniel Neff Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Neff Author-Name: Lalit Khandare Author-X-Name-First: Lalit Author-X-Name-Last: Khandare Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 359-365 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003688308 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003688308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:359-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Power, Pride, Prejudice, and Poverty Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 367-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495494 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:367-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Power and Progress: The Swing of the Pendulum Abstract: This paper uses Polanyi's 1944 analysis of policy change—in which there are long-term swings from state regulation to markets and back again, as the consequences of one regime lead to political reactions that in turn reverse the policies. It shows how the Polanyi analysis continued to apply throughout the twentieth and early-twenty-first century, well beyond when he wrote, and that the swings also apply to developing country policy-making. It argues that there are new signs of policy change—this time against market domination—in a number of developing countries. The paper concludes that Polanyi's view of the conditions behind policy change—notably long-term political movements, political struggle and political conflict—needs to be introduced into the analysis of policy change for the promotion of human development and the expansion of capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 371-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Human development, Political economy, Policy swings, Polanyi, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495501 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:371-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Equality and Love at the End of The Marriage of Figaro: Forging Democratic Emotions Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-423 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Love, Equality, Fraternity, Music, Emotion, Mozart, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495514 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:397-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stacy Kosko Author-X-Name-First: Stacy Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko Title: Parental Consent and Children's Rights in Europe: A Balancing Act Abstract: Three recent European Court of Human Rights cases of discrimination in education against Roma raise the question of what conditions must be present for parents to give 'meaningful' consent in decisions pertaining to their children and whether such consent can be meaningful when a fundamental freedom is at stake. The paper investigates the nature and limits of parental consent and makes the case for a 'threshold' above which respect for the dignity of the parents requires meaningful consent for any decision pertaining to their children and below which respect for the human rights of the child prohibits interference with the exercise of a right. Identifying the exact location of the threshold in any specific case requires local-level public deliberation; insisting that decisions meet those threshold conditions, and enforcing their recognition, is a job for the Court. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 425-448 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Education, Human rights, Agency, Cultural liberty, Roma, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495516 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:425-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Gonzalez de Alba Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez de Alba Title: Poverty in Mexico from an Ethnic Perspective Abstract: In Mexico, analysis of indigenous welfare is usually done using municipalities or localities, not households, as the point of reference, and this almost never in a way that allows for direct comparison with the non-indigenous population. The 2008 edition of the National Household Survey of Income and Expenditure made possible, for the first time, the identification of the indigenous population. In this paper the official income poverty method is replicated for 2008, comparing the results for the indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Additionally, inequality measures are estimated, comparing the income distribution of ethnic subgroups and their respective contributions with total inequality. Measurements using income data for indigenous and non-indigenous populations show that members of the first group are poorer, and that poverty is stronger in the rural areas. Inequality measures show that there is, in general, less inequality in the indigenous population than in the non-indigenous population, although this ranking is reversed for the distribution of income amongst the poor. A decomposition of the Gini coefficient shows that the indigenous population contributes proportionately less to total inequality than does the non-indigenous population. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 449-465 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Poverty, Inequality, Measurement, Indigenous, Mexico, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495518 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:449-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Jose Manuel Roche Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Roche Author-Name: V. Lakshmi Narayanan Author-X-Name-First: V. Lakshmi Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 467-474 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495520 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:467-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Vigorito Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Vigorito Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2009-2010 Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 475-477 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.496567 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.496567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:475-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tindara Addabbo Author-X-Name-First: Tindara Author-X-Name-Last: Addabbo Author-Name: Diego Lanzi Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Lanzi Author-Name: Antonella Picchio Author-X-Name-First: Antonella Author-X-Name-Last: Picchio Title: Gender Budgets: A Capability Approach Abstract: Feminist studies have developed several tools to assess the gender impact of public policy and of budgets in particular. In this paper we introduce an innovative approach to the gender auditing of public budgets inspired by the capability approach. First, we expand the scope of the assessment of the policy impact taking into account women's multidimensional well-being and the contribution of their unpaid work to other people's well-being. Second, we use a macro-economic feminist perspective to make the capability approach operational in the policy space. Within this extended reproductive approach, gender budgets could become a tool for advancing a reflection on social and individual well-being and for greater transparency on the gender division of labor, the distribution of resources and the share of individual and public responsibilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 479-501 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Capabilities, Capability approach, Gender, Well-being, Human development, Inequality, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520900 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:479-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alys Willman Author-X-Name-First: Alys Author-X-Name-Last: Willman Title: Risk and Reward in Managua's Commercial Sex Market: The Importance of Workplace Abstract: This article focuses on the capabilities of women in sex work—a sector in which a substantial number of women in developing countries find themselves. Sex workers confront important unfreedoms—violence and disease—on a daily basis. How well sex workers can manage these threats has implications not only for the workers themselves but also their families and communities, and thus is an important concern in development policy. Using original data from Managua, Nicaragua, I show how workplace conditions determine women's autonomy to manage risks of disease and violence, including their capacity to negotiate appropriate risk compensation. I present a model of a segmented labor market, and describe how women's autonomy in choosing a particular segment is constrained by access to networks and human capital. Next, I estimate the compensation to different risks by market segment. I find that sex workers in higher-end segments are less likely than women in other segments to take risks to their health or safety, and more able to charge a high-risk premium when they do. In addition, women who enjoy more autonomy in decision-making take risks less often than those whose decisions are constrained either by a manager or by low earnings. These findings indicate the need to consider differences in workplace conditions in designing policy to expand the capabilities of women in sex work. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 503-531 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Nicaragua, Risk, Sex work, Gender, Bargaining power, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520910 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520910 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:503-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Agudo Sanchiz Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Agudo Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchiz Title: Opportunities for the Poor, Co-responsibilities for Women: Female Capabilities and Vulnerability in Human Development Policy and Practice Abstract: This paper looks at a particular type of anti-poverty aid and its implications for gender inequality. The development model underpinning the Mexican Oportunidades Programme, a 'flagship' in Latin America, focuses on the reduction of inter-generational poverty through transfers conditioned on 'co-responsibilities' fulfilled especially by mothers and aimed at strengthening the human capital of household members. Through a consultant-insider narrative on the tension between this policy model and the actual lives of beneficiaries, the paper scrutinizes the delivery of the Programme in the light of the capabilities approach. Some case studies are then examined within this framework, assessing the position of women in each case by reviewing the state of their capabilities and resources. This exercise reveals social relationships obscured by the Programme's representations and assumptions of gender roles within families, pointing to a significant failure to address women's own needs by development schemes aimed at poverty rather than at inequality. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 533-554 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Poverty, Inequality, Oportunidades Programme, Capability approach, Family, Women, Mexico, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520915 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520915 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:533-554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krishnan Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Krishnan Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Title: The Impact of Remittances on Economic Insecurity Abstract: There is scattered evidence suggesting a positive impact of international remittances on economic insecurity, at both a macroeconomic and household levels. However, there has not to date been a comprehensive and systematic analysis of this issue that takes into account the various complexities and nuances. This paper illustrates that cross-country generalizations about the impact of remittances on economic security are useful only up to a certain point; beyond that their effect can be influenced by the interplay of various factors relating to the motivations and characteristics of migrants, economic/social/political conditions in the country of origin, immigration policies and conditions in the host country, and the size and concentrations of the remittances. The policy implications outlined in the paper include the need for caution and retrospection in certain instances as well as action and international collaboration in other areas. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 555-577 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Remittances, Macroeconomic insecurity, Consumption, Poverty, Income distribution, Savings, Investment, Incentives, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520923 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520923 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:555-577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Armando Barrientos Author-X-Name-First: Armando Author-X-Name-Last: Barrientos Title: Protecting Capability, Eradicating Extreme Poverty: Chile Solidario and the Future of Social Protection Abstract: Social protection has emerged as a strong policy framework addressing poverty and vulnerability in developing countries. The growing literature on social protection largely focuses on the relative effectiveness of different social protection programmes, but seldom makes a link to underlying conceptual frameworks. The paper argues that the capability approach can provide a sound foundation for social protection and discusses in some detail Chile Solidario, an integrated anti-poverty programme that explicitly embraces this approach. The paper demonstrates how an understanding of conceptual frameworks is essential to shaping the future of social protection. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 579-597 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 Keywords: Capability, Poverty, Social protection, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520926 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520926 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:579-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. R. Osmani Author-X-Name-First: S. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Theory of Justice for an Imperfect World: Exploring Amartya Sen's Idea of Justice Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 599-607 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520965 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:599-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Markus Labude Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Labude Author-Name: Thomas Pogge Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge Title: The Idea of Justice from a Rawlsian Perspective Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 609-613 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520970 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:609-613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Polly Vizard Author-X-Name-First: Polly Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard Title: The Idea of Justice: Sen's Treatment of Human Rights Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 615-621 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520977 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520977 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:615-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Broome Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Broome Title: Is this Truly an Idea of Justice? Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 623-625 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520981 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:623-625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Polly Vizard Author-X-Name-First: Polly Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Diane Elson Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Elson Title: Introduction: The Capability Approach and Human Rights Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.541728 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.541728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Capabilities, Entitlements, Rights: Supplementation and Critique Abstract: Capabilities are closely related to human rights. Capabilities are important human entitlements, inherent in the idea of basic social justice, and can be viewed as one species of a human rights approach. This paper explores this relationship, expanding on earlier publications, notably Capabilities and Human Rights (1997), Women and Human Development (2000), Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements (2003), and Frontiers of Justice (2005). Capabilities are complementary to and augment, rather than competing with, human rights. Capabilities can supplement the language of rights in clarifying the basic concept of human rights, by emphasizing the material and social aspect of all rights and the need for government action to protect and secure all rights. They also ground entitlements in the lives of ordinary people, without tying them down to a specific cultural context. Human rights can also supplement the language of capabilities. Human rights makes clear that the idea of capabilities is not an optional entitlement, but an urgent demand that should not be ignored nor compromised in pursuit of other objectives such as expansion of aggregate wealth. Human rights have gained support and endorsement the world over, and the idea of rights has the capacity to mobilize political action. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 23-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Human rights, Capabilities, Justice, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541731 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:23-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jay Drydyk Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk Title: Responsible Pluralism, Capabilities, and Human Rights Abstract: For their effective realization, human rights need to be perceived as culturally legitimate, and this in turn requires that they be justifiable pluralistically, engaging all reliable moral discourses. In so far as a human right calls for a specific capability to be respected, protected, and fulfilled, the capability approach can contribute to this task of pluralistic justification in two ways. First, it abstracts from particular goods to valuable functionings and capabilities in a way that affirms the particular conceptions of the good that value them. However, the model of justification adopted by Nussbaum—Rawls's reflective equilibrium—needs to be replaced by anchoring this discussion in knowledge of care and neglect. Second, Nussbaum proposes that equal entitlement to central capabilities can be justified on grounds of equal human dignity, which, as I read it, means that everyone's striving (or at least responsiveness) towards living well in the company of others matters, and matters equally. This affirmation of equal dignity, however, will be undermined if it is treated (as Nussbaum does) as a 'purely political' idea excluding public support from particular moral discourses. An alternative approach, responsible pluralism, enables us to enlist the support of all reliable moral discourses in support of equal dignity, rather than confining them to the background culture or the private realm. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 39-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Human rights, Capability approach, Care, Dignity, Pluralism, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541734 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:39-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanjay Reddy Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy Title: Economics and Human Rights: A Non-conversation Abstract: Advocates or analysts of human rights and mainstream economists can find it difficult to communicate, let alone to arrive at agreement—when they communicate at all. Why is their dialogue non-existent or vexed? This paper identifies three deep-seated conceptual reasons. An improved dialogue can lead to better conceptual foundations in both disciplines and enable them better to guide action. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 63-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Economics, Human rights, Interpersonal comparisons, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541737 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:63-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Title: The Metrics of Human Rights: Complementarities of the Human Development and Capabilities Approach Abstract: Capabilities and human rights are closely related and share common commitments to freedom and justice as central political objectives. Much of the literature on this relationship has focused on defining the overlaps and differences between them as theoretical concepts. This paper explores a different aspect of the relationship, namely the overlaps and differences in their respective measurement approaches. The paper argues that human development indicators that are used to evaluate policies for capability expansion, or human development, cannot substitute for human rights indicators because of the differences in them as concepts as well as the way that these concepts are used and applied. Human rights indicators are used to assess the accountability of the state in complying with the obligations that are codified in international and domestic law. However, the literature of development economics and the methods of empirical analysis and aggregative summary measurements extensively used in the human development and capabilities approach can overcome some of the constraints of conventional methods used in human rights assessments. These possibilities are illustrated in the Economic and Social Rights Fulfillment Index, recently developed by Fukuda-Parr, Lawson-Remer and Randolph that develops an empirical model of 'progressive realization' and provides an empirical basis for setting benchmarks. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 73-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Capability approach, Human development, Sen, Nussbaum, Human rights indicators, Rights-based approach to development, Progressive realization, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541750 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:73-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tania Burchardt Author-X-Name-First: Tania Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt Author-Name: Polly Vizard Author-X-Name-First: Polly Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard Title: 'Operationalizing' the Capability Approach as a Basis for Equality and Human Rights Monitoring in Twenty-first-century Britain Abstract: This article examines a new capability-based measurement framework that has been developed as a basis for equality and human rights monitoring in twenty-first-century Britain. We explore the conceptual foundations of the framework and demonstrate its practical application for the purposes of monitoring equality (in terms of the distribution of substantive freedoms and opportunities among individuals and groups) and human rights (in terms of the achievement of substantive freedoms and opportunities below a minimum threshold) in England, Scotland and Wales. The article challenges the sceptical position by suggesting that 'operationalizing' the capability approach is both 'feasible' and 'workable'. A new two-stage procedure for deriving a capability list is proposed. This combines human rights and deliberative consultation and strikes a balance, we contend, between internationally recognized human rights standards and principles on the one hand, and direct deliberation/participation on the other, in the development and agreement of capability lists. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 91-119 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Capabilities, Functionings, Treatment, Autonomy, Equality, Human rights, Indicator, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541790 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541790 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:91-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Cecchini Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Cecchini Author-Name: Francesco Notti Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Notti Title: Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights: Faraway, so Close? Abstract: The objective of this article is to identify some key dimensions for a human rights-based approach (HRBA) in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) monitoring processes. We aim to highlight not only how this can bring human rights and the MDGs closer to each other, but also how it can contribute to better results in the achievement of the latter. Within this framework, the article describes how a HRBA could contribute to redressing the main weaknesses of the MDGs and gives an overview of good practices and challenges in incorporating a HRBA into the MDG monitoring processes in Latin American and Caribbean countries, with a particular focus on the preparation of MDG reports. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 121-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Millenium Development Goals, Development, Human rights, Human rights based approach, Latin America and the Caribbean, MDG Monitoring, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541793 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:121-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. B. Anand Author-X-Name-First: P. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Title: Right to Information and Local Governance: An Exploration Abstract: This paper attempts to explore issues related to right to information (RTI) and RTI laws, in the context of local governance. The paper focuses on four case studies—namely, India, Indonesia, Uganda, and Nicaragua—to highlight some of the complexities in campaigning for RTI laws and in implementing them. Based on these, a framework is developed as a tool to map alternative approaches to making local governance more effective and accountable. At present, there are two schools of thought: one focusing on supply-led or state-led mechanisms such as public expenditure tracking surveys, and the other focusing on a human rights-based approach with RTI law at its centre. The framework developed here suggests that these alternative approaches need not be considered mutually exclusive approaches but can be seen in terms of Dreze and Sen's argument of democratic institutions and democratic practice. Thus, activists can choose approaches that best suit a context at a given point in time as intermediate steps in the journey towards developing just and inclusive institutions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 135-151 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Decentralization, Right to information, Local governance, Accountability, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541795 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:135-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radhika Balakrishnan Author-X-Name-First: Radhika Author-X-Name-Last: Balakrishnan Author-Name: Diane Elson Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Elson Author-Name: James Heintz Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Heintz Title: Financial Regulation, Capabilities and Human Rights in the US Financial Crisis: The Case of Housing Abstract: This paper analyses the role of finance and financial regulation in shaping capabilities, in the context of the 2008 financial crisis in the USA, paying particular attention to the implications for capability to be adequately housed. It argues that public reasoning and public action to safeguard this capability can benefit from reference to the obligation to realize the human right to adequate housing. The paper contributes to two areas of discussion that have been relatively neglected in relation to capabilities: the role of finance and financial regulation; and the role of human rights obligations in safeguarding and expanding capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 153-168 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Human rights, Economic policy, Housing rights, Economic and social rights, Capabilities, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541797 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:153-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ram Pillarisetti Author-X-Name-First: J. Ram Author-X-Name-Last: Pillarisetti Author-Name: V. Lakshmi Narayanan Author-X-Name-First: V. Lakshmi Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan Author-Name: Eswarappa Kasi Author-X-Name-First: Eswarappa Author-X-Name-Last: Kasi Author-Name: Pablo Sanchez-Garrido Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Garrido Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 169-176 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541800 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:169-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georges Nguefack-Tsague Author-X-Name-First: Georges Author-X-Name-Last: Nguefack-Tsague Author-Name: Stephan Klasen Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen Author-Name: Walter Zucchini Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Zucchini Title: On Weighting the Components of the Human Development Index: A Statistical Justification Abstract: The Human Development Index (HDI) published in the Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program has been calculated as a simple average of the Life Expectancy Index, the Education Index and the Gross Domestic Product Index. This paper provides statistical support for the use of this seemingly arbitrary equal weighting of the three components by treating human development as a latent concept imperfectly captured by its three component indices. We show that a principal component analysis (PCA) based on the correlation matrix of the components leads to practically the same weights. Specifically we show that, for the period 1975-2005, the first principal component accounts for between 78% and 90% of the total variability in the data, and that its coefficients are positive and nearly equal. By normalizing the coefficients, the simple average weighting (1/3, 1/3, 1/3) scheme is obtained. The ranks of countries obtained using the PCA weightings are very similar to those based on the HDI. An advantage of the simple equal weighting is that one can define a simple index to measure the balance of a country's development, given its HDI. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 183-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Human Development Index, Human Development Report, United Nations Development Program, Principal component analysis, Correlation matrix, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571077 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571077 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:183-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valerie Berenger Author-X-Name-First: Valerie Author-X-Name-Last: Berenger Author-Name: Audrey Verdier-Chouchane Author-X-Name-First: Audrey Author-X-Name-Last: Verdier-Chouchane Title: From the Relative Women Disadvantage Index to Women's Quality-of-Life Abstract: Using Sen's capability approach and an aggregation methodology based on the fuzzy set approach, this article attempts to move beyond the main criticisms of the United Nations Development Programme indices for analysis of gender inequality. The Relative Women Disadvantage Index can be used to measure gender inequality in three domains (health, education, participation). It is complemented by the Women's Quality-of-Life Index, constructed from indicators that concern only women and children. However, these two indices are strongly correlated and seem to buttress the idea that the battle against gender inequalities is a condition for improving human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 203-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Africa, Multidimensional indices, Gender inequalities, Quality of life, Totally fuzzy analysis, Sen's capability approach, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520893 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:203-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Author-Name: Wim Marivoet Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Marivoet Title: Capabilities in Place: Locating Poverty and Affluence in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Abstract: We argue that the capability approach can be very helpful in exploring the links between poverty and place, thereby providing a more accurate understanding of poverty processes. We demonstrate how Sen's list of 'conversion factors' allows one to incorporate but also to go beyond the usual description of the connection between place and well-being in terms of physical and social infrastructure. More in particular, we give emphasis on the role of place in the conversion of doings into earnings. We then apply the theoretical argument to a representative sample of households in Kinshasa. Although monetary indicators of well-being and poverty indicate a downward levelling of different regions of the capital city that have been historically quite different, an exploration of the different sources of parametric variation suggests that place does continue to have a significant impact on well-being. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 235-256 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Capability approach, 1-2-3 Survey, Kinshasa, Urban poverty, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571084 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:235-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Binder Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Binder Author-Name: Tom Broekel Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Broekel Title: Applying a Non-parametric Efficiency Analysis to Measure Conversion Efficiency in Great Britain Abstract: In the literature on Sen's capability approach, studies focusing on the empirical measurement of conversion factors are comparatively rare. We add to this field by adopting a measure of 'conversion efficiency' that captures the efficiency with which individuals convert their resources into achieved functioning. We use a non-parametric efficiency procedure borrowed from production theory and construct such a measure for a set of basic functionings, using data from the 2005 wave of the British Household Panel Survey. In Great Britain, 49.88% of the individuals can be considered efficient while the mean of the inefficient individuals reaches one-fifth less functioning achievement. An individual's conversion efficiency is positively affected by getting older, being self-employed, married, having no health problems and living in the London area. On the other hand, being unemployed, separated/divorced/widowed and (self-assessed) disabled decrease an individual's conversion efficiency. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 257-281 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Conversion efficiency, Welfare measurement, Robust non-parametric efficiency analysis, Functioning production, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571088 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:257-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olaf Erenstein Author-X-Name-First: Olaf Author-X-Name-Last: Erenstein Title: Livelihood Assets as a Multidimensional Inverse Proxy for Poverty: A District-level Analysis of the Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains Abstract: The measurement of poverty is important yet problematic and controversial. This study assesses livelihood asset indicators from the sustainable livelihood approach as a multidimensional inverse proxy for poverty. The study develops and contrasts different asset-based proxies building on the five livelihood capitals: natural, physical, human, social and financial. The Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains with 280 million rural inhabitants and covering 0.47 million km2 are used as an empirical case to illustrate and contrast the multidimensional proxies, drawing on secondary data for 18 quantitative district-level indicators. Principal components derived directly from the district-level indicators proved to be a good proxy for the district-level poverty head count ratio (adjusted R2 = 0.51). A composite livelihood asset index aided interpretation but at a significant cost of overall explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.42). Alternative models derived from the five livelihood assets provide more acceptable trade-offs between explanatory and interpretational power. Livelihood asset-based approaches can thus provide an inverse proxy for absolute poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 283-302 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Poverty analysis, Livelihood capital, Wealth index, Meso-level analysis, Indo-Gangetic Plains, India, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571094 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:283-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruhi Saith Author-X-Name-First: Ruhi Author-X-Name-Last: Saith Author-Name: Dennis Soltys Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Author-X-Name-Last: Soltys Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 303-306 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571098 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:303-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Arndt Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt Author-Name: Jurgen Volkert Author-X-Name-First: Jurgen Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert Title: The Capability Approach: A Framework for Official German Poverty and Wealth Reports Abstract: The Capability Approach has been adopted as a theoretical framework for official Poverty and Wealth Reports by the German government. Our article provides information on the use of the Capability Approach in this reporting process to international readers, which may give further insights for the future realization of Capability Approach-based official reporting in other countries. We provide an overview of the major theoretical, political and organizational issues that have been raised within and by the process of establishing the German reporting system. We further explain why the extension of the Capability Approach from poverty to wealth issues in German reports may be promising also for capability analyses in general. Finally, we discuss major shortcomings and challenges of the reporting and conclude. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Capability approach, Poverty and wealth reporting, Affluent countries, Amartya Sen, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.589248 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.589248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:311-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Porter Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Porter Title: Plantation Economics, Violence, and Social Well-being: The Lingering Effects of Racialized Group Oppression on Contemporary Human Development in the American South Abstract: Historic patterns of racialized oppression, discrimination, and prejudice have been linked to contemporary levels of racialized inequality. Such patterns are thought to be created and maintained through a series of institutions aimed at limiting access to resources for some while opening doors for others. It is expected that patterns of historical racialized inequality are the by-product of a historical lack of investment in the cultural capital of the local community, which later manifests itself in the form of low levels of human development, both in relational and absolute terms. In order to test this pattern in the American South, this link is tested using historical and contemporary data from the US Census Bureau, the National Institute for Literacy, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Center for Disease Control, the Historical American Lynching Project, and the Negro Participation Survey. Spatially-centered nested regression models provide support for this thesis through the identification of links to persistent patterns of underdevelopment in counties with a history of low levels of non-white education, school desegregation, racialized group mobilization, agricultural means of production, and a history of oppression through lynchings. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 339-366 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Human development, South, Lynching, Discrimination, Historical, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576659 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576659 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:339-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunsun Huh Author-X-Name-First: Yunsun Author-X-Name-Last: Huh Title: The Effect of Home-country Gender Status on the Labor Market Success of Immigrants Abstract: This article examines variation in the labor market success of female and male immigrants in the USA across different countries of origin. Labor market success is measured by the wages of immigrants, and the regression model includes the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), published by the United Nations, to reflect different cultural and institutional conditions that shape gender inequalities in the immigrants' home countries. The GEM reflects women's access to leadership positions and economic wealth, while the GDI indicates the basic living standard of women. According to the regression results, the GEM and the GDI have different effects on women and men. The GEM has a positive effect on the wages of both female and male immigrants, but it has a greater effect on women than men. The GDI has a positive effect on male immigrants but it has a small negative effect on female immigrants. In this sense, this study provides evidence of different effects of various cultural backgrounds on an individual's earning capability and different institutional effects between women and men. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 367-392 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Labor market success, Gender inequality, Gender status, Wage performance of immigrants, Earning capability, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gender Development Index, Cultural and institutional effects, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.590469 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.590469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:367-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Harttgen Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Harttgen Author-Name: Stephan Klasen Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen Title: A Human Development Index by Internal Migrational Status Abstract: Domestic migration constitutes the largest flow of people in developing countries and is among the most important opportunities for people to improve their human development. We calculate the Human Development Index by internal migrational status to assess the differences between the levels of human development of internal migrants compared with non-migrants. An empirical illustration for a sample of 16 low-income countries shows that, overall, internal migrants achieve a slightly higher level of human development than non-migrants. These improvements are largely due to higher incomes of migrants while differentials in education and health are smaller. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 393-424 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Internal migration, Human Development Index, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576819 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576819 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:393-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken Title: Inserting Technology in the Relational Ontology of Sen's Capability Approach Abstract: In the July 2009 issue of this journal, Smith and Seward presented a critical realist ontology of human capabilities. Using insights from philosophy of technology/science and technology studies, it is argued that their ontology can and should be extended; not only individuals and social structures, but also technological artifacts should be recognized as important constituents of human capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 425-432 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Capability approach, Human capabilities, Ontology, Technology, Technical artifacts, Actor network theory, Critical realism, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576661 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576661 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:425-432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Title: Pioneering the Human Development Revolution: Analysing the Trajectory of Mahbub ul Haq Abstract: Mahbub ul Haq's work to coordinate, establish and propagate the human development approach offers an example of effective leadership in promoting more ethical socio-economic development. This article reviews Pioneering the Human Development Revolution—An Intellectual Biography of Mahbub ul Haq (edited by Haq and Ponzio), and extends themes from the United Nations Intellectual History Project to examine Haq's contributions in terms of four aspects of leadership: articulating and applying values that combine depth with broad appeal; providing a fruitful and vivid way of seeing, a 'vision', that reflects the values; embodying the values and vision in workable practical proposals; and supporting and communicating the previous aspects through wide and relevant networks. It suggests that the human development approach may need to update its values and vision, including through better integration of human security thinking, if it is to retain the leadership role it acquired thanks to Haq. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 433-456 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Keywords: Leadership, Framing, Human dignity, Human security, Social entreneurship, United Nations, X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576660 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:433-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krushil Watene Author-X-Name-First: Krushil Author-X-Name-Last: Watene Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer Author-Name: Kristin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Kristin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Brian Jenkin Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkin Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Title: Book Reviews Abstract: Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 457-467 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.589263 File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.589263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:457-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arjun Jayadev Author-X-Name-First: Arjun Author-X-Name-Last: Jayadev Title: Global Governance and Human Development: Promoting Democratic Accountability and Institutional Experimentation Abstract: This paper identifies two elements for global governance critical to the pursuit of human development: democratic accountability and institutional experimentation. The paper stresses the critical importance of organizing effective global institutions for the purpose of human development and briefly discusses some major challenges that can and do affect the international community. It summarizes the theoretical underpinnings for the primacy of institutions as derived from two strands of development theory and the extent towards which these ideas have been acted upon in developing frameworks of global governance. The paper discusses these two principles in light of some of the major challenges that can and do affect the international community as a whole, and some of the decentralized forms of governance that are being developed as developing countries assert themselves in debates on institutional organization. It focuses on the global financial crisis as a case study in the inadequacies of current global governance and the reforms advocated by the Commission of Experts of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System to redress these failures. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 469-491 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610781 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610781 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:469-491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryan Thoreson Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Author-X-Name-Last: Thoreson Title: Capably Queer: Exploring the Intersections of Queerness and Poverty in the Urban Philippines Abstract: Despite growing attention to identity and intersectionality in the field of development, there is still a dearth of empirical scholarship exploring the ways that being sexually non-normative—or queer—shapes the experience of living in poverty in the Global South. In this paper, I use the ‘missing dimensions of poverty’ framework developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative to explore the ways that queerness and poverty inflect each other in the urban Philippines. I examine the pivotal role that queer people play in household and neighborhood economies, and argue that being queer profoundly affects the ways that low-income Filipinos experience poverty. I suggest that a better understanding of the capabilities that low-income queer individuals are allowed or encouraged to exercise—and the roles that are denied to them—can be used to beneficially integrate those populations into development praxis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 493-510 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:493-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greta Friedemann-Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: Greta Author-X-Name-Last: Friedemann-Sánchez Author-Name: Joan M. Griffin Author-X-Name-First: Joan M. Author-X-Name-Last: Griffin Title: Defining the Boundaries between Unpaid Labor and Unpaid Caregiving: Review of the Social and Health Sciences Literature Abstract: Informal unpaid caregiving is a critical factor when forming and implementing development policy in and on behalf of developing nations because of how it can affect all aspects of economic and human development for all society, not only women and families. Yet by being treated as an undifferentiated concept from unpaid labor, caregiving remains at the margins in development research and policy. Drawing from different social science and health theories, we present the theoretical roots of caregiving research. We propose that although unpaid caregiving scholarship is embedded in the scholarship of unpaid labor, unpaid caregiving must be defined as a distinct form of unpaid labor. We present the similarities and differences between the two concepts and outline and discuss avenues for extending the frameworks that have been used in the social and health sciences to explore unpaid labor to study specific aspects of caregiving. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 511-534 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.613370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.613370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:511-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Simantini Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay Title: Using the Mean of Squared Deprivation Gaps to Measure Undernutrition and Related Socioeconomic Inequalities Abstract: Drawing on the literature on poverty measurement, we suggest the application of the mean of squared deprivation gaps (MSDG), which captures the dimensions of level, depth and severity, as an alternative index of undernutrition. The application of this index can be intuitively justified by the biomedical finding that as nutritional shortfall increases, the physiological risks increase at an increasing rate. We have shown how we can analyze group inequality in nutritional deprivation among children using the subgroup consistency feature of the MSDG. Computing the MSDG (alternatively the share in total MSDG) for each wealth quintile, we have obtained CIMSDG, the concentration index based on MSDG among children in each of the major states of India. It may so happen that socioeconomic inequality in the level of undernutrition is abated but that in undernutrition, defined as a composite notion increases. The scenario of child underweight across wealth quintiles in some states depicts such a situation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 535-556 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:535-556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uwe E. Reinhardt Author-X-Name-First: Uwe E. Author-X-Name-Last: Reinhardt Title: Is There a Market for Ruger's ‘Right to Health’? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 557-563 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:557-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madison Powers Author-X-Name-First: Madison Author-X-Name-Last: Powers Author-Name: Ruth Faden Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Faden Title: Health Capabilities, Outcomes, and the Political Ends of Justice Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 565-570 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:565-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anita L. Allen Author-X-Name-First: Anita L. Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Is There a Right to Health? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 571-576 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:571-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Hunt Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt Author-Name: Joo-Young Lee Author-X-Name-First: Joo-Young Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Deepening the Human Rights Connections Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 577-586 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618339 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618339 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:577-586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruhi Saith Author-X-Name-First: Ruhi Author-X-Name-Last: Saith Title: A Public Health Perspective on the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 587-594 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618341 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618341 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:587-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keerty Nakray Author-X-Name-First: Keerty Author-X-Name-Last: Nakray Title: Addressing ‘Well-Being’ and ‘Institutionalized Power Relations’ in Health Policy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 595-598 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:595-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Prah Author-X-Name-Last: Ruger Title: Reply Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 599-605 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:599-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Vigorito Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Vigorito Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2010--2011 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 607-612 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.611449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.611449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:607-612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos� Antonio Ocampo Author-X-Name-First: Jos� Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Ocampo Author-Name: Juliana Vallejo Author-X-Name-First: Juliana Author-X-Name-Last: Vallejo Title: Economic Growth, Equity and Human Development in Latin America Abstract: The relation between the economy and equity has shown marked contrasts in Latin America over the past two decades. Increases in public spending have been reflected in advances in education, health and access to basic utilities. In contrast, the region has experienced weak labor market performance and limited advances in social security. An intermediate situation has characterized poverty and income distribution, where there has been important progress during the first decade of the twenty-first century after almost a quarter century of unsatisfactory performance. This panorama can be described as a process of human development with precarious employment and economic insecurity. It indicates that Latin America has found it easier to respond to the challenge of human development than to the reduction of inequality and the expansion of ‘labor citizenship’. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 107-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:107-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ajit Singh Author-X-Name-First: Ajit Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Financial Globalization and Human Development Abstract: This paper is concerned essentially with the question of how does financial globalization affect economic welfare? Orthodox theory suggests that because of the greater risk-sharing between countries that financial liberalization entails, there should be no welfare losses. Greater risk-sharing should lead to greater smoothing of consumption and/or growth trajectories for developing countries. Yet there is widespread evidence of crises following liberalization. Apart from these international macro-economic issues, it is argued here that financial globalization changes the very nature of capitalism from managerial to finance capitalism. This profoundly affects at the micro-economic level corporate governance, corporate finance and income distribution. Both macro-economic and micro-economic factors outlined here influence human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 135-151 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:135-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Title: On Macroeconomics and Human Development: An Unexplored Domain Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.646859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.646859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph Van Der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Hoeven Author-Name: Duncan Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Author-Name: Lalit Khandare Author-X-Name-First: Lalit Author-X-Name-Last: Khandare Author-Name: Mattia Baglieri Author-X-Name-First: Mattia Author-X-Name-Last: Baglieri Author-Name: Jaqui Goldin Author-X-Name-First: Jaqui Author-X-Name-Last: Goldin Title: Book Reviews Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 153-163 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:153-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph E. Stiglitz Author-X-Name-First: Joseph E. Author-X-Name-Last: Stiglitz Title: Macroeconomic Fluctuations, Inequality, and Human Development Abstract: This paper examines the two-way relationship between inequality and economic fluctuations, and the implications for human development. For years, the dominant paradigm in macroeconomics, which assumed that income distribution did not matter, at least for macroeconomic behavior, ignored inequality—both its role in causing crises and the effect of fluctuations in general, and crises in particular, on inequality. But the most recent financial crisis has shown the errors in this thinking, and these views are finally beginning to be questioned. Economists who had looked at the average equity of a homeowner—ignoring the distribution—felt comfortable that the economy could easily withstand a large fall in housing prices. When such a fall occurred, however, it had disastrous effects, because a large fraction of homeowners owed more on their homes than the value of the home, leading to waves of foreclosure and economic stress. Policy-makers and economists alike have begun to take note: inequality can contribute to volatility and the creation of crises, and volatility can contribute to inequality. Here, we explore the variety of channels through which inequality affects fluctuations and fluctuations affect inequality, and explore how some of the changes in our economy may have contributed to increased inequality and volatility both directly and indirectly. After describing the two-way relationship, the paper discusses hysteresis—the fact that the consequences of an economic downturn can be long-lived. Then, it examines how policy can either mitigate or exacerbate the inequality consequences of economic downturns, and shows how well-intentioned policies can sometimes be counterproductive. Finally, it links these issues to human development, especially in developing countries. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 31-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.643098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.643098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:31-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino Title: Macroeconomics, Human Development, and Distribution Abstract: Policies designed to pursue an equity-led macroeconomic growth strategy must take into account feedback effects, with distribution itself influencing macroeconomic outcomes. Under the right conditions, a more equitable distribution of income and opportunities in the form of human development can be a stimulus to growth, funding further investments in human development. Developing the policies to create those conditions is the central challenge for any human development-centered macroeconomic framework. I review here some macro-level policies that achieve this goal, identifying a key role for fiscal policy to raise productivity and for monetary policy to expand employment, a central goal of any macro-inclusive strategy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 59-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:59-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Title: Macroeconomics and Human Development Abstract: This article analyses the interactions between macroeconomics, in terms of objectives and policies, and human development, which is about the well-being of people. Each can, and often does, exercise a significant influence on the other. Macroeconomics matters for human development because it determines the level of employment, the degree of social protection and the public provision of services such as healthcare or education. Human development has implications and consequences for macroeconomics, for it can mobilize or claim resources to enlarge or diminish space for macroeconomic policies. The relationship exists, and matters, not only in poor countries but also in rich countries. Employment, even if neglected, provides the critical link. The paper shows that the causation runs in both directions and could be either positive or negative. It also reveals similarities and differences between developing countries and industrialized countries. The political context is significant, everywhere, as interests, ideology and institutions influence economic policies in both spheres to shape outcomes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 7-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.643121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.643121 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:7-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: The Impact of Global Economic Crises on the Poor: Comparing the 1980s and 2000s Abstract: This paper contrasts the impact of the financial crisis of 2008 on poor countries and poor people with the debt crisis of the 1980s. The financial crisis of the 2000S affected more regions of the world but its effects on particular countries were more heterogeneous, varying according to countries' dependence on different sources of foreign exchange. The worst affected regions were South and Eastern Europe and Latin America. Because of heavy aid dependence and less integration with financial markets, sub-Saharan Africa was less badly affected, while in the 1980s sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America suffered most. In aggregate terms, the fall in gross domestic product (GDP) was much greater in the 2000s than the 1980s. Yet, taken as a whole, the impact on poverty appears to have been less. One major difference between the 1980s and 2000s was the greater autonomy countries had in policy-making, and lesser dependence on the International Monetary Fund, allowing countries to follow more expansionary policies. Government expenditure as a proportion of GDP was generally sustained in 2000s in contrast to severe cuts in the 1980s. Moreover, there were more extensive social support programmes in existence in the 2000s that acted as mild protections against economic downturn. Like the 1980s, there were no real-time data for poverty in 2008 and 2009 at a global level. Global estimates based on simulations show a slowdown in poverty reduction and no increase in actual poverty rates, yet the limited ‘actual’ data reviewed here show an increase in the rate of income poverty, some with social protection programmes in many places, although mostly the increase was more modest than the 1980s. The crisis of 2000s was shorter than the 1980s, so that people and governments could draw on their savings to protect their livelihoods, but if the global recession recurs, the poverty consequences could become much worse. The need for short-term indicators of poverty remains urgent, if we are to be able to analyse the effects of crises on poverty (natural disasters and conflict as well as economic fluctuations) rapidly and accurately, and to design appropriate protective policies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 83-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:83-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Success and Failure in Human Development, 1970--2007 Abstract: The paper reviews experience in advancing Human Development (HD) since 1970 by investigating behaviour among countries that made the largest improvement in HD and those that made the least improvement. The paper provides evidence on a range of indicators for the three best (and worst) performers among high, medium and low HD countries. It identifies alternative combinations of variables associated with success and failure. It then reviews performance on a range of other dimensions of Human Development, including political rights, gender empowerment, societal stability and environmental sustainability and shows these are only weakly associated with performance on the Human Development Index (HDI). To illuminate historical, political and institutional factors associated with success and failure, the performance of six countries (four successful and two weak performers) are briefly reviewed—Bangladesh, Chile, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Laos and Zambia. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 167-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:167-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Balázs Horváth Author-X-Name-First: Balázs Author-X-Name-Last: Horváth Author-Name: Andrey Ivanov Author-X-Name-First: Andrey Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanov Author-Name: Mihail Peleah Author-X-Name-First: Mihail Author-X-Name-Last: Peleah Title: The Global Crisis and Human Development: A Study on Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS Region Abstract: This paper examines the observed impact of past economic downturns on human development indicators in 29 countries of the region. We estimate empirical elasticities of key human development indicators covering demographics, crime, epidemiology, unemployment, and poverty with respect to changes in per-capita purchase power parity (PPP) gross domestic product. Based on published gross domestic product growth projections from the IMF, we then project the likely impact on the human development indicators in coming years for the countries in the region. The results suggest that the adverse impact of past downturn in income on poverty, public health, mortality, and suicide and homicide rates is likely to be considerable, long-lasting, and to affect the poorest disproportionately. Based on our results, we argue that policy-makers will need better and more timely data to provide the evidence base for policies; and that those policies need to take into account the looming substantial backslide in human development indicators stemming from the global economic crisis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 197-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:197-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean-Gaël E. Collomb Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Gaël E. Author-X-Name-Last: Collomb Author-Name: Janaki R. Alavalapati Author-X-Name-First: Janaki R. Author-X-Name-Last: Alavalapati Author-Name: Tim Fik Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Fik Title: Building a Multidimensional Wellbeing Index for Rural Populations in Northeastern Namibia Abstract: Growing awareness of the limitations of conventional development indicators to adequately capture the full human experience provides an opportunity to adopt more holistic concepts such as wellbeing. However, operational and quantification challenges must be addressed to propose measures that can guide and monitor the impacts of development policies. We developed a multidimensional wellbeing index based on existing research and participatory methods to understand and quantify wellbeing in the context of rural northeastern Namibia. We present our index to provide a practical tool for policy-makers and analysts in the region and in other developing countries. We interviewed a random sample (n = 395) in five communities and built a multidimensional wellbeing index comprised of sub-indices for subjective wellbeing, health, wealth, education, and surrounding economic, social, political and infrastructural contexts. We improve upon existing measures by incorporating local preferences of different life domains and by the ability to disaggregate wellbeing assessments at different scales. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 227-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:227-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmen Herrero Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Herrero Author-Name: Ricardo Mart�nez Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�nez Author-Name: Antonio Villar Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Villar Title: A Newer Human Development Index Abstract: The Human Development Index has experienced substantial modifications in the 2010 edition of the Human Development Report (changes in some of the variables, a different aggregation procedure, and the introduction of distributive considerations, among others). Those changes respond to some well-known shortcomings of the traditional design of this index and entail substantial improvements. There are still some inconsistencies in the new construction that have to be addressed (in particular, the use of a composite variable to approach educational achievements, the use of logs for the income variable and the type of normalization adopted). We discuss in this paper those inconsistencies and suggest some relatively minor changes that would suffice to avoid them. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 247-268 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:247-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danny Simatele Author-X-Name-First: Danny Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele Author-Name: Tony Binns Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Binns Author-Name: Munacinga Simatele Author-X-Name-First: Munacinga Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele Title: Urban Livelihoods under a Changing Climate*: Perspectives on Urban Agriculture and Planning in Lusaka, Zambia Abstract: With rapidly deteriorating national and local economies, many urban dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa are resorting to informal sector activities to ameliorate the current food insecurity that poor households face. Among these activities is urban agriculture, which is used both as a source of basic foodstuffs and also for income generation. In many cities, the growing of food crops is considered as an activity for rural areas, and is therefore, excluded from urban development and planning policy. This state of affairs has traditionally presented major challenges for many small-scale urban farmers to realise their full potential and attain household food security. In recent years, changes in climatic conditions (e.g. drought and flooding), coupled with a lack of policies supporting the activities of the urban poor, have combined to make it difficult for households to adapt to the changing urban environment. Drawing upon recent field-based research in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, the paper explores the relationships between urban livelihoods and extreme weather events, and evaluates the extent to which changes in climate and urban governance are impacting upon urban agriculture. The paper has wider relevance in the context of evolving strategies for achieving sustainable urban development, poverty reduction and food security in Africa and elsewhere. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 269-293 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:269-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferdinand Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinand Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Title: Auditing Capability and Active Living in the Built Environment Abstract: This study examines ‘built environment audit’ frameworks currently used in policy responses to the US obesity epidemic. The study considers the degree to which the informational bases of audits are constrained by their underlying definitions of distributive justice, and which of three kinds of audit—utilitarian, general resource, or capability—and which is most appropriate for informing an urban design response to the obesity epidemic. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 295-315 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:295-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: Children and the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 317-319 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:317-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree Title: Sustainable Development: Capabilities, Needs and Well-Being Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 319-321 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:319-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margot Salomon Author-X-Name-First: Margot Author-X-Name-Last: Salomon Title: Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights: The Role of Multilateral Organisations Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 321-324 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670438 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670438 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:321-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dennis Soltys Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Author-X-Name-Last: Soltys Title: Improving Global Health Patterns of Potential Human Progress, Volume 3 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 324-326 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:324-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Introduction Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 331-334 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.691348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.691348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:331-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Title: Trade-off, Comparative Evaluation and Global Obligation: Reflections on the Poverty, Gender and Education Millennium Development Goals Abstract: This article considers how the capability approach has been linked with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poses the question derived from a number of critical commentaries as to whether the approach has provided a robust enough critique of the exploitative relations associated with global corporate capitalism. It focuses on the first three MDGs concerned with poverty, education and gender, and shows how writers working within the human development and capability approach literature adopt a range of views with regard to the MDGs. Some oppose the framework, some welcome it, and some write as critical friends. Many comment explicitly on the problems of capitalism and global inequality. Ideas of trade-off and comparative evaluation associated with the approach are examined in relation to thinking about global obligation and justice under conditions of inequality. The argument for ‘more justice’ associated with the approach is seen to be in need of clearer specification, and Robyen's deployment of the capability approach to elucidate principles of gender justice is seen to provide a particularly nuanced way of thinking about problems associated with gender inequality, poverty and education. Empirical data collected from discussions in Kenya and South Africa with teachers responsible for implementing the education, poverty and gender components of the MDGs show how these can be interpreted in terms of a trade-off or used to invite more open reflective discussion on forms of gender justice and capabilities, suggesting new ways for thinking about a post-2015 successor framework to the MDGs. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 335-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.681296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.681296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:335-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan DeJaeghere Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: DeJaeghere Title: Public Debate and Dialogue from a Capabilities Approach: Can it Foster Gender Justice in Education? Abstract: State institutions and transnational civil society organizations play an important role in constructing the public discourses and undertaking interventions related to gender equality and education. However, interventions often directed at girls and institutional approaches aimed at securing rights to education have been limited in transforming gender injustices in other societal spaces. The capabilities approach, and particularly the concepts of public debate and dialogue, offers another approach to engage top-down institutional approaches and bottom-up initiatives in the work toward gender justice. This paper provides an analysis of how actors in an international NGO's gender and education program engage in public debate and dialogue. I draw on feminist scholars’ concepts of voice and recognition, the public sphere and ‘rational’ debate, and solidarities among transnational actors to extend how public debate and dialogue can be enacted by NGO actors to transform gender inequalities. This analysis also reveals the challenges and limits of engaging in public debate and dialogue to foster gender justice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 353-371 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:353-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Marina Santi Author-X-Name-First: Marina Author-X-Name-Last: Santi Title: The Missing Dimensions of Children's Well-being and Well-becoming in Education Systems: Capabilities and Philosophy for Children Abstract: The objectives of this paper are twofold. The first is to consider how the capability approach can help rethink the policy goals of educational systems by analysing well-being and well-becoming from an individual and societal point of view. The second is to explore Philosophy for Children as a suitable pedagogical approach to promote capable agents and enhance critical, creative and caring thinking. The paper is divided into four parts. After a background is sketched, the capability approach and the concept of evolving capabilities are disentangled in order to rethink educational systems. The Philosophy for Children approach is then presented as a pedagogical base and possible instrument to foster the individual faculties (creativity, critical thinking and care) needed to flourish and participate fully in society (these are usually missing in achievement-based educational systems). In the final part of the paper the main elements of change are recalled and some conclusions are offered. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 373-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.694858 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.694858 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:373-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fr�d�rique Brossard Børhaug Author-X-Name-First: Fr�d�rique Brossard Author-X-Name-Last: Børhaug Title: Rethinking Antiracist Education in the Light of the Capability Approach Abstract: In anti-racist education, it is important to reflect on the pitfalls of the ideal of equality in order to obtain greater social justice. Too narrow an understanding of equality without an acknowledgment of the individual's ethnic identity provides fragile grounds when dealing with the social and cultural recognition of minority pupils. The capability approach contributes to discussing theoretically the anti-racist dialectical aim of equality and difference. In assessing the individual's capability to combine his/her own substantive freedoms within his/her specific living, it also gives the possibility to evaluate the concrete social arrangements and resources available to minority pupils. If considering the curriculum as a resource, French and Norwegian school discourses in civic education offer too few conversion possibilities for minority youth to expand their capabilities in the multicultural society and to use their own voice in order to build self-governance based on self-mobilization and self-articulation of concrete cultural and social aspirations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-413 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:397-413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko Title: Educational Attainment and School-to-work Conversion of Roma in Romania: Adapting to Feasible Means or Ends? Abstract: Education is one of the surest ways for individuals to expand their capability set and can even be inherently valuable. This paper questions the assumption that education is something that all ‘have reason to value’ if it does not bring clear benefits but rather interrupts the pursuit of other valuable opportunities. This is a particularly salient trade-off for many desperately impoverished Roma. This statistical analysis reveals that, ceteris paribus, Roma have 77% lower odds of finishing eighth grade. Regardless of education, they have 57% lower odds of employment and two and a half times the odds of winding up in unskilled labor. Not only are Roma completing fewer years of schooling than non-Roma, they are less able to convert that schooling into gainful employment, forcing us to ask whether Roma might be exhibiting adaptive preferences not just regarding the feasibility of getting an education but regarding the ends of that effort. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 415-450 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:415-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Title: Rethinking the Quality of Universities: How Can Human Development Thinking Contribute? Abstract: University quality and its measurement have been strongly on the agenda of university policy since the 1980s. There is no consensus about what a good university is, but increasingly priority has been given to a narrow focus on contribution to supporting economic production and growth, as part of an economy-centred and market-centred conception of society. We argue that a human development approach is also very often relevant in educational policy and evaluation and can assist us to define and characterize a good university. From the following core values of human development—well-being, participation and empowerment, equity and diversity, and sustainability—we propose a list of dimensions for a human development orientation in research, teaching, social engagement and university governance, and then discuss the implications of these values and how they can be used in evaluation and steering of universities' work. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 451-470 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:451-470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diane Wood Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Author-Name: Luisa S. Deprez Author-X-Name-First: Luisa S. Author-X-Name-Last: Deprez Title: Teaching for Human Well-being: Curricular Implications for the Capability Approach Abstract: Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum state clearly that education is a foundational capacity intrinsically important for human well-being and an enabling capacity for people to live lives they have reason to value. This article explores the resonance the capability approach (CA) has for the authors who, as veteran educators, have drawn their core professional values from democratic, critical, and feminist approaches to pedagogy. The CA provides a critical, generative lens for guiding and assessing curriculum development and pedagogical practices. To aid in their critical reflection and dialogue, the authors developed a heuristic to explore the following question: given contemporary educational challenges, what does the CA have to offer educators who have embraced libratory pedagogical principles? The authors conclude that the CA to education can be a powerful antidote to disturbing and dehumanizing past conditions, present realities, and current trends in education. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 471-493 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:471-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Peppin Author-X-Name-Last: Vaughan Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Capabilities, Values and Education Policy Abstract: This paper outlines and explores a key obstacle to evaluating education policy using the capability approach. According to the capability approach, education policy should be targeted towards expanding people's capabilities. Values are central to an individual's capability set, because they determine the functionings important to them, and therefore the capabilities which are valuable to that individual. However, it is argued here that education has a more complex function than other areas of social policy, as education is able to influence and transfer values much more directly. How do we examine the relationship between education and the expansion of an individual's capabilities, if at the same time the process of education may directly determine the very nature of the capability set itself? As a solution, a form of education is proposed that would enable students to become aware of the values they hold, and develop them further through fostering critical thinking, practical reason, and access to knowledge, rather than directly imparting values to students. We illustrate this drawing on a recent project on higher education and transformation in South Africa. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 495-512 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:495-512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: Closing the Capabilities Gap: Renegotiating Social Justice for the Young Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 513-515 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:513-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Title: Pobreza y Solidaridad Social en la Argentina: Aportes desde el Enfoque de las Capacidades Humanas [Poverty and Social Solidarity in Argentina: Contributions from the Human Capability Approach] Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 515-517 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:515-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Rezaei Author-X-Name-First: Alireza Author-X-Name-Last: Rezaei Title: Human Rights in Our Own Backyard: Injustice and Resistance in the United States Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 517-519 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:517-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. B. Atkinson Author-X-Name-First: A. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson Title: Public Economics after The Idea of Justice Abstract: In this first lecture in honour of Amartya Sen, I examine the lessons that can be drawn from The Idea of Justice for public economics and the extent to which public economics has already moved in the direction advocated by Sen. More specifically, I focus on the current fiscal austerity programmes, and how the tools of public economics can be used to contribute to public reasoning about such programmes. I argue that they can help us think about the balance between cutting spending and raising taxes, and about the key role of public investment. But the Sen critique of welfare economics mean that we have to re-think public economics. The subject has been slow to absorb new ideas for the evaluative basis, and public economics, while extending its positive analysis to allow for international interactions, has failed to develop a normative approach to global justice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 521-536 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.703171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.703171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:521-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Pogge Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge Title: The Health Impact Fund: Enhancing Justice and Efficiency in Global Health Abstract: Some 18 million people die annually from poverty-related causes. Many more are suffering grievously from treatable medical conditions. These burdens can be substantially reduced by supplementing the rules governing pharmaceutical innovation. Established by the World Trade Organization's TRIPS Agreement, these rules cause advanced medicines to be priced beyond the reach of the poor and steer medical research away from diseases concentrated among them. We should complement these rules with the Health Impact Fund (HIF). Financed by many governments, the HIF would offer any new pharmaceutical product the opportunity to participate, during its first 10 years, in the HIF's annual reward pools, receiving a share equal to its share of the assessed health impact of all HIF-registered products. In exchange, the innovator would have to agree to make this product available worldwide at the lowest feasible cost of manufacture. Fully consistent with TRIPS, the HIF achieves three key advances. It directs some pharmaceutical innovation toward the most serious diseases, including those concentrated among the poor. It makes all HIF-registered medicines cheaply available to all. And it incentivizes innovators to promote the optimal use of their HIF-registered medicines. Magnifying one another's effects, these advances would engender large global health gains. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 537-559 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.703172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.703172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:537-559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Neumayer Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Neumayer Title: Human Development and Sustainability Abstract: This article reviews existing linkages between the two broad concepts of human development and sustainability and discusses ways in which the often separate literatures can learn from each other. It proposes a practical way in which the measurements of human development and sustainability can be linked with each other. Empirical results for both a weak and a strong sustainability indicator are presented for the time period 1980--2006. The most important policy conclusion derived from these results is that countries of high to very high human development face the double task of achieving strong sustainability by severing the link between high human development and strongly unsustainable carbon emissions and helping other countries, particularly those with low levels of human development, to achieve weak sustainability in the first place and strong sustainability eventually. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 561-579 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:561-579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Sayer Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Sayer Title: Capabilities, Contributive Injustice and Unequal Divisions of Labour Abstract: It is argued that the radical implications of the capabilities approach have been widely overlooked, primarily because of a tendency for the approach to be combined with inadequate theories of society, particularly regarding the external conditions enabling or limiting capabilities. While the approach is accepted in principle, by turning to the theory of contributive justice, which focuses on what people are allowed or expected to contribute in terms of work, paid or unpaid, we can see that job shortages and unequal divisions of labour are a major cause of capability inequalities and deficiencies. In so doing the theory helps us to appreciate the radical implications of the capabilities approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 580-596 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693069 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693069 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:580-596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymundo M. Campos-Vázquez Author-X-Name-First: Raymundo M. Author-X-Name-Last: Campos-Vázquez Author-Name: Roberto V�lez-Grajales Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: V�lez-Grajales Title: Did Population Well-being Improve During Porfirian Mexico? A Regional Analysis using a Quasi-Human Development Index Abstract: It is argued that economic growth during the Porfiriato did not improve the well-being of the Mexican population. One explanation for such result is that the economic growth pattern was skewed and benefited more the northern states and less the southern ones. Following the estimation method of the Human Development Index, we calculate a Quasi-Human Development Index for the Mexican states during the period 1895--1910. Results show that at the start of the period (1895) the northern states were already the most developed. During the next 15 years this pattern was maintained and the dispersion in human development increased marginally. Finally, it is shown that the true losers of the Porfiriato were the states surrounding Mexico City and not the southern ones. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 597-620 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693066 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693066 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:597-620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon Title: Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped our World and Will Define our Future Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 621-622 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:621-622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moses Kibe Kihiko Author-X-Name-First: Moses Kibe Author-X-Name-Last: Kihiko Title: Religion and Poverty: Pan-African Perspectives Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 623-624 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:623-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keerty Nakray Author-X-Name-First: Keerty Author-X-Name-Last: Nakray Title: Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Agents of Change Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 625-626 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:625-626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann Title: The Capability Approach and Sustainability Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.751744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.751744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amartya Sen Author-X-Name-First: Amartya Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: The Ends and Means of Sustainability Abstract: The idea of ‘sustainability’ received serious attention in the so-called Brundtland Commission Report that has many attractive features. In particular, it highlighted the importance of intergenerational justice while maintaining a concern for the poor of each generation and shifted the focus away from resources to human beings. I argue that this way of understanding sustainability, while a great improvement, is still incomplete. There are important grounds for favouring a freedom-oriented view, focusing on crucial freedoms that people have reason to value. Human freedoms include the fulfilment of needs, but also the liberty to define and pursue our own goals, objectives and commitments, no matter how they link with our own particular needs. Human beings are reflective creatures and are able to reason about and decide what they would like to happen, rather than being compellingly led by their own needs—biological or social. A fuller concept of sustainability has to aim at sustaining human freedoms, rather than only at our ability to fulfil our felt needs. Some empirical examples are given to illustrate the distinctive nature and the reasoned importance of seeing sustainability in terms of sustaining human freedoms and capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 6-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747492 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747492 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:6-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krushil Watene Author-X-Name-First: Krushil Author-X-Name-Last: Watene Title: Nussbaum's Capability Approach and Future Generations Abstract: In her Frontiers of Justice, Nussbaum leaves the problem of future generations to one side, on the back of the assertion that Rawls' theory can be extended to give plausible answers to it. Neither a discussion of the merits of Rawls' solution and how it fits in with her theory, nor of how the inclusion of future generations impacts on her own theory is provided. Following an examination of Rawls' solution to future generations, this article contends that it is unclear how (and whether) Nussbaum is able to accept Rawls' (so-called) solution given fundamental differences in their theories. More importantly, this article demonstrates that Nussbaum overlooks the problem of future generations at significant cost. In leaving this problem to one side, Nussbaum underplays the significance of future generations and overlooks the way this problem bears on her theory. This article shows that future generations place pressure on fundamental elements in Nussbaum's capability theory—including, for instance, the capability for bodily integrity, the threshold level of dignity and the (partial) incompleteness. In highlighting these shortfalls, this article concludes with an account of some of the challenges to consider in constructing a capability theory able to deal with future generations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 21-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:21-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree Title: Sustainable Development: Does the Capability Approach have Anything to Offer? Outlining a Legitimate Freedom Approach Abstract: Although the sustainability of development is one of the most important problems facing the world, it has received little attention from the capability approach. This article asks whether the capability approach has anything to offer the debate that has continued for over a quarter of a century. Answering positively, the article outlines a legitimate freedom approach as a fruitful way forward. The approach draws on Thomas Scanlon's contractualist ethics, suggesting ways to understand the limits to freedoms, the non-identity problem and environmental ethics. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 40-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.748721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.748721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:40-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wouter Peeters Author-X-Name-First: Wouter Author-X-Name-Last: Peeters Author-Name: Jo Dirix Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Dirix Author-Name: Sigrid Sterckx Author-X-Name-First: Sigrid Author-X-Name-Last: Sterckx Title: Putting Sustainability into Sustainable Human Development Abstract: Abating the threat climate change poses to the lives of future people clearly challenges our development models. The 2011 Human Development Report rightly focuses on the integral links between sustainability and equity. However, the human development and capabilities approach emphasizes the expansion of people's capabilities simpliciter, which is questionable in view of environmental sustainability. We argue that capabilities should be defined as triadic relations between an agent, constraints and possible functionings. This triadic syntax particularly applies to climate change: since people's lives and capabilities are dependent on the environment, sustainable human development should also include constraining human activities in order to prevent losses in future people's well-being due to the adverse effects of exacerbated climate change. On this basis, we will advocate that the goals of sustainable human development should be informed by a framework that consists of enhancing capabilities up to a threshold level, as well as constraining the functionings beyond this threshold in terms of their greenhouse gas emissions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 58-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.748019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.748019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:58-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J�rôme Pelenc Author-X-Name-First: J�rôme Author-X-Name-Last: Pelenc Author-Name: Minkieba Kevin Lompo Author-X-Name-First: Minkieba Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Lompo Author-Name: J�rôme Ballet Author-X-Name-First: J�rôme Author-X-Name-Last: Ballet Author-Name: Jean-Luc Dubois Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Dubois Title: Sustainable Human Development and the Capability Approach: Integrating Environment, Responsibility and Collective Agency Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to address three major shortcomings of Sen's capability approach with regard to sustainability: (i) First, the weakness of the ecological dimension of the capability framework. This can be overcome by devising a place where it is possible to relate the intrinsic and instrumental values of Nature; (ii) Second, the issue of responsibility, which is only considered from a consequentialist viewpoint by Sen (i.e. ex-post responsibility). Such a restrictive view can be extended by adding the ex-ante dimension of responsibility; (iii) Third, the relationship between the individual and collective levels. This can be overcome by introducing the idea of collective agency. Overcoming these limitations makes it possible to fully integrate the ecological dimension into an extended vision of the capability approach which makes it consistent with strong sustainability, and which leads to a new definition of the agent as a responsible person acting so as to generate sustainable human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 77-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:77-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer Title: Re-conceptualizing Sustainable Development on the Basis of the Capability Approach: A Model and Its Difficulties Abstract: This article sketches a re-conceptualization of sustainable development (SD) on the basis of Sen's capability approach (CA). The notion of sustainable development was developed as a compromise in a political process and has been reinterpreted (some say diluted) again and again over the last 20 years. When modelling the notion through the lenses of the capability approach, difficulties occur that are at the core of SD and of CA or that are due to their combination. This article shows why it is not easy to replace ‘needs’ in the Brundtland definition of SD with ‘capabilities’. In our model, the differences between systemic and individual levels become clear and herewith the necessity to include both when dealing with issues of SD. The most salient difficulties relate to the multidimensionality and dynamics on both levels. Confronted with these difficulties, demanding individuals to consciously choose sustainable actions seems to be heroic. We propose two ways to alleviate the cognitive and moral burden on individuals by concentrating on the natural environment and by introducing collective institutions. Both alleviations are far from evident, however; this concerns their justification as well as their operationalization. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 95-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:95-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emily Schultz Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Schultz Author-Name: Marius Christen Author-X-Name-First: Marius Author-X-Name-Last: Christen Author-Name: Lieske Voget-Kleschin Author-X-Name-First: Lieske Author-X-Name-Last: Voget-Kleschin Author-Name: Paul Burger Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Burger Title: A Sustainability-Fitting Interpretation of the Capability Approach: Integrating the Natural Dimension by Employing Feedback Loops Abstract: Combining the Capability Approach (CA) with Sustainable Development (SD) is a promising project that has gained much attention. Recently, scholars from both perspectives have worked on narrowing gaps between these development approaches, with a focus on the connection between the CA as a partial justice theory and SD as a concept embracing justice and ecological fragility and relative scarcity. We argue that to base an SD conception on the CA, the CA must be further developed. To provide the rationale for this claim, we begin by clarifying how we look upon the relation between SD and the CA and how we understand SD (1). We then argue for an integration of the natural dimension in the CA (2). By analyzing similarities of recent contributions integrating the natural dimension, we identify how the CA structure may be developed to include the recursive relation between the human and natural dimensions and especially to include the circumstances of justice relevant to SD (3). Finally, we argue that a new recursive and dynamic CA structure is related to the debate on criteria for ‘valuable’ in the term ‘valuable functionings’ and that this points to an expansion of the CA's evaluative space (4). Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 115-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:115-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tuuli Hirvilammi Author-X-Name-First: Tuuli Author-X-Name-Last: Hirvilammi Author-Name: Senja Laakso Author-X-Name-First: Senja Author-X-Name-Last: Laakso Author-Name: Michael Lettenmeier Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Lettenmeier Author-Name: Satu Lähteenoja Author-X-Name-First: Satu Author-X-Name-Last: Lähteenoja Title: Studying Well-being and its Environmental Impacts: A Case Study of Minimum Income Receivers in Finland Abstract: Current well-being research often overlooks human dependency on natural resources and undervalues the way environmental impacts affect human activities. This article argues that the capability approach provides an applicable framework for inquiring into ecologically sustainable well-being. Therefore, this pilot study aims to develop a research method for integrating the measurement of natural resource use with capability-based well-being research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 Finnish minimum income receivers and their natural resource use (material footprints) was measured in five central functionings by using the Material Input Per Unit of Service (MIPS) method. The connections between capabilities, functionings and material footprints are interpreted from a person-centered perspective in order to explain the individual variety in material footprints. The results show that the material footprints of minimum income receivers are smaller than with an average Finn but they still exceed what is estimated to be an ecologically sustainable level of natural resource use. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 134-154 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747490 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747490 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:134-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Nussbaum on the Capabilities Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 156-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:156-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Wolff Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff Author-Name: Avner de-Shalit Author-X-Name-First: Avner Author-X-Name-Last: de-Shalit Title: On Fertile Functionings: A Response to Martha Nussbaum Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-165 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762177 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:161-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell Title: Linking Capabilities to Social Justice: Moving towards a Framework for Making Public Policy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 166-171 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762179 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:166-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Alexander Clark Author-X-Name-First: David Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Creating Capabilities, Lists and Thresholds: Whose Voices, Intuitions and Value Judgements Count? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 172-184 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:172-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Title: Educating Capabilities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-188 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:185-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paola León-Ross Author-X-Name-First: Paola Author-X-Name-Last: León-Ross Author-Name: Gale Summerfield Author-X-Name-First: Gale Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield Author-Name: Mary Arends-Kuenning Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Arends-Kuenning Title: Exploring Latina/Latino Migrants' Adaptation to the Economic Crisis in the US Heartland: A Capability Approach Abstract: This paper employs the capability approach to explore how Latina/Latino migrants in Central Illinois—an area of the Midwest (or Heartland) that lies outside the traditional metropolitan destinations—were coping with the local effects of the global economic crisis of the late 2000s. The crisis affected the capabilities of Latina/Latino migrants to pursue work that provided sufficient income to meet their families' basic needs. Exacerbating the crisis were high prices for food that persisted in the wake of the food price crisis of 2007/08 and further limited purchasing power. Using a case study, we focus on the migrants' capabilities to have control over their environment through employment and entrepreneurship, as well as agency in use of their income (such as sending remittances), which affects the capabilities of affiliation, respect, and emotions. In the 20 in-depth interviews with migrant women and men, we find that most interviewees reported their hours and pay had been cut. Strategies included cutting back on remittances, turning to self-employment, and some new use of support programs. The strategies had different gender dimensions with implications for capabilities that often made them more challenging for male migrants than female migrants. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 195-213 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693068 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693068 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:195-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Manion Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Manion Author-Name: Francine Menashy Author-X-Name-First: Francine Author-X-Name-Last: Menashy Title: The Prospects and Challenges of Reforming the World Bank's Approach to Gender and Education: Exploring the Value of the Capability Policy Model in The Gambia Abstract: The World Bank is currently the lead education research and lending body operating internationally, including in the area of girls’ education. As such, the World Bank wields considerable power in terms of shaping the policy agendas of borrower nations and for this reason is scrutinized in this paper for its privileging of an economic-instrumentalist normative framework for education policy development within which formal schooling is viewed exclusively as a means for economic growth, rather than as a potential tool for the achievement of social justice. An analysis of World Bank work in The Gambian education sector is used to illustrate the limits of a human capital-driven, economic-instrumentalist approach to education policy, with specific attention paid to gender and education issues and related policy solutions. We ultimately argue the value of the World Bank adopting the human capability policy approach as a means to advance World Bank education sector work. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 214-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693909 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693909 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:214-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Lompo Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Lompo Author-Name: Jean-Francois Trani Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Francois Author-X-Name-Last: Trani Title: Does Corporate Social Responsibility Contribute to Human Development in Developing Countries? Evidence from Nigeria Abstract: Oil companies have been facing criticism linked to their activities in developing countries from various human rights organizations as well as non-governmental organizations and the media. To change this negative perception, companies have been increasingly promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, which aim at improving living conditions of local communities in oil exploitation areas. In this paper, we explore the impact on the well-being of communities of two kinds of CSR initiatives implemented in two areas of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Using multidimensional exploratory methods and checking for robustness using binary logistic regression, we investigate the outcome of CSR initiatives on individuals' empowerment, community participation, and access to basic capabilities such as education, health, shelter, electricity, water and sanitation. Our results show that there is a limited benefit in terms of human development for the population. However, the impact differs according to the strategy of implementation: ‘top-down’ non-participatory approaches to CSR extend the access to basic capabilities for some privileged socio-economic groups, while ‘bottom-up’ participatory approaches positively impact collective capabilities of the whole community, but these more recent initiatives have, to date, little effect on the expansion of basic capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 241-265 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.784727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.784727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:241-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chad Kleist Author-X-Name-First: Chad Author-X-Name-Last: Kleist Title: A Discourse Ethics Defense of Nussbaum's Capabilities Theory Abstract: This paper will begin with an explication of the central tenets of Nussbaum's capabilities theory. The next section examines Nussabum's two-fold justification of capabilities; namely, the substantive good approach (or intuitionism), which serves as the primary justification, and a version of Kantian proceduralism, which provides ancillary support. The following section focuses on Jaggar's critique of Nussbaum. Here, I will discuss three criteria of adequacy for a global ethic and their importance, why we should accept them and how both of Nussbaum's justification strategies fail to satisfy them. In the fifth section, I propose a version of discourse ethics as an alternative justification for capabilities that can satisfy the adequacy discerned from Jaggar's critique. This account of discourse ethics reveals that intersubjective dialogue under certain conditions is more likely to provide adequate justification of capabilities, and those engaged in dialogue are also likely to develop practical reason and affiliation. So this method of justification does not merely ground the capabilities, but helps people realize them. Finally, the sixth section presents an example from the Self-Employed Women's Association as a real-life case illustrating how this version of discourse ethics can be manifested. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 266-284 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:266-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bingjie Hu Author-X-Name-First: Bingjie Author-X-Name-Last: Hu Author-Name: Ronald U. Mendoza Author-X-Name-First: Ronald U. Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza Title: Public Health Spending, Governance and Child Health Outcomes: Revisiting the Links Abstract: This paper empirically examines the determinants of child health in developing countries and how public policy may interact with these determinants. It improves on previous empirical studies by conducting a more careful analysis of the determinants controlling for possible endogeneity, and by using a more comprehensive and richer panel dataset, drawing on a health database covering 136 countries over 1960--2005, supplemented by the latest World Development Indicators dataset as well as data on a broad variety of alternative indicators of governance, such as those from the International Country Risk Guide and the Open Budget Index. We find that both public spending on healthcare and the quality of governance matter for the reduction of child mortality rates. However, our mixed results on the interaction of governance with public spending throw some doubt on the conclusiveness of previous empirical studies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 285-311 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.765392 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.765392 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:285-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeffrey Swindle Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Swindle Title: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking about the Nature of Poverty Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 312-314 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785225 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785225 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:312-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kalpana Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Kalpana Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Title: Gender and Green Governance: The Political Economy of Women's Presence within and beyond Community Forestry Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 314-316 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:314-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christiaan M. De Beukelaer Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan M. Author-X-Name-Last: De Beukelaer Title: Culture, Development and Social Theory: Towards an Integrated Social Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 316-318 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785223 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785223 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:316-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaushik Basu Author-X-Name-First: Kaushik Author-X-Name-Last: Basu Title: Group Identity, Productivity and Well-being Policy Implications for Promoting Development Abstract: The role of a person's group identity and sense of integration into society as a determinant of the person's productivity and capability has been vastly underestimated in the literature. We talk of policies to subsidize the poor and give direct support to alleviate poverty. These are important but, in the long run, it is critical that we instill in people a sense of belonging and having certain basic rights as citizens. This paper tries to advance this perspective by building a new model where a person's community identity matters, ex post, in determining whether he or she will be poor, even though all persons are identical ex ante. The paper also draws on data collected from a non-governmental organization-run school in Kolkata to illustrate the role of a school child's sense of 'belonging' in determining how the child performs academically. The theory and the empirical work are inputs into the larger and more general idea that when people feel marginalized in a society they tend to 'give up'. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to the policy implications of these analytical ideas and empirical results in the context of policy-making. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 323-340 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:323-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Djavad Salehi-Isfahani Author-X-Name-First: Djavad Author-X-Name-Last: Salehi-Isfahani Title: Rethinking Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa: The Missing Dimensions Abstract: In this paper I review the state of human development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and its evolution in the past four decades. I highlight the following salient characteristics of MENA economies that shape human development in the region: high income from hydrocarbon exports, which drive a wedge between individual productivity and consumption; demographic factors, such as delayed fertility transition and rapid growth of the youth population; imbalances in the labor markets, evidenced by high rates of youth unemployment and low participation of women in the labor market; high investment in schooling but with low productivity of education; and imbalance in marriage markets resulting in delayed marriage. I argue that these regional characteristics affect welfare and human development in MENA countries deeply but in ways that are not easily captured by standard human development measurement. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 341-370 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764851 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764851 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:341-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Title: The Millennium Development Goals Beyond 2015: Old Frameworks and New Constructs Abstract: This paper seeks to analyse Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in prospect rather than retrospect. In doing so, it begins with a critical evaluation of their conception and design to focus on limitations that must be addressed. In contemplating the future of MDGs beyond 2015, it suggests that such a framework is necessary but should not be more of the same. Thus, it explores possible options, such as structural flexibility at the national level and cognition of inequality in outcomes, which could provide the foundations of a modified framework or alternative construct. The paper argues that developing countries also need to reformulate policies, redesign strategies and rethink development in their respective national contexts for attainment of the MDGs. In the international context, where the focus has been narrow and the progress has so far been slow in the MDGs, there is need for cooperation among developing countries, through better bargaining and collective action, which provides an opportunity to reshape unfair rules in the world economy that encroach upon policy space so essential for development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 371-392 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764853 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764853 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:371-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joel Ian Deichmann Author-X-Name-First: Joel Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Deichmann Author-Name: Dominique Haughton Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Author-X-Name-Last: Haughton Author-Name: Charles Malgwi Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Malgwi Author-Name: Olumayokun Soremekun Author-X-Name-First: Olumayokun Author-X-Name-Last: Soremekun Title: Kohonen Self-organizing Maps as a Tool for Assessing Progress toward the UN Millennium Development Goals Abstract: This paper introduces Kohonen self-organizing maps to the scholarly discussion of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We use data through the MDGs' approximate mid-point (2000--2008) to analyze three world regions: Africa, Asia and Latin America. We observe a handful of countries that showcase noteworthy progress, including Ghana, Senegal, China, Vietnam, India, and Brazil, and then examine more closely the three major regions of developing countries: Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Major statistical differences within Africa separate the northern and southern regions from the central, eastern and western regions. In contrast, Latin America and Asia are largely homogeneous in the MDG measures with the exceptions of Afghanistan, Haiti, and Bolivia, which lag far behind. The substantial differences between Africa and the other continents (and indeed within Africa itself) appear to be mainly attributable to deficiencies in education and information and communications technology infrastructure, both areas that are imperative for the achievement of other MDGs. The paper demonstrates self-organizing maps to be a useful tool in evaluating differential convergence over the three time periods under investigation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 393-419 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.784728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.784728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:393-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Author-Name: Benson H. K. Karanja Author-X-Name-First: Benson H. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Karanja Author-Name: Christian Dietsche Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Dietsche Title: Toilet Monuments: An Investigation of Innovation for Human Development Abstract: The article reviews the role of capability innovations, defined as the carrying out of new combinations of capabilities, in human development. Drawing on a recognized social innovation in sanitation--the ikotoilets of Kenya's Ecotact--the article makes a threefold argument. Firstly, indirect conversion factors are an important element in the success or failure of an innovation. In our sanitation case study, these factors help to explain why the public toilets in urban centres are a success story and those in the slums a story of difficulty. Secondly, not to take into account direct and indirect conversion factors is to commit explanatory commodity fetishism. Goods are taken as given. However, they are the product of human design, including options for capability impact, and this accordingly needs to be taken into account. Thirdly, applying the capabilities approach to innovation suggests that it is fruitful to distinguish analytically two different scaling strategies regarding the replication of capability innovations, which the article calls 'the lab' and 'the family' strategies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 420-440 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:420-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharada Srinivasan Author-X-Name-First: Sharada Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan Author-Name: Arjun S. Bedi Author-X-Name-First: Arjun S. Author-X-Name-Last: Bedi Title: Census 2011 and Child Sex Ratios in Tamil Nadu: A Comment Abstract: Inspired by Narayana's article published in this journal, this comment revisits the conclusion of a policy-driven decline in daughter elimination in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu using recently released data from Census 2011. Consistent with Narayana's work we find evidence to support the conclusion that government and non-governmental organization interventions have played a role in reducing gender differences in survival. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 441-451 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.765393 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.765393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:441-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Beck Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Title: The Human Right to Health Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 452-454 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:452-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elizabeth Radin Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Radin Title: Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Slum Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 454-456 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:454-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marianne S. Ulriksen Author-X-Name-First: Marianne S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ulriksen Title: Poverty, Income and Social Protection: International Policy Perspectives Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 456-458 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:456-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iris Van Domselaar Author-X-Name-First: Iris Author-X-Name-Last: Van Domselaar Title: Justice and the Capabilities Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 458-460 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:458-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustav Ranis Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis Author-Name: Xiaoxue Zhao Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoxue Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao Title: Technology and Human Development Abstract: This paper has two main objectives. The first is to focus on the role of technology, in combination with human development, in generating the growth needed for further increases in human development, which is seen as the bottom-line output. The second objective is to explore how technology measured by total factor productivity can itself be better explained by way of examining the role of openness, foreign direct investment and various types of patents. The contrast between Latin America and Asia with respect to these variables is established. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 467-482 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.805318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.805318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:467-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lieske Voget-Kleschin Author-X-Name-First: Lieske Author-X-Name-Last: Voget-Kleschin Title: Employing the Capability Approach in Conceptualizing Sustainable Development Abstract: While both the scientific discourse on the capability approach and the scientific discourse regarding sustainable development in general, and sustainability theory specifically, are broad and well developed, the two discourses are more or less separated. In this contribution I ask if and how far the capability approach can be employed in developing a conception of sustainable development. To this end, I will draw on a formal framework regarding normative theories of sustainable development, distinguishing two dimensions of sustainable development. Subsequently, I will explore if and how far the capability approach offers substantial answers with regard to the questions outlined in this framework. In so doing, I will distinguish the interpretation of the capability approach by Amartya K. Sen and Martha C. Nussbaum respectively. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 483-502 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:483-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Watts Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Watts Title: The Complexities of Adaptive Preferences in Post-compulsory Education: Insights from the Fable of The Fox and the Grapes Abstract: Adaptive preferences are a central justification and ongoing problem for capability analyses of well-being. Orthodox interpretations of what constitutes human flourishing may lead to the misattribution of adaptive preferences and therefore downgrade the importance of human diversity in capability analyses. The complex interplay between adaptation and the multiple realizability of capabilities is addressed in the context of post-compulsory education. Care needs to be taken to distinguish between adaptations to education in general and particular forms of education. Elster's interpretation of adaptive preferences, which he illustrates with reference to the fable of The Fox and the Grapes, is used to offer a conceptual framework that is sensitive to such distinctions. A series of hypothetical examples, located in the field of post-compulsory education, show how freedom of choice can be limited by downgrading and upgrading the inaccessible. It is argued that approaches to human well-being (such as the capability approach) that recognize the validity of different realizations of the good life must also be sensitive to different realizations of adaptive preferences. Although the argument is illustrated with reference to the field of post-compulsory education, its ethical concern makes it pertinent to other aspects of human flourishing. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 503-519 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.800847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.800847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:503-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mansoob Murshed Author-X-Name-First: S. Mansoob Author-X-Name-Last: Murshed Author-Name: Muhammad Saleh Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Saleh Title: Human Capital Accumulation in Pakistan in the Light of Debt, Military Expenditure and Politics Abstract: We investigate factors responsible for low public sector human capital investment in Pakistan. The debt servicing burden coupled with a rising debt stock can impact on human capital expenditure. To account for this, a Debt Net Cost Index is developed to measure the evolving net cost of public debt starting in 1960. Political factors examined are regime type, frequency of elections, quality of democracy, international aid preferences, elite capture in terms of industrial concentration, military burden and external hostility indices. We find that for the period as a whole from 1960 onwards, political factors dominate economic explanations such as the burden of debt servicing in accounting for low levels of human development expenditure. Only during episodes of civilian rule do economic factors in the form of the debt servicing burden become salient. This is because civilian governments are often saddled with inherited debt from earlier military rulers. Pakistan's military regimes have been less resource constrained because of greater external flows, allowing them to spend more on everything, but the rise in human development expenditures was less than proportional to the rise in available resources. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 520-558 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:520-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ina Conradie Author-X-Name-First: Ina Author-X-Name-Last: Conradie Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Aspirations and Human Development Interventions Abstract: What role can aspirations play in small-scale human development interventions? In this paper, we contribute to answering that question with both conceptual and empirical work. Aspirations can play at least two roles in small-scale human development interventions: the capabilities-selecting role and the agency-unlocking role. While aspirations also face the challenge of adaptation to adverse circumstances and unjust social structures, we argue that this challenge can be met by embedding the formulation and expression of aspirations within a setting of public discussion and awareness-raising activities, and that adaptation can be further countered by including a commitment to action. We then report on field research done in Khayelitsha, a township in Cape Town, South Africa, where a group of women went through a process of voicing, examining, and then realizing their aspirations. The action research confirms our theoretical hypotheses. We also do not find any evidence of adaptation of the women's aspirations, and argue that the absence of such adaptation might be a result of active capability selection, reflection, deliberation, and the exercise of agency throughout the action research programme. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 559-580 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:559-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Camfield Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Camfield Author-Name: Keetie Roelen Author-X-Name-First: Keetie Author-X-Name-Last: Roelen Title: Chronic Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life-histories Abstract: Studying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data (life-histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now recognized to provide deep and reliable insights. This paper uses three rounds of panel data and life-histories collected by Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia. It combines a case-centred and a variable-centred approach, analysing and comparing the experiences of individual households (cases) using qualitative and quantitative techniques and interrogating these findings by looking at attributes of households (variables) across a larger sample. The substantive findings on poverty 'drivers' and 'maintainers' support those of previous studies: rainfall, illness, debt, exclusion from the main social protection scheme. But by mixing different types of data and analysis, the paper shows that combinations of factors rather than single events drive households into poverty, and that household characteristics play an important role. The primary contribution of the paper is methodological as it presents a novel method of using life-histories to investigate chronic poverty in rural Ethiopia by generating or testing hypotheses/findings on poverty drivers and maintainers. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 581-602 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:581-602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Jane Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Mary Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Title: Health justice: An Argument from the Capabilities Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 603-605 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847661 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847661 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:603-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi Title: What Makes Poor Countries Poor? Institutional Determinants of Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 605-607 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:605-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Culp Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Culp Title: On Rawls, Development and Global Justice: The Freedom of Peoples Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 607-609 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847663 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847663 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:607-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graciela Tonon Author-X-Name-First: Graciela Author-X-Name-Last: Tonon Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach (2013) Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: iii-viii Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.920578 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.920578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:iii-viii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Author-X-Name-Last: Apsan Frediani Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Title: Approaching Development Projects from a Human Development and Capability Perspective Abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of the human development and capability approach for development project planning, management and evaluation. With reference to the set of five other studies that it introduces, the paper suggests in which areas insights from human development and capability thinking offer advances and in which areas such thinking needs to link with and be complemented or corrected by thinking from other sources and traditions. The paper aims at capturing the learning from recent experiences and studies, both for project planning and for the human capabilities perspective. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.879014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: �lvaro Fern�ndez-Baldor Author-X-Name-First: �lvaro Author-X-Name-Last: Fern�ndez-Baldor Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Pau Lillo Author-X-Name-First: Pau Author-X-Name-Last: Lillo Author-Name: Andr�s Hueso Author-X-Name-First: Andr�s Author-X-Name-Last: Hueso Title: Are technological projects reducing social inequalities and improving people's well-being? A capability approach analysis of renewable energy-based electrification projects in Cajamarca, Peru Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> This paper analyses four renewable energy-based electrification projects that were implemented by the non-governmental organization Practical Action in the rural area of Cajamarca, Peru. Using the capability approach, the research examines the effect of the projects on the things people value. It confirms that projects provide different benefits to the communities (reducing air pollution caused by candles and kerosene, improving access to communication through television and radio, providing the possibility of night study under appropriate light, etc.), but also detects an expansion of the capabilities in other areas not considered by the non-governmental organization such as those related to religion, leisure or community participation. However, the expansion of capabilities is different for men and women. The study reveals the limitations of interventions designed to supply technology, electrification in this particular case, which do not take into account certain elements that can make the use of technology contribute unequally to the expansion of people's capabilities. The paper concludes that technological projects can generate inequalities, and some recommendations are presented in order to address these issues when planning interventions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 13-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:13-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriel Ferrero Y de Loma-Osorio Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrero Y de Loma-Osorio Author-Name: Carlos Salvador Zepeda Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Salvador Author-X-Name-Last: Zepeda Title: Rethinking Development Management Methodology: Towards a "Process Freedoms Approach" Abstract: Despite the change in development thinking towards a multidimensional concept of human development, the fact is that this paradigm shift has not found its parallel evolution in the practice of development planning, monitoring and evaluation. Logic model-based methods, such as results-based management and project-cycle management, are still prevalent independently of the scale or instruments used on development. This paper critically assesses how the capability approach challenges current development management methodologies, based on the results of three case studies constructed as a participant observer under an action-research perspective. Building on Sen's concepts of principles and process freedoms, and on Alkire's core objectives of human development-real freedoms, process freedoms, plural principles and sustainability-we present the possible foundations of an alternative methodology for development interventions, a "Process Freedoms Approach", aimed at better mainstreaming the capability approach within development policies, programmes and projects. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 28-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:28-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Walker Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: Nana Berekashvili Author-X-Name-First: Nana Author-X-Name-Last: Berekashvili Author-Name: Nino Lomidze Author-X-Name-First: Nino Author-X-Name-Last: Lomidze Title: Valuing Time: Time Use Survey, the Capability Approach, and Gender Analysis Abstract: Time use survey is one of the fundamental, and most widely employed, research tools used to bring a gender perspective to project planning. However, narrow interpretations of time use data can distort the understanding of how project-induced time use changes affect women and men's well-being. This paper argues that the application of some of the central concepts of the capability approach can strengthen the scope of time use survey as a gendered planning tool, drawing on the example of the "Alliances" rural economic development project Georgia. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 47-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:47-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini Title: Opportunity Gap Analysis: Procedures and Methods for Applying the Capability Approach in Development Initiatives Abstract: This article explores the importance of and value added by applying the capability approach to strategize, design, monitor or evaluate development initiatives, by operationalizing this agency-oriented (participatory) and opportunity-based perspective and by widening standard methods to deal with new informational spaces. In the first part of the paper a dynamic analytical framework on capabilities expansion/reduction processes-which places at the central stage the opportunity gaps between valuable community functionings and individual capability sets-is presented. These gaps represent the policy area where tailored and appropriate place-specific and people-centred development initiatives can entail the maximum expansion of real freedoms. Then, on the basis of this framework, the paper presents an original participatory methodology-the "O-Gap Analysis"-which can complement standard methods to provide systematized assessments of capabilities within communities to inform policy actions. An empirical case study is also discussed, analysing the application of this methodological procedure regarding a community-based rehabilitation project in Uganda. Applying the capability approach policy interventions cannot be necessarily unique for all individuals or social groups experiencing opportunity gaps for what they have reason to value, as different barriers or mix of barriers and conversion factors, values, desires and aspiration call for tailored people-centred development initiatives. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 60-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:60-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirtha R. Mu�iz Castillo Author-X-Name-First: Mirtha R. Author-X-Name-Last: Mu�iz Castillo Title: Development Projects from the Inside Out: Project Logic, Organizational Practices and Human Autonomy Abstract: This article connects human development thinking to the operational realities of project design and management. It explores how externally supported projects influence the local participants' autonomy, considering that enhanced autonomy promotes long-run development effectiveness. Evidence from four projects in Central America indicates that managers need to understand project logic well beyond a "logframe." Project practices reveal the implicit real assumptions and affect the participants' autonomy and the projects' effectiveness and sustainability. The article examines the projects' "full autonomy logic" and explores the stakeholders' assumptions and values. It looks not only at the expected changes but also at the actual felt changes in participants' lives, based on organizational practices. When practices constrain the opportunities and felt competence of individuals to help themselves, the "development" that is promoted is not sustainable. In contrast, project planners and managers should consciously select autonomy-supportive practices to further sustainable human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 79-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:79-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleanor O'Gorman Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: O'Gorman Title: Horizontal Inequalities and Post-conflict Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 99-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:99-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adolfo Figueroa Author-X-Name-First: Adolfo Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa Title: Inequality and Power: The Economics of Class Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 100-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:100-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thom Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Thom Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Title: Reforming Justice: A Journey to Fairness in Asia Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 101-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:101-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken Title: Technologies of Choice? ICTs, Development and the Capabilities Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 102-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:102-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Alicia Ely Yamin Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Ely Author-X-Name-Last: Yamin Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein Title: The Power of Numbers: A Critical Review of Millennium Development Goal Targets for Human Development and Human Rights Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were heralded as opening a new chapter in international development, and have led to the use of global goals and target-setting as a central instrument defining the international development agenda. Despite this increased importance, little is understood about how they influence policy priorities of key stakeholders, and their broader consequences. While quantification is the key strength of global goals, it also involves simplification, reification and abstraction, which have far-reaching implications for redefining priorities. This paper highlights the key findings and conclusions of the Power of Numbers Project, which undertook 11 case studies of the effects of selected MDG goals/targets, including both the empirical effects on policy priorities and normative effects on development discourses, and drew specifically on human rights principles and human development priorities. While the Project found that the effects varied considerably from one goal/target to another, all led to unintended consequences in diverting attention from other important objectives and reshaping development thinking. Many of the indicators were poorly selected and contributed to distorting effects. The Project concludes that target-setting is a valuable but a limited and blunt tool, and that the methodology for target-setting should be refined to include policy responsiveness in addition to data availability criteria. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 105-117 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.864622 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.864622 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:105-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Title: Global Goals as a Policy Tool: Intended and Unintended Consequences Abstract: Global development goals have become increasingly used by the UN and the international community to promote priority objectives. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the most prominent example of such goals but many others have been set since the 1960s. Despite their prominence and proliferation, little has been written about the concept of global goals as a policy tool, their effectiveness, limitations and broader consequences. This paper explores global development goals as a policy tool, and the mechanisms that have two types of effects: governance effects and knowledge effects. These effects lead to both intended and unintended consequences in influencing international development strategies and action. The paper analyses the MDGs as an example to argue that global goals activate the power of numbers to create incentives for national governments and others to mobilize for important objectives. But the powers of simplification, reification and abstraction lead to broader unintended consequences when the goals are misinterpreted as national planning targets and strategic agendas, and when they enter the language of development to redefine concepts such as development and poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 118-131 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.910180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.910180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:118-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein Author-Name: Ugo Gentilini Author-X-Name-First: Ugo Author-X-Name-Last: Gentilini Author-Name: Andy Sumner Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Sumner Title: National or International Poverty Lines or Both? Setting Goals for Income Poverty after 2015 Abstract: Debate on what should follow the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2015 onwards has mushroomed. A focus on "ending" poverty (however defined) is likely to form a central part of the future framework. This paper discusses MDG 1, income poverty. Our paper is a commentary written to contribute to the set of papers in this special issue. In this paper we argue that there are, alongside valid rationales, important critiques of the targets and indicators selected for the income poverty goal from both the human development and human rights perspectives. These should be taken into account more fully in the debate on what should follow MDG 1 on income poverty reduction (and the implicit hierarchy of placing income poverty as the "first-among-equals" goal). We review the institutional history of the MDG income target along with the critiques, and present data trends to date and projections with regard to income poverty, as well as discussions on the relationship between and relevance of nationally set versus internationally set poverty lines and their use in any post-2015 UN agreement. We argue for the importance of national ownership and the incorporation of context-specific measures of poverty, and that any new poverty goals should be designed with political mobilization as a consideration. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 132-146 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:132-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Amy Orr Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Orr Title: The MDG Hunger Target and the Competing Frameworks of Food Security Abstract: This paper explores the effects of global goals on policies and ideas in development. The paper analyzes the consequences of the Millennium Development Goal hunger target on international development priorities and discourse. We argue that while the target did little to mobilize support to hunger as a global priority, it had more important implications for reshaping food security strategies. It reframed the narrative of hunger around under-nutrition targets that could be reached through narrowly focused and targeted interventions. Since 2000, strategies adopted by high-profile and well-resourced global initiatives emphasize short-term achievements of results, technological solutions, and the important role of the private sector. This contrasts with the 1996 World Food Summit consensus that conceptualized food as a human right, and food security as a multi-dimensional challenge emphasizing social, economic and political change. Although global goals focused on outcomes are intended to be neutral with respect to the strategic means to achieve them, the hunger target reframed the hunger challenge as a consumption issue amenable to short-term, technology-driven solutions. Left out of this frame are the long-term solutions to access, dependence on wage exchange, smallholder production, and social transfers. The choice of indicators also contributed to this simplification, marginalizing issues of vulnerability and instability in access, nutritional quality, and the host of social and political constraints. The target illustrates the power of target setting in framing the international development policy discourse. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 147-160 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:147-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph Van Der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Hoeven Title: Full Employment Target: What Lessons for a Post-2015 Development Agenda? Abstract: Traditional development aid interventions, as formulated in the Millennium Development Goals, might not be the most effective response for the poor to grow out of poverty due to the triple crises of nutrition, finance and environment, in addition to the changing geopolitical landscape. New challenges therefore need to be confronted in a post-2015 agenda, which could be the best part of a global social contract in which all concerns should therefore be discussed in order to reach the goal of full and productive employment. Coherent policies both at national and international levels are needed that go far beyond concerns of development aid and successful technical assistance projects. The challenge is to have these policies well articulated in a post-2015 development agenda, otherwise full employment would remain a lofty and elusive goal. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-175 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.883370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.883370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:161-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Title: Measuring Education for the Millennium Development Goals: Reflections on Targets, Indicators, and a Post-2015 Framework Abstract: Education has a prominent position in the current Millennium Development Goal (MDG) framework; targets on schooling are attached to two of the goals. However, from a human development perspective, the narrow framing of the education targets and indicators in the MDGs had perverse consequences, stemming from the omission of salient aspects of quality, context, and equity. The selected targets limited the capacity of the education sector to support other MDGs. In thinking about indicators for a post-2015 framework, this paper considers the history of how and why the indicators for MDG 2 were selected and puts forward some critical reflections on two alternative indicators for the education goal in a post-2015 framework. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 176-187 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.880673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.880673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:176-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gita Sen Author-X-Name-First: Gita Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Author-Name: Avanti Mukherjee Author-X-Name-First: Avanti Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee Title: No Empowerment without Rights, No Rights without Politics: Gender-equality, MDGs and the post-2015 Development Agenda Abstract: The main argument of this paper is that progress towards gender equality and women's empowerment in the development agenda requires a human rights-based approach, and requires support for the women's movement to activate and energize the agenda. Both are missing from Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 3. Empowerment requires agency along multiple dimensions-sexual, reproductive, economic, political, and legal. However, MDG 3 frames women's empowerment as reducing educational disparities. By omitting other rights and not recognizing the multiple interdependent and indivisible human rights of women, the goal of empowerment is distorted and "development silos" are created. Women's organizations are key actors in pushing past such distortions and silos at all levels, and hence crucial to pushing the gender equality agenda forward. However, the politics of agenda setting also influences funding priorities such that financial support for women's organizations and for substantive women's empowerment projects is limited. To re-focus the post-2015 Development Agenda around human rights, we conclude by outlining an approach of issue-based goals and people-focused targets, which makes substantive space for civil society including women's rights organizations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 188-202 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.884057 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.884057 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:188-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa D�az-Mart�nez Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: D�az-Mart�nez Author-Name: Elizabeth D Gibbons Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth D Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbons Title: The Questionable Power of the Millennium Development Goal to Reduce Child Mortality Abstract: Despite almost a quarter of a century during which the global community pursued the goal of child survival, together with targets for improving child health and nutrition, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) had but one target: the reduction of child mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. MDG4 was untethered from the Millennium Declaration and from the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This paper analyzes the unintended consequences of framing MDG4 in this reductive manner, showing that doing so shrunk the child health agenda, and ignored earlier incipient efforts to embed human rights principles in the pursuit of child survival. The paper also analyzes the evidence of whether the remarkable 47% decline in child mortality since 1990 was a consequence of the mobilizing Power of MDG4's numbers. Change seems due to veterans of the child-survival revolution of the late twentieth century coalescing to overcome MDG4's limitations. By 2010, the coalition began to address the distortions that flowed from disconnecting MDG4 from a human rights framework. The paper concludes with recommendations of selection criteria for indicators to monitor child survival in the post-2015 agenda. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 203-217 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.864621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.864621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:203-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alicia Ely Yamin Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Ely Author-X-Name-Last: Yamin Author-Name: Vanessa M. Boulanger Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa M. Author-X-Name-Last: Boulanger Title: Why Global Goals and Indicators Matter: The Experience of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Millennium Development Goals Abstract: This article begins by providing some context for the selection of targets and indicators chosen to measure Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5, "improvement in maternal health," considering why the broad vision of sexual and reproductive health and (reproductive) rights set out at international conferences in the 1990s was reduced to maternal health in the MDGs in 2001. We consider the intended and unintended consequences to the sexual and reproductive health and rights agenda based on the choices made with respect to the selection of the targets and indicators under MDG 5, and their conversion into national planning tools. Finally, we set out criteria for the selection of goals, targets, and indicators, which we believe should be applied to the post-2015 global development agenda-setting process. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 218-231 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896322 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:218-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass Title: Millennium Development Goal 6: AIDS and the International Health Agenda Abstract: Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6, 'to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases', is unique among the MDGs because it emerged in the context of unprecedented prior international mobilization, especially around HIV/AIDS, thus both reflecting and facilitating an expanding international health agenda. MDG 6 built on the idea of "health as development", originally articulated at the 1978 conference on primary health at Alma-Ata, but was profoundly shaped by the political traction and fund-raising successes of AIDS activism and the international AIDS response. This underpinned the expansion of MDG 6 targets to include antiretroviral treatment, helped forge partnerships to reduce the prices of antiretroviral treatment and essential medicine, thereby contributing to MDG 8 ("building partnerships for development") and, in high HIV-prevalence regions, also to MDGs 4 and 5 (maternal and child health). The UN High-Level Panel on the post-2015 development agenda recommends setting country-level health targets to achieve healthcare for all. Targets can help citizens hold governments to account by providing a focus for mobilization and a yardstick to measure progress. The data collection and policy monitoring pioneered by UNAIDS, and the involvement and support for civil society organizations achieved through the AIDS response, must be continued for this broader health agenda to succeed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 232-246 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:232-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malcolm Langford Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm Author-X-Name-Last: Langford Author-Name: Inga Winkler Author-X-Name-First: Inga Author-X-Name-Last: Winkler Title: Muddying the Water? Assessing Target-based Approaches in Development Cooperation for Water and Sanitation Abstract: In the debate on the post-2015 development agenda, a clear preference exists for simple and quantifiable targets. The water sector provides a useful perspective in which to evaluate the use of this strategy because it has been subject to quantitative target setting since 1976. We critically analyze two early periods of target setting together with their most recent incarnation in the Millennium Development Goals. In so doing, we identify two stories concerning the utility of such a turn to metrics: the first is a perennial and at times justified optimism in target setting, and the second is a more cautionary tale about the dangers of measurement and its tendency to gloss over challenging but significant issues. In addition, we offer some brief conclusions on the implications for the post-2015 agenda and some potential measurement alternatives. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 247-260 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896321 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896321 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:247-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: The City is Missing in the Millennium Development Goals Abstract: The scale and pace of urbanization in the economic and social transformations of developing countries continue to be among the most overlooked phenomena of the twenty-first century. Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7, Target 11 focuses on improving the living conditions of 100 million slum dwellers-about 5% of projected urban growth in developing countries from 2000 to 2020. The target is not precise, nor evidence based, nor framed to allow rigorous confirmation of achievement or not. Most importantly, it diverts policy and public attention away from the central role of cities as the sites of production of more than 60% of gross domestic product in most countries, the role of cities in recovery from the global economic crisis, and as a site of impact and remedy of climate change. Target 11 thus "misses the target" of urban development and, more broadly, the target of development and human development altogether. It demonstrates the "power of framing" policy objectives and the "power of targets" that result in agenda setting. