Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Khadija Haq
Author-X-Name-First: Khadija
Author-X-Name-Last: Haq
Author-Name: Richard Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Title: Editors' Introduction
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 7-8
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008728
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:7-8
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oscar Arias Snchez
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Arias
Author-X-Name-Last: Snchez
Title: The Legacy of Human Development: A tribute to Mahbub ul Haq
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 9-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008737
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:9-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: A Decade of Human Development
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 17-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008746
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008746
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:17-23
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Streeten
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten
Title: Looking Ahead: Areas of future research in human development
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 25-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008755
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008755
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:25-48
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Strategies for Success in Human Development
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 49-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008764
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008764
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:49-69
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khadija Haq
Author-X-Name-First: Khadija
Author-X-Name-Last: Haq
Title: Human Development Challenges in South Asia
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 71-82
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008773
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008773
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:71-82
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sudhir Anand
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhir
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Author-Name: Amartya Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: The Income Component of the Human Development Index
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 83-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008782
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008782
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:83-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephany Griffith-Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Stephany
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffith-Jones
Title: Towards a Better Financial Architecture
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 107-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008791
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008791
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:107-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Wade
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Wade
Title: Out of the Box: Rethinking the governance of international financial markets
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-157
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008809
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008809
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:145-157
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thanh-Dam Truong
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh-Dam
Author-X-Name-Last: Truong
Title: A Feminist Perspective on the Asian Miracle and Crisis: Enlarging the conceptual map of human development
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 159-164
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008818
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008818
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:159-164
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takatoshi Kato
Author-X-Name-First: Takatoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kato
Title: Lessons from the Asian Crisis
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 165-168
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880050008827
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880050008827
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:1:p:165-168
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Sweeny
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Sweeny
Title: The Networked World, New Technologies and the Future
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 183-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678043
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678043
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:183-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kalpana Bardhan
Author-X-Name-First: Kalpana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardhan
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: On UNDP's Revisions to the Gender-Related Development Index
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 191-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678044
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678044
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:191-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pablo Rodas-Martini
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodas-Martini
Title: Social Clauses in Regional Integration and Trade Preferential Schemes: A complicated relation but one that is making progress
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 197-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678040
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678040
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:197-217
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Women's Capabilities and Social Justice
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 219-247
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678045
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678045
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:219-247
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Alston
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Alston
Title: Towards a Human Rights Accountability Index
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 249-271
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678039
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678039
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:249-271
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siddiqur Rahman Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: Siddiqur Rahman
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Human Rights to Food, Health, and Education
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 273-298
Issue: 2
Volume: 1
Year: 2000
X-DOI: 10.1080/713678042
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713678042
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:1:y:2000:i:2:p:273-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tariq Banuri
Author-X-Name-First: Tariq
Author-X-Name-Last: Banuri
Author-Name: Erika Spanger-Siegfried
Author-X-Name-First: Erika
Author-X-Name-Last: Spanger-Siegfried
Title: The Global Compact and the Human Economy
Abstract:
This essay examines the United Nations' (UN) Global Compact Initiative
(GCI) from the perspective of the human economy — namely, the
system of production and consumption that caters to the needs of the vast
majority of the world's population and, in particular, those of the
poorest segments. It argues that, while the ethical foundations proposed
in the GCI are themselves not a subject of dispute or controversy, the
test of the initiative will lie in the manner that its provisions are
interpreted, and particularly the impact that these interpretations will
have on the human economy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 7-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050147
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050147
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:7-17
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Greathead
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Greathead
Author-Name: Kiku Loomis
Author-X-Name-First: Kiku
Author-X-Name-Last: Loomis
Author-Name: Wendy Rhein
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Rhein
Title: Business and Human Rights in the Year 2000
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 19-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050156
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050156
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:19-26
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerald Helleiner
Author-X-Name-First: Gerald
Author-X-Name-Last: Helleiner
Title: Markets, Politics and Globalization: Can the global economy be civilized?
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 27-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050165
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050165
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:27-46
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Pettifor
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Pettifor
Title: Global Economic Justice: Human rights for debtor nations
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 47-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050174
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050174
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:47-51
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leif Pagrotsky
Author-X-Name-First: Leif
Author-X-Name-Last: Pagrotsky
Title: Instruments to Shape Globalization
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 53-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050183
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:53-58
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Pogge
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge
Title: Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a global resources dividend
Abstract:
Article 25: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for
the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food,
clothing, housing and medical care. Article 28: Everyone is entitled to a
social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth
in this Declaration can be fully realized. (Universal Declaration of Human
Rights) In two earlier essays (Pogge, 1994, 1998a), I have sketched and
defended the proposal of a global resources dividend. This proposal was
meant to show that there are feasible alternative ways of organizing our
global economic order, that the choice among these alternatives makes a
substantial difference to how much severe poverty there is worldwide, and
that there are weighty moral reasons to make this choice so as to minimize
such poverty. My proposal has evoked some critical responses (Kesselring,
1997; Reichel, 1997; Crisp and Jamieson, 2000) and spirited defenses
(Kreide, 1998; Mandle, 2000) in the academy. But if it is to help reduce
severe poverty, the proposal must be convincing not only to academics, but
also to the people in governments and international organizations who are
practically involved in poverty eradication efforts. I am most grateful
therefore for the opportunity to present a concise and improved version of
the argument in this journal.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 59-77
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050246
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:59-77
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Correa
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Correa
Title: The TRIPS Agreement: How much room for maneuver?
Abstract:
The access to and use of information and technology for development is
subject to intellectual property rights. During the past decade,
particularly with the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement, the rights of
intellectual property right (IPR) holders have been expanded and
strengthened. This is likely to affect the scope and modalities of access
to information and technologies needed for development. This paper
examines, in Section 1, the main characteristics of the TRIPS Agreement.
Section 2 presents the ways in which World Trade Organizations (WTO)
member countries have used the flexibility left by the Agreement at the
national level in order to promote a competitive access to goods and
technologies. It examines, in particular, the use of parallel imports,
exceptions to exclusive rights and compulsory licenses for that purpose.
Section 3 briefly analyses the criteria of interpretation applied under
the WTO dispute settlement system in TRIPS-related cases, while Section 4
discusses the normative implications of the Agreement in countries in
different levels of development and in selected sectors.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 79-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050192
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050192
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:79-107
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: The Implications of TRIPS: Ethics, health and human rights
Abstract:
It is only recently that discussion on intellectual property is being
addressed within the framework of human rights. Yet, the human right to
the protection of intellectual property dates back 50 years to the basic
human rights text - the Declaration on Human Rights of 1948. The right was
included in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights under Article 15. Only yesterday, the monitoring committee of the
Covenant began to examine that article, as a means of exploring the human
rights dimensions of the protection of intellectual property. I have been
asked to speak about the human rights implications of the intellectual
property protection over pharmaceuticals. In doing so, I will focus on the
question of accessing HIV treatments. I wish to pose three questions. -
Why is accessing HIV treatments a human rights issue? - What is a human
rights approach to intellectual property protection? - Is intellectual
property protection, as required by the TRIPS Agreement, consistent with
the obligations of states under human rights law?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 109-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050200
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050200
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:109-114
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jong-Wha Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jong-Wha
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Education for Technology Readiness: Prospects for Developing Countries
Abstract:
The technology gap between developing and advanced countries has been
increasing during the last few decades. In the process of technology
development human capital plays a critical role as an absorption capacity
for new technologies in developing countries. The cross-country regression
shows that human capital interacts with inflows of foreign technology
embodied in machinery imports as well as FDI, and thereby contributes to
technology growth in developing countries. We also find that the stock of
human capital, at the secondary and tertiary levels of education in
particular, plays a key role in determining the development of information
and communication technology.This paper discusses the measures in building
appropriate human capacities for the adaptation of new technologies in
developing countries by focusing on the education strategies of East Asian
economies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 115-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050219
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050219
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:115-151
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gita Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Gita
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: Review of Eliminating World Poverty: Making globalization work for the poor. DFID White Paper on International Development, 2000
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 153-155
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120050228
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120050228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:1:p:153-155
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Barry
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Barry
Title: The Ethical Assessment of Technological Change: An overview of the issues
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 167-189
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067257
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067257
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:167-189
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geoffrey Kirkman
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkman
Title: Out of the Labs and Into the Developing World: Using appropriate technologies to promote truly global Internet diffusion
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 191-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067266
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067266
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:191-237
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel Cohen
Author-X-Name-First: Joel
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen
Title: Harnessing Biotechnology for the Poor: Challenges ahead for capacity, safety and public investment
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 239-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067275
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067275
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:239-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Devesh Kapur
Author-X-Name-First: Devesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapur
Title: Diasporas and Technology Transfer
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 265-286
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067284
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067284
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:265-286
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ha-Joon Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Ha-Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Title: Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development: Historical lessons and emerging issues
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 287-309
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067293
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067293
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:287-309
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andres Rodriguez-Clare
Author-X-Name-First: Andres
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez-Clare
Title: Costa Rica's Development Strategy based on Human Capital and Technology: How it got there, the impact of Intel, and lessons for other countries
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-324
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2001
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120067301
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120067301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:2:y:2001:i:2:p:311-324
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Streeten
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten
Title: Reflections on Social and Antisocial Capital
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 7-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105362
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105362
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:7-22
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Author-Name: Stefano Pettinato
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Pettinato
Title: A Conceptual Primer on the Currents and Trends in Inequality
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 23-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105371
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105371
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:23-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carol Graham
Author-X-Name-First: Carol
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham
Title: Mobility, Opportunity and Vulnerability: The Dynamics of Poverty and Inequality in a Global Economy
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 57-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105380
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105380
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:57-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meghnad Desai
Author-X-Name-First: Meghnad
Author-X-Name-Last: Desai
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Claes Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Claes
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Author-Name: Fransisco Sagasti
Author-X-Name-First: Fransisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Sagasti
Title: Measuring the Technology Achievement of Nations and the Capacity to Participate in the Network Age
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 95-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105399
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105399
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:95-122
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lipton
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipton
Author-Name: Saurabh Sinha
Author-X-Name-First: Saurabh
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha
Author-Name: Rachel Blackman
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Blackman
Title: Reconnecting Agricultural Technology to Human Development
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 123-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880120105407
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880120105407
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:1:p:123-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Falk
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Falk
Title: Reviving the 1990s Trend toward Transnational Justice: Innovations and Institutions
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 167-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147293
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147293
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:167-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jandhyala Tilak
Author-X-Name-First: Jandhyala
Author-X-Name-Last: Tilak
Title: Education and Poverty
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 191-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147301
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:191-207
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrique Peruzzotti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Peruzzotti
Author-Name: Catalina Smulovitz
Author-X-Name-First: Catalina
Author-X-Name-Last: Smulovitz
Title: Held to Account: Experiences of Social Accountability in Latin America
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 209-230
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147310
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147310
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:209-230
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siddiq Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: Siddiq
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Expanding Voice and Accountability through the Budgetary Process
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 231-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147329
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147329
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:231-250
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerry Helleiner
Author-X-Name-First: Gerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Helleiner
Title: Local Ownership and Donor Performance Monitoring: New Aid Relationships in Tanzania?
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 251-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147338
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147338
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:251-261
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Title: Statisticians of the World Unite: The Human Development Challenge Awaits
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 263-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147347
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147347
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:263-272
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frikkie Booysen
Author-X-Name-First: Frikkie
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen
Title: The Extent of and Explanations for International Disparities in Human Security
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 273-300
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147356
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147356
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:273-300
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramakrushna Panigrahi
Author-X-Name-First: Ramakrushna
Author-X-Name-Last: Panigrahi
Author-Name: Sashi Sivramkrishna
Author-X-Name-First: Sashi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sivramkrishna
Title: An Adjusted Human Development Index: Robust Country Rankings with Respect to the Choice of Fixed Maximum and Minimum Indicator Values
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 301-311
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2002
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880220147365
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880220147365
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:3:y:2002:i:2:p:301-311
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Kaldor
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaldor
Title: Civil Society and Accountability
Abstract:
This paper addresses the question of whether trust in civil society
groups is justified when it comes to giving voice to the poor. It
addresses the issue of accountability as it relates to civil society,
defining "moral' accountability as an organization's accountability
towards the people it was established to help, and procedural
accountability as internal management. It draws a distinction between
civil society and non-governmental organizations, and argues that the
contradiction between "moral' and "procedural' accountability
applies primarily to non-governmental organizations, a subset of civil
society. Beginning with an overview of the concept of civil society and
the relevance of voice, it develops a typology of civil society actors to
clarify different forms of accountability, and concludes with policy
recommendations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Accountability, Civil Society, The State, Non-Governmental Organisations, Governance, Management,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051469
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:5-27
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naomi Sakr
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakr
Title: Freedom of Expression, Accountability and Development in the Arab Region
Abstract:
Mechanisms for ensuring government transparency and accountability have
yet to become established in the Arab region, where oil rents and security
rents have traditionally enabled governments to provide jobs and services
without having to rely heavily, if at all, on raising revenue through
personal income tax on citizens. Yet various forms of resource
mobilization, which will be needed in future, are likely to require a
greater degree of accountability from those responsible for such
mobilization. This paper considers whether a move in this direction is
under way. It reviews government approaches to freedom of expression in
the media and among non- governmental organizations. It notes changes that
have taken place in this sphere since the start of the 1990s, not all of
them positive, and concludes that many more steps remain to be taken if
media organizations and non-governmental organizations are to exert
pressure for accountability on behalf of citizens, and especially the
disadvantaged.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 29-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Accountability, Civil Society, Non-Governmental Organisations, The Media, Governance, Transparency,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051478
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051478
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:29-46
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Bloom
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Bloom
Author-Name: David Canning
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Canning
Title: The Health and Poverty of Nations: From theory to practice
Abstract:
Health is both a direct component of human well-being and a form of human
capital that increases an individual's capabilities. We argue that these
two views are complementary and that both can be used to justify increased
investment in health in developing countries. In particular, we argue that
the large effect improved health has on household incomes and economic
growth makes it an important tool for poverty reduction. We survey the
literature on the link between improvements in health and improved
economic growth at the national level and also the link between
improvements in health and improved productivity and wages at the
household level. The theoretical arguments and related empirical evidence
demonstrate a large effect of health improvements on productivity,
household incomes, and economic growth. Given the large payoffs to health
that exist in developing countries, we assess how health can be improved.
We also argue that the income gains that result from health interventions
can potentially feed back into better health in a process of cumulative
causality, suggesting a fundamentally new rationale for greater spending
on health in developing countries. In addition, we contend that, for
health sector policies to be successful, there needs to be deep
institutional change at the international, national, and local levels that
puts greater emphasis on the health sector, and in particular that focuses
on the health needs the poor themselves identify as important. The HIV/
AIDS epidemic represents the major challenge for health in many developing
countries today. We use this as a test case showing how successful health
interventions require not just increased spending, but also a profound
commitment to change by all sectors of society.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 47-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Health, Health Sector, Poverty, Economic Growth, Poverty, Productivity, Hiv/AIDS,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051487
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051487
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:47-71
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadir Habibi
Author-X-Name-First: Nadir
Author-X-Name-Last: Habibi
Author-Name: Cindy Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Cindy
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Diego Miranda
Author-X-Name-First: Diego
Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda
Author-Name: Victoria Murillo
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Murillo
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Mainak Sarkar
Author-X-Name-First: Mainak
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarkar
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Decentralization and Human Development in Argentina
Abstract:
The human development impact of decentralization is the central focus of
this paper, which addresses evolving patterns of fiscal decentralization
in Argentina based on health and education indicators. The authors use
previously unavailable data to look at decentralization in Argentina over
time, and to document the positive impact of devolutionary
decentralization on health and education, and the empirical relationship
between fiscal decentralization and human development. The aim is to shift
the focus of the general debate on decentralization away from purely
budgetary issues.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 73-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Decentralization, Fiscal Decentralization, Argentina, Human Development, Health, Education, Budgets, Macro-Economics,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051496
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:73-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mauricio Olavarria-Gambi
Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio
Author-X-Name-Last: Olavarria-Gambi
Title: Poverty Reduction in Chile: Has economic growth been enough?
Abstract:
This paper analyses the relationship between growth, education, health
status, and poverty in Chile. A comparative analysis with four countries
is also undertaken. It is argued that long government involvement in
social services has been a key factor in enabling many sectors of the
population to increase their human capital, making it possible for them to
take advantage of the opportunities given by growth to escape poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 103-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Chile, Latin America, Poverty, Social Policy, Economic Growth,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051504
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051504
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:103-123
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dharam Ghai
Author-X-Name-First: Dharam
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghai
Title: Social Security: Learning from global experience to reach the poor
Abstract:
This paper discusses the central features of four models of social
security -- classical, socialist, transition, and developing country --
looking at the coverage provided and the institutions and financing of
social security in different contexts. It explores different ways of
providing social security to the entire population in developing
countries, and particularly ways of meeting the priority social security
needs of the excluded majority in poor countries.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 125-150
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Social Security, Poverty, Developing Countries,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051513
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051513
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:125-150
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Streeten
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Streeten
Title: Book Review
Abstract:
This article does not have an abstract
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 151-155
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000051522
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051522
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:1:p:151-155
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Title: New Threats to Human Security in the Era of Globalization
Abstract:
This paper makes a case for analysing the new insecurities introduced or
worsened by globalization from a human security perspective. The author
examines the ways in which globalization is changing the word --
economically, politically, and in terms of information and communications
technology -- and then reviews the new insecurities that require policy
attention. The paper specifically tackles the issues of global crime,
trafficking in humans, instability in financial markets, threats to job
security, the spread of disease and internal conflicts.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 167-179
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Globalization, Human Security, Human Development, Poverty, Inequality, Human Rights, Crime, Human Trafficking, Conflict, Crisis,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087523
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087523
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:167-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lincoln Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Lincoln
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Vasant Narasimhan
Author-X-Name-First: Vasant
Author-X-Name-Last: Narasimhan
Title: Human Security and Global Health
Abstract:
The authors consider the ways in which the concept of human security
expands understanding of the links between health and human development.
After discussing the emergence of the concept of human security, they
examine the ways in which human security is linked to global health,
particularly as regards violence and conflict, global infectious diseases,
and poverty and inequality. The authors then draw out the implications for
policy-making.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 181-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Health, Human Security, Disease, Crisis, Poverty, Inequality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087532
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087532
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:181-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Heymann
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymann
Title: The Evolving Infectious Disease Threat: Implications for national and global security
Abstract:
This paper discusses the ways in which the sharply increased danger of
bio-terrorism has made infectious diseases a priority in defence and
intelligence circles. Against this background, the author sets out a
central principle of global public health security: a strengthened
capacity to detect and contain naturally caused outbreaks is the only
rational way to defend the world against the threat of a bio-terrorist
attack. He then discusses the three trends that underscore this point:
vulnerability of all nations to epidemics, the capacity of a disease such
as AIDS to undermine government and society, and the way in which the
determinants of national security have been re-defined in the post-Cold
War era.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 191-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Infectious Disease, Epidemics, Microbials, Terrorism, Hiv/AIDS, Governance, Human Security,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087541
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087541
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:191-207
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephany Griffith-Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Stephany
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffith-Jones
Author-Name: Jenny Kimmis
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimmis
Title: International Financial Volatility
Abstract:
The authors argue for reforms in the international financial system to
deliver sufficient and sufficiently stable private and public flows, and
to sustain more rapid growth and investment in developing countries. The
paper begins with an analysis of the way in which international financial
volatility impacts on developing countries, and how financial and economic
crises often become social crises with devastating consequences for human
security, giving illustrations from Indonesia and Argentina. The authors
then critically analyse current plans for reform of the international
financial system, and make recommendations to strengthen global
regulation, provide liquidity, arranged for orderly debt workouts,
democratize global governance, and protect the poor during periods of
financial disturbance.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 209-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Finance, Economics, Poverty, Human Security, Governance, Debt,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087550
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087550
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:209-225
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Bach
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Bach
Title: Global Mobility, Inequality and Security
Abstract:
A human security perspective can help the international community design
an international migration regime that responds to today's economic and
political forces. The international refugee protection system, built on
the experience of two world wars and inspired by the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, enabled states to protect people suffering from political
persecution and, at the same time, to defend their territory. The complex
motives for migration today render this regime inadequate. This paper
examines four policy areas to serve as examples of how a human security
agenda could assist in developing new international approaches to global
mobility. They include a focus on brain/skills drain, emigration policies,
human trafficking, and competing state-centered, security claims between
sending and receiving communities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 227-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Migration, Human Security, Human Trafficking, Brain Drain,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087569
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087569
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:227-245
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michele Anne Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Michele Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Trafficking in Persons: An issue of human security
Abstract:
This paper discusses trafficking in persons within a human security
framework by identifying factors that heighten the insecurity of women and
children within countries of origin, transit and destination. The author
begins by reviewing the definitions in use and assessing the scope of the
problem, and describing vulnerable populations and harmful practices. The
paper then addresses conditions of vulnerability, including economic
conditions, the entrenchment of organized crime, and civil war and unrest.
It examines responses to the problem in countries of origin, transit, and
destination, and concludes with recommendations for future policy
intervention.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 247-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Trafficking, Human Security, Crime, Gender, Children, The Economy, Crisis, Italy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087578
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:247-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Vaux
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaux
Author-Name: Francie Lund
Author-X-Name-First: Francie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lund
Title: Working Women And Security: Self Employed Women's Association's response to crisis
Abstract:
India's Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) is an organization of
women who work informally. Between 1989 and 2001, the areas in which they
live and work were affected by cyclones, drought, and earthquake. This
paper traces SEWA's response to these crises. It consistently focuses on
the importance of income in sustaining livelihoods in the face of crisis.
It tries to turn crisis to opportunity, often working in partnership with,
and always trying to influence, government; it extends its policy
influence by participating in key government commissions and committees.
SEWA has developed a battery of institutions (such as the insurance
scheme) aimed at reducing risk and increasing security. We suggest that
SEWA's members -- who are poor working women -- have developed a more
appropriate response to disasters than have governments and aid agencies.
In the search for human security, international agencies should pay
greater attention to addressing the long-term vulnerability of poorer
people. Greater attention should in general be given to the way that
"manmade' economic policies and programmes can increase the risks
that poor people face.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 265-287
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Women, Employment, Informal Sector, Poverty, Crisis, Disaster, The Enivironment, India, Gujarat,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087587
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:265-287
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjeev Khagram
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjeev
Author-X-Name-Last: Khagram
Author-Name: William Clark
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Dana Firas Raad
Author-X-Name-First: Dana Firas
Author-X-Name-Last: Raad
Title: From the Environment and Human Security to Sustainable Security and Development
Abstract:
This paper argues for a broader emphasis on sustainable security and
sustainable development, and for examining both opportunities as well as
threats to security. The authors note that many of the significant risks
arising from human and natural interactions do not emerge at global or
local levels, but at intermediate scales. They look at what different
conceptual frameworks have to contribute to our understanding and review
lessons from experience, illustrating where possible with work on water.
The authors conclude by offering implications for an agenda of action,
including interconnected frameworks, coalitions for change, interlocking
institutional arrangements and disaggregated goals and indicators.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 289-313
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Environment, Sustainable Development, Human Development, Human Security, Water, Disaster, Sustainable Livelihoods,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000087604
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000087604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:2:p:289-313
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Title: Editor's Introduction
Abstract:
This article does not have an abstract
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 323-324
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:323-324
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
"Quand les riches se font la guerre ce sont les pauvres qui meurent'
Jean-Paul Sartre Le Diable et le Bon Dieu (1951) This paper reviews the
effect of armed conflicts on development and, in particular, on the
prospects of achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It explores the
economic behaviour of countries affected by conflict and identifies the
impact on different types of entitlement and in terms of human costs,
particularly nutrition, health and education. It proposes a range of
policy options that can be adopted towards countries at war.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 325-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Conflict, War, Poverty, Peace, Human Development, Macro- Economics, Debt, Aid, Relief, Health, Education, Nutrition, Politics, Culture,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:325-351
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angus Deaton
Author-X-Name-First: Angus
Author-X-Name-Last: Deaton
Title: How to Monitor Poverty for the Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
I consider two issues concerning how to monitor global poverty for the
Millennium Development Goals, the selection of poverty lines, and the data
sources for monitoring poverty over time. I discuss the choice of a single
international line, converted using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange
rates, versus the use of country- specific poverty lines. I note the
difficulties in constructing PPP exchange rates but argue in favor of a
single international line, converted at PPP rates, which would be
regularly updated using domestic price indexes. Re-basing, using updated
PPP rates, would be done infrequently. For example, if the global poverty
numbers were estimated annually, the PPP rates might be updated once a
decade. In any case, it is important that the poverty estimates be
calculated much more frequently than the PPP rates are revised. I discuss
whether monitoring should be performed using national accounts data on
income or consumption, supplemented by distributional data so as to make
inferences about poverty, or using data from household survey data. I
argue that data from the national accounts are not suitable for measuring
poverty and that their use requires assumptions that are unlikely to hold.
In particular, monitoring poverty through the national accounts runs the
risk of pre- judging important issues that are properly the subject of
measurement, not assumption, such as the extent to which aggregate growth
benefits the poor. I argue that poverty should be directly measured using
household survey data, and I discuss what needs to be done to enable such
monitoring to be placed on a sounder basis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 353-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Poverty, Monitoring, Measurement, Purchasing Power Parity, National Accounts, Household Surveys,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125746
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:353-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Author-Name: Jennifer Leavy
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Leavy
Author-Name: Andrew Masters
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Masters
Title: Comparative Perspectives on Child Poverty: A review of poverty measures
Abstract:
Child poverty matters directly because children constitute a large share
of the population, and indirectly for future individual and national
well-being. Developed country measures of child poverty are dominated by
income-poverty, although health and education are often included. But
these are not necessarily the most direct measures of the things that
matter to children. Moreover, a broader range of factors than material
well-being matter for child development; family and community play an
important role. The conclusion is that social and psychological variables
are an important component of child welfare. Can such a conclusion be
extended to developing countries? It might be thought not, since the
dictates of a focus on absolute poverty imply concern with fundamentals
such as malnutrition, illiteracy and premature death, and the things that
cause these outcomes. But such a view is short-sighted. Child development
concerns are at least as important in developing countries as developed
ones, if less well understood. Hence, approaches to child welfare in
developing countries (both measurement and policy) should also adopt a
broad-based approach that embraces diverse aspects of the quality of a
child' s life, including child rights.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 379-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Children, Poverty, Income-Poverty, Child Development, Family, Education, Health,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125755
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:379-396
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alberto Minujin
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Minujin
Author-Name: Enrique Delamonica
Author-X-Name-First: Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Delamonica
Title: Mind the Gap! Widening Child Mortality Disparities
Abstract:
In parallel to the substantial expansion in global economic transactions
and growth during the 1990s, there is evidence that the number of poor has
increased and that income disparity among and within countries grew as
well. There is, however, considerably less evidence about the situation of
children related to these matters. Within this context, this paper
explores the evolution of social disparities by analysing the trends in
the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) by wealth level. It is common knowledge
that child mortality is higher among the poorest than the richest.
However, the size of this mortality gap or the way it varies in relation
to the absolute level of child mortality is not as well known. This paper
shows, based on a sample of 24 developing countries with comparable
surveys, that the U5MR of the bottom quintile of the distribution of
wealth is, on average, 2.2 times bigger than that of the wealthiest
quintile. This means that, taking into account the greater fertility of
poorer households, a child from a family belonging to the bottom quintile
of the wealth distribution is three times more likely to die before age 5
than a child belonging to the top quintile. The trends over time show that
U5MR differentials remained constant over time in a few countries, but
worsened in the majority of them. Only two countries with relatively small
populations were able to achieve both a reduction in average U5MR and a
decline of U5MR disparities. The implications of this finding for
achieving the U5MR Millennium Development Goal is discussed. Under the
top-down approach, extrapolating past trends, only six of the 24 countries
would reach the goal. However, under the egalitarian approach, 16 of them
would attain the two-thirds required reduction. The relation between
changes in U5MR differentials and changes in income inequality does not
seem to be pronounced, thus suggesting that social policy may play an
important role in reducing U5MR disparity.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-418
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Children, Mortality, Poverty, Under-5 Mortality Rate, Fertility,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125764
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:397-418
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacques Charmes
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Charmes
Author-Name: Saskia Wieringa
Author-X-Name-First: Saskia
Author-X-Name-Last: Wieringa
Title: Measuring Women's Empowerment: An assessment of the Gender-related Development Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure
Abstract:
This paper describes work underway to enrich the present tools to measure
women's empowerment -- particularly the Gender-related Development Index
(GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The authors are developing
an African Gender and Development Index (AGDI) on behalf of the Economic
Commission for Africa, which is to be launched in 2004. The paper begins
with a discussion of gender and power concepts, and then introduces a
Women' s Empowerment Matrix as a tool to help link socio-cultural,
religious, political, legal, and economic spheres. It then raises some of
the difficulties related to the calculation of the GDI and GEM, which the
authors are taking into account in the AGDI.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 419-435
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Gender, Monitoring, Measurement, Human Development Index, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125773
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:419-435
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sashi Sivramkrishna
Author-X-Name-First: Sashi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sivramkrishna
Author-Name: Ramakrushna Panigrahi
Author-X-Name-First: Ramakrushna
Author-X-Name-Last: Panigrahi
Title: Articulating Uneven Regional Development: Artificial intelligence as a tool in development planning
Abstract:
There is an urgent need for more efficient and effective design,
targeting and implementation of interventions to reduce regional
imbalances in development. To do so, development agencies and
practitioners need to articulate uneven regional development as regional
inequalities in, and patterns of, development. The widespread popularity
of composite indices like the Human Development Index has led to the
acceptance of regional inequalities as a basis for intervention. However,
in computing composite indices of development like the Human Development
Index, information that could be of great utility to planners is lost.
This is especially important when planners work on smaller spaces and
several indicators of development. There is then a need to also articulate
patterns of development for optimal intervention. Unfortunately, the
conventional statistical methods to discern patterns in development are
complex and have not found widespread acceptance like composite indices.
Artificial intelligence, in particular the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map, is
a user-friendly tool for development planners and practitioners to explore
patterns in development. An application with several indicators over 399
Indian districts illustrates the need to study development patterns. This
paper also makes clear the versatility of the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map
technique in exploring these regional patterns of development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 437-456
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2003
Keywords: Development, Regional Development, Human Development Index, Artificial Intelligence,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988032000125782
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:4:y:2003:i:3:p:437-456
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Manor
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Manor
Title: Democratisation with Inclusion: political reforms and people's empowerment at the grassroots
Abstract:
This paper reviews recent approaches by developing country governments to
include ordinary people, particularly the poor, in democratic processes so
as to benefit the people and protect democracy itself. Three issues
currently characterise all aspects of government: centrist approaches,
fiscal constraints, and resistance to reform. There have been five types
of approaches to political reform, including elected councils, user
committees, and other mechanisms, as well as efforts to engage civil
society and elites in the process. This paper discusses how these efforts
can be facilitated, and how to tackle resistance to reform, before going
on to look at ways to measure the impact of such reforms.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Democracy, Government, Poverty, Politics, Participation, Local development, Devolution, Accountability, Civil society,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660193
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Faye
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Faye
Author-Name: John McArthur
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: McArthur
Author-Name: Jeffrey Sachs
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Sachs
Author-Name: Thomas Snow
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Snow
Title: The Challenges Facing Landlocked Developing Countries
Abstract:
In spite of technological improvements in transport, landlocked
developing countries continue to face structural challenges to accessing
world markets. As a result, landlocked countries often lag behind their
maritime neighbours in overall development and external trade. While the
relatively poor performance of many landlocked countries can be attributed
to distance from coast, this paper argues that several aspects of
dependence on transit neighbours are also important. Four such types of
dependence are discussed: dependence on neighbours' infrastructure;
dependence on sound cross-border political relations; dependence on
neighbours' peace and stability; and dependence on neighbours'
administrative practices. These factors combine to yield different sets of
challenges and priorities in each landlocked country. The paper concludes
with a brief set of policy recommendations. A detailed appendix presents
maps and regional overviews that outline key challenges facing the
landlocked countries in each region.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 31-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Globalization, Landlocked countries, Geography, Transit, Transport, Conflict, Markets, Economy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660201
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Title: Global Development Goals: the United Nations experience
Abstract:
This paper reviews experience since governments first began, through the
United Nations, setting time-bound quantitative goals to serve as
guidelines and benchmarks for national and international action and
development assistance. It argues that, contrary to much opinion, many of
these goals have had a major influence on subsequent action and many have
been largely or considerably achieved. It discusses approaches to
implementation adopted in the United Nations Development Decades as well
as by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF), and the Bretton Woods' structural adjustment programmes. It
underlines the need for a more nuanced and critical approach to what is
meant by goal achievement, drawing on the experience of the Water Decade
and the child survival revolution. It examines the ways in which global
goals were costed, and draws lessons for the pursuit of the Millennium
Development Goals. Appendix 1 summarizes the wide range of goals, targets
and results adopted and the results achieved.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 69-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, United Nations, Development, Child mortality, Smallpox, Malaria, Polio, Water and sanitation decade, Bretton Woods Institutions, Economic growth,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660210
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:69-95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricardo Fuentes
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuentes
Author-Name: Andres Montes
Author-X-Name-First: Andres
Author-X-Name-Last: Montes
Title: Mexico and the Millennium Development Goals at the Subnational Level
Abstract:
This paper reviews Mexico's mixed track record in pursuing the Millennium
Development Goals, with progress in health and education but a seemingly
entrenched problem of poverty. Given that the country is one of the most
equal in Latin America, the paper goes on to disaggregate the data and
analysis to subgroups or regions. Regional disparities are stark in terms
of education and infrastructure, as well as in poverty, with a North-
South divide in the country and indigenous groups worst off in terms of
poverty, illiteracy levels, gender equity and basic infrastructure.
Nevertheless, there are positive trends based on an assessment that shows
slow but steady convergence across three variables, life expectancy,
education enrollment and literacy rates. The paper recommends focus on
vulnerable subgroups and regions learning from successful national
programs.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 97-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Poverty, Vulnerability, Regional development, Basic services, Education, Health, Economic development, Mexico,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660229
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:97-120
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solita Collas-Monsod
Author-X-Name-First: Solita
Author-X-Name-Last: Collas-Monsod
Author-Name: Toby Monsod
Author-X-Name-First: Toby
Author-X-Name-Last: Monsod
Author-Name: Geoffrey Ducanes
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Ducanes
Title: Philippines' Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals: geographical and political correlates of subnational outcomes
Abstract:
While the Philippines seems to be on track towards achieving some
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), subnational disparities exist
indicating possible patterns of isolation or discrimination. This paper
examines whether and how geographical and political economy factors help
to explain these disparities, focusing specifically on the MDG targets
most closely related to the Human Development Index: poverty incidence,
per- capita income, infant mortality and primary education completion
rates. The paper shows that climate, topography and other spatial factors
affect the pace of communities with respect to human development targets.
In addition, history and institutions also play a role: provinces
characterized by ongoing social-political or socio-cultural conflicts with
the state, or those governed by local political dynasties, are lagging on
most outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 121-149
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Geography, Political Economy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880310001660238
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:1:p:121-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Hulme
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hulme
Title: Thinking 'Small' and the Understanding of Poverty: Maymana and Mofizul's story
Abstract:
Recent thinking on poverty and poverty reduction tend to be 'big' in
terms of ideas, units of analysis, datasets, plans and ambitions. While
recognizing the benefits of such approaches, this paper argues that
researchers should counterbalance and supplement big ideas through
'thinking small'. In this context, the life history of a single household
in Bangladesh, that of Maymana and Mofizul, confirms much current thinking
about persistent poverty in that country: major health 'shocks' can
impoverish families, and social exclusion, based on gender, age and
disability, keeps people poor. This story also raises challenges to
contemporary orthodoxies, and new insights, such as plans for poverty
reduction that underestimate the role that the family and informal agents
play in welfare provision and exaggerate the role of poverty reduction
professionals. In conclusion, the paper points to the personal agency of
Mofizul and Maymana — they may be down but they are not out.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Chronic poverty, Life history approach, Bangladesh, Female- headed households,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225104
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Lwanga-Ntale
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Lwanga-Ntale
Author-Name: Kimberley McClean
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberley
Author-X-Name-Last: McClean
Title: The Face of Chronic Poverty in Uganda from the Poor's Perspective: constraints and opportunities
Abstract:
This paper examines the factors influencing chronic poverty in Uganda
from the perspective of the poor. The findings are based on participatory
poverty assessments conducted in 23 urban and 57 rural sites covering 21
districts. The paper examines: the view of the poor on the definitions of
chronic poverty, the types of people who are chronically poor and why;
opportunities and constraints for moving out of poverty; the effects of
government policies; and suggestions for improvements. The findings
suggest that the factors driving and maintaining poverty often are
transmitted inter-generationally, and certain categories of people, such
as the disabled, women and refugees, are more vulnerable than others.