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 261-274 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899564 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899564 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:261-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aldo Caliari Author-X-Name-First: Aldo Author-X-Name-Last: Caliari Title: Analysis of Millennium Development Goal 8: A Global Partnership for Development Abstract: This article inquires into what have been the normative and empirical impacts of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 8's choice of targets and indicators on human rights. It identifies some principles on the duty of international cooperation for the achievement of human rights and applies them through a set of questions as to the targets and indicators of MDG 8. The article assesses whether the chosen targets and indicators for MDG 8 enhanced accountability of rich countries for the extraterritorial human rights impacts of their economic policies, whether they increased participation in the design of economic development policies, whether they promoted mobilization of maximum available resources and whether they supported the progressive realization of economic and social rights. It finds (with some minor exceptions) that MDG 8 targets and indicators were indifferent to human rights principles and, additionally, that they created dynamics and incentives for policy-making that were ultimately detrimental to the implementation of norms on international cooperation for the achievement of human rights. The article offers some ideas on how, in a new generation of development goals, targets and indicators for a goal on international cooperation could be more aligned with the relevant requirements of international human rights norms. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 275-287 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.883371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.883371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:275-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Devecchi Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Devecchi Title: Human Development and Capabilities: Re-imagining the University of the Twenty-first Century Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 288-289 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:288-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S�verine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: S�verine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: Capacidades de Desarrollo y Sociedad Civil en la Villas de la Ciudad (Development Capabilities and Civil Society in the Slums of the City of Buenos Aires) Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 289-290 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:289-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christiaan De Beukelaer Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan Author-X-Name-Last: De Beukelaer Title: Gross Domestic Problem: The Politics Behind the World's Most Powerful Number Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 290-291 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:290-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Title: Professional Education, Capabilities and the Public Good: The Role of Universities in Promoting Human Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 291-292 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906216 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906216 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:291-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Against Happiness: A Critical Appraisal of the Use of Measures of Happiness for Evaluating Progress in Development Abstract: The idea that measures of happiness, or subjective well-being, should be used as the sole (or dominant) measure of country progress has gained considerable support. This paper traces the origins of the approach in the works of eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century utilitarians, whose thinking ultimately provided the foundations for income as the measure of progress, equating income and utility. In contrast, the recent approach of neo-utilitarians intends to replace income as the objective by measures of happiness derived from surveys. This paper assesses happiness as the objective of development and a measure of progress, contrasting it with human rights and capabilities approaches and the promotion of justice, which each also challenge the income measure. The paper considers problems with the happiness approach arising from difficulties in measurement, people's tendency to adapt to their circumstances, and its inability to capture the well-being of future generations, while also providing a weak basis for distributional judgements. The author argues that human progress involves promoting human fulfilment or flourishing (including meeting agency goals), securing a just distribution, and ensuring that this is sustained over generations. Cross-country surveys of human well-being can go nowhere near to measuring this extensive array of objectives. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 293-307 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.903234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.903234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:293-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Li Wang Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: China's Janus-faced Approach to Su Zhi Education: A Capability Perspective Abstract: Su zhi education has been adopted in schools in China to correct the overemphasis on test scores and to promote whole-person development. Although su zhi reform is not based on a capability approach, using such an approach helps to reveal the internal contradiction of the policy framework. A comprehensive analysis of the policy demonstrates that China's su zhi policy is Janus-faced, as it merely pays "lip-service" to capability development while establishing several road-blocks to prevent Chinese schools from embracing a holistic approach to education. In doing this the paper contributes to the literature on the capability approach by summarizing a tentative list of irreducible core capabilities in the Chinese context. Given the lack of research on China as a case, the discussion on the capabilities derived from su zhi education policy provides a reference point for future research. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 308-319 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:308-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Title: Self-determination as a Collective Capability: The Case of Indigenous Peoples Abstract: The article explores the idea of self-determination as a collective capability that enhances the freedom and well-being of indigenous peoples in colonial settler states. Collective capabilities have not attracted much attention in the literature to date, but the article sets out to demonstrate that the collective capability for self-determination is precisely the sort of freedom Amartya Sen describes as both the primary objective and the principle means of development. Two ideas lie at the core of the argument: the necessary interdependence that exists between the individual and the collective capability for political self-determination; and the intrinsic, instrumental and constructive value of collective political empowerment in the developmental process. To bolster the theoretical argument, the article examines some of the available evidence linking self-determination with concrete improvements in the social and economic welfare and well-being of indigenous peoples in different regions of the globe. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 320-334 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.878320 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.878320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:320-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agnese Peruzzi Author-X-Name-First: Agnese Author-X-Name-Last: Peruzzi Title: Understanding Social Exclusion from a Longitudinal Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach Abstract: This paper proposes a coherent operational framework, grounded in the capability approach, for interpreting mid-life social exclusion in a more comprehensive manner. For this purpose, a longitudinal perspective based on life-stages is adopted to improve understanding of the ways in which social inequality and the transmission of disadvantages throughout an individual's lifespan affect mid-life social exclusion. The paper is relevant to three aspects of current debate on social exclusion. Firstly, it clarifies the added value of longitudinal assessment of the processes entailed in social exclusion and provides an analytical framework for re-conceptualizing such processes using the capability approach as a reference theory. Secondly, it suggests a strategy for identifying pertinent dimensions for assessing mid-life social exclusion. Thirdly, it applies a quantitative technique based on latent variables that has been only partially used for analysing social exclusion previously. To this end, the 1970 British Cohort Study is used to derive empirical indicators and a structural equation model to operationalize the theoretical framework proposed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 335-354 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:335-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Gutwald Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Gutwald Author-Name: Ortrud Leßmann Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud Author-X-Name-Last: Leßmann Author-Name: Torsten Masson Author-X-Name-First: Torsten Author-X-Name-Last: Masson Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer Title: A Capability Approach to Intergenerational Justice? Examining the Potential of Amartya Sen's Ethics with Regard to Intergenerational Issues Abstract: The idea of intergenerational justice has practical consequences, not least because it is linked to the politically influential, wide-ranging concept of sustainable development. It also bears on several philosophical puzzles arising in the context of intergenerational justice. They need to be solved in order to establish a case for intergenerational obligations of justice. In this paper we shall examine Amartya Sen's capability approach in the light of these questions. In developing an account of human development, Sen's capability approach suggests a conception of some aspects of intragenerational justice, but not of intergenerational justice itself. This paper aims to close this gap in two steps: first, it identifies necessary elements of a theory of justice; second, and subsequently, it examines how successful the capability approach is in providing these elements. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 355-368 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:355-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Levine Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Levine Author-Name: James Muwonge Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Muwonge Author-Name: Y�l� Maweki Batana Author-X-Name-First: Y�l� Maweki Author-X-Name-Last: Batana Title: A Robust Multi-dimensional Poverty Profile for Uganda Abstract: We compute a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for Uganda following the specification by Alkire and Santos and the general approach of Alkire and Forster. Using household survey data we show how the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty has fallen in recent years and we use the decomposability features of the index to explain the reduction in multi-dimensional poverty. The robustness of our results is tested in a stochastic dominance framework and using statistical inference. Notably, we extend the one-dimensional analysis of stochastic dominance to include household size as a second dimension, thus taking into account that MPI indicators are collected at both household and individual levels. Moreover, we extend the standard two-stage application of the MPI to include a third stage, which is important given the high degree of multiple deprivations within the standard of living dimension. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 369-390 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.897310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.897310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:369-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nidhiya Menon Author-X-Name-First: Nidhiya Author-X-Name-Last: Menon Author-Name: Susan L. Parish Author-X-Name-First: Susan L. Author-X-Name-Last: Parish Author-Name: Roderick A. Rose Author-X-Name-First: Roderick A. Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Title: The "State" of Persons with Disabilities in India Abstract: Among countries with comparable levels of income, India has one of the more progressive disability policy frameworks. However, people with disabilities in India are still subject to multiple disadvantages. This paper focuses on state-level variations in outcomes for people with disabilities to provide an explanation for the contrast between the liberal laws on paper and the challenges faced by people with disabilities in practice. Using average monthly per-capita expenditure as an indicator of economic well-being, instrumental-variable Wald estimator results indicate that households with members with disabilities have expenditures that are 14% lower compared with households with able members. This effect is most pronounced among families with male adults and children with disabilities, and in states that are relatively poor, relatively more urban, those that experience extremes in annual rainfall and temperature, and those that have low to medium levels of inequality. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 391-412 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:391-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. K. Shiva Kumar Author-X-Name-First: A. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Shiva Kumar Title: Growth, Private Markets and the State: Lessons from India Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 414-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966964 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966964 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:414-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. N. Srinivasan Author-X-Name-First: T. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan Title: Development Process: A Manual or a Collection of Anecdotes? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 418-423 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.971636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.971636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:418-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adolfo Figueroa Author-X-Name-First: Adolfo Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa Title: Economic Growth and Social Progress: Lessons from India Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 424-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:424-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azizur Rahman Khan Author-X-Name-First: Azizur Rahman Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Title: Living Standards, Inequality and Development: Some Issues with Reference to Comparisons between India and Bangladesh Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 429-436 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966966 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:429-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Clark Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell Title: Democratic Freedoms, Capabilities and Public Provision: A Defence and Some Possible Extensions Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 437-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.967524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.967524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:437-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oliver Mutanga Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga Title: The Role of Basic Education, Higher Education and Capability Lists Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 448-451 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:448-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Philosophy and Economics in the Capabilities Approach: An Essential Dialogue Abstract: Economics needs to increase its awareness of philosophy. Even the heterodox brand of development economics represented by the human development approach has as yet not fully internalized all aspects of philosophy that offer rich insights for that approach. I explore the history of the relationship between philosophy and development economics and then describe areas of development economics where the insights of philosophy are crucial, including: the idea of social justice; the concept of welfare, and the commensurability or incommensurability of its elements; the idea of "political" as opposed to "comprehensive" liberalism; the topic of cultural relativism and universality; the nature of free will; and the nature of emotion and desire. I recommend that the human development approach deepen its connection to philosophy in all these areas. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.983890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.983890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Pick Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Pick Author-Name: Anna-Emilia Hietanen Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Emilia Author-X-Name-Last: Hietanen Title: Psychosocial Barriers as Impediments to the Expansion of Functionings and Capabilities: The Case of Mexico Abstract: Social norms can enable or limit development. The focus of this paper is on how psychosocial barriers limit functionings and capability development in Mexico. As far as individuals make such barriers their own, they go from being external to being internal; that is, they go beyond being social norms to becoming personal ones. As social norms become personal norms, they can become either barriers or opportunities for change. In fatalistic and tight societies such as Mexico, pressure to conform to "what will happen anyway" and to external norms and expectations is strong. This makes it easier to adopt such barriers than to expand one's functionings and capabilities and thus become an agent of change. In other words, it is more comfortable and practical to continue being a subject rather than an agent of change. The consequence is the apparent and accepted state of affairs of neither oneself nor others enabling the development of personal agency. It is through experiential workshops based on facilitating cognitive, emotional and social skills, and knowledge in health, education, citizenship and productivity that freedoms can be expanded in such a way that psychosocial barriers are reduced and that individuals change behaviors so as to become agents of change. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 15-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.959906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.959906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:15-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann George Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: George Title: Explicating the Capability Approach through the Voices of the Poor: A Case Study of Waste-picking Women in Kerala Abstract: The capability approach brings attention to individuals' freedom to choose the valued functionings of life as the parameter for assessing well-being. This study explicates the capability notion, which incorporates the question of what is of value for the subject, by examining how much some of the major concerns of development matter for the poor as revealed from their perceptions and pursuits. The study specifically examines how detested are some of the widely negatively valued situations (unfreedoms-their being disadvantaged in an unequal world and their being employed in lower-end jobs) and how valued are some of the widely positively valued functionings (freedoms-education for upward mobility) in the lives of the poor. The findings give a nuanced and multilayered understanding of the capability notion. It reveals how, with regard to negatively evaluated unfreedoms, the subject need not necessarily evaluate them negatively. This is not just because of adaptive preferences but also due to the fact that there is "multiplicity of functionings even within unfreedoms," some of which are positive and the subject might value them positively and even passionately. With regard to positively evaluated freedoms, the subject might not prioritize them in the gamut of other goals and pursuits. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 33-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:33-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naila Kabeer Author-X-Name-First: Naila Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer Author-Name: Munshi Sulaiman Author-X-Name-First: Munshi Author-X-Name-Last: Sulaiman Title: Assessing the Impact of Social Mobilization: Nijera Kori and the Construction of Collective Capabilities in Rural Bangladesh Abstract: While Bangladesh has a large and active development non-governmental organization sector, it has undergone a steady process of homogenization, turning from its early focus on social mobilization to a market-oriented service provision model, dominated by microfinance. This article explores the impacts associated with Nijera Kori, one of the few organizations that has retained a commitment to social mobilization, seeking to strengthen the collective capabilities of the poor men and women to protest injustice and demand their rights. The article uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative data to measure the political, economic and social impacts of the organization and to unpack the processes by which the observed changes have occurred. In conclusion, the paper reflects on whether the organization's capability-based approach offers a more effective route to addressing the structural inequalities of power that underlie poverty in Bangladesh than the dominant microfinance-based one. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 47-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:47-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ranjan Ray Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Author-Name: Kompal Sinha Author-X-Name-First: Kompal Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha Title: Multidimensional Deprivation in China, India and Vietnam: A Comparative Study on Micro Data Abstract: This study compares living standards in China, India and Vietnam using the recent multidimensional approach. A distinguishing feature of this study is the use of unit record datasets containing household-level information on access to a wide range of dimensions. The study uses the methodology of principal component analysis to measure household wealth. The wealth index is then used to examine the distribution of deprivation and poverty by wealth percentiles. The study distinguishes between multidimensional deprivation and multidimensional poverty and compares the living standards in these countries based on both measures. This paper also presents comparative evidence on the percentage contribution to total deprivation by the various dimensions in each country, and reports several differences between China, India and Vietnam. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 69-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.897311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.897311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:69-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Liberati Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Author-X-Name-Last: Liberati Title: A Decomposition of the Sen Index of Poverty Using the Analysis of Gini Abstract: This paper provides a decomposition of the Sen index by subgroups using the analysis of Gini. This method decomposes the Sen index, isolating the contribution of the poverty gap, those of within and between inequality, as well as the contribution of overlapping. The application of this method to the analysis of world poverty in two years shows that the evolution of the Sen index and of all its components can be easily captured and interpreted, a feature that significantly improves the use of the Sen index in poverty analysis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 94-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956708 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956708 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:94-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florian Wendelspiess Ch�vez Ju�rez Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Wendelspiess Ch�vez Ju�rez Title: Measuring Inequality of Opportunity with Latent Variables Abstract: In this paper I show that recently proposed methods to quantify the level of inequality of opportunity are likely to be downward biased when the dependent variable is a proxy for an unobserved concept. Using a multidimensional framework of development, such as the capability approach, or a standard utility maximization framework with heterogeneous preferences permits us to show that such measurement errors are the rule rather than the exception. I propose to estimate the latent variable of interest through appropriate multivariate techniques to circumvent the aforementioned bias. Using a simulation and an empirical illustration, I show that the use of multiple indicator variables and appropriate aggregation techniques can reduce the bias substantially. Using data from Mexico, it is found that inequality of opportunity for the broader concept of economic well-being is more than twice as high as inequality of opportunity in log income, which is commonly used as a proxy of the first. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 106-121 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.907247 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.907247 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:106-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi Author-X-Name-First: Olusegun Ayodele Author-X-Name-Last: Akanbi Title: Structural and Institutional Determinants of Poverty in Sub-Saharan African Countries Abstract: The conventional policy models designed to tackle poverty have not been able to address the peculiar socio-economic and institutional conditions of the country or region in perspective. Much of the literature focuses on the macroeconomic determinants of poverty, leaving out non-economic factors that could be more important. In this milieu, this study empirically examines the relationship between governance, physical infrastructure, and the level of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The estimations are based on a panel of 19 selected sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1990-2010 using the two-stage least-squares estimation techniques. The results from the estimations portray robust parameter estimates and suggest that governance and infrastructure are significant determinants of poverty in the region. Furthermore, the study tends to detect that a sustainable level of poverty could be attained at particular governance and infrastructure rating after controlling for the level of gross domestic product and other factors across the region. Therefore, countries with better governance and infrastructure ratings will achieve lower poverty levels, and poverty tends to converge as physical infrastructure improvement and better governance are pursued. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 122-141 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.985197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.985197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:122-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christine M. Koggel Author-X-Name-First: Christine M. Author-X-Name-Last: Koggel Title: The Practical and the Theoretical: Comparing Displacement by Development and Ethics of Global Development Abstract: This paper begins by highlighting some of the key contributions of two recent books: Displacement by Development: Ethics, Rights and Responsibilities by Peter Penz, Jay Drydyk and Pablo S. Bose and Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy by David Crocker. The paper then identifies some of the similarities and differences in their accounts and in particular with respect to the important role of empowerment in Displacement by Development and of participation in Crocker's analysis of deliberative democracy. The result will be a critical evaluation of the respective contributions of these books to development ethics, an assessment of the disagreements between them, and a discussion of how this current work fits with or departs from Sen's and Nussbaum's versions of the capability approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 142-153 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:142-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko Title: Adaptive Preferences and Women's Empowerment Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 154-156 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:154-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken Title: Economic Complexity and Human Development: How Economic Diversification and Social Networks Affect Human Agency and Welfare Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 156-157 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:156-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chang Yee Kwan Author-X-Name-First: Chang Author-X-Name-Last: Yee Kwan Title: Trade in Health: Economics, Ethics and Public Policy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 157-159 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006474 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006474 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:157-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi Title: Blackstone's Statutes on Public Law and Human Rights 2013-2014 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 159-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:159-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry S. Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Using Final Ends for the Sake of Better Policy-Making Abstract: This paper argues that in order responsibly to make and to evaluate public policies, including development policies, we should think in terms of final ends. This means going beyond simply listing the important goods (or dimensions of goodness or well-being) that we are about by laying out, as best we can, which of them we seek for the sake of which. The paper analyses what it is to seek something for the sake of something else, and thereby the idea of a final end, sought for its own sake, and distinguishes that idea from that of intrinsic (unconditional) goodness. It then illustrates the deliberative power of thinking in terms of final ends in three disparate development-related contexts: that of developing an overall, capabilities-based indicator of well-being; that of project evaluation; and that of addressing a broad policy issue. Reasonable debate about what is to be sought for the sake of what is possible. Only if we attempt to settle what is to be sought for the sake of what do we begin to access the rich information latent in multidimensional accounts of well-being or the good. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1036846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1036846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:161-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolai Suppa Author-X-Name-First: Nicolai Author-X-Name-Last: Suppa Title: Capability Deprivation and Life Satisfaction. Evidence from German Panel Data Abstract: This paper explores the link between poverty as capability deprivation and current life satisfaction. Using German panel data, I examine both whether capability deprivation reduces life satisfaction and whether individuals eventually adapt to these adverse conditions. Drawing on the capability approach, the constitutive elements of poverty are capability deprivations, which are located in the functioning space. As yet data on functionings often are lacking. Therefore, I explore the conditions and assumptions under which capability deprivation can be inferred from readily available consumption data. Specifically, to detect capability deprivation I draw on the notion of an inadequate income together with nonconsumption data of pivotal goods. The results indicate capability deprivation to reduce life satisfaction significantly. Moreover, the evidence also suggests that individuals fail to adapt within the subsequent four to six years. Finally, the mere lowness of income fails to capture its inadequacy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 173-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:173-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Hailu Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Hailu Title: The Composite and Dynamic Risks and Vulnerabilities of Ethiopian Children: The Case of Children in Addis Ababa Abstract: The article sketches an ethnographic portrait of the composite and dynamic risks and vulnerabilities of Ethiopian children. The sketch was based primarily on content analysis of 123 stories of child vulnerabilities told by frontline workers in 62 child-focused projects in Addis Ababa. Initial analysis distinguished between "culture" and "causes of child vulnerabilities" as two broad categories of concepts underlying the stories. The category of "culture" subsumes beliefs, values and norms that have structured relationship with and among children, while "causes" subsumes economic, social and psychological conditions that have resulted in actual and potential threats to the normal development and well-being of children in the ethnographic site. The complex relationships between these two categories were subsequently interpreted against the background of the integrative and disintegrative elements of the dominant Ethiopian culture (Korten 1972. Planned Change in a Traditional Society: Psychological Problems of Modernization in Ethiopia, With Frances F. Korten. New York: Praeger). The resulting portrait describes the multiple ways in which the identified causes of child vulnerabilities have grown in influence over the past decades to disturb the balance that historically existed between the integrative and disintegrative elements of culture, increasingly compromising the coherence of the social environment that provided for culturally normal development of children. Policy implications of the analysis are highlighted by way of conclusion. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 200-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:200-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rutger Claassen Author-X-Name-First: Rutger Author-X-Name-Last: Claassen Title: The Capability to Hold Property Abstract: This paper discusses the question of whether a capability theory of justice (such as that of Martha Nussbaum) should accept a basic "capability to hold property." Answering this question is vital for bridging the gap between abstract capability theories of justice and their institutional implications in real economies. Moreover, it is vital for understanding the difference between egalitarian and libertarian versions of the capability approach. In the paper, three main arguments about private property are discussed: those relating property to a private sphere of control, to the market system of allocating goods, and to the ability to keep the fruits of one's labor. On the basis of this discussion it is argued that the capability theory of justice should accept a basic capability to hold private property, albeit one that is restricted in scope and has an egalitarian character. Special attention is paid to libertarian arguments about property acquisition, and it is argued that capability theories of justice must reject them because they presuppose a method of justifying capabilities that the capability approach cannot accept. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 220-236 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.939061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.939061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:220-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luisa Tibiletti Author-X-Name-First: Luisa Author-X-Name-Last: Tibiletti Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: Inequality Aversion and the Extended Gini in the Light of a Two-person Cake-sharing Problem Abstract: This brief note aims to communicate, in simple terms, the "meaning" of the family of "Extended" Gini coefficients of inequality, in terms of the shares accruing to the agents in an elementary two-person cake-sharing problem. In the process, a natural notion of the "potential fairness" of a distribution, as well as the notion of "distribution sensitivity", are sought to be explicated in easily accessible terms. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 237-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956709 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956709 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:237-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I�aki Permanyer Author-X-Name-First: I�aki Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer Author-Name: Albert Esteve-Palos Author-X-Name-First: Albert Author-X-Name-Last: Esteve-Palos Author-Name: Joan Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Author-Name: Robert Mccaa Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Mccaa Title: Human Development Index-like Small Area Estimates for Africa Computed from IPUMS-International Integrated Census Microdata Abstract: This paper analyzes 24 African census samples from 13 countries available via the African Integrated Census MicroData website to illustrate how microdata may be used to assess development and pinpoint basic human needs at local administrative levels over time. We calculate a Human Development Index-like measure for small administrative areas, where much of the responsibility lies for executing policies related to health, education and general well-being. The methodological proposals introduced in this paper are particularly pertinent for the case of Africa. While it is true that data for much of Africa is not appropriate for economic growth rates or per-capita income estimates, the analysis in this paper demonstrates that they are good enough for many other purposes. Indeed, a major aggravating problem that contributes to the "African statistical tragedy" is the lack of accessibility to existing census microdata. This paper aims to illustrate the usefulness of census microdata--which are vastly under-utilized in Africa--and hopefully contribute to make them more transparent and freely accessible. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 245-271 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:245-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk J. Wolfson Author-X-Name-First: Dirk J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wolfson Title: Implementing Fairness in Social Policy Abstract: Theories of justice concentrate on principles and criteria, rather than on implementation. This paper fills that gap, introducing the situational contract as an institutional design in which public support is geared to improve individual capabilities. The design is result oriented and is inspired by Amartya Sen's capability theory. It reduces information asymmetries and controls unintended use. Conditions are broadly specified by law and in protocols of good practice that emphasize the reciprocal nature of rights and obligations. Public service motivation is enhanced and targeting further improved by mandating front-line agents to customize deliveries and conditions in line with the political guidance received in the protocols mentioned, on the basis of comply or explain. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 272-286 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.939062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.939062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:272-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satis C. Devkota Author-X-Name-First: Satis C. Author-X-Name-Last: Devkota Author-Name: Mukti P. Upadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Mukti P. Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay Title: What Factors Change Education Inequality in Nepal? Abstract: We estimate indices of income-based inequality of education for Nepal using comprehensive survey data from 1996 and 2004. The 5% increase in the inequality that we obtain for those eight years is then decomposed into its contributing factors. Greater urbanization contributed substantially to the rise in education inequality. On the other hand, income significantly reduced education inequality because of a substantial increase in mean income during the eight years, and because of a fall in income inequality. This implies that an increase in the median income could reduce education disparity substantially. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 287-308 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029882 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029882 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:287-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Canning Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Canning Title: The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 309-311 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028806 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:309-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raquel Freitas Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Freitas Title: Transitions to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-312 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:311-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neha Kumra Author-X-Name-First: Neha Author-X-Name-Last: Kumra Title: Countering Naxalism with Development: Challenges of Social Justice and State Security Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 313-314 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1037115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1037115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:313-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farid Ahmad Farzam Rahimi Author-X-Name-First: Farid Ahmad Farzam Author-X-Name-Last: Rahimi Title: The Capability Approach: Development Practice and Public Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 314-316 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:314-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Human Development: The Law and Economics of International Investment Agreements Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 316-317 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:316-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis F. Lopez-Calva Author-X-Name-First: Luis F. Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva Author-Name: Nora Lustig Author-X-Name-First: Nora Author-X-Name-Last: Lustig Author-Name: Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz-Juarez Title: A Long-Term Perspective on Inequality and Human Development in Latin America Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 319-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1082720 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1082720 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:319-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeffrey G. Williamson Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey G. Author-X-Name-Last: Williamson Title: Latin American Inequality: Colonial Origins, Commodity Booms or a Missed Twentieth-Century Leveling? Abstract: Most analysts of the modern Latin American economy have held the pessimistic belief in historical persistence--they believe that Latin America has always had very high levels of inequality, and that it is the Iberian colonists' fault. Thus, modern analysts see today a more unequal Latin America compared with Asia and most rich post-industrial nations and assume that this must always have been true. Indeed, some have argued that high inequality appeared very early in the post-conquest Americas, and that this fact supported rent-seeking and anti-growth institutions which help explain the disappointing growth performance we observe there even today. The recent leveling of inequality in the region since the 1990s seems to have done little to erode that pessimism. It is important, therefore, to stress that this alleged persistence is based on an historical literature which has made little or no effort to be comparative, and it matters. Compared with the rest of the world, inequality was not high in the century following 1492, and it was not even high in the post-independence decades just prior to Latin America's belle �poque and start with industrialization. It only became high during the commodity boom 1870-1913, by the end of which it had joined the rich country unequal club that included the USA and the UK. Latin America only became relatively high between 1913 and the 1970s when it missed the Great Egalitarian Leveling, which took place almost everywhere else. That Latin American inequality has its roots in its colonial past is a myth. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 324-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1044821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1044821 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:324-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leandro Prados de la Escosura Author-X-Name-First: Leandro Author-X-Name-Last: Prados de la Escosura Title: Human Development as Positive Freedom: Latin America in Historical Perspective Abstract: How has Latin America's well-being evolved over time? How does Latin America compare to today's developed countries (OECD, for short)? What explains their differences? These questions are addressed using an historical index of human development. A sustained improvement in well-being can be observed since 1870. The absolute gap between OECD and Latin America widened over time, but an incomplete catching-up--largely explained by education--occurred since 1900, but faded away after 1980, as Latin America fell behind the OECD in terms of longevity. Once the first health transition was exhausted, the contribution of life expectancy to human development declined. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 342-373 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:342-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moramay L�pez-Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Moramay Author-X-Name-Last: L�pez-Alonso Author-Name: Roberto V�lez-Grajales Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: V�lez-Grajales Title: Measuring Inequality in Living Standards with Anthropometric Indicators: The Case of Mexico 1850-1986 Abstract: By analyzing the Mexican case for the period 1850-1986, we argue that the average adult stature of a population can be used as a tool to analyze inequality in living standards. The findings suggest that the secular trend in stature is related to cycles of economic growth, inequality, wars and institutional changes. Such processes affect socioeconomic groups and regions differently and generate unequal living standard patterns. Moreover, male adult average height shows a U-shaped trend for the whole period of study. As a result, Mexico lagged behind on heights with respect to other Latin American economies such as Brazil and Colombia. Two different types of data sources are used for the analysis: military and passport records for the period 1850-1950 and the 2000 Mexican National Health Survey (ENSA-2000) and the 2006 Mexican National Survey on Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT-2006) for the remaining years. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 374-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1044820 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1044820 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:374-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Sz�kely Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Sz�kely Author-Name: Pamela Mendoza Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza Title: Is the Decline in Inequality in Latin America Here to Stay? Abstract: The 2000s decade represented a turning point in the increasing inequality trend that had been observed in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century. This paper offers an analysis of the association between these shifts and short-, medium- and long-term factors. For our exploration we assemble a database on income distribution indicators systematically calculated directly from household surveys with emphasis on within-country consistency, methodology, definitions and coverage for the 1980-2013 years. This database allows observing clearly that the increases in inequality throughout the 1980s and 1990s decades have been counteracted by the improvements in the 2000s and the initial years of the 2010 decades. From our econometric exploration we find that (a) while there are short-term forces that are associated with underlying improvements in the distribution--including human capital accumulation and declines in the population dependency rate, (b) medium-term factors that could have been inequality-increasing in the past ameliorated their effect in the 2000s years--namely, the effect of the trade reforms of the 1980s which faded away toward the end of the past century and (c) there are two short-term forces that might have played an important progressive role during the 2000s years, but that could shift in the opposite direction in the near future--namely, the improvement in terms of trade and the declining returns to schooling. Thus, we conclude that the improvement in income distribution in the region could be only a temporary phenomenon. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-419 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1050320 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1050320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:397-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo Celhay Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Celhay Author-Name: Sebasti�n Gallegos Author-X-Name-First: Sebasti�n Author-X-Name-Last: Gallegos Title: Persistence in the Transmission of Education: Evidence across Three Generations for Chile Abstract: This paper is one of the first to document multigenerational educational mobility for a Latin American country. It complements a recent wave of articles that study mobility beyond two generations in developed countries. Specifically, we link data on educational attainment for three generations in Chile. Our main findings indicate that grandparental education influences grandchildren's schooling even after taking the parental factor into account. Accordingly, standard two-generation estimations over-predict intergenerational mobility over three generations. We investigate three potential avenues of transmission. First, we find that upward schooling mobility has moderately increased with younger cohorts, and that such changes may be attributable to institutional reforms. Second, there is important heterogeneity in educational mobility across regions in Chile, which sheds light on how parents' place of origin matters for upward mobility. Third, a gender-specific lineage analysis indicates that having more educated same-sex ancestors matters more for women and suggests that gender-related social roles may be passed along generations within families. All in all, our results suggest that family background effects can be longer lasting than previously believed, affecting the endowments and idiosyncratic capabilities of children. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 420-451 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1048789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1048789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:420-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis F. Lopez-Calva Author-X-Name-First: Luis F. Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva Author-Name: Harry A. Patrinos Author-X-Name-First: Harry A. Author-X-Name-Last: Patrinos Title: Exploring the Differential Impact of Public Interventions on Indigenous People: Lessons from Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer Program Abstract: This paper uses experimental panel data for Mexico from 1997 to 2000 in order to test assumptions on the impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on child labor and school attendance, adding to the literature by emphasizing the differential impact on indigenous households. Using data from the CCT program, PROGRESA (later on known as OPORTUNIDADES), we investigate the interaction between child labor, education and indigenous households. While indigenous children had a greater probability of working before the intervention, this probability is reversed after treatment in the program. Indigenous monolingual children also had lower school attainment compared with Spanish-speaking or indigenous bilingual children. After the program, school attainment among indigenous children increased, reducing the gap. In terms of child labor, the larger reduction is in the group of bilingual children. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 452-467 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1072378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1072378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:452-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven Title: Catch Up: Developing Countries in the World Economy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 468-469 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:468-469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Joseph Van Holm Author-X-Name-First: Eric Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Van Holm Title: The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 469-471 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:469-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Garza Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Author-X-Name-Last: Garza Title: Freedom, Responsibility and Economics of the Person Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 471-472 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:471-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Prah Ruger Author-Name: Sophie Mitra Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra Title: Health, Disability and the Capability Approach: An Introduction Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 473-482 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:473-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alvaro Díaz Ruiz Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro Author-X-Name-Last: Díaz Ruiz Author-Name: Natalia Sánchez Durán Author-X-Name-First: Natalia Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Durán Author-Name: Alexis Palá Author-X-Name-First: Alexis Author-X-Name-Last: Palá Title: An Analysis of the Intentions of a Chilean Disability Policy Through the Lens of the Capability Approach Abstract: This article sheds light on the public policy situation for persons with severe disabilities in Chile by analyzing the Ministry of Health “Home-Based Care Program for Persons with Severe Disabilities.” The article further advocates for the relevance of the Capability Approach (CA) in the assessment of public policy for persons with disabilities and intends to illustrate a link between a real policy and basic concepts of the CA providing a model of content analysis for public policy through the lens of the CA. We present a content analysis, focused on underlying intentions of agency, freedom, well-being, and achievement based in the official text of the Chilean program. Then we examine this content under original categories and matrices based on the work of Sen, to ultimately reveal how a current Chilean policy falls short of fully addressing the diagnosed situation of its target population and highlights areas for improvement. Not only does the program lack coherence and compliance with Chilean laws and international standards, but it also lacks connections with important concepts for persons in situations of dependency such as agency and freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 483-500 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:483-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oliver Mutanga Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Towards a Disability-inclusive Higher Education Policy through the Capabilities Approach Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> Evidence from international literature shows that despite interventions and policies, students with disabilities face persistent challenges in higher education. The capabilities approach can take us forward in addressing these challenges in two ways. Nussbaum's version of the capabilities approach, in particular, provides us with an analytical framework to explore valued opportunities and freedoms from a social justice perspective. Secondly, in line with Sen's argument, the approach can serve as the informational base for disability policies. In this study, the capabilities approach is operationalized within education by applying Walker's list of eight valued freedoms and opportunities to students with disabilities. Data are drawn from a qualitative study examining the processes through which students with disabilities at two South African universities make their educational choices and negotiate different structures on their way to, and in higher education. These students identified key valued freedoms and opportunities that are needed to access and succeed in higher education. Four of the eight valued freedoms and opportunities on Walker's list emerged strongly in this study. Seven other valued freedoms and opportunities which fall outside of Walker's list were also identified. These 11 key valued freedoms and opportunities, we argue, are needed for the formulation of socially just disability-inclusive policies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 501-517 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1101410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1101410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:501-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean-Francois Trani Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Francois Author-X-Name-Last: Trani Author-Name: Parul Bakhshi Author-X-Name-First: Parul Author-X-Name-Last: Bakhshi Author-Name: Sarah Myers Tlapek Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Myers Tlapek Author-Name: Dominique Lopez Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez Author-Name: Fiona Gall Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Gall Title: Disability and Poverty in Morocco and Tunisia: A Multidimensional Approach Abstract: Although a growing body of research is exploring the links between disability and poverty, the evidence that persons with disabilities are more likely to be poor than their non-disabled counterpart remains scarce. The causal relationship between disability and poverty has most often been considered in terms of disparities in income or living conditions. However, some research strongly suggests that disability is associated with deprivation in a number of other dimensions. To date, no study has examined these associations using large scale surveys with a wide range of wellbeing dimensions and indicators using a multidimensional approach. The present paper presents findings of three multidimensional poverty measures based on 17 indicators of deprivation collected through large-scale household surveys in Morocco and Tunisia. These indicators cover a wide range of dimensions of poverty such as health, education, employment, material well-being, social participation, psychological well-being and physical security. Results confirm that persons with disabilities are poorer than non-disabled people in both countries. The study shows that persons with disabilities, particularly girls and women, rural residents, and those with intellectual, mental or multiple disabilities are particularly deprived of basic capabilities and functionings and that stigma plays a role in this social injustice. Civil society organizations should take the lead to promote awareness of social and emotional well-being of persons with disabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 518-548 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:518-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Regina Moczadlo Author-X-Name-First: Regina Author-X-Name-Last: Moczadlo Author-Name: Harald Strotmann Author-X-Name-First: Harald Author-X-Name-Last: Strotmann Author-Name: Jürgen Volkert Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert Title: Corporate Contributions to Developing Health Capabilities Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> Despite the importance of the private sector for global development, few researchers have analyzed corporate impacts on capabilities and sustainable human development (SHD).-super-1 Our article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of corporate potentials, impacts and risks for SHD. More specifically, we concentrate on health and health capabilities and exemplify our arguments based on our evaluation of health initiatives in the Bayer CropScience's Model Village Project (MVP). Based on representative primary quantitative survey data for two model and two control villages, as well as qualitative studies, we explain and analyze the corporate health-related activities in the model villages. We discuss how these corporate initiatives might fit into a business case, examine how they have changed the well-being of the populace as reported by the villagers, and provide results on stakeholder trust. Furthermore, we reconsider the risks of corporate neglect or even violation of important health issues. We conclude with lessons learned from the MVP and with consequences for subsequent capability approach research. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 549-566 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1098595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1098595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:549-566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rhyddhi Chakraborty Author-X-Name-First: Rhyddhi Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty Author-Name: Chhanda Chakraborti Author-X-Name-First: Chhanda Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborti Title: India, Health Inequities, and a Fair Healthcare Provision: A Perspective from Health Capability Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> In India, health inequality, rooted in structural elements of the public healthcare system, is a topic of much concern and discussion in research literature. However, very few articles have approached this persistent problem from a theoretical standpoint. This article addresses this gap by employing the social justice framework of the Health Capability Paradigm (HCP). After critically analyzing some features of the Indian healthcare system, the article argues that some public healthcare system features not only cause health inequalities, but more specifically cause inequities in central health capabilities to avoid escapable diseases and premature death. To address such inequities, the article argues from an HCP perspective that the Indian healthcare system should (a) revise the national health policy's underlying vision of health, (b) reshape its three-tiered public healthcare system to deliver healthcare services to all, and (c) focus on core HCP concepts such as shared health governance and shortfall inequality as guiding principles to provide universal health coverage to all. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 567-580 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1105201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1105201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:567-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Prah Ruger Title: Health Economics and Ethics and the Health Capability Paradigm Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> Kenneth Arrow's seminal 1963 article “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care,” published in the American Economic Review, is widely regarded as the origin of health economics. The health economics field that has emerged in the subsequent 50 years has become a collection of market-based (demand for and supply of health goods and services) and non-market-based subjects. Despite a “broadening” of health economics to absorb ideas from other disciplines, the field has failed to pay adequate attention to ethics. Kenneth Arrow himself has called for greater attention to ethics in solving persistent health and health care problems for which economic tools are insufficient. The health capability paradigm is an attempt to integrate economic and ethical principles in an alternative analytical framework, enriching both health economics and ethics simultaneously. Social problems in health are so intractable that we must apply theoretical and empirical methods in both economics and ethics to analyse them. Health capability economics, as embodied in the health capability paradigm, offers a way forward. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 581-599 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1101411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1101411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:581-599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip Kinghorn Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Kinghorn Title: Exploring Different Interpretations of the Capability Approach in a Health Care Context: Where Next? Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> In comparing the first applications of the capability approach (CA) to health and health care by Ruger with three subsequent interpretations of the CA, this paper identifies two distinct motivations: (i) the adoption of capability as an alternative to utilitarian health maximization, in the context of resource allocation and (ii) facilitating agreement on a core concept of health (incorporating mortality, morbidity and health agency) with which to drive policy reform. Where there is already comprehensive healthcare coverage, research is evolving to consider the broader impact of health on well-being and facilitate the joint evaluation of health and social care services. Although measures developed within this “expansionist” framework are becoming increasingly well used, their inclusion of health itself requires greater consideration. The health capability paradigm adopts health capability as a holistic object of health policy broadly conceived. Whilst instruments exist for assessing health functioning, qualitative studies are beginning to illuminate which indicators should be used to assess health agency. Shortfall sufficiency, a current pillar of the health capability paradigm, is considered as a potentially useful decision-rule when allocating health and social care resources. Setting a shortfall threshold will represent a value judgement and this should be informed through public deliberation and debate. The implications of adopting shortfall sufficiency also need to be explored and alternatives considered. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 600-616 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1110567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1110567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:600-616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Tkacik Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Tkacik Title: Beyond GDP for Beyond 2015 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 619-624 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1106452 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1106452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:619-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nandan Nawn Author-X-Name-First: Nandan Author-X-Name-Last: Nawn Title: For Sustainable SDGs: Righting Through Responsibilities Abstract: Sustainability of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) are contingent on both ‘weak sustainability’ and ‘strong sustainability.’ Rights-based approach, the most prevalent one in the international policy space towards sustained realization of development goals, is unlikely to ensure either of the sustainability notions. Rather it has to be the (moral) responsibility of the State, communities, and even individuals. After all, adoption of language of responsibility in international environmental law vis-a-vis ‘unidirectional externalities’ has been successful in maintaining the critical natural capital for the ‘sink’ function. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 625-630 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103713 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103713 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:625-630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stanley T. Asah Author-X-Name-First: Stanley T. Author-X-Name-Last: Asah Title: Post-2015 Development Agenda: Human Agency and the Inoperability of the Sustainable Development Architecture Abstract: Although the post-2015 development agenda is commendable in several ways, I content that it pays inadequate attention to human agency and, therefore, to human development and capabilities, which are necessary to meet sustainable development goals. First, I critique the post-2015 UN development agenda and associated sustainable development goals. I focus those critiques on the notions of development as if it were charity and associated illusion of human rationality, and the partial conceptualization and operationalization of human agency as if agency depended only on contexts. Through these critiques, I illustrate human irrationality and the consequent unsustainability of the charity approach to development. I identify and characterize the development architect and the development agent, to facilitate necessary understanding and operationalization of the behavioral attributes of psychological agency, which I argue to be fundamental to human development and capabilities and, therefore, to sustainable development. For development to materialize, people have to behave in certain ways, and for people to act voluntarily, they have to be motivated. It also follows that for development to be sustainable, the motivation to be developed has to come from within the self—intrinsic to the individuals and social collectives to be developed. Thus, substantial efforts must be made to thoroughly understand and operationalize human agency, critical for achieving individual, and social—including institutional—behaviors that enable self-organized development, a key attribute of sustainable development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 631-636 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:631-636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: João Silva Author-X-Name-First: João Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 637-639 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118223 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118223 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:637-639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi Title: Millennium Development Goals and Community Initiatives in the Asia Pacific Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 640-641 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:640-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Introduction to Nussbaum Lecture Symposium Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip Pettit Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Pettit Title: A Brief History of Liberty—And Its Lessons Abstract: Classical republicanism and classical liberalism divide on the understanding of freedom, the one taking it as non-domination, the other as non-interference. And essentially the same division survives today, with serious policy implications, between neo-republicanism and neo-liberalism. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 5-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:5-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: Some Reflections on Capability and Republican Freedom Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between Republicanism and the capability approach. While these views and the notions of freedom they endorse are distinct, it is argued that when we trace some of the antecedents of the capability approach notably in the works of Karl Marx these approaches are more closely connected than one might expect from an exchange between Philip Pettit and Amartya Sen. It is, for this reason, unsurprising that Pettit uses the capability approach in advancing his Republican view, though in ways which are quite different from Sen's and Martha Nussbaum's specific proposals. Nonetheless, I argue that development of the capability approach also converges with the Republican view once one explicitly lists capabilities relating to self-respect and dignity in the way that Nussbaum does in her version of the approach. I illustrate this point in the context of disability. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 22-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:22-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rod Hick Author-X-Name-First: Rod Author-X-Name-Last: Hick Title: Between Income and Material Deprivation in the UK: In Search of Conversion Factors Abstract: The claim that there are “conversion factors” between people's resources and their capabilities is fundamental to motivating the capability approach, yet is empirically relatively under-examined. The few analyses which exist focus typically on one group—disabled people—and focus overwhelmingly on current income as the relevant measure of resources. This article extends existing analysis on both fronts, analysing conversion factors for a broader range of groups than are typically considered and estimating conversion factors using both a current and five-year average measure of income. It is found that conversion factors based on a five-year average of current income are 40--45% lower than those based on current income. However, a conversion-adjusted income measure, whether based on current or five-year average income, still does not reflect “command over capabilities” because conversion factors are estimated on the basis of group averages, while needs vary for different groups and different households. The article concludes that understanding more clearly the nature of the conversion between resources and functionings or refined functionings represents an important task for those working with the capability approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 35-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorrit Posel Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit Author-X-Name-Last: Posel Author-Name: Michael Rogan Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan Title: Measured as Poor versus Feeling Poor: Comparing Money-metric and Subjective Poverty Rates in South Africa Abstract: In this study, we compare subjective and money-metric measures of poverty in South Africa using data collected in the 2008/09 Living Conditions Survey (LCS). In addition to collecting detailed information on expenditure, the LCS asked respondents to provide an assessment of the economic status of their household, ranging from “very poor” to “wealthy”. We find considerable overlap between per-capita expenditure measures of poverty status and subjective poverty status among households. However, we also identify a number of significant characteristics that distinguish households where poverty measures do not overlap, including household size, the share of children and the elderly in the household, home ownership and housing type, access to piped water and electricity, and access to farming land. These characteristics suggest both that expenditure measures are not able to capture the multidimensional nature of economic well-being and that the level of expenditure in the household is underestimated. This underestimation may arise partly because poverty measures based on per-capita expenditure do not recognize scale economies in the household, and also because the value of small-scale economic activities can be difficult to measure, as in the case of subsistence farming. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 55-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.985198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.985198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:55-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Essama-Nssah Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Essama-Nssah Author-Name: Peter J. Lambert Author-X-Name-First: Peter J. Author-X-Name-Last: Lambert Title: Counterfactual Decomposition of Pro-Poorness Using Influence Functions Abstract: Poverty reduction has emerged as a fundamental social objective of development, and has become a metric commonly used to assess the performance of public policy. This paper adapts the methodology of Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (2009) [2009. “Unconditional Quantile Regressions.” Econometrica 77 (3): 953--973] to the measurement of the pro-poorness of income growth. The method allows the analyst to identify covariates that affect poverty reduction. The methodology is policy-relevant because policy-makers can better target these covariates than the average level of income, or the level of inequality. We demonstrate this by application to Bangladesh 2000--2010. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 74-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1115392 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1115392 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:74-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Manzanera-Ruiz Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Manzanera-Ruiz Author-Name: C. Lizarraga Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Lizarraga Title: Motivations and Effectiveness of Women's Groups for Tomato Production in Soni, Tanzania Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the formation of informal women's groups for cash crop production of tomatoes in Soni (Tanzania) as a specific manifestation of collective action. Theoretical contributions from collective action, group formation and empowerment help towards a better understanding about the relations of collective action and women's empowerment. To carry out this research, mainly qualitative methodology is used through ethnographic fieldwork over a long duration of two years (2007--2009).The results show gender as a source of power differences in access to resources in agriculture; identify women's motivations for participation and non-participation in tomato groups; define characteristics of women's tomato groups; and establish the effectiveness of this collective action on women's agency. A better understanding of informal groups can help policy-makers and practitioners assess whether their programmes are hitting or missing their targets. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 93-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:93-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nguyen Viet Cuong Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Viet Author-X-Name-Last: Cuong Author-Name: Vu Hoang Linh Author-X-Name-First: Vu Hoang Author-X-Name-Last: Linh Title: Should Parents Work Away from or Close to Home? The Effect of Parental Absence on Children's Time Use in Vietnam Abstract: Working away from home might bring higher earnings than working near home. However, the absence of parents due to work can have unexpected effects on children. This paper examines the effects of the absence of parents due to work on time allocation of children aged 5--8 years old in Vietnam. The paper relies on fixed-effects regression and panel data from the Young Lives surveys in 2007 and 2009. It finds that children with parental absence tend to spend less time on home study but more time on leisure and playing. The effect of mother absence on home study of children is higher than the effect of father absence. Moreover, children with mother absence are more likely to do housework than other children. This finding highlights the important role of mothers in taking care of children in terms of both education and housework. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 110-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:110-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serene Khader Author-X-Name-First: Serene Author-X-Name-Last: Khader Title: Beyond Autonomy Fetishism: Affiliation with Autonomy in Women's Empowerment Abstract: A growing critical literature on women's empowerment argues that the current focus on autonomy obscures the extent to which relationships, social norms, and structures shape women's lives. I begin from the idea that disaggregating forms of autonomy and conceptually clarifying their relationship to empowerment can help us respond to the critiques without abandoning what is genuinely important about autonomy. I argue that one form of personal autonomy, thin relational autonomy, is necessary but insufficient for women's empowerment. Seeing this can help us respond to the critiques as well as develop a better understanding of what should be prioritized in development interventions. In order to agitate against oppressive structures and to improve their lives in ways they endorse, women need the ability to formulate and scrutinize their own values. This conception of autonomy, unlike many other conceptions of autonomy, does not exclude the idea that relationships can be empowering. However, this conception of autonomy is also not sufficient for empowerment; empowerment also requires non-autonomy goods and changes in conditions external to the agent. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 125-139 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1025043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1025043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:125-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert Sanghoon Park Author-X-Name-First: Albert Sanghoon Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: Vanishing into Things: Knowledge in Chinese Tradition Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 140-141 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:140-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William J. Frey Author-X-Name-First: William J. Author-X-Name-Last: Frey Title: Technology and Human Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 141-143 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140936 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140936 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:141-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Merino Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Merino Title: Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil, and Gas in Latin America Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 143-144 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom Author-X-Name-First: Merridy Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom Title: A Capabilities List for Equitable Transitions to University: A Top-down and Bottom-up Approach Abstract: Located within the context of equitable higher education as an enabler of human development, this paper presents a two-pronged approach to the development of a capabilities list for equitable transitions to university in South Africa, as an example of the global South. Drawing on an extensive analysis of the literature on access, participation, readiness and educational transitions, together with quantitative and qualitative data collected from high school and first-year university students, a list of seven capabilities is proposed. The paper demonstrates how the process-based methodology used satisfied all five criteria for the development of capabilities lists proposed by Robeyns (2003). Through the bringing together of top-down and bottom-up approaches in the formulation of the list, the methodology presented here provides a means of avoiding the pitfalls of omission and power (Nussbaum 2000), as well as ensuring space for participation and dialogue (Sen 2004). Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.991280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.991280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:145-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alison Buckler Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Buckler Title: Teachers’ Professional Capabilities and the Pursuit of Quality in Sub-Saharan African Education Systems: Demonstrating and Debating a Method of Capability Selection and Analysis Abstract: This paper reports on the methodological approach of a study that examined an important dimension of the global challenge to better understand the ‘quality’ element of Education for All (EFA): the professional lives of women teachers in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Teachers from five countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa and Sudan) provided a focus for exploring the relationship between official representations of teachers’ work and the professional lives teachers create and experience. Sen's (1999) capability approach was used as a framework for understanding this relationship and to produce two conceptualizations of professional capabilities for teachers generated by the official and teacher perspectives, respectively. These capabilities are organized around the pursuit of quality in teachers’ work. The paper explains how these two conceptualizations were determined, justifies four key aspects of the method used and highlights key insights into the teachers’ professional lives enabled by this approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.991706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.991706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:161-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew F. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Andrew F. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Food Deserts, Capabilities, and the Rectification of Democratic Failure Abstract: Food deserts include any area in the industrialized world in which reasonably priced, nutritious food is difficult to obtain. They constitute a pressing public health concern insofar as food desert inhabitants disproportionately suffer from a variety of diet-related conditions. Amartya Sen has written extensively about famine as a failure of functional governance. I draw on these considerations to defend two claims. First, the perpetuation of food deserts also constitutes a breakdown specifically of functional democracy. Second, this breakdown is best addressed by implementing programs and policies that reflect Sen's capabilities approach to justice. I challenge the proposition that resourcism or any other competing approach is preferable for this particular undertaking. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 178-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1019433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1019433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:178-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Porter Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Porter Title: I Know What to Expect: The Impact of Prior Experience on Legal Empowerment Abstract: Increasing legal empowerment is a key objective of governments and justice systems worldwide. Consequently, the impact of judicable events on legal empowerment is a question of some significance. Subjective legal empowerment (SLE) is a measure of legal empowerment based on individual perceptions. SLE is based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy. In this study, a sample of over 500 respondents from a Dutch legal assistance clinic were asked about their prior experience of legal conflicts, and completed measures of SLE in relation to a range of legal domains. The results show that previous experience of legal problems results in lowered SLE ratings across a range of different domains, regardless of success/completion of these problems, and that experience within specific legal domains results in significantly lowered empowerment ratings for future problems of that nature. The implications for both the measurement methodology and for the future design of legal procedures are examined. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 191-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:191-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Author-X-Name-Last: Peppin Vaughan Title: Education, Social Justice and School Diversity: Insights from the Capability Approach Abstract: This paper offers a theoretical exploration of the impact of diversity in schools on attitudes to inequality in students’ later life. Reflecting on recent changes on the school system in England, and building on work on how values are formed and how inequalities between groups may be either perpetuated or changed, it seeks to investigate the development of values and agency goals relating to the reduction of poverty and inequalities, particularly between groups. School education has the potential to foster civic participation and moral values, and formal schooling can be seen as a unique site for the development of such values at a formative period of individual development, through processes such as collective reasoning and encounters with difference and inequality. While these issues have been explored with regard to educational content, most notably through citizenship education, it is equally important to consider the social context within which formal learning takes place, particularly the diversity of the school body itself, and how this is managed. This paper draws on existing literature on education, values and school diversity to examine how the capability approach can provide insights into the development of social justice values through education. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 206-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:206-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annie Austin Author-X-Name-First: Annie Author-X-Name-Last: Austin Title: Practical Reason in Hard Times: The Effects of Economic Crisis on the Kinds of Lives People in the UK Have Reason to Value Abstract: The capabilities approach (CA) was developed partly in response to the problem of adaptive preferences, which is considered by many to be a fatal flaw in utilitarian approaches to well-being. However, an important critique of the CA is that it is subject to an analogous problem of adaptation to deprivation: if well-being is defined as the capability to live the kind of life one has reason to value, but conceptions of value are conditioned by external circumstances or subject to adaptation, evaluations of well-being in the capability space may suffer similar distortions. This paper investigates the effects of the recent economic crisis in the UK on practical reasoning—on people's conceptions of the good and their freedom to deliberate about the planning of their lives. Using data from the European Social Survey and an Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling approach, it is shown that hard economic times did cause adaptation in conceptions of value, with particularly large effects among the economically vulnerable and the youngest generation. It is concluded that conceptions of value should be included in the definition of capability, and that this strategy can enhance the analytical power of the CA. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 225-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:225-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elise Klein Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Klein Title: The Curious Case of Using the Capability Approach in Australian Indigenous Policy Abstract: The capability approach has been recently used in Australian Indigenous policy formation. What is curious about this use is how the approach has been used in some instances to justify current paternalistic and instructive policies for Indigenous Australians including behavioural conditions to welfare payments and income management—policy apparatuses aimed to create individual responsibility and to “re-engineer social norms of Indigenous people.” This interpretation of the capability approach is at odds with the writings of capability scholars. To examine this tension, this paper firstly reviews and clarifies the important concepts of freedom, agency and pluralism according to capability approach scholars, in particular Amartya Sen. The contestation between the writings of Sen and commentators of Indigenous policy is then addressed paying particular attention to three areas; deficit discourse, individual responsibility and the ends and means of policy. An examination of how the capability approach can be used to analyse welfare to work and activation strategies within wider Australian Indigenous policy is then undertaken, followed by some broader reflections on the discursive environments in which misinterpretations of the capability approach could continue to take place. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 245-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:245-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sonja Loots Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Loots Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: A Capabilities-based Gender Equality Policy for Higher Education: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations Abstract: The complex transformative intent of policy goals is often marginalized in favour of tangible, measurable outcomes. Such a pattern is evident in the tracking of global social justice goals, such as gender equality, where sole reliance on numerical parity data to track progress has led to the simplification of the concept for the sake of measurement. This intensifies the need to focus both on conceptual and methodological considerations in policy development and evaluation to enhance human development and promote the transformation of inequalities towards social justice. Through reporting on a mixed-methods process to inform and develop a capabilities-based gender equality policy at a South African university, the paper asks what gender equality should look like conceptually, and identifies empirically valued functionings and capabilities which could act as transformative policy evaluation indicators. The paper reports on diverse student data from 57 qualitative interviews and 843 survey respondents, which indicate differences between what social groups value and where interventions are needed. The paper suggests that the capabilities approach could be an important evidence-based policy driver in higher education, with the possibility to combine both a rich conceptual approach and methodological considerations in operationalization so that social justice goals and outcomes result. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 260-277 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076777 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:260-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamish Russell Author-X-Name-First: Hamish Author-X-Name-Last: Russell Author-Name: Gillian Brock Author-X-Name-First: Gillian Author-X-Name-Last: Brock Title: Abusive Tax Avoidance and Responsibilities of Tax Professionals Abstract: Abusive tax avoidance reduces the effectiveness and equity of fiscal institutions, and hence contributes to significant levels of deprivation in both developed and developing countries. In the first part of this paper, we outline the main reasons for the existence and scale of abusive tax avoidance, with emphasis on factors that exacerbate the problem in the developing world. However, our main project in this paper is normative. We argue that tax professionals, such as lawyers, accountants and financial advisors, have strong obligations to help remedy the deprivation caused by abusive tax avoidance. To make our case, we present three connective grounds that serve as criteria for remedial responsibilities: causal contribution, benefit and capacity to assist. Although these criteria sometimes pull in different directions, when all three converge there are especially strong grounds for assigning responsibilities to the relevant set of actors. Applying this convergence approach, we demonstrate that tax professionals contribute majorly to abusive tax avoidance, benefit greatly from its persistence, and have significant capacities to reduce its extent. One result of this analysis is that tax professionals—especially large accountancy, legal and securities firms—ought to do much more to address tax avoidance than merely comply with existing legislation. We also argue that these responsibilities are consistent with, indeed required by, widely accepted standards of professional integrity. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 278-294 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:278-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Mark Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Mark Mitchell Title: The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 295-296 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:295-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cirenia Chávez Villegas Author-X-Name-First: Cirenia Author-X-Name-Last: Chávez Villegas Title: Happiness and Economic Growth: Lessons from Developing Countries Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 296-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:296-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Schiltz Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Schiltz Title: Depoliticising Migration: Global Governance and International Migration Narratives Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 298-299 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:298-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Vansteenkiste Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Vansteenkiste Author-Name: Mark Schuller Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Schuller Title: The Gendered Space of Capabilities and Functionings: Lessons from Haitian Community-Based Organizations Abstract: Different frameworks for building capabilities result in different material outcomes for women in four Haitian community-based organizations: two mixed-gender versus two women’s organizations. This study shows that frameworks deployed by the women’s organizations pay attention to gendered strategic interests by enhancing capabilities and functionings that communities and individuals value. Their frameworks resembled Nussbaum’s (2011, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press): (1) practical reasoning and (2) affiliation, enabling combined capabilities and valued functionings in a manner that respects Sen’s demands for plurality of individual freedoms within the society. We contend that when an organization makes gender central to a capabilities approach, space is created for women to imagine, practice, and choose real opportunities and functionings of value that are otherwise prohibited. This gendered capabilities methodology addresses political and social poverty and creates a platform for building democracy, offering a central frame scalable to national policy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 147-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411893 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:147-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Walker Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Leveraging Communities’ Capabilities to Increase Accountability for Health Rights: The Case of Citizen Voice and Action Abstract: Citizen Voice and Action (CV&A), a rights- and strengths-based social accountability approach developed in the global South, helps communities marginalized by unfair power relations to counter low accountability. By creating a dynamic of entitlement within communities and obligation by duty-bearers, it improves power relations and frees communities to build shared agency through reciprocity which advances health rights claims. After outlining capability theory and linking it to human rights, this paper explains CV&A’s origins in democratic struggles for rights and its current praxis. Using Ugandan case studies, it examines how people suffering its low accountability claim health and human rights by culturally engaging with each other and with duty-bearers. When interpreted as a set of collective freedoms and capabilities to struggle, social accountability helps explain how democratic action with and for communities at multiple levels aligns policy implementation with service performance to produce standards of public healthcare that community members value. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 181-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:181-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Jansen Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen Author-Name: Roos Pijpers Author-X-Name-First: Roos Author-X-Name-Last: Pijpers Author-Name: George de Kam Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: de Kam Title: Expanding Capabilities in Integrated Service Areas (ISAs) As Communities of Care: A Study of Dutch Older Adults’ Narratives on the Life They Have Reason to Value Abstract: We apply the capability approach to understand the scope and limitations of community efforts to support older adults dwelling in integrated service areas (ISAs) in the Netherlands. An ISA is a neighborhood-based form of care organization aimed at the widening of opportunities to achieve well-being goals by building on local community resources. To gain insight in the complex effects of ISAs on older adults’ well-being, a narrative study was performed on their daily lived experiences. Emerging narrative patterns were aggregated in a Manifesto of the Independently Living Older Person. Narrative patterns and Manifesto provided insight in both respondents’ capabilities and functionings, expressing values such as autonomy, human dignity and contributions to community care by older adults themselves. Older adults balance realistic and optimistic expectations for the future in ways that can be explained using the concepts of capability security, adaptive preferences, care-receiving and caring-with. Since interventions transpire through local interactions and shared practices, ISAs represent a social space in between individuality and collectivity where older adults enact community by sharing common ends. Findings imply that the complex interventions developed in ISAs expand older adults’ capabilities involving the challenge for all stakeholders to negotiate individual freedoms in community care settings. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 232-248 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:232-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini Author-Name: Caterina Arciprete Author-X-Name-First: Caterina Author-X-Name-Last: Arciprete Title: Local Communities and Capability Evolution: The Core of Human Development Processes Abstract: The capability approach has the power to examine how different societal arrangements can be pivotal for the fulfilment and/or deprivations of individual human capabilities and human development [Sen, A. K. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press]. However, little analysis has been so far devoted to the centrality of the local community for human capabilities, which constitutes the most proximate socio-institutional setting that most directly shapes individual and collective well-being. In order to reflect about the relations between community and capabilities, this paper embraces a geographical definition of community (complementary—not superior—to other conceptualizations) with a twofold scope. Firstly, it aims at filling the theoretical vacuum presenting an extension of the STEHD framework (Sustainable Territorial Evolution for Human Development) introduced by Biggeri and Ferrannini [2014a. Sustainable Human Development: A New Territorial and People-centred Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan], which links the individual, collective and local community dynamics affecting human capabilities. Secondly, it aims at showing how this framework can help to examine the different processes in place at the community level, by applying to the case study of a Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programme implemented in Mandya and Ramanagaram Districts (Karnataka State, India). The paper is structured into five sections. After the introduction, the second section introduces the STEHD framework and reveals its potential to frame the local community dynamics. In the third section, the case study is introduced and the main results in terms of human development outcomes are discussed. In the fourth section, the dynamic processes of individual, collective and community change fostered by the CBR programme are analysed by applying the STEHD framework. The last section concludes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 126-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411896 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:126-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trang Pham Author-X-Name-First: Trang Author-X-Name-Last: Pham Title: The Capability Approach and Evaluation of Community-Driven Development Programs Abstract: Community-driven development (CDD)—a development paradigm that upholds community participation and empowerment—has become an integral part of the World Bank’s operational strategy in the last few decades. It claims to bring better development results in terms of poverty reduction, good governance, effectiveness, sustainability and inclusive development. However, despite its claims and popularity, actual evidence of the development impacts of CDD has been mixed. One reason for the mixed results can be attributed to the incompatibility between the top-down evaluation methods used and CDD’s principles and processes. This paper argues that the Capability Approach (CA) pioneered by Sen and Nussbaum can be used as an evaluation framework to more effectively evaluate CDD programs. The CA is compatible with CDD’s principles of valuing agency and empowerment; it offers a broad informational base for normative judgement; and it is sensitive to gender and individual differences. This paper will also address challenges in operationalizing the CA to evaluate CDD programs in particular and development projects in general and will apply the proposed operationalization principles to develop a list of capabilities suitable for measuring poverty reduction, a key objective of CDD interventions, thus showing that the operationalization of the CA is possible. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 166-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1412407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1412407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:166-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Gynna F. Millán Franco Author-X-Name-First: Gynna F. Author-X-Name-Last: Millán Franco Author-Name: María Alejandra Millán Franco Author-X-Name-First: María Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Millán Franco Title: When Collectivity Makes a Difference: Theoretical and Empirical Insights from Urban and Rural Communities in Colombia Abstract: In this paper, we analyse two Colombian communities using elements of the capability approach. The first, Comuna 8, is an urban community in Medellín, Colombia’s second largest city. The second community is a Zona de Reserva Campesina (Peasant Farmer Reserve Zone) in the Cabrera municipality, in the Department of Cundinamarca. We explore the reasons why people value being part of a community, along with the collective capabilities that are expanded through community participation. As a product of these capabilities communities plan their own territories, which are examples of collective functionings. Social and environmental conversion factors, as well the historical background of the two communities, are key elements in the analysis. Finally, this research sheds light on individual and collective agency. This agency not only occurs in spaces recognised by Colombian law, but also in areas claimed by the communities themselves. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 216-231 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1412408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1412408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:216-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronica Crosbie Author-X-Name-First: Veronica Author-X-Name-Last: Crosbie Title: Intercultural Dialogue in Practice: BlueFire’s Community Integration Activities Viewed Through a Participatory Action Research Capability Lens Abstract: This study explores ways in which intercultural dialogue is fostered through the activities of the social enterprise BlueFire, based in Dublin’s north inner city. Using a critical participatory action research methodology and a capability perspective, it seeks to understand how, and to what extent, BlueFire has begun to create a dynamic dialogical space using the arts and community engagement through core activities including the “BlueFire Street Fest” and the “Smithfield Summer Picnics.” Outcomes of the research so far include an on-going dialogue on integration and community engagement that has led to a deeper appreciation of the factors that underpin communication and social practice in community settings. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 198-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1445704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1445704 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:198-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aurora Lopez-Fogues Author-X-Name-First: Aurora Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Fogues Title: Universities and Global Human Development: Theoretical and Empirical Insights for Social Change Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 269-270 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448235 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:269-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Title: Global Justice and Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 266-267 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:266-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein Title: The Asian “Poverty Miracle”: Impressive Accomplishments or Incomplete Achievements? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 268-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:268-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ntimi Mtawa Author-X-Name-First: Ntimi Author-X-Name-Last: Mtawa Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom Author-X-Name-First: Merridy Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom Title: Community Service Learning: Pedagogy at the Interface of Poverty, Inequality and Privilege Abstract: Using empirical data from three different community service learning (CSL) courses offered at a South African university, in this paper we discuss the promises and pitfalls of this pedagogy for meaningful change within communities. The paper makes visible the challenging contradictions of CSL as a practice seeking to promote social change and CSL as a form of charity or paternalism. Drawing on in-depth qualitative data collected from interviews with lecturers, focus groups with students involved in CSL and interviews and focus groups with community members who participated in CSL, we examine the interface between poverty, inequality and privilege that occurs when universities and poor communities endeavour to partner. We argue that CSL ought to promote social change through fostering a sense of agency, empowerment, sustainability and capabilities formation amongst students and within communities. However, when CSL course design (and resultant implementation) does not sufficiently take account of the complex relations of power and privilege, particularly in the context of extreme poverty in communities, CSL practice risks undermining the social transformation that it seeks to foster. We draw on the work of Davis and Wells [2016. “Transformation without Paternalism.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. doi:10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198] to propose procedural principles for democratic CSL design and implementation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 249-265 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:249-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graciela Tonon Author-X-Name-First: Graciela Author-X-Name-Last: Tonon Title: Communities and Capabilities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 121-125 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1454288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1454288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:121-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Fibieger Byskov Author-X-Name-First: Morten Fibieger Author-X-Name-Last: Byskov Title: Democracy, Philosophy, and the Selection of Capabilities Abstract: A key task within the capability approach is the selection of relevant capabilities. The question of how to select capabilities has divided capability theorists into two camps: those who argue that it is a philosophical task and those who argue that it is a matter for the public. In this paper, I argue that this distinction between philosophy and democracy is counterproductive to the operationalization of the capability approach. On the one hand, proponents of the philosophical position overestimate the need for philosophical theorizing when selecting capabilities. On the other hand, proponents of the democratic positions can benefit from addressing issues raised by philosophers. I conclude that rather than making the philosophical position more democratically sensitive, we should search out ways in which philosophy can reinforce democratic processes in general and in relation to the selection of capabilities in particular. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon Anderson Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson Author-Name: Teng Wah Leo Author-X-Name-First: Teng Wah Author-X-Name-Last: Leo Title: Quantifying the Progress of Economic and Social Justice: Charting Changes in Equality of Opportunity in the USA, 1960–2000 Abstract: The notion of equality of opportunity (EO) has pervaded much of economic and social justice policy, and research over the last half century. The sense that differences in agent outcomes that are the consequence of their individual choice and effort are acceptable whereas variation in agent outcomes that are the consequence of circumstances beyond their control are not has underpinned much gender, race, education, and family law and policy over that period, making it a many-dimensioned issue. In this context, the empirical analysis of EO has been hampered in the sense that the usual techniques are one-dimensional in nature. Here a new approach to evaluating levels of and changes in EO which readily accommodates these many dimensions is introduced, and progress in the extent of EO for 18-year-olds in the USA is examined over the period 1960–2000. The evidence is that gains were made in all categories throughout the period, more so for males than females (though females were better off in an EO sense to start with), more so for children in single parent circumstances, and more so for the poorly endowed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 17-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1115393 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1115393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:17-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lasse Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Lasse Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Author-Name: David V. Axelsen Author-X-Name-First: David V. Author-X-Name-Last: Axelsen Title: Capabilitarian Sufficiency: Capabilities and Social Justice Abstract: This paper suggests an account of sufficientarianism—that is, that justice is fulfilled when everyone has enough—laid out within a general framework of the capability approach. In doing so, it seeks to show that sufficiency is especially plausible as an ideal of social justice when constructed around key capabilitarian insights such as freedom, pluralism, and attention to empirical interconnections between central capabilities. Correspondingly, we elaborate on how a framework for evaluating social justice would look when constructed in this way and give reasons for why capabilitarians should embrace sufficientarianism. We do this by elaborating on how capabilitarian values underpin sufficiency. On this basis, we identify three categories of central capabilities; those related to biological and physical needs, those to fundamental interests of a human agent, and those to fundamental interests of a social being. In each category, we argue, achieving sufficiency requires different distributional patterns depending on how the capabilities themselves work and interrelate. This argument adds a new dimension to the way capabilitarians think about social justice and changes how we should target instances of social justice from social-political viewpoint. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 46-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:46-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kia M.Q. Hall Author-X-Name-First: Kia M.Q. Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Introducing Joint Capabilities: Findings from a Study of Development in Honduras’ Garifuna Ancestral Villages Abstract: This article argues for the family as a unit of analysis within capabilities approaches to human development. Challenging the liberal emphasis on the individual, this article illustrates that individualist approaches to families do not account for the relatively common scenario of families acting as a unit. Building upon Margaret Gilbert’s concept of plural subject agents, the paper suggests a new category of capabilities called joint capabilities that apply to the opportunities afforded to families that function as a unit. In order to build the case for joint capabilities, the author’s experiences and observations of family in the Afro-indigenous Garifuna ancestral villages of Honduras are discussed. More specifically, the capability of rural families to make cassava bread, or ereba in the Garifuna language, is explored. While the Garifuna family is explored as an important unit of analysis for understanding capabilities, the family is also examined as a complex context for exploration of power relations and inequality. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 60-74 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199168 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:60-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Godfrey-Wood Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Godfrey-Wood Author-Name: Graciela Mamani-Vargas Author-X-Name-First: Graciela Author-X-Name-Last: Mamani-Vargas Title: The Coercive Side of Collective Capabilities: Evidence from the Bolivian Abstract: Theorists have critiqued the individualism at the heart of Sen’s capabilities approach, and have advocated the concept of “collective capabilities” to better understand the role of social institutions in influencing human flourishing and freedom. However, the extent to which collective capabilities are complementary to, or in tension with individual ones has been under-researched. This paper explores the relationship between collective and individual capabilities by analysing the social institutions of indigenous peasants living in the Bolivian Altiplano, a relatively collectivist society, considering the roles of three key social institutions: village-level political organizations, social activities, and Evangelical churches. It argues that the strength of institutions to contribute to both individual and collective well-being often depends on their ability to use coercive instruments to override individual freedoms. Therefore, while the data support the claim that individualist approaches to well-being and freedom are inadequate, it also calls for more dynamic understandings of the ways in which social institutions enable and constrain people’s capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 75-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199169 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199169 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:75-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronelle Burger Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle Author-X-Name-Last: Burger Author-Name: Camren McAravey Author-X-Name-First: Camren Author-X-Name-Last: McAravey Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg Author-X-Name-First: Servaas Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg Title: The Capability Threshold: Re-examining the Definition of the Middle Class in an Unequal Developing Country Abstract: We argue that a multi-dimensional approach to categorizing the middle class is more appropriate for a polarized developing country and propose an alternative measurement rooted in the ideas of empowerment and capability. We find that the “empowered middle class” has expanded significantly since 1993 and also constitutes a larger share of vulnerable subgroups such as blacks, female-headed households and rural inhabitants. Differing trends between the middle class categorized based on income and based on capabilities are attributed to improved capabilities that have not been rewarded with a proportional increases in access to the labour market. It is disconcerting that links to the labour market improved only slightly and this is attributed to sluggish labour market growth and low quality of education. It is concerning that vulnerable individuals harbour unrealistically high expectations of the social mobility of their households and appear to not understand the determinants of social mobility and labour market prospects. This is attributed to heightened expectations following the political transition, but also the continued disconnection and marginalization of vulnerable subpopulations from the mainstream economy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 89-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251402 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251402 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:89-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lu Gram Author-X-Name-First: Lu Author-X-Name-Last: Gram Author-Name: Joanna Morrison Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Morrison Author-Name: Neha Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Neha Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Author-Name: Bhim Shrestha Author-X-Name-First: Bhim Author-X-Name-Last: Shrestha Author-Name: Dharma Manandhar Author-X-Name-First: Dharma Author-X-Name-Last: Manandhar Author-Name: Anthony Costello Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Costello Author-Name: Naomi Saville Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Saville Author-Name: Jolene Skordis-Worrall Author-X-Name-First: Jolene Author-X-Name-Last: Skordis-Worrall Title: Validating an Agency-based Tool for Measuring Women’s Empowerment in a Complex Public Health Trial in Rural Nepal Abstract: Despite the rising popularity of indicators of women’s empowerment in global development programmes, little work has been done on the validity of existing measures of such a complex concept. We present a mixed methods validation of the use of the Relative Autonomy Index for measuring Amartya Sen’s notion of agency freedom in rural Nepal. Analysis of think-aloud interviews (n = 7) indicated adequate respondent understanding of questionnaire items, but multiple problems of interpretation including difficulties with the four-point Likert scale, questionnaire item ambiguity and difficulties with translation. Exploratory Factor Analysis of a calibration sample (n = 511) suggested two positively correlated factors (r = 0.64) loading on internally and externally motivated behaviour. Both factors increased with decreasing education and decision-making power on large expenditures and food preparation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis on a validation sample (n = 509) revealed good fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.05–0.08, Comparative Fit Index 0.91–0.99). In conclusion, we caution against uncritical use of agency-based quantification of women’s empowerment. While qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed overall satisfactory construct and content validity, the positive correlation between external and internal motivations suggests the existence of adaptive preferences. High scores on internally motivated behaviour may reflect internalized oppression rather than agency freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 107-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:107-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karie Cross Author-X-Name-First: Karie Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: New Approaches Towards the ‘Good Life’: Applications and Transformations of the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 136-137 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:136-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco J. Haenssgen Author-X-Name-First: Marco J. Author-X-Name-Last: Haenssgen Title: After Access: Inclusion, Development, and a More Mobile Internet Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 137-139 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:137-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kattie Lussier Author-X-Name-First: Kattie Author-X-Name-Last: Lussier Title: Human Development and Capacity Building: Asia Pacific Trends, Challenges and Prospects for the Future Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 139-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284951 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284951 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:139-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: i-i Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1274152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1274152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:i-i Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quentin Wodon Author-X-Name-First: Quentin Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon Title: Investing in Early Childhood Development: Essential Interventions, Family Contexts, and Broader Policies Abstract: Access to quality early childhood development (ECD), care, and pre-primary education is essential for child development and is now recognized as a priority under the Sustainable Development Goals. Investments in ECD by major donors have been rising rapidly in recent years. This makes the task of understanding better what works to promote ECD, and what may not work as well, a priority. The objective of this special issue of the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities is to contribute to the evidence base in three areas—the roles of program interventions, family contexts, and broader policies in ensuring optimal child development. The issue consists of five research articles, most of which provide evaluations of specific interventions, as well as three shorter notes considering broader policy issues. The main conclusions of the various contributions are summarized in this article together with a brief introduction to simple conceptual frameworks that countries, donors, and other stakeholders may find useful when considering alternative ways to invest in ECD. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 465-476 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1240883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1240883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:465-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy Jo Dowd Author-X-Name-First: Amy Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Dowd Author-Name: Ivelina Borisova Author-X-Name-First: Ivelina Author-X-Name-Last: Borisova Author-Name: Ali Amente Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Amente Author-Name: Alene Yenew Author-X-Name-First: Alene Author-X-Name-Last: Yenew Title: Realizing Capabilities in Ethiopia: Maximizing Early Childhood Investment for Impact and Equity Abstract: Enhanced early childhood care development (ECCD) holds great promise for enabling children to realize their full potential and enjoy greater opportunities and rights. In Ethiopia, two types of ECCD centers (government and community supported) were randomly assigned to standard or enhanced quality (emergent literacy and math—ELM) treatments to enable an impact evaluation of early childhood intervention quality on child development outcomes. The children attending these centers are also compared to a group of children without access to ECCD programs. The International Development and Early Learning Assessment administered to the same children twice within seven months’ time reveals that provision of an enhanced early childhood program yields greater impact and equity. Effect sizes in emergent language and literacy, emergent math and social–emotional development domains range from 0.27 to 0.53 for the standard ECCD provision, while enhanced ELM intervention has effect sizes over one standard deviation in each of these three domains. Importantly, children in ELM centers with lowest socioeconomic status made significantly greater gains than their peers with higher socioeconomic status. ECCD quality enhances intervention impact for all children, and closes the gap for the poorest children. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 477-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:477-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Diazgranados Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Diazgranados Author-Name: Ivelina Borisova Author-X-Name-First: Ivelina Author-X-Name-Last: Borisova Author-Name: Taposhi Sarker Author-X-Name-First: Taposhi Author-X-Name-Last: Sarker Title: Does Attending an Enhanced-quality Preschool have an Effect on the Emergent Literacy, Emergent Math, Social Skills and Knowledge of Health, Hygiene, Nutrition and Safety of Young Children? Evidence from a Quasi-experiment with Two Control Groups in Bangladesh Abstract: This study aims to identify the effect of attending an enhanced-quality preschool program on students’ emergent math, emergent language and literacy, socio-personal skills and knowledge of health, hygiene, nutrition and safety. We used a quasi-experimental design with pre-post measures and two control groups, with data from a random sample of approximately 709 4–6-year-old children in 40 villages and 5 districts of Bangladesh. Controlling for demographic and baseline characteristics, we compared the outcomes of children who attended an enhanced-quality preschool with the outcomes of children who lived nearby, but were (1) not attending preschool or (2) attending a standard-quality government preschool. We found that, after controlling for baseline characteristics, initial pre-test differences that significantly favored children in enhanced-quality preschools over non-preschoolers significantly increased over time in all outcomes of interest. We did not find differences at baseline between children in the enhanced and the standard-quality preschools, but after the intervention, preschoolers in the enhanced program gained small and positive advantages over their counterparts, which were not statistically significant, possibly due to the sample size of the Government Public School group, which made us unable to detect effects sizes smaller than 0.25 standard deviations. We discuss implications, threats to validity and future research. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 494-515 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225704 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:494-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Josefina Valadez-Martinez Author-X-Name-First: Laura Josefina Author-X-Name-Last: Valadez-Martinez Title: Household Income Trajectories, PROGRESA-Oportunidades, and Child Well-being at Pre-school Age in Rural Mexico Abstract: This study examines the extent to which household income around the time of birth and income trajectory, influenced by the conditional cash transfer programme PROGRESA-Oportunidades, are associated with the physiological, cognitive, motor, and emotional well-being of pre-school children in rural Mexico. Using the ENCASEH/ENCEL, Structural Equation Models are developed to explore the association between household income over the course of the child’s life, taking part in the cash transfer programme, and indicators of well-being at 4–6 years of age. Results indicate that household income around the time of birth is positively associated with child outcomes at 4–6 years of age. This reinforces the evidence that early poverty has a scarring effect on children’s capabilities. Results also show that improving income trajectories were found to be positively associated with better child development, and PROGRESA-Oportunidades had an indirect positive impact on children the 5- and 4-year-old groups by influencing the income trajectories of their households. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 516-539 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:516-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meltem Dayioğlu Author-X-Name-First: Meltem Author-X-Name-Last: Dayioğlu Author-Name: Sirma Demir Şeker Author-X-Name-First: Sirma Author-X-Name-Last: Demir Şeker Title: Social Policy and the Dynamics of Early Childhood Poverty in Turkey Abstract: This paper analyses the dynamics of child poverty in Turkey using a nationally representative four-year panel. The results show that 51.4% of 0–6-year-olds are touched by poverty over a four-year period, which is substantially higher than the cross-sectional head count ratio of 32.2%. Totally 30% of the poor children or 15.4% of the child population experience poverty for the entire observation window. Furthermore, nearly half experience severe material deprivation. Although we find substantial movements in and out of poverty, the exit rate is lower and the entry rate is higher than the rates reported for the total population and those reported in the literature for children in developed countries. The limited amount of social assistance available to children in Turkey means that children’s welfare depends heavily on the labour market outcomes of their parents. Children who live in households headed by younger and less-educated persons without work or in precarious employment are more likely to be persistent poor and face persistent severe material deprivation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 540-557 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:540-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meltem A. Aran Author-X-Name-First: Meltem A. Author-X-Name-Last: Aran Author-Name: Ana Maria Munoz Boudet Author-X-Name-First: Ana Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Munoz Boudet Author-Name: Nazli Aktakke Author-X-Name-First: Nazli Author-X-Name-Last: Aktakke Title: Can Regulations Make It More Difficult to Serve the Poor? The Case of Childcare Services in Istanbul, Turkey Abstract: Private and community-driven efforts can be an important resource to expand early childhood education and care (ECEC) services to poor children, under the right conditions and design. The regulations imposed on private ECEC provision, while having an impact on quality, may increase costs of provision and in return prices of services, reducing accessibility and affordability for poor households. This paper considers the impact of regulations on private ECEC in a highly regulated childcare market in a developing country. Using data from a recently fielded survey that sampled 141 private ECEC facilities in Istanbul, Turkey, the paper looks at the impact of fixed regulations on prices and poor children’s access to services, in particular the outdoor space requirement that was originally imposed on private providers in the 1960s and has over time become more difficult to fulfill in densely populated districts of the city. The paper estimates that controlling for other provider characteristics, in districts where such requirement is more binding, the price of childcare services increases by 376.2 TL per child per month and the percentage of children enrolled coming from poor backgrounds lowers by 15.1% points than in districts where such standard proves less challenging. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 558-582 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:558-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Caceres Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Caceres Author-Name: Jeffrey Tanner Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Tanner Author-Name: Sian Williams Author-X-Name-First: Sian Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Maximizing Child Development: Three Principles for Policy-makers Abstract: The policy note advances three inter-related principles to guide policy-makers and agents in international development organizations to prioritize their actions. These principles are drawn from findings from two Early Childhood Development (ECD) reports recently completed by the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group—one on the World Bank support for ECD and the other a systematic review of the sustained effects of early childhood interventions. The principles are: Support the Early Development of Children, Starting from Birth; Support Parents Through Existing Services; Make Resources Available to Meet Needs of the Most Vulnerable. These principles imply a new emphasis on development beyond survival with effective, evidence-informed interventions. The policy implications also mean starting with what exists in services in health and protection for vulnerable families and augmenting these with parenting support and education components so that children’s risks are reduced and more poor children will be ready to enter primary school at the appropriate age and to persist through schooling and thrive in the labor market. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 583-589 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1243521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1243521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:583-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quentin Wodon Author-X-Name-First: Quentin Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon Title: Early Childhood Development in the Context of the Family: The Case of Child Marriage Abstract: Early childhood is a critical period in a child’s development. Poor conditions early in life affect not only children’s physical growth, but also their brain development and capabilities, with lasting consequences in adulthood. A child’s family is the first and most important support system to ensure healthy growth and development. This also means that when the family and especially the mother is vulnerable, this can have lasting negative consequences for young children. This article illustrates the impact that family conditions can have on early childhood development by considering the specific case of child marriage, defined as a girl marrying before the age of 18, as well as early childbirth, defined as a girl having a child before the age of 18, itself in most cases a consequence of child marriage. The article also discusses interventions that could help in reducing both the likelihood of child marriage and its intergenerational impacts on young children. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 590-598 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1245277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1245277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:590-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amber Gove Author-X-Name-First: Amber Author-X-Name-Last: Gove Author-Name: Maureen M. Black Author-X-Name-First: Maureen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Black Title: Measurement of Early Childhood Development and Learning under the Sustainable Development Goals Abstract: Children’s early development serves as the foundation for later health, learning and well-being. The inclusion of early childhood development (ECD) in the Sustainable Development Goals implies that countries must report on the percentage of children under 5 years of age who are “developmentally on track.” This note briefly reflects on the history of global ECD goals and their measurement and outlines the challenge ahead: creating a workable strategy for ECD measurement that balances the need for national relevance with globally comparable data. The global variation in the timing and nature of early childhood skills acquisition presents an important opportunity as countries set their own standards for what it means to be developmentally on track. Country-driven measurement and standard setting, derived from measurement approaches that meet international expectations for quality, can have an important influence on policy and practice. Countries can measure the development of their youngest citizens in a way that is most relevant and useful to them, so that they may use those data to ensure that all children have the opportunity to fulfill their potential. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 599-605 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1243520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1243520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:599-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoff Goodwin Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin Title: Growth, Employment, Inequality and the Environment: Unity of Knowledge in Economics (Volumes 1 and 2) Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 606-607 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:606-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree Title: The Moral Challenge of Dangerous Climate Change: Values, Poverty, and Policy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 607-609 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:607-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tobias Gandrup Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Gandrup Title: Aspirations, Education and Social Justice: Applying Sen and Bourdieu Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 609-611 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:609-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benedicta Ideho Omokaro Author-X-Name-First: Benedicta Ideho Author-X-Name-Last: Omokaro Title: Social Protection, Economic Growth and Social Change: Goals, Issues and Trajectories in China, India, Brazil and South Africa Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 611-612 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:611-612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi Title: Democracy, Gender and Social Policy in Russia: A Wayward Society Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 612-613 Issue: 4 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:612-613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer Author-Name: Christine Polzin Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Polzin Author-Name: Mirijam Mock Author-X-Name-First: Mirijam Author-X-Name-Last: Mock Author-Name: Ines Omann Author-X-Name-First: Ines Author-X-Name-Last: Omann Title: Examining Collective Action Through the Capability Approach: The Example of Community Currencies Abstract: Collective action—the involvement of a group of people carrying out common and voluntary actions to pursue shared interests—has a high potential to contribute to agency and wellbeing freedom. It is a current and recurrent phenomenon in society, but it is still poorly explained by the Capability Approach (CA). This paper’s main aim is to look more closely at how the CA can be used to better frame, understand and evaluate the impacts of collective action. Based on a discussion of the literature on collective capabilities and agency we suggest extending the perspective of the original approach, mainly through a more explicit distinction between three layers: individual processes, collective action, and social institutions. We argue that such an extension is useful in order to evaluate how collective action can alter wellbeing and agency freedoms. By way of example, we look at community currency (CC) initiatives—trading schemes that are designed and implemented as a supplement to the legal tender money—and employ the three-layered CA to describe and evaluate the effects of acting collectively in such a setting. We also point out what distinguishes such an assessment from other approaches that we have found in the literature on CC. We conclude that a more systematic analysis of collective action through the CA may enable the latter to provide for useful assessments of collective action. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 345-364 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1415870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1415870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:345-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Srijit Mishra Author-X-Name-First: Srijit Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Author-Name: Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan Author-X-Name-First: Hippu Salk Kristle Author-X-Name-Last: Nathan Title: A MANUSH or HUMANS Characterisation of the Human Development Index Abstract: Proposing a set of axioms MANUSH (Monotonicity, Anonymity, Normalisation, Uniformity, Shortfall sensitivity, Hiatus sensitivity to level), this paper evaluates three aggregation methods of computing Human Development Index (HDI). The old measure of HDI, which is a linear average of the three dimensions, satisfies monotonicity, anonymity, and normalisation (or MAN) axioms. The current geometric mean approach additionally satisfies the axiom of uniformity, which penalises unbalanced development across dimensions. We propose ℋα measure, which for α ≥ 2 also satisfies axioms of shortfall sensitivity (emphases on the worse-off to better-off dimensions should be at least in proportion to their shortfalls) and hiatus sensitivity to level (higher overall attainment must simultaneously lead to a reduction in gap across dimensions). Special cases of ℋα are the linear average (α = 1), the displaced ideal (α = 2), and the leximin ordering (α → ∞) methods. For its axiomatic advantages, we propose to make use of the displaced ideal (α = 2) method in the computation of HDI replacing the current geometric mean. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 398-415 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:398-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Greco Author-X-Name-First: Giulia Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Author-Name: Jolene Skordis-Worrall Author-X-Name-First: Jolene Author-X-Name-Last: Skordis-Worrall Author-Name: Anne Mills Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Mills Title: Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Women’s Capabilities Index Abstract: We report the results of a series of validity and reliability tests performed during the development of the Women’s Capabilities Index (WCI) in Malawi. The WCI is a multidimensional measure based on Sen’s capability framework for assessing women’s quality of life. Construct validity was assessed by investigating the expected relationships of the dimensions with key socioeconomic characteristics. The majority of hypothesized associations were found to be statistically significant in the expected direction. This provides evidence that the index is measuring quality of life as intended in the conceptual model. Further evidence in support of the index’s validity was given by the high degree of correlation between the WCI and another scale measuring comparable (but not identical) domains of quality of life. The results from the internal consistency and the test–retest repeatability also offered encouraging evidence on the reliability of the instrument. This is the first study to rigorously and comprehensively test for validity and reliability a capabilities index for a low-income setting. The results of the validity and reliability tests provide supportive evidence that a locally developed measure of capabilities can be used as a robust tool for the assessment of women’s quality of life. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 271-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422704 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:271-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vilma Seeberg Author-X-Name-First: Vilma Author-X-Name-Last: Seeberg Author-Name: Shujuan Luo Author-X-Name-First: Shujuan Author-X-Name-Last: Luo Title: Migrating to the City in North West China: Young Rural Women’s Empowerment Abstract: China has one of the largest internal migrant populations of the world today, one third of them are estimated to be women. This paper, part of a long-term study, reports on young women migrants from remote villages of North West China who have only recently joined the “floating population” in the urbanization transition. These young female migrants have often been described as multiply deprived. Our approach differs in that we view young migrant women as capable agents and explore what they are able to do and be under admittedly severe constraints and dilemmas. We found that labor migration provided them with resources that they converted to protections and opportunities associated with obtaining paid work, maintaining close-knit beneficial social networks, enacting religious norms and behaviors. Their enhanced instrumental and constitutive capabilities include financial independence, flourishing aspirations, personal agency, remove from patriarchal confines, and personal well-being. This study provides a window into an under-reported, yet substantial demographic transition that constitutes gendered social change enacted by rural young women caught up in the maelstrom of the Chinese urbanization boom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 289-307 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1430752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1430752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:289-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sintayehu Hailu Alemu Author-X-Name-First: Sintayehu Hailu Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu Author-Name: Luuk Van Kempen Author-X-Name-First: Luuk Author-X-Name-Last: Van Kempen Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben Title: Women Empowerment Through Self-Help Groups: The Bittersweet Fruits of Collective Apple Cultivation in Highland Ethiopia Abstract: This paper deals with the impact of self-help groups (SHGs) in apple production on empowering women in the Chencha district of Southern Ethiopia. Impact is traced on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among SHG members and nonmembers, using propensity score matching. Apart from the attitudinal changes among SHG and non-SHG women, we also scrutinize differences in male attitudes concerning the status of women. The results point towards positive and significant impacts of SHG participation on empowerment at the community level, which suggests that SHGs offer an effective space for women to share information and raise awareness about their rights. This could in turn be harnessed collectively to negotiate more “room to maneuver” in the community. At the same time, however, the data hint at negative effects from group participation at the household level. The attitudinal differences between treatment and control group indicate more conflictive relations between spouses, arguably due to an intensified fight to assert control over household resources. Hence, the evidence is consistent with a potential “backlash effect” from husbands. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 308-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1454407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1454407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:308-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicholas Philip Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Title: Applying the Capability Approach to Enhance the Conceptualization of Well-being in Environmental Assessment Abstract: The integration of social aspects in environmental assessment (EA) remains a contested and challenging issue. This paper outlines how and why ideas from the capability approach (CA) can be useful for the enhanced conceptualization and integration of social aspects in EA, particularly those relating to well-being. A schematic outlines how perceiving impacts on stakeholder capabilities, together with associated environmental impacts, improves conceptualization of the lived condition of affected people in environmental decision-making. This includes their values, needs and aspirations providing the opportunity to minimize harm, as well as enhance potential well-being benefits of a proposed plan, project or policy. Five South African case studies illustrate how a focus on capabilities can illuminate well-being imperatives. They explore the ranking of valued functional capabilities arranged by stakeholders involved in EAs. The aggregate ranking is analysed and compared with other capabilities lists. The findings are discussed in order to elaborate theoretical notions of capabilities and provides exemplars expounding how a focus on what people have good reason to value in their environment, their capabilities, provides an advantageous understanding of their well-being. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 365-397 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1469118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1469118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:365-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annie Austin Author-X-Name-First: Annie Author-X-Name-Last: Austin Title: Human Development in Times of Crisis: Renegotiating Social Justice Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 416-417 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:416-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Telleria Author-X-Name-First: Juan Author-X-Name-Last: Telleria Title: Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 419-420 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:419-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lachlan Summers Author-X-Name-First: Lachlan Author-X-Name-Last: Summers Title: Developing Minds: Psychology, Neoliberalism and Power Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 417-419 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:417-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamara Nair Author-X-Name-First: Tamara Author-X-Name-Last: Nair Title: Power, Capability and Cultural Subjects: An Inquiry into “Institutional Neglect” in Participatory Planning Abstract: Amartya Sen’s capability approach stresses the importance of social choice and moves away from utilitarian reasoning in development studies. Studies in the developing world have shown how reduced capabilities have compromised the effective participation of marginalized communities in participatory development. Extending Sen’s capability approach through Foucault’s ideas on power and subject creation, by further literature review, I explore the possibilities of examining the origins of institutional neglect of marginalized communities in Kerala, India. Concepts of normalization and homogenization through the workings of traditional sources of power are put forward as a basis for these communities’ disenfranchisement. From here, I argue that a reassessment of the state’s decentralized development by reviewing cultural contexts surrounding public participation and by adopting a multilevel approach to understanding complex power arrangements, thereby going beyond an economic framing of development, are ways of ensuring effective democratic decentralization. These steps are imperative if development objectives are to be met and sustained. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 331-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1484710 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1484710 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:331-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Defending the Need for a Foundational Epistemic Capability in Education Abstract: The paper takes up Sen’s concerns with education on the one hand and public reasoning on the other, and shows that his concerns require that formal education develop a capability that potentially fosters inclusive public reasoning in all students. Drawing on and extending Miranda Fricker’s work, and informed by a global South positionality and empirical research, the argument is made for an epistemic capability that includes attention to the cognitive and knowledge but also to a domain of sharing and giving values. How this capability can be fostered and how it can also be thwarted is discussed. Finally, a concern with how an adequate living standard underpins this epistemic capability and the goodness of an educational life that a student can lead is considered. Overall, the paper argues that education—and fostering an epistemic capability—can make a crucial contribution to inclusive reasoning and democratic participation in a (more) just society. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 218-232 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:218-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naila Kabeer Author-X-Name-First: Naila Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer Title: Randomized Control Trials and Qualitative Evaluations of a Multifaceted Programme for Women in Extreme Poverty: Empirical Findings and Methodological Reflections Abstract: This paper sets out to synthesize key lessons from studies using alternative methodologies to impact assessment. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach as a conceptual framework, it analyses two pairs of impact assessments which were carried out in West Bengal and Sindh around the same time and within close proximity to each other. Each pair consisted of a randomized control trial and a qualitative assessment of attempts to pilot BRAC’s approach to transferring assets to women in extreme poverty. The paper reports on the findings of these studies, their strategies for establishing their claims about causality and the information base they drew on to establish these claims. It finds that not only did the RCTs fail to meet their own criteria for establishing causality, but they also provided very limited explanation for the patterns of outcomes observed. Such information formed the substance of the qualitative studies. The paper concludes that greater use of mixed methods could help to offset some of limitations of RCTs and to place their findings on much firmer ground. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 197-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536696 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536696 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:197-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. M. Scanlon Author-X-Name-First: T. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Scanlon Title: Forms of Hypothetical Justification Abstract: A critical discussion of the appeal, in various contexts, of ideas of hypothetical agreement, with particular reference to Amartya Sen's criticism of John Rawls' Original Position argument, and to Sen's ideas of “membership entitlement” and “enlightenment relevance.” Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 127-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:127-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Preface: Amartya Sen and the HDCA Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 124-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1558922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1558922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:124-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: On “Affluent Philosophy” and Future Generations: Amartya Sen and Tim Mulgan’s “Broken World” Abstract: In Tim Mulgan’s imaginary “broken world” survivors of catastrophic climate change (or some other disaster) cannot invariably meet their basic needs. Mulgan provides lectures on the moral philosophy of an earlier “affluent age” in which Amartya Sen appears briefly as an “affluent thinker.” I argue that some of Sen’s work is highly relevant to the concerns of survivors in part because it focusses on conditions of extreme deprivation and survival. While Sen has written about sustainability and environmental concerns both at a foundational level as well as in his work on India, critics may argue that he has failed to engage adequately with these issues. I explore this line of criticism and make some points which are relevant to its evaluation including some which count in Sen’s defence. I also argue that Sen’s ideas influenced Derek Parfit’s seminal work, and are relevant to the subsequent philosophical literature, on future generations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1563053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1563053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:145-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. R. Osmani Author-X-Name-First: S. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Rationality, Behavioural Economics and Amartya Sen Abstract: Recent developments in behavioural economics have posed a serious challenge to the assumption of rational choice underlying economic models. In particular, a number of so-called ‘anomalies’ in actual behaviour have been identified that are claimed to conflict with the implications of rational behaviour. This paper critically examines a number of such anomalies and tries to assess how far they actually challenge the precepts of rational choice. This assessment is made in the light of Amartya Sen’s critique and refinement of rational choice theory. Using the lens of Sen’s analysis, the paper finds that (a) many of the anomalies do not pose any challenge at all to even the narrowest version of the rational choice model, (b) some do challenge the narrow versions but not the broader ones, and (c) a few genuinely call for extending rational choice foundations of economic theory more radically – especially, in ways that Sen has been advocating for a long time. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 162-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1565631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1565631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:162-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayati Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Jayati Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Title: The Uses and Abuses of Inequality Abstract: Social inequalities obviously affect human capabilities and are undesirable from a welfare standpoint. But they may actually be useful for particular growth trajectories, by creating segmented labour markets that reduce production costs. Some patterns of growth may rely on such inequalities and thereby accentuate and perpetuate them. In extreme cases, “modernising” capitalism, instead of destroying traditional forms of social oppression and discrimination, can strengthen pre-existing social inequalities. Two examples from India illustrate this: the significance of unpaid and underpaid care work that both relies upon and reinforces gender-based inequalities; and the persistence of dehumanising forms of work such as manual scavenging and unprotected sanitation work, that rely upon caste discrimination. To avoid the most regressive and oppressive socio-cultural tendencies of the past being strengthened by the operations of capitalism, policy interventions need to reiterate the core principles of ensuring human freedom and dignity in the economic sphere as well. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 181-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:181-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Kaldor Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Kaldor Title: The Resurgence of Singular Identities: Possible Explanations Abstract: This article is a reflection on Sen's book Identity and Violence and its relevance in explaining the rise of sectarian narratives world-wide. It makes three arguments. First what Sen calls “singular” or “unidimensional” identities, which tend to be binary or “either/or” identities, are not merely a determinant of violence, as Sen argues, but also an outcome of violence setting in motion a self-reinforcing logic. Second the rise of singular identities is associated with top-down authoritarian regimes who manipulate identity as a way of deflecting democratic pressures. Thirdly the contemporary rise of singular identities can be explained in terms of the spread of what is known as globalisation, including growing interconnectedness that broken down the congruence between the state and the economy, new forms of communication including social media that are more conducive to fragmentary horizontal identities than was the traditional media associated with print and television, and thirdly the increasing reliance on rent as a source of revenue for many states that weakens the social contract between state and citizen. The article concludes that these tendencies are not inevitable and it is possible to envisage the emergence of “both/and” identities that could underpin a lyering of global governance. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 134-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574291 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574291 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:134-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selim Jahan Author-X-Name-First: Selim Author-X-Name-Last: Jahan Title: Human Development and Universalism: From Ideas to Policies Abstract: Human development is about the freedom to realize the full potential of every human life, not just for a few, not for the most, but of all lives in every corner of the world—now and in the future. Human development is for everyone and that universalism is at the core of the human development concept and framework. The paper argues that universalism as a principle is one thing, translating it into practice is another. That is where practical universalism comes in, the first steps of which are identifying the groups, which have been left behind in the human development journey and analyzing the barriers to universalism. The paper emphasizes that mapping of those left out is necessary and so is the identification of barriers, but not enough. Some fundamental issues of the human development framework—both in terms of notions as well as measurements—need to be addressed to move towards universal human development. Furthermore, universal human development would also require policy actions at the national level and reforms of global institutions. The paper concludes with the fundamental point that ensuring human development for everyone would require reaching those first who are farthest behind. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 233-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574726 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:233-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaushik Basu Author-X-Name-First: Kaushik Author-X-Name-Last: Basu Author-Name: Ravi Kanbur Author-X-Name-First: Ravi Author-X-Name-Last: Kanbur Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Introduction to the Special Issue in Celebration of Amartya Sen's 85th Birthday Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 119-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1603593 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1603593 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:119-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Human Capabilities and Animal Lives: Conflict, Wonder, Law: A Symposium Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 317-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:317-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy Linch Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Linch Author-Name: Breena Holland Author-X-Name-First: Breena Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Title: Cultural Killing and Human–Animal Capability Conflict Abstract: The capabilities approach provides a promising basis for developing a theory of interspecies justice grounded in the inherent dignity of all sentient striving beings. As currently formulated, the approach provides guidance for identifying the entitlements of each being, but not for managing tradeoffs between the capabilities of humans and nonhumans. Through considering cultural practices that put human capabilities in conflict with the capabilities of animals, we propose and defend two criteria for evaluating practices that harm animals for human purposes. The adaptability criterion, derived from Nussbaum’s work on capabilities for humans, distinguishes practices that preserve the ability of people to exert ethical agency in a context of changing values and material circumstances. The regulatory criterion, derived from consideration of the interdependence of human and animal capabilities, distinguishes practices that foster the skills and habits people need to create an ecologically just social order. In applying these criteria to cases of human-animal capability conflict, we demonstrate their potential to resolve such conflicts in a way that redresses the effects of colonization and domination, while appreciating – but not romanticizing – the knowledge and ecological respect of people who once lived in less destructive relationships with other species. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 322-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342383 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342383 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:322-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy David Bendik-Keymer Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy David Author-X-Name-Last: Bendik-Keymer Title: The Reasonableness of Wonder Abstract: Nussbaum’s politics of wonder focuses on non-human animals. However, the sense of wonder within it also applies to human beings. Can wonder in Nussbaum’s sense be helpful when articulating justice between people on politically liberal grounds? I argue that it can because it helps us consider our specific form of striving, that is, human freedom, in comparison and contrast with other kinds of living striving. Thereby it keeps in view striving as such. To make my case, I show how wonder in Nussbaum’s sense is helpful for Rawls’s core legitimation scenes of democratic fairness, the original position, and public reasoning. Furthermore, wonder is not objectionable in these scenes, since it brings into view the considerability of life, such that life should not be used without a good enough reason, on the basis of which any socialized conception of how to live well ought to proceed. Thus an environmental sensibility has a useful place within mainstream liberal justice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 337-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:337-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Nussbaum Wichert Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Wichert Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Scientific Whaling? The Scientific Research Exception and the Future of the International Whaling Commission Abstract: Whales are complex creatures with diverse capacities for intelligence, playfulness, esthetic expression, and social learning. And yet they have not been granted legal “standing” as beings with rights to this species-specific form of life. For this reason, whales continue to be hunted and killed for both commercial and “scientific” purposes. This paper examines the whaling industry and its impact on whales’ species-specific form of life, and presents a theoretical framework for reconciling the conflicting claims of whales and human scientists. We pay particular attention to the International Whaling Commission’s 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the controversial “scientific” exception built into this moratorium, which allows the killing of whales for vaguely defined scientific purposes. We also focus on the 2014 International Court of Justice ruling that Japan’s program of scientific whaling in the Antarctic violated international law; Japan’s decision to continue a revised form of the program despite the ruling; and the resistance that this program has met from marine activists. Finally we argue that any theoretical framework that does justice to whale life must go beyond a utilitarian or rights-based approach, and instead must focus on the distinct capabilities of whales as they live their lives unencumbered by human killing. This approach enables us to protect spheres of choice and characteristic life-activities for whales, while also articulating what a contemporary scientific inquiry into whale life should and should not include. With this framework developed, we present policy recommendations for the International Whaling Commission, anti-whaling activists, and individual nations interested in protecting the rights of whales. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 356-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:356-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Marmot Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Marmot Title: Capabilities, Human Flourishing and the Health Gap Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 370-383 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:370-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom Author-X-Name-First: Merridy Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom Title: Disrupting Structural Inequalities of Higher Education Opportunity: “Grit”, Resilience and Capabilities at a South African University Abstract: Given the extent of inequalities of higher education opportunities in many contexts, this paper investigates how students from marginalized backgrounds make it to university, gaining access “against the odds”. While it is becoming increasingly common to draw on notions of individualized responsibility, such as the construct of “grit”, to explain persistence in challenging situations, this paper argues that individualized understandings are insufficient to take account of the interaction between individual agency and social contexts from which the capability for educational resilience emerges. The argument is theoretically grounded in the capabilities approach, and empirically on narrative interviews with South African first year students from marginalized backgrounds. The paper identifies three internal capabilities that underpin resilient responses of students, and shows how these internal capabilities are influenced, positively and negatively, by conversion factors at the levels of family, school and community. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 384-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:384-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amarakoon Bandara Author-X-Name-First: Amarakoon Author-X-Name-Last: Bandara Author-Name: Rajeev Dehejia Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev Author-X-Name-Last: Dehejia Author-Name: Shaheen Lavie-Rouse Author-X-Name-First: Shaheen Author-X-Name-Last: Lavie-Rouse Title: Access to Household Resources and Human Development: Evidence from Survey Data for Tanzania Abstract: We use five rounds of two large-scale surveys conducted in Tanzania to explore the two-way relationship between household resources and human development. Several indicators for household resources have been used in the exercise. We find systematic evidence of a relationship in both directions, with household resources enhancing human development and human development feeding into increased resources. While the overall results do indicate a positive relationship between household resources and human development, the magnitude of the effects of key indicators such as income per capita and expenditure per capita on human development outcomes is sobering. However, we see larger effects of household resource variables such as durable assets and wealth on human development outcomes. While household resources is likely to be a primary driver of progress in human development indicators in Tanzania, results seem to suggest its limitations and potential in future human development gains. We also find strong positive effects of human development aspects such as literacy, schooling and food security on household resources. Household resources at the regional level tend to drive human development in females, in terms of access to health care, more than males. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 399-423 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:399-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Schoonover Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Schoonover Title: Anger and Forgiveness: Resentment, Generosity, Justice Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 424-425 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:424-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caterina Arciprete Author-X-Name-First: Caterina Author-X-Name-Last: Arciprete Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Title: A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 425-427 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:425-427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi Title: The Regional Roots of Russia’s Political Regime Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 427-428 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:427-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: What, if Anything, is Wrong with Extreme Wealth? Abstract: This paper proposes a view, called limitarianism, which suggests that there should be upper limits to the amount of income and wealth a person can hold. One argument for limitarianism is that superriches can undermine political equality. The other reason is that it would be better if the surplus money that superrich households have were to be used to meet unmet urgent needs and local and global collective action problems. A particular urgent case of the latter is climate change. The paper discusses one objection to limitarianism, and draws some conclusions for society, as well as for the human development paradigm and the capability approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 251-266 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1633734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1633734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:251-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Avner de Shalit Author-X-Name-First: Avner Author-X-Name-Last: de Shalit Title: The Functioning of Having a Sense of Place: Cities and Immigrants Abstract: When immigrants arrive to their city of destination, both the immigrants and the veterans are at a risk of losing their sense of place, which is an important functioning. Can this functioning be secured in the context of immigration? I argue that it can, as indeed Amsterdam and Thessaloniki, the two cities studied here, do rather successfully. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 267-279 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1612547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1612547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:267-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Levy Author-X-Name-First: Santiago Author-X-Name-Last: Levy Title: Social Insurance, Human Development and Social Cohesion Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 280-296 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1612548 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1612548 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:280-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niall Ó Murchú Author-X-Name-First: Niall Author-X-Name-Last: Ó Murchú Title: Education and Agency Freedom in Du Bois and Sen Abstract: Education and Agency Freedom in Du Bois and Sen What is the role of education in human development? WEB Du Bois and Amartya Sen confront this classic question in The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Development as Freedom (1999) and each rejects the narrow common sense of his times. Sen provides a multidimensional understanding of education as having (1) direct relevance in enhancing individual freedom; (2) indirect political relevance in enhancing individual citizenship and collective democracy; and (3) indirect economic relevance in increasing opportunities and economic growth. Du Bois holds that liberal and basic education will enhance individual and group agency for exercising citizenship and securing opportunity. He anticipates Amartya Sen’s “agency-oriented” capability approach, where one’s well-being functionings depend on the agency freedom to exercise reasoned choices. Du Bois’s analysis of the Black freedom struggle against Jim Crow highlights the necessity of education for agency freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 297-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1635093 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1635093 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:297-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dulce Carolina Mendoza Cazarez Author-X-Name-First: Dulce Carolina Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza Cazarez Title: Factors Affecting School Dropout and Completion in Mexico: Does Agency Matter? Abstract: This paper examines which factors influence the opportunities of completing upper-secondary education in Mexico, rather than dropping out of it. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach and Bourdieu’s sociocultural-reproduction perspective, two research hypotheses are formulated to provide possible explanations of persons’ decisions to reach higher levels of schooling. These hypotheses are tested using data from Mexico’s First Survey of School Dropouts, carried out in 2011. The results of this study indicate that the probabilities of completing upper-secondary education are associated with several factors: socioeconomic and demographic variables, the type of upper-secondary institution attended, human agency and educational experiences. The evidence presented in this study supports research hypotheses based on Sen’s and Bourdieu’s approaches. Regarding the hypothesis from the capability approach, the study data show that human agency is not only intrinsically valuable but also instrumentally important, for reaching higher educational levels. The findings of this study also bear out Bourdieu’s argument that cultural and economic capital contribute to explain why students make progress in school, although, this paper challenges Bourdieu’s view of the role of freedom of educational choice. Finally, some implications for educational policies are discussed in the last section of this paper. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 311-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1609917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1609917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:311-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Ellorenco Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Ellorenco Author-Name: Mendiola Teng-Calleja Author-X-Name-First: Mendiola Author-X-Name-Last: Teng-Calleja Author-Name: Donald Jay Bertulfo Author-X-Name-First: Donald Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Bertulfo Author-Name: Jose Antonio Clemente Author-X-Name-First: Jose Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Clemente Author-Name: Ma. Ligaya Menguito Author-X-Name-First: Ma. Ligaya Author-X-Name-Last: Menguito Title: Work-Nonwork Spillover of Wage Justice through Work Capabilities in Low and Middle Income Workers Abstract: Wage justice literature asserts that it is the perceived fairness of pay (based on comparison others) instead of actual pay that matters most to an employee. This study therefore investigates the spillover effect of wage justice on life capabilities in the Philippines. It is hypothesized that wage justice will influence life capability through work capabilities such as job empowerment, job satisfaction, and occupational pride. Using data from the Institute of Philippine Culture study on living wages of 500 individuals, a structural equation model was estimated to test the spillover effect. Findings confirms the hypothesis that wage justice influences life capabilities (life satisfaction and physical well-being) through work capabilities. Implications for research on wage justice and capabilities as well as to people management practices in work organizations are discussed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 329-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:329-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert Title: Keeping the Flock Together Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 347-350 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:347-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pepi Patrón Author-X-Name-First: Pepi Author-X-Name-Last: Patrón Title: On Ingrid Robeyns’, Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice—Framework vs Theories: a Dialogue with Martha Nussbaum Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 351-356 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:351-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Henry S. Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Well-being and the Capability Approach: Reflections on Robeyns Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 357-361 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:357-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Culp Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Culp Title: Two Tales of the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 362-367 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:362-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Reply to my Critics Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 368-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1640976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1640976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:368-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Author-Name: Christopher Houghton Budd Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Houghton Budd Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Title: Social Innovation and the Capability Approach—Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 141-147 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1316002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1316002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:141-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi Author-Name: Daniel Edmiston Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Edmiston Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Title: Tackling Marginalisation through Social Innovation? Examining the EU Social Innovation Policy Agenda from a Capabilities Perspective Abstract: This paper demonstrates that the capabilities approach offers a number of conceptual and evaluative benefits for understanding social innovation and—in particular, its capacity to tackle marginalisation. Focusing on the substantive freedoms and achieved functionings of individuals introduces a multidimensional, plural appreciation of disadvantage, but also of the strategies to overcome it. In light of this, and the institutional embeddedness of marginalisation, effective social innovation capable of tackling marginalisation depends on (a) the participation of marginalised individuals in (b) a process that addresses the social structuration of their disadvantage. In spite of the high-level ideals endorsed by the European Union (EU), social innovation tends to be supported through EU policy instruments as a means towards the maintenance of prevailing institutions, networks and cognitive ends. This belies the transformative potential of social innovation emphasised in EU policy documentation and neglects the social structuration processes from which social needs and societal challenges arise. One strategy of displacing institutional dominance is to incorporate groups marginalised from multiple institutional and cognitive centres into the policy design and implementation process. This incorporates multiple value sets into the policy-making process to promote social innovation that is grounded in the doings and beings that all individuals have reason to value. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 148-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1256277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1256277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:148-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jürgen Howaldt Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Howaldt Author-Name: Michael Schwarz Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Schwarz Title: Social Innovation and Human Development—How the Capabilities Approach and Social Innovation Theory Mutually Support Each Other Abstract: In light of the growing importance of social innovations in addressing the big social challenges, this article examines the need to develop a concept of social innovation as an analytical category. As such, social innovation is grounded in social theory, which looks at its various manifestations, actors and cultural contexts as well as its interrelationship with processes of social change. With recourse to social practice theories and the social theory of Gabriel Tarde, social innovations are analyzed as an intentional new figuration of social practices and as a generative mechanism of social change. Based on the outlined social-theoretical foundation of social innovations, the various interactions between social practices, social innovations and concepts of human development are discussed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 163-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:163-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meera Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Meera Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Title: Exploring the Role of the Capability Approach in Social Innovation Abstract: The emergence of the co-operative movement in the nineteenth century with Robert Owen’s work in particular promoted innovation in the social field. In more recent times, the application of the concept has been in a wide range of sectors from civil society, government and the corporate world. The paper uses the Capability Approach (CA) to understand the human dimensions of social innovation (SI). In doing so, the paper draws attention to the complementarities between the CA and SI. Four case studies from different domains are deployed to further the understanding of the SI using a CA lens. The findings offer a new insight into SI in terms of the CA that maybe relevant in a wide range of domains. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 181-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1271312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1271312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:181-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Solava Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Title: How to Build Collective Capabilities: The 3C-Model for Grassroots-Led Development Abstract: Capabilities need to be built from the bottom-up. Social innovations at the grassroots seek to present new solutions to existing social problems. However, since the poor suffer from limitations on their individual capabilities and agency, they engage in acts of collective agency to generate new collective capabilities that each individual alone would not be able to achieve. The question is: how can these acts of collective agency be initiated, supported and sustained in practice? What roles can development actors (such as the state, donors and NGOs) play in supporting these acts of collective agency? Drawing on the literature on social innovation, the capability approach, participation and empowerment, the paper argues that three crucial C-processes are integral conditions for promoting successful, scalable and sustainable social innovations at the grassroots, namely: (1) Conscientization; (2) Conciliation and (3) Collaboration. By linking the individual, collective and institutional levels of analysis, the paper demonstrates the importance of individual behavioural changes, collective agency and local institutional reforms for the success, sustainability and scalability of social innovations at the grassroots. The paper acknowledges conflict, capture and cooptation as potential limitations and recognizes the role of contextual factors in initiating, implementing and sustaining social innovations at the grassroots. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 197-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270918 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270918 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:197-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joel R. Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Joel R. Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Title: Understanding Indigenous Innovation in Rural West Africa: Challenges to Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Current Social Innovation Practice Abstract: Most social innovation (SI) work done in developing countries is carried out through development agencies that focus on initiating innovations and processes, and establishing institutions that cultivate a change-oriented mindset. I offer a general critique of that approach and I link that critique with my observations from 15 years living and working among rural indigenous people in West Africa. I suggest that, not only do much of the SI processes fail to show respect for the creativity and intelligence of indigenous people, they tend to come packaged with exogenous participatory processes, encourage scaling-up, and ignore innovation that is already occurring. These arguments set the stage for an examination of a system of innovation that I discovered operating in a Hausa village in Niger. This system not only challenges the most important theory explaining the adoption and spread of ideas, the diffusion of innovations, it also demonstrates how indigenous people in one of the poorest countries on earth are innovating without intervention or support from development agencies. I complete the paper by suggesting that in some cases more sensible SI can be facilitated by discovering and supporting indigenous processes of innovation rather than by focusing on initiating change. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 223-238 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:223-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Almas Fortunatus Mazigo Author-X-Name-First: Almas Fortunatus Author-X-Name-Last: Mazigo Title: Promoting Social Innovation Through Action Research: Evidence from an Empirical Study in the Fisheries Sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania Abstract: This paper highlights the important role of action research in triggering and promoting social innovation processes in communities. By conceptualising social innovation as a process involving the development and delivery of new ideas for improving human capabilities and social relations, we argue that well-designed and well-executed action research can provide participants with opportunities to reflect on and develop shared understandings of individual and societal challenges and their possible solutions. Well-designed and well-executed action research also can provide participants with opportunities to critique and test proposed novel ideas, strategies, services and products, thereby determining their effectiveness or ineffectiveness in facilitating the realisation of envisioned social, economic and political goals. Drawing on evidence from empirical research undertaken in the fisheries sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania, where small-scale fishers cogently argued for and positioned themselves as “constrained wealth creators” instead of poor actors, we illustrate how the provision of adequate spaces for dialogue enables the unveiling of innovative ideas and solutions to individual, sectoral and societal challenges. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 239-257 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1256276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1256276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:239-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victoria Pellicer-Sifres Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Pellicer-Sifres Author-Name: Sergio Belda-Miquel Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Belda-Miquel Author-Name: Aurora López-Fogués Author-X-Name-First: Aurora Author-X-Name-Last: López-Fogués Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Aristizábal Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Aristizábal Title: Grassroots Social Innovation for Human Development: An Analysis of Alternative Food Networks in the City of Valencia (Spain) Abstract: This paper explores the contribution the capability approach (CA) and grassroots innovation (GI) literature makes to a better understanding of the complexity, richness and specificity of bottom-up processes of social innovation (SI), and their specific contribution to social transformation. Using a purely qualitative methodology, the paper addresses a case study—organic food buying groups in the city of Valencia—and examines them through the lenses of SI, GI and CA. By taking four concurrent dimensions of the SI literature (agents, purposes, drivers and processes) and cross-fertilising them with the bottom-up, people-driven character of GI, and the concepts of agency, capabilities, deliberative democracy and conversion factors from the CA, the paper creates a novel framework that we call Grassroots Social Innovation for Human Development. The analysis shows the potentiality of this novel framework to illustrate the elements that a bottom-up SI process should include in order to contribute to human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 258-274 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270916 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:258-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sundeep Sahay Author-X-Name-First: Sundeep Author-X-Name-Last: Sahay Author-Name: Geoff Walsham Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: Walsham Title: Information Technology, Innovation and Human Development: Hospital Information Systems in an Indian State Abstract: This paper addresses the topic of how innovation based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to human development. A theoretical framework is developed in two stages. Firstly, ICT-based innovation is conceptualized as involving technological, social and institutional innovations. Secondly, Sen’s capability approach is drawn on to theorize how such innovations can contribute to human development. The theoretical framework is used as a basis to explore a rich case study of the development and use of a hospital information system within the public sector of the State of Himachal Pradesh in India. The paper analyses both the potential that the system has to promote positive development outcomes in the State, but also the challenges which constrain that impact. Three human development themes are identified and discussed: strengthening processes to include the disadvantaged; empowering the patient and making communal voices count. Finally, it is argued that the theoretical approach in the paper may have applicability in other contexts where ICT-based innovations are aiming to support human development outcomes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 275-292 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270913 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270913 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:275-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Author-Name: György Molnár Author-X-Name-First: György Author-X-Name-Last: Molnár Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi Title: Creating (Economic) Space for Social Innovation Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 293-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1301897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1301897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:293-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Enrico Testi Author-X-Name-First: Enrico Author-X-Name-Last: Testi Author-Name: Marco Bellucci Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Bellucci Title: Enabling Ecosystems for Social Enterprises and Social Innovation: A Capability Approach Perspective Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 299-306 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1306690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1306690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:299-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dmitri Domanski Author-X-Name-First: Dmitri Author-X-Name-Last: Domanski Author-Name: Jürgen Howaldt Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Howaldt Author-Name: Antonius Schröder Author-X-Name-First: Antonius Author-X-Name-Last: Schröder Title: Social Innovation in Latin America Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 307-312 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1299698 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1299698 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:307-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inga T. Winkler Author-X-Name-First: Inga T. Author-X-Name-Last: Winkler Title: Food Security in South Africa: Human Rights and Entitlement Perspectives Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 313-314 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1294751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1294751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:313-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Séverine Deneulin Author-X-Name-First: Séverine Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin Title: The Good Life: Aspiration, Dignity, and the Anthropology of Wellbeing Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 314-316 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1294750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1294750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:314-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annie Austin Author-X-Name-First: Annie Author-X-Name-Last: Austin Title: Turning Capabilities into Functionings: Practical Reason as an Activation Factor Abstract: Practical reasoning is central to the capabilities approach. This paper sets out a new account of the role of practical reasoning in capability. Practical reasoning involves the development and evolution of an individual’s conception of the good—the kind of life she values and has reason to value. It is developed through socialization, and is subject to background social conditioning that may be empowering or constraining. As such, practical reasoning can be a subjective constraint on capability. This paper introduces a distinction between a person’s objective capability set and her effective capability set. Objective capabilities are determined by a configuration of commodities and conversion factors at the individual, social and environmental levels. Practical reasoning guides the act of choice that determines which element of the objective capability set will be actualized; effective capabilities are the real opportunities available to a person, given the filtering effects of her mode of practical reasoning. Practical reason can be conceptualized as an “Activation Factor” that mediates between hypothetical capability and achieved functioning. The paper concludes that practical reasoning deserves particular attention in social evaluations in the capability space: acknowledging the role of practical reasoning can help to illuminate gaps between freedom in principle and real positive freedom. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 24-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1364225 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1364225 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:24-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Political Agency and Capabilities Formation Through Participatory Action Research Abstract: This paper draws on a participatory action research (PAR) project as a potential space for undergraduate students at one South African university to develop as political agents. Participation and reasoning, grounded in reciprocal relationships, which are fundamental in a PAR project are introduced. The contributions of the capability approach and the case for the significance of relational capabilities of voice and participation as both objectively and ethically good is proposed, before turning to Arendt as a partner to capabilities in her conceptualization of speech and action as constituting the public sphere through participation. The claim is made that a PAR project might establish such a public space thereby enabling political agents to “appear”; this is especially important in connecting PAR to democratic actions. The paper turns to the operationalization of these ideas by considering empirical data from a gender equity PAR project at a South African university. The evidence suggests the possibility for the formation of student researchers as political agents and identifies the relational and relationship-embedded political subjectivity capabilities that matter for personal and collective development and change. In conclusion, the paper argues that a PAR project can be capabilities-promoting, advancing freedoms so that subjects can come into being in a common project, even if that project is temporary. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 53-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1392934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1392934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:53-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tania Burchardt Author-X-Name-First: Tania Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt Author-Name: Rod Hick Author-X-Name-First: Rod Author-X-Name-Last: Hick Title: Inequality, Advantage and the Capability Approach Abstract: Inequality has acquired a newfound prominence in the academic and political debate. While scholars working with the capability approach (CA) have succeeded in influencing the conceptualisation and measurement of poverty, which is increasingly understood in multidimensional terms, recent scholarship on inequality focusses overwhelmingly on economic forms of inequality, and especially on inequalities in income and wealth. In this paper, we outline how the conceptual framework of the CA (focussing on ends rather than means, multidimensionality, and recognising the value of freedoms as well as attained functionings) has the potential to enrich the study of distributional inequality through offering a rationale for why inequality matters, exploring the association between different forms of inequality, and providing an analysis of power. But applying the CA in the context of advantage exacerbates some existing challenges to the approach (defining a capability list, and the non-observability of capabilities) and brings some fresh ones (especially insensitivity at the top of the distribution). We recommend a stronger and clearer distinction between concepts and measures. Capability inequality is a more appropriate and potentially revealing conceptual apparatus, but economic resources are likely to remain a crucial metric for understanding distributional inequality for the foreseeable future. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 38-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:38-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Weidel Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Weidel Title: Moving Towards a Capability for Meaningful Labor Abstract: Martha Nussbaum argues that the capability approach to human development is grounded in an intuitive conception of what a life worthy of human dignity entails. This image is coupled with a conception of truly human functionings as a measure for development. It is not enough to establish what goods people require, but rather to consider what they can actually do or become with those goods. Nussbaum acknowledges that the philosophical grounding for her list of central human capabilities is influenced by Aristotle through the early Marx. Despite admitting this influence, I argue that Nussbaum's incorporation omits a central facet of Marx's image of truly dignified humans: the importance of meaningful labor. This omission seriously undercuts the possibility of the capabilities approach providing persons with a life worthy of human dignity. In this paper, I develop and defend an argument for including a capability for meaningful labor in Nussbaum's list of central human capabilities. After an explication of Marx's understanding of a fully human life, I will discuss the limits of Nussbaum's capabilities list with respect to the topic of meaningful labor. I also consider how Nussbaum's discussion of a capability to hold property elucidates both the necessity and feasibility of a capability for meaningful labor. Lastly, I consider some potential political implications of this proposed capability. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 70-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1408575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1408575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:70-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breena Holland Author-X-Name-First: Breena Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Title: Working With and For Animals—A Response to Nussbaum Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 19-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1418960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1418960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:19-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Working with and for Animals: Getting the Theoretical Framework Right Abstract: Two common approaches to the ethics of animal welfare are profoundly defective. One, an anthropocentric approach that orders forms of life by their likeness to human life, fails to grasp the variety and complexity of animal lives. A second, the Utilitarian approach, does better by seeing that pain is ubiquitously bad, but it does not articulate the diverse ways in which animal lives can be thwarted. I argue that a version of the Capabilities approach does much better, directing law and policy well. I develop this approach and confront it with a number of difficult questions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 2-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1418963 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1418963 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:2-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Clark Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Gay Meeks Author-X-Name-First: Gay Author-X-Name-Last: Meeks Title: The Canniness of Ought Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 103-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:103-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dalila De Rosa Author-X-Name-First: Dalila Author-X-Name-Last: De Rosa Title: The Civil Side of Economy: On the Extraordinariness of Ordinary Human Beings Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 112-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:112-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lori Keleher Author-X-Name-First: Lori Author-X-Name-Last: Keleher Title: The Demanding Task of Limiting Demandingness Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 91-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:91-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Gutwald Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Gutwald Title: Why People Do What Others Do: And Why That Is Sometimes Good and Sometimes Bad Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 97-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:97-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Title: Message from the Editor Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-1 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422680 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:1-1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judith Lichtenberg Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Lichtenberg Title: Reply Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 118-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1426405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1426405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:118-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angelina Fisher Author-X-Name-First: Angelina Author-X-Name-Last: Fisher Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Title: Introduction—Data, Knowledge, Politics and Localizing the SDGs Abstract: This special issue explores the workings of global goals as an instrument of global governance by numbers. These goals can alter power relations, affect the distribution of resources, reorganize national and local priorities, create perverse incentives for performance, and produce narratives that shape thinking and communication. As the articles in the 2014 JHDC special issue showed, the MDGs had complex, often distorting, consequences which were often in tension with the (intangible and difficult to quantify) principles of equity, human agency and participation as the cornerstone of development. This issue focuses on SDGs and includes five case studies of this localization process in aid programming in the Valencia, national reporting by Sweden, farming collectives in South Africa, indigenous communities in Australia and New Zealand, and infrastructure development in Ecuador and Pakistan. A sixth paper examines the role of metrics in including Neglected Tropical Diseases in the SDGs. These papers are diverse in the research questions they ask but engage with the common themes of global goals as a tool of global governance and their disruptive effects on power structures. Using the framework of data infrastructure—means of collection and analysis, social structures amongst actors, knowledge systems—this introduction highlights the insights that emerge. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 375-385 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1669144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1669144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:375-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Belda-Miquel Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Belda-Miquel Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Carola Calabuig Author-X-Name-First: Carola Author-X-Name-Last: Calabuig Title: SDG Localisation and Decentralised Development Aid: Exploring Opposing Discourses and Practices in Valencia's Aid Sector Abstract: The approval of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has generated intense debates in the aid sector at the global, national and subnational levels. A key question is whether they can address structural problems in development aid policies and practices, such as the lack of accountability and coherence, unequal power relations, or depoliticisation. It seems that this will depend on how the agenda is adopted in the various territories as well as on the different interests at play.We address this question by studying the case of the Valencian Autonomous region. This is the territory in Spain where institutions have been the most active in establishing the SDGs at the core of the political discourses.We follow a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews with key respondents from the public, civil society and university sectors, participant observation, and the analysis of secondary information. Inspired by critical discourse analysis, we explore the varying and conflicting discourses regarding the potential of SDGs to address the problems of aid, and on the impacts that its adoption are producing. We illustrate that the introduction of SDGs in aid policies is a conflictive process modelled by the power dynamics. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 386-402 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1624512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1624512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:386-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Bexell Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Bexell Author-Name: Kristina Jönsson Author-X-Name-First: Kristina Author-X-Name-Last: Jönsson Title: Country Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals—The Politics of Performance Review at the Global-National Nexus Abstract: With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), debates on governance through goal-setting and performance review have gained momentum. In this article, we explore how the politics of performance review played out in public sustainable development reporting at the global-national nexus. By examining the case of Swedish reporting to the United Nations High Level Political Forum in 2017, we find policy translation, accountability preparation and identity formation to be key functions of SDG reporting. We draw attention to the performative and political features of these functions in the sustainable development realm. With a fast approaching deadline, policy translation of global indicators to the national context glossed over politically contentious issues. Reporting served to enable peer review among governments rather than hierarchical accountability of domestic politics. Moreover, the identity formation function of SDG reporting was strong on the international stage while domestically it was challenged by broader political struggles. In conclusion, our study bears witness of the formative power of public reporting for SDG governance. We call for comparative research to allow for further theory-building on the politics of public reporting on sustainable development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 403-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1544544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1544544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:403-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samantha Vanderslott Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Author-X-Name-Last: Vanderslott Title: Moving From Outsider to Insider Status Through Metrics: The Inclusion of “Neglected Tropical Diseases” Into the Sustainable Development Goals Abstract: “Neglected Tropical Diseases” (NTDs) are lesser-known diseases, existing in the poorest communities in the shadow of the high-profile and well-funded “Big Three” (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria). Blame for neglect is pointed towards protagonists, which include pharmaceutical companies, for not investing in diseases of poverty and donor governments and NGOs, for directing attention to high mortality diseases. Yet, other sites of neglect tend to be ignored, such as global governance priorities. Exclusion of NTDs from the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in 2000 started the ball rolling for an advocacy campaign to raise these diseases higher up the global health agenda. The MDG omission was used as a frame by advocates to highlight neglect and led to inclusion in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs, set out in 2015, now include NTDs alongside HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases in a goal to end epidemics by 2030. However, reframing based on a concept of neglect was not sufficient to ensure a place at the top of global health priorities. The NTD problem also needed to be made measurable, with metrics set in evidence-based logic, to provide a rationale for intervention and track progress towards quantifiable success. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 418-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:418-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Astrid Pérez Piñán Author-X-Name-First: Astrid Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Piñán Author-Name: Elizabeth Vibert Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Vibert Title: The View from the Farm: Gendered Contradictions of the Measurement Imperative in Global Goals Abstract: How do global development goals translate into local action? How do such goals support or undermine already existing efforts, at the local level, to build robust and sustainable communities? In this article we examine the experience of a women’s cooperative vegetable farm in rural South Africa, considering the on-the-ground consequences of high-level planning for development and, in particular, the measurement and accountability demands associated with such initiatives. We focus on the broad aims of Sustainable Development Goals 2 (to end hunger) and 5 (to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment). We explore farmers’ responses to external demands for measurement and accountability, some of which they are not well equipped to meet and others of which collide with their own priorities to support their households and wider community. We find a major problem of translation between global goals and the needs of people on the ground: far from resulting in material support for small-scale farmers, the daily burdens of the ‘audit society’ directly impede aims like ending hunger and achieving gender equality. The first section of the paper briefly canvasses recent efforts at global goal setting, considering the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and SDGs in turn. The longer second section offers the case study of the women’s farm, examining how the measurement demands related to global goals impact locally generated priorities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 436-450 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1659237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1659237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:436-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mandy Li-Ming Yap Author-X-Name-First: Mandy Li-Ming Author-X-Name-Last: Yap Author-Name: Krushil Watene Author-X-Name-First: Krushil Author-X-Name-Last: Watene Title: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indigenous Peoples: Another Missed Opportunity? Abstract: Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towards quantitative measurement. Indigenous peoples have not been immune to the representation and monitoring of their lives using indicators. Across many of these standard metrics, they consistently underperform. As a result, resources globally and nationally are often targeted at improving these metrics of indigenous populations. Indigenous peoples have not been silent on this matter. In challenging these universal frameworks, they mobilised a self-determination movement which is centred on their worldviews and priorities. The endorsement and ratification of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) have further created a space and impetus to ask how the UNDRIP can be implemented to support indigenous groups around the world to drive their own development agenda. Using a framework informed by UNDRIP and Indigenous knowledge this paper has two aims: 1) to explore if and how the SDGs have reframed policy relating to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand and 2) to explore how indigenous communities are developing their own indicators to inform their development needs and in the process mitigate the negative governance effects of national goal and target setting. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 451-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:451-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johannes M. Waldmüller Author-X-Name-First: Johannes M. Author-X-Name-Last: Waldmüller Author-Name: Hameed Jamali Author-X-Name-First: Hameed Author-X-Name-Last: Jamali Author-Name: Nelson Nogales Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Author-X-Name-Last: Nogales Title: Operationalizing Sustainable Development Goals in Vulnerable Coastal Areas of Ecuador and Pakistan: Marginalizing Human Development? Abstract: Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in socially and ecologically vulnerable coastal areas of Ecuador and Pakistan, we focus on Chinese-funded investment projects to analyze how SDGs are susceptible to be instrumentalized in the context of exploitative economic dependencies, as well as national development agendas. In our case studies, forced displacement of vulnerable inhabitants during the post-earthquake recovery in coastal Ecuador and displacement of small-scale fishers in coastal Pakistan are justified by SDG implementation. We identify a techno-managerial approach to SDGs in order to discuss its effects in terms of endangering ecosystems and human freedoms, increased social vulnerability and dependence on wage labour. Despite contextual differences, both case studies reveal a similar pattern of intervention under the pretext of SDGs where human freedoms and capabilities are severely undermined by large-scale projects of territorial and social securitization. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 468-485 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1666810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1666810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:468-485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. B. Schoonover Author-X-Name-First: S. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Schoonover Title: John Rawls: Reticent Socialist Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 486-488 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:486-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Niaz Asadullah Author-X-Name-First: M. Niaz Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah Author-Name: Antonio Savoia Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Savoia Title: How China Escaped the Poverty Trap Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 488-490 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:488-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Simantini Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay Title: Health and Well-Being in India: A Quantitative Analysis of Inequality in Outcomes and Opportunities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 490-491 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:490-491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ravi Kanbur Author-X-Name-First: Ravi Author-X-Name-Last: Kanbur Title: Citizenship, Migration and Opportunity Abstract: The basic global distributional facts of inequality within and between countries are structuring a range of debates on policy issues which have analytical import. This paper raises three such questions: (1) Should Middle Income Countries like India continue to receive concessional development assistance from agencies like the World Bank? (2) Should the borders of richer countries be more open than they currently are to economic migration from poorer countries? (3) How does the equality of opportunity discourse within a country translate to equality of opportunity in a global perspective? But these questions appear not to have been as thoroughly investigated in the capability framework as their urgency and importance demands. They are worthy of deep and sustained investigation by the Human Development and Capability Association’s members, and beyond. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 429-441 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1349088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1349088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:429-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marisa von Fintel Author-X-Name-First: Marisa Author-X-Name-Last: von Fintel Title: Income Dynamics, Assets and Poverty Traps in South Africa Abstract: This paper examines income dynamics and the existence of poverty traps in South Africa between 2010 and 2012 using panel data from the first three waves of the National Income Dynamics Study. In order to separate structural trends in income from stochastic shocks and measurement error, the paper makes use of an asset-based approach to estimate the shape of structural income dynamics in order to test for the existence of one or more dynamic equilibrium points. Contrary to earlier findings on South African data from 1993 and 1998, the results do not provide evidence for the existence of an asset-based poverty trap. Instead, the results seem to indicate the existence of a low-level equilibrium beyond which structural income remains very persistent. The robustness of the results is confirmed by making use of control functions in order to correct for any measurement error which may exist in the data on assets. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 442-463 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1392491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1392491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:442-463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo Author-X-Name-Last: Canavire-Bacarreza Author-Name: Fernando Rios-Avila Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Author-X-Name-Last: Rios-Avila Title: On the Determinants of Changes in Wage Inequality in Urban Bolivia Abstract: In recent years, Bolivia has experienced a series of economic and political transformations that have directly affected the labor markets, particularly the salaried urban sector. Real wages have shown strong increases across the distribution, while also presenting a decrease in inequality. Using an intertemporal decomposition approach, we find evidence that changes in demographic and labor market characteristics can explain only a small portion of the observed inequality decline. Instead, the results indicate that the decline in wage inequality was driven by the faster wage growth of usually low-paid jobs, and wage stagnation of jobs that require higher education or are in traditionally highly paid fields. While the evidence shows that the reduction in inequality is significant, we suggest that such an improvement might not be sustainable in the long run, since structural factors associated with productivity, such as workers’ level of education, explain only a small portion of these wage changes. This suggests that enhanced redistributive policies accompanied by long-term structural policies aimed to increase productivity and educational level should be implemented in order to maintain the trends. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 464-496 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1353350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1353350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:464-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shanelle van der Berg Author-X-Name-First: Shanelle Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg Title: A Capabilities Approach to the Adjudication of the Right to a Basic Education in South Africa Abstract: This article explores the contours of what a capabilities approach to the adjudication of the right to a basic education in South Africa entails. The right to a basic education fulfils an important role within South Africa’s project of transformative constitutionalism, which aims to transform society through processes grounded in law. In turn, transformative constitutionalism’s focus on the fundamental constitutional values of freedom, dignity and equality—and its recognition of the relevance of context—resonates with the values underlying the capabilities approach. Certain principles common to transformative constitutionalism and the capabilities approach, namely participation through informational broadening and substantive reasoning through explicitness, should be observed by reviewing courts at all stages of the adjudicative process. Thereafter, the first step of a capabilities approach to adjudication is for courts to interpret the content of the right with reference to the capabilities and functioning outcomes it represents in concrete contexts. Next, a capabilities-based standard of review should be applied to impugned government laws, policy or conduct. Finally, a capabilities approach to remedies should be adopted. This article concludes by evaluating selected education-related judgments by South African courts against the requirements posited by a capabilities approach to adjudication. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 497-516 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1355895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1355895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:497-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Svenja Flechtner Author-X-Name-First: Svenja Author-X-Name-Last: Flechtner Title: Should Aspirations be a Matter of Policy Concern? Abstract: The literature dealing with aspiration traps indicates that a life of poverty, deprivation or exclusion may hinder people’s development of goals and aspirations that would best serve their interests. Many authors seem to suggest that governments, schools, development agencies or NGOs should develop policies to help individuals avoid aspirations which are too low. However, it is not yet fully clear how these policies need to be designed in order to increase people’s welfare. To bridge this gap, this paper compares two different welfare approaches and examines how useful these might be when looking at normative implications of policies regarding aspirations. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach, we conclude that policies addressing aspiration traps need to be accompanied with policies that address, more directly, poverty and material hardship. To alleviate poverty, it can be helpful to make people reconsider their aspirations; however, this can complement but not substitute other policies. Moreover, to ensure that policies that address aspirations are not detrimental to welfare, they should not push people towards specific choices. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 517-530 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1364224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1364224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:517-530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anirudh Krishna Author-X-Name-First: Anirudh Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna Title: Should Rich Nations Help the Poor? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 531-532 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395942 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:531-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom Author-X-Name-First: Merridy Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom Title: Transforming Teacher Quality in the Global South: Using Capabilities and Causality to Re-examine Teacher Performance Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 532-534 Issue: 4 Volume: 18 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:532-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Sharaunga Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sharaunga Author-Name: M. Mudhara Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mudhara Author-Name: A. Bogale Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Bogale Title: Conceptualisation and Measurement of Women's Empowerment Revisited Abstract: This paper advances a new approach to conceptualise, define and systematically measure women's empowerment. A review of literature identified that empowerment is multidimensional, and that women empowered in one dimension are not necessarily empowered in the other. It was also established that women need both resources and a sense of agency to independently achieve their livelihood outcomes. Therefore, it was concluded that both agency and resources are the best indicators of women's level of empowerment. In view of the multidimensional nature of women's empowerment, this study proposed the use of principal component analysis (PCA) on women's level of agency and resources to generate factor scores (i.e., indicators of each woman's level of empowerment) at each dimension of empowerment (i.e., indicated by each PC) as the better approach to quantitatively measure women's empowerment. Data to test this approach was taken from rural women in Msinga Local Municipality of South Africa. Application of PCA, showed the dominant dimensions in which women in the study area were empowered while the PC factor loadings quantitatively measured the level of empowerment along each dimension. It was concluded that women's empowerment is best conceptualised as increases in women's capabilities and hence, application of PCA to the indicators of women's indicators of resources and agency is the most suitable approach to capture their empowerment levels across different dimensions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1546280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1546280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:1-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Author-Name: Norbert Schmitz Author-X-Name-First: Norbert Author-X-Name-Last: Schmitz Author-Name: Sam Harper Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Harper Author-Name: Arijit Nandi Author-X-Name-First: Arijit Author-X-Name-Last: Nandi Title: Development of a Tool to Measure Women’s Agency in India Abstract: Ensuring and expanding women’s agency is an essential component of efforts to promote the rights and well-being of women. However, inadequate measurement hampers monitoring and research into achieving this goal. In this study, we developed a theory-based measurement tool of women’s agency. We developed a conceptual model of agency through a review of the literature, and then used this model to identify potential indicators of agency. These indicators were asked as part of a population-based household survey that was completed between July and November 2016 by 3042 women in rural Rajasthan, India. We tested the construct validity of the hypothesized measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. We identified a conceptual model of agency, composed of 23 indicators, which measured the domains Household Decision-Making, Freedom of Movement, Participation in the Community, and Attitudes and Perceptions. This conceptual model fit the study data well (CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA = 0.031). Our results have implications for measurement efforts in a number of settings, and our tool can be used to measure women’s agency in rural India. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 26-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1545751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1545751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:26-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karie Cross Riddle Author-X-Name-First: Karie Cross Author-X-Name-Last: Riddle Title: Reasoned Choice or Performative Care? Women’s Transformative Peacebuilding Identities in Manipur, India Abstract: Countering the inevitability of communal violence, Amartya Sen defines identities as the product of individual, reasoned choice. Although he acknowledges that such choices are constrained, I argue that Sen’s position overlooks (1) the relational character of identities which reflect caring responsibility rather than autonomous choice, and (2) the power structures that constrain agents’ choices. Using original ethnographic research conducted with women’s peacebuilding groups in India in 2014 and 2015, I develop a theory of identity as performative and grounded in care. Theorizing first from women’s peacebuilding practices and then adding insights from Sara Ruddick’s care ethics and Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, I demonstrate how relationships and structures circumscribe women’s choices, leading them to transform their relational identities rather than choose them after a process of reasoning. Women peacebuilders take up socially-ascribed responsibility for others, building peace relationally as mothers and conflict-affected widows. Post-structural feminism helps us to guard against essentializing these women’s experiences as natural, instead seeing their work as deeply constrained by gender norms even as their peace work transforms those norms. My understanding of identity as relational and performative thus illuminates new sources for and new constraints upon agency. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 54-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1546279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1546279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:54-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrés Rodríguez-Pose Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Pose Author-Name: Vassilis Tselios Author-X-Name-First: Vassilis Author-X-Name-Last: Tselios Title: Well-being, Political Decentralisation and Governance Quality in Europe Abstract: European nations allocate public sector resources with the general aim of increasing the well-being and welfare of their citizens through a fair and efficient distribution of these public goods and services. However, “who” delivers these goods and services and “how well” they are delivered are essential in determining outcomes in terms of well-being. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey database, this paper uses Amartya Sen’s social welfare index framework—accounting for the trade-off between the maximization of public sector resources and an equitable distribution of these resources—to examine the influence of political decentralisation (“who” delivers the resources) and whether this influence is moderated by governance quality (“how well” they are delivered) on individual subjective well-being. The findings of the econometric analysis reveal that decentralisation does not always lead to higher well-being, as the benefits of political decentralisation are highly mediated by the quality of national governance. In countries with high governance quality, political decentralisation results in a greater satisfaction with health provision, while in lower quality governance countries, a more decentralized government can increase the overall satisfaction with life, the economy, government, democracy and the provision of education, but not necessarily with health-related services. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 69-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1563773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1563773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:69-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorrit Posel Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit Author-X-Name-Last: Posel Author-Name: Michael Rogan Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan Title: Inequality, Social Comparisons and Income Aspirations: Evidence from a Highly Unequal Country Abstract: We investigate the formation of minimum income aspirations in South Africa, a country characterised by high poverty rates and high and rising rates of inequality. Although a few empirical studies have explored income aspirations in South Africa, this is the first study that analyses nationally representative micro-data. We add to the broader empirical literature on income aspirations in two ways. First, we investigate whether there is evidence of aspirations failure among the poor and we test the relationship between aspirations and income inequality. Second, we explore whether aspirations have different associations when social comparisons are drawn with different reference groups. Our analysis of the minimum income question (MIQ) asked in a national household survey from 2008/2009 shows that although aspirations increase significantly with income, the poor are far more likely than the non-poor to report aspirations that exceed current income. The aspirations of both the poor and the non-poor also vary positively (and not negatively) with local levels of inequality, although aspirations respond significantly only to the relative success of others in the same race group. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 94-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1547272 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1547272 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:94-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashley Piggins Author-X-Name-First: Ashley Author-X-Name-Last: Piggins Title: Collective Choice and Social Welfare—Expanded Edition Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 112-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:112-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madleina Daehnhardt Author-X-Name-First: Madleina Author-X-Name-Last: Daehnhardt Title: The Creation of the Human Development Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 113-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:113-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johannes M. Waldmüller Author-X-Name-First: Johannes M. Author-X-Name-Last: Waldmüller Title: Human Rights Trade-Offs in Times of Economic Growth. The Long-Term Capability Impacts of Extractive-Led Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 115-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560896 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:115-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi Author-X-Name-First: Faith Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi Title: Youth, Gender and the Capabilities Approach to Development: Rethinking Opportunities and Agency from a Human Development Perspective Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 117-118 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:117-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Introduction: Aspiration and the Capabilities List Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 301-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1200789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1200789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:301-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debraj Ray Author-X-Name-First: Debraj Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Title: Aspirations and the Development Treadmill Abstract: I describe a positive theory of socially determined aspirations, and some implications of that theory for the study of economic inequality and social conflict. The main contribution of the theory is that it attempts to describe, in the same explanatory arc, how a change in aspirations can be inspirational in some circumstances, or a source of frustration and resentment in others. These different reactions arise from the aspirational gap: the difference between socially generated aspirations and the current socio-economic standard that the individual enjoys. Ever-accelerating economic development can cut both ways in terms of inspiration and frustration. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 309-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1211597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1211597 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:309-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: How Do Aspirations Matter? Abstract: This paper explores the complex roles of aspirations in relation to human development, drawing upon the capability approach. The paper examines the notion of feasibility of aspirations and the impact feasibility judgements have on aspiration formation and aspiration realization, in terms of both capabilities and functionings. In particular this paper extends existing theory by building on Hart's dynamic multi-dimensional model of aspiration and Hart's aspiration set (2012. Aspiration, Education and Social Justice - Applying Sen and Bourdieu. London: Bloomsbury). The theorization builds on empirical work, undertaken in the UK, seeking to understand pupils’ aspirations on leaving school and college at age 17–19 as well as reviewing wider empirical and theoretical literature in this field. The discussion contributes to capability theory by extending understanding regarding first, the way that aspirations are connected to capabilities and functionings, secondly, the processes by which aspirations are converted into capabilities and thirdly, how certain capabilities become functionings. The paper reflects on the criteria that inform choices about the cultivation and selection of different aspirations on individual and collective bases. In concluding the paper the question of, “how do aspirations matter?” is addressed. Ultimately, an argument is made for the need to “reclaim” a rich multi-dimensional concept of aspiration in order to pursue human development and flourishing for all. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 324-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:324-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James J. Heckman Author-X-Name-First: James J. Author-X-Name-Last: Heckman Author-Name: Chase O. Corbin Author-X-Name-First: Chase O. Author-X-Name-Last: Corbin Title: Capabilities and Skills Abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of recent research on the economics of human development to the work of the Human Development and Capability Association. The recent economics of human development brings insights about the dynamics of skill accumulation to the literature on capabilities. Skills embodied in agents empower people. Enhanced skills enhance opportunities and hence promote capabilities. We address measurement problems common to both the economics of human development and the capability approach. The economics of human development analyzes the dynamics of preference formation, but is silent about which preferences should be used to evaluate alternative policies. This is both a strength and a limitation of the approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 342-359 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1200541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1200541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:342-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John B. Davis Author-X-Name-First: John B. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Thomas R. Wells Author-X-Name-First: Thomas R. Author-X-Name-Last: Wells Title: Transformation Without Paternalism Abstract: Human development is meant to be transformational in that it aims to improve people's lives by enhancing their capabilities. But who does it target: people as they are or the people they will become? This paper argues that the human development approach relies on an understanding of personal identity as dynamic rather than as static collections of preferences, and that this distinguishes human development from conventional approaches to development. Nevertheless, this dynamic understanding of personal identity is presently poorly conceptualized and this has implications for development practice. We identify a danger of paternalism and propose institutionalizing two procedural principles as side constraints on development policies and projects: the principle of free prior informed consent and the principle of democratic development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 360-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:360-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candice Gartner Author-X-Name-First: Candice Author-X-Name-Last: Gartner Title: The Science and Politics of Infrastructure Research: Asserting Power, Place, and Agency in Infrastructure Knowledge Abstract: Despite over half a century of research concerning infrastructure development processes, structurally oriented development theories continue to dominate infrastructure research and praxis. Critically informed approaches to development, which acknowledge the integral role of power, place, and agency to infrastructure research, have yet to make a noticeable mark within infrastructure development policy-making. Towards the goal of giving greater prominence to the critical perspective, I propose the Critical Acquisition Framework. The framework is designed to facilitate an agency-oriented understanding of infrastructure development processes from the perspectives of marginalized groups. Inspired by critical-social theory and capability analyses, the Critical Acquisition Framework helps to understand how marginalized groups deploy their existing capability sets to access infrastructure via multiple and overlapping institutions. In addition, the framework helps to envision alternative agency-oriented scenarios of infrastructure access. In essence, the framework demonstrates how the acquisition process influences the capability sets and therefore power of marginalized groups, and can be used to assess whether infrastructure “develops” according to local perspectives, or reifies inequitable power relations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 377-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1198309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1198309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:377-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Capabilitarianism Abstract: This paper offers a critique of Martha Nussbaum's description of the capability approach, and offers an alternative. I will argue that Nussbaum's characterization of the capability approach is flawed, in two ways. First, she unduly limits the capability to two strands of work, thereby ignoring important other capabilitarian scholarship. Second, she argues that there are five essential elements that all capability theories meet; yet upon closer analysis three of them are not really essential to the capability approach. I also offer an alternative description of the capability approach, which is called the cartwheel view of the capability approach. This view is at the same time radically multidisciplinary yet also contains a foundationally robust core among its various usages, and is therefore much better able to make the case that the capability approach can be developed in a very wide range of more specific normative theories. Finally, the carthwheel view is used to argue against Nussbaum's claim that all capabiliarian political theory needs to be politically liberal. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 397-414 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:397-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo Martínez Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez Title: Inequality Decomposition and Human Development Abstract: The human development index (HDI), which takes into account achievements in health, education, and income, is considered a good measure of the social attainments of a country. The global cross-country distribution of human development is imbalanced and the degree of convergence is low. This inequality has varied during recent years. In this paper we present evidence that improvements in the convergence of human development across countries are mostly attributed to education, whereas health and income have made poor contributions. To do this we exploit the multiplicative structure of the HDI and several decompositions of the Theil inequality index. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 415-425 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:415-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert Title: Putting Inequality in Context Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 429-433 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:429-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino Title: The Costs of Inequality and the Affordability of Solutions Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 434-439 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:434-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Title: The Space of Inequalities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 440-446 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203030 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203030 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:440-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Wisor Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Wisor Title: Multidimensional Horizontal and Global Inequality Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 447-452 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:447-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Polly Vizard Author-X-Name-First: Polly Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard Title: Inequality and Public Action Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 453-459 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:453-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Thorbecke Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Thorbecke Title: Inequality and the Trade-off between Efficiency and Equity Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 460-464 Issue: 3 Volume: 17 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:460-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Laruffa Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Laruffa Title: What is a Capability-enhancing Social Policy? Individual Autonomy, Democratic Citizenship and the Insufficiency of the Employment-focused Paradigm Abstract: Since the mid-1990s, global social policy discourse and practice has shifted from a focus on social protection and redistribution towards the promotion of people’s labour market participation and human capital enhancement. The capability approach significantly contributed to legitimize these developments. The aim of this paper is to criticize this dominant interpretation of the capability approach in social policy, which reduces people’s capability to their capacity to participate in the economy. An alternative conceptualization of capability-enhancing social policy is then proposed. At the individual level, social policy should increase the number and variety of valuable options open to individuals. On the one hand, this means supporting—alongside employment—also care work and political participation. On the other hand, since the benefits of employment cannot be taken for granted, this requires also reforming the workplace in order to expand citizens’ agency and wellbeing. At the collective level, social policy should establish the social preconditions for an effective and substantive democracy, providing the social bases of political equality through a focus on redistribution and equal respect. This alternative conceptualization has also implications for education policy: rather than people’s human capital, education should enhance individual and collective autonomy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan G. Dejaeghere Author-X-Name-First: Joan G. Author-X-Name-Last: Dejaeghere Title: Reconceptualizing Educational Capabilities: A Relational Capability Theory for Redressing Inequalities Abstract: Education is regarded as a core capability, fundamental to enhancing other capabilities and well-being. Yet education capabilities may not necessarily be agency or well-being enhancing if they do not identify and alter the forms of social relations that marginalize young people. This paper departs from a discussion of Robeyns’ [2017. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Open Book Publishers] essential modules of the CA, in which she regards capabilities and functionings as value neutral. Yet, using only the essential modules of the CA can produce knowledge that may not reveal and disrupt inequalities, which are important for scholars using the CA in education. This paper discusses how postcolonial and feminist perspectives can be used to address critiques about the CA related to questions of power and the individualized and decontextualized nature of capabilities. These perspectives offer a relational analysis grounded in historical, social and economic relations that can impede a person from expanding and acting on their capabilities. The paper compares two groups of educational capabilities found in the CA scholarship and how a relational ontology can account for power constituted in social relations and structures. These two groups of educational capabilities are (1) affiliation, social networks, and recognition; and (2) critical thinking/practical reasoning; aspirations; and reimagining alternative futures. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 17-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1677576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1677576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:17-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryan Reed Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Author-X-Name-Last: Reed Title: Dignity in Transgender Lives: A Capabilities Approach Abstract: Transgender people frequently contend with serious challenges to living lives of dignity. They face elevated risks of violent assault, discrimination in employment and healthcare, and social, legal, and political hostility. This paper considers Martha C. Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as a means of addressing the needs of transgender people. Following Nussbaum’s lead, the analysis considers how the capabilities approach speaks to the disparities and obstacles faced by transgender people and which of Nussbaum’s list of Central Capabilities must be secured to ensure that they are able to live flourishing lives of dignity. Further, the paper advances proposals to modify three of the Central Capabilities in order to comprehensively address the dignity needs of transgender people and, more broadly, all persons whose gender presentation does not conform to traditional expectations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 36-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:36-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Afi Agboli Author-X-Name-First: Afi Author-X-Name-Last: Agboli Author-Name: Mylene Botbol Author-X-Name-First: Mylene Author-X-Name-Last: Botbol Author-Name: Sarah O’Neill Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: O’Neill Author-Name: Fabienne Richard Author-X-Name-First: Fabienne Author-X-Name-Last: Richard Author-Name: Isabelle Aujoulat Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle Author-X-Name-Last: Aujoulat Title: Transforming Vulnerability into Power: Exploring Empowerment among Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Context of Migration in Belgium Abstract: This paper discusses an aspect of empowerment in relation to the central human capabilities for women with FGM/C in the diaspora. Many women who have undergone the practice of FGM/C come from societies where gender inequalities and gender-based discrimination between men and women persist, which compromises their capabilities, and many find themselves in vulnerable positions in their relationships with men, at work and in their everyday-life. The participants in this study however appeared somehow to have been empowered through certain health-promoting activities where they exercised agency in the western social context, they reside in. This paper examines the empowerment gained by the migrant women with FGM/C after participating in health-promoting activities. We compared this form of empowerment to the reinforcement of their capabilities according to Nussbaum's central human capabilities. Drawing on Nussbaum's list as a starting point we explore the relationship between capabilities and empowerment. We found that some central human capabilities appeared to be reinforced through health-promoting activities, whereas issues relating to asylum seeking became a determinant of empowerment in the women's own terms. Although the activities aimed to empower women, the participants themselves felt that they would only truly be empowered if they obtained full citizenship. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 49-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:49-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cian O’Donovan Author-X-Name-First: Cian Author-X-Name-Last: O’Donovan Author-Name: Adrian Smith Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Technology and Human Capabilities in UK Makerspaces Abstract: The relationship between technology and human capabilities is an ambivalent one. The same technology can expand capabilities for some users under certain circumstances, whilst diminishing capabilities for others situated differently. In this paper we analyse human capabilities in relation to digital design and fabrication technologies as configured, sociotechnically, in makerspaces in the UK. Through a combination of methods, the study identifies how some of the capability benefits claimed for makerspaces are experienced in practice, whilst noting that other capabilities claimed appear absent. Q-method in particular enables the study to examine systematically the plurality in these expansions and absences. We discuss how capabilities might be expanded, how our methods might be of wider use, and we draw some conclusions for theory regarding sociotechnical configurations and human capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 63-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1704706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1704706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:63-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nechumi Malovicki Yaffe Author-X-Name-First: Nechumi Malovicki Author-X-Name-Last: Yaffe Title: Capabilities and Universalism – An Empirical Examination: The Case of the Ultra-Orthodox Community Abstract: Can the existing capabilities lists be said to be universal? This question was examined using in-depth interviews of ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel based on the assumption that a community whose norms and practices are subject to strict rules and to the authority of texts would have a different notion of the most fundamental capabilities than a secular community. The results suggest that while some capabilities on the existing lists were viewed as highly important and likely to conform to the universal claim, others need to be modified in order to adapt to local cultural codes. Some capabilities were rejected by the interviewees, which brings into question their universality. Moreover, the interviewees found two additional capabilities important. The first important additional capability was that one’s community and culture be formally recognised as unique and special; the second even more pronounced capability was the opportunity to lead a meaningful and spiritual life. I conclude by suggesting that leading a meaningful and spiritual life is consistent with Sen’s theory of capabilities of human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 84-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1705259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1705259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:84-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Clark Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Development: The Re-Balancing of Economic Powers Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 99-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1709280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1709280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:99-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ecem Karlıdağ-Dennis Author-X-Name-First: Ecem Author-X-Name-Last: Karlıdağ-Dennis Title: Higher Education, Youth and Migration in Contexts of Disadvantage: Understanding Aspirations and Capabilities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 101-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1709279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1709279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:101-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudio D’Amato Author-X-Name-First: Claudio Author-X-Name-Last: D’Amato Title: Collectivist Capabilitarianism Abstract: The individualistic features of the capability approach (CA) have been thoroughly analysed in recent literature. While many authors have been critical of a perceived methodological bias, little attention has been given to the supposedly non-optional ethical individualism that lies at the liberal heart of the approach. This paper proposes to relegate ethical individualism to optional status and to bolster the approach with an extremely thin and minimally normative ethical relativism, based on the work of Michael Walzer on ethical objectivity. This new version of the approach, which I call collectivist capabilitarianism, allows capabilitarian theorising in explicitly non-liberal socio-political contexts. Currently the CA is burdened by a conception of the Good that unnecessarily singles out the individual person as the exclusive locus of ultimate moral worth. The inclusion of collectives as also inherently morally worthy, along with the weakening of egalitarian and universalist moral constraints in favour of a moderately relativistic ethic, yields a more malleable, pragmatic, and culturally respectful approach whose character is still distinctly capabilitarian. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 105-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1732887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1732887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:105-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natalia Niedmann Álvarez Author-X-Name-First: Natalia Author-X-Name-Last: Niedmann Álvarez Title: Imagining Development: The Chilean Dictatorship and the Case for Political Freedom as a Factor in the Human Development Index Abstract: Should political liberties be included in the Human Development Report? Their brief and controversial debut on the report between 1991 and 1993 seemed to close the door for political liberty measurements because of their technical difficulties. Yet, political freedoms seem to be ever more urgent capabilities. This paper intends to reopen the debate on whether political freedoms should be incorporated into the Human Development Report. It uses the Chilean dictatorship's example to reflect on how development is inevitably trumped without them. After briefly responding to some of the main criticisms political freedoms measurements have encompassed the paper proposes an additional reason to incorporate them: they portray the only truly collective capability, representing an essential aspect of human existence which is now absent from the Report. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 121-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1736530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1736530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:121-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Anand Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Swati Saxena Author-X-Name-First: Swati Author-X-Name-Last: Saxena Author-Name: Rolando Gonzales Martinez Author-X-Name-First: Rolando Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzales Martinez Author-Name: Hai-Anh H. Dang Author-X-Name-First: Hai-Anh H. Author-X-Name-Last: Dang Title: Can Women’s Self-help Groups Contribute to Sustainable Development? Evidence of Capability Changes from Northern India Abstract: This paper offers an evaluation of a supported women’s self-help programme with over 1.5 million participants in one of the poorest rural regions of the world (Uttar Pradesh, India). Methodologically, it shows how indicators from the direct capability measurement literature can be adapted for programme evaluation in a low-income country setting. Unique data on capabilities across a range of dimensions are then developed for some 6000 women and used to estimate a number of propensity score matching models. The substantive empirical results of these models indicate that many of the capability indicators are higher for programme members, that the difference appears robust, and that there are significant benefits for those from scheduled tribes and lower castes. The discussion highlights two points. First, human development improvements offered by multi-strand programmes can help to explain the paradox as to why nearly 100 million women (in India alone) have participated in self-help programmes despite modest global research evidence for micro-finance impacts on nominal incomes. Second, results argue strongly for the use of capability measures over agency measures focused solely on household decision-making to assess women’s empowerment when structural causes of disempowerment, external to the household, are present and significant. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 137-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1742100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1742100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:137-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac G. K. Ansah Author-X-Name-First: Isaac G. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Ansah Author-Name: Munkaila Lambongang Author-X-Name-First: Munkaila Author-X-Name-Last: Lambongang Author-Name: Samuel A. Donkoh Author-X-Name-First: Samuel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Donkoh Title: Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Programme: A Look at the Role of Capability in Farmers’ Participation Abstract: An objective interpersonal comparison of wellbeing requires that people’s capabilities are considered. This paper operationalises Sen’s capability concept in maize-based farming systems and assesses how it influences farmers’ participation in the Planting for Food and Jobs programme in the Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District of the Northern Region, Ghana. We used data from 315 households collected through multi-stage sampling procedure. Capability was quantified using factor analysis, while its determinants were identified through multiple linear regression analysis. Afterwards, an instrumental variable probit model was used to examine the effect of capability on programme participation. We identified two attributes of capability, which were labelled as human capability and institutional capability. T hese capability attributes are significantly enhanced by availability of markets and good roads. Our results provide evidence that the two attributes of capability influence farmers’ participation in the Planting for Food and Jobs programme. The findings indicate that, for effective participation in agricultural interventions, farmers’ capabilities need to be enhanced. This could be achieved through the provision of, and/or improvement in infrastructure, including roads and markets in remote production centres. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1745162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1745162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:161-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mateus Humberto Author-X-Name-First: Mateus Author-X-Name-Last: Humberto Author-Name: Bruna Pizzol Author-X-Name-First: Bruna Author-X-Name-Last: Pizzol Author-Name: Filipe Moura Author-X-Name-First: Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Author-Name: Mariana Giannotti Author-X-Name-First: Mariana Author-X-Name-Last: Giannotti Author-Name: Marcos Paulo de Lucca-Silveira Author-X-Name-First: Marcos Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: de Lucca-Silveira Title: Investigating the Mobility Capabilities and Functionings in Accessing Schools Through Walking: A Quantitative Assessment of Public and Private Schools in São Paulo (Brazil) Abstract: Despite being recognised as an appropriate tool to address different dimensions of transport-related social exclusion, the Capability Approach still lacks application within the domain of school transportation. This study conceptualised the vectors of collective functionings and capabilities of preschools and nurseries in São Paulo. From the location of 204 schools, the conditions to access schools through walking were assessed using georeferenced datasets relating to mobility, road safety, and the built environment. The schools were analysed according to their conditions to walk (resources) and the corresponding conversion rates to achieve higher shares of pedestrian trips (functionings), considering the idiosyncrasies between public and private schools. That enabled the estimation of the mobility capabilities, which presented gaps when compared with the functionings. Results corroborated with the class and race disparities in the access to education in Brazil, in which schools with poorer conditions to walk do not have any other options than walking to go to school (e.g. transit or bicycle), requiring investments in the upgrading of the urban infrastructure. On the other hand, schools in wealthier regions present barriers to the fulfilment of active mobility even when the resources are considered sufficient, in which the implementation of educational programmes in recommended. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 183-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1745163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1745163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:183-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen L. Esquith Author-X-Name-First: Stephen L. Author-X-Name-Last: Esquith Title: Agency and Democracy in Development Ethics Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 205-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741138 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741138 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:205-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imants Latkovskis Author-X-Name-First: Imants Author-X-Name-Last: Latkovskis Title: Capabilities in a Just Society: A Theory of Navigational Agency Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 207-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:207-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rhys Manley Author-X-Name-First: Rhys Author-X-Name-Last: Manley Title: Foundations of Real World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 209-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741139 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741139 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:209-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Efrat Ram-Tiktin Author-X-Name-First: Efrat Author-X-Name-Last: Ram-Tiktin Title: The Tragedy of the Commons and Population Health: The State’s Intervention in an Individual’s Actions and Choices from a Capability Perspective Abstract: The discussion of public health ethics usually focuses on public health and relates it to the notion of a public good. In this paper, I explain why we need to focus on population health and why it corresponds to a common good and hence is prone to depletion in the absence of appropriate state regulation. Using the capability approach perspective and Sen’s focus on the value of the opportunity and process aspects of freedom, I show why the state commitment to guarantee each individual the prerequisites for her positive freedom in fact justifies limiting an individual’s freedom of action in order to protect the freedom of others. However, even such infringements might not suffice to maintain population health as a common good. Hence, in the third section, I look at an additional course of intervention by the state, namely the use of nudges which are intended to influence an individual’s choices and to steer her to more health-enhancing behavior. In light of the possible violation of the opportunity and process aspects of individual freedom, I show why and under what circumstances the use of nudges is not only ethical, but actually preserves the two aspects of freedom and at the same time maintains the common good. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 438-455 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1471672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1471672 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:438-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mari-Anne Okkolin Author-X-Name-First: Mari-Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Okkolin Author-Name: Teija Koskela Author-X-Name-First: Teija Author-X-Name-Last: Koskela Author-Name: Petra Engelbrecht Author-X-Name-First: Petra Author-X-Name-Last: Engelbrecht Author-Name: Hannu Savolainen Author-X-Name-First: Hannu Author-X-Name-Last: Savolainen Title: Capability to be Educated—Inspiring and Inclusive Pedagogical Arrangements from Finnish Schools Abstract: The idea and concept of inclusive education have been debated, and different interpretations of what inclusion means and to whom it concerns have been presented. In this paper, we bring together notions of inclusive quality education, pedagogy, learning and teachers, and illustrate how the principle(s) of inclusion(s) has been enacted and translated into classroom practices in Finnish context. Drawing from Finnish teachers’ narratives, we highlight successful, small-scale and creative pedagogical arrangements and teachers’ sensitivity to recognize and commit to responding to the needs of diverse learners. Our argumentation is rooted in the capabilities approach. We carry out an evaluative exercise and examine how the classroom practices and teachers’ understandings of their students look like through the capabilities conceptualizations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 421-437 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1474858 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1474858 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:421-437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lin Yang Author-X-Name-First: Lin Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: Measuring Well-being: A Multidimensional Index Integrating Subjective Well-being and Preferences Abstract: Policymakers have begun looking for multidimensional alternatives to income-based measures for assessing well-being in societies. The Human Development Index (HDI) and related composite indices have been widely criticized in the welfare economic literature, yet are still some of the most influential income-alternatives in the research and policy arena. What are the theoretical links that bridge the gap between these composite indices and the criticisms levelled at them? This paper introduces the “preference index approach,” a multidimensional measure bringing together the “equivalence approach” and the “distance function” in welfare economic theory. It retains convenient similarities with HDI-type composite indices, but assesses well-being in a way that reflects interpersonal differences in preferences between dimensions of well-being, whilst retaining comparability of well-being levels between individuals. The approach is applied empirically with data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to estimate different preference types between well-being dimensions. The empirical application finds that preferences differ by age, education level and unemployment status, and finds a weaker preference for the health and income dimension within older groups. Across all groups, health is strongly prioritized over income. When preference heterogeneities are taken into account, the picture of well-being looks quite different than that painted by standard welfare measures. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 456-476 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1474859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1474859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:456-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankita Mishra Author-X-Name-First: Ankita Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Author-Name: Ranjan Ray Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Author-Name: Leonora Risse Author-X-Name-First: Leonora Author-X-Name-Last: Risse Title: How Does Child Disadvantage Change with Age? An Analysis of Australian Children Abstract: This paper applies a dynamic multidimensional measure of disadvantage to examine how the nature and extent of disadvantage experienced by a child can vary throughout their childhood. We use two longitudinal datasets to track a cohort of Australian children from around 4 to at least 10 years of age, comparing the experiences of Indigenous children to the broader Australian child population. Our analysis confirms that Indigenous children not only experience worse rates of disadvantage than the rest of the Australian child population at all ages, but that this gap widens further as children grow older. For all Australian children, the highest rates of disadvantage are detected in “bullying” and “body weight,” with rates of unhealthy body weight worsening with age. The empirical findings of this study can inform age-targeted policy design; while the methodological contributions have relevance for other countries aiming to target the well-being of disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 477-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1484711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1484711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:477-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paula Andrea Nieto Alemán Author-X-Name-First: Paula Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Nieto Alemán Author-Name: Norat Roig-Tierno Author-X-Name-First: Norat Author-X-Name-Last: Roig-Tierno Author-Name: Francisco Mas-Verdú Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Mas-Verdú Author-Name: José María García Álvarez-Coque Author-X-Name-First: José María Author-X-Name-Last: García Álvarez-Coque Title: Multidimensional paths to regional poverty: a Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of Colombian departments Abstract: This paper provides a simple, systemic, holistic assessment of regional conditions that lead to capability deprivation. Capability deprivation is measured at the regional level using the indicators of monetary poverty and life expectancy in Colombia. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to identify necessary or sufficient conditions for high and low deprivation in Colombian departments (regions). The multidimensional paths consist of combinations of economic conditions (GDP per capita and trade openness), social conditions (education) and institutional conditions (transparency and internal displacement). The observed interactions between conditions indicate that no single condition leads to regional poverty. Peace and transparent institutions are important conditions in most of the paths that lead to high or low capability or functioning indicators. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 499-520 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1504760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1504760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:499-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pirmin Fessler Author-X-Name-First: Pirmin Author-X-Name-Last: Fessler Author-Name: Martin Schürz Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Schürz Title: Private Wealth Across European Countries: The Role of Income, Inheritance and the Welfare State Abstract: Using microdata from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), this study examines the role of inheritance, income and welfare state policies in explaining differences in household net wealth within and between euro area countries. First, about one-third of the households in the 13 European countries we study report having received an inheritance, and these households have considerably higher net wealth than those which did not inherit. Second, regression analyses on households' relative wealth position show that, on average, having received an inheritance lifts a household by about 14 net wealth percentiles. At the same time, each additional percentile in the income distribution is associated with about 0.4 net wealth percentiles. These results are consistent across countries. Third, multilevel cross-country regressions show that the degree of welfare state spending across countries is negatively correlated with household net wealth. These findings suggest that social services provided by the state are substitutes for private wealth accumulation and partly explain observed differences in levels of household net wealth across European countries. In particular, the effect of substitution relative to net wealth decreases with growing wealth levels. This implies that an increase in welfare state spending goes along with an increase—rather than a decrease—of observed wealth inequality. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 521-549 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1507422 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1507422 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:521-549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram Title: Social Gradient in Capabilities Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 553-558 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:553-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell Title: Intransigent Disadvantage: What Inequality Contributes to Development Gaps Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 559-563 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:559-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dinesh Bhugra Author-X-Name-First: Dinesh Author-X-Name-Last: Bhugra Title: Health Gap, Wealth Gap—What is the Question? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 564-568 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:564-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Greco Author-X-Name-First: Giulia Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Power, Social Exclusion and the “Good Life”: the Importance of Measuring What Really Counts Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 569-574 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:569-574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Marmot Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Marmot Title: Social Determinants, Capabilities and Health Inequalities: A Response to Bhugra, Greco, Fennell and Venkatapuram Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 575-577 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:575-577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leif Wenar Author-X-Name-First: Leif Author-X-Name-Last: Wenar Title: The Development of Unity Abstract: Martha Nussbaum’s list of the 10 central capabilities contains the most plausible account of valuable functionings that we have. In this lecture, I explore how Nussbaum’s account converges with the deepest explanation of what is intrinsically valuable—what is good in itself. This exploration shows how Nussbaum’s account tracks the same logic of value that we find in many of the world’s great philosophical traditions. What all of these philosophers are telling us is that goodness is unity: unity with the world, with each other, and within ourselves. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 211-222 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1785665 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1785665 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:211-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Comments on Leif Wenar's Nussbaum Lecture, “The Development of Unity” Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 223-229 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1785664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1785664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:223-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susumu Cato Author-X-Name-First: Susumu Author-X-Name-Last: Cato Title: Extending the Intersection Approach Abstract: The intersection approach is a common method of overcoming a conflict among multiple values. Under this approach, a state is more desirable than another if it is so for all criteria in question. A fundamental difficulty is that judgment under the intersection approach lacks completeness in too many cases. We propose alternative methods that extend the intersection approach: the union and union-intersection approaches. Our methods generate a (quasi-)coherence judgment which is more completed and can be applied to most problems of ethical indices. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 230-248 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1773776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1773776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:230-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nico Brando Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Brando Title: Children’s Abilities, Freedom, and the Process of Capability-Formation Abstract: When thinking about children's entitlements, priority tends to be given to protecting their well-being achievements, while limiting their entitlement to exercise freedoms and agency. An assumption of “inability” is used as the grounding justification for limiting children's freedom and agency. Using the capability approach (CA) as a method to conceptualise what is owed to individuals, this article shows that the justifiability of restricting freedom to “unable” individuals is not as straightforward as assumed. Understanding the role that abilities play in justifiably limiting freedom requires an assessment of what being “(un)able” means, and how this “inability” may translate into particular privileges or restrictions. The article, thus, intends to give an answer to the following questions: first, how should the concept of “ability” be understood within the CA? And, second, how does ability bind our understanding of the legitimate restriction of freedom and agency? The article offers a response to the first question through an evolving and dynamic understanding of “ability.” It claims, moreover, that the process through which abilities develop (the process of capability-formation) ought to be taken into account when assessing what is owed to an individual as a matter of justice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 249-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1767547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1767547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:249-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Fardell Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Fardell Title: Conceptualising Capabilities and Dimensions of Advantage as Needs Abstract: Amartya Sen’s critique of the concept of need and his case for the superiority of capability as a measure of advantage have been highly influential. However, Sen perpetuates a caricature. Needs are not necessarily mere instrumental resource requirements achieving ends; the valuable ends of people’s lives can themselves constitute needs, as can freedoms. Indeed, these ideas are already present in basic needs theory. Moreover, official disavowals notwithstanding, expansive notions of need are implicitly present in certain important theories of capabilities and other advantages. Objections to need can be undermined in part by showing how this is the case. Aversion to need is unfortunate, because the concept offers powerful theoretical resources that could be better exploited if negative preconceptions were overcome and need were explicitly embraced. However, this proposal is friendly. It is not that need should replace, but that it can augment, other concepts. Drawing on need may assist with: selecting important capabilities or dimensions of advantage; marking a distinction of seriousness between these and relatively trivial advantages (and buttressing claims to the ethical or political priority of the former); explaining the incommensurability/non-substitutability of certain capabilities and dimensions of advantage, and; defining notions of sufficiency. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 263-276 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1777952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1777952 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:263-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Title: Introduction: Capabilities and Covid-19 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 277-279 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1790732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1790732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:277-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram Title: Human Capabilities and Pandemics Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the course of nations, and threatens to erase significant achievements in development. These achievements have been partially motivated by the Capabilities Approach. To stem the widening and entrenchment of inequalities as so happens after epidemics and pandemics reflected in history, policy makers must understand and apply the CA to the COVID-19 response. Three aspects of the CA, including its critique of dominant paradigms and policies affecting human wellbeing, the conception of wellbeing as capabilities, and normative argument for every human being's equal moral claims to capabilities are discussed in relation to the spread of COVID-19 and the spectrum of social responses. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 280-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1786028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1786028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:280-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rhys Manley Author-X-Name-First: Rhys Author-X-Name-Last: Manley Title: Light at the End of the Tunnel: The Capability Approach in the Aftermath of Covid 19 Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 287-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1787358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1787358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:287-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Anand Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Bob Ferrer Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer Author-Name: Qin Gao Author-X-Name-First: Qin Author-X-Name-Last: Gao Author-Name: Ricardo Nogales Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Nogales Author-Name: Ellaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Ellaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Title: COVID-19 as a Capability Crisis: Using the Capability Framework to Understand Policy Challenges Abstract: This paper shows how the policy challenges arising from COVID-19 can be understood by drawing on core concepts from the capability approach developed by Sen and others. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 293-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1789079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1789079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:293-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Jolly Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly Title: Advancing Human Development: Theory and Practice Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 300-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:300-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Brunner Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Brunner Title: Social Policy and the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 301-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778229 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:301-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven Author-X-Name-First: Rolph Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven Title: Resurgent Asia: Diversity in Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 303-305 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778230 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778230 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:303-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthias Kramm Author-X-Name-First: Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Kramm Title: When a River Becomes a Person Abstract: In March 2017, the Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand was the first river to officially receive the status of a legal person. This legal personhood is based on the ontological understanding of the river as an indivisible and living whole and as the spiritual ancestor of the Whanganui Iwi (a Māori tribe). In this paper, I analyse the Te Awa Tupua Act in which the Whanganui River is declared a legal person and suggest to supplement the document with a cross-cultural account of the Whanganui River’s wellbeing and with two normative principles that can help to effectively protect the river. First, I distinguish between a pre-political, a legal, and an institutional level within the Te Awa Tupua Act. I then identify the normative issues at stake in conceptualising and protecting the river’s wellbeing. Subsequently, I discuss how the capability approach would need to be modified in order to incorporate the Whanganui River’s wellbeing in terms of functionings. In the final section, I suggest two duties that could supplement the normative framework of the Te Awa Tupua Act. The paper concludes with a policy recommendation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 307-319 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1801610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1801610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:307-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi Author-X-Name-First: Faith Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi Author-Name: F. Melis Cin Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Melis Cin Title: From Streets to Developing Aspirations: How Does Collective Agency for Education Change Marginalised Migrant Youths’ Lives? Abstract: This paper provides an account of migrant youths’ experiences of access to education through a social initiative-driven school and highlights how these youths developed pathways of aspirations to work for the good of the community. In doing so, the paper also provides a lens to the issues of migration in Southern Africa and a context in which to understand how collective action (agency) for education can deeply transform marginalised migrants’ aspirations and offer spaces of equality and agency for change. Drawing on data collected over a span of three years, the paper aims to illustrate how Albert Street School (Authority obtained to use original school name), established as a part of grass-root collective action, supports and impacts on migrants’ capabilities and how these capabilities lead to aspirations for public good. The narrative methodology used to understand migrant youths’ lives and experiences illustrates that collective capabilities have the potential to address different forms of disadvantage and distribute diverse and incommensurable good to local communities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 320-338 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1801609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1801609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:320-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph B. Ajefu Author-X-Name-First: Joseph B. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajefu Author-Name: Jacqueline Moodley Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley Title: Parental Disability and Children's Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Tanzania Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between parental disability and children's educational outcomes in Tanzania. This paper uses data from the 2010–2011 and 2014–2015 waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TNPS) and a fixed effects estimation approach. The findings of this paper show that parental disability is associated with children being less likely to enrol in school and pass examinations. Also, we find a negative association between parental disability and the hours that children spend on their studies. However, we find no statistically significant association between parental disability and grades completed by children. We identify higher medical expenditures, lower educational expenditures and higher hours spent collecting firewood and fetching water as the potential mechanisms through which parental disability is negatively associated with children's educational outcomes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 339-354 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1807479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1807479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:339-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhonatan Clausen Author-X-Name-First: Jhonatan Author-X-Name-Last: Clausen Author-Name: Nicolas Barrantes Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Barrantes Title: Implementing a Group-Specific Multidimensional Poverty Measure: The Case of Persons with Disabilities in Peru Abstract: We contribute to the literature on multidimensional poverty and people with disabilities by developing a group-specific, comprehensive, and policy-relevant measure of multidimensional poverty adapted to exploring deprivations within the group of persons with disabilities in Peru. Based on the Alkire-Foster method, we calculated multidimensional poverty estimates using data from the first Specialised National Survey on Disability in Peru collected in 2012. Our measure included eight dimensions, four of which were operationalised using disability-specific indicators, of which, in turn, three involved deprivation criteria specific to different categories of disability. Our results showed that 41.1% of the population with disabilities in Peru suffer deprivations in at least three out of the eight dimensions, whereas rural populations, women, indigenous peoples, persons with severe disabilities, and persons with communication disabilities face the highest levels of poverty. Additionally, we identified rural indigenous women as the poorest subgroup within the overall group of persons with disabilities in Peru with a poverty incidence of 88.1%. Our results suggested that eradicating multidimensional poverty among persons with disabilities in Peru will involve implementing reasonable accommodations to existing policies and creating new disability-specific policies focused on the poorest subgroups within this population. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 355-388 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1828316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1828316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:355-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucas McGranahan Author-X-Name-First: Lucas Author-X-Name-Last: McGranahan Title: Meaningful Labour, Employee Ownership, and Workplace Democracy: A Comment on Weidel (2018) Abstract: Timothy Weidel has argued that Martha Nussbaum’s list of central capabilities should be amended to include a capability for meaningful labour. This paper extends Weidel’s ideas, arguing that meaningfulness in the workplace cannot be addressed without critically examining the formal ownership and management structure of businesses. Through specific examples, I argue that capabilities scholars and practitioners ought to encourage the proliferation of employee-owned and democratic businesses as a part of their human development strategy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 389-397 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1786677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1786677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:389-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Simantini Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay Title: Where India Goes: Abandoned Toilets, Stunted Development and the Costs of Caste Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 398-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1827517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1827517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:398-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell Title: Education and Disability in the Global South: New Perspectives from Africa and Asia Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 399-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1827518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1827518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:399-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. R. Osmani Author-X-Name-First: S. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: Coping with Covid-19 from the Capability Perspective: A View from a Developing Country Abstract: Faced with cruel dilemmas posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, many developing countries have been reluctant to impose a strict shutdown, and even when they did they have tended to relax it prematurely. This is a manifestation of the way most policymakers continue to be guided by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth even if at the cost of human misery. This paper argues that there is a better way of handling the pandemic – one that places human capability at the centre of policymaking. The proposed strategy consists of a judicious combination of three types of policy instruments: (a) physical distancing through economic shutdown, as a means of containing the spread of infection, (b) bold measures of economic support, especially entitlement support to households, who are facing the spectre of hunger as a consequence of economic shutdown, and (c) an effective system of public health support, as a means of ensuring that the economy can be reopened ‘safely’. While all three instruments are important, special emphasis is given on the role of entitlement support, in the form of income protection for households who have lost their livelihoods. The specific empirical focus is on Bangladesh, but the arguments have more general validity. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1862974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1862974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:1-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Minu Philip Author-X-Name-First: Minu Author-X-Name-Last: Philip Author-Name: Debraj Ray Author-X-Name-First: Debraj Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: Decoding India's Low Covid-19 Case Fatality Rate Abstract: India's case fatality rate (CFR) under Covid-19 is strikingly low, around 1.7% at the time of writing. The world average rate is far higher. Several observers have noted that this difference is at least partly due to India's younger age distribution. We use age-specific fatality rates from 17 comparison countries, coupled with India's distribution of Covid-19 cases, to “predict” India's CFR. In most cases, those predictions yield even lower numbers, suggesting that India's CFR is, if anything, too high rather than too low. We supplement the analysis with a decomposition exercise, and we additionally account for time lags between case incidence and death for a more relevant perspective under a growing pandemic. Our exercise underscores the importance of careful measurement and interpretation of the data, and emphasises the dangers of a misplaced complacency that could arise from an exclusive concern with aggregate statistics such as the CFR. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 27-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1863026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1863026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:27-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florian Chávez-Juárez Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Chávez-Juárez Author-Name: Jaya Krishnakumar Author-X-Name-First: Jaya Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnakumar Title: CapMod: A Simulated Society to Evaluate Empirical Estimators of Capabilities Abstract: This article introduces an innovative approach to the validation of empirical methods aiming at estimating capabilities. Validating these empirical methods is difficult because capabilities are not directly observable. We propose a computational model to generate data from a simulated society, where we observe both functionings and capabilities. These data can then be used to compare estimation methods against each other. Most importantly, our data generating process is completely disconnected from any estimation procedure and can, therefore, be used to compare a variety of methods. The model is calibrated to the Mexican economy and coherently reproduces many stylised facts of this economy. The article also proposes a short illustrative analysis on how to use the simulated data and a section on how this can be implemented practically. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 52-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1850659 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1850659 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:52-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breena Holland Author-X-Name-First: Breena Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Title: Connecting Capabilities Across the Species Divide: Friendship and Dignity in Difference Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 80-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1873477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1873477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:80-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Nussbaum Wichert Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Nussbaum Author-X-Name-Last: Wichert Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum Author-X-Name-First: Martha C. Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Title: Can There Be Friendship Between Human Beings and Wild Animals? Abstract: We examine the concept of friendship and then ask whether friendship is possible between humans and wild animals. We answer that such friendships may be possible if certain conditions are fulfilled. We consider a range of examples. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 87-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1871209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1871209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:87-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy Linch Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Linch Title: Friendship in Captivity? Plato’s Lysis as a Guide to Interspecies Justice Abstract: How should a just society treat the many non-human animals that live entirely within human societies? If securing the capabilities of non-human animals is a basic commitment of justice, how can we know which capabilities to secure, and at what level, to enable them to live lives worthy of their dignity? Friendship, as understood through Plato’s Lysis, suggests a posture toward animals that can enable humans to better apprehend what their flourishing requires and to embrace changes in human-animal relationships that are necessary to animals’ flourishing. This conception of friendship deepens the role of the species norm in evaluating humans’ relationships with animals and enables us to see the flourishing of other animals as intimately linked to human flourishing. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 108-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1865289 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1865289 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:108-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Delon Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Delon Title: Animal Capabilities and Freedom in the City Abstract: Animals who live in cities must coexist with us. They are, as a result, entitled to the conditions of their flourishing. This article argues that, as the boundaries of cities and urban areas expand, the boundaries of our conception of captivity should expand too. Urbanisation can undermine animals’ freedoms, hence their ability to live good lives. I draw the implications of an account of ‘pervasive captivity’ against the background of the Capabilities Approach. I construe captivity, including that of urban animals, as affecting a range of animal capabilities, understood as freedoms, and I address some tensions within Nussbaum’s treatment of human-animal conflicts. Using the Capabilities Approach as a guide, I will attempt to motivate a convergence between habitat preservation in urbanised environments, urban design guided by justice, and the individual freedoms of animals. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 131-153 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1869190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1869190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:131-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Bendik-Keymer Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Bendik-Keymer Title: The Other Species Capability & the Power of Wonder Abstract: I argue that the Other Species Capability (OSC) in Martha Nussbaum's Capability Approach deserves a more central place in our thinking about human capability than has often been thought. In order to do so, I explain how the OSC protects the human power of biocentric wonder, which in turn has a power that is architectonic in some ways even to capabilities such as Practical Reason and Affiliation. The bulk of the paper explains the main history surrounding the OSC, what biocentric wonder is, why it should relate to an expanded understanding of freedom, and how these things relate to self-reflection and our capacity for moral regard. Our capacity to relate to other species ought to be seen as central to our ability to come to terms with who we are and to grasp moral regard for each other. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 154-179 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1869191 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1869191 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:154-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bénédicte Zimmermann Author-X-Name-First: Bénédicte Author-X-Name-Last: Zimmermann Title: Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 180-182 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1866268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:180-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nafisa Waziri Author-X-Name-First: Nafisa Author-X-Name-Last: Waziri Title: Measuring the Unmeasurable in Education Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 182-184 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:182-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joohee Lee Author-X-Name-First: Joohee Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Hana Kim Author-X-Name-First: Hana Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: John Byrne Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Byrne Title: Operationalising Capability Thinking in the Assessment of Energy Poverty Relief Policies: Moving from Compensation-based to Empowerment-focused Policy Strategies Abstract: This study examines a broader application of capability thinking in energy justice research, especially in the assessment of energy poverty relief policies. We review two emerging topics in energy research—energy justice and the capability approach—and connect them at the conceptual level. We then use both Sen’s and Nussbaum’s versions of capability theory to define three categories of ‘energy capabilities’ related to (a) biological and physical needs, (b) intellectual and emotional needs, and (c) social and political needs. The two primary evaluation criteria, compensation-based and empowerment-focused policy strategies, are distinguished using capability language. We apply this assessment framework to the case of U.S. energy poverty programs to examine whether current policy interventions address energy poverty in a systemic manner. Based on a review of the LIHEAP and WAP programs, we find that compensation measures have been at the centre of U.S. policy strategies for energy poverty alleviation. While financial aid can help at-risk households meet their urgent energy needs, bill assistance cannot be a long-term solution to the frequency and intensity of energy affordability challenges. Without solving the root cause of energy poverty, families may remain reliant on short-term financial assistance. Empowerment measures, in contrast, can create lasting improvement in all three categories of energy capabilities. We call for placing more emphasis on implementing energy-saving measures and developing community-based energy options for at-risk households. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 292-315 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:292-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fausto Corvino Author-X-Name-First: Fausto Author-X-Name-Last: Corvino Author-Name: Giuseppe Pellegrini-Masini Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrini-Masini Author-Name: Alberto Pirni Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Pirni Author-Name: Stefano Maran Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Maran Title: Compensation for Energy Infrastructures: Can a Capability Approach be More Equitable? Abstract: In this article, we deal with the evaluation of the losses suffered by persons living in urban areas as a result of energy services. In the first part, we analyse how by adopting different informational foci we obtain contrasting interpersonal evaluations regarding the same loss. In the second part, we distinguish between a diachronic and a hypothetical/moralised threshold for harm in order to assess whether individuals are benefiting from or being harmed by a given energy service. Our argument is that the most accurate evaluation of an individual damage caused by an energy service can be obtained by using capabilities as informational focus, instead of realised wellbeing or means to wellbeing, and by interpreting the loss in relation to a hypothetical/moralised threshold that corresponds to a list of central capabilities. In the last part, we address monetary and non-monetary compensations for a loss that is evaluated in terms of capabilities. Accordingly, we expound how compensation policies can either restore the capabilities lost due to energy services or monetarily compensate the individual for the fact that a given capability (or set of capabilities) has been irremediably lost. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 197-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:197-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sushil Rajagopalan Author-X-Name-First: Sushil Author-X-Name-Last: Rajagopalan Title: Who Benefits and How? A Capabilities Perspective on Solar Micro-grids in India Abstract: Off-grids such as solar micro-grids offer a sustainable solution in providing universal energy access. However, the literature points out that services gained rather than energy access through any technology matter to people. Using capability approach, this study focuses on understanding the role of solar micro-grids in improving the well-being of rural communities in India. The findings indicate that solar micro-grids play an important part in expanding people’s choices and opportunities. Women appear to have benefited through assistance in household chores and reduced drudgery, while men seem to value entertainment and socialisation aspects. However, these energy-related capabilities are, to an extent, defined by socio-economic identities such as gender roles, and certain biases can get reinforced due to the social norms and traditions of the society. The study thus recommends that energy interventions need to be designed keeping in touch with local values and realities, thus, helping policies to be more effective. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 316-335 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:316-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hunt Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt Author-Name: B. Riley Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Riley Author-Name: L. O’Neill Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: O’Neill Author-Name: G. Maynard Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Maynard Title: Transition to Renewable Energy and Indigenous People in Northern Australia: Enhancing or Inhibiting Capabilities? Abstract: This paper uses the capability approach to analyse renewable energy developments on Aboriginal land in Australia’s Pilbara and Kimberley regions. These regions in the north-west of Australia have very high rates of Indigenous land tenure, and are attractive for both solar and wind power generation, particularly as developing technology makes it economically feasible to transport power over large distances. They are also remote from Australia’s electricity networks and often rely on expensive fossil fuels for electricity generation. Resident Aboriginal communities are among the most income-poor in Australia yet live in regions rich in renewable energy. Their ability to benefit from the opportunities offered by a transition to renewable sources of energy varies according to a number of factors. This paper examines the conditions under which Indigenous capabilities may be enhanced or inhibited, through examining three scales of energy generation: large-scale developments for export; remote utility-owned networks; and small-scale standalone off-grid applications. This paper will ask what capabilities can Indigenous people achieve from a just approach to a renewable energy transition in northern Australia, and what capabilities are required in order to gain maximum benefit from this current rapid energy transition? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 360-378 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901670 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901670 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:360-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Frigo Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Frigo Author-Name: Manuel Baumann Author-X-Name-First: Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Baumann Author-Name: Rafaela Hillerbrand Author-X-Name-First: Rafaela Author-X-Name-Last: Hillerbrand Title: Energy and the Good Life: Capabilities as the Foundation of the Right to Access Energy Services Abstract: Access to an adequate level of uninterrupted, high quality, affordable, sufficient and useful energy services varies dramatically across countries. While some nations still experience energy poverty and struggle to fulfil basic needs, others consume well over what is considered sufficient to sustain wellbeing and human flourishing. These imbalances represent fundamental injustices that must be urgently addressed and resolved. Given current inequalities, this paper asks, in general, whether it is possible to establish a human right to energy and, more specifically, whether the Capabilities Approach (CA) can provide a solid theoretical foundation for the claim to a human right to access energy services. We argue, on the one hand, that it is possible to identify concrete ranges of individual energy consumption that, if “translated” into useful energy services, constitute the adequate (not just minimal) preconditions for achieving core capabilities in different geographical contexts. On the other hand, we use the CA as a normative framework to argue for a capability-based human right to access necessary energy services such as nutrition, cooking fuel and electricity. We support these claims in two main ways. First, by looking at how individual energy consumption impacts human development and wellbeing. Second, we offer a comparison between access to specific energy services and the Human Development Index (HDI). The human right to access necessary energy services should be understood in both moral and legal terms. It should be integrated within both the international United Nations human rights framework and international energy law. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 218-248 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887109 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887109 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:218-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Françoise Bartiaux Author-X-Name-First: Françoise Author-X-Name-Last: Bartiaux Author-Name: Rosie Day Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Author-X-Name-Last: Day Author-Name: Willy Lahaye Author-X-Name-First: Willy Author-X-Name-Last: Lahaye Title: Energy Poverty as a Restriction of Multiple Capabilities: A Systemic Approach for Belgium Abstract: Energy poverty is a multidimensional issue and the capability approach is fruitful to show how energy-poor households are restricted in many aspects of well-being. With reference to Nussbaum’s Central Capabilities, and based on qualitative interviews, this contribution aims to illustrate how energy-poor people are limited in five capabilities in their daily life and how these restricted capabilities sometimes reinforce each other in vicious circles. The capabilities analysed are related to material property (“Control over one’s material environment”), recreational activities (“Play”), culture (“Senses, imagination and thoughts”), expression and management of emotions (“Emotions”), and to health and adequate nutrition (“Bodily Health”). These five capabilities are chosen for this contribution and analysed in this order because a recent quantitative study for Belgium has shown that the differences in their deployment are the highest between energy-poor households and energy-rich ones. Data for the present contribution are drawn from 60 in-depth interviews with persons in energy poverty that were carried out in 2014–2017 in the three Regions of Belgium. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 270-291 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:270-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anders Melin Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Melin Author-Name: Rosie Day Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Author-X-Name-Last: Day Author-Name: Kirsten E. H. Jenkins Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten E. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins Title: Energy Justice and the Capability Approach—Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 185-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1909546 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1909546 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:185-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafaela Hillerbrand Author-X-Name-First: Rafaela Author-X-Name-Last: Hillerbrand Author-Name: Christine Milchram Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Milchram Author-Name: Jens Schippl Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Schippl Title: Using the Capability Approach as a normative perspective on energy justice: Insights from two case studies on digitalisation in the energy sector Abstract: This paper explores how the Capability Approach (CA) can enrich the concept of energy justice by assessing the impact of two cases of digitalisation in the energy sector. Digitalisation promises technical solutions to pressing challenges in the energy sector such as climate change and fossil fuel scarcity. Current academic and popular discussions of these solutions are dominated by a techno-utopian ideal, which sometimes obscures complex ethical and social challenges. Furthermore, technology assessment in the energy sector often focuses on environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, while issues of energy justice or broader ethical concerns are often a low priority. In this paper, we explore whether Nussbaum’s version of the CA can be used as a systematic approach to the assessment of technological options that helps bring energy justice into the spotlight. Drawing on examples from two different areas of the energy system, namely, smart grids for the electricity sector and autonomous vehicles for the mobility sector, we demonstrate that the CA provides a normative framework that allows for aspects of individual deliberation and as such is well suited as a normative metric for the conception of energy justice in social science. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 336-359 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901672 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:336-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Groves Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Groves Author-Name: Fiona Shirani Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Shirani Author-Name: Nick Pidgeon Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Pidgeon Author-Name: Catherine Cherry Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry Author-Name: Gareth Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Gareth Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Erin Roberts Author-X-Name-First: Erin Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts Author-Name: Karen Henwood Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Henwood Title: A Missing Link? Capabilities, the Ethics of Care and the Relational Context of Energy Justice Abstract: Difficulties experienced in obtaining energy services have been represented as unjust because of how they can prevent people from realising primary human capabilities. Capabilities are relational, being embedded within complex interdependencies between people and socio-material systems. These complexities can cause problems for approaches to energy justice that are based on concepts of welfare rights. We argue that the ethics of care, with its emphasis on relationality as the ground of obligation, and particularly on how social relationships are bound up with power and responsibility, can provide firmer foundations for thinking about energy injustice. Care ethicists distinguish between different forms of dependency, some necessary, others oppressive. Using qualitative longitudinal methods to explore people’s experiences of energy challenges and energy vulnerability can show how power and responsibility within dependency relationships can change over time. With data from a longitudinal study in South Wales, we explore how everyday energy-using practices can become entangled with harmful forms of dependency. We show how the everyday ethical evaluation of these relationship undertaken by participants harmonises with the ethics of care. Our data show the utility of understanding relationships of dependence within the energy system in terms of responsibility and irresponsibility, in order to better understand energy injustice. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 249-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887105 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887105 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:249-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessica van Jaarsveld Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: van Jaarsveld Title: How Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach Values the Environment: Extrinsically But as an End? Abstract: How Nussbaum’s capabilities approach engages with non-human nature is a topic of growing interest, though such work tends to focus on Nussbaum’s proposal to expand her approach to conceive of the flourishing of non-human animals. Less explored but still worth investigating is how her approach, insofar as it applies to humans, relates to the environment. I consequently ask, what kind of value does Nussbaum’s approach, as a conception of human flourishing, ascribe to the natural environment? Though widely assumed to value the natural environment instrumentally, I argue that it is instead plausible, and perhaps even more in keeping with certain commitments of the approach, to see it as valuing the environment extrinsically but as an end. I focus on Nussbaum’s eighth capability, “Other Species,” which refers to living with concern for and in relation to the world of nature, and argue that the value attributed to the environment by this capability may be extrinsically located, but should not be assumed to only be instrumental. By using Christine Korsgaard’s work on distinguishing between different kinds of valuing, I suggest a new way to understand how Nussbaum’s approach values the environment that has not been defended at length before. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 468-485 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1879747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1879747 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:468-485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raffaella Pizzamiglio Author-X-Name-First: Raffaella Author-X-Name-Last: Pizzamiglio Author-Name: Pamela Kovacs Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacs Title: Accelerating Women’s Empowerment Through Legal Empowerment and Social Accountability Strategies Abstract: While legal empowerment (LE) and social accountability (SA) strategies have evolved separately, they share common aims and overriding principles. Both promote human rights and social justice and provide knowledge and skills to individuals and communities to act and seek solutions to problems through grassroots education, mobilisation and empowerment. Further, they help strengthen participatory decision-making and power-sharing between poor and marginalised communities and state authorities. This article reviews the International Development Law Organization’s (IDLO’s) approach in integrating LE and SA strategies for HIV prevention programming among adolescent girls and young women and its promising potential for women’s empowerment. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 517-526 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1890005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1890005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:517-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devin K. Joshi Author-X-Name-First: Devin K. Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Title: Footprints of a Winning Idea: Three Decades of the Human Development Paradigm (1990–2019) Abstract: The rise and fall of international development paradigms has long captured the interest of scholars, but interpreting whether a paradigm is winning or losing depends largely on how we measure its success. In this research note, we contribute to this debate by assessing the influence of development paradigms via comparative bibliometric analysis. Focusing on the human development and capabilities approach (HDCA) promoted by the Human Development Reports (HDRs) of the United Nations, our analysis reveals how the HDCA has emerged to become an influential paradigm of development over the last three decades. As the HDCA has fared impressively well vis-à-vis numerous alternative development paradigms and approaches including Marxism, modernisation theory, dependency theory, “pro-poor growth” and “aid effectiveness,” we conclude that despite being relatively new, the HDCA has become one of the most influential approaches to development in the world today. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 506-516 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1908240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1908240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:506-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Author-Name: Jimena Macció Author-X-Name-First: Jimena Author-X-Name-Last: Macció Title: Using Multidimensional Poverty Measures in Impact Evaluation: Emergency Housing and the “Declustering” of Disadvantage Abstract: During the past two decades, impact evaluation and multidimensional poverty measurement have gained increasing relevance in development practice and research. The objective of this paper is to propose empirical strategies for using the multidimensional poverty measures proposed by Alkire and Foster (2011. “Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement.” Journal of Public Economics 95 (7–8): 476–487) in impact evaluation. The principal argument for taking this approach is that it provides a means for assessing the effects of social programmes on the simultaneous occurrence or joint frequency of deprivations, what Wolff and de-Shalit (2007. Disadvantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press) call the “clustering” of disadvantage. As the interrelation between functionings tends to bind disadvantages together, social programmes that “decluster” disadvantages could produce benefits that go beyond improvements in multiple wellbeing dimensions individually. These strategies are applied to the evaluation of the NGO TECHO’s emergency housing programme in the informal settlements of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results show that the programme produces a large reduction in the simultaneous occurrence of disadvantages. Privacy, interpersonal relations and psychological health are the dimensions that contribute the most to explaining the decline in multidimensional deprivation. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of the results to changes in the criteria used to construct the multidimensional poverty measure. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 379-402 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1847052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1847052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:379-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophie Hickey Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Hickey Title: Talking Back to the Research: Indigenous Wellbeing and Resilience Narratives from Urban Australia Abstract: Resilience is instrumental in understanding the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples in colonised countries. Investigator-driven, quantitative descriptive studies can limit capacity for Indigenous people to “talk back” to the research process with their own perspectives of wellbeing and resilience. A Human Development and Capabilities approach can elicit self-determining definitions of wellbeing. This study presents findings from qualitative life history interviews of the self-defined health trajectories from a group of 11 Indigenous adults living in an Australian urban setting. In contrast to the prevailing deficit discourse, interviewees spoke about their strength and resilience. Common areas of health and wellbeing discussion such as socioeconomic disadvantage, family dysfunction, stress, problematic alcohol use and mental illness became transformed into narratives of never being without, the opportunity for upwards social mobility, the importance of family as positive role models and social support, abstinence, learning from past experiences and coping through challenges. Historical context, intergenerational trauma and racism impact wellbeing, yet are often not measured in large quantitative studies. Findings support affirmative action initiatives to reduce socioeconomic disadvantage to improve wellbeing. Narrative-based capability approaches provide contextualisation to how Indigenous people navigate through significant life events to maintain wellbeing. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 423-445 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1882966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1882966 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:423-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura López-Muñoz Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: López-Muñoz Author-Name: Bert Ingelaere Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Ingelaere Title: Rural Youth’s Capacity to Aspire: What Role for Local Government Actions? Abstract: The capacity to aspire is understood as the capacity to identify and navigate pathways to realise personal ideas of the good life. The constrained capacity to aspire of poor people inhibits their ability to change their circumstances. The questions at the heart of this paper are whether local government plays a role in the development of this capacity and how. We examined these questions through interviews with over 50 young people in a rural municipality in Colombia, where particular development-related strategies are implemented, and found that local government can strengthen the capacity to aspire by creating spaces of participation and assisting access to higher education. However, corruption, unsustainability, discontinuity of programmes, and the disregard of youth preferences constitute hindrances to the capacity to aspire that originate from government action as well. This discussion is developed around the notions of conversion factors, practical reasoning, terms of recognition, and human agency. The paper concludes that the capacity to aspire can be developed by including youth voices in policy planning, which would initiate new levels of interaction with the government that could further change the terms of recognition, and by adopting a political discourse that takes the capacity to aspire seriously. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 403-422 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1845127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1845127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:403-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhaskar Jyoti Neog Author-X-Name-First: Bhaskar Jyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Neog Author-Name: Bimal Kishore Sahoo Author-X-Name-First: Bimal Kishore Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo Title: Defining and Measuring Informality in India Abstract: The present study contributes to the limited literature on the assessment of job quality (JQ) in India. In doing so, it acknowledges the close relationship between JQ, informality and worker wellbeing. We propose an alternative method of defining informality by distinguishing workers based on multiple dimensions of JQ. Our empirical exercise is guided by the capabilities framework as developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, among others. The study uses the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data for the three years 2004–05, 2009–10 and 2011–12. Cluster analysis is used to distinguish workers into good-quality and bad-quality jobs. We also apply the fuzzy set theory to compare the JQ of formal and informal workers under different dimensions. Our results indicate a significant overlap in the trends and determinants of informality under alternative definitions. Further, we find extensive work-based insecurities among the informally employed, especially among specific segments of the population. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 486-505 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1845128 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1845128 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:486-505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ellen Fungisai Chipango Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Fungisai Author-X-Name-Last: Chipango Title: Beyond Utilitarian Economics: A Capability Approach to Energy Poverty and Social Suffering Abstract: This article uses energy poverty and social suffering phenomena to show the inadequacy of utilitarian policy-making that puts primary focus on resource generation and availability as a means of socio-economic development. This approach fails to acknowledge that energy generation can go-hand-in-hand with energy poverty and social suffering. Drawing on empirical qualitative research in Zimbabwe, the article shows how a lack of social and political-economic capabilities contributes to energy poverty, which consequently leads to social suffering. The article draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and then extends the argument through a Foucauldian analysis of power. It concludes that the local people of the region studied are more capability poor than energy poor. The article proposes a sense of capability, or the evaluation of the subjective and enduring experience of capability deprivation resulting from one’s social position, as an important consideration in energy policy. Policy makers should consider wellbeing as a basis for energy policy and the generated data could feed into a wider multidimensional measure of energy poverty that includes not only objective criteria, but associated perceptions as well. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 446-467 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1871594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1871594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:446-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shipra Narang Suri Author-X-Name-First: Shipra Author-X-Name-Last: Narang Suri Author-Name: Martino Miraglia Author-X-Name-First: Martino Author-X-Name-Last: Miraglia Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini Title: Voluntary Local Reviews as Drivers for SDG Localisation and Sustainable Human Development Abstract: If the transformative potential of the Agenda 2030 is to be realised, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have to be fully embraced at the local level. Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) have recently emerged as a powerful tool to localise the SDGs, representing an innovation by and for the cities to advance progress on their local priorities in a participatory, inclusive and transparent manner.Through the capability lens, this paper briefly analyses recent experiences of a range of VLRs, by focusing on four issues. First, VLRs strengthen the innovation of data and measurement frameworks at the local level; second, through participation and inclusion of communities and minorities, VLRs foster transparency and accountability, hence contributing towards (re)building the social contract; third, VLR processes have been widely anchored to the design of new long-term strategic plans for sustainable human development; and, fourth, VLRs contribute to overcome institutional fragmentation and foster multilevel policy coherence towards the SDGs.Our policy insights and recommendations intend contributing to laying the foundation for the next generation of local reviews in line with the core elements of the Capability Approach and the sustainable human development paradigm. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 725-736 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986689 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986689 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:725-736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Title: Editorial: A “Decade for Action” on SDG Localisation Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 706-712 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:706-712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iñaki Permanyer Author-X-Name-First: Iñaki Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer Author-Name: Diederik Boertien Author-X-Name-First: Diederik Author-X-Name-Last: Boertien Title: Global Trends in Education Inequality: 1950–2010 Abstract: We document trends in global education inequality and its between and within-country components using absolute, intermediate and relative inequality measures. Existing studies have relied on converting categorical variables into continuous ones to estimate levels of inequality. Such procedures might not capture recent expansions in the duration of educational programmes. We therefore compiled a database of 1164 datasets with information on years of education from a large set of countries across the world. According to our results, the absolute, intermediate and relative perspectives generate inconsistent narratives about recent trends in education inequality. While relative global inequality and its within- and between-country components have fallen monotonically during the last decades, absolute and intermediate inequality measures of actual years of education suggest that there might be a recent upsurge in global education inequality. Irrespective of the notion of inequality we adhere to, the bulk of global education inequality is explained more and more by variations within countries, with between-country inequality gradually losing ground as a source of variation. These findings suggest that the forces of globalisation are rendering countries increasingly similar among them, and that whether global education inequality actually increments or decrements increasingly depends on what happens within those countries. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 615-646 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1911968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1911968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:615-646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meera Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Meera Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Title: How to Achieve the “Leave No One Behind” Pledge of the SDGs in Newham and Tower Hamlets, East London Abstract: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are intended to make the 17 goals and the 169 targets globally applicable with the necessary contextualisation so as to “leave no one behind” (LNOB). This paper examines how the SDGs can be localised to LNOB in the London boroughs of Newham and Tower Hamlets. These boroughs with one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the country are amongst the high grow boroughs of London but also with one of the highest social and economic deprivations. The research offers insights into how policy framework requires a targeted engagement with marginalised communities. The empowerment of such individuals and communities can in turn enable them to access opportunities that require higher levels of skills in their home boroughs and elsewhere in London. Additionally, the inclusion of cultural norms and practices can further strengthen the process to address the capability deprivations. This approach therefore has wider relevance to achieving the “LNOB” pledge of the SDGs. Globally, in both developed and developing countries, some marginalised communities living with intergenerational deprivations remain untouched by macro-level efforts. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 748-758 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1990228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1990228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:748-758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Flavio Comim Author-X-Name-First: Flavio Author-X-Name-Last: Comim Title: Realising the Demographic Dividend: Policies to Achieve Inclusive Growth in India Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 760-762 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:760-762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Niaz Asadullah Author-X-Name-First: M. Niaz Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah Author-Name: Norma Mansor Author-X-Name-First: Norma Author-X-Name-Last: Mansor Author-Name: Antonio Savoia Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Savoia Title: Understanding a “Development Miracle”: Poverty Reduction and Human Development in Malaysia Since the 1970s Abstract: This paper provides a systematic assessment of the alleged exceptionality of Malaysia’s development progress and its likely explanations, in comparative perspective. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indices of education, health, poverty and gender equality outcomes, we produce evidence based on conditional correlations, offering three findings. First, the results support the hypothesis that Malaysia’s human development progress has been exceptional compared with that of countries with a similar level of economic development, primarily for the period 1970–1990. Next, we show that such progress is associated with a combination of income-mediated and support-led mechanisms, including Malaysia’s early emphasis on education and health inputs and infrastructure development. Finally, we look at long-term roots of its progress, arguing that early advantage in state capacity may be at the origin of Malaysia’s successful implementation of poverty reduction and growth-enhancing policies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 551-576 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1975664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1975664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:551-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yei-Whei Lin Author-X-Name-First: Yei-Whei Author-X-Name-Last: Lin Title: Changing Trends in China’s Inequality: Evidence, Analysis, and Prospects Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 763-764 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:763-764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jay Drydyk Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk Title: Capability and Oppression Abstract: The capability approach focuses on understanding and removing unfreedom, so it is surprising that connections between capability and oppression have been little discussed. I take seven steps towards filling that void. (1) There is an intuitive conceptual connection if we understand “oppression” as being held or confined to low capability levels. (2) Normatively, it is noteworthy that oppressed people are held at low capability levels as a result of the agency of others, even if (as in systemic or structural oppression) this effect is not always intended. (3) Capability research can contribute to explaining and understanding oppression, including systemic or structural oppression, and (4) this research not only allows but invites inquiry into what is distinctive about specific forms of oppression. (5) Why these unfreedoms are pervasive and persistent requires deeper explanations, which have agency foundations: one group contributes causally to reducing the agency freedom of others, whether this reduction is anyone’s purpose or not. (6) Our thinking about what is wrong with oppression must match our understanding of why it is pervasive and persistent; thus (7) recognising oppression as a kind of subjection is essential for understanding what is wrong with systemic oppression. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 527-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1982880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1982880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:527-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Diana Velasco Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Velasco Author-Name: Mahlodi Tau Author-X-Name-First: Mahlodi Author-X-Name-Last: Tau Title: The Role of Transformative Innovation for SDGs Localisation. Insights from the South-African “Living Catchments Project” Abstract: The 2030 Agenda positioned Science, Technology and Innovation as crucial means for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores how a localised South-African policy experiment named the “Living Catchments Project” (LC Project) contributes towards the SDGs. This project is part of a portfolio of experiments to trigger innovation for transformative change in South Africa. The LCP team worked directly with the Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC) researchers adding a transformative layer to the project’s design and implementation. The project embraces uncertainty and complexity by promoting experimentation to inform and facilitate learning processes and changes in people, organisations and institutions. Additionally, we combine the TIP perspective with core concepts of the capability approach: capabilities, agency, democratic deliberation and conversion factors. With this integrated approach, we explore what the capability approach can offer to the LC Project. We conclude with policy recommendations on the potentialities and constraints of the combined TIP- capability approach for achieving the SDGs and conducting transformative innovation experiments. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 737-747 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:737-747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Burchi Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Burchi Author-Name: José Espinoza-Delgado Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Espinoza-Delgado Author-Name: Claudio E. Montenegro Author-X-Name-First: Claudio E. Author-X-Name-Last: Montenegro Author-Name: Nicole Rippin Author-X-Name-First: Nicole Author-X-Name-Last: Rippin Title: An Individual-based Index of Multidimensional Poverty for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Abstract: This paper proposes a new index of multidimensional poverty, called the Global Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index (G-CSPI), which has three interesting features. First, it encompasses three dimensions: decent work, education and access to drinking water and sanitation, which largely overlap with the list of ideal dimensions obtained by expanding the Constitutional Approach, although it does not include direct health measures. Second, it uses a distribution-sensitive measure that can also be decomposed into the three poverty components: incidence, intensity and inequality. Finally, the G-CSPI is an individual-based, rather than household-based index, although restricted to individuals 15–65 years of age. It is thus able to detect intra-household differences in poverty among members within that age-range. To have a full picture of multidimensional poverty at the country level, it should then be complemented by specific poverty measures for children and the elderly. Being centred on individuals and sensitive to inequality, the G-CSPI is coherent with the overarching principle of the 2030 Agenda “leaving no one behind”. Using recent estimates of the G-CSPI for 104 countries, the empirical analysis reveals that the index is highly robust to different specifications, and that, as expected, fragile countries experience the largest levels of poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 682-705 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1964450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1964450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:682-705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anupam Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Anupam Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey Title: Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach and the Relevance of Universality in the Af-Pak Region Abstract: This paper aims to show the relevance and applicability of Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach (MNCA) in feminism to the lives of the women in Afghanistan-Pakistan (Af-Pak) regions who are impacted by war, underdevelopment, entrenched patriarchy and religious fundamentalism and face its deadly repercussions on their daily lives and human rights. Contrary to the reductionist representation of women in these regions in terms of their religio-cultural identity, this article bases itself in their harsh, socio-economic-political reality, history of the cold war, erosion of democratic institutions, war on terror and the rise of militarism and nationalism. Thus, issues of development, specifically, gender gap and human rights need to be brought centre-stage to address the systematic violation of women’s rights. The MNCA, being rooted in the dignity and personhood of each individual, is an indispensable baseline in terms of basic human rights for women in the Af-Pak region. Here, I show how the MNCA does not contradict institutions of family, culture and religion in the region and actually serves to build a bridge between universality and the specific local context. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 597-614 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1954892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1954892 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:597-614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Live Danbolt Drange Author-X-Name-First: Live Danbolt Author-X-Name-Last: Drange Title: Indigenous Peoples and Rights to Land and Water in 2019: How do Countries that Have Ratified the ILO-convention 169 Comply? Abstract: In 2019, the International Labour Organization (ILO), celebrated its 100th anniversary and 30 years since it in 1989 adopted the Convention Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, C169. C169 lays the foundation for a model for a relationship among indigenous peoples and the nation-state in which they live. It defines territorial areas of indigenous peoples and gives them the right to be heard before governments implement measures. C169 is a central instrument in the progress of acknowledging indigenous rights and including them in national laws. The first country to ratify C169 was Norway, followed by Bolivia and Ecuador. These countries have implemented C169 in their legislation. The high-income country Norway and the Andean countries are distinct in many ways. Sámi and the Indigenous peoples of the Amazon still have shared experiences with the nation-state and rights to land and water. With relevant examples from Bolivia, Ecuador and Norway, the article will examine the significance of C169 when the interests of indigenous peoples are conflicting with the nation-state’s interests. It will look into the role of the conventions when conflicts arise. What challenges do nation-states meet in the obligation to secure indigenous peoples' right to live a good life enjoying substantive freedoms as is the main focus in the capability approach? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 577-596 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1953965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1953965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:577-596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Shaffer Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Shaffer Title: Dimensions of Poverty: Measurement, Epistemic Injustices, Activism Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 759-760 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:759-760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nozomi Sakata Author-X-Name-First: Nozomi Author-X-Name-Last: Sakata Title: Capability Approach to Valued Pedagogical Practices in Tanzania: An Alternative to Learner-Centred Pedagogy? Abstract: Pedagogy significantly affects children’s learning and growth, but appropriate pedagogy in the Global South is still under-theorised and lacks empirical evidence. With the aim of proposing pedagogical approaches alternative to the dominant framework – the ‘learner-centred pedagogy’ currently implemented by international donors in a top-down manner – this research has explored locally-relevant pedagogy through a bottom-up process. By applying the capability approach, it has examined achievements and pedagogy valued by primary teachers in Tanzania. The analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews applied the critical realist concept of the ‘four-planar social being’. This revealed the hegemonic power dynamics between the international, national and local players as well as those between the researcher and researched, plausibly shaping the teachers’ valued pedagogies. The effort undertaken to appreciate people’s values could intensify the ideological colonisation through pedagogy that learner-centred pedagogy has inherently imposed on the Global South. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 663-681 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1882409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1882409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:663-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edgardo Bilsky Author-X-Name-First: Edgardo Author-X-Name-Last: Bilsky Author-Name: Anna Calvete Moreno Author-X-Name-First: Anna Calvete Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno Author-Name: Ainara Fernández Tortosa Author-X-Name-First: Ainara Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández Tortosa Title: Local Governments and SDG Localisation: Reshaping Multilevel Governance from the Bottom up Abstract: As acknowledged in the literature on Sustainable Human Development, the involvement of local levels of government in delivering the SDGs is an important issue and one that needs to be examined also through the capability approach. Through an analysis of the current state and evolution of the SDG localisation movement, and even in the response to the COVID-19 crisis, the paper identifies entry points that can be leveraged to enhance institutional capabilities to deliver sustainable development. Indeed, the SDG localisation movement is expanding in almost all regions, showing an increasing polysemy of meanings and modalities for local governments and stakeholders. The movement has witnessed valuable progress with the expansion of Voluntary Local and Subnational Reviews (VLRs and VSRs respectively), the transformation of limited consultative approaches into an enhanced involvement of a plurality of actors, including citizen participation, and the evolution from restricted spaces for dialogue to ambitious multilevel governance arrangements and multistakeholder co-creation efforts that, following the capability approach, recognise the diversity of abilities. These improvements have fostered local ownership and catalysed opportunities for joint achievements. After all, local governments, as the level of government closest to the population, are best placed to respond to their needs and priorities, and to leverage their collective capabilities and agency to develop common pathways using the SDGs as enablers of change. All these efforts promote the production of collective knowledge which can progressively transform local institutions and support the evolution of multilevel governance processes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 713-724 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:713-724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Isaac Fox Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Title: The Freedom-based Critique of Well-Being’s Exclusive Moral Claim Abstract: Amartya Sen has suggested that the moral significance of freedom undermines the view that well-being alone possesses fundamental moral worth. Sen’s efforts to establish this claim, however, seem to fall short: he attempts to establish freedom’s independent moral significance by pointing to the value of autonomy, but explains the value of autonomy in terms of its role as an element of well-being. Nonetheless, I take it that Sen is very much on the right track: well-being is not the only fundamental moral value, and an examination of freedom’s moral significance really will bring this out. I thus offer my own version of the freedom-based critique of well-being’s exclusive moral claim, focusing not on autonomy but what Sen has called “well-being freedom.” The value of this variety of freedom derives, I will suggest, not from the value of well-being itself but the value of well-being potential. Well-being freedom matters not only because promoting it is a way of promoting human well-being, but also because respecting it is a way of respecting the dignity of human nature. The freedom-based critique of well-being’s moral uniqueness succeeds even if Sen’s particular version of it does not. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 647-662 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1966612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1966612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:647-662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Soliman Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud Author-X-Name-Last: Soliman Author-Name: Laura Sulin Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Sulin Author-Name: Ecem Karlıdağ-Dennis Author-X-Name-First: Ecem Author-X-Name-Last: Karlıdağ-Dennis Title: Building Capabilities of Youth Through Participatory Oral History Project: The South Hebron Hills, a Palestinian Case Study Abstract: Drawing from the capabilities approach (Sen 1999; Nussbaum 2000) and reflecting on Fricker’s (2007) epistemic (in)justice, this paper seeks to explain how a participatory oral history project enabled youth researchers in Palestine to increase their capabilities to participate in political and social life in their communities by fostering their attachment to the land and by increasing understanding of their cultural heritage. Due to the occupation, Palestinian youth researchers have been exposed to epistemic inequalities. They have been systematically prevented from exercising their political functionings; they cannot voice their ideas on freedom, heritage and land. Findings show that through participatory research, the youth researchers took an active role in their communities to cultivate their epistemic abilities to be the narrators of their own stories and to create public advocacy. Whilst acknowledging the intersectional power dynamics and oppression that govern their lives, the paper explores the possibility of participatory research in redressing epistemic injustices caused by structural inequalities and in disrupting colonial relations of domination. The research indicates that even in politically fragile contexts, participatory research can promote critical reflection, challenge the social imaginaries stigmatising the youth, and provide opportunities to develop political capabilities for social and public advocacy. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 116-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2019690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2019690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:116-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monique Leivas Vargas Author-X-Name-First: Monique Author-X-Name-Last: Leivas Vargas Author-Name: Marta Maicas-Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Maicas-Pérez Author-Name: Carmen Monge Hernández Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Monge Hernández Author-Name: Álvaro Fernández-Baldor Author-X-Name-First: Álvaro Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Baldor Title: “They Take Away What We Are”: Contributions of a Participatory Process with Photovoice to the Capabilities for Epistemic Liberation of Young People Abstract: Young people have historically been marginalised and excluded from decision-making related to city life and territorial planning. Relegated to exercising a passive role until the reach of the legal age, young people suffer oppressions that can occur from a banking education perspective at secondary education. Using the Freirian approach to liberating education, we identify four oppressions that can occur at a structural level and in the communicative interactions between students and teachers: ontological, epistemic – expressive and interpretive – and epistemological oppressions. In this article, we analyse a photovoice experience “They take away what we are” developed with 27 young high school students’ at the city of Valencia, Spain. This participatory process has strengthened the four capabilities for the epistemic liberation of the students: the capability to be and recognise oneself as a producer of valid knowledge; the capability to do from teamwork, in the neighbourhood and with the people who inhabit it; the capability to learn from different local and global knowledge; and the capability to transform space through collective action. This photovoice experience has raised the voices of youth about what they want to be, the life they want to live and the territories they dream of inhabiting. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 50-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2005555 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2005555 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:50-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Author-Name: Carmen Martinez-Vargas Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Vargas Author-Name: Melis Cin Author-X-Name-First: Melis Author-X-Name-Last: Cin Title: An Epistemological Break: Redefining Participatory Research in Capabilitarian Scholarship Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-7 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2019987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2019987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko Author-Name: Aimee Dastin Author-X-Name-First: Aimee Author-X-Name-Last: Dastin Author-Name: Maddy Merrill Author-X-Name-First: Maddy Author-X-Name-Last: Merrill Author-Name: Roma Sheth Author-X-Name-First: Roma Author-X-Name-Last: Sheth Title: Marginalised Youth Activism: Peer-Engaged Research and Epistemic Justice Abstract: Marginalised peoples, especially marginalised youth, are among those least able to exercise their rights to participate in processes of social change that affect them, to be heard and understood, to be accepted as authentic knowers and to share in the co-creation of political awareness and social knowledge, a condition Miranda Fricker has labelled epistemic injustice. Yet, in many societies, youth are uniting to demand to be heard and to claim their right to participate in the creation of political and social change at home and globally. Based on 25 interviews in 10 countries, we examine the experience of marginalised youth activists as it relates to epistemic injustice. Next, we canvas the capabilities needed for epistemic justice in activism. We then discuss both the processes we undertook to identify and connect with young activists and the unexpected learning we derived from this endeavour as well as the potential of peer-engaged research (PER) in reducing epistemic injustice in scholarship. This leads us to udentify six capabilities important for peer researchers. We conclude by making the case that PER has the potential to be a valuable tool for enhancing the work of grassroots activists as well as the authenticity of university-based research. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 136-156 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2019691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2019691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:136-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayhan Kaya Author-X-Name-First: Ayhan Author-X-Name-Last: Kaya Author-Name: Ayşenur Benevento Author-X-Name-First: Ayşenur Author-X-Name-Last: Benevento Title: Epistemic Justice as a Political Capability of Radicalised Youth in Europe: A Case of Knowledge Production with Local Researchers Abstract: This article has sought to explain a research process where a senior researcher felt the need to form an alliance with local researchers in order to enable more authentic research with marginalised youngsters. The aim of this paper is to suggest a useful model demonstrating the focal role of the primary investigator in creating an inclusive and participatory setting to produce knowledge challenging epistemic injustices. By cooperating with novice researchers in the countries we study, our methodology recognised and fostered their epistemic agency. As knowledge mediators, they helped us access many self-identified Muslim youth and native youths who are labelled as far-right in Europe. In addition to emphasising the relevance of local setting in knowledge production, the paper will also question the epistemic injustice that these youngsters have been exposed to. Both groups have been clustered in two distinct categories by previous research that has been overwhelmingly engaged in the civilisational discourse that sets these groups apart in two culturally, religiously and civilisationally defined boxes. We believe that our participatory commitment to producing high-quality knowledge will be helpful in the scientific consideration of socio-economically, politically, spatially, and nostalgically deprived youths, who feel pressurised by the perils of modernisation and globalisation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 73-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2004096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2004096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:73-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charlotte Nussey Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte Author-X-Name-Last: Nussey Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Apsan Author-X-Name-Last: Frediani Author-Name: Rosiana Lagi Author-X-Name-First: Rosiana Author-X-Name-Last: Lagi Author-Name: Janaína Mazutti Author-X-Name-First: Janaína Author-X-Name-Last: Mazutti Author-Name: Jackline Nyerere Author-X-Name-First: Jackline Author-X-Name-Last: Nyerere Title: Building University Capabilities to Respond to Climate Change Through Participatory Action Research: Towards a Comparative Analytical Framework Abstract: This paper aims to explore how the principles of participatory action research (PAR) articulate with questions of climate justice. Drawing on three qualitative case studies in Brazil, Fiji and Kenya, the paper explores university institutional capabilities, asking how the principles of mobilising PAR to support transformative outcomes can further climate justice. The paper argues that for participatory action research to become a pathway to build universities’ capabilities, key considerations are needed. PAR needs to: (a) move beyond change in individual behaviour to respond to climate change and affect institutional norms, procedures and practices; (b) recognise and partner with marginalised groups whose voice and experiences are at the periphery of climate debate, enabling reciprocal flows of impact and knowledge between universities and wider societies; and (c) foster “relationships of equivalence” with actors within as well as outside university to influence university governance and wider climate-related policy-making processes. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 95-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:95-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Astrid V. Pérez Piñán Author-X-Name-First: Astrid V. Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Piñán Author-Name: Hadley Friedland Author-X-Name-First: Hadley Author-X-Name-Last: Friedland Author-Name: Judith Sayers Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Sayers Author-Name: Matt Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Title: Reclaiming Indigenous Economic Development Through Participatory Action Research Abstract: Participatory, gender-sensitive processes are hailed as valuable in ensuring community perspectives shape economic development planning: to assess community needs, aspirations and to identify indicators of development based on local perspectives. In Indigenous communities, such processes may not always be taken up due to research and consultation fatigue or plain scepticism. Women are often silent or less outspoken in public settings, and dominant perspectives tend to occupy most of the space and time allocated to participatory processes. This can lead to distorted understandings of community voices and inadvertently preserve the gendered status quo. A case study based on the community engagement approach taken in partnership with the government of the Toquaht Nation, on Vancouver Island endeavoured in a gender-sensitive consultation process to develop a value-based decision support system for economic development activities. The article details the use of the “Making Connections” method to facilitate discussions about economic development through Toquaht women’s circles. “Making Connections” is a tool to identify and build place-based, people-centred visions and indicators of economic development for community well-being. Based on James Tully’s work on actions for and of freedom, the article introduces this new method as a framework for cooperative community discussions in ways that allow for naming past and current histories of discrimination and disconnection, while honouring people’s strengths, resistance and resilience. The themes and concerns emerging from the women’s circles speak of a richer and more expansive notion of economic development that puts comprehensive well-being at the heart of economic development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 30-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2009449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2009449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:30-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmen Martinez-Vargas Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Vargas Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: F. Melis Cin Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Melis Cin Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Title: A Capabilitarian Participatory Paradigm: Methods, Methodologies and Cosmological Issues and Possibilities Abstract: Meaningful participation of people as agents in development practice has been a central concern in capabilitarian scholarship and of Amartya Sen's own work, as a valuable freedom and functioning in itself. Yet, there has been limited attention until now about knowledge generation processes and who is fully included, despite a growing body of literature arguing for pluriversality and decolonial approaches against historical and geographical inequalities at many levels. The paper proposes that capabilitarian scholarship could be enriched by considering a pluriverse of methodological perspectives, building on the work already undertaken but taking it further to create multi-epistemic conversations. This paper explores why the methodological and cosmological – onto-epistemological – unexplored areas of participatory research in capabilitarian scholarship should be embedded in our research culture and practice for more inclusive, decolonial, methodologically challenging empirical strategies (beyond methods and methodologies) that will place those situated at the margins of epistemic divisions and conflicts in the centre of knowledge production and debates. To this end and adding to the debates, the paper first considers participatory projects reported on in the journal before presenting an original framing of a capabilitarian participatory paradigm. The paper further proposes some principles that underpin its operationalisation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 8-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2013173 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2013173 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:8-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hartley Dean Author-X-Name-First: Hartley Author-X-Name-Last: Dean Title: Basic Income: A History Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 157-158 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.1996654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.1996654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:157-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko Title: Participatory Research, Capabilities and Epistemic Justice: A Transformative Agenda for Higher Education Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 158-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2009629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2009629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:158-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Norunn Hornset Author-X-Name-First: Norunn Author-X-Name-Last: Hornset Author-Name: Indra de Soysa Author-X-Name-First: Indra Author-X-Name-Last: de Soysa Title: Does Empowering Women in Politics Boost Human Development? An Empirical Analysis, 1960–2018 Abstract: Does the political empowerment of women increase human development? Using equality of access to schooling and health as indicators of pro-poor development policy and objective measures of female school completion and child mortality under the age of five as measures of human capital development, pooled ordinary least square (OLS) fixed effects regressions show robustly that the political empowerment of women associates positively with higher human capital. These results are statistically significant and substantively large, and the effects of gender empowerment trump those of democracy and good governance. Since the political empowerment of women is driven by structural conditions underlying democracy and economic development, the independent effect of gender empowerment relative to effects of democracy and institutional quality suggests a powerful role for the former. Interactions between gender empowerment and factors associated with higher child mortality; namely, strict autocracy and the Middle East and North Africa region, suggest that empowerment conditions these known adverse factors in the direction of lower child mortality. For addressing endogeneity, we use 10- and 20-year lagged values of gender empowerment as instruments for current empowerment, which pass both instrument relevance and instrument exclusion criteria. Two-stage least square regressions confirm our basic results. While the causal effects of gender empowerment remain somewhat speculative, a barrage of tests on our data suggests a powerful role for gender empowerment for increasing human capital. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 291-318 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1953450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1953450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:291-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash Title: On “Consequentialism” and the Capability Approach Abstract: Amartya Sen defends the capability approach (CA) and the “discipline of consequential evaluation” which suggests that his CA is consistent with some form of “consequentialism”. Yet prominent commentators suggest or imply that Sen’s CA is not “consequentialist”. The resulting confusion is defused by showing that whether Sen’s CA, as a general normative perspective, is consistent with “consequentialism” depends on how “consequentialism” is understood. If “consequentialism” is understood as a moral doctrine, then the CA is not committed to either “consequentialism” or “non-consequentialism”. On a social choice theoretic (SCT) definition a normative framework or view is “consequentialist” if it restricts relevant information to “outcomes”. On this definition, whether the CA is compatible with “consequentialism” depends on whether “outcomes” are understood as “comprehensive” or “culmination” outcomes. Two varieties of “non-welfarist consequentialist” moral theory which restrict information respectively to capability and freedom are compared. Martha Nussbaum’s version of the CA is not a “non-welfarist consequentialist” theory of this sort because it is not a moral doctrine with a maximizing structure. It may, nonetheless, classify as “consequentialist” on the SCT definition if all valued objects in her approach can be included in the description of “outcomes”. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 161-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1951185 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951185 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:161-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernande W. Pool Author-X-Name-First: Fernande W. Author-X-Name-Last: Pool Title: “Rooted” Freedom, “Deep Respect”: Living a Life Worthy of Dignity as a Muslim Woman in the Netherlands Abstract: This research reveals perspectives on and experiences of human flourishing amongst devout Muslim women with an immigrant background in the Netherlands. The aim is to assess what this tells us about worthwhile development generally in a multi-cultural Western country, while drawing comparisons with previous research in India. Following Nussbaum’s capabilities approach, I asked 39 women: what are the basic requirements for a life worthy of dignity? Freedom and respect stood out on their lists of essential requirements. I explore the meaning and content of freedom and respect as conveyed by the women. The kind of freedom they intend is foremost freedom of religion, which is at once broader and narrower than religious freedom as constitutionally enshrined. Broader, because it is an all-encompassing freedom to live by a system of meaning. Narrower, because it refers to a relational, “rooted” freedom. Yet even where religious freedom is institutionally guaranteed, everyday encounters between citizens can crucially impact on the experience of dignity. Therefore, the second essential element is respect. The kind of respect necessary for a life worthy of dignity is not a superficial toleration but “deep respect.” Finally, I explore the possible difficulties in a liberal society for securing “deep respect”. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 270-290 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1909545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1909545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:270-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lena Morgon Banks Author-X-Name-First: Lena Morgon Author-X-Name-Last: Banks Author-Name: Shaffa Hameed Author-X-Name-First: Shaffa Author-X-Name-Last: Hameed Author-Name: Ola Abu Alghaib Author-X-Name-First: Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Abu Alghaib Author-Name: Emily Nyariki Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Nyariki Author-Name: Joyce Olenja Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Olenja Author-Name: Umma Kulsum Author-X-Name-First: Umma Author-X-Name-Last: Kulsum Author-Name: Rafiul Karim Author-X-Name-First: Rafiul Author-X-Name-Last: Karim Author-Name: Tom Shakespeare Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Shakespeare Title: “It Is Too Much for Us”: Direct and Indirect Costs of Disability Amongst Working-Aged People with Disabilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: Globally, people with disabilities face a heightened risk of poverty. Drivers of poverty include exclusion from work and other livelihood activities (indirect costs) and disability-related direct costs – such as for rehabilitation, personal assistance and assistive devices – that are required for participation and functioning. This research explores sources of direct and indirect costs, their impact and mitigation strategies using 42 in-depth interviews with working-aged people with disabilities in Nairobi, Kenya and Dhaka, Bangladesh. This research finds that people with disabilities and their households face high direct costs, such as for healthcare, assistive devices, transportation and accommodations at school and work, and indirect costs, such as un- and underemployment and lower salaries when working. Many direct costs were unmet, or covered through out-of-pocket spending, although social protection in Kenya was also an important strategy. Unmet direct costs frequently led to higher future indirect costs. Direct and indirect costs could cause financial strain, decreased participation, health and wellbeing, particularly when unaddressed. Challenges mitigating costs included not just insufficient income, but also lack of decision-making power within the household and insufficient information on and poor availability of needed goods, services and opportunities – factors which should be considered in the design of interventions. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 228-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1932774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1932774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:228-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harshavardhan Jatkar Author-X-Name-First: Harshavardhan Author-X-Name-Last: Jatkar Title: Involving Anthroponomy in the Anthropocene: On Decoloniality Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 321-323 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:321-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nico Brando Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Brando Title: Voice, Choice, and Action: The Potential of Young Citizens to Heal Democracy Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 319-321 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:319-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Antonio Ignacio González Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Antonio Ignacio Author-X-Name-Last: González Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Author-Name: Silvia London Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: London Title: Multidimensional Poverty and Natural Disasters in Argentina (1970–2010) Abstract: This paper studies the effect of multiple natural disasters occurred in the different districts of Argentina between 1970 and 2010 on their multidimensional poverty, as measured by a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) comprising five core dimensions of well-being: housing, basic services, standard of living, education and employment. The paper uses household microdata of the last census, and natural disasters registry from the DesInventar database. We find that natural disasters significantly increase the MPI and, while the magnitude of the impact found is moderate, effects are persistent, especially in dimensions related to infrastructure and long-term investments. We find that on average, extensive disasters are more harmful than intensive ones, although the latter do have significant impacts on sanitation infrastructure. We also find that hydrological disasters are the ones with significant impact. Finally, natural disasters have greater effect on the poorer districts of the country, corresponding to the northeast region. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 206-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1910220 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1910220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:206-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heather Sauyaq Jean Gordon Author-X-Name-First: Heather Sauyaq Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon Author-Name: Ranjan Datta Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Datta Title: Indigenous Communities Defining and Utilising Self-determination as an Individual and Collective Capability Abstract: International law establishes who has rights to self-determination and outlines the rights of Indigenous people through the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Many countries who are United Nations members, such as those of our case studies, have not made changes to their laws to implement UNDRIP. This affects how Indigenous peoples can engage in capabilities for self-determination for their wellbeing. Drawing from methods that are adapted to be in alliance with Indigenous methodologies through utilising Indigenous relational theoretical frameworks, we present two case studies, one in the U.S. that used ethnographic futures research and one in Bangladesh that used participatory action research. Our paper critically discusses: (1) how the capability approach relates to Indigenous self-determination and wellbeing, (2) how colonisation affects the ability of Indigenous people to engage in capabilities for self-determination, (3) how Indigenous people define and utilise self-determination as an individual and collective capability for their wellbeing, and (4) how unfreedoms restrict Indigenous people from utilising the capabilities for self-determination. We hope that this paper will contribute to broadening the capability approach to be able to engage more fully with Indigenous peoples. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 182-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1966613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1966613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:182-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Wiebesiek Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebesiek Title: Teaching Quality of Life in Different Domains Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 323-325 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:323-325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christophe R. Quétel Author-X-Name-First: Christophe R. Author-X-Name-Last: Quétel Author-Name: Guy Bordin Author-X-Name-First: Guy Author-X-Name-Last: Bordin Author-Name: Alexandre Abreu Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Author-X-Name-Last: Abreu Author-Name: Ilektra Lemi Author-X-Name-First: Ilektra Author-X-Name-Last: Lemi Author-Name: Carlos Sangreman Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Sangreman Title: On the Nature and Determinants of Poor Households’ Resilience in Fragility Contexts Abstract: Several global policy frameworks focus on managing (risks of) disasters affecting broad populations. In those frameworks resilience is a conceptualisation that possibly has important ideological implications. It is often opposed to fragility, and used to validate the notion of recurring insecurity, promote individual adaptability almost in the form of an obligation, and push the idea that crises/catastrophes are opportunities for profound changes. While effects from the COVID-19 pandemic have brought the protective role of the state to the fore, applying the word resilience to poor people requires clarification, especially in contexts of weak state public services and because assessment of complex poverty situations too often remains oversimplified and error-prone. We argue that to build capacity for resilience poor households need policies that protect and help them out of poverty, and that policy-making processes require engagement with people. Individuals must be asked about their perceptions and management of risks and threats, both in daily life and under exceptional circumstances, especially if the resulting stress factors accumulate and interact. This socially informed, place-specific, and multi-level approach could contribute substantially to identifying interventions, reducing poverty and poverty related risks, enhancing well-being and promoting development and cooperation programmes that meet people’s expectations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 252-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1929102 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1929102 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:252-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2089450_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: S. R. Osmani Author-X-Name-First: S. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani Title: The creative wealth of nations: can the arts advance development? Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 502-504 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:502-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_1951186_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Nicolas Bueno Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno Title: From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy Abstract: What makes work useful, on what grounds and for whom? Classical economists distinguished between productive and unproductive labour. They focused primarily on productive labour and its ability to generate wealth for the economy as a whole, which influences why economic policies currently prioritize economically productive work over other forms of work. After reviewing the relationships between work and capabilities in the capability approach, this article addresses the individual and collective impacts of work on capabilities. It introduces a more complex and human-centred distinction between capability-enhancing and capability-reducing work. Finally, it proposes a capability-informed labour policy and designs new rights to assist in better aligning individually and socially capability-enhancing work. It shows how this policy has the potential to free from the economic need to work. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 354-372 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:354-372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2089451_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: War: How Conflict Shaped Us Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 501-502 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:501-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2089452_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Paola Velasco-Herrejón Author-X-Name-First: Paola Author-X-Name-Last: Velasco-Herrejón Title: Sustainability, Capabilities and Human Security Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 504-506 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089452 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:504-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2014426_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Lee Mackenzie Author-X-Name-First: Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Mackenzie Title: Theorising English as a Linguistic Capability: A Look at the Experiences of Economically Disadvantaged Higher Education Students in Colombia Abstract: The current study used the capability approach (CA) to explore the English learning experiences of 10 economically vulnerable higher education (HE) students in Colombia in order to better conceptualise English from a capability perspective. In doing so, this paper builds on the empirical and theoretical work of capability scholars which has looked at the role of English in educational settings. It highlights the importance of viewing linguistic capabilities as inchoative since viewing them as fully formed can obscure injustices. These injustices can include poor quality English language education (ELE), an unfavourable financial situation, and a lack of opportunities for exposure to and practice of English. This last-mentioned injustice foregrounds another important dimension of linguistic capabilities: their inter-subjective, relational nature. To aid in this conceptualisation, the paper also draws on Phillipson’s [1992. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press] theory of linguistic imperialism to better illustrate how English is implicated in asymmetrical power relations which give rise to oppression and domination. However, this paper also shows how some injustices can be navigated by educationally resilient individuals. The findings of this thesis are therefore of interest not only to language policy experts and other language education stakeholders in developing contexts, but also to capability scholars. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 477-500 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:477-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_1985440_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Lars Leemann Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Leemann Author-Name: Tuija Martelin Author-X-Name-First: Tuija Author-X-Name-Last: Martelin Author-Name: Seppo Koskinen Author-X-Name-First: Seppo Author-X-Name-Last: Koskinen Author-Name: Tommi Härkänen Author-X-Name-First: Tommi Author-X-Name-Last: Härkänen Author-Name: Anna-Maria Isola Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Isola Title: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale Abstract: In recent years, a growing body of literature on social inclusion on an individual level has emerged. Yet, there is no common understanding of the concept itself and how to measure it. The objective of this study was to document the development of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale (ESIS), including the theoretical framework used for this purpose, which draws strongly on the capability approach. The ESIS is a brief closed survey instrument to assess self-reported experiences of social inclusion, and the aim was to evaluate its psychometric properties. The sample used for this consisted of 847 adults aged 18–87 years from all over Finland, most of them affected by or at immediate risk of social exclusion. The results indicated good internal reliability and consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analyses suggested a one-dimensional factor structure for the ten items of the ESIS. The mean score on the ESIS was not statistically significantly different between male and female respondents, whereas a weak positive association with age and statistically significant differences for experiences of poverty were found. Analyses for convergent validity showed that the ESIS was statistically significantly associated with instruments measuring related concepts. All correlations were in the expected direction and rather substantial in magnitude but did not indicate that the same construct was being measured (r = .409 to r = .678). These promising results indicate a broad applicability of the ESIS in self-administered questionnaires, and its use in future research is encouraged. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 400-424 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:400-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2008886_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Michele Capriati Author-X-Name-First: Michele Author-X-Name-Last: Capriati Title: Capabilities, Innovation and Economic Growth in EU Regions Abstract: This article discusses the links between human development, innovation and economic growth. After a brief theoretical preamble, I present a framework bringing together the relationships between those processes in a circular causation diagram. I then examine these relationships using data on 266 European regions covering the period 2000–2015. I test two econometric models: one based on panel (3SLS), the other on spatial analysis (SAR). The first helps me explore, in more detail, the relationship between innovation, human development and income. The results indicate a mutually reinforcing relationship between them. The associations between human development and innovation, and GDP and innovation are found to be particularly strong. The spatial analysis further confirms the existence of virtuous circles and the presence of spatial interrelationships, both in terms of spillover and feedback effects. Consequently, I argue, these variables should be promoted simultaneously. I highlight two points that seem especially worthy of being developed in future work: the importance of setting human development as the ultimate goal of innovation policy, and the need to formulate macroeconomic policies fostering innovation and human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 373-399 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2008886 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2008886 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:373-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2008885_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Philip Kinghorn Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Kinghorn Author-Name: Alastair Canaway Author-X-Name-First: Alastair Author-X-Name-Last: Canaway Author-Name: Cara Bailey Author-X-Name-First: Cara Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Hareth Al-Janabi Author-X-Name-First: Hareth Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Janabi Author-Name: Joanna Coast Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Coast Title: A Deliberative Approach to Valuing Capabilities: Assessing and Valuing Changes in the Well-Being of those Close to Patients Receiving Supportive End of Life Care Abstract: Aim: Explore the use of deliberative valuation to elicit relative weights for a set of capabilities identified as being important and relevant to those close to patients receiving supportive care at the end of life. Methods: Focus groups, involving the general UK population (n = 38) and policy-makers (n = 29) with experience of, and influence on, priorities for end of life care. Public participants completed two valuation tasks (budget pie and visual analogue scale (VAS)) individually, discussed their responses, and then recorded a final (individual) response. Policy-makers completed the VAS tasks in a separate series of focus groups. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of participants’ responses are reported. Results: Individual values were aggregated to form relative weights for the capabilities. Capabilities given greatest weighting were “good communication between care providers and close persons” and “practical support for close persons”. The quantitative impact of deliberation on weights overall was negligible, but qualitative findings indicated that disclosure of personal experiences did appear to prompt others to consider issues from new perspectives. Discussion: Deliberative valuation was found to be a potentially feasible method for generating weights. However, further consideration needs to be given as to how to optimise recruitment whilst ensuring that participants actively engage with the task. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 455-476 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2008885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2008885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:455-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2014424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Heath Henderson Author-X-Name-First: Heath Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson Title: The Moral Foundations of Impact Evaluation Abstract: Impact evaluation has become increasingly central to evidence-based social policy, particularly in the field of international development. While the act of evaluation requires numerous ethical decisions (e.g. regarding the problems to investigate, the tools of investigation, and the interpretation of results), the normative framework for such decisions is generally implicit, undermining our ability to fully scrutinise the evidence base. I argue that the moral foundation of impact evaluation is best viewed as utilitarian in the sense that it meets the three elementary requirements of utilitarianism: welfarism, sum-ranking, and consequentialism. I further argue that the utilitarian approach is subject to a number of important limitations, including distributional indifference, the neglect of non-utility concerns, and an orientation toward subjective states. In light of these issues, I outline an alternative framework for impact evaluation that has its moral basis in the capabilities approach. I argue that capabilitarian impact evaluation not only addresses many of the issues associated with utilitarian methods, but can also be viewed as a more general approach to impact evaluation. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 425-454 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:425-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2053506_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Jasper Ubels Author-X-Name-First: Jasper Author-X-Name-Last: Ubels Author-Name: Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte Author-X-Name-First: Karla Author-X-Name-Last: Hernandez-Villafuerte Author-Name: Michael Schlander Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Schlander Title: The Value of Freedom: A Review of the Current Developments and Conceptual Issues in the Measurement of Capability Abstract: In health economics, proponents of the capability approach argue that the value of health improvements should be evaluated us broad domains which reflect the capabilities of an individual. Instruments have been developed to measure these domains. These instruments operationalise the measurement of capability in different ways. The objective of this study is to analyze specifically how instruments operationalise the capability approach.Using a comprehensive pearl growing search methodology, we identified ten instruments. The content of these instruments was analysed in three stages. First, the definition of capability that was used for the development of an instrument was identified. Then, an analysis was conducted on how this definition was operationalised in the instrument’s development. Lastly, the content of the instruments was compared with the concept “option freedom”, which provides a more comprehensive definition of capability, to study whether the instruments measure capability or other aspects that are relevant for wellbeing assessment.We conclude that, despite using a shared definition of capability, the instruments differ in their methods to measure capability. Some instruments might miss content that reflect the burdens that people experience while achieving their capabilities in certain contexts. This might be due to the unclear conceptualisation of capability by Sen. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 327-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2053506 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2053506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:327-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2089453_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188 Author-Name: Smriti Walia Author-X-Name-First: Smriti Author-X-Name-Last: Walia Title: Reviving jobs: an agenda for growth Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 506-507 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:506-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2014425_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Elaine Agyemang Tontoh Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Agyemang Author-X-Name-Last: Tontoh Title: The Triple Day Thesis: Theorising Motherhood as a Capability and a Capability Suppressor Within Martha Nussbaum’s Feminist Philosophical Capability Theory Abstract: The theorising of motherhood as a capability and a capability suppressor is critical to emancipatory discourse and practice within human development and to addressing through public policy, social injustice against women due to their role as mothers. I conceptualise motherhood as a combined reproductive capability that gives women the capability to function as mothers. Generally, by capability suppression, I mean features of a person’s present capability that are likely to limit other current or potential capabilities of that person to function – suppressive functioning – while those same features simultaneously play a fertile role in promoting the capabilities or functionings of others – fertile functioning. Maternal capability suppression is therefore the limitation of a mother’s capabilities to function due to the instrumental role of childrearing. A mother’s lack of freedom to engage in the triple day of self-reproduction due to maternal capability suppression explains the triple day problem. To address the triple day problem, the paper draws on Martha Nussbaum’s capability theory of social justice to develop and explain the specific tragic conflict of capability suppression inherent in motherhood. The paper further proposes motherhood compensation as a complement to Nussbaum’s fair-bargain approach of promoting childcare and economic options. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 593-610 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:593-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2137655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Annette A. LaRocco Author-X-Name-First: Annette A. Author-X-Name-Last: LaRocco Title: The Violence of Conservation in Africa: State, Militarization and Alternatives Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 639-640 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2137655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2137655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:639-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2023486_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leif Andreassen Author-X-Name-First: Leif Author-X-Name-Last: Andreassen Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso Author-Name: Anna Maccagnan Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Maccagnan Title: Do Men Care? Estimating Men’s Preferences for Spending Time with Their Children Abstract: Is the time men use on childcare and household work the result of preferences or cultural, institutional and economic constraints? Can such constraints be measured when we only observe men’s choices (functionings) but not their capabilities? Using a random utility model together with stochastic specifications of the probability of having different capabilities, this paper shows that it is possible to distinguish between preferences and capabilities. Utilising time use data for Spain, we find that even though men do relatively little childcare, it is important to them. So, men do care to care. Our estimates show that, given our model, only about 9% of men with children have the full capability set, while 58% of them are constrained to a low level of care and housework. According to our model, many of these would not change behaviour if they had the full capability set, but about 20% of fathers would choose to provide more childcare and housework. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 562-592 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2023486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2023486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:562-592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_1911969_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sharon Bessell Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Bessell Title: Rethinking Child Poverty Abstract: Childhood poverty matters—not only because of the disturbingly high number of children affected, but also because of the deleterious impact on their human flourishing, both now and in the future. Effectively addressing child poverty requires clear identification of the nature and causes of the problem, as well as an understanding of how it is experienced. This paper aims to deepen understanding of child poverty, by drawing on key elements of a capability approach, rights-based approaches, and feminist standpoint theory, and empirical research. It is grounded in the findings of rights-based, participatory research with children aged between 7 and 15 years in Indonesia and in Australia, which cast new light on the dimensions of poverty that are most egregious from a child-driven standpoint. It presents a three-dimensional typology of material, opportunity, and relational poverty. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 539-561 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1911969 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1911969 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:539-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2090523_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter Author-Name: Helen Longlands Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Longlands Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Author-X-Name-Last: Peppin Vaughan Title: Gender and Intersecting Inequalities in Education: Reflections on a Framework for Measurement Abstract: This article considers how useful measurement and indicators are in developing insight into a problem as complex as gender injustice and education. It poses the question about what we ought to evaluate with regard to individuals, institutions, discourses and countries when we make assertions about gender inequality in education and how to address this. The paper provides a way of thinking about gender and education that highlights how inadequate existing measures are. It sets an agenda for future work outlining the AGEE (Accountability for Gender Equality and Education) Framework. This draws on the capability approach and identifies domains where indicators can be deployed. The discussion highlights how multiple sources of information can be used in a well-organised yet adaptable combination, taking account of the complexity of the processes in play, to develop guidance on practice for transformational and sustainable change that can support work on women’s rights and gender equality in education. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 509-538 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2090523 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2090523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:509-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2087606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: Measuring Covid Mortality Abstract: The most widely used measure of covid mortality is a headcount ratio of deaths due to covid, as captured by the case fatality rate, which is the ratio of covid deaths to covid cases. This is a relative measure of mortality, in contrast to the absolute measure of an aggregate headcount, as captured by the gross or aggregate fatality, which is just the raw (non-normalized) number of covid deaths. The present note examines two elementary principles which a measure of mortality (like one of poverty or urbanisation or unemployment) might be expected to satisfy. These are what are called the probability principle and the subgroup consistency principle respectively. Headcount ratios are found to satisfy the first principle but not the second, and aggregate headcounts to satisfy the second principle but not the first, which makes neither variety of a headcount measure satisfactory on its own, and by itself. This note advances the case of a “mixed” measure, as intermediate between ratio and aggregate measures, expressed as a geometric mean of the case fatality rate and the gross fatality. The ranking of countries by mortality is found to be a variable function of the precise mortality indicator employed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 630-638 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2087606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2087606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:630-638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2082392_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ann-Katrin Habbig Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Habbig Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns Title: Legal Capabilities Abstract: In this paper, we analyse the development of the term “legal capabilities”. More specifically, we do three things. First, we track the emergence and development of the notion of legal capabilities. The term legal capabilities was used in legal research long before the capability approach was introduced in that field. Early on, its conceptualisation mainly reflected elements of legal literacy. In more recent writings, it is claimed that the notion is based on the capability approach. Second, we critically analyse the current use of the term legal capabilities and show that there is no proper theoretical grounding of this term in the capability approach. This is problematic, because it might give rise to misunderstandings and flawed policy recommendations. Third, we suggest some first steps towards a revision of the notion of legal capabilities. Starting from the concept of “access to justice”, legal capabilities have to be understood as the real opportunities someone has to get access to justice, rather than merely as formal opportunities or internal capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 611-629 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2082392 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2082392 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:611-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2163359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Georges Quist Author-X-Name-First: Georges Author-X-Name-Last: Quist Title: Inclusive Financial Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 145-146 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2163359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2163359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:145-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2137656_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Athena Aktipis Author-X-Name-First: Athena Author-X-Name-Last: Aktipis Author-Name: Diego Guevara Beltran Author-X-Name-First: Diego Guevara Author-X-Name-Last: Beltran Title: Work, Love, and Learning in Utopia: Equality Reimagined Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 141-143 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2137656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2137656 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:141-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2141698_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paulo Valdivia-Quidel Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Valdivia-Quidel Title: An Ex-ante Evaluation of Collective Capability Development: A Case Study of an Emergent Indigenous NGO in Southern Chile Abstract: This study sets out to conduct an analysis on the degree to which the collective agency and capabilities of an emergent Mapuche NGO had been developed, prior to the start of the main phase of a participatory research intervention. Participatory Action Research and Grounded Theory approaches were applied in combination with decolonising research principles. This study’s findings inform not only the factors under which collective capabilities had not yet been developed for this NGO, but also the ontological and epistemological grounds on which Mapuche participants built these understandings. These considerations are of central importance for participatory research interventions if the ultimate goal is to promote meaningful and transformative social change among indigenous communities at local levels. This new epistemic production is a promising way forward to promote cross-cultural conversations between the CA and indigenous realities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 118-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2141698 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2141698 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:118-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2111410_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Upasak Das Author-X-Name-First: Upasak Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Jinyi Kuang Author-X-Name-First: Jinyi Author-X-Name-Last: Kuang Author-Name: Sania Ashraf Author-X-Name-First: Sania Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf Author-Name: Alex Shpenev Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Shpenev Author-Name: Cristina Bicchieri Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Bicchieri Title: Women as Pioneers: Examining Their Role in Decision Making on Toilet Construction in India Abstract: Access to improved toilets can enhance physical and mental security among women. Therefore, it becomes critical to incorporate and understand their decisions on household toilet construction. Using survey data from 2528 households across urban slums, peri-urban and rural areas from the state of Bihar in India, we study two particularly relevant aspects surrounding women's decision making in sanitation. First, we examine if exclusive usage of toilets is systematically higher when the decision of its construction is taken solely by a woman. Secondly, we assess the potential household-level factors associated with women-led decision making. The findings, after accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity surrounding the selection of households with toilets, indicate a statistically insignificant increase in the likelihood of its exclusive usage in households where decision of its construction had been solely led by women. When we look at the settlement types individually, this relationship is found to be significant in the peri-urban areas. Additionally, among households with toilets, poorer women are more likely to take sole decisions about its construction. This, we argue is potentially because of sanitation interventions over the years that have been relatively successful in motivating poor women to influence toilet construction. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 70-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2111410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2111410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:70-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2113370_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Teresa Amezcua-Aguilar Author-X-Name-First: Teresa Author-X-Name-Last: Amezcua-Aguilar Author-Name: Mª Ángeles Espadas-Alcázar Author-X-Name-First: Mª Ángeles Author-X-Name-Last: Espadas-Alcázar Title: Epistemological Breaks for Social Work Training and Practice: Participatory Research Through Photovoice in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods Abstract: The capabilities approach and participatory research are effective means to promote epistemic justice in higher education. Both have important roles, given the current commoditisation of University knowledge and professional practice, which do not promote inclusive epistemes that take into account the social problems of disadvantaged groups. Facilitating educational experiences that generate epistemological breaks and promote epistemic justice is a necessary task. Contributing to it was one purpose of the teaching innovation project carried out by the University of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain). The project aimed to stimulate collective reflection and dialogic encounters between complementary knowledge fields. It had three focal points: developing capabilities in students; fomenting participation and collective reflection in the community; heightening the visibility of people living in disadvantaged areas and conveying these realities, and people’s knowledge and concerns, to policymakers. The results show that co-production of knowledge by universities and local communities favours learning and practical reasoning; increases recognition and respect for diversity; foments participation and the environment necessary for citizens to exercise their political capabilities. This paper presents only the project’s first focal point; specifically, it shows how horizontal knowledge production using Photovoice can enhance in students certain capabilities of great relevance in their future profession. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 49-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2113370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2113370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:49-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2143485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shalem Balla Author-X-Name-First: Shalem Author-X-Name-Last: Balla Author-Name: Shivani Gharge Author-X-Name-First: Shivani Author-X-Name-Last: Gharge Author-Name: Srinivas Goli Author-X-Name-First: Srinivas Author-X-Name-Last: Goli Author-Name: Srilakshmi Vedantam Author-X-Name-First: Srilakshmi Author-X-Name-Last: Vedantam Title: Is There a Grand Convergence in Child Undernutrition Reduction? Evidence from 183 Countries Abstract: This study aimed to assess the progress of underweight, stunted, or wasted children across 183 countries from 1990 to 2015 using convergence models. Data for this study has been obtained from the World Bank Database and UNICEF (2020), which provides figures on underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence for most countries. Data from national-level surveys were compiled for countries where the information was unavailable from the World Bank Database. For our empirical analysis, we have employed parametric convergence metrics like the absolute β-convergence model.In contrast, nonparametric convergence models such as Kernel density plots, were used as robustness checks for our primary analyses. The absolute-convergence model suggests a convergence in the progress of underweight and wasted children between 1990 and 2015, whereas we find a divergence in progress towards the decline in stunted children between 1990–95 to 2010–15. However, the nonparametric convergence test suggests that except for wasting, the other two indicators of child nutrition show an emergence of multiple convergence clubs instead of a grand global convergence. At the same time, the regional heterogeneity test for the absolute convergence model suggests that our main findings still hold except for stunting in upper-middle-income countries, which supports the convergence hypothesis. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 24-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2143485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2143485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:24-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2104824_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: F. García-Pardo Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: García-Pardo Author-Name: S. Pérez-Moreno Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Moreno Author-Name: E. Bárcena-Martín Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Bárcena-Martín Title: Leaving no Country Behind: A Fuzzy Approach for Human Development Abstract: “Leaving no one behind” (LNOB) constitutes one of the core principles underpinning the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We propose a complementary fuzzy logic approach to identify countries left behind in human development and each of its dimensions. We find that the countries left furthest behind at the beginning of the century were those that most reduced gaps with respect to better performing countries after two decades. Nevertheless, we cannot clearly speak of convergence in human development. There are notable exceptions, such as the Central African Republic, Liberia, Yemen, Haiti or Venezuela, which despite the improvement in their Human Development Index worryingly increased their gaps in human development dimensions relative to the rest of the world. Our analysis highlights significant advantages of using the proposed fuzzy-based LNOB approach to incorporate the moral imperative of leaving no country behind in the measurement of human development. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2104824 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2104824 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:1-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2163358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kayonaaz Kalyanwala Author-X-Name-First: Kayonaaz Author-X-Name-Last: Kalyanwala Title: Handbook of Communication and Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 143-145 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2163358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2163358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:143-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2090524_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aliya Khalid Author-X-Name-First: Aliya Author-X-Name-Last: Khalid Author-Name: Pauline Rose Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Title: “We Look Ahead Where his Thoughts Never Reach”: Pakistani Mothers’ Agency to Expand Educational Opportunities for Their Daughters and the Theorisation of Negative Capability Abstract: Juxtaposed against literature that views mothers’ role for their daughters’ education as a human capital this paper reimagines their role by foregrounding Pakistani mothers’ agency in contexts with limited opportunities. This is achieved by theorising negative capability (NC) as an analytical framework drawing on available theorisations of the concept and define it as an agentive passive refusal to be intellectually paralysed by disadvantage. We demonstrate how the concept can be applied for empirical analysis. The paper takes an ethical stance that researchers should acknowledge that regardless of contextual difficulties people’s agentive and intellectual faculties remain intact. Structural inequalities need to be challenged but their agentive potential also recognised. With a firm commitment that opportunities need to be made equal this paper builds on the second point to argue that even in the face of extreme disadvantage mothers’ intellectual capacities to progress towards goals remain functional. We challenge the objectification of the marginalised and propose an analytical approach to understand difficulties faced as well as agency exercised by mothers facing socio-economic constraints. This work has implications for the capability approach that falls short of addressing issues of power, and policy that fails to understand the context. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 98-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2090524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2090524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:98-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2200238_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kate Sollis Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Sollis Title: Participatory Wellbeing Frameworks and the Secret to Impact Abstract: Research and policy based on the Capability Approach inherently seeks to improve the lives of individuals and communities in a meaningful way. One operationalisation of this is the development of participatory wellbeing frameworks, which ask communities “what does wellbeing mean to you?”. However, there has so far been very little understanding on the extent to which participatory wellbeing frameworks, and the Capability Approach more generally, have achieved meaningful impact. This study fills this gap by investigating the research and policy impacts achieved through participatory wellbeing studies. Drawing on a key informant study with 16 individuals who have undertaken participatory wellbeing studies in numerous contexts, this paper provides an initial insight into the extent to which such studies have achieved impact, and the barriers and enablers in doing so. The results highlight that while relatively few participatory wellbeing studies have directly impacted programmes, practice or policy, achieving indirect impacts such as greater awareness amongst policymakers, and starting a dialogue in the community, was commonplace. Process was found to be of great importance in achieving impact, highlighting that researchers and practitioners should ensure appropriate consultation processes are in place, and dedicate time and resources to dissemination and engagement. In particular, research partnerships were found to be particularly advantageous. While informants noted substantial barriers to achieving impact outside their control, the study highlights a number of enablers those undertaking work in this space can draw upon to achieve greater impact into the future. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 163-193 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:163-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2199528_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kerilyn Schewel Author-X-Name-First: Kerilyn Author-X-Name-Last: Schewel Title: Migration, Development and Social Change in the Himalayas: An Ethnographic Village Study Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 307-308 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199528 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199528 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:307-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2200240_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Talbot Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Talbot Title: Knowledge, Knowers, and Capabilities: Can the Capabilities Approach Help Decolonise the Curriculum? Abstract: The Capabilities Approach and the movement to Decolonise the Curriculum contain powerful intellectual and practical possibilities for changing the way societies conceive of education and its purpose. The former presents a bold set of educational aims offering an alternative to market-driven human capital approaches. The latter seeks to undo the legacy of colonialism that still echoes through classrooms across the world. Yet, despite potential affinities, little work exists exploring the compatibility of their respective theoretical commitments. This article argues that, behind the label Decolonise the Curriculum, lies a spectrum of approaches that, at their polar ends, risk becoming counterproductive in the search for educational justice. Articulating a version of Decolonising the Curriculum that avoids these pitfalls can be achieved through the theoretical insights of the Capabilities Approach and, in particular, the writings of its architects, Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 216-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:216-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2200241_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Su-ming Khoo Author-X-Name-First: Su-ming Author-X-Name-Last: Khoo Title: Humane Security: Solidarity in Policy and Practice Abstract: This paper responds to the UNDP 2022 Special Report on Human Security in the Anthropocene (hereafter ‘UNDP Special Report’, UNDP 2022), and HDCA Human Security Thematic Group’s sessions at the 2022 HDCA Antwerp conference, focused on interrogating the ‘soul’ of the human security concept. In order to facilitate the practical implementation of human security principles, I offer six integrative suggestions for a convergent view that reinforces human security’s emancipatory critical and transformative potential, substantiating the UNDP Special Report’s demand for greater solidarity: i) recalling the Stockholm Conference’s agenda for global solidarity; ii) drawing on emancipatory legacies of established social movements; iii) applying differentiated measures to address vulnerability; iv) learning from indigenous and local insights on ‘coordination’ that emphasize relationality; v) decentralizing policy and practice; and, vi) An integrative perspective deepening the ‘humane’ interpretation of human security, taking on the Ogata-Sen recommendations for integrated policies, jointly emphasizing survival, livelihood and dignity. Keywords: Human security; Anthropocene; human development; UNDP Special Report 2022; Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment; Ogata-Sen Commission on Human Security. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 284-293 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200241 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200241 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:284-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2152432_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tobias Schillings Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Schillings Author-Name: Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez-Ancochea Author-Name: Rehana Mohammed Author-X-Name-First: Rehana Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed Title: Universalism in Healthcare for Human Security: Policy Considerations Abstract: Universal healthcare, encompassing coverage, generosity, and equity in health benefits and services, directly enhances human security. Expanding universal healthcare is becoming increasingly important amidst heightening, interrelated threats to human security. Developing countries are likely to bear greater impacts from these threats, but have healthcare systems that are inadequately prepared for the same. To strengthen healthcare universalism, policymakers must aim for the joint advancement of coverage, generosity, and equity as policy outputs. Building universal systems is necessarily a long-term effort, and each country’s pathway will depend on its specific policy architecture and opportunities for reform. Policymakers must seek to create the right policy trajectories for expanding universalism over time, taking into account that approaches that incentivise coalition building across social groups can help sustain political support for future expansion. Prioritising unified systems that provide the same benefits to everyone can help mitigate inequities, strengthen resilience, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the system. Global trends and experiences of many developing countries demonstrate that progress on healthcare universalism is achievable at all levels of development, and is among the most important strategies today for advancing human security. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 294-304 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2152432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2152432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:294-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2199527_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lori Keleher Author-X-Name-First: Lori Author-X-Name-Last: Keleher Title: Citadels of Pride: Sexual Assault, Accountability, and Reconciliation Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 305-306 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:305-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2196061_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mario Biggeri Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri Author-Name: Heriberto Tapia Author-X-Name-First: Heriberto Author-X-Name-Last: Tapia Title: Human Security in the Anthropocene: A New Base for Action Abstract: The idea of “human security” is gaining a new round of attention in the academic and policy agenda, as a new era of global changes is affecting people’s core capabilities. In this Policy Forum the “human security lens” engages with human development and the capability approach. It presents different perspectives of genuine action-oriented human security, and it aims to provide valuable insights for policy issues and recommendations in the current context of interlinked threats. This Policy Forum aims to help relaunching the debate on policy interventions for human security within the capability approach. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 253-262 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2196061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2196061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:253-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2199974_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Antonio Villar Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Villar Title: Welfare Poverty Measurement Abstract: This paper proposes an approach to poverty measurement based on the interpretation of poverty as a welfare loss, along the lines laid in Chakravarty [Chakravarty, S. R. 1983. “Ethically Flexible Measures of Poverty.” Canadian Journal of Economics 16: 74–85]. A multidimensional poverty index is derived here from a social welfare function and a vector of poverty thresholds, following the aggregate achievement approach. Poverty is measured as the relative welfare loss due to the insufficient welfare of those agents whose achievements do not reach the minimum established. Using standard social welfare functions, we derive a welfare poverty measure that combines rather explicitly the different aspects of poverty measurement (incidence, intensity and inequality). We include an empirical application to the measurement of between-country poverty, based on the three dimensions that conform the Human Development Index. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 147-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:147-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2161491_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Des Gasper Author-X-Name-First: Des Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper Author-Name: Oscar A. Gómez Author-X-Name-First: Oscar A. Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez Title: Solidarity and Human Insecurity: Interpreting and Extending the HDRO’s 2022 Special Report on Human Security Abstract: The 2022 UNDP Special Report on human security marks an overdue return to this focus in Human Development Reports work. It adds solidarity to the established headline strategies for human security, namely protection and empowerment. While it does not theorise solidarity far, nor connect much to relevant literatures, nor explore implications in detail, it provides an opening of doors. We comment first on the Report’s general significance. It presents itself as a rethinking of human security; it reflects also a rethinking of human development in the Anthropocene and a re-articulation of the core rationale of the United Nations system. Second, we consider how the report presents solidarity: as a required commitment to others, globally; as implication of interconnectedness; and as a required response to uncertainty. Third, we note that the report is only a beginning; it is not yet connected to generations of solidarity thinking and practice nor to present-day streams. Fourthly, we review policy implications proposed in the Report and suggest areas for next-stage attention. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 263-273 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:263-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2200239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Camila Rasse Author-X-Name-First: Camila Author-X-Name-Last: Rasse Author-Name: María Paola Sevilla Author-X-Name-First: María Paola Author-X-Name-Last: Sevilla Title: Marginality and Citizenship Education in Secondary Vocational and Technical Education (VTE). A Vision from the Capability Approach Abstract: The capability approach provides a broader view of Vocational and Technical Education (VTE), acknowledging its multiple purposes, including citizenship preparation for discussing and challenging the rules and practices prevailing in society. Based on ethnographic data, this paper seeks to understand how two Chilean high schools conceptualise their students and VTE, concerning their students’ marginalisation, linking this to citizenship education. Each school presented a different awareness of students’ marginality situation, and it was possible to observe how this meant different actions associated with citizenship education. Findings show that in the school with greater awareness of students’ marginality, VTE takes elements from the capability approach and provides active citizenship training, while at the school with lower awareness of marginality, students are trained in more passive citizenship. The importance of citizenship education for VTE, the significance of the capability approach to transforming this education, and its potential impact on public policies and the construction of society are discussed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 234-252 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:234-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2161490_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Natasha Borges Sugiyama Author-X-Name-First: Natasha Borges Author-X-Name-Last: Sugiyama Author-Name: Michael Touchton Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Touchton Author-Name: Brian Wampler Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Wampler Title: Democratic Dead Spots: Local Elections and Human Development in Brazil Abstract: Democracy’s proponents argue that decentralisation improves service delivery, expands local accountability, and engages citizens in public life. However, the combination of democratisation and decentralisation sometimes sustains subnational authoritarianism, resulting in differential redistribution of power that limit citizens’ ability to pursue and secure public goods. In this article we ask: To what extent do authoritarian enclaves affect well-being? Few studies have systematically examined how basic democratic failures affect human development outcomes at subnational levels. We address this gap by investigating the effects of local “democratic dead spots” in Brazil. This approach yields the first large-scale quantitative analysis of the consequences of subnational authoritarianism for human development. Our unique dataset covers Brazil’s 5,570 municipalities from 2006 to 2018 and lets us estimate the effects of local elections on human development over time and across space, while controlling for common explanations for human development (e.g. local governance, wealth, social policy, and partisanship). We find that local democratic dead spots are associated with systemically low levels of human development performance. Following uncompetitive elections, health outcomes are systemically lower over five years: an entire mayoral term and one year beyond in comparison to other, very similar municipalities. Education outcomes are also systemically lower, but the effect does not extend beyond one mayoral term. The cumulative results suggest that uncompetitive elections undermine human development, at the very least in the short to medium term. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 194-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161490 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161490 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:194-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2161493_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kehinde Balogun Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Author-X-Name-Last: Balogun Author-Name: Kariuki Weru Author-X-Name-First: Kariuki Author-X-Name-Last: Weru Author-Name: Xiaomeng Shen Author-X-Name-First: Xiaomeng Author-X-Name-Last: Shen Title: “Freedom from Want”: A Critical Reflection in the Face of the Anthropocene Abstract: The 2022 Special Report on Human Security “calls for greater solidarity across borders and a new approach to development; one that allows people to live free from want, fear, anxiety and indignity”. This paper analyses the notion of “freedom from want” and argues that human “want”, understood from one cultural perspective/worldview, has created the market society with its GDP growth narrative. Such “want” could become the very reason for perceived insecurity, anxiety and indignity, if the “want” is not only to meet the basic human needs, but rather to meet desires artificially fuelled by a market society with its increasingly sophisticated tools, such as digital technology which implicitly manipulate our “wants” and rationalise them within the GDP-growth narrative. This paper proposes a policy shift from focusing on GDP growth to a new paradigm of human flourishment which allows for a “good life” for all (wo)mankind by capitalising on the concept of relational wellbeing. Relational wellbeing advocates for deep connections between humans, and between humans and nature, thereby achieving a greater global solidarity between people and a new mindset towards nature. The next generation of human security shall go beyond the aim of making people secure, and rather focus on how to enable humanity to flourish. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 274-283 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:274-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2227108_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zehra Keser Ozmantar Author-X-Name-First: Zehra Author-X-Name-Last: Keser Ozmantar Author-Name: Melis Cin Author-X-Name-First: Melis Author-X-Name-Last: Cin Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi Author-X-Name-First: Faith Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi Title: Becoming a Teacher: The Liminal Identities and Political Agency of Refugee Teachers Abstract: This paper engages with the experiences of refugee teachers through an identity-based conceptualisation of the capability approach to explore these teachers’ social environment, working conditions, values, and lived experiences. The research builds on the teachers’ capabilities literature to argue that norms, dynamics, and identities shape their political agency, opportunities, and constraints, providing nuanced understandings of their experiences as refugee teachers. Our aim is to narrate how they negotiate across different identities and mobilise their agency to be able to function as teachers and fit within their host countries. In doing so, we not only challenge the deficit model and oversimplified challenges experienced by teachers, but also explore the complexity and nuances of their journey of becoming and developing a teacher identity as a refugee under constrained working conditions. At the same time, teachers relentlessly build on their precarious teacher identities to work for their communities. The findings show that teachers build liminal identities in exile where the boundary between being a refugee and a teacher is simultaneously contested and embodied, but also key to their political agency and subjectivity of creating change. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 336-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2227108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:336-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2226461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Title: Measuring poverty around the world Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 424-426 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:424-426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2226460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marie Phaneuf Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Phaneuf Title: Who Matters at the World Bank? Bureaucrats, Policy Change, and Public Sector Governance Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 426-428 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2226460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:426-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2214725_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: The Incidence and Age Distribution of Death: Mortality by Caste, Gender, and Sector of Origin in India in the Mid-2010s Abstract: This paper considers the distribution of mortality across social groups classified by caste, gender and sector of origin in India in the mid-2010s: as such, the essay is intended to be both a methodological/measurement-oriented study and a substantive empirical assessment of an important dimension of human functioning in India. The analysis is carried out employing micro-data on the age-distributions of population and death-rates available in the National Family Health Survey of 2015–16 (NFHS-4). Mortality in the paper is measured in terms of the crude death rate, an indicator of “inefficiency” in the age-distribution of deaths, and an “age-adjusted” death rate which takes account of both the mean and the dispersion of a distribution. The last-mentioned indicator is taken to be the preferred measure of mortality. The analysis in the paper suggests that mortality outcomes across castes replicate the caste hierarchy and that there is a sharp rural-urban divide in the distribution of death. Mortality sex-ratios are found to be relatively more favourable for the lower than the higher castes. The results presented in the paper are not unexpected, but they provide quantitative confirmation of one's worst suspicions regarding the skewed distribution of mortality across social groups in India. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 375-400 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2214725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2214725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:375-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2209027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wouter J. Rijke Author-X-Name-First: Wouter J. Author-X-Name-Last: Rijke Author-Name: Jan Meerman Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Meerman Author-Name: Bart Bloemen Author-X-Name-First: Bart Author-X-Name-Last: Bloemen Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram Author-Name: Jac Van der Klink Author-X-Name-First: Jac Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Klink Author-Name: Gert Jan Van der Wilt Author-X-Name-First: Gert Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Wilt Title: Strategies for Researching Programs’ Impact on Capability: A Scoping Review Abstract: Researchers seeking to assess the impact of a program on the capability of its target audience face numerous methodological challenges. The purpose of our review was to see to what extent such challenges are recognised and what choices researchers made in order to address them, and why. We identified 3354 studies by searching five databases in addition to cross-checking references from selected studies. A total of 71 studies met our pre-defined selection criteria: empirical studies reporting data on how interventions impacted the beneficiaries’ capability, providing sufficient detail on how impact was measured, in English language. Four independent raters assessed those studies on four domains: descriptive information, consideration of causal attribution, operationalisation of capability, and interpretation of findings. Challenges related to capability impact assessment were not widely explicitly acknowledged, and available measures to address these challenges were not being used routinely. Major weaknesses included little attention to causal attribution, infrequent justification of the specific content of capability, and failure to research the constitutive elements of capability and their interactions. Research into a program’s impact on the capability of its recipients is challenging for several reasons, but options are available to further improve the quality of this type of research. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 401-423 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2209027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2209027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:401-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2240738_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas C. Stephens Author-X-Name-First: Thomas C. Author-X-Name-Last: Stephens Title: The Quality of Work (QoW): Towards a Capability Theory Abstract: This paper introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework for measuring the Quality of Work (QoW) using the Capability Approach (CA). Drawing from [Robeyns,, Ingrid. 2017. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers.] modular framework for developing Capability Theories, it proposes we conceive of work as a body of resources existing in a “space” of work. Dimensions of QoW can be identified based on how work resources enhance, or impede, the achievement of important “beings and doings” (Functionings) both inside (intrinsic importance) or outside (instrumental) this space – such as intrinsic Functionings like meaningful work; or instrumental Functionings like family- and life-fulfilment. However, it further argues that many approaches to QoW are under-specified, since they neglect the crucial ways that peoples’ wider circumstances, outside this space of work, determine peoples’ overall work-related wellbeing. This calls for indices of multi-dimensional QoW to also measure (a) the range of wider Functionings people could achieve outside their current work activity (the Capability Set); and (b) personal, social, and environmental factors which affect how work resources are converted into Functionings (Conversion Factors). It is only by taking these circumstances into account that indices can capture the true impact of the worst forms of work, by understanding who is forced to engage in this work. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 309-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:309-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2227106_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marc V. Rugani Author-X-Name-First: Marc V. Author-X-Name-Last: Rugani Title: Capabilities, Rights, and Responsibilities: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching Abstract: Often referred to as the church’s “best kept secret”, Catholic social teaching (CST) has much that commends it to those employing the capabilities approach to frame and justify proposals to both shape structures of solidarity and organise collective decision making with an emphasis on personal participation. The permanent principles of CST – dignity of the human person, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good – correlate to several key features of the capabilities approach’s development ethical landscape, namely dignity, agency, justice, and flourishing. Specifically, by leveraging the notions of solidarity and subsidiarity in CST, development theorists and practitioners can better articulate the necessary relationship between rights and duties especially as they relate to the expansion of capabilities and the promotion of human flourishing. The notion of reciprocal duties to others understood in terms of the virtue of solidarity while promoting agency and the support needed for personal participation through subsidiarity can be a way to articulate the frontiers of capabilities as they interface with rights. Both rights and capabilities imply and necessitate relationships of justice and the recognition of dignity in others and oneself which can help transform institutions, including the Catholic Church itself. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 359-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:3:p:359-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2262330_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Title: Message from the Editor Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 429-429 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2262330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2262330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:429-429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2264005_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: José Antonio Ocampo Author-X-Name-First: José Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Ocampo Author-Name: Daniel Titelman Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Titelman Title: Rethinking Development in Latin America Abstract: Latin American countries face a crossroad that demands profound change in their development paradigm. In the last four decades economic growth, investment, and productivity have shown poor performance. This has made it impossible to break with the productive heterogeneity that characterises the region and its dependence on low value-added productive sectors and commodity-dependent export structures. Although there has been a positive advance in human development, high levels of inequality, poverty, social exclusion, and high labour market informality have been persistent in the countries of the region. Added to these structural problems is the need to face climate change, that has important distributive and social effects and requires a significant amount of investment in adaption and mitigation a will require a change in the development paradigm. A fiscal sustainability framework will be essential to ensure the viability of the public spending required to promote structural change. The framework should prioritise domestic resource mobilisation, through public revenues, which have historically been insufficient to meet the demands for public spending. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 569-591 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2264005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2264005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:569-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2243919_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Frances Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Macroeconomic Policies for a Sustainable World Abstract: The urgency of the climate crisis is such that it needs to inform most policy-making. It represents a major threat to human development. Yet while the existence of the crisis is generally acknowledged, this has not affected macro-economic policy even though the climate crisis has major effects on the accepted objectives of macro-economic policy, including growth and economic stability. The paper explores changes in macro-economic policy needed for sustainability which should become an intrinsic and overriding objective of policy. Implications of doing so are explored, including replacing the growth objective with green/sustainable growth, altering the measurement of GDP accordingly; greatly increasing the weight given to the well-being of future generations with implications for interest and investment rates; and reforming taxes and expenditures. Ballooning of debt is justified to support a rapid transition to a carbon-free economy. Among high-income countries, the growth objective should be questioned. Low income countries need green growth to attain reasonable living standards. Large-scale resource transfers to low income countries are essential to support green expenditures for mitigation and especially adaptation. High priorities are a change in the approach of the IMF and World Bank, and innovative financial mechanisms to support the required transfers. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 494-516 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:494-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2241840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Pollin Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Pollin Title: Fossil Fuel Industry Phase-Out and Just Transition: Designing Policies to Protect Workers’ Living Standards Abstract: This paper focuses on transition policies targeted at supporting workers now employed in the fossil fuel industries and ancillary sectors within high-income economies. As a general normative principle, I argue that the overarching aim of such policies should be to protect workers against major losses in their living standards resulting through the fossil fuel industry phase-out. The impacted workers should be provided with guarantees to accomplish this, in the areas of jobs, compensation and pensions. Just transition policies should also include job search, retraining and relocation programs, but these forms of support should be recognized as supplementary. The overall set of just transition policies is fully aligned with the Energy Justice and Capabilities Approach as well as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Within this framework, the paper first reviews experiences with transitional policies in Germany, the UK, the EU and, more briefly, Japan and Canada. The policies either implemented or discussed in these cases do not provide the needed guarantees. The paper then presents an illustrative robust just transition program for the heavily fossil fuel-dependent U.S. state of West Virginia. This program will cost, as an annual average, about $42,000 per impacted worker, or about 0.2 percent of West Virginia's current GDP. I briefly summarize results for seven other U.S. states and for the overall U.S. economy. For the U.S. economy overall, the just transition program's costs would total to about 0.015 percent of GDP. These findings demonstrate the financial viability of robust just transition programs for high-income economies. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 539-568 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:539-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2255015_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dirk Philipsen Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Philipsen Title: A Common Good Approach to Development Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 594-595 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:594-595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2252645_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Author-Name: Rajeev Malhotra Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev Author-X-Name-Last: Malhotra Title: Economic and Social Policies for Human Development Abstract: Economic and social policies of governments could improve or worsen the wellbeing of people, so that their impact on human development could be positive or negative. This article discusses the role, as well as the scope, of public policies for human development in the contemporary developing and industrialised worlds, buffeted by frequent global and local economic crises, including a health pandemic of unprecedented proportions, where mainstream economic policies have often been detrimental, rather than conducive, to advancing human wellbeing. The paper revisits the human development framework and anchors it in an interpretation of the capability approach that helps in delineating economic and social policy pathways to desirable outcomes. It argues that this is essential for an effective operationalisation of the approach to human development. Building on that, it explores the nature of economic and social policies that might constitute an appropriate policy-mix for advancing human development. In doing so, it recognises that, while human development problems in poor and rich countries are similar, the choices, sequencing and prioritisation of policies will inevitably be determined by the country-context and government-objectives. Given the context, it suggests that the framework of SDGs at the national level could enable a focus on human development objectives in the policy design and strategic response of countries. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 439-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2252645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2252645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:439-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2252646_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Title: Economic Policies for Human Development: A Neglected Domain Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 430-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2252646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2252646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:430-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2243202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Giovanni Andrea Cornia Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia Title: Inequality and Capabilities in an Era of Rising Instability Abstract: This paper reviews the trends in income inequality over the last 40 years, and proposes a new explanation for their evolution – that it is hoped will be tested empirically by many studies in the years ahead – to see whether the observed increases in inequality of the last four decades have been caused by an aggravation of its traditional causes (such as land an human capital concentration), or by a widespread increase in instability in five key areas affecting inequality, the Human Development Index and human capabilities. The five areas where a sharp increase in instability has been observed concern: (a) the financial sector; (b) industry 4.0, especially the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; (c) diseases such as ebola, aids and covid; (d) number of conflicts and (e) a growing environmental crisis. A key unanswered question in the above proposed overall explanation is whether these five crises are interconnected and whether there is a primum movens that explains this series of problematic events. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 468-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:468-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2255016_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ravin Ponniah Author-X-Name-First: Ravin Author-X-Name-Last: Ponniah Title: Radical Housing: Designing Multi-Generational and Co-Living Housing for All Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 596-597 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:596-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2243232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr Author-Name: Kate Donald Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Donald Title: Why is Macroeconomics Neglected in Equity and Inclusion Strategies for Sustainable Development? An Exploration of Four Systemic Barriers Abstract: The literatures on Macroeconomics and Human development and capabilities have been described as constituting “two different worlds” that never intersect despite the importance of macroeconomics for human development (Nayyar [2012]. “Macroeconomics and Human Development.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13 (1): 7–30.). This paper explores the barriers that keep the two worlds apart in policy making. It considers the case of national strategies for one is implementing UN Agenda 2030 (better known as the SDGs) with a commitment to equity and inclusion; the majority of which rely on social protection and neglect macroeconomic policies. This paper proposes four systemic barriers in the policy making processes: institutional silos and gaps, informational deficits, ideology, and interests. We highlight how these barriers play out in mutually reinforcing ways to construct resilient barriers: narrowly defined mandates of central banks and other economic agencies are reinforced by ideological commitments and the influence of vested interests to neglect inclusion, equity and sustainable development as policy objectives, and in policy research agendas. This in turn creates a vicious circle of information deficits with respect to policy alternatives. The paper discusses how these barriers play out differently in different policy making contexts for different stakeholders. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 517-538 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:517-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2255014_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Askwith Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Askwith Title: A Development Economist in the United Nations: Reasons for Hope Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 592-593 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:4:p:592-593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2305391_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Brendan M. Howe Author-X-Name-First: Brendan M. Author-X-Name-Last: Howe Title: Response to the 2023 Human Security Policy Forum Abstract: The February 2022 UNDP Special Report (SR) on Human Security, “New threats to human security in the Anthropocene: Demanding greater solidarity” marked a welcome return by the UN body to the field in which, in 1994, it had provided the seminal text. The SR stimulated a great deal of academic and policy debate, featuring prominently in the HDCA Human Security Thematic Group’s sessions at the 2022 HDCA Antwerp conference. Conversations between the UNDP HDRO and HDCA led to the 2023 Human Security Policy Forum published in the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. The papers produced in this forum have emphasised a broadening of the human security discourse and policy prescription to consider the SR’s additional focus on the Anthropocene, agency, and solidarity. Several of the papers have also drawn attention to the interconnectivity of threats and spillover between them. While there is consensus among the papers on these issues, they are limited in the extent to which they address how such foci also lead to contestation, how they are situated in the wider policy discourse, and how they might best be operationalised. This paper revisits these discussions, adding additional insight on these points of reference. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 194-203 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2305391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2305391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:194-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2305388_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Laura García-Portela Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: García-Portela Title: A Minimal Capabilities-Based Account of Loss and Damage Abstract: The topic of loss and damage has generated contentious debates in international policymaking and climate negotiations. Up until now, political agreements have been possible because of the use of ambiguous language in defining loss and damage. However, with the agreement of creating a specific fund for loss and damage reached in the last COP27, the need to define loss and damage becomes more pressing. This definition will not only determine to whom the funds will flow, but also what kind of measures will be funded. This paper contributes to clarifying these two issues. First, it proposes what should count, minimally, as loss and damage by specifying a minimal account of loss and damage based on the capabilities approach. This minimal account develops and justifies an ex-post perspective on loss and damage that is coherent with the UNFCCC discourse. Moreover, it proposes to differentiate between economic damage, non-economic losses, and non-economic damage. Second, it proposes a variety of reparative measures (material and symbolic) that should be implemented in response to different forms of loss and damage. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 170-193 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2305388 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2305388 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:170-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2295149_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: S. Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Title: Measurement Is Not Everything, But It Does Make a Difference Abstract: With the help of the Human Development Index, Mahbub ul Haq demonstrated that by focusing attention away from an exclusive concern with income as the only dimension in which to assess well-being, measurement which also involved a more general concern with other “spaces” of well-being could make a difference to comparative evaluations of, and policy perspectives on, human development. This is an example of the difference which measurement can make when the concern is with a shift in what is being measured rather than in how it is measured. In this lecture, the “space” in which well-being is measured – the conventional money-metric space – is retained, while some consequences of changing the “aggregation protocols” of measurement are examined. Specifically, the concern is with measures of inequality and poverty which have typically been interpreted as (population- and income-) relative measures, and with how a shift to arguably more reasonable measures which are intermediate between relative and absolute conceptualizations could make a difference to comparative assessments of magnitudes over time and across space. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 21-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2295149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2295149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:21-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2261868_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Witness Chikoko Author-X-Name-First: Witness Author-X-Name-Last: Chikoko Author-Name: Lorraine van Blerk Author-X-Name-First: Lorraine Author-X-Name-Last: van Blerk Author-Name: Janine Hunter Author-X-Name-First: Janine Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter Author-Name: Wayne Shand Author-X-Name-First: Wayne Author-X-Name-Last: Shand Title: Realising Capabilities for Street Young People in Harare, Zimbabwe: A New Approach to Social Protection Abstract: Living in social contexts characterised by poverty and inequality, street young people have limited access to healthcare, water sanitation and hygiene services; exacerbating effects of ill health, infections, lack of nutrition and substance abuse that undermine their wellbeing. In Harare, Zimbabwe, they are also excluded from Social Protection Programmes (SPPs) which potentially assist other impoverished Zimbabweans, two-thirds of whom live below the poverty line (WFP 2019. Zimbabwe Annual Country Report 2019. World Food Programme). In this paper, we propose a reassessment of SPPs, in particular the Assisted Medical Treatment Order (AMTO), identifying barriers to access, and benefits for extending access to street young people . Drawing on secondary analysis of data from Growing up on the Streets, this paper re-conceptualises Ingrid Robeyns’ (2005. “The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey.” Journal of Human Development 6 (1): 93–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266) model of capabilities and applies it to the reversal of street youth exclusion and the application of government-targeted initiatives which have failed to reach those in the most vulnerable situations. In so doing, we propose an adapted model which recognises how the capabilities of street young people are enhanced when they are integrated into SPPs. This adapted model can be replicated and applied to relevant interventions for other groups of marginalised people in across contexts. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 110-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261868 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261868 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:110-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2300626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Simantini Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay Title: Using Alienation to Understand the Link Between Work and Capabilities Abstract: The last five decades have witnessed sociologists formulating various scales to measure and assess the degree of alienation of workers. Critical Marxists, however, argue that de-ideologisation and valueneutrality cannot be seen as desirable properties of a reconceptualization of the Marxian notion of alienation. Most Marxist scholars are not in favour of a comparative-quantitative analysis of Marx's theory of alienation. Nevertheless, Sen situates Marx's theory in the category of those which carry out “realization-focused comparison” (as opposed to “transcendental institutionalism”), by comparing societies that actually exist or may evolve. This paper articulates the need for an operationalization of the concept of alienation in empirical terms and calls for a meaningful dialogue between the capability approach to meaningful work and the emerging and significant body of literature on alienation and capabilities. It argues that alienation, translated to the capability vocabulary as “impairments in responsible agency to attain the capabilities one has reason to value” may also be mapped onto failed social relationships. Even when we do not limit the concept of alienation to the system-anti-system binary, we need to understand it in the context of the failures of economic institutions existing in the contemporary world. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 151-169 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2300626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2300626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:151-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2261856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Rowan Murray Author-X-Name-First: Rowan Author-X-Name-Last: Murray Title: The Capability Approach, Pedagogic Rights and Course Design: Developing Autonomy and Reflection through Student-Led, Individually Created Courses Abstract: University education can provide more than discipline knowledge development. It can also develop lifelong skills such as autonomy, critical reflection, and independent thought. With its concern for the individual and development of the self as well as society, the Capability Approach offers a useful framework for evaluating individual development beyond disciplines. This paper aims to employ the Capability Approach to explore how student-led learning might lead to individual and social development. As there is a focus on courses and curricula, it employs the complementary concept of Pedagogic Rights. It presents findings from a small-scale qualitative research project, which included the perspectives of individuals who had recently completed self-designed, individually-created courses. Findings show that student-led courses align with Capability Approach values, providing a space for individual development and expansion of capabilities. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 131-150 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:131-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2266691_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Cherise Regier Author-X-Name-First: Cherise Author-X-Name-Last: Regier Title: Labour Law, Employees’ Capability for Voice, and Wellbeing: A Framework for Evaluation Abstract: Labour power has significantly declined across affluent democracies in recent decades, resulting in a widening scale of power inequality within the contemporary employment relationship. Employee voice is a key component of labour power that represents a human capability according to Amartya Sen’s conceptualisation: a real freedom to achieve states of being that one has reason to value. Employees deficient in the capability for voice lack sufficient bargaining power to influence workplace decision-making, which threatens their wellbeing by increasing their risk of exposure to work-related stressors and limiting their opportunities to improve their welfare. In this article, employee voice legislation is argued to be a necessary social conversion factor of employees’ capability for voice that can promote further advantage. However, research assessing its effectiveness at enhancing wellbeing is greatly limited due to an over reliance on neoliberal and new institutional forms of economic analysis that reveal little about the quality of employees’ lives. A comprehensive framework for evaluation based on Sen’s capability approach is proposed that when operationalised for empirical analysis, can advance our understanding of employee wellbeing in the twenty-first century. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 87-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2266691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2266691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:87-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2261858_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Oleksandr Svitych Author-X-Name-First: Oleksandr Author-X-Name-Last: Svitych Title: Amartya Sen, Karl Polanyi, and Universal Basic Income Abstract: This paper develops a Polanyian capabilitarian framework to understand and justify the universal basic income. I combine Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach with Karl Polanyi’s substantive view of economy to mount a normative case for basic income. Using this approach, I also ground the basic income debate in a relational ontology, the idea that the self and society are mutually constituted. By doing so, I problematise hegemonic assumptions underlying much of the basic income discourse and call for ontological and epistemic diversity. The paper both provides a critique of individualist ontology and offers an affirmative modification centred on relationality and interdependence. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 42-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261858 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261858 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:42-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2297917_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Melanie Walker Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Repair in Education Spaces Abstract: The paper discusses repair as valuable for thinking about and acting towards sustainable human development. Repair asks us to take account of intersections of past, present, and reimagined futures; the end is becoming and being full human beings with dignity, attentive to the lives of others and to what Achille Mbembe calls the “living world”. We seek to repair that which is valuable to us, while also setting aside what cannot be fixed (for example colonialism and apartheid). The concept of repair is proposed as a lens to think about some disrepair challenges facing development: the enduring effects of history on justice, skewed global knowledge relations, and racism. The ideas are then applied to the space of education. A repair praxis framework is proposed based on four overlapping dimensions: conviviality as incompleteness; advancing epistemic freedoms; fostering transformational learning; and, spaces of dialogue and participation. The paper concludes with an example of renaming the world to repair the world and finally reminds us that we should pay attention to who we are with others, to what we repair, and to the kind of ancestors we choose to be for future generations. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2297917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2297917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2283224_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ana Petek Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Petek Author-Name: Ana Gavran Miloš Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Gavran Miloš Author-Name: Nebojša Zelič Author-X-Name-First: Nebojša Author-X-Name-Last: Zelič Title: Affiliation as Solidarity: Perspective of Vulnerable Groups Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of affiliation by developing a contextually sensitive mid-level theory comprising specific elements, layers, and factors of affiliation. Vulnerable groups are a locus of analysis because they are particularly sensitive to various forms of social exclusion or non-affiliation. A binary study of persons with physical disability and treated alcoholics in Croatia was conducted by focus group interviewing. Through thematic analysis, six different code patterns were detected—solidarity affiliation, identity affiliation, alcoholism affiliation, disability affiliation, disability exclusion, and alcoholism exclusion—that represent key respondents’ narratives on belonging. Crucial findings stress how vulnerable groups ground affiliation mostly in elements of solidarity rather than in terms of identity, how layers of affiliation (social and associational affiliation) are not so clearly differentiated but still deepen insights on affiliation, and how important factors enhancing affiliation are personal virtues which are not so prominent in theory. Therefore, the role of political institutions supporting affiliation as a meta-capability should be primarily set on solidarity affiliation, should nourish various layers of affiliation, and should be supported by citizens who care about their fellow citizens, especially those from vulnerable groups. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 61-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2283224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2283224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:61-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2333673_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Title: Hijacked: how neoliberalism turned the work ethic against workers and how workers can take it back Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 363-365 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2333673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2333673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:363-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2330175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: César Osorio Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: César Osorio Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Title: Democratising Participatory Research: Pathways to Social Justice from the South Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 362-363 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2330175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2330175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:362-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2336070_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Tracey Freiberg Author-X-Name-First: Tracey Author-X-Name-Last: Freiberg Author-Name: Deon Frederick Gibson Author-X-Name-First: Deon Author-X-Name-Last: Frederick Gibson Author-Name: Elaine Agyemang Tontoh Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Agyemang Author-X-Name-Last: Tontoh Title: The Triple Day Thesis Versus Neoclassical Models of Labour Supply: Alternative Perspectives and Policies Abstract: In this theoretical paper, we respond to the Triple Day Thesis (TDT) by positioning it within the context of the neoclassical labour supply literature and existing public policy. The TDT applies a theoretical lens to the practical experiences of mothers as they distribute time between self-reproductive, reproductive, and waged work. Self-reproductive work refers to self-care, self-investment, and self-realizable activities, including time for good sleep, schooling, and intellectual and social engagements that promote mothers’ human development and well-being. The TDT identifies the Triple Day Problem (TDP) as the lack of freedom or inability of mothers to engage in self-reproductive work as they balance the increasing demands of reproductive work with waged work and proposes Motherhood Compensation as a social policy solution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the existence of the TDP can be used to explain persistent gender differences in labour force participation. We envision the TDT as a novel theoretical approach to promoting mothers’ labour force participation and social mobility through self-reproductive work. We suggest that Motherhood Compensation can be created from a mix of already existing family programs, including paid leave, parental allowance, and cash transfer programs. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 305-326 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2336070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2336070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:305-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2333895_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Kopal Khare Author-X-Name-First: Kopal Author-X-Name-Last: Khare Author-Name: Lavanya Suresh Author-X-Name-First: Lavanya Author-X-Name-Last: Suresh Title: Women and Invisible Boundaries: A Case of Slippage in Sanitation in Two Gram Panchayats, Shravasti, UP, India Abstract: Sustainable management of water and sanitation is inextricably linked with women’s health and well-being. This paper investigates slippage in sanitation, experienced by women beneficiaries of the Swacch Bharat Mission Rural programme through Amartya Sen’s conception of justice. A total of 135 individuals were interviewed from 49 households in Kanjadwa and Madhnagar Manoharpur Gram Panchayats, Shravasti, India, out of which 90 were women. As per findings, 30% of women practice open defaecation despite possessing toilets, resulting in slippage. The Sanitation Well-being framework is deployed to study slippage and its linkage with women’s agency. Personal, cultural, and structural factors contributing to this are child marriage, denial of education and employment opportunities, slut shaming, victim blaming, domestic violence, and character assassination. These are made worse by the state adoption of misogynistic IEC messages that reinforce cultural stereotypes and worsen women's condition. In the quest to attain ODF status in Ikauna Block, UP, the current sanitation programme became a tool of suppression. Consequently, we understand that open defaecation among women is an outcome of the basic unfreedoms rather than a volitional choice that prevents them from experiencing sanitation well-being. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 281-304 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2333895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2333895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:281-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2335087_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Aristizábal Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Boni Author-X-Name-Last: Aristizábal Title: Message from the Editor Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 205-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2335087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2335087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:205-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2337800_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Henry H. Bi Author-X-Name-First: Henry H. Author-X-Name-Last: Bi Title: Measuring the Development Progress of Least Developed Countries: In the Context of World Development Abstract: This article measures the ten-year development progress of 47 least developed countries (LDCs) based on comparing the development performances of 217 countries and economies. A methodology based on the theory of statistical process control is used to evaluate development performances in three dimensions: per capita income, life expectancy, and education. This methodology uses a pair of average and standard deviation charts to measure each LDC’s degree of growth and stability of growth in each dimension of development, and uses the three standard deviation limits in each chart to identify exceptional development performances that are outside the upper or lower limit. This article has three key findings on the exceptional development performances of LDCs in the context of world development over 2010–2019: (1) Seventeen LDCs achieved exceptionally high increases in life expectancy; (2) one LDC achieved exceptionally high growth in per capita income, but two LDCs had exceptionally low performances in the growth of per capita income; and (3) six LDCs experienced exceptionally unstable growth of per capita income. These findings shed some light on the future development priorities for LDCs. The reliability of analysis is also discussed. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 327-357 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2337800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2337800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:327-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2336083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Paul Anand Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Title: Artificial Intelligence, Human Development and Impact Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 358-361 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2336083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2336083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:358-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2332376_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Boram Kimhur Author-X-Name-First: Boram Author-X-Name-Last: Kimhur Title: Measuring Housing Inequality with the Value of Freedom in the Capability Approach: Proposal and Demonstration Abstract: An ongoing question in capability research is how to incorporate the value of freedom into the measurement of inequality. This article proposes an approach to answering this question in the housing domain and its operationalisation. The approach places an evaluation focus to the conditions constraining or expanding housing choices in the dimensions of opportunity, security, and ability. For operationalisation, the study designed a measurement of multidimensional housing disadvantages (MHDs) using the Alkire-Foster method and data from the Netherlands. Indicators include the entitlement to housing tenure options, vulnerability in housing cost payments, and ability to plan finance for housing. The measurement outcome demonstrates that the MHDs measurement can provide information on whose housing choices are more intensely constrained, thus having a lower capability for housing, and whose current housing situation is likely a result of coerced choices. The findings indicate that adults living with housemates or family (latent households), youths, and those with precarious jobs have a significantly lower capability for housing compared to other population groups. This article also compares the freedom-oriented measure of MHDs with functioning-oriented and other conventional measures and discusses its distinguishing properties. This comparison suggests a need to revisit current policy priorities in addressing housing inequality. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 232-256 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2332376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2332376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:232-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2334415_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Irene van Staveren Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren Title: How Institutional Economics May Support the Analysis of Individual and Collective Capabilities Abstract: The analysis in this article starts from the recognition that institutions make an important part of the Capability Approach, as conversion factors from resources to capabilities and as affecting agency. The tradition of Old Institutional Economics is critical of the neoclassical view of the individual and agency and emphasises the importance of social context. Hence, there is some common ground between the Capability Approach (CA) and Old Institutional Economics (OIE). The purpose of this article is to explore how insights from OIE might enrich the CA both conceptually and empirically. This may be done for individual capabilities as well as for collective capabilities. A better understanding of collective resource-institutions and collective agency-institutions will also contribute to the analysis of capability expansion in the community economy through collective productive capabilities in commons, cooperatives and mutuals. The conclusion is that an understanding of institutions in the tradition of OIE may help to clarify the relationships between social norms and agency; complement the notion of constrained choice with enabling institutions; and point at how institutional transformation may support individual and collective capability expansion. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 206-231 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2334415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2334415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:206-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CJHD_A_2330885_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Barnali Chakraborty Author-X-Name-First: Barnali Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty Author-Name: Shrinivas Darak Author-X-Name-First: Shrinivas Author-X-Name-Last: Darak Author-Name: Haisma Hinke Author-X-Name-First: Haisma Author-X-Name-Last: Hinke Title: Operationalising the Capability Approach for Healthy Child Growth via a Participatory Method: An Illustrative Case in Haor Areas of Bangladesh Abstract: The Task Force “Towards a Multidimensional Index to Child Growth”, within the International Union of Nutritional Sciences, developed a capability framework for child growth (CFCG). This framework aims to redefine child growth monitoring, expanding beyond weight and height to encompass parental capabilities. We further operationalised the CFCG in hard-to-reach haor areas of Bangladesh, resulting in the publication of a list outlining parental capabilities for child growth. This paper details the methodology and participatory process employed, offering reflections on how our research followed the criteria proposed by Robeyns for identifying capabilities. First, we built a contextualised list of capabilities for child growth based on discussions with local experts. This list underwent further adaptation for haor regions in two rounds. Initially, we used a doxastic interviewing methodology to create a draft emic list of capabilities for child growth. Subsequently, utilising an epistemic methodology, we refined the list. The doxastic interviews focused on “understanding” the interviewees; the epistemic interviews facilitated equal communication between interviewer and interviewee, promoting knowledge co-creation. This rigorous approach validates the findings with the affected communities and supports implementation of the CFCG in policy and practice. This methodology could be extended to other pertinent research areas for capability scholars. Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Pages: 257-280 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2330885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2330885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:257-280