Also, ineffective local governance and government policies seem to prevent
the chronically poor from escaping the poverty trap.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 177-194
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Chronic poverty, Qualitative data, policy, Inter-generationally transmitted poverty,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225113
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:177-194
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shashanka Bhide
Author-X-Name-First: Shashanka
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhide
Author-Name: Aasha Kapur Mehta
Author-X-Name-First: Aasha Kapur
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta
Title: Chronic Poverty in Rural India: issues and findings from panel data
Abstract:
The distinction between chronic or extended duration poverty and
transient poverty is rarely made in the substantial literature on poverty
in South Asia. This paper first reviews the limited panel data-based
literature on chronic poverty in the region, and then uses panel data that
longitudinally track around 3000 households to try and identify the
factors that influenced or constrained changes in poverty status between
1970/1971 and 1981/ 1982. Data on consumption expenditure and estimates of
the poverty line were used to classify households as poor or non-poor and
then to divide them into four categories to capture mobility or immobility
in the context of poverty. The categories are those households who were
poor initially and remained poor over one decade, those who were non-poor
and became poor, those who were poor initially and became non-poor, and
those who remained non-poor in both surveys.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 195-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Chronic poverty, Escaping poverty, Persistence, Longitudinal, Panel data,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225122
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225122
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:195-209
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anirudh Krishna
Author-X-Name-First: Anirudh
Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna
Author-Name: Patti Kristjanson
Author-X-Name-First: Patti
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristjanson
Author-Name: Maren Radeny
Author-X-Name-First: Maren
Author-X-Name-Last: Radeny
Author-Name: Wilson Nindo
Author-X-Name-First: Wilson
Author-X-Name-Last: Nindo
Title: Escaping Poverty and Becoming Poor in 20 Kenyan Villages
Abstract:
Three hundred and sixteen households in 20 western Kenyan villages
— 19% of all households in these villages — managed
successfully to escape from poverty in the past 25 years. However, another
325 households (i.e. 19% of all households of these villages) fell into
abiding poverty in the same period. Different causes are associated with
households falling into poverty and those overcoming poverty. Separate
policies will be required consequently to prevent descent and to promote
escape in future. Results from these 20 Kenyan villages are compared with
results obtained earlier from a similar inquiry conducted in 35 villages
of Rajasthan, India. Some remarkable similarities are found, but also
several important differences.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 211-226
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Chronic poverty, Causes of poverty, Anti-poverty policies, Comparative poverty analysis,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225131
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225131
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:211-226
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kay Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Kay
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Author-Name: Stephen Devereux
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Devereux
Title: Destitution in Wollo (Ethiopia): chronic poverty as a crisis of household and community livelihoods
Abstract:
Conventional approaches to poverty assessment are dominated by narrow
measures of current household income, expenditure and consumption. These
methodologies fail to capture more complex, multi- dimensional and dynamic
realities of chronic poverty, such as asset erosion and livelihood
vulnerability. This paper proposes an alternative measure of severe
poverty or destitution, defined in terms of subsistence needs, livelihood
resources and dependence on transfers. Fieldwork from northern Ethiopia
confirms the resonance of this holistic approach with local perceptions.
Destitute households in Wollo face constrained access to land, labour,
livestock, social networks and transfers, and are more vulnerable to
erratic weather and other shocks. The crisis of livelihoods affects whole
communities: better-off households are no longer able to assist the
poorest, and the majority of households are themselves at risk of
destitution. This paper concludes that a broad range of policy
interventions is needed to address both the household and community levels
of chronic poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 227-247
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Destitution, Holistic approach with local perceptions, Asset erosion, Livelihood vulnerability,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225140
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225140
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:227-247
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amita Shah
Author-X-Name-First: Amita
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah
Author-Name: D. C. Sah
Author-X-Name-First: D. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sah
Title: Poverty among Tribals in South West Madhya Pradesh: has anything changed over time?
Abstract:
While there is evidence of some positive change as a result of economic
development and some of the anti-poverty strategies implemented in India,
the overall effect is fairly limited, especially among the poor. Some of
the less favoured rural areas have faced deterioration due to a shrinking
land base and restricted access to forest resources. The slow pace of
economic growth only partly explains the exclusion of certain categories
of households, indicating that parts of the rural community, particularly
the landless and the small-marginal farmers, remain unaffected by even a
moderately faster growth rate. This paper examines changes in poverty and
related poverty factors in South West Madhya Pradesh, and it aims to
further an understanding of poverty typology and poverty dynamics by
focusing on a micro setting. Findings indicate that there is a need for
establishing basic infrastructures, especially for health and education,
and that crop- productivity and market support do not develop at a
sufficient rate to impact on the reduction of chronic poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 249-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Chronic poverty, Anti-poverty programmes, Incidence of poverty, Poverty dynamics, Policy implications,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225159
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225159
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:249-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Lokshin
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lokshin
Author-Name: Ruslan Yemtsov
Author-X-Name-First: Ruslan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yemtsov
Title: Combining Longitudinal Household and Community Surveys for Evaluation of Social Transfers: infrastructure rehabilitation projects in rural Georgia
Abstract:
This paper combines longitudinal household and community level survey
data to evaluate the effect of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on
household well-being in rural Georgia. The panel structure of the data is
utilized in an empirical approach to control for time-invariant
unobservable factors at the community level by applying propensity
score-matched double difference comparison. The results indicate that
improvements in school and road infrastructure produce non-trivial gains
on village and country levels. School rehabilitation projects produce the
largest gains for the poor, while the road projects benefit the poor and
non-poor in different aspects of well- being. From a methodological point
of departure it is concluded that ad hoc community surveys matched with
ongoing nationally representative longitudinal household surveys can
provide a feasible and low-cost tool for evaluation of the effectiveness
of social transfers.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 265-277
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Longitudinal surveys, Propensity score-matched double difference comparisons, Effectiveness of social transfers,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225168
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225168
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:265-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edoardo Masset
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Masset
Author-Name: Howard White
Author-X-Name-First: Howard
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Title: Are Chronically Poor People being Left Out of Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals? A quantitative analysis of older people, disabled people and orphans
Abstract:
The most useful poverty profiles are those based on functional groupings
defined in relation to key livelihood features. This paper considers three
groups, sometimes called the traditional poor, which are commonly
identified as being poor in participatory poverty assessments: orphans,
people with disabilities, and older people. Each group may be considered a
functional classification because its members share similar livelihood
strategies. This paper reports the level and trend in selected Millennium
Development Goal-related welfare indicators for these groups, and compares
these trends with those in the population as a whole in Bulgaria, Ghana,
Nicaragua, Vietnam and Andhra Pradesh. It is generally found that these
groups are relatively disadvantaged and in some respects experience less
rapid progress than other population groups, suggesting the need for
targeted efforts to support these disadvantaged groups to ensure progress
toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals. This paper recommends
changes in data collection for greater coverage of these groups and
identifies some important research questions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 279-297
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Chronic poor, Orphans, People with disabilities, Older people,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000225177
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000225177
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:2:p:279-297
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Title: Freedom, Reason, and More: Feminist economics and human development
Abstract:
Researchers sensitive to issues of gender have made substantial
contributions to the literature on economic and cultural development.
Discussion of how feminist analysis might affect the definition of
development goals, in a broader philosophical sense, has, however, been
less advanced. This essays seeks to further this discussion, taking as its
starting point the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen's influential
insights about 'development as freedom' and the role of reason. It argues
that these important insights need to be complemented by (not supplanted
by) additional insights into affiliation and emotion. People deeply desire
connection, continuity, and a sense of place, as well as freedom, and use
their hearts as well as their minds to guide their actions. Cultural
neglect of the human need for affiliation and capacity for emotion may
help explain why economic outcomes continue to be characterized by extreme
global disparity.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 309-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Feminism, Gender, Economics, Freedom, Cultural development, Capability, Philosophy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277224
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277224
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:309-333
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeemol Unni
Author-X-Name-First: Jeemol
Author-X-Name-Last: Unni
Title: Globalization and Securing Rights for Women Informal Workers in Asia
Abstract:
The major paradigms of the development discourse have recently
incorporated the language of rights. To move from the rhetoric of human
rights to concretely elaborate the content of rights for informal workers,
particularly women, in Asia is the purpose of this paper. Using a
rights-based approach to development, the paper takes up the issue of
gender-enabling worker rights in the context of developing economies that
are increasingly open to external influences. A matrix of rights
consisting of the right to work, broadly defined, safe work, minimum
income and social security are identified as core issues for informal
workers. Further, we focus attention on four specific groups of informal
workers: self-employed independent producers and service workers,
self-employed street vendors, dependent producers such as homeworkers and
outworkers, and dependent wageworkers. Gender-sensitive micro-economic and
macro-economic and social polices are identified for each of these
segments of the informal workers. The access to economic, market and
social reproduction needs are to be addressed simultaneously to ensure the
basic matrix of rights for women informal workers in developing countries.
Each of the needs of the workers have to be viewed as a right and a system
of institutions or mechanisms that will help to bring these rights to the
center of policy have to be worked out. The claim of women and informal
workers for a voice in the macro policy decisions through representation
at the local, national and international levels is at the heart of the
rights-based approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 335-354
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Informal sector, Economics, Women, Gender, Human rights, Macro policy, Globalization,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277233
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277233
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:335-354
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: On the Arbitrariness and Robustness of Multi-Dimensional Poverty Rankings
Abstract:
It is often argued that multi-dimensional measures of well-being and
poverty -- such as those based on the capability approach and related
views -- are ad hoc. Rankings based on them are not, for this reason,
robust to changes in the selection of weights used. In this paper, it is
argued that the extent of potential arbitrariness and the range of issues
relating to robustness have been underestimated in this context. Several
issues relating to both the identification of the poor and the use of
dimension- specific data are distinguished. For illustrative purposes,
these distinct issues are discussed in the context of the inter-provincial
ranking of poverty in South Africa in 1995-1996. It turns out that this
ranking is fairly robust, and that an important policy-relevant result
involving a comparison between KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State in
'income'/'expenditure' and 'human' poverty rankings is reinforced rather
than undermined by checking for robustness. Even when the rankings are not
robust, the discussion suggests that they may inform policy debates.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 355-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Poverty, Measurement, Capability, South Africa, Economics, Income poverty, Human poverty,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277242
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277242
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:355-375
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Pogge
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge
Title: The First United Nations Millennium Development Goal: A cause for celebration?
Abstract:
The first and most prominent United Nations Millennium Development Goal
(MDG-1) has been widely celebrated. Yet, four reflections should give us
pause. Although retaining the idea of "halving extreme poverty by 2015",
MDG-1 in fact sets a much less ambitious target than had been agreed to at
the 1996 World Food Summit in Rome: that the number of poor should be
reduced by 19% (rather than 50%), from 1094 million to 883.5 million.
Tracking the $1/day poverty headcount, the World Bank uses a method that
may paint far too rosy a picture of the evolution of extreme poverty.
Shrinking the problem of extreme poverty, which now causes some 18 million
deaths annually, by 19% over 15 years is grotesquely underambitious in
view of resources available and the magnitude of the catastrophe. Finally,
this go-slow approach is rendered even more appalling by the contribution
made to the persistence of severe poverty by the affluent countries and
the global economic order they impose.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 377-397
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: International poverty line, Millennium Development Goals, Official development assistance, Poverty, Purchasing power parities, United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organisation,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277251
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:377-397
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben Arimah
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Arimah
Title: Poverty Reduction and Human Development in Africa
Abstract:
This paper uses cross-national data to investigate the extent to which
the adoption of human development strategies has resulted in a reduction
of poverty in Africa. Inter-country variations in income and human poverty
reinforce the established patterns of well-being within the continent, as
countries in Northern and Southern Africa have the lowest levels of
poverty. The empirical analysis reveals that inter- country differences in
poverty levels can be accounted for by variables indicative of the
different facets of human development. These include public expenditure on
education, primary school enrolment, female educational enrolment,
expenditure on health, and good governance. Other significant variables
apart from those pertaining to human development are economic growth, high
external debt, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the geographical
disadvantage of being a landlocked country. The paper also shows that
foreign aid has had a limited effect on poverty reduction in Africa.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 399-415
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Poverty, Africa, Human development, Governance, Economic growth, Income, Education, Health, Debt, Aid, HIV/AIDS, Landlocked country,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277260
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988042000277260
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:399-415
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bahram Adrangi
Author-X-Name-First: Bahram
Author-X-Name-Last: Adrangi
Author-Name: K. Kathy Dhanda
Author-X-Name-First: K. Kathy
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhanda
Author-Name: Ronald Paul Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Title: A Model of Consumption and Environmental Degradation: Making the case for sustainable consumer behaviour
Abstract:
This paper develops and examines a model of the relationship between
consumption and environmental degradation, using the per-capita Gross
Domestic Product as the proxy for consumer behaviour and per-capita carbon
dioxide emissions as the indicator of pollution. The time path of
emissions and consumption are modelled within a dynamic framework, and the
result is expressed as an optimization problem from which Hamiltonian
conditions are derived. These conditions are analysed through the use of a
phase diagram, and the empirical section of the paper reveals the
relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and Gross Domestic Product
values across nation-states as well as the United Nations classifications
for development among countries. The paper closes with an examination of
sustainable consumer behaviour that has global policy implications.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 417-432
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2004
Keywords: Consumption, Pollution, Environment, Economic models,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988042000277279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:5:y:2004:i:3:p:417-432
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Foster
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Foster
Author-Name: Luis Lopez-Calva
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva
Author-Name: Miguel Szekely
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Szekely
Title: Measuring the Distribution of Human Development: methodology and an application to Mexico
Abstract:
The Human Development Index (HDI) improves upon per-capita Gross Domestic
Product as an indicator of development by incorporating information on
health and education. However, like its predecessor, it fails to account
for the inequality with which the benefits of development are distributed
among the population. Subsequent work by Anand and Sen (1993) and Hicks
(1997) has led to a useful distribution-sensitive measure of human
development, but at the cost of a key property of the HDI that ensures
consistency between regional and aggregate analyses. This paper presents a
new parametric class of human develop-ment indices that includes the
original HDI as well as a family of distribution sensitive indices that
satisfy all the basic properties for an index of human development. An
empirical application using the year 2000 Mexican Population Census data
shows how the new measures can be applied to analyze the distribution of
human development at the national level and for individual states.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-25
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Human development, Well-being, Inequality, Generalized means,
X-DOI: 10.1080/1464988052000342220
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988052000342220
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee
Author-X-Name-First: Shoutir Kishore
Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee
Title: Measurement of Human Development: an alternative approach
Abstract:
The quality of life of an individual is standardly regarded as having
three dimensions: (i) prospective longevity, (ii) educational attainment
and (iii) standard of living. An index of human development in a
population should be based on the distribution of characters representing
these in the population and should ideally take account of both the
general level and the extent of inequality (i.e. equality or
concentration) in the 'values' of each character. The Human Development
Index of the United Nations Development Programme nowadays takes account
of only the general levels of the characters — such as expectation
of life for, (i) literacy rate and enrolment ratio for, and (ii) Gross
Domestic Product per capita for. In this paper first a joint measure of
the general level and concentration of the distribution of an ordered
qualitative or a quantitative character is proposed. The measure is then
applied on the distribution of prospective longevity, educational level
and income, and an alternative Human Development Index is set up on that
basis. The method is illustrated by computing the proposed index for the
rural and urban sectors of a number of Indian States and of India as a
whole.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 31-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Quality of life, Constituent character, Distribution, Uptilt, Component indices for different constituents, Overall index of human development,
X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034239
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034239
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:31-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emanuel de Kadt
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: de Kadt
Title: Abusing Cultural Freedom: coercion in the name of God
Abstract:
Using violence to promote one's beliefs grabs the headlines.
Nevertheless, today the main threat does not come from the violent few,
who do get some attention in this paper, but from the growing numbers who
wish coercively to impose their views on others. Most world cultures
encompass such coercive variants, and the factors that contribute to their
rise are discussed. The main focus is on coercive religion and
fundamentalism, but some attention is paid to factors common to all
coercive ideologies, notably the rejection of multiple identities. The
threat from coercive ideologies may be reduced by multiculturalism, by
distinguishing desirable from misguided appeals to 'freedom of religion',
and by supporting open-mindedness and religious reform movements.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 55-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Christianity, Coercive use of religion, Culture, Fundamentalism, Identity, Islam, Jihad, Judaism, Multicultural societies, Religious extremism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034248
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:55-76
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Severine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: Severine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: Promoting Human Freedoms under Conditions of Inequalities: a procedural framework
Abstract:
Considering people as agents of their own lives is central in Amartya
Sen's freedom-centred approach to development. In that respect, the
capability approach grants a fundamental role to the ability to
participate in the life of the community, which is referred to as the
exercise of political freedom. The paper highlights a major tension
between the promotion of human freedoms and the exercise of political
freedom, and examines ways in which this tension may be loosened. It
suggests that the consequentialist space of well-being evaluation that
Sen's capability approach advocates be supplemented by a procedural space.
In parallel to Martha Nussbaum's 'thick vague theory of the good', which
deals with the indeterminacy of Sen's consequentialist evaluation, the
paper proposes a 'thick vague theory of political freedom' that hopes to
offer some answers to the problems involved with promoting human freedoms
through the exercise of political freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 75-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Agency, Participation, Deliberative democracy, Practical wisdom, Natural law,
X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034257
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034257
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:75-95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey
Abstract:
This paper aims to present a theoretical survey of the capability
approach in an interdisciplinary and accessible way. It focuses on the
main conceptual and theoretical aspects of the capability approach, as
developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, and others. The capability
approach is a broad normative framework for the evaluation and assessment
of individual well-being and social arrangements, the design of policies,
and proposals about social change in society. Its main characteristics are
its highly interdisciplinary character, and the focus on the plural or
multidimensional aspects of well-being. The approach highlights the
difference between means and ends, and between substantive freedoms
(capabilities) and outcomes (achieved functionings).
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 93-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Capability approach, Development, Functionings, Justice, Martha Nussbaum, Poverty, Well-being,
X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034266
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146498805200034266
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:93-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabina Alkire
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina
Author-X-Name-Last: Alkire
Title: Why the Capability Approach?
Abstract:
In addressing operational challenges such as poverty or economic
development, many researchers and practitioners wish to build upon
insights raised by Sen's capability approach and related writings. This
paper argues that the comprehensive reach and foundation of the human
development and capability approach has a value independent from and
additional to their practical outworkings, and yet also that operational
specifications are both possible and vital to the further development of
the approach. The paper begins with a thumbnail sketch of the core
concepts of the capability approach, and supplements these with additional
informational and principle requirements that Sen argues to be necessary
for a more complete assessment of a state of affairs. It traces some
important avenues along which the Human Development Reports and other
empirical studies have operationalized certain aspects of Sen's capability
approach. The paper then articulates further developments that might be
expected, arguing that such developments must also build upon cutting edge
research in other fields. It also identifies certain 'value judgments'
that are inherent to the capability approach and should not be permanently
dismissed by some methodological innovation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 115-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capabilities, Capability approach, Development economics, Human development, Poverty, Well-being,
X-DOI: 10.1080/146498805200034275
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:1:p:115-135
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: Special Editor's Introduction
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120475
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:145-150
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Author-Name: Amartya Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: Human Rights and Capabilities
Abstract:
The two concepts — human rights and capabilities — go well
with each other, so long as we do not try to subsume either concept
entirely within the territory of the other. There are many human rights
that can be seen as rights to particular capabilities. However, human
rights to important process freedoms cannot be adequately analysed within
the capability framework. Furthermore, both human rights and capabilities
have to depend on the process of public reasoning. The methodology of
public scrutiny draws on Rawlsian understanding of 'objectivity' in
ethics, but the impartiality that is needed cannot be confined within the
borders of a nation. Public reasoning without territorial confinement is
important for both.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 151-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Human rights, Capabilities, Public reasoning, Freedom,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120491
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:151-166
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Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Women's Bodies: Violence, Security, Capabilities
Abstract:
Violence against women is a global problem of great magnitude. After
laying out some sample data on violence against women, I argue that this
violence, and its ongoing threat, interferes with every major capability
in a woman's life. Next, I argue that it is the capabilities approach we
need, if we are to describe the damage done by such violence in the most
perspicuous way and make the most helpful recommendations for dealing with
it. But the capabilities approach will be helpful in this area only if it
develops effective arguments against cultural relativism and in favor of a
context-sensitive universalism, and only if it is willing to make some
claims, albeit humble and revisable, about which capabilities are most
deserving of state protection, as fundamental entitlements of all
citizens. Finally, I sketch some possible implications of the capability
approach for public policy in this area.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 167-183
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Women, Violence, Capabilities, Universalism, Relativism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120509
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:167-183
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Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Groups and Capabilities
Abstract:
The paper suggests that groups should be given a more central role than
they generally are in the capability approach. Being a member of a group
or groups is an intrinsic aspect of human life: the quality of groups with
which individuals identify forms an important direct contribution to their
well-being, is instrumental to other capabilities, and influences people's
choices and values. The argument is illustrated empirically by reference
to identity groups in conflict; and to empowering and enriching groups
among the poor. The paper concludes that one should analyse and categorise
group capabilities as well as individual capabilities. While capabilities
are beings and doings of individuals in the capability approach, groups
are included in some of the analysis. The paper is thus consistent with
the capability approach, but argues that groups play a much more dominant
role in human life and well-being than appears in much of the analysis of
capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Groups, Capabilities, Empowerment,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120517
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:185-204
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Author-Name: Siddiqur Rahman Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: Siddiqur Rahman
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Poverty and Human Rights: Building on the Capability Approach
Abstract:
This paper explores the conceptual connections between poverty and human
rights through the lens of the capability approach. The concept of
capability can be seen as the bridge that links poverty with human rights
because it plays a foundational role in the characterisation of both
poverty and human rights. Once this common foundation is noted, poverty
can be defined as denial of human rights. Furthermore, the capability
approach also helps us to address the question of whether just any denial
of human right should count as poverty or whether there should be some
restriction in this regard admitting only certain cases of denial of human
of rights into the domain but not others. The capability perspective
suggests that the domain should indeed be restricted in some well-defined
ways. Finally, the paper argues that such restriction of domain need not
be inconsistent with the principle of indivisibility of human rights.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 205-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Poverty, Human rights, Capability,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120541
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:205-219
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Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Title: Securing Humanity: Situating 'Human Security' as Concept and Discourse
Abstract:
The label 'human security' has attracted much attention since the 1994
Human Development Report, but there are numerous conflicting definitions
and agendas, and widespread scepticism. The Ogata-Sen Commission report
Human Security Now has proposed a unified yet flexible definition and
agenda. This paper specifies the Human Security Now concept as the
intersection of: a concern with reasoned freedoms; a focus on basic needs;
and a concern for stability as well as levels in key human development
dimensions. Second, it specifies other elements of this human security
discourse: a normative focus on individuals' lives and an insistence on
basic rights for all; and an explanatory agenda that stresses the nexus
between freedom from want and indignity and freedom from fear. Third, it
clarifies where the human security discourse repeats the basic human needs
conception, and where it adds and shows the consistency of the human
security, human needs and human rights languages. Fourth, it specifies the
types of intellectual 'boundary work' that the concept and discourse
attempt: mobilizing attention and concern, connecting explanatory and
normative agendas, and linking diverse intellectual and policy
communities. Finally, it assesses human security as a boundary concept,
including the particular label chosen, and diagnoses the threats as well
as opportunities implicit in security language.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 221-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Human security, Human development, Human rights, Human needs, Sociology of science,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120558
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:221-245
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Author-Name: Jay Drydyk
Author-X-Name-First: Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk
Title: When is Development More Democratic?
Abstract:
If people are to be empowered by development processes, to be active
participants rather than passive recipients, then development must become
more democratic. However, the meaning of 'more demo-cratic' is not
exhausted by the introduction of democratic institutions; it also entails
that political activity functions more democratically. In this article,
'democratic functioning' is defined in terms of people's access to
political activity, which has greater influence over decision-making that
is more effective in preserving or enhancing valuable capabilities. Thus
development can be democratically dysfunctional in three ways: exclusion
from political activity, lack of influence by political activity over
decision-making, and lack of effect on capability shortfalls within the
community. The debate on participatory development points to
dysfunctionalities of all three kinds, even within participatory
development. Therefore, rather than merely calling for development to be
more participatory, we ought to call for it to be more democratic.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 247-267
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Democracy, Development, Empowerment, Capabilities, Participatory Development,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500120566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:2:p:247-267
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Author-Name: Satya Chakravarty
Author-X-Name-First: Satya
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakravarty
Author-Name: Amita Majumder
Author-X-Name-First: Amita
Author-X-Name-Last: Majumder
Title: Measuring Human Poverty: A Generalized Index and an Application Using Basic Dimensions of Life and Some Anthropometric Indicators
Abstract:
The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is a composite index of poverty that
focuses on deprivations in human lives, aimed at measuring poverty as a
failure in capabilities in multiple dimensions, in contrast to the
conventional headcount measure focused on low incomes. The HPI was
introduced in the United Nations Development Programme Human Development
Report 1997 and concentrates on deprivations in basic dimensions of life.
This paper develops an axiomatic characterization of a family of global
deprivation indices using an arbitrary number of dimensions of human life.
When we consider only the three basic dimensions, a member of this family
becomes ordinally equivalent to HPI. The general index allows the
calculation of percentage contributions of deprivations in different
dimensions, and hence to identify the dimensions whose failures affect the
overall deprivation more. This is important from a policy perspective. We
also provide an empirical illustration of the characterized indices using
cross-country data for the three basic dimensions and the anthropometric
indicators birth weight, height for age and nourishment.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 275-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Deprivation, Human poverty, Axioms, Characterization, General index, Basic dimensions of life, Anthropometric indicators,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287605
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:275-299
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Author-Name: Udaya Wagle
Author-X-Name-First: Udaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagle
Title: Multidimensional Poverty Measurement with Economic Well-being, Capability, and Social Inclusion: A Case from Kathmandu, Nepal
Abstract:
The contemporary, income and consumption approaches to poverty definition
and measurement, which are unidimensional in nature, are unable to capture
multiple dimensions of poverty. The multidimensional approach
operationalized here in the structural equation framework suggests that
the multidimensionality of poverty hypothesis holds for the population in
Kathmandu, Nepal, including economic well-being, capability, and social
inclusion. While all of these dimensions are integral, the capability
dimension appears to be highly influential, affecting every other poverty
dimension. This paper identifies indicators appropriate to measure
different poverty dimensions and, although the multidimensional approach
necessitates further work for more simplified and policy relevant
application, alternative ways are explored with their practical
implications.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 301-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Economic well-being, Capability, Economic inclusion, Political inclusion, Civic/cultural inclusion, Structural equation modeling, Kathmandu, Nepal, Asia,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287621
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Author-Name: Valeria Costantini
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria
Author-X-Name-Last: Costantini
Author-Name: Salvatore Monni
Author-X-Name-First: Salvatore
Author-X-Name-Last: Monni
Title: Sustainable Human Development for European Countries
Abstract:
In recent years, sustainable development has represented one of the most
important policy goals at the global level. How to design specific policy
actions and how to measure performance and results continue to present a
challenge. The aim of this paper is to identify a numerical measure of
'sustainable human development' by enlarging human development with more
specific environmental aspects. The sustainability condition has been
directly analysed on the well-being side. Building a complex Sustainable
Human Development Index may be a hard task because of data availability.
European countries represent a useful pilot area for testing the
methodology. The key factors of effective sustainable human development
are emphasized, comparing a Sustainable Human Development Index with
existing traditional indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product and the
Human Development Index.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 329-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Human Development Index,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287654
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Author-Name: Katherine Mohindra
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohindra
Author-Name: Slim Haddad
Author-X-Name-First: Slim
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad
Title: Women's Interlaced Freedoms: A Framework Linking Microcredit Participation and Health
Abstract:
Improving the health of poor women is a public health priority worldwide.
In this paper, we focus on microcredit — an intervention not
explicitly designed to have an impact on health. Microcredit programmes
aim to provide the poor with access to credit, thereby improving their
opportunities to engage in productive activities. This paper presents a
conceptual framework, inspired by Sen's capability approach, Michael
Grossman's health production theory, and models of the determinants and
pathways of population health, to assess how participation in microcredit
can lead to improvement in the health of poor women. We explore how
women's health capabilities (i.e. opportunities to achieve good health),
and ultimately their health functionings (e.g. being healthy), can be
expanded via key determinants of population health, such as access to
resources and autonomy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 353-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Population health, Poor women, Capability approach, Health production, Microcredit,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500287662
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:353-374
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Author-Name: K. Seeta Prabhu
Author-X-Name-First: K. Seeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Prabhu
Title: Social Statistics for Human Development Reports and Millennium Development Goal Reports: Challenges and Constraints
Abstract:
The preparation of over 564 Human Development Reports (HDRs) at various
levels and, more recently, over 100 Millennium Development Goal Reports
(MDGRs) have placed enormous demands on the national statistical systems
across countries. While the evolving of newer indices designed to capture
more qualitative dimensions of living pose one set of challenges, the need
to compile data on much more specific indicators that are monitored over a
long period of time in the MDGRs poses another set of challenges.
Moreover, the spread of Right to Information and similar movements across
countries has meant that, increasingly, questions are being raised about
the ways in which information is collected and disseminated. The main
objectives of the paper are to examine: the emerging statistical
requirements for reporting on National HDRs and MDGRs, to examine their
implications for generation and dissemination of data by National
Statistical Systems, and to suggest alternatives to ensure that the
'process' that enables the National Statistical Systems to collate and
disseminate data are in keeping with the principles of participation and
transparency.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 375-397
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Social statistics, Statistical challenges, NHDRs, MDGRs,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500288553
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Author-Name: Sanjay Reddy
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay
Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy
Author-Name: Antoine Heuty
Author-X-Name-First: Antoine
Author-X-Name-Last: Heuty
Title: Peer and Partner Review: A Practical Approach to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
A number of strategies to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
and associated cost estimates have recently been presented, most
influentially by the Millennium Project and the World Bank. The models
underlying the recommended strategies are flawed, as a result of their
reliance on implausible and restrictive assumptions and poor quality data
and their failure adequately to reflect uncertainties about the future.
These weaknesses of technocratic predictive models can be mitigated but
not overcome. An alternative approach to strategic planning should
establish an institutional framework for continuous informed policy choice
by representative decision-makers. The alternative approach to achieving
the MDGs can be implemented through a process of periodic peer and partner
review. The process of peer and partner review would enable each country
to learn from its own experience and that of other countries, and thereby
increases the likelihood of success of achieving the MDGs.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 399-420
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2005
Keywords: Poverty, Development, Millennium Development Goals,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500288637
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:6:y:2005:i:3:p:399-420
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barnett Rubin
Author-X-Name-First: Barnett
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubin
Title: Central Asia and Central Africa: Transnational Wars and Ethnic Conflicts
Abstract:
In the former Soviet states of Central Asia, Afghanistan and its
neighboring countries, and the in the Great Lakes region of Africa,
conflicts have been organized around cultural identities. These
identities, however, are not sub-national but transnational. They have
linked groups within a state to trans-border networks that have
participated in both contemporary global markets and warfare, as elements
of regional conflict formations. The latter involve both non-state actors
and states engaged in asymmetrical or covert warfare. Since identities
constitute transnational networks, as well as sub-state collectivities,
the set of policies to reduce conflict among identity groups and promote
peaceful cultural diversity has to include regional and global as well as
national policies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501138
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Author-Name: Abby Stoddard
Author-X-Name-First: Abby
Author-X-Name-Last: Stoddard
Author-Name: Adele Harmer
Author-X-Name-First: Adele
Author-X-Name-Last: Harmer
Title: Little Room to Maneuver: The Challenges to Humanitarian Action in the New Global Security Environment
Abstract:
The current global politico-security environment poses challenges to
principled humanitarian action on three levels. Humanitarian actors are at
pains to preserve a neutral stance in contested political environments,
specifically those of occupation and counter-insurgency operations within
the US-led Global War on Terror — a particularly difficult
proposition when the major donor for humanitarian activities is also the
occupying power. Their second challenge is to maintain operational
independence in environments of post-conflict transition and other
contexts where the life-saving work is over and political pressure
increases for all international actors to operate under a unified,
politically coherent peace-building strategy. Finally, humanitarians
perceive a greater threat than ever before to the physical security of
their own workers, as incidents of violence against aid workers appear to
be on the rise.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 23-41
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501146
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:1:p:23-41
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Author-Name: Marjorie Gassner
Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassner
Author-Name: Darwin Ugarte Ontiveros
Author-X-Name-First: Darwin Ugarte
Author-X-Name-Last: Ontiveros
Author-Name: Vincenzo Verardi
Author-X-Name-First: Vincenzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Verardi
Title: Human Development and Electoral Systems
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to test whether electoral systems and human
development are linked. Using high-quality data and very simple panel data
econometric techniques, we show that electoral systems play a critical
role in explaining the difference in the levels of human development
between countries. We find that countries which have proportional systems
enjoy higher levels of human development than those with majoritarian
systems, thanks to more redistributive fiscal policies. We also find that
when the degree of proportionality, based on the mean electoral district
size, increases, so does human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 43-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501161
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Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Renato Libanora
Author-X-Name-First: Renato
Author-X-Name-Last: Libanora
Author-Name: Stefano Mariani
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariani
Author-Name: Leonardo Menchini
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Menchini
Title: Children Conceptualizing their Capabilities: Results of a Survey Conducted during the First Children's World Congress on Child Labour
Abstract:
This paper reports the results of a research project that allowed
children to define their capabilities as the basis of a bottom-up strategy
for understanding the relevant dimensions of children's well-being. The
subjects of this research were children participating in the 'Children's
World Congress on Child Labour' held in Florence in May 2004, organized by
the Global March against Child Labour and other associations. Children
were invited to interact and express their opinions on the most relevant
issues related to their childhood and adolescence. The paper has three
main aims. The first is to propose and legitimate a view that considers
children not simply as recipients of freedoms, but also as participants in
the process of delineating a set of core capabilities. The second is to
propose a methodological approach to the conceptualization of a list of
relevant capabilities. The third is to identify a tentative list of
relevant capabilities for children through a participatory bottom-up
approach. One of the key findings of the research is that, among the
capabilities conceptualized, education, love and care are primary in terms
of relevance.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 59-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500501179
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Author-Name: Monica Haddad
Author-X-Name-First: Monica
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad
Author-Name: Zorica Nedovic-Budic
Author-X-Name-First: Zorica
Author-X-Name-Last: Nedovic-Budic
Title: Using Spatial Statistics to Analyze Intra-urban Inequalities and Public Intervention in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Abstract:
Like many cities in developing countries, Sao Paulo, Brazil, is
characterized by major intra-urban inequalities with respect to human
development. The center-periphery spatial regimes are the most obvious
spatial manifestation of this phenomenon. In this paper we apply
confirmatory spatial data analysis to examine these inequalities and their
relationship to public interventions. Using district-level data, we
examine the relationship between public interventions and the level of
human development, while controlling for population density, spatial
heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. Our results suggest that public
interventions reinforce the existing differences between center and
periphery. Specifically, public services and utilities and social programs
are allocated more intensively in districts with higher human development
levels. These findings call for a more careful consideration of
distribution of societal resources and effectiveness of public programs
and policies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 85-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Spatial statistics, Intra-urban inequality, Public programs, Urban policy, Developing countries, Human development, Economic growth, Spatial autocorrelation, Spatial heterogeneity,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500502102
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Author-Name: Roman Krznaric
Author-X-Name-First: Roman
Author-X-Name-Last: Krznaric
Title: The Limits on Pro-poor Agricultural Trade in Guatemala: Land, Labour and Political Power
Abstract:
The persistence of rural poverty in Guatemala since the early 1990s
challenges the purported association between agricultural export growth
and poverty alleviation. Lack of access to education, health and credit,
and the historical legacies of land inequality, labour exploitation and
ethnic discrimination, are preventing growth from reaching the rural poor.
Most analyses, including the World Bank's recent 'Poverty in Guatemala'
report, fail to consider how the economic and political power of the
country's economic elite perpetuate and exacerbate poverty. A focus on two
of Guatemala's most dynamic agro-export sectors — sugar and snow
peas (mange-tout), both reputed to have had a significant impact on
poverty alleviation — reveals the limits on pro-poor growth. Policy
recommendations to promote pro-poor growth that are derived from the
analysis include full implementation of the labour code, a national
land-titling programme, and cultural programmes to change elite attitudes
towards poverty and development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 111-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880500502144
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600769080
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dana Schuler
Author-X-Name-First: Dana
Author-X-Name-Last: Schuler
Title: The Uses and Misuses of the Gender-related Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure: A Review of the Literature
Abstract:
The 1995 Human Development Report introduced two new measures of
well-being: the Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender
Empowerment Measure (GEM). The two indexes were created with the intention
of attracting more attention to gender inequality issues. This paper first
of all reviews the attention the indexes received in the publications of
the United Nations Development Programme itself, concentrating on their
use in national and subnational Human Development Reports. It also reviews
how the two indexes were used in academia and the press. The main result
of the review is that the GDI in particular seems to be a measure that is
not used appropriately. In most cases of misuse, the GDI was wrongly
interpreted as a measure of gender inequality. Due to the many
misinterpretations, the potential policy impact the GDI and GEM can have
seems limited.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gender inequality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768496
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:161-181
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Folbre
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Folbre
Title: Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy
Abstract:
How should “care” be defined and measured in ways that
enhance our understanding of the impact of economic development on women?
This paper addresses this question, suggesting several possible approaches
to the development of indices that would measure gender differences in
responsibility for the financial and temporal care of dependents.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 183-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Gender, Care, Empowerment, Dependents, Unpaid work, Time use,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768512
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768512
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:183-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvia Chant
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chant
Title: Re-thinking the “Feminization of Poverty” in Relation to Aggregate Gender Indices
Abstract:
The “feminization of poverty” is often referred to without
adequate specification or substantiation, and does not necessarily
highlight aspects of poverty that are most relevant to women at the
grassroots. The United Nations Development Programme's gender indices go
some way to reflecting gendered poverty, but there is scope for
improvement. In order to work towards aggregate indices that are more
sensitive to gender gaps in poverty as identified and experienced by poor
women, the main aims of this paper are two-fold. The first is to draw
attention to existing conceptual and methodological weaknesses with the
“feminization of poverty”, and to suggest how the construct
could better depict contemporary trends in gendered privation. The second
is to propose directions for the kinds of data and indicators that might
be incorporated within the Gender-related Development Index or the Gender
Empowerment Measure, or used in the creation of a Gendered Poverty Index.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 201-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Gender, Poverty, Feminization of poverty, Aggregate gender indices, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gendered Poverty Index,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768538
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768538
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:201-220
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanny Cueva Beteta
Author-X-Name-First: Hanny Cueva
Author-X-Name-Last: Beteta
Title: What is missing in measures of Women's Empowerment?
Abstract:
This paper argues that the Gender Empowerment Measure is an incomplete
and biased index on women's empowerment, which measures inequality among
the most educated and economically advantaged and fails to include
important non-economic dimensions of decision-making power both at the
household level and over women's own bodies and sexuality. After
addressing in more depth the relevance and limitations of existent and
potential indicators on women's empowerment in the political and economic
spheres, this paper identifies and assesses potential indicators in those
spheres currently absent in the Gender Empowerment Measure (household and
individual dimensions). Finally, the paper stresses that empowerment is
not primarily an outcome, but a process; as such, there are elements
enabling or limiting it, such as — but not limited to — the
legal and regulatory framework. Considering this, the construction of a
new aggregated measure on the Gender Empowerment Enabling Environment of
countries is suggested.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 221-241
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Women in politics, Gender indicators, Empowerment, Gender Empowerment Measure, Enabling environment,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768553
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:221-241
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: UNDP's Gender-related Measures: Some Conceptual Problems and Possible Solutions
Abstract:
This paper critically reviews conceptual and empirical problems issues
with the United Nations Development Programme's two gender-related
indicators: the Gender-related Development Index and the Gender
Empowerment Measure. While supporting the need for gender-related
development measures, the paper argues that there are serious conceptual
and empirical problems with both measures that limit the usefulness of
these composite indicators. Where appropriate and feasible, the paper
suggests modifications to the measures that address some of the identified
problems.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 243-274
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Gender, Well-being, Empowerment, Gender-related Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768595
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768595
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:243-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Geske Dijkstra
Author-X-Name-First: A. Geske
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra
Title: Towards a Fresh Start in Measuring Gender Equality: A Contribution to the Debate
Abstract:
Both the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender
Empowerment Measure (GEM) represent a “false start” in
measuring gender equality. This is because they do not measure gender
(in)equality as such, but an odd combination of absolute welfare levels
and gender equality that is not easy to interpret. This note argues that
the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report Office
should take the lead in either constructing a new index for measuring
gender equality or elaborating a revised GDI and revised GEM that do
measure gender equality. Detailed recommendations are given for both
possibilities on how this can be done, partly on the basis of a brief
review of alternatives presented in the literature.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 275-283
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Gender equality, Human development, Measurement,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768660
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600768660
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:2:p:275-283
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: Introduction: Diverse Voices and Conversations
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 291-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815867
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815867
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:291-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marc Fleurbaey
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleurbaey
Title: Capabilities, Functionings and Refined Functionings
Abstract:
Sen's theory of capabilities is often presented as more comprehensive
than an approach in terms of achievements (functionings) because it takes
account of freedom and it contains at least as much information. This
paper questions the last argument and argues that both kinds of
consideration (freedom, comprehensive information) justify an approach in
terms of refined functionings (an expression coined by Sen to describe the
pair functionings-capabilities) rather than a pure capability approach. It
briefly examines why achievements and not only opportunities may matter in
social evaluation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 299-310
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Capability, Functioning, Equality, Justice, Opportunity,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815875
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815875
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:299-310
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wulf Gaertner
Author-X-Name-First: Wulf
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaertner
Author-Name: Yongsheng Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Yongsheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Capability Sets as the Basis of a New Measure of Human Development
Abstract:
Human development is about much more than growth in real income. It is
about expanding the choices human beings have to lead lives that they
value. The potential choices and their expansion can be captured by
capability sets that consist of various functioning vectors. The standard
of living is then reflected in these capability sets. This paper proposes
a particular way of measuring the standard of living available either to
an individual or household or to a whole nation, when the direction of the
development of society represented by a reference functioning vector is
uncertain. The basis for our theoretical analysis is Lancaster's
characteristics approach to consumer theory, which is combined with Sen's
concept of functionings. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the
measure that we propose.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Functionings, Capabilities, Lancaster's theory of characteristics, Standard of living,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815891
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815891
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:311-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Emma Samman
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Samman
Title: Human Development: Beyond the Human Development Index
Abstract:
The well-known Human Development Index (HDI) encompasses only three
rather basic aspects of human welfare. This paper aims to go beyond this,
by identifying 11 categories of human development. We next propose
plausible candidates as indicators of these categories. We then estimate
correlations among the indicators within each category, discarding those
that are highly correlated with others. This left 39 indicators to
encompass the categories. Of these, eight indicators are highly correlated
with the HDI and may therefore be represented by it. But 31 are not highly
correlated, suggesting that a full assessment of human development
requires a much broader set of indicators than the HDI alone. Following
the same procedure, we find that under-five mortality rates perform
equally as well as the HDI, and income per capita is less representative
of other dimensions of human development. The HDI (and the other two broad
indicators) are shown to be worse indicators of the extended categories of
human development for OECD countries than for developing countries.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 323-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Human development, Economic growth, Comparative country studies,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815917
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:323-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juergen Volkert
Author-X-Name-First: Juergen
Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert
Title: European Union Poverty Assessment: A Capability Perspective
Abstract:
This paper addresses the European Union's (EU) conceptual shift from a
narrow income poverty perspective to a multidimensional approach that has
explicitly been inspired by Amartya Sen's work. I briefly describe these
changes and discuss challenges for today's EU income poverty indicators.
Then I develop an approach that might more adequately fulfil the tasks of
an income poverty measure within the capability approach. I explain why
and how the analysis should be broadened from income poverty to capability
deprivation. I also evaluate the current EU framework's suitability for an
analysis of 'capability deprivation' and identify capability dimensions
that have not (sufficiently) been addressed by the EU. Based on initial
empirical studies, it is shown that broadening the perspective to a
capability concept may yield substantial value-added and new insights.
Before concluding I explain how to apply the Adequate-Methods-Approach
developed in this paper to capability deprivation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 359-383
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Capabilities, Poverty, Amartya Sen, European Union,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815933
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815933
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:359-383
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Education and Democratic Citizenship: Capabilities and Quality Education
Abstract:
Public education is crucial to the health of democracy. Recent
educational initiatives in many countries, however, focus narrowly on
science and technology, neglecting the arts and humanities. They also
focus on internalization of information, rather than on the formation of
the student's critical and imaginative capacities. This article argues
that such a narrow focus is dangerous for democracy's future. Drawing on
the ideas of Rabindranath Tagore, the paper proposes a three-part model
for the development of young people's capabilities through education,
focusing on critical thinking, world citizenship, and imaginative
understanding.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 385-395
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Education, Citizenship, Democracy, Tagore, Capabilities,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815974
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:385-395
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim
Author-X-Name-First: Solava
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim
Title: From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self-help
Abstract:
This paper emphasizes the importance of collectivities for human
capabilities. Using the example of self-help, the paper demonstrates how
the poor can act together to expand and exercise new 'collective
capabilities'. The paper argues that the Capability Approach (CA), with
its emphasis on freedoms and agency, is a suitable — however
insufficient — conceptual framework for self-help analysis. It
points out the limitations of the CA in capturing the interactive
relationship between individual capabilities and social structures. To
incorporate this 'collective' dimension within the CA, the paper
re-emphasizes the intrinsic and instrumental value of social structures,
explores the concepts of collective freedoms and collective agency, and
compliments the CA with the literature on collective action, institutions
and social capital into an integrated analytical framework for 'collective
capabilities'. The paper finally operationalizes this framework through
three case studies of self-help initiatives among the poor in Egypt.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2006
Keywords: Sen, Capability Approach, Self-help, Collective capabilities, Poverty,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880600815982
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880600815982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:7:y:2006:i:3:p:397-416
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Desmond McNeill
Author-X-Name-First: Desmond
Author-X-Name-Last: McNeill
Title: 'Human Development': The Power of the Idea
Abstract:
The idea of human development, and the related index, has been developed
and promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) largely
through its annual Human Development Reports. In recent years it has
become more closely associated with the work of Amartya Sen. Initially,
the concept formed an important part of the counter-discourse against the
dominant perspective associated with the Bretton Woods Institutions. Since
then, the policies and perspectives of both the UNDP and the World Bank
have to some extent changed, and much has been built on the foundations of
this concept — both by bureaucrats and academics. The aim of this
paper is to critically assess this process. The paper draws a comparison
with findings from the author's earlier research on a number of other
influential ideas in development policy, such as 'social capital', and
suggests that 'human development' has generally fared rather better.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Ideas, Policy, Distortion, Philosophy, Power, Politics, Amartya Sen, Mahbub ul Haq, Human development, Human Development Index, Human Development Report,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101366
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:5-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alpha Diedhiou
Author-X-Name-First: Alpha
Author-X-Name-Last: Diedhiou
Title: Governance for Development: Understanding the Concept/Reality Linkages
Abstract:
As the search for the understanding of governance in the context of
development goes on, this paper offers a way of looking at particulars of
the concept, as well as the effects of empirical governance activities in
the conceptual evolution of the term. The central argument is that the
current governance framework has evolved to incorporate the values of
various actors, notwithstanding the dominance of market values.
Importantly, new trends in governance suggest a slow but increasing
acceptance of the underlying principles of the current framework. The
apparent evolution of the concept seems to reflect the process of
increased interaction between actors and the sum total of their
experiences.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 23-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Governance, Development, Framework, Trends, Evolution,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101390
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaya Krishnakumar
Author-X-Name-First: Jaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnakumar
Title: Going Beyond Functionings to Capabilities: An Econometric Model to Explain and Estimate Capabilities
Abstract:
Any attempt to operationalize the capability approach necessitates an
adequate framework for the measurement of the abstract unobservable
multidimensional concept that the term 'capability' stands for. One such
attempt is the latent variable approach, which considers the different
dimensions of capability or human development as unobserved variables
(factors) manifesting themselves through measurable indicators. In this
paper, we propose a structural equation econometric model that accounts
for the interdependence among the latent dimensions and other observed
endogenous factors and includes causal exogenous variables affecting the
latent dimensions and their indicators. We estimate the model using data
on a cross-section of countries across the world and use our empirical
model to derive capability indicators in different dimensions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 39-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Human development, Capability approach, Latent variables, Item response, Simultaneous equations,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101408
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:39-63
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacques Poirot
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Poirot
Title: La Contribution du Modele Europeen de Ville Durable au Developpement: Une Approche par les Capacites
Abstract:
Conscious of the deterioration of the urban environment, and anxious to
promote sustainable development, concerned European actors, such as
municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and companies,
developed a new sustainable town model. Application of this model would
lead to compact towns that favour functional mixing, are respectful of
ecosystems and urban heritage, and are managed by socially responsible
municipalities. These sustainable towns would contribute to extension of
numerous freedoms that both constitute, and are instrumental for,
development, thanks to a healthier environment and better access to urban
services. Though inequalities between town-dwellers would be reduced,
constraints imposed by the sustainable town model may at times limit
traditional freedoms. These constraints should be accepted freely by urban
actors within the framework of a participative democracy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 65-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101416
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101416
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:65-87
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. H. Suryanarayana
Author-X-Name-First: M. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Suryanarayana
Author-Name: Dimitri Silva
Author-X-Name-First: Dimitri
Author-X-Name-Last: Silva
Title: Is Targeting the Poor a Penalty on the Food Insecure? Poverty and Food Insecurity in India
Abstract:
This paper seeks to verify the hypothesis that the set of food insecure
is larger than the set of poor in India. Any attempt to reform safety nets
like a food distribution programme by targeting it only to the latter
would penalize those who are non-poor but food insecure. Towards this end,
the paper attempts to: exemplify the issue with reference to measures and
criteria for identifying the poor and food insecure; to estimate the
incidence of poverty and food insecurity at the national and state levels;
and to examine how far their magnitudes tally across states. This limited
exercise shows that aggregate estimates of poverty and food insecurity
broadly tally at the national level and for several states. The targeted
public distribution system covers the majority of the food insecure who
are poor, but excludes those sections/regions whose consumption patterns
have changed by choice. This calls not for any income transfer but, if at
all, for nutrition education programmes to influence consumer choice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 89-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Food insecurity, Poverty, Safety nets, Consumption patterns, Measures, India,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101457
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101457
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:89-107
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. B. Anand
Author-X-Name-First: P. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Title: Capability, Sustainability, and Collective Action: An Examination of a River Water Dispute
Abstract:
In this paper, a framework is developed to consider collective action,
sustainability and the capability approach with regard to resolution of
water disputes, followed by a brief discussion of how identity can hinder
cooperation or the development of universalism. This framework is then
examined with a case study of the Cauvery river dispute in India. At the
heart of river water disputes are issues related to justice and fairness,
which depend to a significant extent on: how citizens perceive their
claims over river water (shaped by cultural and historical factors); the
extent to which citizens are able to collectivize their claims through
location, economic activity and identity, and use their voice to influence
the state; the extent to which the state policy and actions reflect the
'voice' and collective interests of different groups; and how the various
riparian states recognize and deal with each others' claims. The framework
discussed here suggests that the capability approach provides us with a
much broader framework than collective action or Robert Solow's
sustainability as inter-generational fairness. These are conjectures for
further exploration.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 109-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: River waters, Collective action, Capability approach, Sustainability, Conflict resolution,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101465
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101465
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:109-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Apsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Frediani
Title: Amartya Sen, the World Bank, and the Redress of Urban Poverty: A Brazilian Case Study
Abstract:
While there is some suggestion of a re-orientation in the World Bank's
income-cantered conceptualization of poverty to one based on Amartya Sen's
concept of 'development as freedom', it is hard to uncover definitive
evidence of such a re-orientation from a study of the Bank's urban
programmes in Brazil. This paper attempts an application of Sen's
capability approach to the problem of improving the urban quality of life,
and contrasts it with the World Bank's approach, with specific reference
to a typical squatter upgrading project in Novos Alagados in Salvador da
Bahia, Brazil.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 133-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Amartya Sen, World Bank, Poverty alleviation, Squatter settlements,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101473
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101473
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:133-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benoit Lallau
Author-X-Name-First: Benoit
Author-X-Name-Last: Lallau
Title: Capacites et Gestion de l'Incertitude: Essai sur les Strategies des Maraichers de Kinshasa, Republique Democratique du Congo
Abstract:
L'interrogation centrale de cet article est la suivante: dans le - tres
risque - contexte kinois, quelles sont les strategies mises en œuvre
par les maraichers et que revelent ces strategies sur les capacites de ces
derniers? Les deux premieres sections posent les bases conceptuelles de
l'analyse, en placant la question des risques au cœur de l'approche
par les capacites et en proposant une approche faisant des strategies des
personnes un proxy acceptable de leurs capacites. Les troisieme et
quatrieme sections confrontent cette discussion theorique aux donnees
recueillies lors d'un travail de terrain mene dans trois perimetres
maraichers de Kinshasa.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 153-173
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Capabilities approach, Vulnerability, Risk management, Urban agriculture,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880601101499
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880601101499
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:1:p:153-173
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom De Herdt
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt
Author-Name: Severine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: Severine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: Guest Editors' Introduction
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 179-184
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701370960
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701370960
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:179-184
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jerome Ballet
Author-X-Name-First: Jerome
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballet
Author-Name: Jean-Luc Dubois
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Luc
Author-X-Name-Last: Dubois
Author-Name: FranCois-Regis Mahieu
Author-X-Name-First: FranCois-Regis
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahieu
Title: Responsibility for Each Other's Freedom: Agency as the Source of Collective Capability
Abstract:
This paper tries to extend Sen's capability approach by introducing the
issues of personal responsibility and collective capability, in addition
to those of individual capability and collective responsibility. In
addressing the issue of the subject's responsibility, we turn to the
phenomenological tradition. This approach uses the concept of the person
rather than that of the individual. In the analytical philosophy tradition
the individual is defined by a set of freedoms and capabilities. The
phenomenological approach, in contrast, views the person as embedded in a
network of social relationships that determine a set of rights and
obligations. In most situations, personal obligations have to be satisfied
before the person can move on to satisfy his/her rights and freedoms. This
means that freedom is viewed as being derived from responsibility, thus
inversing the order of the capability approach. The subject's
responsibility becomes fundamental, and a part of the 'richness' of the
person. Responsibility expresses the capability to feel and be
responsible, not only ex-post (i.e. once freedom has been exercised), but
also ex-ante, by the capacity to exercise self-constraint on a voluntary
basis in order to satisfy one's obligations towards others. Within his or
her structure of capabilities, the person has to manage the twofold
interacting sets of freedoms and responsibilities during the
decision-making process. When we consider the person's agency, introducing
responsibility leads, via commitment and social interactions, to a
stronger vision of agency. However, this vision, which includes
responsibility and social interactions, generates a collective capability
that can be represented by a structure composed of the various personal
capability structures.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-201
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Agency, Collective capability, Person, Responsibility, Social sustainability,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371000
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371000
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:185-201
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pinar Uyan-Semerci
Author-X-Name-First: Pinar
Author-X-Name-Last: Uyan-Semerci
Title: A Relational Account of Nussbaum's List of Capabilities
Abstract:
Nussbaum's capabilities approach is based on a universalistic account of
central human functionings. She claims that if central human capabilities
are located within a particular kind of political liberalism, then they
can become specific political goals and the object of an overlapping
consensus among people who otherwise have very different comprehensive
conceptions of the good. This paper reconsiders these arguments on the
basis of fieldwork conducted among migrant women living in squatter
settlements of Istanbul. By going through Nussbaum's list of central human
capabilities, I elaborate their relevance in terms of the existing, stated
and desired capabilities of these women. In doing so, I underline the
importance of thinking about capabilities in relational terms and
challenge the concept “autonomous agency”. I also
demonstrate the (im)possibility of separating the political and
non-political realms, particularly in issues regarding religion and
family, and argue for the need to redefine the boundaries of the political
within the capability framework.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 203-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Capabilities, Women, Agency, Political liberalism, Family, Religion,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371034
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:203-221
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Cleaver
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleaver
Title: Understanding Agency in Collective Action
Abstract:
Participatory approaches to natural resource management encompass ideas
about the desirability of citizens actively engaging in the institutions,
policies and discourses that shape their access to resources. Underpinning
such approaches are assumptions about the nature of human agency.
Purposive individual action is seen as instrumentally desirable as well as
potentially radical and transformatory. Through participation in
collective resource management it is claimed that people can re-negotiate
norms, challenge inequalities, claim their rights and extend their access.
This paper draws on insights from theories of structuration,
governmentality and gendered empowerment to explore understandings of how
individual human agency shapes and is shaped by social relationships and
institutions. It outlines six factors that constrain and enable the
exercise of agency for different people; cosmologies, complex individual
identities, the unequal interdependence of livelihoods, structure and
voice, embodiment and emotionality. The paper concludes by considering
some of the implications for research and development interventions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 223-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Participation, Agency, Natural resource management,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371067
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371067
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:223-244
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Tilly
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Tilly
Title: Unequal Access to Scientific Knowledge
Abstract:
In the past, unequal control over such resources as coercive means,
labour, animals, and land has caused the bulk of the world's inequality
among social categories; in recent decades, unequal control over
scientific knowledge has become an increasingly powerful cause of social
inequality. Producers and distributors of scientific knowledge have strong
incentives to withhold it from people who need it and to profit from its
use. From that fact flow acute dilemmas for those who wish to spread the
benefits of knowledge to the neediest.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 245-258
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Knowledge, Identity, Category, Inequality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371133
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371133
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:245-258
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Title: Confronting Power through Policy: On the Creation and Spread of Liberating Knowledge
Abstract:
The expansion of capability opportunities is an underlying objective of
the capability approach. However, related goals such as righting basic
social inequities or correcting ecological imbalances require changes in
social institutions and practices. Such change in turn rests on the
creation and spread of liberating knowledge and practices. In this light,
I argue that prospective analyses (i.e. analyses intended to result in
concrete proposals for actions to enhance the functioning of society)
require methodologies that will clarify the nature of liberating knowledge
and the obstacles to its development and diffusion. Methodologies
appropriate to the evaluation of the state of being or the capability to
function of individuals are not sufficient for this task. Rather,
methodologies are required that have been crafted for the study of social
behaviour, ones that recognize the situated nature of knowledge and that
work with insights from different standpoints. Such methodologies will
facilitate analysis of social power in different institutional contexts
and will clarify the process of the creation and spread of new social
understandings and practices.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 259-282
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Power, Liberating knowledge, Standpoint, Social choice, Capability, Methodologies, Policy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371158
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371158
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:259-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sony Pellissery
Author-X-Name-First: Sony
Author-X-Name-Last: Pellissery
Author-Name: Sylvia I. Bergh
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergh
Title: Adapting the Capability Approach to Explain the Effects of Participatory Development Programs: Case Studies from India and Morocco
Abstract:
This paper attempts to explore the linkages between democracy,
participation, and inequality. It does so by situating the role of 'public
scrutiny and debate' in Sen's work. It then draws on the literature on
'deliberative democracy' to show the linkages between requirements for
(ideal, democratic) political participation and typologies of
participation that have emerged in the development context. It finally
links this discussion to concepts of power and inequality. Three case
studies help to illustrate the use of this analytical framework. The
Employment Guarantee Scheme case study from the Indian state of
Maharashtra illustrates the effects of 'participation for material
incentives' built on both 'hidden' and 'invisible power' structures. The
Moroccan case study shows the potential for participatory approaches to
deepen existing inequalities when certain pre-conditions for participation
are not fulfilled, leading to 'hidden power' domination. The Kerala case
study is an example for political participation that is built on 'visible'
power strategies. Hence, this paper attempts to contribute to the
discussion on the intended and unintended effects of participatory schemes
by developing and applying a more comprehensive analytical framework.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 283-302
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Participation, Political freedom, Deliberative democracy, Power, Development projects,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371174
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701371174
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:283-302
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom De Herdt
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt
Author-Name: Severin Abega
Author-X-Name-First: Severin
Author-X-Name-Last: Abega
Title: The Political Complexity of Pro-poor Policy Processes in the Mandara Mountains, Cameroon
Abstract:
We give more conceptual flesh and bones to the interconnections between
social structures and individual agency by focusing on the way in which
the people(s) inhabiting the Mandara Mountains in Far North Province of
Cameroon have been affected by pro-poor policy processes. We analyse the
role of individual, collective and relational capabilities in such
processes. The case-study points to: (i) the importance of tracing
capability deprivations back to weak political agency, (ii) the sometimes
ambiguous impact of participatory procedures, and (iii) the necessity to
balance the 'what' and the 'how' questions in designing anti-poverty
interventions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 303-323
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Political capabilities, Agency, Participation, Pro-poor policies, Cameroon,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701371190
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:2:p:303-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: Introduction: Challenges and Debates
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 327-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701461983
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701461983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:327-335
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Liberty of Conscience: The Attack on Equal Respect
Abstract:
All modern nations face problems of religious toleration and respect.
Examining the US constitutional tradition of religious free exercise and
non-establishment, I argue that the core value in this tradition is that
of equal respect for conscience, a value that militates against all
governmentally-created hierarchies or 'in-groups.' I argue that this
tradition is on the whole a helpful guide in thinking about such issues
more generally. On the 'free exercise' side, I argue for a doctrine of
'accommodation' that gives dispensations from generally applicable laws on
grounds of conscience. On the 'non-establishment' side, I look at issues
of public displays, school prayer, and public funding, arguing that the
key question is whether the policy in question makes a statement of
endorsement or disendorsement, creating preferred and dispreferred classes
of citizens. I conclude by examining the major threats to the tradition of
equal respect.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 337-357
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Religion, Respect, Equality, Free exercise, Establishment, Constitution,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462023
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462023
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:337-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bina Agarwal
Author-X-Name-First: Bina
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal
Author-Name: Pradeep Panda
Author-X-Name-First: Pradeep
Author-X-Name-Last: Panda
Title: Toward Freedom from Domestic Violence: The Neglected Obvious
Abstract:
Freedom is a key concept in Amartya Sen's definitions of capabilities and
development. This paper focuses on a serious and neglected form of
unfreedom — domestic violence — and argues that freedom from
such violence must be integral to evaluating developmental progress.
Conceptually, it notes that a person's well-being can depend not only on
absolute measures of capabilities and functionings but also on relative
capabilities and functionings within families; and this can even lead to
perverse effects. A man married to a woman better employed than himself,
for instance, may be irked by her higher achievement and physically abuse
her, thus reducing her well-being achievement (e.g. by undermining her
health) and her well-being freedom (e.g. by reducing her work mobility or
social interaction). Empirically the paper focuses especially on a
hitherto unexplored factor — a woman's property status — and
demonstrates that owning a house or land significantly reduces her risk of
marital violence. Employment, by contrast, unless it is regular, makes
little difference. Immovable property provides a woman economic and
physical security, enhances her self-esteem, and visibly signals the
strength of her fall-back position and tangible exit option. It can both
deter violence and provide an escape if violence occurs. Also unlike
employment, property ownership is not found to be associated with perverse
outcomes, in that a propertied woman married to a propertyless man is not
subject to greater violence.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 359-388
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Domestic violence, Women's property status, Capabilities and functionings, Freedom, Well-being, India,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462171
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:359-388
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: The Social Background of Capabilities for Freedoms
Abstract:
Martha Nussbaum has recently argued that “the language of
capabilities … gives important precision and supplementation to the
language of rights.” This claim raises the question whether the
idea of capabilities, as she or as Amartya Sen has developed it, provides
a basis for capturing or deriving basic liberties such as the liberty of
employment or the freedom of movement. In this essay, I argue that the
idea of capabilities is not useful in this way, because it cannot well
capture the social, institutional, and deontic aspects of basic liberties.
Sen's interpretation of capability is particularly limited in this regard,
on account of its incorporation of the idea of dispositive freedom (the
idea that someone's free choice will determine an outcome). While
Nussbaum's interpretation of capability lacks that limitation, it lacks a
way of modeling the kind of guaranteed social status of which basic
liberties consist.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 389-414
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Capabilities, Liberties, Freedom, Sen, Nussbaum,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462213
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462213
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:389-414
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert
Title: Capabilities and Satisfaction with Life
Abstract:
I argue that the rapidly growing happiness literature raises an important
challenge for the capability approach. Its results suggest that it has
become possible to measure subjective well-being and to compare its value
for different persons. Moreover, if one accepts that the opinions of the
people concerned should play some role in the evaluation of the trade-offs
between different dimensions of well-being, the information about what
makes people feel 'more satisfied with their life as a whole' seems
relevant within the capability approach. However, for a non-welfarist, it
is necessary to 'clean' the happiness measure to separate the 'ethically'
relevant information from the irrelevant noise. I suggest that the
introduction of some ideas and concepts from the theory of
responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism is a promising method to
reinterpret the happiness results.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 415-430
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Capability, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462239
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462239
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:415-430
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David A. Crocker
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Crocker
Title: Deliberative Participation in Local Development
Abstract:
In this paper I aim to improve the theory and practice of participation
in local, grassroots, or micro-development initiatives. First, I classify
weaker and stronger types of participation and, in relation to these
accounts, I propose and explain an ideal of deliberative participation
derived from the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. Second, in
relation to these types of participation and especially the deliberative
ideal, I evaluate Sabina Alkire's recent efforts, in Valuing Freedoms:
Sen's Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction, to apply Sen's theory to
micro-projects. Although I find much to approve of in her approach to
grassroots participation, I argue that it could be strengthened by
features of deliberative participation. Third, I analyze and rebut three
charges leveled against Sen's democratic turn, deliberative democracy, and
deliberative participation — namely, these allied accounts are
flawed by too much indeterminacy, too little autonomy, and insufficient
realism with respect to asymmetries of power.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 431-455
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Participation, Agency, Deliberative participation, Deliberative democracy, Capability approach, Asymmetry of power,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462379
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462379
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:431-455
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sharath Srinivasan
Author-X-Name-First: Sharath
Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan
Title: No Democracy without Justice: Political Freedom in Amartya Sen's Capability Approach
Abstract:
Amartya Sen has critiqued theories of justice in the liberal tradition
for not focusing on actual human living and failing to be truly
egalitarian. However, in the absence of a theoretical approach of his own
that comprehensively links capabilities and social justice, others have
criticised him for not telling us exactly which capabilities should be
guaranteed for all citizens in a 'just' society. Sen's 'silence' on the
substantive content of an account of justice is due in large measure to
his stringent emphasis on plurality, agency and choice; he turns to
democratic processes that allow for public reasoning and social choice to
attend to judgements about justice. Yet this critical role for democracy
is undermined in Sen's elaboration in the absence of requirements of
justice that would protect democracy's fair and effective functioning in a
manner consistent with capability egalitarianism. There is need for a
fuller account of justice concerning actual opportunities for political
participation than is available so far in Sen's work, one that protects
equality of substantive political freedom seen properly in the perspective
of capabilities, not merely civil liberties and political rights.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 457-480
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
Keywords: Amartya Sen, Capability Approach, Justice, Democracy, Political freedom, Political equality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701462395
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701462395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:457-480
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach, 2006-2007
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 481-486
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2007
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701469523
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701469523
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:8:y:2007:i:3:p:481-486
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorenzo Cotula
Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cotula
Title: The Property Rights Challenges of Improving Access to Water for Agriculture: Lessons from the Sahel
Abstract:
In the Sahel, efforts have been made to improve access to water for
agriculture through the creation of irrigation schemes and pastoral water
points. In the past, decisions on the construction and operation of these
water facilities were typically based on hydrological and technical
factors alone, while issues concerning who has right over what before and
after the water development project have often been neglected. However, if
these issues are not properly addressed, water development projects can
foster disputes, undermine the security of resource rights, and contribute
to resource degradation. Drawing on the analysis of relevant legislation,
on a literature review and on original fieldwork, this paper tackles the
property rights issues raised by the creation and operation of irrigation
schemes and pastoral water points, focusing on four Sahelian countries:
Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa, Sahel, Water, Agriculture, Land rights, Water rights, Legal frameworks, Property rights, Pastoralism, Farming, Wells, Irrigation,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811351
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811351
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:5-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Marcus
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcus
Author-Name: Joseph Onjala
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Onjala
Title: Exit the State: Decentralization and the Need for Local Social, Political, and Economic Considerations in Water Resource Allocation in Madagascar and Kenya
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the iconoclasticism of water as a plentiful
resource and the near universalization of decentralizing institutions to
manage it. The authors explore two agro-pastoral regions —
Ambovombe District (Madagascar) and Tana River District (Kenya) —
and consider institutional change, particularly the disengaging state, the
lack of fiscal and administrative support throughout decentralization,
community responses, and informal private markets. This paper concludes
that decentralization holds the potential to increase accountability of
the resource management process, improve governance and leadership
accountability, and maximize the resource in a sustainable fashion.
However, what we are seeing instead through the process of
decentralization are the states exiting from the water governance process
too rapidly and without concern for the culturally embedded social and
economic norms, and the growing gap between new institutions and the
needs, desires, and capacity of participants in the new systems.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 23-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Africa, Madagascar, Kenya, Water, Decentralization, Governance,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811385
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811385
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:23-45
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Meinzen-Dick
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Meinzen-Dick
Author-Name: Claudia Ringler
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ringler
Title: Water Reallocation: Drivers, Challenges, Threats, and Solutions for the Poor
Abstract:
With rapid growth in demand for water, the resource is increasingly being
transferred from agriculture to cities and industries. This paper examines
trends and expected future changes in sectoral water demand, which drive
water transfers. It then describes alternative mechanisms for water
reallocation, including administrative reallocation, market-based
reallocation, collective negotiation, and other means, including
combinations of mechanisms, and illegal transfers. Transfer mechanisms and
implications for rural livelihoods and the environment are illustrated for
case studies in the western United States and Asia. The paper concludes
with a series of suggestions for alternative policies and institutions for
reallocation that could help reduce adverse consequences for the poor.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 47-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Water reallocation, Water scarcity, Water demand, Urbanization, Market-based reallocation, Collective negotiation,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811393
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811393
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:47-64
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Jutting
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Jutting
Author-Name: Christian Morrisson
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrisson
Author-Name: Jeff Dayton-Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Dayton-Johnson
Author-Name: Denis Drechsler
Author-X-Name-First: Denis
Author-X-Name-Last: Drechsler
Title: Measuring Gender (In)Equality: The OECD Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base
Abstract:
The Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development's Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base (GID-DB) is a
new cross-country research tool with comprehensive measures of gender
equality. It improves upon existing sources because it is the only data
base on gender that systematically incorporates indicators of social
norms, traditions and family law. The GID-DB thereby permits analysis of
hypotheses that link cultural practices to gender equality, human
development and economic growth. A cross-country comparison of the data
indicates that inequalities in social institutions are particularly
pronounced in countries with low female literacy rates, but correlate less
strongly with Gross Domestic Product per capita. Similarly, our
econometric analysis suggests a clearly negative correlation between
gender inequality of the OECD Development Center and women's labor-force
participation.*The views expressed in this article are the personal
opinions of the authors
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 65-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811401
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811401
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:65-86
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inaki Permanyer
Author-X-Name-First: Inaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer
Title: On the Measurement of Gender Equality and Gender-related Development Levels
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is, first, to present an overall development index
corrected for gender differences — the 'Multidimensional
Gender-related Development Index' (MGDI) — which can be viewed as
an alternative to the Gender-related Development Index. Secondly, to
present a 'Multidimensional Gender Equality Index' (MGEI) that is not
influenced by overall development levels. The new MGDI and MGEI are
intended to overcome some of the shortcomings that characterize both the
United Nations Development Programme's gender-related indices — the
Gender-related Development and the Gender Empowerment Measure — and
other indices that try to measure gender inequality by itself. This is
accomplished through an innovative approach in which we first outline the
theoretical properties of a reasonable gender equality measure and an
overall development index corrected for gender differences, and then
present an appropriate measure that contains all those properties at the
same time.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 87-108
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Gender-related Development Index, Gender Equality Index, Measurement, Absolute and relative differences,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811427
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:87-108
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Satya Chakravarty
Author-X-Name-First: Satya
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakravarty
Author-Name: Amita Majumder
Author-X-Name-First: Amita
Author-X-Name-Last: Majumder
Title: Millennium Development Goals: Measuring Progress towards their Achievement
Abstract:
The Millennium Development Goals are time-bound quantified targets for
improving the human condition from different perspectives. Within each
Goal several targets have been set, and to each target there corresponds
one or more indicators. For each indicator we axiomatically characterize
an index of perceived progress towards reaching the Goals such that it can
be used for monitoring progress. We also present a composite index of
progress, which allows the calculation of percentage contributions of
progress made in different dimensions. This, in turn, enables us to
identify the dimensions for which more progress is required, which is
important from a policy perspective. We also provide an empirical
illustration of the proposed indices using cross-country data for
different indicators.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 109-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Targets, Indicators, Axioms, Indices, Characterization, Illustration,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811435
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811435
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:109-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Wall
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wall
Author-Name: Deborah Johnston
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston
Title: Counting Heads or Counting Televisions: Can Asset-based Measures of Welfare Assist Policy-makers in Russia?
Abstract:
There has been a vigorous debate about poverty measurement in Russia,
where both the poverty line and poverty data have been subject to
criticism. We outline some of the issues raised and discuss the use of an
alternative welfare measure based on household assets. Asset indices have
mostly been constructed for low-income countries, supported by two
arguments: first, the asset index appears to have a number of empirical
advantages in terms of data collection; and second, it may be better at
capturing long-term welfare than either income or expenditure data. We
show that the asset index approach is useful in Russia, and may present
policy-makers with a superior means of determining household welfare.
However, our discussion raises a number of methodological issues that must
be confronted by those constructing asset indices.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 131-147
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Asset index, Poverty, Russia,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880701811468
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880701811468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:1:p:131-147
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Hodgett
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgett
Title: Sen, Culture and Expanding Participatory Capabilities in Northern Ireland
Abstract:
Sen has suggested that it is a person's overall freedom that influences
their opportunity to have valuable outcomes to their lives, and that this
proves important to the whole society's development. It is also a
“principal determinant of individual initiative and social
effectiveness”. This paper investigates whether Sen's ideas on
human flourishing can assist in explaining the realization of European
Structural Policy in Northern Ireland and the implementation of a local
Community Infrastructure to support the third sector. The paper explores
Sen's ideas on cultural liberty and cultural captivity in the building of
capabilities and functionings. It applies them in the context of Northern
Ireland during a time of economic difficulty and civil unrest. The paper
outlines how Sen's theories help illuminate the process of policy
evolution on development within this part of the European Union and the
application of policy to practice. The article offers some insights into
how such international interventions assisted in building the Northern
Ireland peace process.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 165-183
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Cultural liberty and captivity, Participant democracy, Quality of life, European Union, Public policy, Human development, Hermeneutical frameworks, Well-being,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078728
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:165-183
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brian Maddox
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Maddox
Title: What Good is Literacy? Insights and Implications of the Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
The capabilities approach has consistently promoted literacy as an
important social entitlement, a key determinant of well-being and a goal
of human development. This significance of literacy is reflected in the
United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports.
Nevertheless, as Martha Nussbaum highlights, adult literacy statistics are
a pervasive reminder of social inequality and capability deprivation on a
global scale. This paper examines the insights into literacy provided by
the Capabilities Approach, and the distinctive rationale that it provides
for supporting adult literacy programmes. The article begins by discussing
the place of literacy in human development, and the work of Amartya Sen
and Martha Nussbaum. In so doing, the paper examines the intrinsic value
of literacy as a good, and its instrumental role in enhancing wider
capabilities. The discussion is then extended in relation to ethnographic
examples drawn from fieldwork in Bangladesh.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-206
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Capabilities, Ethnography, Human development, Literacy, Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Bangladesh,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078736
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078736
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:185-206
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Parra
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Parra
Title: Quality of Life Markets: Capabilities and Corporate Social Responsibility
Abstract:
This paper proposes an alternative understanding of Sen's Capabilities
Approach that views capabilities as constantly evolving due to the
permanent phenomenological re-construction of an individual's beings and
doings, making apparent the potential link between human development and
evolutionary economics. In addition, I discuss an example of how this
alternative understanding may be put into practice in a Corporate Social
Responsibility context for the sake of knowledge growth. In doing so, I
attempt to lay the foundations for what could be labeled a 'Quality of
Life Market', where quality-of-life improvements are transacted, at
market-determined prices, advancing and promoting the core business of
private firms, while empowering individuals to live lives they have reason
to value.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 207-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Capabilities, Knowledge, Corporate Social Responsibility, Market-based solutions,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078751
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:207-227
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Schischka
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Schischka
Author-Name: Paul Dalziel
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalziel
Author-Name: Caroline Saunders
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders
Title: Applying Sen's Capability Approach to Poverty Alleviation Programs: Two Case Studies
Abstract:
This research investigated whether Sen's Capability Approach could be
applied to two very different programs for human development. The first
case study involved a poverty alleviation program based around community
gardens in a low-income neighborhood of a moderately sized city in New
Zealand. The second was a self-help development project for village women
in the Pacific Island nation of Samoa. Sixteen focus groups of
participants in the two programs were able to describe significant changes
in their capabilities, not only as a result of learning new skills but
also as a result of discovering capabilities they already had that could
be valuable in creating new opportunities for themselves. This last result
is consistent with Sen's emphasis on the importance of participant agency
in development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 229-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Capability Approach, Focus groups, Samoa, New Zealand,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078777
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078777
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:229-246
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Whitworth
Author-X-Name-First: Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitworth
Author-Name: Michael Noble
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Noble
Title: A Safety Net without Holes: An Argument for a Comprehensive Income Security System for South Africa
Abstract:
Calls for a comprehensive income security policy are common in South
Africa, frequently in the form of a basic income grant. These arguments
tend to draw on two broad sets of literature that, although arguing to the
same ends, are not usually combined or interrelated. First, there are
analyses setting out the social and economic benefits of such a policy,
focusing particularly on arguments of economic efficiency and
affordability. Second, there has been much theoretical and normative work
arguing (particularly) in favour of a basic income grant or other form of
citizen's income. In this paper we aim to connect these literatures and to
identify the most appropriate theoretical and normative justification for
a comprehensive income security 'safety net' for South Africa.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 247-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Comprehensive social security, Basic income grant, Social protection, citizenship, Human needs, Human development,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078793
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:247-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D. Narayana
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayana
Title: Intensifying Infant Mortality Inequality in India and a Reversal by Policy Intervention
Abstract:
The adverse sex ratio, a feature of India, is an outcome of two forms of
inequality; natal inequality through sex-selective abortion, and mortality
inequality. The analysis of trends in mortality inequality at the infant
stage, which is the subject of this paper, in the rural and urban areas of
15 major Indian states reveals that overall mortality inequality has
intensified. This is particularly the case in the developed states,
accounting for a large proportion of the foregone reduction in the infant
mortality rate. However, the trend in Tamil Nadu state points to a
reversal in mortality inequality in recent years on account of
multi-pronged policy interventions by the state government, which are
aimed at protecting the girl child. The political-will of the party in
power during 1991-1996 and 2001-2006 in Tamil Nadu points the way for the
rest of the nation, and is possibly the way for India to achieve the
Millennium Development Goal with respect to the infant mortality rate.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 265-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Infant mortality rate, Natal inequality, Mortality inequality, Sex ratio, Girl child protection, Cradle baby scheme,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078801
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078801
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:265-281
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Ann Winters
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Winters
Title: Institution Building in Haiti: An Assessment of the Interim Cooperation Framework 2004-2006
Abstract:
This paper has a dual objective: it is a country case study and a policy
evaluation within the background of the Interim Cooperation Framework
2004-2006, a document produced by an international delegation including
the World Bank, United Nations, European Commission and Inter-American
Development Bank with Haiti's interim government to forge a consensus on
the amelioration of Haiti's crisis following the premature departure of
President Aristide in February 2004. An underlying theme is that the
Interim Cooperation Framework also reflects the World Bank's embrace of
the 'new institutionalism' and its applied policy dimension. The paper
posits that the critical governance and institutional issues that largely
motivated the report are not encompassed by economic theory alone. Given
Haiti's history, the new institutional approach would not provide a real
point of departure unless fundamental changes were to take place. These
include, but are not limited to, resolving the conflict between the
peasantry and the state apparatus, addressing conflicts of interest among
the heterogeneous ruling class of merchants, politicians, religious
entities and large landowners, and curtailing adverse foreign
interference.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 283-303
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Interim Cooperation Framework, Institutionalism, Hysteresis, Market liberalization, Haiti, Economic development, International community,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802078827
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802078827
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:2:p:283-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Introduction: Landmarks and Direction-posts
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 325-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236516
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:325-328
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khadija Haq
Author-X-Name-First: Khadija
Author-X-Name-Last: Haq
Title: Amartya Sen and Mahbub ul Haq: A Friendship that Continues beyond Life
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 329-330
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236524
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236524
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:329-330
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: The Idea of Justice
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 331-342
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236540
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236540
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:331-342
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kwame Anthony Appiah
Author-X-Name-First: Kwame Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Appiah
Title: Bending towards Justice
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the concept of identity developed by Amartya Sen in
recent work, especially in the book Identity and Violence. It discusses
the relationship between identity and solidarity, arguing that the former
is necessary but by no means sufficient for the latter, so that, contra
what Sen sometimes suggests, identities are not simply forms of
solidarity. It then argues that Sen's account is both morally and
methodologically individualist — which seems right — and
that it is also correct in seeing identities as, in a certain sense,
normative. But it then shows that his account is also rationalist, in
treating identity as grounding reasons for thinking and acting, and that
this leaves out the important role of non-rational factors in the social
and political mobilization of identity. This means that some of Sen's
policy proposals, while helpful, will not deal with some serious cases
where identity leads to political violence.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 343-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Identity, Individualism (moral), Individualism (methodological), Muslims, Rationality, Solidarity,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236557
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236557
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:343-355
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: The Clash Within: Democracy and the Hindu Right
Abstract:
The Gujarat pogrom of 2002 is evidence of a profound crisis in India's
democracy. Samuel P. Huntington's influential thesis of the 'clash of
civilizations,' according to which the world is torn between democratic
western values and threatening Islamic values, gives no help in explaining
the situation, since the threatening values of the Hindu Right derive
largely from European origins and are being used to threaten innocent
Muslim civilians. I argue that the real 'clash of civilization' is the
clash within every modern society between those who are prepared to live
with people who differ, on terms of equal respect, and those who seek the
comfort of a single 'pure' ethno-religious ideology. At a deeper level,
the 'clash' is internal to each human being, as fear and aggression
contend against compassion and respect. Policy-makers eager to promote the
victory of respect over violence can learn from the case of India, where a
wise institutional structure and a genuinely free press are major assets
in resisting the call to hate. On the other hand, India's current lack of
emphasis on critical thinking in the schools, and its lack after Gandhi's
death of a public culture of compassion to counter the Hindu Right's
culture of humiliated, warlike masculinity, sound warning notes for the
future.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 357-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: India, Gujarat, Hindu Right, Muslims, Huntington, Golwalkar, Savarkar, Respect, Compassion, Democracy, Clash of civilizations,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236565
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236565
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:357-375
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hilary Putnam
Author-X-Name-First: Hilary
Author-X-Name-Last: Putnam
Title: Capabilities and Two Ethical Theories
Abstract:
The present paper examines two currently popular approaches to ethical
theory — namely, 'Expressivism' (also known as 'emotivism' and
'non-cognitivism') and contemporary forms of 'Kantianism' — and
argues that neither provides a suitable foundation for the capabilities
approach. Two philosophers are discussed in some detail — Simon
Blackburn, as a leading representative of Expressivism, and Thomas
Scanlon, as a leading representative of 'Kantianism' — but the
views of Habermas also come under some scrutiny. The paper ends by
advocating a view close to that of John Dewey.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 377-388
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Simon Blackburn, John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Thomas Scanlon, Democracy, Entanglement, Expressivism, Fallibilism, Kantianism, Positivism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236581
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wulf Gaertner
Author-X-Name-First: Wulf
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaertner
Title: Individual Rights versus Economic Growth
Abstract:
Should human beings who have been granted basic rights be allowed to
bargain them away? In some countries, most prominently in China, special
export zones exist where workers are required to give up several of their
rights in order to be employed. Are there serious objections to such
renouncements? The first part of this paper discusses some of the pros and
cons. In the second part, the results of a questionnaire experiment are
reported where the students were asked to evaluate a situation where the
reinstatement of basic human rights had to be weighed against an aid
programme of economic reconstruction leading to growth and greater
efficiency. As far as German students are concerned, the issue of
exercising basic rights has lost quite a bit of its original support over
a period of roughly 15 years. Results from other European nations are also
reported.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 389-400
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Individual rights, Social choice, Questionnaire experiments, Economic efficiency, Growth,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236607
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:389-400
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Breena Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Breena
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Title: Ecology and the Limits of Justice: Establishing Capability Ceilings in Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
Human impacts on large-scale ecological interactions effectively confer
fundamental advantages of wealth and power to some members of society and
not to others. As illustrated here by reference to a 1993 cholera outbreak
resulting from degradation of aquatic ecosystems, these impacts can pose
barriers to the normal channels through which one might pursue individual
advantage, thereby raising tensions for liberal theories of justice that
are committed both to basic liberties and to distributive fairness. I
first illustrate these tensions by reference to John Rawls's theory. I
then argue that although Nussbaum's theory, which emerged in dialogue with
Rawls's, improves upon it in this regard, it remains subject to the same
basic tensions. Instituting 'capability ceilings' that impose a limit on
the set of basic opportunities available to people would help resolve this
tension. Thus, in addition to Nussbaum's proposal for establishing
capability thresholds, I defend capability ceilings as a friendly
amendment to her theory.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 401-425
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: John Rawls, Martha Nussbaum, Justice, Capabilities, Environmental justice, Ecosystems, Political liberalism, Value conflict, Habitat change, Resource inequality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236631
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Author-Name: Jose Manuel Roche
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Roche
Title: Monitoring Inequality among Social Groups: A Methodology Combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Principal Component Analysis
Abstract:
The present paper contributes to operationalizing the Capability Approach
by proposing a methodology for the design of sets of indicators for
monitoring inequality among social groups based on census and household
surveys. The result is a set of indicators and synthetic indices that can
be disaggregated by social groups, in a way that allows the monitoring of
inequalities in the overall achievement either of fundamental rights or of
specific rights. The methodology combines the heuristic power of Principal
Component Analysis in offering empirical evidence for the aggregation of
indicators with the operational advantage of Fuzzy Set Theory for their
final design and measurement. The paper emphasizes the complementarities
of these statistical techniques. The methodology is illustrated by the
design of a set of indicators for monitoring housing adequacy in the
Venezuelan context.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 427-452
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Capabilities, Groups, Social inequality, Human rights, Monitoring, Fuzzy Set Theory, Principal Component Analysis, Factor analysis,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236706
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:9:y:2008:i:3:p:427-452
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Title: Denis Goulet and the Project of Development Ethics: Choices in Methodology, Focus and Organization
Abstract:
Denis Goulet (1931-2006) was a pioneer of human development theory and a
founder of work on 'development ethics' as a self-conscious field that
treats the ethical and value questions posed by development theory,
planning, and practice. The present paper looks at aspects of Goulet's
work in relation to four issues concerning this project of development
ethics — scope, methodology, roles, and organizational format and
identity. It compares his views with subsequent trends in the field and
suggests lessons for work on human development. While his definition of
the scope of development ethics remains serviceable, his methodology of
intense immersion by a 'development ethicist' in each context under
examination was rewarding but limited by the time and skills it requires
and a relative disconnection from communicable theory. He wrote profoundly
about ethics' possible lines of influence, including through incorporation
in methods, movements and education, but his own ideas wait to be
sufficiently incorporated. He proposed development ethics as a new
(sub)discipline, yet the immersion in particular contexts and their
routine practices that is required for understanding and influence must be
by people who remain close to specific disciplinary and professional
backgrounds. Development ethics has to be, he eventually came to accept,
not a distinct (sub)discipline but an interdisciplinary field.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 453-474
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2008
Keywords: Development ethics, Denis Goulet, Human development, Interdisciplinarity,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802236755
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tania Burchardt
Author-X-Name-First: Tania
Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt
Title: Agency Goals, Adaptation and Capability Sets
Abstract:
'Agency goals' play an important role in Sen's capability approach. They
are an acknowledgement that individuals aspire to achieve objectives other
than their own immediate well-being. This article argues that using agency
goal achievement as a basis for evaluating inequality or disadvantage is
problematic. In particular, one of the principal charges against
utilitarianism made by capability theorists — that based on
adaptation or conditioned expectations — can be made with equal
force and validity against a metric based on agency goals. The argument is
illustrated using survey data on the educational and occupational
aspirations of a cohort of young people in Britain. The article concludes
that the conventional cross-sectional, objective, definition of a
capability set needs to be broadened. Only if the capability set from
which agency goals are formed and the capability set within which they are
pursued are evaluated can we begin to properly assess substantive freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 3-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Capability sets, Agency goals, Conditioned expectations, Adaptation, Aspirations, Autonomy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675044
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Author-Name: David Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Adaptation, Poverty and Well-Being: Some Issues and Observations with Special Reference to the Capability Approach and Development Studies
Abstract:
The idea that people adapt to poverty and deprivation by suppressing
their wants, hopes and aspirations has gained a lot of currency in
development ethics. While the 'adaptation problem' is often cited as one
of the primary arguments for abandoning utility-based concepts of
well-being in favor of the capability approach, it also has serious
implications for the capability approach and development studies
generally. These implications are not normally discussed or acknowledged
in the well-being and development literature. Fortunately for development
studies, the available evidence suggests that adaptation is not
ubiquitous. Moreover, where adaptation occurs, there is some evidence to
suggest that it takes a different — and far less damaging —
form than the type discussed in work on human well-being and development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 21-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Adaptation, Aspirations, Capability, Democracy and participation, Human values, Paternalism, Poverty and human development, Utility and well-being,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675051
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Author-Name: Tamsin Bradley
Author-X-Name-First: Tamsin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bradley
Title: Physical Religious Spaces in the Lives of Rajasthani Village Women: Ethnographic Study and Practice of Religion in Development
Abstract:
This article explores the positive contribution a focus on physical
religious spaces makes to development practice. By taking an ethnographic
approach in studying religious spaces it is possible for practitioners of
development to understand the values and beliefs of adherents, which can
help them forge closer, more empathetic relationships with local people.
This approach is particularly useful in listening to the experiences of
marginalized groups whose views are more quietly voiced. An example is
given of a group of Hindu women who shared stories of domestic violence
within a ritual space they created for this purpose. A faith-based
development organization offered the women a secure environment to perform
this ritual. This same faith-based development organization used religious
spaces in their daily practice as sites for communication with local
communities and personal reflection.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 43-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Ritual, Hinduism, Women, Rajasthan, Development, Empowerment,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675135
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Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: Poverty Measurement in the Presence of a 'Group-Affiliation' Externality
Abstract:
This paper considers the implications for poverty measurement of the
observed fact that any individual's level of deprivation is a function not
only of his own income, but of the general level of prosperity of the
group to which he is affiliated. Individual deprivation functions are
specialized to a form that reflects this 'group-affiliation' externality,
and the resulting poverty measure is studied with respect to its
properties, and its implications for poverty rankings. Mainstream
approaches to measuring deprivation tend to neglect group-related
externalities in favour of a certain thorough-going 'individualism'. This
paper is a preliminary attempt at filling this gap.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 63-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Grouping, Affiliation, Externality, Poverty, Inequality, Axiomatics,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675168
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Author-Name: Claire Gondard-Delcroix
Author-X-Name-First: Claire
Author-X-Name-Last: Gondard-Delcroix
Title: Risque, Pluriactivite Rurale et Dynamiques de Pauvrete en Milieu Rural Malgache
Abstract:
A Madagascar, l'ampleur des inegalites entre milieux urbain et rural
necessite de mettre en œuvre des politiques de developpement ciblees
sur le milieu rural. En s'interessant a l'analyse de la diversification
des activites, l'article tend a demontrer que la seule relance de la
croissance en milieu rural (par une hausse des rendements agricoles et un
desenclavement) est susceptible de n'avoir qu'un impact limite sur la
pauvrete persistante. En effet, tous les menages n'ont pas la possibilite
de profiter des opportunites nouvelles offertes par la croissance et les
menages les plus demunis, caracterises par des ressources limitees,
risquent d'etre durablement exclus. L'analyse montre que les menages les
moins bien dotes en ressources sont incapables de mettre en œuvre
les formes de diversification des activites qui protegent de la pauvrete
et sont au contraire contraints a s'engager dans des formes de
diversifications associees a la pauvrete durable. In Madagascar, the
inequality gap between urban and rural areas requires the implementation
of rural-specific development policies. By analysing the diversification
of activities, this paper strives to demonstrate that only reviving growth
in rural areas (through an increase of agricultural yields and opening up
the area) would have a limited impact on the persisting poverty. In fact,
not all households have the possibility to take advantage of new
opportunities provided by growth and the most deprived households, which
have limited resources, risk being excluded permanently. The analysis
shows that the households with fewer resources are incapable of
implementing the forms of activity diversification that protect from
poverty and on the contrary are constrained to engage in forms of
diversification associated with permanent poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 77-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Pluriactivite, Pauvrete chronique, Pauvrete transitoire, Madagascar, Milieu rural, Risk, Income Diversification, Poverty, Poverty Dynamics, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Madagascar, Rural Areas,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675275
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Author-Name: Nancy Thede
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Thede
Title: Decentralization, Democracy and Human Rights: A Human Rights-based Analysis of the Impact of Local Democratic Reforms on Development
Abstract:
This article is situated at the intersection of the debates over the role
of democracy in enhancing development and regarding human rights-based
approaches to development. Decentralization acts as a lens through which
the interaction of democratization, development, and human rights can be
analysed in concrete local contexts. The analysis presented here, of the
impact of decentralization in seven developing countries on local
political participation and on the quality of enjoyment of education and
health as economic and social rights, illustrates some of the limits of
the democratization process, and the policy relevance of a rights-based
approach to this process. By approaching decentralization as an eminently
political process, I will attempt to gauge whether or not the process
potentially contributes to addressing the limits of democratization,
particularly as concerns problems of exclusion.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 103-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Decentralization, Democratization, Human rights, Local development, Local services,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675317
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:1:p:103-123
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Author-Name: Paul Anand
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Author-Name: Graham Hunter
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter
Author-Name: Ian Carter
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Carter
Author-Name: Keith Dowding
Author-X-Name-First: Keith
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowding
Author-Name: Francesco Guala
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Guala
Author-Name: Martin Van Hees
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Hees
Title: The Development of Capability Indicators
Abstract:
This paper is motivated by sustained interest in the capabilities
approach to welfare economics combined with the paucity of economic
statistics that measure capabilities at the individual level.
Specifically, it takes a much discussed account of the normatively
desirable capabilities constitutive of a good life, argued to be
comprehensive at a high level of abstraction, and uses it to
operationalize the capabilities approach by developing a survey instrument
to elicit information about capabilities at the individual level. The
paper explores the extent to which these capabilities are covariates of a
life satisfaction measure of utility and investigates aspects of
robustness and subgroup differences using standard socio-demographic
variables as well as a relatively novel control for personality. In
substantial terms, we find there is some evidence of quantitative, but no
qualitative, gender and age differences in the capabilities-life
satisfaction relationship. Furthermore, we find that indicators from a
wide range of life domains are linked to life satisfaction, a finding that
supports multi-dimensional approaches to poverty and the non-materialist
view that people do not just value financial income per se. Our most
important contribution, however, is primarily methodological and derives
from the demonstration that, within the conventions of household and
social surveys, human capabilities can be measured with the aid of
suitably designed statistical indicators.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 125-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Capabilities, Measurement, Advantage, Multi-dimensional welfare indicators, Human development, Welfare, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Personality controls, Gender differences, Age differences,
X-DOI: 10.1080/14649880802675366
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serene Khader
Author-X-Name-First: Serene
Author-X-Name-Last: Khader
Title: Adaptive Preferences and Procedural Autonomy
Abstract:
Capabilities theorists hold that adaptive preference (APs) are
problematically shaped by deprivation, and that they thus merit public
interrogation. However, it is unclear what differentiates APs from
preferences worthy of public respect. Thinking of APs as procedurally
non-autonomous promises grounds on which to distinguish them without
compromising respect for moral pluralism. Using examples from gender and
development practice, I argue that — despite the appeal of this
route — there are deep problems with thinking of APs as
non-autonomous. Conceptions of APs as non-autonomous do not identify APs
in a way consistent with our intuitions and fail to provide appropriate
practical guidance to public institutions interested in interrogating APs.
I suggest in the conclusion that identifying APs requires a theory of the
good.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 169-187
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Adaptive preferences, Autonomy, Capabilities approach, Martha Nussbaum, Development ethics,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940851
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Author-Name: Celia Lessa Kerstenetzky
Author-X-Name-First: Celia Lessa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kerstenetzky
Author-Name: Larissa Santos
Author-X-Name-First: Larissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos
Title: Poverty as Deprivation of Freedom: The Case of Vidigal Shantytown in Rio de Janeiro
Abstract:
This article applies the concept of poverty as insufficiency of basic
capabilities in measuring living conditions of residents of a favela
(shantytown) in Rio de Janeiro, the Vidigal favela. For this purpose, we
develop a methodology to operationalize the capability approach. Our
choice of this approach is justified by a perceived discrepancy between
the ordinary judgments of the people of Rio de Janeiro, who generally
regard favela dwellers as poor, and those of poverty experts, who believe
that favela dwellers cannot be considered (income) poor on average. Our
results show that while favela inhabitants may not be income poor, they
are nonetheless very poor in freedom. Living in a favela by itself imposes
a sizable discount on people's functionings. In addition, violence between
drug gangs and between gangs and police, a common feature of Rio's
favelas, interferes negatively with people's well-being and opportunities
for collective action, in such a way that even the traditional social
capital often considered a peculiar form of wealth of favela dwellers is
being eroded by it.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 189-211
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Poverty, Capability approach, Favela, Rio de Janeiro, Social capital, Index of freedom,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940893
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Author-Name: Matthew Longshore Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Longshore
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Carolina Seward
Author-X-Name-First: Carolina
Author-X-Name-Last: Seward
Title: The Relational Ontology of Amartya Sen's Capability Approach: Incorporating Social and Individual Causes
Abstract:
While Sen has written extensively on the social factors of capabilities,
the exact nature of these social factors and how they interact to form and
influence capabilities is contested and unclear. Consequently, how to
coherently integrate social components into capability research remains a
concern for those attempting to put the capability approach to practical
use. This paper proposes one approach to understanding and integrating the
social nature of capabilities. Building upon two recent contributions by
Martins, we argue that underpinning Sen's notion of capabilities is an
ontological conception of a relational society. In this perspective, an
individual's capabilities emerge from the combination and interaction of
individual-level capacities and the individual's relative position
vis-a-vis social structures that provide reasons and resources for
particular behaviors. Crucially, this conception of society is predicated
upon a contextual notion of causality that is flexible enough to
incorporate both individual and social causes into social analysis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 213-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Capability approach, Causality, Ontology, Relational society, Social theory,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940927
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:213-235
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bejoy Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Bejoy
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Roldan Muradian
Author-X-Name-First: Roldan
Author-X-Name-Last: Muradian
Author-Name: Gerard De Groot
Author-X-Name-First: Gerard
Author-X-Name-Last: De Groot
Author-Name: Arie De Ruijter
Author-X-Name-First: Arie
Author-X-Name-Last: De Ruijter
Title: Multidimensional Poverty and Identification of Poor Households: A Case from Kerala, India
Abstract:
In this paper we compare and contrast the view on poverty of lay people,
who are affected by the policies, with that of academics and
policy-makers. Drawing from fieldwork in a village in Kerala, India, and
applying the 'participatory numbers' approach, we devise a 'local method'
to identify poor households, based on the villagers' poverty criteria. The
local method is then compared with the official methods used by the
national and the state governments. Based on the results, we argue for the
need to take into account local dimensions of poverty, in addition to
objective/universal dimensions, in the design of poverty reduction
programmes. Our findings also suggest that effective risk-mitigation
strategies must be devised to help poor households cope with shocks and
stresses as well as to prevent the vulnerable non-poor from falling into
poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 237-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, Vulnerability, Participatory numbers, Methods, Below poverty line, Kerala,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902940968
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marion Young
Author-X-Name-First: Marion
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Title: Basic Capabilities, Basic Learning Outcomes and Thresholds of Learning
Abstract:
Learning is assumed to be a fundamental means through which an individual
can improve her life, particularly in the context of moving out of
poverty. There is no prescribed methodology for evaluation of improvement
to or deterioration of quality of life related to learning, beyond
aggregated proxy indicators of economic benefit (e.g. lifetime earnings)
and social benefit (e.g. mother and child health). Evaluation of basic
capability and basic learning outcomes valued by the individual enables
analysis of positive learning outcomes as capability enhancement,
unrealized outcomes as potential capability, and negative outcomes as
capability deprivation. A research study of 14-year-old children and their
parents living in rural and urban poverty applies an assumption that
valued learning equates with functional learning that is locally perceived
as important in achieving improvement in the life of the individual.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 259-277
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Agency freedom, Basic capability, Cognitive life skills, Functional life skills learning, Interpersonal life skills learning, Personal life skills learning, Threshold of learning, Valued learning,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941206
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:259-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann
Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud
Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann
Title: Conditions of Life, Functionings and Capability: Similarities, Differences and Complementary Features
Abstract:
The German conditions of life approach to the measurement of well-being
bears some resemblance to the capability approach (CA) and can be said to
anticipate some of its features. In particular, both approaches view
well-being as inherently multidimensional and suggest that freedom of
choice is an important aspect of well-being. Conditions of life are viewed
as elements that together build an opportunity set from which the person
can choose only one element. The paper gives a brief, chronological
introduction to the conditions of life approach and considers the
differences between the versions proposed by the main authors. Parallels
are then drawn between the individual versions of the conditions of life
approach and the CA. There are several similarities with the CA, but the
conditions of life approach takes up some issues that CA more or less
neglects. This thus gives rise to the question of how these issues fit
into the CA.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 279-298
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Conditions of life, Capability, Measurement of well-being, Opportunity sets,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941271
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902941271
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:279-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jay Drydyk
Author-X-Name-First: Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk
Author-Name: Bas De Gaay Fortman
Author-X-Name-First: Bas
Author-X-Name-Last: De Gaay Fortman
Author-Name: J. Mohan Rao
Author-X-Name-First: J. Mohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao
Author-Name: Severine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: Severine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 299-306
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820902941628
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820902941628
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:2:p:299-306
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Ways of Discerning Inequality and Inequity
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 309-313
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903060352
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903060352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:309-313
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Horizontal Inequality: Two Types of Trap
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 315-340
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Inequality, Horizontal Inequality, Traps, Poverty, Capability, Persistence,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041824
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041824
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:315-340
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Capabilities and Constitutional Law: 'Perception' against Lofty Formalism
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 341-357
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Capabilities, Constitution, Perception, Aristotle, Equal Protection, Supreme Court,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041691
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041691
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:341-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niraja Gopal Jayal
Author-X-Name-First: Niraja Gopal
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayal
Title: The Challenge of Human Development: Inclusion or Democratic Citizenship?
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 359-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Inclusion, Citizenship, Democracy, Difference, Inequality, Human Development,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903041782
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903041782
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:359-374
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suman Seth
Author-X-Name-First: Suman
Author-X-Name-Last: Seth
Title: Inequality, Interactions, and Human Development
Abstract:
The Human Development Index, which is multidimensional by construction,
is criticized on the ground that it is insensitive to any form of
inequality across persons. Inequality in the multidimensional context can
take two distinct forms. The first pertains to the spread of the
distribution across persons, analogous to unidimensional inequality. The
second, in contrast, deals with interactions among dimensions. The second
form of inequality is important as dimensional interactions may alter
individual level evaluations as well as overall inequality. Recently
proposed indices have incorporated only the first form of inequality, but
not the second. It is an important omission. This paper proposes a
two-parameter class of Human Development Indices that reflects sensitivity
to both forms of inequality. It is revealed how consideration of
interactions among dimensions affects policy recommendations. Finally, the
indices are applied to the year 2000 Mexican census data to contrast the
present approach with the existing approaches.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 375-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Human Development Index, Multidimensional welfare, Multidimensional inequality, Association-sensitive inequality, Generalized means, Mexican census data, Measurement,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048878
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048878
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:375-396
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gita Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Gita
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Author-Name: Aditi Iyer
Author-X-Name-First: Aditi
Author-X-Name-Last: Iyer
Author-Name: Chandan Mukherjee
Author-X-Name-First: Chandan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee
Title: A Methodology to Analyse the Intersections of Social Inequalities in Health
Abstract:
An important issue for health policy and planning is the way in which
multiple sources of disadvantage, such as class, gender, caste, race,
ethnicity, and so forth, work together to influence health. Although
'intersectionality' is a topic for which there is growing interest and
evidence, several questions as yet remain unanswered. These gaps partly
reflect limitations in the quantitative methods used to study
intersectionality in health, even though the techniques used to analyse
health inequalities as separable processes can be sophisticated. In this
paper, we discuss a method we developed to analyse the intersections
between different social inequalities, including a technique to test for
differences along the entire span of the social spectrum, not just between
the extremes. We show how this method can be applied to the analysis of
intersectionality in access to healthcare, using cross-sectional data in
Koppal, one of the poorest districts in Karnataka, India.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-415
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Intersectionality, Social inequalities, Gender, Economic class, Methodology, Health, Karnataka, India,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048894
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:397-415
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Joe
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Joe
Author-Name: U. S. Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: U. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Author-Name: K. Navaneetham
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Navaneetham
Title: Inequalities in Childhood Malnutrition in India: Some Evidence on Group Disparities
Abstract:
This paper examines inequalities in child malnutrition in India through
three distinct — although inter-related — types of empirical
analysis. First, it reports the socio-economic inequalities in childhood
malnutrition across different Indian states. Second, it decomposes the gap
in malnutrition between children belonging to poor and non-poor households
to understand the disadvantageous distribution of health determinants and
their effects. This analysis indicates that the distribution of endowments
and positive maternal characteristics are significant in widening the gap
between the child malnutrition among poor and non-poor households. Third,
it examines the inter-group disparities in child malnutrition and notes
that child groups privileged in terms of income, mother's nutritional
status and education have lower malnutrition, whereas the group adverse in
all three characteristics endures the most. The paper concludes that
policies to reduce malnutrition inequalities should recognize that
endowment revisions can be more effective if appended with behavioural
interventions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 417-439
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
Keywords: Child health, Malnutrition, Health inequality, Group inequality, Decomposition, India,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903048886
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903048886
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:417-439
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Gallagher
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallagher
Author-Name: David Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 441-447
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903053381
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903053381
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:441-447
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim
Author-X-Name-First: Solava
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim
Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2008-2009
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 449-452
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2009
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903060394
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903060394
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:449-452
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven
Title: Employment, Inequality and Globalization: A Continuous Concern
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-9
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481350
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481350
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:1-9
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Title: Employment, Basic Needs and Human Development: Elements for a New International Paradigm in Response to Crisis
Abstract:
This article reviews various strands of development policies such as
employment and basic needs policies, structural adjustment policies, human
rights and human development policies, as well as policies emanating from
the so-called Washington Consensus leading to current globalization
practices. It argues that the present global crisis presents an important
opportunity for making major changes in the objectives, directions and
operations of the international system. Major efforts of financial and
economic stimulus without such changes are short-sighted and dangerous. A
new approach, a shift of paradigm or framework, is needed that is more
flexible, less dogmatic, and is multi-disciplinary and clearly directed to
long-term international goals: sustainability, stability, equity and human
rights. There is also a need for more coherence in objectives and
strategies across the system of international organizations. The human
development paradigm, now marking its 20th anniversary, has many of the
qualities required to be the basis for such an international framework,
adapted to the specifics of each country. Some moves toward this should be
considered.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 11-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Human development, Global economic crisis, International reform,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903504573
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903504573
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thandika Mkandawire
Author-X-Name-First: Thandika
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkandawire
Title: How the New Poverty Agenda Neglected Social and Employment Policies in Africa
Abstract:
This article argues that a shift towards issues of poverty is a welcome
antidote to policy-making that had expunged poverty from the central
agenda to focus on stabilization, debt management and static allocative
efficiency. Unfortunately, in correcting a narrow policy agenda the new
focus pushes a good point too far when it focuses attention only on the
proximate causes of poverty and narrows the development agenda.
Development was aimed at more than poverty and, significantly in countries
that have successfully combated poverty, the most important policy
measures were not explicitly directed at poverty. Indeed in many cases,
other objectives — pre-empting social unrest, nation-building,
'human capital' developmental considerations — lay behind the
policies that, ex post, can be read as poverty reducing. Eradication of
poverty is always embedded in social and economic development. The
determinants of human development goals are multiple and cut across
sectors. The new challenge in Africa is to bring back development, but now
one that is democratically anchored and socially inclusive.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 37-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Poverty, Employment, Social policy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481400
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481400
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:37-55
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Amsden
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Amsden
Title: Say's Law, Poverty Persistence, and Employment Neglect
Abstract:
Grass roots methods of poverty alleviation will fail unless jobs are
created or stimulated by governments (whether central or local). In the
presence of high unemployment at all levels, improving the capabilities of
job seekers (making them better fed and housed and educated) will only
lead to more unemployment and not to more paid employment or
self-employment above the subsistence level (call this the 'Kerala
Effect'). To believe that improving only the supply side of the labor
market is enough to reduce poverty without also improving the demand side,
and investing in jobs, is logically flawed and subject to the same error
as Say's Law — that 'supply creates its own demand'. Healthcare and
other benefits provided through grass roots anti-poverty programs may
improve the quality of life (measured by rising life expectancy). But as
population growth rises, diminishing returns sets in, in Malthusian
fashion, and poverty does not fall, as shown by the data provided in the
article.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 57-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Employment generation, Poverty alleviation, Say's Law, Grass-roots, Volunteerism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481434
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481434
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:57-66
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven
Title: Income Inequality and Employment Revisited: Can One Make Sense of Economic Policy?
Abstract:
This article discusses growing inequalities in the context of employment
and labour market policies and how the latter can contribute to lowering
inequalities. It discusses what is meant by income inequality, why it is
remains important to focus on income inequality, which measures of income
inequality are relevant and how we have arrived at growing income
inequality. A last section reviews what can be done about growing
inequality. The current situation is dominated by globalization, which has
influenced the functioning and outcome of various aspects of the labour
market. Greater attention to labour market institutions and greater
coherence between economic and labour market policies is therefore
necessary to stem growing inequality. Past examples of combining growth
with equitable income distribution are often examples of restrained
capitalism. Either social pacts or government bureaucrats and political
elites provided the restraint. The current crisis and the public concern
for improved income equality might engender renewed political will to make
employment creation and income distribution important objectives for
economic policy-making.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 67-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Employment, Inequality, Globalization, Development, Economic policy,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481459
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481459
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:67-84
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia
Title: Income Distribution under Latin America's New Left Regimes
Abstract:
This paper reviews the decline in income inequality that has taken place
over 2002-2007 in most Latin American countries against the background of
its steady increase over 1980-2002. The paper then analyzes the factors
that could explain this trend reversal. It focuses in particular on
favorable external conditions, cyclical factors, improvements in the
distribution of educational achievements and the subsequent drop in
skill-premium, and changes in macro-economic and social policies
introduced in several countries, particularly by a growing number of
left-of-center governments that have come to power during the past decade.
An econometric test for the years 1990-2007 using a sample of countries
covering the majority of the population in the region indicates that, in
addition to a favorable business cycle and external conditions, a decline
in skill premium and the new policy model of fiscally prudent
social-democracy that is emerging this decade in much of Latin America
impacted favorably the distribution of income. If this approach will
survive the current crisis, much of the recent inequality decline is
likely to become permanent.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 85-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Income inequality, Terms of trade, Policy regimes, Latin America,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481483
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:85-114
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Izurieta
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Izurieta
Author-Name: Ajit Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Ajit
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Title: Does Fast Growth in India and China Help or Harm US Workers?
Abstract:
A major issue today is whether globalization of the world's labour,
capital and product markets, together with rapid economic growth in India
and China, will have an adverse effect on workers in the US and other
advanced countries. Simulations of different scenarios using the
Cambridge-Alphametrics Model of the World Economy indicate that, at a
bloc-disaggregated level, there are severe supply-side constraints
relating particularly to natural resources (energy and raw materials) that
thwart the expansionary demand effects of fast growth in India and China.
This analysis is based on long-term trends in the world economy prior to
the current global financial crisis. However, for the sake of
completeness, it also comments on the likely implications of this crisis
for the USA and other advanced country workers.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 115-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Development, Industrialization, Growth convergence, India/China, US workers,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903481558
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903481558
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:115-141
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Vos
Author-X-Name-First: Rob
Author-X-Name-Last: Vos
Title: The Crisis of Globalization as an Opportunity to Create a Fairer World
Abstract:
After having reviewed trends leading to greater international inequality,
this article argues for a more stable international financial system
allowing developing countries greater participation in international trade
combined with full exploitation of their development potential. As
emerging economies tap deeper into global supply chains, outsourcing of
jobs will influence employment and there is need for a more transparent,
coherent and balanced framework at the global level. Also a more balanced
pattern of domestic demand will only be achieved with rising wages rather
than through increased debt levels. Economies need continuously to
increase their skill and knowledge base in order to successfully integrate
themselves into the global production process. Active labour market
policies (including skill development) should be strengthened to better
prepare workers for the future job market. When temporary dislocation of
workers cannot be avoided, appropriate social protection measures provide
worker security. In all cases, the benefits that global production can
bring should be properly weighted against the costs, and these costs can
only be minimized through active involvement of all the major actors.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 143-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Globalization, Development, Financial crisis, Economic insecurity, Global governance,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903504599
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903504599
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:143-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacqueline Bhabha
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhabha
Author-Name: Frank Vollmer
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmer
Author-Name: Insa Nolte
Author-X-Name-First: Insa
Author-X-Name-Last: Nolte
Author-Name: Morten Jerven
Author-X-Name-First: Morten
Author-X-Name-Last: Jerven
Author-Name: Severine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: Severine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-172
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452820903534588
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452820903534588
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:1:p:161-172
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hein de Haas
Author-X-Name-First: Hein
Author-X-Name-Last: de Haas
Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez
Title: Mobility and Human Development: Introduction
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 177-184
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003696798
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003696798
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:177-184
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gordon Hanson
Author-X-Name-First: Gordon
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson
Title: The Governance of Migration Policy
Abstract:
In this paper, I examine high-income country motives for restricting
immigration. Abundant evidence suggests that allowing labor to move from
low-income to high-income countries would yield substantial gains in
global income. Yet, most high-income countries impose strict limits on
labor inflows and set their admission policies unilaterally. Making
immigration more attractive would require creating mechanisms that limit
the negative impacts of labor inflows on natives. Fiscal distortions
create an incentive for receiving countries to screen immigrants according
to their perceived economic impact. For high-skilled immigrants, screening
can be based on educational degrees and professional credentials, which
are relatively easy to observe. For low-skilled immigrants, illegal
immigration represents an imperfect but increasingly common screening
device. For policy-makers in labor-importing nations, the modest benefits
freer immigration brings may simply not be worth the political hassle. To
induce high-income countries to lower border barriers, they need to get
more out of the bargain.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: International migration, Labor mobility, Political economy, Illegal migration,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677368
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677368
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:185-207
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Crush
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush
Author-Name: Sujata Ramachandran
Author-X-Name-First: Sujata
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramachandran
Title: Xenophobia, International Migration and Development
Abstract:
Migration from developing to developed countries has been accompanied by
growing resentment of immigrants and refugees. While xenophobic sentiment
continues to be strongly entrenched in developed countries, it is
increasingly prevalent in developing countries as well. This paper
examines the rise of xenophobic sentiment and action in India and South
Africa. The response of the state to xenophobic violence in each
jurisdiction is considered. In each case, the ability of the state to
formulate and implement remedial policies is compromised by its own
complicity or denialism in regard to xenophobia. Without a coordinated
international, regional and national recognition of the magnitude of the
problem and the formulation of a coherent and coordinated response
(including much more research on the actual rather than imagined impacts
of migration), xenophobia will continue to undermine the rights of
migrants and bedevil efforts to maximize the development potential of
migration.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 209-228
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Xenophobia, Cross-border migration, South Africa, India, Discrimination and intolerance, State policies,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677327
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677327
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:209-228
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Ortega
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega
Title: Human Development of Peoples
Abstract:
This paper provides a framework and estimates of enrollment rates per
natural and combines them with previous income and child mortality
per-natural estimates to produce a Human Development Index by country of
birth as opposed to country of residence (per natural). The methodology is
applied for 1990 and 2000 to provide estimates of growth rates of this
measure over the period. The paper also develops and illustrates a
framework for estimating an education place premium, and discusses how it
is related to per natural measures. The peoples of the least developed
countries stand to gain the most from international migration, but there
are potentially significant gains to migration between developing
countries as well.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 229-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Migration, Human development, Education,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677335
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677335
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:229-257
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Ruhs
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhs
Title: Migrant Rights, Immigration Policy and Human Development
Abstract:
This paper explores the impacts of the rights of migrant workers
('migrant rights') on the human development of actual and potential
migrants, their families, and other people in migrants' countries of
origin. A key feature of the paper is its consideration of how migrant
rights affect both the capability to move and work in higher income
countries (i.e. the access of workers in low-income countries to labor
markets of higher-income countries) and capabilities while living and
working abroad. The paper suggests that there may be a trade-off between
the number and some of the socio-economic rights of low-skilled migrant
workers admitted to high-income countries, and explores the implications
for human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 259-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Migrant rights, Immigration policy, Human development, Global labor markets,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677343
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677343
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:259-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Cummins
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins
Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez
Title: Is There a Numbers versus Rights Trade-off in Immigration Policy? What the Data Say
Abstract:
This paper explores the empirical support behind the idea that there is a
trade-off between the size of low-skilled migrant labor populations and
the rights and entitlements accorded to them. We first look at the
empirical correlation between measures of migrants' rights and the size of
both the stock and flow of immigrants in a number of existing databases.
Using data on migrants' rights from three recent studies—the
Economist Intelligence Unit's Migrant Accessibility Index, the Migration
Policy Group and British Council's Migrant Integration Policy Index, and
the Human Development Report Office's Migrant Entitlements and Services
Index—we fail to find a systematic correlation of any sign. We then
turn to regression analysis using ordinary least squares and instrumental
variable techniques, and again fail to find evidence in favor of the
existence of a correlation. The numerical magnitudes of the correlations
suggest a quantitatively small relationship that in several cases is
positive rather than negative.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 281-303
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Migration rights and entitlements, Measurement, Migration data,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003696855
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003696855
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:281-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Ruhs
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhs
Title: Numbers versus Rights in Low-Skilled Labour Immigration Policy? A Comment on Cummins and Rodriguez (2010)
Abstract:
My paper for this special issue (Ruhs, 2010), which builds on analysis in
a previous paper with Phil Martin (Ruhs and Martin, 2008), suggests the
hypothesis of a trade-off (i.e. an inverse relationship) between the
number and some of the socio-economic rights of low-skilled migrant
workers admitted to high-income countries. Ruhs (2010) discusses the
economic factors and mechanisms that may give rise to such a trade-off and
presents several brief case studies that, I argue, provide some
illustrative empirical support for the existence of a trade-off. As I make
clear in the conclusion, there is 'clearly a need for more systematic
empirical research that includes a larger number of countries and that
investigates alternative explanations of the relationship between the
number and rights of low-skilled migrant workers admitted to high-income
countries' (Ruhs, 2010, p. 276) The paper by Cummins and Rodriguez (C&R,
2010) aims to provide this systematic empirical analysis. C&R conclude
that their statistical tests 'do not on the whole support the existence of
a numbers versus rights trade-off in immigration policy' (2010, p. 283).
The authors emphasize that the measurement of migrant rights and
immigration policies is still at a nascent stage and that future
assessments and better data 'could, in turn, lead us to re-evaluate the
conclusions presented in this paper' (p. 298). I consider the analysis by
C&R unconvincing as a systematic empirical test of the numbers versus
rights hypothesis for two reasons, namely: their conceptualization and
measurement of the number of migrant workers in the context of this
debate, and the indices used to measure the rights of migrant workers. I
conclude with an outline of the systematic empirical analysis needed to
advance the debate.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 305-309
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003688183
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003688183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:305-309
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Cummins
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins
Author-Name: Francisco Rodriguez
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez
Title: A Rejoinder to Ruhs
Abstract:
Our paper in this issue sets out to do a simple task: to empirically
evaluate the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the number of
low-skilled migrant workers and their rights using existing cross-national
data. In his reply, Martin Ruhs argues that our criticism is unconvincing
because our data on numbers do not adequately capture the object of his
hypothesis—which refers to the rights of persons admitted with the
primary purpose of employment—and because our data on rights also
capture other dimensions of the conditions of migrants.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/00344891003696967
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00344891003696967
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:311-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Denise Stanley
Author-X-Name-First: Denise
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanley
Title: Outmigration, Human Development and Trade: A Central American Case Study
Abstract:
Controversy surrounds the large increase in international immigration,
but little is known about the many drivers of this mobility. While most
migration studies have focused on economic motivations, a small literature
addresses the impact of human development and, indirectly, capability
deprivation. This case study of southern Honduras examines migration
patterns between 1988 and 1997 to assess the impacts of human development,
non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAX), and other factors. We develop
a time-based census analysis replicable in other countries lacking
specialized household surveys. Our review of the region's population
census data between 1988 and 1997 suggests net outmigration in 75% of the
villages. Econometric treatment of village-level net migration rates
before Hurricane Mitch is undertaken. Improved living standards reduced
mobility and melons, rather than shrimp mariculture, played a more
positive role in labor attraction. Comparisons of census data after and
before the mobility pattern suggest improvements in education, yet greater
gender divisions, in some areas that by implication undertook
international migration.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 315-337
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Migration, Human development, Non-traditional exports, Land use, Employment,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677350
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677350
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:315-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Author-Name: Thanh-Dam Truong
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh-Dam
Author-X-Name-Last: Truong
Title: Movements of the 'We': International and Transnational Migration and the Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
We consider cross-border migration through the lens of the capabilities
approach, with special reference to transnational migration and to
implications for the approach itself. Cross-border migration has profound
and diverse effects, not least because it accelerates change in the nature
of political community. A capabilities approach can be helpful through its
insistence on multi-dimensional, inter-personally disaggregated,
reflective evaluation. At the same time, the realities of migration
exercise pressure on capabilities thinking, to deepen its underlying
social and political theory and nuance its efforts to counter
communitarian tendencies. By extending its attention to migrants and the
locality-spanning social and political spaces in which they live, the
capabilities approach will be able to better concretize and situate the
picture of the 'we' who 'have (or seek) reason to value' purported goods
and rights.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 339-357
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: International migration, Transnationalism, Capabilities approach, Identity, Human security,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003677319
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003677319
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:339-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victor Bulmer-Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Bulmer-Thomas
Author-Name: Daniel Neff
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Neff
Author-Name: Lalit Khandare
Author-X-Name-First: Lalit
Author-X-Name-Last: Khandare
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 359-365
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452821003688308
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452821003688308
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:359-365
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Power, Pride, Prejudice, and Poverty
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 367-369
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495494
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495494
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:367-369
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Power and Progress: The Swing of the Pendulum
Abstract:
This paper uses Polanyi's 1944 analysis of policy change—in which
there are long-term swings from state regulation to markets and back
again, as the consequences of one regime lead to political reactions that
in turn reverse the policies. It shows how the Polanyi analysis continued
to apply throughout the twentieth and early-twenty-first century, well
beyond when he wrote, and that the swings also apply to developing country
policy-making. It argues that there are new signs of policy
change—this time against market domination—in a number of
developing countries. The paper concludes that Polanyi's view of the
conditions behind policy change—notably long-term political
movements, political struggle and political conflict—needs to be
introduced into the analysis of policy change for the promotion of human
development and the expansion of capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 371-395
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Human development, Political economy, Policy swings, Polanyi,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495501
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495501
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:371-395
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Equality and Love at the End of The Marriage of Figaro: Forging Democratic Emotions
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-423
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Love, Equality, Fraternity, Music, Emotion, Mozart,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495514
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495514
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:397-423
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy Kosko
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko
Title: Parental Consent and Children's Rights in Europe: A Balancing Act
Abstract:
Three recent European Court of Human Rights cases of discrimination in
education against Roma raise the question of what conditions must be
present for parents to give 'meaningful' consent in decisions pertaining
to their children and whether such consent can be meaningful when a
fundamental freedom is at stake. The paper investigates the nature and
limits of parental consent and makes the case for a 'threshold' above
which respect for the dignity of the parents requires meaningful consent
for any decision pertaining to their children and below which respect for
the human rights of the child prohibits interference with the exercise of
a right. Identifying the exact location of the threshold in any specific
case requires local-level public deliberation; insisting that decisions
meet those threshold conditions, and enforcing their recognition, is a job
for the Court.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 425-448
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Education, Human rights, Agency, Cultural liberty, Roma,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495516
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:425-448
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Gonzalez de Alba
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez de Alba
Title: Poverty in Mexico from an Ethnic Perspective
Abstract:
In Mexico, analysis of indigenous welfare is usually done using
municipalities or localities, not households, as the point of reference,
and this almost never in a way that allows for direct comparison with the
non-indigenous population. The 2008 edition of the National Household
Survey of Income and Expenditure made possible, for the first time, the
identification of the indigenous population. In this paper the official
income poverty method is replicated for 2008, comparing the results for
the indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Additionally, inequality
measures are estimated, comparing the income distribution of ethnic
subgroups and their respective contributions with total inequality.
Measurements using income data for indigenous and non-indigenous
populations show that members of the first group are poorer, and that
poverty is stronger in the rural areas. Inequality measures show that
there is, in general, less inequality in the indigenous population than in
the non-indigenous population, although this ranking is reversed for the
distribution of income amongst the poor. A decomposition of the Gini
coefficient shows that the indigenous population contributes
proportionately less to total inequality than does the non-indigenous
population.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 449-465
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Poverty, Inequality, Measurement, Indigenous, Mexico,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495518
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495518
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:449-465
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Jose Manuel Roche
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Roche
Author-Name: V. Lakshmi Narayanan
Author-X-Name-First: V. Lakshmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 467-474
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.495520
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.495520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:467-474
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Vigorito
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Vigorito
Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2009-2010
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 475-477
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.496567
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.496567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:3:p:475-477
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tindara Addabbo
Author-X-Name-First: Tindara
Author-X-Name-Last: Addabbo
Author-Name: Diego Lanzi
Author-X-Name-First: Diego
Author-X-Name-Last: Lanzi
Author-Name: Antonella Picchio
Author-X-Name-First: Antonella
Author-X-Name-Last: Picchio
Title: Gender Budgets: A Capability Approach
Abstract:
Feminist studies have developed several tools to assess the gender impact
of public policy and of budgets in particular. In this paper we introduce
an innovative approach to the gender auditing of public budgets inspired
by the capability approach. First, we expand the scope of the assessment
of the policy impact taking into account women's multidimensional
well-being and the contribution of their unpaid work to other people's
well-being. Second, we use a macro-economic feminist perspective to make
the capability approach operational in the policy space. Within this
extended reproductive approach, gender budgets could become a tool for
advancing a reflection on social and individual well-being and for greater
transparency on the gender division of labor, the distribution of
resources and the share of individual and public responsibilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 479-501
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Capabilities, Capability approach, Gender, Well-being, Human development, Inequality,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520900
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520900
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:479-501
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alys Willman
Author-X-Name-First: Alys
Author-X-Name-Last: Willman
Title: Risk and Reward in Managua's Commercial Sex Market: The Importance of Workplace
Abstract:
This article focuses on the capabilities of women in sex work—a
sector in which a substantial number of women in developing countries find
themselves. Sex workers confront important unfreedoms—violence and
disease—on a daily basis. How well sex workers can manage these
threats has implications not only for the workers themselves but also
their families and communities, and thus is an important concern in
development policy. Using original data from Managua, Nicaragua, I show
how workplace conditions determine women's autonomy to manage risks of
disease and violence, including their capacity to negotiate appropriate
risk compensation. I present a model of a segmented labor market, and
describe how women's autonomy in choosing a particular segment is
constrained by access to networks and human capital. Next, I estimate the
compensation to different risks by market segment. I find that sex workers
in higher-end segments are less likely than women in other segments to
take risks to their health or safety, and more able to charge a high-risk
premium when they do. In addition, women who enjoy more autonomy in
decision-making take risks less often than those whose decisions are
constrained either by a manager or by low earnings. These findings
indicate the need to consider differences in workplace conditions in
designing policy to expand the capabilities of women in sex work.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 503-531
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Nicaragua, Risk, Sex work, Gender, Bargaining power,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520910
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520910
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:503-531
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandro Agudo Sanchiz
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Agudo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchiz
Title: Opportunities for the Poor, Co-responsibilities for Women: Female Capabilities and Vulnerability in Human Development Policy and Practice
Abstract:
This paper looks at a particular type of anti-poverty aid and its
implications for gender inequality. The development model underpinning the
Mexican Oportunidades Programme, a 'flagship' in Latin America, focuses on
the reduction of inter-generational poverty through transfers conditioned
on 'co-responsibilities' fulfilled especially by mothers and aimed at
strengthening the human capital of household members. Through a
consultant-insider narrative on the tension between this policy model and
the actual lives of beneficiaries, the paper scrutinizes the delivery of
the Programme in the light of the capabilities approach. Some case studies
are then examined within this framework, assessing the position of women
in each case by reviewing the state of their capabilities and resources.
This exercise reveals social relationships obscured by the Programme's
representations and assumptions of gender roles within families, pointing
to a significant failure to address women's own needs by development
schemes aimed at poverty rather than at inequality.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 533-554
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Poverty, Inequality, Oportunidades Programme, Capability approach, Family, Women, Mexico,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520915
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520915
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:533-554
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krishnan Sharma
Author-X-Name-First: Krishnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma
Title: The Impact of Remittances on Economic Insecurity
Abstract:
There is scattered evidence suggesting a positive impact of international
remittances on economic insecurity, at both a macroeconomic and household
levels. However, there has not to date been a comprehensive and systematic
analysis of this issue that takes into account the various complexities
and nuances. This paper illustrates that cross-country generalizations
about the impact of remittances on economic security are useful only up to
a certain point; beyond that their effect can be influenced by the
interplay of various factors relating to the motivations and
characteristics of migrants, economic/social/political conditions in the
country of origin, immigration policies and conditions in the host
country, and the size and concentrations of the remittances. The policy
implications outlined in the paper include the need for caution and
retrospection in certain instances as well as action and international
collaboration in other areas.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 555-577
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Remittances, Macroeconomic insecurity, Consumption, Poverty, Income distribution, Savings, Investment, Incentives,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520923
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520923
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:555-577
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Armando Barrientos
Author-X-Name-First: Armando
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrientos
Title: Protecting Capability, Eradicating Extreme Poverty: Chile Solidario and the Future of Social Protection
Abstract:
Social protection has emerged as a strong policy framework addressing
poverty and vulnerability in developing countries. The growing literature
on social protection largely focuses on the relative effectiveness of
different social protection programmes, but seldom makes a link to
underlying conceptual frameworks. The paper argues that the capability
approach can provide a sound foundation for social protection and
discusses in some detail Chile Solidario, an integrated anti-poverty
programme that explicitly embraces this approach. The paper demonstrates
how an understanding of conceptual frameworks is essential to shaping the
future of social protection.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 579-597
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
Keywords: Capability, Poverty, Social protection,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520926
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. R. Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: S. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Theory of Justice for an Imperfect World: Exploring Amartya Sen's Idea of Justice
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 599-607
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520965
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520965
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:599-607
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Markus Labude
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Labude
Author-Name: Thomas Pogge
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge
Title: The Idea of Justice from a Rawlsian Perspective
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 609-613
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520970
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:609-613
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Polly Vizard
Author-X-Name-First: Polly
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard
Title: The Idea of Justice: Sen's Treatment of Human Rights
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 615-621
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520977
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Broome
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Broome
Title: Is this Truly an Idea of Justice?
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 623-625
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2010
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520981
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Polly Vizard
Author-X-Name-First: Polly
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Diane Elson
Author-X-Name-First: Diane
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson
Title: Introduction: The Capability Approach and Human Rights
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.541728
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.541728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:1-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Capabilities, Entitlements, Rights: Supplementation and Critique
Abstract:
Capabilities are closely related to human rights. Capabilities are
important human entitlements, inherent in the idea of basic social
justice, and can be viewed as one species of a human rights approach. This
paper explores this relationship, expanding on earlier publications,
notably Capabilities and Human Rights (1997), Women and Human Development
(2000), Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements (2003), and Frontiers of
Justice (2005). Capabilities are complementary to and augment, rather than
competing with, human rights. Capabilities can supplement the language of
rights in clarifying the basic concept of human rights, by emphasizing the
material and social aspect of all rights and the need for government
action to protect and secure all rights. They also ground entitlements in
the lives of ordinary people, without tying them down to a specific
cultural context. Human rights can also supplement the language of
capabilities. Human rights makes clear that the idea of capabilities is
not an optional entitlement, but an urgent demand that should not be
ignored nor compromised in pursuit of other objectives such as expansion
of aggregate wealth. Human rights have gained support and endorsement the
world over, and the idea of rights has the capacity to mobilize political
action.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 23-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Human rights, Capabilities, Justice,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541731
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jay Drydyk
Author-X-Name-First: Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk
Title: Responsible Pluralism, Capabilities, and Human Rights
Abstract:
For their effective realization, human rights need to be perceived as
culturally legitimate, and this in turn requires that they be justifiable
pluralistically, engaging all reliable moral discourses. In so far as a
human right calls for a specific capability to be respected, protected,
and fulfilled, the capability approach can contribute to this task of
pluralistic justification in two ways. First, it abstracts from particular
goods to valuable functionings and capabilities in a way that affirms the
particular conceptions of the good that value them. However, the model of
justification adopted by Nussbaum—Rawls's reflective
equilibrium—needs to be replaced by anchoring this discussion in
knowledge of care and neglect. Second, Nussbaum proposes that equal
entitlement to central capabilities can be justified on grounds of equal
human dignity, which, as I read it, means that everyone's striving (or at
least responsiveness) towards living well in the company of others
matters, and matters equally. This affirmation of equal dignity, however,
will be undermined if it is treated (as Nussbaum does) as a 'purely
political' idea excluding public support from particular moral discourses.
An alternative approach, responsible pluralism, enables us to enlist the
support of all reliable moral discourses in support of equal dignity,
rather than confining them to the background culture or the private realm.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 39-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Human rights, Capability approach, Care, Dignity, Pluralism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541734
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:39-61
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjay Reddy
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay
Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy
Title: Economics and Human Rights: A Non-conversation
Abstract:
Advocates or analysts of human rights and mainstream economists can find
it difficult to communicate, let alone to arrive at agreement—when
they communicate at all. Why is their dialogue non-existent or vexed? This
paper identifies three deep-seated conceptual reasons. An improved
dialogue can lead to better conceptual foundations in both disciplines and
enable them better to guide action.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 63-72
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Economics, Human rights, Interpersonal comparisons,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:63-72
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Title: The Metrics of Human Rights: Complementarities of the Human Development and Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
Capabilities and human rights are closely related and share common
commitments to freedom and justice as central political objectives. Much
of the literature on this relationship has focused on defining the
overlaps and differences between them as theoretical concepts. This paper
explores a different aspect of the relationship, namely the overlaps and
differences in their respective measurement approaches. The paper argues
that human development indicators that are used to evaluate policies for
capability expansion, or human development, cannot substitute for human
rights indicators because of the differences in them as concepts as well
as the way that these concepts are used and applied. Human rights
indicators are used to assess the accountability of the state in complying
with the obligations that are codified in international and domestic law.
However, the literature of development economics and the methods of
empirical analysis and aggregative summary measurements extensively used
in the human development and capabilities approach can overcome some of
the constraints of conventional methods used in human rights assessments.
These possibilities are illustrated in the Economic and Social Rights
Fulfillment Index, recently developed by Fukuda-Parr, Lawson-Remer and
Randolph that develops an empirical model of 'progressive realization' and
provides an empirical basis for setting benchmarks.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 73-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Capability approach, Human development, Sen, Nussbaum, Human rights indicators, Rights-based approach to development, Progressive realization,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541750
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tania Burchardt
Author-X-Name-First: Tania
Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt
Author-Name: Polly Vizard
Author-X-Name-First: Polly
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard
Title: 'Operationalizing' the Capability Approach as a Basis for Equality and Human Rights Monitoring in Twenty-first-century Britain
Abstract:
This article examines a new capability-based measurement framework that
has been developed as a basis for equality and human rights monitoring in
twenty-first-century Britain. We explore the conceptual foundations of the
framework and demonstrate its practical application for the purposes of
monitoring equality (in terms of the distribution of substantive freedoms
and opportunities among individuals and groups) and human rights (in terms
of the achievement of substantive freedoms and opportunities below a
minimum threshold) in England, Scotland and Wales. The article challenges
the sceptical position by suggesting that 'operationalizing' the
capability approach is both 'feasible' and 'workable'. A new two-stage
procedure for deriving a capability list is proposed. This combines human
rights and deliberative consultation and strikes a balance, we contend,
between internationally recognized human rights standards and principles
on the one hand, and direct deliberation/participation on the other, in
the development and agreement of capability lists.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 91-119
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Capabilities, Functionings, Treatment, Autonomy, Equality, Human rights, Indicator,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:91-119
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone Cecchini
Author-X-Name-First: Simone
Author-X-Name-Last: Cecchini
Author-Name: Francesco Notti
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Notti
Title: Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights: Faraway, so Close?
Abstract:
The objective of this article is to identify some key dimensions for a
human rights-based approach (HRBA) in the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) monitoring processes. We aim to highlight not only how this can
bring human rights and the MDGs closer to each other, but also how it can
contribute to better results in the achievement of the latter. Within this
framework, the article describes how a HRBA could contribute to redressing
the main weaknesses of the MDGs and gives an overview of good practices
and challenges in incorporating a HRBA into the MDG monitoring processes
in Latin American and Caribbean countries, with a particular focus on the
preparation of MDG reports.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 121-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Millenium Development Goals, Development, Human rights, Human rights based approach, Latin America and the Caribbean, MDG Monitoring,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:121-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. B. Anand
Author-X-Name-First: P. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Title: Right to Information and Local Governance: An Exploration
Abstract:
This paper attempts to explore issues related to right to information
(RTI) and RTI laws, in the context of local governance. The paper focuses
on four case studies—namely, India, Indonesia, Uganda, and
Nicaragua—to highlight some of the complexities in campaigning for
RTI laws and in implementing them. Based on these, a framework is
developed as a tool to map alternative approaches to making local
governance more effective and accountable. At present, there are two
schools of thought: one focusing on supply-led or state-led mechanisms
such as public expenditure tracking surveys, and the other focusing on a
human rights-based approach with RTI law at its centre. The framework
developed here suggests that these alternative approaches need not be
considered mutually exclusive approaches but can be seen in terms of Dreze
and Sen's argument of democratic institutions and democratic practice.
Thus, activists can choose approaches that best suit a context at a given
point in time as intermediate steps in the journey towards developing just
and inclusive institutions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 135-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Decentralization, Right to information, Local governance, Accountability,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541795
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:135-151
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radhika Balakrishnan
Author-X-Name-First: Radhika
Author-X-Name-Last: Balakrishnan
Author-Name: Diane Elson
Author-X-Name-First: Diane
Author-X-Name-Last: Elson
Author-Name: James Heintz
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Heintz
Title: Financial Regulation, Capabilities and Human Rights in the US Financial Crisis: The Case of Housing
Abstract:
This paper analyses the role of finance and financial regulation in
shaping capabilities, in the context of the 2008 financial crisis in the
USA, paying particular attention to the implications for capability to be
adequately housed. It argues that public reasoning and public action to
safeguard this capability can benefit from reference to the obligation to
realize the human right to adequate housing. The paper contributes to two
areas of discussion that have been relatively neglected in relation to
capabilities: the role of finance and financial regulation; and the role
of human rights obligations in safeguarding and expanding capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 153-168
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Human rights, Economic policy, Housing rights, Economic and social rights, Capabilities,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541797
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541797
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:153-168
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Ram Pillarisetti
Author-X-Name-First: J. Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Pillarisetti
Author-Name: V. Lakshmi Narayanan
Author-X-Name-First: V. Lakshmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Narayanan
Author-Name: Eswarappa Kasi
Author-X-Name-First: Eswarappa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kasi
Author-Name: Pablo Sanchez-Garrido
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Garrido
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 169-176
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.541800
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.541800
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:1:p:169-176
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Author-X-Name-First: Georges
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguefack-Tsague
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Author-Name: Walter Zucchini
Author-X-Name-First: Walter
Author-X-Name-Last: Zucchini
Title: On Weighting the Components of the Human Development Index: A Statistical Justification
Abstract:
The Human Development Index (HDI) published in the Human Development
Report of the United Nations Development Program has been calculated as a
simple average of the Life Expectancy Index, the Education Index and the
Gross Domestic Product Index. This paper provides statistical support for
the use of this seemingly arbitrary equal weighting of the three
components by treating human development as a latent concept imperfectly
captured by its three component indices. We show that a principal
component analysis (PCA) based on the correlation matrix of the components
leads to practically the same weights. Specifically we show that, for the
period 1975-2005, the first principal component accounts for between 78%
and 90% of the total variability in the data, and that its coefficients
are positive and nearly equal. By normalizing the coefficients, the simple
average weighting (1/3, 1/3, 1/3) scheme is obtained. The ranks of
countries obtained using the PCA weightings are very similar to those
based on the HDI. An advantage of the simple equal weighting is that one
can define a simple index to measure the balance of a country's
development, given its HDI.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 183-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Human Development Index, Human Development Report, United Nations Development Program, Principal component analysis, Correlation matrix,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571077
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:183-202
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie Berenger
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie
Author-X-Name-Last: Berenger
Author-Name: Audrey Verdier-Chouchane
Author-X-Name-First: Audrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Verdier-Chouchane
Title: From the Relative Women Disadvantage Index to Women's Quality-of-Life
Abstract:
Using Sen's capability approach and an aggregation methodology based on
the fuzzy set approach, this article attempts to move beyond the main
criticisms of the United Nations Development Programme indices for
analysis of gender inequality. The Relative Women Disadvantage Index can
be used to measure gender inequality in three domains (health, education,
participation). It is complemented by the Women's Quality-of-Life Index,
constructed from indicators that concern only women and children. However,
these two indices are strongly correlated and seem to buttress the idea
that the battle against gender inequalities is a condition for improving
human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 203-233
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Africa, Multidimensional indices, Gender inequalities, Quality of life, Totally fuzzy analysis, Sen's capability approach,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2010.520893
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2010.520893
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:203-233
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom De Herdt
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt
Author-Name: Wim Marivoet
Author-X-Name-First: Wim
Author-X-Name-Last: Marivoet
Title: Capabilities in Place: Locating Poverty and Affluence in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Abstract:
We argue that the capability approach can be very helpful in exploring
the links between poverty and place, thereby providing a more accurate
understanding of poverty processes. We demonstrate how Sen's list of
'conversion factors' allows one to incorporate but also to go beyond the
usual description of the connection between place and well-being in terms
of physical and social infrastructure. More in particular, we give
emphasis on the role of place in the conversion of doings into earnings.
We then apply the theoretical argument to a representative sample of
households in Kinshasa. Although monetary indicators of well-being and
poverty indicate a downward levelling of different regions of the capital
city that have been historically quite different, an exploration of the
different sources of parametric variation suggests that place does
continue to have a significant impact on well-being.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 235-256
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Capability approach, 1-2-3 Survey, Kinshasa, Urban poverty,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571084
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:235-256
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Binder
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Binder
Author-Name: Tom Broekel
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Broekel
Title: Applying a Non-parametric Efficiency Analysis to Measure Conversion Efficiency in Great Britain
Abstract:
In the literature on Sen's capability approach, studies focusing on the
empirical measurement of conversion factors are comparatively rare. We add
to this field by adopting a measure of 'conversion efficiency' that
captures the efficiency with which individuals convert their resources
into achieved functioning. We use a non-parametric efficiency procedure
borrowed from production theory and construct such a measure for a set of
basic functionings, using data from the 2005 wave of the British Household
Panel Survey. In Great Britain, 49.88% of the individuals can be
considered efficient while the mean of the inefficient individuals reaches
one-fifth less functioning achievement. An individual's conversion
efficiency is positively affected by getting older, being self-employed,
married, having no health problems and living in the London area. On the
other hand, being unemployed, separated/divorced/widowed and
(self-assessed) disabled decrease an individual's conversion efficiency.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 257-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Conversion efficiency, Welfare measurement, Robust non-parametric efficiency analysis, Functioning production,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571088
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571088
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:257-281
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olaf Erenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Olaf
Author-X-Name-Last: Erenstein
Title: Livelihood Assets as a Multidimensional Inverse Proxy for Poverty: A District-level Analysis of the Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains
Abstract:
The measurement of poverty is important yet problematic and
controversial. This study assesses livelihood asset indicators from the
sustainable livelihood approach as a multidimensional inverse proxy for
poverty. The study develops and contrasts different asset-based proxies
building on the five livelihood capitals: natural, physical, human, social
and financial. The Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains with 280 million rural
inhabitants and covering 0.47 million km2 are used as an empirical case to
illustrate and contrast the multidimensional proxies, drawing on secondary
data for 18 quantitative district-level indicators. Principal components
derived directly from the district-level indicators proved to be a good
proxy for the district-level poverty head count ratio (adjusted R2 =
0.51). A composite livelihood asset index aided interpretation but at a
significant cost of overall explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.42).
Alternative models derived from the five livelihood assets provide more
acceptable trade-offs between explanatory and interpretational power.
Livelihood asset-based approaches can thus provide an inverse proxy for
absolute poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 283-302
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Poverty analysis, Livelihood capital, Wealth index, Meso-level analysis, Indo-Gangetic Plains, India,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:283-302
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruhi Saith
Author-X-Name-First: Ruhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Saith
Author-Name: Dennis Soltys
Author-X-Name-First: Dennis
Author-X-Name-Last: Soltys
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 303-306
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.571098
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.571098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:303-306
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Author-Name: Jurgen Volkert
Author-X-Name-First: Jurgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert
Title: The Capability Approach: A Framework for Official German Poverty and Wealth Reports
Abstract:
The Capability Approach has been adopted as a theoretical framework for
official Poverty and Wealth Reports by the German government. Our article
provides information on the use of the Capability Approach in this
reporting process to international readers, which may give further
insights for the future realization of Capability Approach-based official
reporting in other countries. We provide an overview of the major
theoretical, political and organizational issues that have been raised
within and by the process of establishing the German reporting system. We
further explain why the extension of the Capability Approach from poverty
to wealth issues in German reports may be promising also for capability
analyses in general. Finally, we discuss major shortcomings and challenges
of the reporting and conclude.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Capability approach, Poverty and wealth reporting, Affluent countries, Amartya Sen,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.589248
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.589248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:311-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Porter
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Porter
Title: Plantation Economics, Violence, and Social Well-being: The Lingering Effects of Racialized Group Oppression on Contemporary Human Development in the American South
Abstract:
Historic patterns of racialized oppression, discrimination, and prejudice
have been linked to contemporary levels of racialized inequality. Such
patterns are thought to be created and maintained through a series of
institutions aimed at limiting access to resources for some while opening
doors for others. It is expected that patterns of historical racialized
inequality are the by-product of a historical lack of investment in the
cultural capital of the local community, which later manifests itself in
the form of low levels of human development, both in relational and
absolute terms. In order to test this pattern in the American South, this
link is tested using historical and contemporary data from the US Census
Bureau, the National Institute for Literacy, the Bureau of Economic
Analysis, the Center for Disease Control, the Historical American Lynching
Project, and the Negro Participation Survey. Spatially-centered nested
regression models provide support for this thesis through the
identification of links to persistent patterns of underdevelopment in
counties with a history of low levels of non-white education, school
desegregation, racialized group mobilization, agricultural means of
production, and a history of oppression through lynchings.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 339-366
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Human development, South, Lynching, Discrimination, Historical,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576659
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576659
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:339-366
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yunsun Huh
Author-X-Name-First: Yunsun
Author-X-Name-Last: Huh
Title: The Effect of Home-country Gender Status on the Labor Market Success of Immigrants
Abstract:
This article examines variation in the labor market success of female and
male immigrants in the USA across different countries of origin. Labor
market success is measured by the wages of immigrants, and the regression
model includes the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender
Empowerment Measure (GEM), published by the United Nations, to reflect
different cultural and institutional conditions that shape gender
inequalities in the immigrants' home countries. The GEM reflects women's
access to leadership positions and economic wealth, while the GDI
indicates the basic living standard of women. According to the regression
results, the GEM and the GDI have different effects on women and men. The
GEM has a positive effect on the wages of both female and male immigrants,
but it has a greater effect on women than men. The GDI has a positive
effect on male immigrants but it has a small negative effect on female
immigrants. In this sense, this study provides evidence of different
effects of various cultural backgrounds on an individual's earning
capability and different institutional effects between women and men.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 367-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Labor market success, Gender inequality, Gender status, Wage performance of immigrants, Earning capability, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gender Development Index, Cultural and institutional effects,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.590469
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.590469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:367-392
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Harttgen
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Harttgen
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen
Title: A Human Development Index by Internal Migrational Status
Abstract:
Domestic migration constitutes the largest flow of people in developing
countries and is among the most important opportunities for people to
improve their human development. We calculate the Human Development Index
by internal migrational status to assess the differences between the
levels of human development of internal migrants compared with
non-migrants. An empirical illustration for a sample of 16 low-income
countries shows that, overall, internal migrants achieve a slightly higher
level of human development than non-migrants. These improvements are
largely due to higher incomes of migrants while differentials in education
and health are smaller.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 393-424
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Internal migration, Human Development Index,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576819
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576819
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:393-424
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken
Author-X-Name-First: Ilse
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken
Title: Inserting Technology in the Relational Ontology of Sen's Capability Approach
Abstract:
In the July 2009 issue of this journal, Smith and Seward presented a
critical realist ontology of human capabilities. Using insights from
philosophy of technology/science and technology studies, it is argued that
their ontology can and should be extended; not only individuals and social
structures, but also technological artifacts should be recognized as
important constituents of human capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 425-432
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Capability approach, Human capabilities, Ontology, Technology, Technical artifacts, Actor network theory, Critical realism,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576661
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576661
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:425-432
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Title: Pioneering the Human Development Revolution: Analysing the Trajectory of Mahbub ul Haq
Abstract:
Mahbub ul Haq's work to coordinate, establish and propagate the human
development approach offers an example of effective leadership in
promoting more ethical socio-economic development. This article reviews
Pioneering the Human Development Revolution—An Intellectual
Biography of Mahbub ul Haq (edited by Haq and Ponzio), and extends themes
from the United Nations Intellectual History Project to examine Haq's
contributions in terms of four aspects of leadership: articulating and
applying values that combine depth with broad appeal; providing a fruitful
and vivid way of seeing, a 'vision', that reflects the values; embodying
the values and vision in workable practical proposals; and supporting and
communicating the previous aspects through wide and relevant networks. It
suggests that the human development approach may need to update its values
and vision, including through better integration of human security
thinking, if it is to retain the leadership role it acquired thanks to
Haq.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 433-456
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Keywords: Leadership, Framing, Human dignity, Human security, Social entreneurship, United Nations,
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.576660
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.576660
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:433-456
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krushil Watene
Author-X-Name-First: Krushil
Author-X-Name-Last: Watene
Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer
Author-Name: Kristin Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Brian Jenkin
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkin
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Title: Book Reviews
Abstract:
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 457-467
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.589263
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19452829.2011.589263
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:3:p:457-467
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arjun Jayadev
Author-X-Name-First: Arjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayadev
Title: Global Governance and Human Development: Promoting Democratic Accountability and Institutional Experimentation
Abstract:
This paper identifies two elements for global governance critical to the
pursuit of human development: democratic accountability and institutional
experimentation. The paper stresses the critical importance of organizing
effective global institutions for the purpose of human development and
briefly discusses some major challenges that can and do affect the
international community. It summarizes the theoretical underpinnings for
the primacy of institutions as derived from two strands of development
theory and the extent towards which these ideas have been acted upon in
developing frameworks of global governance. The paper discusses these two
principles in light of some of the major challenges that can and do affect
the international community as a whole, and some of the decentralized
forms of governance that are being developed as developing countries
assert themselves in debates on institutional organization. It focuses on
the global financial crisis as a case study in the inadequacies of current
global governance and the reforms advocated by the Commission of Experts
of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the
International Monetary and Financial System to redress these failures.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 469-491
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610781
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610781
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:469-491
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryan Thoreson
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Thoreson
Title: Capably Queer: Exploring the Intersections of Queerness and Poverty in the Urban Philippines
Abstract:
Despite growing attention to identity and intersectionality in the field
of development, there is still a dearth of empirical scholarship exploring
the ways that being sexually non-normative—or
queer—shapes the experience of living in poverty
in the Global South. In this paper, I use the ‘missing dimensions
of poverty’ framework developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human
Development Initiative to explore the ways that queerness and poverty
inflect each other in the urban Philippines. I examine the pivotal role
that queer people play in household and neighborhood economies, and argue
that being queer profoundly affects the ways that low-income Filipinos
experience poverty. I suggest that a better understanding of the
capabilities that low-income queer individuals are allowed or encouraged
to exercise—and the roles that are denied to them—can be
used to beneficially integrate those populations into development praxis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 493-510
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610783
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:493-510
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greta Friedemann-Sánchez
Author-X-Name-First: Greta
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedemann-Sánchez
Author-Name: Joan M. Griffin
Author-X-Name-First: Joan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffin
Title: Defining the Boundaries between Unpaid Labor and Unpaid Caregiving: Review of the Social and Health Sciences Literature
Abstract:
Informal unpaid caregiving is a critical factor when forming and
implementing development policy in and on behalf of developing nations
because of how it can affect all aspects of economic and human development
for all society, not only women and families. Yet by being treated as an
undifferentiated concept from unpaid labor, caregiving remains at the
margins in development research and policy. Drawing from different social
science and health theories, we present the theoretical roots of
caregiving research. We propose that although unpaid caregiving
scholarship is embedded in the scholarship of unpaid labor, unpaid
caregiving must be defined as a distinct form of unpaid labor. We present
the similarities and differences between the two concepts and outline and
discuss avenues for extending the frameworks that have been used in the
social and health sciences to explore unpaid labor to study specific
aspects of caregiving.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 511-534
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.613370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.613370
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:511-534
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Simantini
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay
Title: Using the Mean of Squared Deprivation Gaps to Measure Undernutrition and Related Socioeconomic Inequalities
Abstract:
Drawing on the literature on poverty measurement, we suggest the
application of the mean of squared deprivation gaps (MSDG), which captures
the dimensions of level, depth and severity, as an alternative index of
undernutrition. The application of this index can be intuitively justified
by the biomedical finding that as nutritional shortfall increases, the
physiological risks increase at an increasing rate. We have shown how we
can analyze group inequality in nutritional deprivation among children
using the subgroup consistency feature of the MSDG. Computing the MSDG
(alternatively the share in total MSDG) for each wealth quintile, we have
obtained CIMSDG, the concentration index based on MSDG among children in
each of the major states of India. It may so happen that socioeconomic
inequality in the level of undernutrition is abated but that in
undernutrition, defined as a composite notion increases. The scenario of
child underweight across wealth quintiles in some states depicts such a
situation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 535-556
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.610782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.610782
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:535-556
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uwe E. Reinhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Uwe E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reinhardt
Title: Is There a Market for Ruger's ‘Right to Health’?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 557-563
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618323
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618323
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:557-563
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Madison Powers
Author-X-Name-First: Madison
Author-X-Name-Last: Powers
Author-Name: Ruth Faden
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Faden
Title: Health Capabilities, Outcomes, and the Political Ends of Justice
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 565-570
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618334
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618334
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:565-570
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anita L. Allen
Author-X-Name-First: Anita L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen
Title: Is There a Right to Health?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 571-576
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618336
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618336
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:571-576
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Author-Name: Joo-Young Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Joo-Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Deepening the Human Rights Connections
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 577-586
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618339
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618339
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:577-586
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruhi Saith
Author-X-Name-First: Ruhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Saith
Title: A Public Health Perspective on the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 587-594
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618341
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618341
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:587-594
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keerty Nakray
Author-X-Name-First: Keerty
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakray
Title: Addressing ‘Well-Being’ and ‘Institutionalized Power Relations’ in Health Policy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 595-598
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618344
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:595-598
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Prah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruger
Title: Reply
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 599-605
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.618347
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.618347
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:599-605
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Vigorito
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Vigorito
Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach 2010--2011
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 607-612
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2011
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.611449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.611449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:12:y:2011:i:4:p:607-612
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jos� Antonio Ocampo
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Ocampo
Author-Name: Juliana Vallejo
Author-X-Name-First: Juliana
Author-X-Name-Last: Vallejo
Title: Economic Growth, Equity and Human Development in Latin America
Abstract:
The relation between the economy and equity has shown marked contrasts in
Latin America over the past two decades. Increases in public spending have
been reflected in advances in education, health and access to basic
utilities. In contrast, the region has experienced weak labor market
performance and limited advances in social security. An intermediate
situation has characterized poverty and income distribution, where there
has been important progress during the first decade of the twenty-first
century after almost a quarter century of unsatisfactory performance. This
panorama can be described as a process of human development with
precarious employment and economic insecurity. It indicates that
Latin America has found it easier to respond to the challenge of human
development than to the reduction of inequality and the expansion of
‘labor citizenship’.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 107-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:107-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ajit Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Ajit
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Title: Financial Globalization and Human Development
Abstract:
This paper is concerned essentially with the question of how does
financial globalization affect economic welfare? Orthodox theory suggests
that because of the greater risk-sharing between countries that financial
liberalization entails, there should be no welfare losses. Greater
risk-sharing should lead to greater smoothing of consumption and/or growth
trajectories for developing countries. Yet there is widespread evidence of
crises following liberalization. Apart from these international
macro-economic issues, it is argued here that financial globalization
changes the very nature of capitalism from managerial to finance
capitalism. This profoundly affects at the micro-economic level corporate
governance, corporate finance and income distribution. Both macro-economic
and micro-economic factors outlined here influence human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 135-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637380
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637380
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:135-151
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar
Title: On Macroeconomics and Human Development: An Unexplored Domain
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-5
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.646859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.646859
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:1-5
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph Van Der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Hoeven
Author-Name: Duncan Matthews
Author-X-Name-First: Duncan
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews
Author-Name: Lalit Khandare
Author-X-Name-First: Lalit
Author-X-Name-Last: Khandare
Author-Name: Mattia Baglieri
Author-X-Name-First: Mattia
Author-X-Name-Last: Baglieri
Author-Name: Jaqui Goldin
Author-X-Name-First: Jaqui
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldin
Title: Book Reviews
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 153-163
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645316
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:153-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph E. Stiglitz
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stiglitz
Title: Macroeconomic Fluctuations, Inequality, and Human Development
Abstract:
This paper examines the two-way relationship between inequality and
economic fluctuations, and the implications for human development. For
years, the dominant paradigm in macroeconomics, which assumed that income
distribution did not matter, at least for macroeconomic behavior, ignored
inequality—both its role in causing crises and the
effect of fluctuations in general, and crises in particular, on
inequality. But the most recent financial crisis has shown the errors in
this thinking, and these views are finally beginning to be questioned.
Economists who had looked at the average equity of a
homeowner—ignoring the distribution—felt comfortable that
the economy could easily withstand a large fall in housing prices. When
such a fall occurred, however, it had disastrous effects, because a large
fraction of homeowners owed more on their homes than the value of the
home, leading to waves of foreclosure and economic stress. Policy-makers
and economists alike have begun to take note: inequality can contribute to
volatility and the creation of crises, and volatility can contribute to
inequality. Here, we explore the variety of channels through which
inequality affects fluctuations and fluctuations affect inequality, and
explore how some of the changes in our economy may have contributed to
increased inequality and volatility both directly and indirectly. After
describing the two-way relationship, the paper discusses
hysteresis—the fact that the consequences of an economic downturn
can be long-lived. Then, it examines how policy can either mitigate or
exacerbate the inequality consequences of economic downturns, and shows
how well-intentioned policies can sometimes be counterproductive. Finally,
it links these issues to human development, especially in developing
countries.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 31-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.643098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.643098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:31-58
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino
Title: Macroeconomics, Human Development, and Distribution
Abstract:
Policies designed to pursue an equity-led macroeconomic growth strategy
must take into account feedback effects, with distribution itself
influencing macroeconomic outcomes. Under the right conditions, a more
equitable distribution of income and opportunities in the form of human
development can be a stimulus to growth, funding further investments in
human development. Developing the policies to create those conditions is
the central challenge for any human development-centered macroeconomic
framework. I review here some macro-level policies that achieve this goal,
identifying a key role for fiscal policy to raise productivity and for
monetary policy to expand employment, a central goal of any
macro-inclusive strategy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 59-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637376
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:59-81
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar
Title: Macroeconomics and Human Development
Abstract:
This article analyses the interactions between macroeconomics, in terms
of objectives and policies, and human development, which is about the
well-being of people. Each can, and often does, exercise a significant
influence on the other. Macroeconomics matters for human development
because it determines the level of employment, the degree of social
protection and the public provision of services such as healthcare or
education. Human development has implications and consequences for
macroeconomics, for it can mobilize or claim resources to enlarge or
diminish space for macroeconomic policies. The relationship exists, and
matters, not only in poor countries but also in rich countries.
Employment, even if neglected, provides the critical link. The paper shows
that the causation runs in both directions and could be either positive or
negative. It also reveals similarities and differences between developing
countries and industrialized countries. The political context is
significant, everywhere, as interests, ideology and institutions influence
economic policies in both spheres to shape outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 7-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.643121
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.643121
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: The Impact of Global Economic Crises on the Poor: Comparing the 1980s and 2000s
Abstract:
This paper contrasts the impact of the financial crisis of 2008 on poor
countries and poor people with the debt crisis of the 1980s. The financial
crisis of the 2000S affected more regions of the world but its effects on
particular countries were more heterogeneous, varying according to
countries' dependence on different sources of foreign exchange. The worst
affected regions were South and Eastern Europe and Latin America. Because
of heavy aid dependence and less integration with financial markets,
sub-Saharan Africa was less badly affected, while in the 1980s sub-Saharan
Africa and Latin America suffered most. In aggregate terms, the fall in
gross domestic product (GDP) was much greater in the 2000s than the 1980s.
Yet, taken as a whole, the impact on poverty appears to have been less.
One major difference between the 1980s and 2000s was the greater autonomy
countries had in policy-making, and lesser dependence on the International
Monetary Fund, allowing countries to follow more expansionary policies.
Government expenditure as a proportion of GDP was generally sustained in
2000s in contrast to severe cuts in the 1980s. Moreover, there were more
extensive social support programmes in existence in the 2000s that acted
as mild protections against economic downturn. Like the 1980s, there were
no real-time data for poverty in 2008 and 2009 at a global level. Global
estimates based on simulations show a slowdown in poverty reduction and no
increase in actual poverty rates, yet the limited ‘actual’
data reviewed here show an increase in the rate of income poverty, some
with social protection programmes in many places, although mostly the
increase was more modest than the 1980s. The crisis of 2000s was shorter
than the 1980s, so that people and governments could draw on their savings
to protect their livelihoods, but if the global recession recurs, the
poverty consequences could become much worse. The need for short-term
indicators of poverty remains urgent, if we are to be able to analyse the
effects of crises on poverty (natural disasters and conflict as well as
economic fluctuations) rapidly and accurately, and to design appropriate
protective policies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 83-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.637386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.637386
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:83-105
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Success and Failure in Human Development, 1970--2007
Abstract:
The paper reviews experience in advancing Human Development (HD) since
1970 by investigating behaviour among countries that made the largest
improvement in HD and those that made the least improvement. The paper
provides evidence on a range of indicators for the three best (and worst)
performers among high, medium and low HD countries. It identifies
alternative combinations of variables associated with success and failure.
It then reviews performance on a range of other dimensions of Human
Development, including political rights, gender empowerment, societal
stability and environmental sustainability and shows these are only weakly
associated with performance on the Human Development Index (HDI). To
illuminate historical, political and institutional factors associated with
success and failure, the performance of six countries (four successful and
two weak performers) are briefly reviewed—Bangladesh, Chile,
Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Laos and Zambia.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 167-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645026
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645026
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:167-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Balázs Horváth
Author-X-Name-First: Balázs
Author-X-Name-Last: Horváth
Author-Name: Andrey Ivanov
Author-X-Name-First: Andrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanov
Author-Name: Mihail Peleah
Author-X-Name-First: Mihail
Author-X-Name-Last: Peleah
Title: The Global Crisis and Human Development: A Study on Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS Region
Abstract:
This paper examines the observed impact of past economic downturns on
human development indicators in 29 countries of the region. We estimate
empirical elasticities of key human development indicators covering
demographics, crime, epidemiology, unemployment, and poverty with respect
to changes in per-capita purchase power parity (PPP) gross domestic
product. Based on published gross domestic product growth projections from
the IMF, we then project the likely impact on the human development
indicators in coming years for the countries in the region. The results
suggest that the adverse impact of past downturn in income on poverty,
public health, mortality, and suicide and homicide rates is likely to be
considerable, long-lasting, and to affect the poorest disproportionately.
Based on our results, we argue that policy-makers will need better and
more timely data to provide the evidence base for policies; and that those
policies need to take into account the looming substantial backslide in
human development indicators stemming from the global economic crisis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 197-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645531
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:197-225
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Gaël E. Collomb
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Gaël E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Collomb
Author-Name: Janaki R. Alavalapati
Author-X-Name-First: Janaki R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Alavalapati
Author-Name: Tim Fik
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Fik
Title: Building a Multidimensional Wellbeing Index for Rural Populations in Northeastern Namibia
Abstract:
Growing awareness of the limitations of conventional development
indicators to adequately capture the full human experience provides an
opportunity to adopt more holistic concepts such as wellbeing. However,
operational and quantification challenges must be addressed to propose
measures that can guide and monitor the impacts of development policies.
We developed a multidimensional wellbeing index based on existing research
and participatory methods to understand and quantify wellbeing in the
context of rural northeastern Namibia. We present our index to provide a
practical tool for policy-makers and analysts in the region and in other
developing countries. We interviewed a random sample
(n = 395) in five communities and built a
multidimensional wellbeing index comprised of sub-indices for subjective
wellbeing, health, wealth, education, and surrounding economic, social,
political and infrastructural contexts. We improve upon existing measures
by incorporating local preferences of different life domains and by the
ability to disaggregate wellbeing assessments at different scales.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 227-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645532
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645532
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:227-246
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Herrero
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrero
Author-Name: Ricardo Mart�nez
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�nez
Author-Name: Antonio Villar
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Villar
Title: A Newer Human Development Index
Abstract:
The Human Development Index has experienced substantial modifications in
the 2010 edition of the Human Development Report (changes in some of the
variables, a different aggregation procedure, and the introduction of
distributive considerations, among others). Those changes respond to some
well-known shortcomings of the traditional design of this index and entail
substantial improvements. There are still some inconsistencies in the new
construction that have to be addressed (in particular, the use of a
composite variable to approach educational achievements, the use of logs
for the income variable and the type of normalization adopted). We discuss
in this paper those inconsistencies and suggest some relatively minor
changes that would suffice to avoid them.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 247-268
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645027
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645027
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:247-268
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danny Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Author-Name: Tony Binns
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Binns
Author-Name: Munacinga Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Munacinga
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Title: Urban Livelihoods under a Changing Climate*: Perspectives on Urban Agriculture and Planning in Lusaka, Zambia
Abstract:
With rapidly deteriorating national and local economies, many urban
dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa are resorting to informal sector activities
to ameliorate the current food insecurity that poor households face. Among
these activities is urban agriculture, which is used both as a source of
basic foodstuffs and also for income generation. In many cities, the
growing of food crops is considered as an activity for rural areas, and is
therefore, excluded from urban development and planning policy. This state
of affairs has traditionally presented major challenges for many
small-scale urban farmers to realise their full potential and attain
household food security. In recent years, changes in climatic conditions
(e.g. drought and flooding), coupled with a lack of policies supporting
the activities of the urban poor, have combined to make it difficult for
households to adapt to the changing urban environment. Drawing upon recent
field-based research in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, the paper explores
the relationships between urban livelihoods and extreme weather events,
and evaluates the extent to which changes in climate and urban governance
are impacting upon urban agriculture. The paper has wider relevance in the
context of evolving strategies for achieving sustainable urban
development, poverty reduction and food security in Africa and elsewhere.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 269-293
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:269-293
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ferdinand Lewis
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinand
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis
Title: Auditing Capability and Active Living in the Built Environment
Abstract:
This study examines ‘built environment audit’ frameworks
currently used in policy responses to the US obesity epidemic. The study
considers the degree to which the informational bases of audits are
constrained by their underlying definitions of distributive justice, and
which of three kinds of audit—utilitarian, general resource, or
capability—and which is most appropriate for informing an urban
design response to the obesity epidemic.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 295-315
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2011.645028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2011.645028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:295-315
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: Children and the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 317-319
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670436
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:317-319
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree
Title: Sustainable Development: Capabilities, Needs and Well-Being
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 319-321
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:319-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margot Salomon
Author-X-Name-First: Margot
Author-X-Name-Last: Salomon
Title: Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights: The Role of Multilateral Organisations
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 321-324
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670438
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670438
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:321-324
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dennis Soltys
Author-X-Name-First: Dennis
Author-X-Name-Last: Soltys
Title: Improving Global Health Patterns of Potential Human Progress, Volume 3
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 324-326
Issue: 2
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.670440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.670440
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:2:p:324-326
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Introduction
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 331-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.691348
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.691348
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:331-334
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Title: Trade-off, Comparative Evaluation and Global Obligation: Reflections on the Poverty, Gender and Education Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
This article considers how the capability approach has been linked with
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poses the question derived
from a number of critical commentaries as to whether the approach has
provided a robust enough critique of the exploitative relations associated
with global corporate capitalism. It focuses on the first three MDGs
concerned with poverty, education and gender, and shows how writers
working within the human development and capability approach literature
adopt a range of views with regard to the MDGs. Some oppose the framework,
some welcome it, and some write as critical friends. Many comment
explicitly on the problems of capitalism and global inequality. Ideas of
trade-off and comparative evaluation associated with the approach are
examined in relation to thinking about global obligation and justice under
conditions of inequality. The argument for ‘more justice’
associated with the approach is seen to be in need of clearer
specification, and Robyen's deployment of the capability approach to
elucidate principles of gender justice is seen to provide a particularly
nuanced way of thinking about problems associated with gender inequality,
poverty and education. Empirical data collected from discussions in Kenya
and South Africa with teachers responsible for implementing the education,
poverty and gender components of the MDGs show how these can be
interpreted in terms of a trade-off or used to invite more open reflective
discussion on forms of gender justice and capabilities, suggesting new
ways for thinking about a post-2015 successor framework to the MDGs.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 335-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.681296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.681296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:335-351
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joan DeJaeghere
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: DeJaeghere
Title: Public Debate and Dialogue from a Capabilities Approach: Can it Foster Gender Justice in Education?
Abstract:
State institutions and transnational civil society organizations play an
important role in constructing the public discourses and undertaking
interventions related to gender equality and education. However,
interventions often directed at girls and institutional approaches aimed
at securing rights to education have been limited in transforming gender
injustices in other societal spaces. The capabilities approach, and
particularly the concepts of public debate and dialogue, offers another
approach to engage top-down institutional approaches and bottom-up
initiatives in the work toward gender justice. This paper provides an
analysis of how actors in an international NGO's gender and education
program engage in public debate and dialogue. I draw on feminist
scholars’ concepts of voice and recognition, the public sphere and
‘rational’ debate, and solidarities among transnational
actors to extend how public debate and dialogue can be enacted by NGO
actors to transform gender inequalities. This analysis also reveals the
challenges and limits of engaging in public debate and dialogue to foster
gender justice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 353-371
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679650
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:353-371
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Marina Santi
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Santi
Title: The Missing Dimensions of Children's Well-being and Well-becoming in Education Systems: Capabilities and Philosophy for Children
Abstract:
The objectives of this paper are twofold. The first is to consider how
the capability approach can help rethink the policy goals of educational
systems by analysing well-being and well-becoming from an individual and
societal point of view. The second is to explore Philosophy for Children
as a suitable pedagogical approach to promote capable agents and enhance
critical, creative and caring thinking. The paper is divided into four
parts. After a background is sketched, the capability approach and the
concept of evolving capabilities are disentangled in order to rethink
educational systems. The Philosophy for Children approach is then
presented as a pedagogical base and possible instrument to foster the
individual faculties (creativity, critical thinking and care) needed to
flourish and participate fully in society (these are usually missing in
achievement-based educational systems). In the final part of the paper the
main elements of change are recalled and some conclusions are offered.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 373-395
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.694858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.694858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:373-395
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fr�d�rique Brossard Børhaug
Author-X-Name-First: Fr�d�rique Brossard
Author-X-Name-Last: Børhaug
Title: Rethinking Antiracist Education in the Light of the Capability Approach
Abstract:
In anti-racist education, it is important to reflect on the pitfalls of
the ideal of equality in order to obtain greater social justice. Too
narrow an understanding of equality without an acknowledgment of the
individual's ethnic identity provides fragile grounds when dealing with
the social and cultural recognition of minority pupils. The capability
approach contributes to discussing theoretically the anti-racist
dialectical aim of equality and difference. In assessing the individual's
capability to combine his/her own substantive freedoms within his/her
specific living, it also gives the possibility to evaluate the concrete
social arrangements and resources available to minority pupils. If
considering the curriculum as a resource, French and Norwegian school
discourses in civic education offer too few conversion possibilities for
minority youth to expand their capabilities in the multicultural society
and to use their own voice in order to build self-governance based on
self-mobilization and self-articulation of concrete cultural and social
aspirations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-413
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679646
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:397-413
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko
Title: Educational Attainment and School-to-work Conversion of Roma in Romania: Adapting to Feasible Means or Ends?
Abstract:
Education is one of the surest ways for individuals to expand their
capability set and can even be inherently valuable. This paper questions
the assumption that education is something that all ‘have reason to
value’ if it does not bring clear benefits but rather interrupts
the pursuit of other valuable opportunities. This is a particularly
salient trade-off for many desperately impoverished Roma. This statistical
analysis reveals that, ceteris paribus, Roma have 77%
lower odds of finishing eighth grade. Regardless of education, they have
57% lower odds of employment and two and a half times the odds of winding
up in unskilled labor. Not only are Roma completing fewer years of
schooling than non-Roma, they are less able to convert that schooling into
gainful employment, forcing us to ask whether Roma might be exhibiting
adaptive preferences not just regarding the feasibility of getting an
education but regarding the ends of that effort.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 415-450
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679649
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679649
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:415-450
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Title: Rethinking the Quality of Universities: How Can Human Development Thinking Contribute?
Abstract:
University quality and its measurement have been strongly on the agenda
of university policy since the 1980s. There is no consensus about what a
good university is, but increasingly priority has been given to a narrow
focus on contribution to supporting economic production and growth, as
part of an economy-centred and market-centred conception of society. We
argue that a human development approach is also very often relevant in
educational policy and evaluation and can assist us to define and
characterize a good university. From the following core values of human
development—well-being, participation and empowerment, equity and
diversity, and sustainability—we propose a list of dimensions for a
human development orientation in research, teaching, social engagement and
university governance, and then discuss the implications of these values
and how they can be used in evaluation and steering of universities' work.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 451-470
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679647
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:451-470
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Diane
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood
Author-Name: Luisa S. Deprez
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Deprez
Title: Teaching for Human Well-being: Curricular Implications for the Capability Approach
Abstract:
Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum state clearly that education is a
foundational capacity intrinsically important for human well-being and an
enabling capacity for people to live lives they have reason to value. This
article explores the resonance the capability approach (CA) has for the
authors who, as veteran educators, have drawn their core professional
values from democratic, critical, and feminist approaches to pedagogy. The
CA provides a critical, generative lens for guiding and assessing
curriculum development and pedagogical practices. To aid in their critical
reflection and dialogue, the authors developed a heuristic to explore the
following question: given contemporary educational challenges, what does
the CA have to offer educators who have embraced libratory pedagogical
principles? The authors conclude that the CA to education can be a
powerful antidote to disturbing and dehumanizing past conditions, present
realities, and current trends in education.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 471-493
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679651
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679651
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:471-493
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan
Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Peppin
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaughan
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Capabilities, Values and Education Policy
Abstract:
This paper outlines and explores a key obstacle to evaluating education
policy using the capability approach. According to the capability
approach, education policy should be targeted towards expanding people's
capabilities. Values are central to an individual's capability set,
because they determine the functionings important to them, and therefore
the capabilities which are valuable to that individual. However, it is
argued here that education has a more complex function than other areas of
social policy, as education is able to influence and transfer values much
more directly. How do we examine the relationship between education and
the expansion of an individual's capabilities, if at the same time the
process of education may directly determine the very nature of the
capability set itself? As a solution, a form of education is proposed that
would enable students to become aware of the values they hold, and develop
them further through fostering critical thinking, practical reason, and
access to knowledge, rather than directly imparting values to students. We
illustrate this drawing on a recent project on higher education and
transformation in South Africa.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 495-512
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.679648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.679648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:495-512
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: Closing the Capabilities Gap: Renegotiating Social Justice for the Young
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 513-515
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695106
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:513-515
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos
Title: Pobreza y Solidaridad Social en la Argentina: Aportes desde el Enfoque de las Capacidades Humanas [Poverty and Social Solidarity in Argentina: Contributions from the Human Capability Approach]
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 515-517
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695108
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:515-517
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alireza Rezaei
Author-X-Name-First: Alireza
Author-X-Name-Last: Rezaei
Title: Human Rights in Our Own Backyard: Injustice and Resistance in the United States
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 517-519
Issue: 3
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.695122
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.695122
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:3:p:517-519
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. B. Atkinson
Author-X-Name-First: A. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson
Title: Public Economics after The Idea of Justice
Abstract:
In this first lecture in honour of Amartya Sen, I examine the lessons
that can be drawn from The Idea of Justice for public
economics and the extent to which public economics has already moved in
the direction advocated by Sen. More specifically, I focus on the current
fiscal austerity programmes, and how the tools of public economics can be
used to contribute to public reasoning about such programmes. I argue that
they can help us think about the balance between cutting spending and
raising taxes, and about the key role of public investment. But the Sen
critique of welfare economics mean that we have to re-think public
economics. The subject has been slow to absorb new ideas for the
evaluative basis, and public economics, while extending its positive
analysis to allow for international interactions, has failed to develop a
normative approach to global justice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 521-536
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.703171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.703171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:521-536
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Pogge
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Pogge
Title: The Health Impact Fund: Enhancing Justice and Efficiency in Global Health
Abstract:
Some 18 million people die annually from poverty-related causes. Many
more are suffering grievously from treatable medical conditions. These
burdens can be substantially reduced by supplementing the rules governing
pharmaceutical innovation. Established by the World Trade Organization's
TRIPS Agreement, these rules cause advanced medicines to be priced beyond
the reach of the poor and steer medical research away from diseases
concentrated among them. We should complement these rules with the Health
Impact Fund (HIF). Financed by many governments, the HIF would offer any
new pharmaceutical product the opportunity to participate, during its
first 10 years, in the HIF's annual reward pools, receiving a share equal
to its share of the assessed health impact of all HIF-registered products.
In exchange, the innovator would have to agree to make this product
available worldwide at the lowest feasible cost of manufacture. Fully
consistent with TRIPS, the HIF achieves three key advances. It directs
some pharmaceutical innovation toward the most serious diseases, including
those concentrated among the poor. It makes all HIF-registered medicines
cheaply available to all. And it incentivizes innovators to promote the
optimal use of their HIF-registered medicines. Magnifying one another's
effects, these advances would engender large global health gains.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 537-559
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.703172
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.703172
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:537-559
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Neumayer
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Neumayer
Title: Human Development and Sustainability
Abstract:
This article reviews existing linkages between the two broad concepts of
human development and sustainability and discusses ways in which the often
separate literatures can learn from each other. It proposes a practical
way in which the measurements of human development and sustainability can
be linked with each other. Empirical results for both a weak and a strong
sustainability indicator are presented for the time period 1980--2006. The
most important policy conclusion derived from these results is that
countries of high to very high human development face the double task of
achieving strong sustainability by severing the link between high human
development and strongly unsustainable carbon emissions and helping other
countries, particularly those with low levels of human development, to
achieve weak sustainability in the first place and strong sustainability
eventually.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 561-579
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693067
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693067
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:561-579
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Sayer
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Sayer
Title: Capabilities, Contributive Injustice and Unequal Divisions of Labour
Abstract:
It is argued that the radical implications of the capabilities approach
have been widely overlooked, primarily because of a tendency for the
approach to be combined with inadequate theories of society, particularly
regarding the external conditions enabling or limiting capabilities. While
the approach is accepted in principle, by turning to the theory of
contributive justice, which focuses on what people are allowed or expected
to contribute in terms of work, paid or unpaid, we can see that job
shortages and unequal divisions of labour are a major cause of capability
inequalities and deficiencies. In so doing the theory helps us to
appreciate the radical implications of the capabilities approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 580-596
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693069
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693069
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:580-596
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raymundo M. Campos-Vázquez
Author-X-Name-First: Raymundo M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Campos-Vázquez
Author-Name: Roberto V�lez-Grajales
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: V�lez-Grajales
Title: Did Population Well-being Improve During Porfirian Mexico? A Regional Analysis using a Quasi-Human Development Index
Abstract:
It is argued that economic growth during the Porfiriato did not improve
the well-being of the Mexican population. One explanation for such result
is that the economic growth pattern was skewed and benefited more the
northern states and less the southern ones. Following the estimation
method of the Human Development Index, we calculate a Quasi-Human
Development Index for the Mexican states during the period 1895--1910.
Results show that at the start of the period (1895) the northern states
were already the most developed. During the next 15 years this pattern was
maintained and the dispersion in human development increased marginally.
Finally, it is shown that the true losers of the Porfiriato were the
states surrounding Mexico City and not the southern ones.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 597-620
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693066
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693066
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:597-620
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped our World and Will Define our Future
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 621-622
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720423
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:621-622
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moses Kibe Kihiko
Author-X-Name-First: Moses Kibe
Author-X-Name-Last: Kihiko
Title: Religion and Poverty: Pan-African Perspectives
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 623-624
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:623-624
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keerty Nakray
Author-X-Name-First: Keerty
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakray
Title: Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Agents of Change
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 625-626
Issue: 4
Volume: 13
Year: 2012
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.720427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.720427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:13:y:2012:i:4:p:625-626
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer
Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann
Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud
Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann
Title: The Capability Approach and Sustainability
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-5
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.751744
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.751744
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:1-5
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amartya Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Amartya
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: The Ends and Means of Sustainability
Abstract:
The idea of ‘sustainability’ received serious attention in
the so-called Brundtland Commission Report that has many attractive
features. In particular, it highlighted the importance of
intergenerational justice while maintaining a concern for the poor of each
generation and shifted the focus away from resources to human beings. I
argue that this way of understanding sustainability, while a great
improvement, is still incomplete. There are important grounds for
favouring a freedom-oriented view, focusing on crucial freedoms that
people have reason to value. Human freedoms include the fulfilment of
needs, but also the liberty to define and pursue our own goals, objectives
and commitments, no matter how they link with our own particular needs.
Human beings are reflective creatures and are able to reason about and
decide what they would like to happen, rather than being compellingly led
by their own needs—biological or social. A fuller concept of
sustainability has to aim at sustaining human freedoms, rather than only
at our ability to fulfil our felt needs. Some empirical examples are given
to illustrate the distinctive nature and the reasoned importance of seeing
sustainability in terms of sustaining human freedoms and capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 6-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:6-20
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krushil Watene
Author-X-Name-First: Krushil
Author-X-Name-Last: Watene
Title: Nussbaum's Capability Approach and Future Generations
Abstract:
In her Frontiers of Justice, Nussbaum leaves the problem
of future generations to one side, on the back of the assertion that
Rawls' theory can be extended to give plausible answers to it. Neither a
discussion of the merits of Rawls' solution and how it fits in with her
theory, nor of how the inclusion of future generations impacts on her own
theory is provided. Following an examination of Rawls' solution to future
generations, this article contends that it is unclear how (and whether)
Nussbaum is able to accept Rawls' (so-called) solution given fundamental
differences in their theories. More importantly, this article demonstrates
that Nussbaum overlooks the problem of future generations at significant
cost. In leaving this problem to one side, Nussbaum underplays the
significance of future generations and overlooks the way this problem
bears on her theory. This article shows that future generations place
pressure on fundamental elements in Nussbaum's capability
theory—including, for instance, the capability for bodily
integrity, the threshold level of dignity and the (partial)
incompleteness. In highlighting these shortfalls, this article concludes
with an account of some of the challenges to consider in constructing a
capability theory able to deal with future generations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 21-39
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747488
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747488
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:21-39
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree
Title: Sustainable Development: Does the Capability Approach have Anything to Offer? Outlining a Legitimate Freedom Approach
Abstract:
Although the sustainability of development is one of the most important
problems facing the world, it has received little attention from the
capability approach. This article asks whether the capability approach has
anything to offer the debate that has continued for over a quarter of a
century. Answering positively, the article outlines a legitimate freedom
approach as a fruitful way forward. The approach draws on Thomas Scanlon's
contractualist ethics, suggesting ways to understand the limits to
freedoms, the non-identity problem and environmental ethics.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 40-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.748721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.748721
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:40-57
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wouter Peeters
Author-X-Name-First: Wouter
Author-X-Name-Last: Peeters
Author-Name: Jo Dirix
Author-X-Name-First: Jo
Author-X-Name-Last: Dirix
Author-Name: Sigrid Sterckx
Author-X-Name-First: Sigrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Sterckx
Title: Putting Sustainability into Sustainable Human Development
Abstract:
Abating the threat climate change poses to the lives of future people
clearly challenges our development models. The 2011 Human Development
Report rightly focuses on the integral links between sustainability and
equity. However, the human development and capabilities approach
emphasizes the expansion of people's capabilities simpliciter, which is
questionable in view of environmental sustainability. We argue that
capabilities should be defined as triadic relations between an agent,
constraints and possible functionings. This triadic syntax particularly
applies to climate change: since people's lives and capabilities are
dependent on the environment, sustainable human development should also
include constraining human activities in order to prevent losses in future
people's well-being due to the adverse effects of exacerbated climate
change. On this basis, we will advocate that the goals of sustainable
human development should be informed by a framework that consists of
enhancing capabilities up to a threshold level, as well as constraining
the functionings beyond this threshold in terms of their greenhouse gas
emissions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 58-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.748019
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.748019
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:58-76
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J�rôme Pelenc
Author-X-Name-First: J�rôme
Author-X-Name-Last: Pelenc
Author-Name: Minkieba Kevin Lompo
Author-X-Name-First: Minkieba Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lompo
Author-Name: J�rôme Ballet
Author-X-Name-First: J�rôme
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballet
Author-Name: Jean-Luc Dubois
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Luc
Author-X-Name-Last: Dubois
Title: Sustainable Human Development and the Capability Approach: Integrating Environment, Responsibility and Collective Agency
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to address three major shortcomings of Sen's
capability approach with regard to sustainability: (i) First, the weakness
of the ecological dimension of the capability framework. This can be
overcome by devising a place where it is possible to relate the intrinsic
and instrumental values of Nature; (ii) Second, the issue of
responsibility, which is only considered from a consequentialist viewpoint
by Sen (i.e. ex-post responsibility). Such a restrictive view can be
extended by adding the ex-ante dimension of responsibility; (iii) Third,
the relationship between the individual and collective levels. This can be
overcome by introducing the idea of collective agency. Overcoming these
limitations makes it possible to fully integrate the ecological dimension
into an extended vision of the capability approach which makes it
consistent with strong sustainability, and which leads to a new definition
of the agent as a responsible person acting so as to generate sustainable
human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 77-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747491
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:77-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ortrud Lessmann
Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud
Author-X-Name-Last: Lessmann
Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer
Title: Re-conceptualizing Sustainable Development on the Basis of the Capability Approach: A Model and Its Difficulties
Abstract:
This article sketches a re-conceptualization of sustainable development
(SD) on the basis of Sen's capability approach (CA). The notion of
sustainable development was developed as a compromise in a political
process and has been reinterpreted (some say diluted) again and again over
the last 20 years. When modelling the notion through the lenses of the
capability approach, difficulties occur that are at the core of SD and of
CA or that are due to their combination. This article shows why it is not
easy to replace ‘needs’ in the Brundtland definition of SD
with ‘capabilities’. In our model, the differences between
systemic and individual levels become clear and herewith the necessity to
include both when dealing with issues of SD. The most salient difficulties
relate to the multidimensionality and dynamics on both levels. Confronted
with these difficulties, demanding individuals to consciously choose
sustainable actions seems to be heroic. We propose two ways to alleviate
the cognitive and moral burden on individuals by concentrating on the
natural environment and by introducing collective institutions. Both
alleviations are far from evident, however; this concerns their
justification as well as their operationalization.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 95-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747487
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747487
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:95-114
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emily Schultz
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Schultz
Author-Name: Marius Christen
Author-X-Name-First: Marius
Author-X-Name-Last: Christen
Author-Name: Lieske Voget-Kleschin
Author-X-Name-First: Lieske
Author-X-Name-Last: Voget-Kleschin
Author-Name: Paul Burger
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger
Title: A Sustainability-Fitting Interpretation of the Capability Approach: Integrating the Natural Dimension by Employing Feedback Loops
Abstract:
Combining the Capability Approach (CA) with Sustainable Development (SD)
is a promising project that has gained much attention. Recently, scholars
from both perspectives have worked on narrowing gaps between these
development approaches, with a focus on the connection between the CA as a
partial justice theory and SD as a concept embracing justice and
ecological fragility and relative scarcity. We argue that to base an SD
conception on the CA, the CA must be further developed. To provide the
rationale for this claim, we begin by clarifying how we look upon the
relation between SD and the CA and how we understand SD (1). We then argue
for an integration of the natural dimension in the CA (2). By analyzing
similarities of recent contributions integrating the natural dimension, we
identify how the CA structure may be developed to include the recursive
relation between the human and natural dimensions and especially to
include the circumstances of justice relevant to SD (3). Finally, we argue
that a new recursive and dynamic CA structure is related to the debate on
criteria for ‘valuable’ in the term ‘valuable
functionings’ and that this points to an expansion of the CA's
evaluative space (4).
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 115-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747489
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:115-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tuuli Hirvilammi
Author-X-Name-First: Tuuli
Author-X-Name-Last: Hirvilammi
Author-Name: Senja Laakso
Author-X-Name-First: Senja
Author-X-Name-Last: Laakso
Author-Name: Michael Lettenmeier
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lettenmeier
Author-Name: Satu Lähteenoja
Author-X-Name-First: Satu
Author-X-Name-Last: Lähteenoja
Title: Studying Well-being and its Environmental Impacts: A Case Study of Minimum Income Receivers in Finland
Abstract:
Current well-being research often overlooks human dependency on natural
resources and undervalues the way environmental impacts affect human
activities. This article argues that the capability approach provides an
applicable framework for inquiring into ecologically sustainable
well-being. Therefore, this pilot study aims to develop a research method
for integrating the measurement of natural resource use with
capability-based well-being research. Semi-structured interviews were
carried out with 18 Finnish minimum income receivers and their natural
resource use (material footprints) was measured in five
central functionings by using the Material Input Per Unit of Service
(MIPS) method. The connections between capabilities, functionings and
material footprints are interpreted from a person-centered perspective in
order to explain the individual variety in material footprints. The
results show that the material footprints of minimum income receivers are
smaller than with an average Finn but they still exceed what is estimated
to be an ecologically sustainable level of natural resource use.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 134-154
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.747490
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.747490
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:134-154
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Nussbaum on the Capabilities Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 156-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762175
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:156-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Wolff
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff
Author-Name: Avner de-Shalit
Author-X-Name-First: Avner
Author-X-Name-Last: de-Shalit
Title: On Fertile Functionings: A Response to Martha Nussbaum
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-165
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762177
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:161-165
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell
Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell
Title: Linking Capabilities to Social Justice: Moving towards a Framework for Making Public Policy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 166-171
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762179
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762179
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:166-171
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Alexander Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Creating Capabilities, Lists and Thresholds: Whose Voices, Intuitions and Value Judgements Count?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 172-184
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:172-184
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Title: Educating Capabilities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-188
Issue: 1
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.762183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.762183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:185-188
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paola León-Ross
Author-X-Name-First: Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: León-Ross
Author-Name: Gale Summerfield
Author-X-Name-First: Gale
Author-X-Name-Last: Summerfield
Author-Name: Mary Arends-Kuenning
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Arends-Kuenning
Title: Exploring Latina/Latino Migrants' Adaptation to the Economic Crisis in the US Heartland: A Capability Approach
Abstract:
This paper employs the capability approach to explore how
Latina/Latino migrants in Central Illinois—an area of the Midwest
(or Heartland) that lies outside the traditional metropolitan
destinations—were coping with the local effects of the global
economic crisis of the late 2000s. The crisis affected the capabilities of
Latina/Latino migrants to pursue work that provided sufficient income to
meet their families' basic needs. Exacerbating the crisis were high prices
for food that persisted in the wake of the food price crisis of 2007/08
and further limited purchasing power. Using a case study, we focus on the
migrants' capabilities to have control over their environment through
employment and entrepreneurship, as well as agency in use of their income
(such as sending remittances), which affects the capabilities of
affiliation, respect, and emotions. In the 20 in-depth interviews with
migrant women and men, we find that most interviewees reported their hours
and pay had been cut. Strategies included cutting back on remittances,
turning to self-employment, and some new use of support programs. The
strategies had different gender dimensions with implications for
capabilities that often made them more challenging for male migrants than
female migrants.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 195-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693068
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693068
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:195-213
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Manion
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Manion
Author-Name: Francine Menashy
Author-X-Name-First: Francine
Author-X-Name-Last: Menashy
Title: The Prospects and Challenges of Reforming the World Bank's Approach to Gender and Education: Exploring the Value of the Capability Policy Model in The Gambia
Abstract:
The World Bank is currently the lead education research and
lending body operating internationally, including in the area of
girls’ education. As such, the World Bank wields considerable power
in terms of shaping the policy agendas of borrower nations and for this
reason is scrutinized in this paper for its privileging of an
economic-instrumentalist normative framework for education policy
development within which formal schooling is viewed exclusively as a means
for economic growth, rather than as a potential tool for the achievement
of social justice. An analysis of World Bank work in The Gambian education
sector is used to illustrate the limits of a human capital-driven,
economic-instrumentalist approach to education policy, with specific
attention paid to gender and education issues and related policy
solutions. We ultimately argue the value of the World Bank adopting the
human capability policy approach as a means to advance World Bank
education sector work.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 214-240
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:214-240
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Lompo
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lompo
Author-Name: Jean-Francois Trani
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Francois
Author-X-Name-Last: Trani
Title: Does Corporate Social Responsibility Contribute to Human Development in Developing Countries? Evidence from Nigeria
Abstract:
Oil companies have been facing criticism linked to their
activities in developing countries from various human rights organizations
as well as non-governmental organizations and the media. To change this
negative perception, companies have been increasingly promoting corporate
social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, which aim at improving living
conditions of local communities in oil exploitation areas. In this paper,
we explore the impact on the well-being of communities of two kinds of CSR
initiatives implemented in two areas of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Using multidimensional exploratory methods and checking for robustness
using binary logistic regression, we investigate the outcome of CSR
initiatives on individuals' empowerment, community participation, and
access to basic capabilities such as education, health, shelter,
electricity, water and sanitation. Our results show that there is a
limited benefit in terms of human development for the population. However,
the impact differs according to the strategy of implementation:
‘top-down’ non-participatory approaches to CSR extend the
access to basic capabilities for some privileged socio-economic groups,
while ‘bottom-up’ participatory approaches positively impact
collective capabilities of the whole community, but these more recent
initiatives have, to date, little effect on the expansion of basic
capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 241-265
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.784727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.784727
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:241-265
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chad Kleist
Author-X-Name-First: Chad
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleist
Title: A Discourse Ethics Defense of Nussbaum's Capabilities Theory
Abstract:
This paper will begin with an explication of the central
tenets of Nussbaum's capabilities theory. The next section examines
Nussabum's two-fold justification of capabilities; namely, the substantive
good approach (or intuitionism), which serves as the primary
justification, and a version of Kantian proceduralism, which provides
ancillary support. The following section focuses on Jaggar's critique of
Nussbaum. Here, I will discuss three criteria of adequacy for a global
ethic and their importance, why we should accept them and how both of
Nussbaum's justification strategies fail to satisfy them. In the fifth
section, I propose a version of discourse ethics as an alternative
justification for capabilities that can satisfy the adequacy discerned
from Jaggar's critique. This account of discourse ethics reveals that
intersubjective dialogue under certain conditions is more likely to
provide adequate justification of capabilities, and those engaged in
dialogue are also likely to develop practical reason and affiliation. So
this method of justification does not merely ground the capabilities, but
helps people realize them. Finally, the sixth section presents an example
from the Self-Employed Women's Association as a real-life case
illustrating how this version of discourse ethics can be manifested.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 266-284
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764852
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:266-284
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bingjie Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Bingjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Author-Name: Ronald U. Mendoza
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald U.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza
Title: Public Health Spending, Governance and Child Health Outcomes: Revisiting the Links
Abstract:
This paper empirically examines the determinants of child
health in developing countries and how public policy may interact with
these determinants. It improves on previous empirical studies by
conducting a more careful analysis of the determinants controlling for
possible endogeneity, and by using a more comprehensive and richer panel
dataset, drawing on a health database covering 136 countries over
1960--2005, supplemented by the latest World Development Indicators
dataset as well as data on a broad variety of alternative indicators of
governance, such as those from the International Country Risk Guide and
the Open Budget Index. We find that both public spending on healthcare and
the quality of governance matter for the reduction of child mortality
rates. However, our mixed results on the interaction of governance with
public spending throw some doubt on the conclusiveness of previous
empirical studies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 285-311
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.765392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.765392
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:285-311
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey Swindle
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Swindle
Title: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking about the Nature of Poverty
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 312-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:312-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kalpana Sharma
Author-X-Name-First: Kalpana
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma
Title: Gender and Green Governance: The Political Economy of Women's Presence within and beyond Community Forestry
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 314-316
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785219
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:314-316
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christiaan M. De Beukelaer
Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: De Beukelaer
Title: Culture, Development and Social Theory: Towards an Integrated Social Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 316-318
Issue: 2
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.785223
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.785223
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:2:p:316-318
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaushik Basu
Author-X-Name-First: Kaushik
Author-X-Name-Last: Basu
Title: Group Identity, Productivity and Well-being Policy Implications for Promoting Development
Abstract:
The role of a person's group identity and sense of
integration into society as a determinant of the person's productivity and
capability has been vastly underestimated in the literature. We talk of
policies to subsidize the poor and give direct support to alleviate
poverty. These are important but, in the long run, it is critical that we
instill in people a sense of belonging and having certain basic rights as
citizens. This paper tries to advance this perspective by building a new
model where a person's community identity matters, ex
post, in determining whether he or she will be poor, even though
all persons are identical ex ante. The paper also draws
on data collected from a non-governmental organization-run school in
Kolkata to illustrate the role of a school child's sense of 'belonging' in
determining how the child performs academically. The theory and the
empirical work are inputs into the larger and more general idea that when
people feel marginalized in a society they tend to 'give up'. A
substantial part of the paper is devoted to the policy implications of
these analytical ideas and empirical results in the context of
policy-making.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 323-340
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:323-340
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Djavad Salehi-Isfahani
Author-X-Name-First: Djavad
Author-X-Name-Last: Salehi-Isfahani
Title: Rethinking Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa: The Missing Dimensions
Abstract:
In this paper I review the state of human development in the
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and its evolution in the past four
decades. I highlight the following salient characteristics of MENA
economies that shape human development in the region: high income from
hydrocarbon exports, which drive a wedge between individual productivity
and consumption; demographic factors, such as delayed fertility transition
and rapid growth of the youth population; imbalances in the labor markets,
evidenced by high rates of youth unemployment and low participation of
women in the labor market; high investment in schooling but with low
productivity of education; and imbalance in marriage markets resulting in
delayed marriage. I argue that these regional characteristics affect
welfare and human development in MENA countries deeply but in ways that
are not easily captured by standard human development measurement.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 341-370
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764851
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:341-370
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar
Title: The Millennium Development Goals Beyond 2015: Old Frameworks and New Constructs
Abstract:
This paper seeks to analyse Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) in prospect rather than retrospect. In doing so, it begins with a
critical evaluation of their conception and design to focus on limitations
that must be addressed. In contemplating the future of MDGs beyond 2015,
it suggests that such a framework is necessary but should not be more of
the same. Thus, it explores possible options, such as structural
flexibility at the national level and cognition of inequality in outcomes,
which could provide the foundations of a modified framework or alternative
construct. The paper argues that developing countries also need to
reformulate policies, redesign strategies and rethink development in their
respective national contexts for attainment of the MDGs. In the
international context, where the focus has been narrow and the progress
has so far been slow in the MDGs, there is need for cooperation among
developing countries, through better bargaining and collective action,
which provides an opportunity to reshape unfair rules in the world economy
that encroach upon policy space so essential for development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 371-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.764853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.764853
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:371-392
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel Ian Deichmann
Author-X-Name-First: Joel Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Deichmann
Author-Name: Dominique Haughton
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique
Author-X-Name-Last: Haughton
Author-Name: Charles Malgwi
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Malgwi
Author-Name: Olumayokun Soremekun
Author-X-Name-First: Olumayokun
Author-X-Name-Last: Soremekun
Title: Kohonen Self-organizing Maps as a Tool for Assessing Progress toward the UN Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
This paper introduces Kohonen self-organizing maps to the
scholarly discussion of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). We use data through the MDGs' approximate mid-point (2000--2008)
to analyze three world regions: Africa, Asia and Latin America. We observe
a handful of countries that showcase noteworthy progress, including Ghana,
Senegal, China, Vietnam, India, and Brazil, and then examine more closely
the three major regions of developing countries: Africa, Latin America,
and Asia. Major statistical differences within Africa separate the
northern and southern regions from the central, eastern and western
regions. In contrast, Latin America and Asia are largely homogeneous in
the MDG measures with the exceptions of Afghanistan, Haiti, and Bolivia,
which lag far behind. The substantial differences between Africa and the
other continents (and indeed within Africa itself) appear to be mainly
attributable to deficiencies in education and information and
communications technology infrastructure, both areas that are imperative
for the achievement of other MDGs. The paper demonstrates self-organizing
maps to be a useful tool in evaluating differential convergence over the
three time periods under investigation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 393-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.784728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.784728
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:393-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Author-Name: Benson H. K. Karanja
Author-X-Name-First: Benson H. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Karanja
Author-Name: Christian Dietsche
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietsche
Title: Toilet Monuments: An Investigation of Innovation for Human Development
Abstract:
The article reviews the role of capability innovations,
defined as the carrying out of new combinations of capabilities, in human
development. Drawing on a recognized social innovation in sanitation--the
ikotoilets of Kenya's Ecotact--the article makes a threefold argument.
Firstly, indirect conversion factors are an important element in the
success or failure of an innovation. In our sanitation case study, these
factors help to explain why the public toilets in urban centres are a
success story and those in the slums a story of difficulty. Secondly, not
to take into account direct and indirect conversion factors is to commit
explanatory commodity fetishism. Goods are taken as given. However, they
are the product of human design, including options for capability impact,
and this accordingly needs to be taken into account. Thirdly, applying the
capabilities approach to innovation suggests that it is fruitful to
distinguish analytically two different scaling strategies regarding the
replication of capability innovations, which the article calls 'the lab'
and 'the family' strategies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 420-440
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2012.693070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2012.693070
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:420-440
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sharada Srinivasan
Author-X-Name-First: Sharada
Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan
Author-Name: Arjun S. Bedi
Author-X-Name-First: Arjun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bedi
Title: Census 2011 and Child Sex Ratios in Tamil Nadu: A Comment
Abstract:
Inspired by Narayana's article published in this journal,
this comment revisits the conclusion of a policy-driven decline in
daughter elimination in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu using
recently released data from Census 2011. Consistent with Narayana's work
we find evidence to support the conclusion that government and
non-governmental organization interventions have played a role in reducing
gender differences in survival.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 441-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.765393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.765393
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:441-451
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Beck
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Beck
Title: The Human Right to Health
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 452-454
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809902
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:452-454
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth Radin
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Radin
Title: Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Slum
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 454-456
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809904
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:454-456
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne S. Ulriksen
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulriksen
Title: Poverty, Income and Social Protection: International Policy Perspectives
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 456-458
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809906
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:456-458
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iris Van Domselaar
Author-X-Name-First: Iris
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Domselaar
Title: Justice and the Capabilities Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 458-460
Issue: 3
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.809907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.809907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:3:p:458-460
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustav Ranis
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranis
Author-Name: Xiaoxue Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoxue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Technology and Human Development
Abstract:
This paper has two main objectives. The first is to focus on the role of
technology, in combination with human development, in generating the
growth needed for further increases in human development, which is seen as
the bottom-line output. The second objective is to explore how technology
measured by total factor productivity can itself be better explained by
way of examining the role of openness, foreign direct investment and
various types of patents. The contrast between Latin America and Asia with
respect to these variables is established.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 467-482
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.805318
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.805318
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:467-482
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lieske Voget-Kleschin
Author-X-Name-First: Lieske
Author-X-Name-Last: Voget-Kleschin
Title: Employing the Capability Approach in Conceptualizing Sustainable Development
Abstract:
While both the scientific discourse on the capability approach and the
scientific discourse regarding sustainable development in general, and
sustainability theory specifically, are broad and well developed, the two
discourses are more or less separated. In this contribution I ask if and
how far the capability approach can be employed in developing a conception
of sustainable development. To this end, I will draw on a formal framework
regarding normative theories of sustainable development, distinguishing
two dimensions of sustainable development. Subsequently, I will explore if
and how far the capability approach offers substantial answers with regard
to the questions outlined in this framework. In so doing, I will
distinguish the interpretation of the capability approach by Amartya K.
Sen and Martha C. Nussbaum respectively.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 483-502
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827635
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:483-502
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Watts
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Watts
Title: The Complexities of Adaptive Preferences in Post-compulsory Education: Insights from the Fable of The Fox and the Grapes
Abstract:
Adaptive preferences are a central justification and ongoing problem for
capability analyses of well-being. Orthodox interpretations of what
constitutes human flourishing may lead to the misattribution of adaptive
preferences and therefore downgrade the importance of human diversity in
capability analyses. The complex interplay between adaptation and the
multiple realizability of capabilities is addressed in the context of
post-compulsory education. Care needs to be taken to distinguish between
adaptations to education in general and particular forms of education.
Elster's interpretation of adaptive preferences, which he illustrates with
reference to the fable of The Fox and the Grapes, is used
to offer a conceptual framework that is sensitive to such distinctions. A
series of hypothetical examples, located in the field of post-compulsory
education, show how freedom of choice can be limited by downgrading and
upgrading the inaccessible. It is argued that approaches to human
well-being (such as the capability approach) that recognize the validity
of different realizations of the good life must also be sensitive to
different realizations of adaptive preferences. Although the argument is
illustrated with reference to the field of post-compulsory education, its
ethical concern makes it pertinent to other aspects of human flourishing.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 503-519
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.800847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.800847
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Author-Name: S. Mansoob Murshed
Author-X-Name-First: S. Mansoob
Author-X-Name-Last: Murshed
Author-Name: Muhammad Saleh
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Saleh
Title: Human Capital Accumulation in Pakistan in the Light of Debt, Military Expenditure and Politics
Abstract:
We investigate factors responsible for low public sector human capital
investment in Pakistan. The debt servicing burden coupled with a rising
debt stock can impact on human capital expenditure. To account for this, a
Debt Net Cost Index is developed to measure the evolving net cost of
public debt starting in 1960. Political factors examined are regime type,
frequency of elections, quality of democracy, international aid
preferences, elite capture in terms of industrial concentration, military
burden and external hostility indices. We find that for the period as a
whole from 1960 onwards, political factors dominate economic explanations
such as the burden of debt servicing in accounting for low levels of human
development expenditure. Only during episodes of civilian rule do economic
factors in the form of the debt servicing burden become salient. This is
because civilian governments are often saddled with inherited debt from
earlier military rulers. Pakistan's military regimes have been less
resource constrained because of greater external flows, allowing them to
spend more on everything, but the rise in human development expenditures
was less than proportional to the rise in available resources.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 520-558
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827636
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ina Conradie
Author-X-Name-First: Ina
Author-X-Name-Last: Conradie
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Aspirations and Human Development Interventions
Abstract:
What role can aspirations play in small-scale human development
interventions? In this paper, we contribute to answering that question
with both conceptual and empirical work. Aspirations can play at least two
roles in small-scale human development interventions: the
capabilities-selecting role and the agency-unlocking role. While
aspirations also face the challenge of adaptation to adverse circumstances
and unjust social structures, we argue that this challenge can be met by
embedding the formulation and expression of aspirations within a setting
of public discussion and awareness-raising activities, and that adaptation
can be further countered by including a commitment to action. We then
report on field research done in Khayelitsha, a township in Cape Town,
South Africa, where a group of women went through a process of voicing,
examining, and then realizing their aspirations. The action research
confirms our theoretical hypotheses. We also do not find any evidence of
adaptation of the women's aspirations, and argue that the absence of such
adaptation might be a result of active capability selection, reflection,
deliberation, and the exercise of agency throughout the action research
programme.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 559-580
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827637
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:559-580
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Camfield
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Camfield
Author-Name: Keetie Roelen
Author-X-Name-First: Keetie
Author-X-Name-Last: Roelen
Title: Chronic Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life-histories
Abstract:
Studying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data
(life-histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now
recognized to provide deep and reliable insights. This paper uses three
rounds of panel data and life-histories collected by Young Lives, a
longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that
contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia. It
combines a case-centred and a variable-centred approach, analysing and
comparing the experiences of individual households (cases) using
qualitative and quantitative techniques and interrogating these findings
by looking at attributes of households (variables) across a larger sample.
The substantive findings on poverty 'drivers' and 'maintainers' support
those of previous studies: rainfall, illness, debt, exclusion from the
main social protection scheme. But by mixing different types of data and
analysis, the paper shows that combinations of factors rather than single
events drive households into poverty, and that household characteristics
play an important role. The primary contribution of the paper is
methodological as it presents a novel method of using life-histories to
investigate chronic poverty in rural Ethiopia by generating or testing
hypotheses/findings on poverty drivers and maintainers.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 581-602
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.827638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.827638
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Jane Alexander
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander
Title: Health justice: An Argument from the Capabilities Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 603-605
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847661
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847661
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:603-605
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi
Title: What Makes Poor Countries Poor? Institutional Determinants of Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 605-607
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:605-607
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian Culp
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Culp
Title: On Rawls, Development and Global Justice: The Freedom of Peoples
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 607-609
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.847663
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.847663
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:607-609
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graciela Tonon
Author-X-Name-First: Graciela
Author-X-Name-Last: Tonon
Title: Bibliography on the Capability Approach (2013)
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: iii-viii
Issue: 4
Volume: 14
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.920578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.920578
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:14:y:2013:i:4:p:iii-viii
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre
Author-X-Name-Last: Apsan Frediani
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Title: Approaching Development Projects from a Human Development and Capability Perspective
Abstract:
This paper discusses the relevance of the human development and capability
approach for development project planning, management and evaluation. With
reference to the set of five other studies that it introduces, the paper
suggests in which areas insights from human development and capability
thinking offer advances and in which areas such thinking needs to link
with and be complemented or corrected by thinking from other sources and
traditions. The paper aims at capturing the learning from recent
experiences and studies, both for project planning and for the human
capabilities perspective.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-12
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.879014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: �lvaro Fern�ndez-Baldor
Author-X-Name-First: �lvaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Fern�ndez-Baldor
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Pau Lillo
Author-X-Name-First: Pau
Author-X-Name-Last: Lillo
Author-Name: Andr�s Hueso
Author-X-Name-First: Andr�s
Author-X-Name-Last: Hueso
Title: Are technological projects reducing social inequalities and improving people's well-being? A capability approach analysis of renewable energy-based electrification projects in Cajamarca, Peru
Abstract:
Abstract This paper analyses four renewable
energy-based electrification projects that were implemented by the
non-governmental organization Practical Action in the rural area of
Cajamarca, Peru. Using the capability approach, the research examines the
effect of the projects on the things people value. It confirms that
projects provide different benefits to the communities (reducing air
pollution caused by candles and kerosene, improving access to
communication through television and radio, providing the possibility of
night study under appropriate light, etc.), but also detects an expansion
of the capabilities in other areas not considered by the non-governmental
organization such as those related to religion, leisure or community
participation. However, the expansion of capabilities is different for men
and women. The study reveals the limitations of interventions designed to
supply technology, electrification in this particular case, which do not
take into account certain elements that can make the use of technology
contribute unequally to the expansion of people's capabilities. The paper
concludes that technological projects can generate inequalities, and some
recommendations are presented in order to address these issues when
planning interventions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 13-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837035
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837035
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriel Ferrero Y de Loma-Osorio
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrero Y de Loma-Osorio
Author-Name: Carlos Salvador Zepeda
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Salvador
Author-X-Name-Last: Zepeda
Title: Rethinking Development Management Methodology: Towards a "Process Freedoms Approach"
Abstract:
Despite the change in development thinking towards a multidimensional
concept of human development, the fact is that this paradigm shift has not
found its parallel evolution in the practice of development planning,
monitoring and evaluation. Logic model-based methods, such as
results-based management and project-cycle management, are still prevalent
independently of the scale or instruments used on development. This paper
critically assesses how the capability approach challenges current
development management methodologies, based on the results of three case
studies constructed as a participant observer under an action-research
perspective. Building on Sen's concepts of principles and process
freedoms, and on Alkire's core objectives of human development-real
freedoms, process freedoms, plural principles and sustainability-we
present the possible foundations of an alternative methodology for
development interventions, a "Process Freedoms Approach", aimed at better
mainstreaming the capability approach within development policies,
programmes and projects.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 28-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:28-46
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: Nana Berekashvili
Author-X-Name-First: Nana
Author-X-Name-Last: Berekashvili
Author-Name: Nino Lomidze
Author-X-Name-First: Nino
Author-X-Name-Last: Lomidze
Title: Valuing Time: Time Use Survey, the Capability Approach, and Gender Analysis
Abstract:
Time use survey is one of the fundamental, and most widely employed,
research tools used to bring a gender perspective to project planning.
However, narrow interpretations of time use data can distort the
understanding of how project-induced time use changes affect women and
men's well-being. This paper argues that the application of some of the
central concepts of the capability approach can strengthen the scope of
time use survey as a gendered planning tool, drawing on the example of the
"Alliances" rural economic development project Georgia.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 47-59
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837033
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837033
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:47-59
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini
Title: Opportunity Gap Analysis: Procedures and Methods for Applying the Capability Approach in Development Initiatives
Abstract:
This article explores the importance of and value added by applying the
capability approach to strategize, design, monitor or evaluate development
initiatives, by operationalizing this agency-oriented (participatory) and
opportunity-based perspective and by widening standard methods to deal
with new informational spaces. In the first part of the paper a dynamic
analytical framework on capabilities expansion/reduction processes-which
places at the central stage the opportunity gaps between valuable
community functionings and individual capability sets-is presented. These
gaps represent the policy area where tailored and appropriate
place-specific and people-centred development initiatives can entail the
maximum expansion of real freedoms. Then, on the basis of this framework,
the paper presents an original participatory methodology-the "O-Gap
Analysis"-which can complement standard methods to provide systematized
assessments of capabilities within communities to inform policy actions.
An empirical case study is also discussed, analysing the application of
this methodological procedure regarding a community-based rehabilitation
project in Uganda. Applying the capability approach policy interventions
cannot be necessarily unique for all individuals or social groups
experiencing opportunity gaps for what they have reason to value, as
different barriers or mix of barriers and conversion factors, values,
desires and aspiration call for tailored people-centred development
initiatives.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 60-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837036
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:60-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirtha R. Mu�iz Castillo
Author-X-Name-First: Mirtha R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu�iz Castillo
Title: Development Projects from the Inside Out: Project Logic, Organizational Practices and Human Autonomy
Abstract:
This article connects human development thinking to the
operational realities of project design and management. It explores how
externally supported projects influence the local participants' autonomy,
considering that enhanced autonomy promotes long-run development
effectiveness. Evidence from four projects in Central America indicates
that managers need to understand project logic well beyond a "logframe."
Project practices reveal the implicit real assumptions and affect the
participants' autonomy and the projects' effectiveness and sustainability.
The article examines the projects' "full autonomy logic" and explores the
stakeholders' assumptions and values. It looks not only at the expected
changes but also at the actual felt changes in participants' lives, based
on organizational practices. When practices constrain the opportunities
and felt competence of individuals to help themselves, the "development"
that is promoted is not sustainable. In contrast, project planners and
managers should consciously select autonomy-supportive practices to
further sustainable human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 79-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.837034
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.837034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:79-98
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eleanor O'Gorman
Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Gorman
Title: Horizontal Inequalities and Post-conflict Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 99-100
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875727
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:99-100
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adolfo Figueroa
Author-X-Name-First: Adolfo
Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa
Title: Inequality and Power: The Economics of Class
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 100-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:100-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thom Brooks
Author-X-Name-First: Thom
Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks
Title: Reforming Justice: A Journey to Fairness in Asia
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 101-102
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875736
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:101-102
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken
Author-X-Name-First: Ilse
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken
Title: Technologies of Choice? ICTs, Development and the Capabilities Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 102-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.875737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.875737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:1:p:102-103
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Alicia Ely Yamin
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Ely
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamin
Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein
Title: The Power of Numbers: A Critical Review of Millennium Development Goal Targets for Human Development and Human Rights
Abstract:
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were heralded as opening a new
chapter in international development, and have led to the use of global
goals and target-setting as a central instrument defining the
international development agenda. Despite this increased importance,
little is understood about how they influence policy priorities of key
stakeholders, and their broader consequences. While quantification is the
key strength of global goals, it also involves simplification, reification
and abstraction, which have far-reaching implications for redefining
priorities. This paper highlights the key findings and conclusions of the
Power of Numbers Project, which undertook 11 case studies of the effects
of selected MDG goals/targets, including both the empirical effects on
policy priorities and normative effects on development discourses, and
drew specifically on human rights principles and human development
priorities. While the Project found that the effects varied considerably
from one goal/target to another, all led to unintended consequences in
diverting attention from other important objectives and reshaping
development thinking. Many of the indicators were poorly selected and
contributed to distorting effects. The Project concludes that
target-setting is a valuable but a limited and blunt tool, and that the
methodology for target-setting should be refined to include policy
responsiveness in addition to data availability criteria.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 105-117
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.864622
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.864622
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:105-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Title: Global Goals as a Policy Tool: Intended and Unintended Consequences
Abstract:
Global development goals have become increasingly used by the UN and the
international community to promote priority objectives. The Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) are the most prominent example of such goals but
many others have been set since the 1960s. Despite their prominence and
proliferation, little has been written about the concept of global goals
as a policy tool, their effectiveness, limitations and broader
consequences. This paper explores global development goals as a policy
tool, and the mechanisms that have two types of effects: governance
effects and knowledge effects. These effects lead to both intended and
unintended consequences in influencing international development
strategies and action. The paper analyses the MDGs as an example to argue
that global goals activate the power of numbers to create incentives for
national governments and others to mobilize for important objectives. But
the powers of simplification, reification and abstraction lead to broader
unintended consequences when the goals are misinterpreted as national
planning targets and strategic agendas, and when they enter the language
of development to redefine concepts such as development and poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 118-131
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.910180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.910180
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:118-131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein
Author-Name: Ugo Gentilini
Author-X-Name-First: Ugo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gentilini
Author-Name: Andy Sumner
Author-X-Name-First: Andy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sumner
Title: National or International Poverty Lines or Both? Setting Goals for Income Poverty after 2015
Abstract:
Debate on what should follow the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
from 2015 onwards has mushroomed. A focus on "ending" poverty (however
defined) is likely to form a central part of the future framework. This
paper discusses MDG 1, income poverty. Our paper is a commentary written
to contribute to the set of papers in this special issue. In this paper we
argue that there are, alongside valid rationales, important critiques of
the targets and indicators selected for the income poverty goal from both
the human development and human rights perspectives. These should be taken
into account more fully in the debate on what should follow MDG 1 on
income poverty reduction (and the implicit hierarchy of placing income
poverty as the "first-among-equals" goal). We review the institutional
history of the MDG income target along with the critiques, and present
data trends to date and projections with regard to income poverty, as well
as discussions on the relationship between and relevance of nationally set
versus internationally set poverty lines and their use in any post-2015 UN
agreement. We argue for the importance of national ownership and the
incorporation of context-specific measures of poverty, and that any new
poverty goals should be designed with political mobilization as a
consideration.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 132-146
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899565
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:132-146
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Amy Orr
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Orr
Title: The MDG Hunger Target and the Competing Frameworks of Food Security
Abstract:
This paper explores the effects of global goals on policies and ideas in
development. The paper analyzes the consequences of the Millennium
Development Goal hunger target on international development priorities and
discourse. We argue that while the target did little to mobilize support
to hunger as a global priority, it had more important implications for
reshaping food security strategies. It reframed the narrative of hunger
around under-nutrition targets that could be reached through narrowly
focused and targeted interventions. Since 2000, strategies adopted by
high-profile and well-resourced global initiatives emphasize short-term
achievements of results, technological solutions, and the important role
of the private sector. This contrasts with the 1996 World Food Summit
consensus that conceptualized food as a human right, and food security as
a multi-dimensional challenge emphasizing social, economic and political
change. Although global goals focused on outcomes are intended to be
neutral with respect to the strategic means to achieve them, the hunger
target reframed the hunger challenge as a consumption issue amenable to
short-term, technology-driven solutions. Left out of this frame are the
long-term solutions to access, dependence on wage exchange, smallholder
production, and social transfers. The choice of indicators also
contributed to this simplification, marginalizing issues of vulnerability
and instability in access, nutritional quality, and the host of social and
political constraints. The target illustrates the power of target setting
in framing the international development policy discourse.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 147-160
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896323
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896323
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph Van Der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Hoeven
Title: Full Employment Target: What Lessons for a Post-2015 Development Agenda?
Abstract:
Traditional development aid interventions, as formulated in the Millennium
Development Goals, might not be the most effective response for the poor
to grow out of poverty due to the triple crises of nutrition, finance and
environment, in addition to the changing geopolitical landscape. New
challenges therefore need to be confronted in a post-2015 agenda, which
could be the best part of a global social contract in which all concerns
should therefore be discussed in order to reach the goal of full and
productive employment. Coherent policies both at national and
international levels are needed that go far beyond concerns of development
aid and successful technical assistance projects. The challenge is to have
these policies well articulated in a post-2015 development agenda,
otherwise full employment would remain a lofty and elusive goal.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-175
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.883370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.883370
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:161-175
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Title: Measuring Education for the Millennium Development Goals: Reflections on Targets, Indicators, and a Post-2015 Framework
Abstract:
Education has a prominent position in the current Millennium Development
Goal (MDG) framework; targets on schooling are attached to two of the
goals. However, from a human development perspective, the narrow framing
of the education targets and indicators in the MDGs had perverse
consequences, stemming from the omission of salient aspects of quality,
context, and equity. The selected targets limited the capacity of the
education sector to support other MDGs. In thinking about indicators for a
post-2015 framework, this paper considers the history of how and why the
indicators for MDG 2 were selected and puts forward some critical
reflections on two alternative indicators for the education goal in a
post-2015 framework.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 176-187
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.880673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.880673
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:176-187
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gita Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Gita
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Author-Name: Avanti Mukherjee
Author-X-Name-First: Avanti
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee
Title: No Empowerment without Rights, No Rights without Politics: Gender-equality, MDGs and the post-2015 Development Agenda
Abstract:
The main argument of this paper is that progress towards gender equality
and women's empowerment in the development agenda requires a human
rights-based approach, and requires support for the women's movement to
activate and energize the agenda. Both are missing from Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) 3. Empowerment requires agency along multiple
dimensions-sexual, reproductive, economic, political, and legal. However,
MDG 3 frames women's empowerment as reducing educational disparities. By
omitting other rights and not recognizing the multiple interdependent and
indivisible human rights of women, the goal of empowerment is distorted
and "development silos" are created. Women's organizations are key actors
in pushing past such distortions and silos at all levels, and hence
crucial to pushing the gender equality agenda forward. However, the
politics of agenda setting also influences funding priorities such that
financial support for women's organizations and for substantive women's
empowerment projects is limited. To re-focus the post-2015 Development
Agenda around human rights, we conclude by outlining an approach of
issue-based goals and people-focused targets, which makes substantive
space for civil society including women's rights organizations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 188-202
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.884057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.884057
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:188-202
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisa D�az-Mart�nez
Author-X-Name-First: Elisa
Author-X-Name-Last: D�az-Mart�nez
Author-Name: Elizabeth D Gibbons
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth D
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbons
Title: The Questionable Power of the Millennium Development Goal to Reduce Child Mortality
Abstract:
Despite almost a quarter of a century during which the global community
pursued the goal of child survival, together with targets for improving
child health and nutrition, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) had but
one target: the reduction of child mortality by two-thirds between 1990
and 2015. MDG4 was untethered from the Millennium Declaration and from the
Convention on the Rights of the Child. This paper analyzes the unintended
consequences of framing MDG4 in this reductive manner, showing that doing
so shrunk the child health agenda, and ignored earlier incipient efforts
to embed human rights principles in the pursuit of child survival. The
paper also analyzes the evidence of whether the remarkable 47% decline in
child mortality since 1990 was a consequence of the mobilizing Power of
MDG4's numbers. Change seems due to veterans of the child-survival
revolution of the late twentieth century coalescing to overcome MDG4's
limitations. By 2010, the coalition began to address the distortions that
flowed from disconnecting MDG4 from a human rights framework. The paper
concludes with recommendations of selection criteria for indicators to
monitor child survival in the post-2015 agenda.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 203-217
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.864621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.864621
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:203-217
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alicia Ely Yamin
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Ely
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamin
Author-Name: Vanessa M. Boulanger
Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Boulanger
Title: Why Global Goals and Indicators Matter: The Experience of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
This article begins by providing some context for the selection of targets
and indicators chosen to measure Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5,
"improvement in maternal health," considering why the broad vision of
sexual and reproductive health and (reproductive) rights set out at
international conferences in the 1990s was reduced to maternal health in
the MDGs in 2001. We consider the intended and unintended consequences to
the sexual and reproductive health and rights agenda based on the choices
made with respect to the selection of the targets and indicators under MDG
5, and their conversion into national planning tools. Finally, we set out
criteria for the selection of goals, targets, and indicators, which we
believe should be applied to the post-2015 global development
agenda-setting process.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 218-231
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896322
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896322
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:218-231
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass
Title: Millennium Development Goal 6: AIDS and the International Health Agenda
Abstract:
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6, 'to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and
other diseases', is unique among the MDGs because it emerged in the
context of unprecedented prior international mobilization, especially
around HIV/AIDS, thus both reflecting and facilitating an expanding
international health agenda. MDG 6 built on the idea of "health as
development", originally articulated at the 1978 conference on primary
health at Alma-Ata, but was profoundly shaped by the political traction
and fund-raising successes of AIDS activism and the international AIDS
response. This underpinned the expansion of MDG 6 targets to include
antiretroviral treatment, helped forge partnerships to reduce the prices
of antiretroviral treatment and essential medicine, thereby contributing
to MDG 8 ("building partnerships for development") and, in high
HIV-prevalence regions, also to MDGs 4 and 5 (maternal and child health).
The UN High-Level Panel on the post-2015 development agenda recommends
setting country-level health targets to achieve healthcare for all.
Targets can help citizens hold governments to account by providing a focus
for mobilization and a yardstick to measure progress. The data collection
and policy monitoring pioneered by UNAIDS, and the involvement and support
for civil society organizations achieved through the AIDS response, must
be continued for this broader health agenda to succeed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 232-246
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:232-246
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malcolm Langford
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm
Author-X-Name-Last: Langford
Author-Name: Inga Winkler
Author-X-Name-First: Inga
Author-X-Name-Last: Winkler
Title: Muddying the Water? Assessing Target-based Approaches in Development Cooperation for Water and Sanitation
Abstract:
In the debate on the post-2015 development agenda, a clear preference
exists for simple and quantifiable targets. The water sector provides a
useful perspective in which to evaluate the use of this strategy because
it has been subject to quantitative target setting since 1976. We
critically analyze two early periods of target setting together with their
most recent incarnation in the Millennium Development Goals. In so doing,
we identify two stories concerning the utility of such a turn to metrics:
the first is a perennial and at times justified optimism in target
setting, and the second is a more cautionary tale about the dangers of
measurement and its tendency to gloss over challenging but significant
issues. In addition, we offer some brief conclusions on the implications
for the post-2015 agenda and some potential measurement alternatives.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 247-260
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.896321
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.896321
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:247-260
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Cohen
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen
Title: The City is Missing in the Millennium Development Goals
Abstract:
The scale and pace of urbanization in the economic and social
transformations of developing countries continue to be among the most
overlooked phenomena of the twenty-first century. Millennium Development
Goal (MDG) 7, Target 11 focuses on improving the living conditions of 100
million slum dwellers-about 5% of projected urban growth in developing
countries from 2000 to 2020. The target is not precise, nor evidence
based, nor framed to allow rigorous confirmation of achievement or not.
Most importantly, it diverts policy and public attention away from the
central role of cities as the sites of production of more than 60% of
gross domestic product in most countries, the role of cities in recovery
from the global economic crisis, and as a site of impact and remedy of
climate change. Target 11 thus "misses the target" of urban development
and, more broadly, the target of development and human development
altogether. It demonstrates the "power of framing" policy objectives and
the "power of targets" that result in agenda setting.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 261-274
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899564
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:261-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aldo Caliari
Author-X-Name-First: Aldo
Author-X-Name-Last: Caliari
Title: Analysis of Millennium Development Goal 8: A Global Partnership for Development
Abstract:
This article inquires into what have been the normative and empirical
impacts of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 8's choice of targets and
indicators on human rights. It identifies some principles on the duty of
international cooperation for the achievement of human rights and applies
them through a set of questions as to the targets and indicators of MDG 8.
The article assesses whether the chosen targets and indicators for MDG 8
enhanced accountability of rich countries for the extraterritorial human
rights impacts of their economic policies, whether they increased
participation in the design of economic development policies, whether they
promoted mobilization of maximum available resources and whether they
supported the progressive realization of economic and social rights. It
finds (with some minor exceptions) that MDG 8 targets and indicators were
indifferent to human rights principles and, additionally, that they
created dynamics and incentives for policy-making that were ultimately
detrimental to the implementation of norms on international cooperation
for the achievement of human rights. The article offers some ideas on how,
in a new generation of development goals, targets and indicators for a
goal on international cooperation could be more aligned with the relevant
requirements of international human rights norms.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 275-287
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.883371
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.883371
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristina Devecchi
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Devecchi
Title: Human Development and Capabilities: Re-imagining the University of the Twenty-first Century
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 288-289
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:288-289
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S�verine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: S�verine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: Capacidades de Desarrollo y Sociedad Civil en la Villas de la Ciudad (Development Capabilities and Civil Society in the Slums of the City of Buenos Aires)
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 289-290
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906202
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:289-290
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christiaan De Beukelaer
Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan
Author-X-Name-Last: De Beukelaer
Title: Gross Domestic Problem: The Politics Behind the World's Most Powerful Number
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 290-291
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906214
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906214
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:290-291
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Title: Professional Education, Capabilities and the Public Good: The Role of Universities in Promoting Human Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 291-292
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.906216
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.906216
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:2-3:p:291-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Against Happiness: A Critical Appraisal of the Use of Measures of Happiness for Evaluating Progress in Development
Abstract:
The idea that measures of happiness, or subjective well-being, should be
used as the sole (or dominant) measure of country progress has gained
considerable support. This paper traces the origins of the approach in the
works of eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century utilitarians, whose
thinking ultimately provided the foundations for income as the measure of
progress, equating income and utility. In contrast, the recent approach of
neo-utilitarians intends to replace income as the objective by measures of
happiness derived from surveys. This paper assesses happiness as the
objective of development and a measure of progress, contrasting it with
human rights and capabilities approaches and the promotion of justice,
which each also challenge the income measure. The paper considers problems
with the happiness approach arising from difficulties in measurement,
people's tendency to adapt to their circumstances, and its inability to
capture the well-being of future generations, while also providing a weak
basis for distributional judgements. The author argues that human progress
involves promoting human fulfilment or flourishing (including meeting
agency goals), securing a just distribution, and ensuring that this is
sustained over generations. Cross-country surveys of human well-being can
go nowhere near to measuring this extensive array of objectives.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 293-307
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.903234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.903234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:293-307
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: China's Janus-faced Approach to Su Zhi Education: A Capability Perspective
Abstract:
Su zhi education has been adopted in schools in China to
correct the overemphasis on test scores and to promote whole-person
development. Although su zhi reform is not based on a
capability approach, using such an approach helps to reveal the internal
contradiction of the policy framework. A comprehensive analysis of the
policy demonstrates that China's su zhi policy is
Janus-faced, as it merely pays "lip-service" to capability development
while establishing several road-blocks to prevent Chinese schools from
embracing a holistic approach to education. In doing this the paper
contributes to the literature on the capability approach by summarizing a
tentative list of irreducible core capabilities in the Chinese context.
Given the lack of research on China as a case, the discussion on the
capabilities derived from su zhi education policy
provides a reference point for future research.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 308-319
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877424
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877424
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:308-319
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Title: Self-determination as a Collective Capability: The Case of Indigenous Peoples
Abstract:
The article explores the idea of self-determination as a collective
capability that enhances the freedom and well-being of indigenous peoples
in colonial settler states. Collective capabilities have not attracted
much attention in the literature to date, but the article sets out to
demonstrate that the collective capability for self-determination is
precisely the sort of freedom Amartya Sen describes as both the primary
objective and the principle means of development. Two ideas lie at the
core of the argument: the necessary interdependence that exists between
the individual and the collective capability for political
self-determination; and the intrinsic, instrumental and constructive value
of collective political empowerment in the developmental process. To
bolster the theoretical argument, the article examines some of the
available evidence linking self-determination with concrete improvements
in the social and economic welfare and well-being of indigenous peoples in
different regions of the globe.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 320-334
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.878320
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnese Peruzzi
Author-X-Name-First: Agnese
Author-X-Name-Last: Peruzzi
Title: Understanding Social Exclusion from a Longitudinal Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach
Abstract:
This paper proposes a coherent operational framework, grounded in the
capability approach, for interpreting mid-life social exclusion in a more
comprehensive manner. For this purpose, a longitudinal perspective based
on life-stages is adopted to improve understanding of the ways in which
social inequality and the transmission of disadvantages throughout an
individual's lifespan affect mid-life social exclusion. The paper is
relevant to three aspects of current debate on social exclusion. Firstly,
it clarifies the added value of longitudinal assessment of the processes
entailed in social exclusion and provides an analytical framework for
re-conceptualizing such processes using the capability approach as a
reference theory. Secondly, it suggests a strategy for identifying
pertinent dimensions for assessing mid-life social exclusion. Thirdly, it
applies a quantitative technique based on latent variables that has been
only partially used for analysing social exclusion previously. To this
end, the 1970 British Cohort Study is used to derive empirical indicators
and a structural equation model to operationalize the theoretical
framework proposed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 335-354
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2013.877426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2013.877426
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:335-354
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Gutwald
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Gutwald
Author-Name: Ortrud Leßmann
Author-X-Name-First: Ortrud
Author-X-Name-Last: Leßmann
Author-Name: Torsten Masson
Author-X-Name-First: Torsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Masson
Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer
Title: A Capability Approach to Intergenerational Justice? Examining the Potential of Amartya Sen's Ethics with Regard to Intergenerational Issues
Abstract:
The idea of intergenerational justice has practical consequences, not
least because it is linked to the politically influential, wide-ranging
concept of sustainable development. It also bears on several philosophical
puzzles arising in the context of intergenerational justice. They need to
be solved in order to establish a case for intergenerational obligations
of justice. In this paper we shall examine Amartya Sen's capability
approach in the light of these questions. In developing an account of
human development, Sen's capability approach suggests a conception of some
aspects of intragenerational justice, but not of intergenerational justice
itself. This paper aims to close this gap in two steps: first, it
identifies necessary elements of a theory of justice; second, and
subsequently, it examines how successful the capability approach is in
providing these elements.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 355-368
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.899563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.899563
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sebastian Levine
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine
Author-Name: James Muwonge
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Muwonge
Author-Name: Y�l� Maweki Batana
Author-X-Name-First: Y�l� Maweki
Author-X-Name-Last: Batana
Title: A Robust Multi-dimensional Poverty Profile for Uganda
Abstract:
We compute a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for Uganda following
the specification by Alkire and Santos and the general approach of Alkire
and Forster. Using household survey data we show how the incidence of
multi-dimensional poverty has fallen in recent years and we use the
decomposability features of the index to explain the reduction in
multi-dimensional poverty. The robustness of our results is tested in a
stochastic dominance framework and using statistical inference. Notably,
we extend the one-dimensional analysis of stochastic dominance to include
household size as a second dimension, thus taking into account that MPI
indicators are collected at both household and individual levels.
Moreover, we extend the standard two-stage application of the MPI to
include a third stage, which is important given the high degree of
multiple deprivations within the standard of living dimension.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 369-390
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.897310
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.897310
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Author-Name: Nidhiya Menon
Author-X-Name-First: Nidhiya
Author-X-Name-Last: Menon
Author-Name: Susan L. Parish
Author-X-Name-First: Susan L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Parish
Author-Name: Roderick A. Rose
Author-X-Name-First: Roderick A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose
Title: The "State" of Persons with Disabilities in India
Abstract:
Among countries with comparable levels of income, India has one of the
more progressive disability policy frameworks. However, people with
disabilities in India are still subject to multiple disadvantages. This
paper focuses on state-level variations in outcomes for people with
disabilities to provide an explanation for the contrast between the
liberal laws on paper and the challenges faced by people with disabilities
in practice. Using average monthly per-capita expenditure as an indicator
of economic well-being, instrumental-variable Wald estimator results
indicate that households with members with disabilities have expenditures
that are 14% lower compared with households with able members. This effect
is most pronounced among families with male adults and children with
disabilities, and in states that are relatively poor, relatively more
urban, those that experience extremes in annual rainfall and temperature,
and those that have low to medium levels of inequality.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 391-412
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938729
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:391-412
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. K. Shiva Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: A. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiva Kumar
Title: Growth, Private Markets and the State: Lessons from India
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 414-417
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966964
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966964
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:414-417
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T. N. Srinivasan
Author-X-Name-First: T. N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan
Title: Development Process: A Manual or a Collection of Anecdotes?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 418-423
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.971636
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adolfo Figueroa
Author-X-Name-First: Adolfo
Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa
Title: Economic Growth and Social Progress: Lessons from India
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 424-428
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966965
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:424-428
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Azizur Rahman Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Azizur Rahman
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Title: Living Standards, Inequality and Development: Some Issues with Reference to Comparisons between India and Bangladesh
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 429-436
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966966
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:429-436
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David A. Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell
Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell
Title: Democratic Freedoms, Capabilities and Public Provision: A Defence and Some Possible Extensions
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 437-447
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.967524
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.967524
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:437-447
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oliver Mutanga
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga
Title: The Role of Basic Education, Higher Education and Capability Lists
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 448-451
Issue: 4
Volume: 15
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.966967
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.966967
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:15:y:2014:i:4:p:448-451
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Philosophy and Economics in the Capabilities Approach: An Essential Dialogue
Abstract:
Economics needs to increase its awareness of philosophy. Even the
heterodox brand of development economics represented by the human
development approach has as yet not fully internalized all aspects of
philosophy that offer rich insights for that approach. I explore the
history of the relationship between philosophy and development economics
and then describe areas of development economics where the insights of
philosophy are crucial, including: the idea of social justice; the concept
of welfare, and the commensurability or incommensurability of its
elements; the idea of "political" as opposed to "comprehensive"
liberalism; the topic of cultural relativism and universality; the nature
of free will; and the nature of emotion and desire. I recommend that the
human development approach deepen its connection to philosophy in all
these areas.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.983890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.983890
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Pick
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pick
Author-Name: Anna-Emilia Hietanen
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Emilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Hietanen
Title: Psychosocial Barriers as Impediments to the Expansion of Functionings and Capabilities: The Case of Mexico
Abstract:
Social norms can enable or limit development. The focus of this paper is
on how psychosocial barriers limit functionings and capability development
in Mexico. As far as individuals make such barriers their own, they go
from being external to being internal; that is, they go beyond being
social norms to becoming personal ones. As social norms become personal
norms, they can become either barriers or opportunities for change. In
fatalistic and tight societies such as Mexico, pressure to conform to
"what will happen anyway" and to external norms and expectations is
strong. This makes it easier to adopt such barriers than to expand one's
functionings and capabilities and thus become an agent of change. In other
words, it is more comfortable and practical to continue being a
subject rather than an agent of change.
The consequence is the apparent and accepted state of affairs of neither
oneself nor others enabling the development of personal agency. It is
through experiential workshops based on facilitating cognitive, emotional
and social skills, and knowledge in health, education, citizenship and
productivity that freedoms can be expanded in such a way that psychosocial
barriers are reduced and that individuals change behaviors so as to become
agents of change.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 15-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.959906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.959906
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann George
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: George
Title: Explicating the Capability Approach through the Voices of the Poor: A Case Study of Waste-picking Women in Kerala
Abstract:
The capability approach brings attention to individuals' freedom to choose
the valued functionings of life as the parameter for assessing well-being.
This study explicates the capability notion, which incorporates the
question of what is of value for the subject, by examining how much some
of the major concerns of development matter for the poor as revealed from
their perceptions and pursuits. The study specifically examines how
detested are some of the widely negatively valued situations
(unfreedoms-their being disadvantaged in an unequal world and their being
employed in lower-end jobs) and how valued are some of the widely
positively valued functionings (freedoms-education for upward mobility) in
the lives of the poor. The findings give a nuanced and multilayered
understanding of the capability notion. It reveals how, with regard to
negatively evaluated unfreedoms, the subject need not necessarily evaluate
them negatively. This is not just because of adaptive preferences but also
due to the fact that there is "multiplicity of functionings even within
unfreedoms," some of which are positive and the subject might value them
positively and even passionately. With regard to positively evaluated
freedoms, the subject might not prioritize them in the gamut of other
goals and pursuits.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 33-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938728
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer
Author-X-Name-First: Naila
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer
Author-Name: Munshi Sulaiman
Author-X-Name-First: Munshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sulaiman
Title: Assessing the Impact of Social Mobilization: Nijera Kori and the Construction of Collective Capabilities in Rural Bangladesh
Abstract:
While Bangladesh has a large and active development non-governmental
organization sector, it has undergone a steady process of homogenization,
turning from its early focus on social mobilization to a market-oriented
service provision model, dominated by microfinance. This article explores
the impacts associated with Nijera Kori, one of the few organizations that
has retained a commitment to social mobilization, seeking to strengthen
the collective capabilities of the poor men and women to protest injustice
and demand their rights. The article uses a combination of qualitative and
quantitative data to measure the political, economic and social impacts of
the organization and to unpack the processes by which the observed changes
have occurred. In conclusion, the paper reflects on whether the
organization's capability-based approach offers a more effective route to
addressing the structural inequalities of power that underlie poverty in
Bangladesh than the dominant microfinance-based one.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 47-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956707
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ranjan Ray
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ray
Author-Name: Kompal Sinha
Author-X-Name-First: Kompal
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha
Title: Multidimensional Deprivation in China, India and Vietnam: A Comparative Study on Micro Data
Abstract:
This study compares living standards in China, India and Vietnam using the
recent multidimensional approach. A distinguishing feature of this study
is the use of unit record datasets containing household-level information
on access to a wide range of dimensions. The study uses the methodology of
principal component analysis to measure household wealth. The wealth index
is then used to examine the distribution of deprivation and poverty by
wealth percentiles. The study distinguishes between multidimensional
deprivation and multidimensional poverty and compares the living standards
in these countries based on both measures. This paper also presents
comparative evidence on the percentage contribution to total deprivation
by the various dimensions in each country, and reports several differences
between China, India and Vietnam.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 69-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.897311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.897311
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:69-93
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paolo Liberati
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Liberati
Title: A Decomposition of the Sen Index of Poverty Using the Analysis of Gini
Abstract:
This paper provides a decomposition of the Sen index by subgroups using
the analysis of Gini. This method decomposes the Sen index, isolating the
contribution of the poverty gap, those of
within and between inequality, as well
as the contribution of overlapping. The application of
this method to the analysis of world poverty in two years shows that the
evolution of the Sen index and of all its components can be easily
captured and interpreted, a feature that significantly improves the use of
the Sen index in poverty analysis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 94-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956708
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:94-105
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Florian Wendelspiess Ch�vez Ju�rez
Author-X-Name-First: Florian
Author-X-Name-Last: Wendelspiess Ch�vez Ju�rez
Title: Measuring Inequality of Opportunity with Latent Variables
Abstract:
In this paper I show that recently proposed methods to quantify the level
of inequality of opportunity are likely to be downward biased when the
dependent variable is a proxy for an unobserved concept. Using a
multidimensional framework of development, such as the capability
approach, or a standard utility maximization framework with heterogeneous
preferences permits us to show that such measurement errors are the rule
rather than the exception. I propose to estimate the latent variable of
interest through appropriate multivariate techniques to circumvent the
aforementioned bias. Using a simulation and an empirical illustration, I
show that the use of multiple indicator variables and appropriate
aggregation techniques can reduce the bias substantially. Using data from
Mexico, it is found that inequality of opportunity for the broader concept
of economic well-being is more than twice as high as inequality of
opportunity in log income, which is commonly used as a proxy of the first.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 106-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.907247
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.907247
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:106-121
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi
Author-X-Name-First: Olusegun Ayodele
Author-X-Name-Last: Akanbi
Title: Structural and Institutional Determinants of Poverty in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Abstract:
The conventional policy models designed to tackle poverty have not been
able to address the peculiar socio-economic and institutional conditions
of the country or region in perspective. Much of the literature focuses on
the macroeconomic determinants of poverty, leaving out non-economic
factors that could be more important. In this milieu, this study
empirically examines the relationship between governance, physical
infrastructure, and the level of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The
estimations are based on a panel of 19 selected sub-Saharan African
countries over the period 1990-2010 using the two-stage least-squares
estimation techniques. The results from the estimations portray robust
parameter estimates and suggest that governance and infrastructure are
significant determinants of poverty in the region. Furthermore, the study
tends to detect that a sustainable level of poverty could be attained at
particular governance and infrastructure rating after controlling for the
level of gross domestic product and other factors across the region.
Therefore, countries with better governance and infrastructure ratings
will achieve lower poverty levels, and poverty tends to converge as
physical infrastructure improvement and better governance are pursued.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 122-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.985197
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.985197
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:122-141
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine M. Koggel
Author-X-Name-First: Christine M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koggel
Title: The Practical and the Theoretical: Comparing Displacement by Development and Ethics of Global Development
Abstract:
This paper begins by highlighting some of the key contributions of two
recent books: Displacement by Development: Ethics, Rights and
Responsibilities by Peter Penz, Jay Drydyk and Pablo S. Bose and
Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative
Democracy by David Crocker. The paper then identifies some of the
similarities and differences in their accounts and in particular with
respect to the important role of empowerment in Displacement by
Development and of participation in Crocker's analysis of
deliberative democracy. The result will be a critical evaluation of the
respective contributions of these books to development ethics, an
assessment of the disagreements between them, and a discussion of how this
current work fits with or departs from Sen's and Nussbaum's versions of
the capability approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 142-153
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.938727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.938727
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:142-153
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko
Title: Adaptive Preferences and Women's Empowerment
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 154-156
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006472
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006472
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:154-156
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilse Oosterlaken
Author-X-Name-First: Ilse
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosterlaken
Title: Economic Complexity and Human Development: How Economic Diversification and Social Networks Affect Human Agency and Welfare
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 156-157
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006465
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:156-157
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang Yee Kwan
Author-X-Name-First: Chang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yee Kwan
Title: Trade in Health: Economics, Ethics and Public Policy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 157-159
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006474
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006474
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:157-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi
Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem
Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi
Title: Blackstone's Statutes on Public Law and Human Rights 2013-2014
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 159-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1006473
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1006473
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:1:p:159-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Using Final Ends for the Sake of Better Policy-Making
Abstract:
This paper argues that in order responsibly to make and to evaluate public
policies, including development policies, we should think in terms of
final ends. This means going beyond simply listing the important goods (or
dimensions of goodness or well-being) that we are about by laying out, as
best we can, which of them we seek for the sake of which. The paper
analyses what it is to seek something for the sake of something else, and
thereby the idea of a final end, sought for its own sake, and
distinguishes that idea from that of intrinsic (unconditional) goodness.
It then illustrates the deliberative power of thinking in terms of final
ends in three disparate development-related contexts: that of developing
an overall, capabilities-based indicator of well-being; that of project
evaluation; and that of addressing a broad policy issue. Reasonable debate
about what is to be sought for the sake of what is possible. Only if we
attempt to settle what is to be sought for the sake of what do we begin to
access the rich information latent in multidimensional accounts of
well-being or the good.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-172
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1036846
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1036846
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:161-172
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolai Suppa
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolai
Author-X-Name-Last: Suppa
Title: Capability Deprivation and Life Satisfaction. Evidence from German Panel Data
Abstract:
This paper explores the link between poverty as capability deprivation and
current life satisfaction. Using German panel data, I examine both whether
capability deprivation reduces life satisfaction and whether individuals
eventually adapt to these adverse conditions. Drawing on the capability
approach, the constitutive elements of poverty are capability
deprivations, which are located in the functioning space. As yet data on
functionings often are lacking. Therefore, I explore the conditions and
assumptions under which capability deprivation can be inferred from
readily available consumption data. Specifically, to detect capability
deprivation I draw on the notion of an inadequate income together with
nonconsumption data of pivotal goods. The results indicate capability
deprivation to reduce life satisfaction significantly. Moreover, the
evidence also suggests that individuals fail to adapt within the
subsequent four to six years. Finally, the mere lowness of income fails to
capture its inadequacy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 173-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029880
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:173-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Hailu
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Hailu
Title: The Composite and Dynamic Risks and Vulnerabilities of Ethiopian Children: The Case of Children in Addis Ababa
Abstract:
The article sketches an ethnographic portrait of the composite and dynamic
risks and vulnerabilities of Ethiopian children. The sketch was based
primarily on content analysis of 123 stories of child vulnerabilities told
by frontline workers in 62 child-focused projects in Addis Ababa. Initial
analysis distinguished between "culture" and "causes of child
vulnerabilities" as two broad categories of concepts underlying the
stories. The category of "culture" subsumes beliefs, values and norms that
have structured relationship with and among children, while "causes"
subsumes economic, social and psychological conditions that have resulted
in actual and potential threats to the normal development and well-being
of children in the ethnographic site. The complex relationships between
these two categories were subsequently interpreted against the background
of the integrative and disintegrative elements of the dominant Ethiopian
culture (Korten 1972. Planned Change in a Traditional Society:
Psychological Problems of Modernization in Ethiopia, With Frances F.
Korten. New York: Praeger). The resulting portrait describes the
multiple ways in which the identified causes of child vulnerabilities have
grown in influence over the past decades to disturb the balance that
historically existed between the integrative and disintegrative elements
of culture, increasingly compromising the coherence of the social
environment that provided for culturally normal development of children.
Policy implications of the analysis are highlighted by way of conclusion.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 200-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029881
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029881
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:200-219
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rutger Claassen
Author-X-Name-First: Rutger
Author-X-Name-Last: Claassen
Title: The Capability to Hold Property
Abstract:
This paper discusses the question of whether a capability theory of
justice (such as that of Martha Nussbaum) should accept a basic
"capability to hold property." Answering this question is vital for
bridging the gap between abstract capability theories of justice and their
institutional implications in real economies. Moreover, it is vital for
understanding the difference between egalitarian and libertarian versions
of the capability approach. In the paper, three main arguments about
private property are discussed: those relating property to a private
sphere of control, to the market system of allocating goods, and to the
ability to keep the fruits of one's labor. On the basis of this discussion
it is argued that the capability theory of justice should accept a basic
capability to hold private property, albeit one that is restricted in
scope and has an egalitarian character. Special attention is paid to
libertarian arguments about property acquisition, and it is argued that
capability theories of justice must reject them because they presuppose a
method of justifying capabilities that the capability approach cannot
accept.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 220-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.939061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.939061
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:220-236
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luisa Tibiletti
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Tibiletti
Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: Inequality Aversion and the Extended Gini in the Light of a Two-person Cake-sharing Problem
Abstract:
This brief note aims to communicate, in simple terms, the "meaning" of the
family of "Extended" Gini coefficients of inequality, in terms of the
shares accruing to the agents in an elementary two-person cake-sharing
problem. In the process, a natural notion of the "potential fairness" of a
distribution, as well as the notion of "distribution sensitivity", are
sought to be explicated in easily accessible terms.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 237-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956709
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:237-244
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I�aki Permanyer
Author-X-Name-First: I�aki
Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer
Author-Name: Albert Esteve-Palos
Author-X-Name-First: Albert
Author-X-Name-Last: Esteve-Palos
Author-Name: Joan Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia
Author-Name: Robert Mccaa
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Mccaa
Title: Human Development Index-like Small Area Estimates for Africa Computed from IPUMS-International Integrated Census Microdata
Abstract:
This paper analyzes 24 African census samples from 13 countries available
via the African Integrated Census MicroData website to illustrate how
microdata may be used to assess development and pinpoint basic human needs
at local administrative levels over time. We calculate a Human Development
Index-like measure for small administrative areas, where much of the
responsibility lies for executing policies related to health, education
and general well-being. The methodological proposals introduced in this
paper are particularly pertinent for the case of Africa. While it is true
that data for much of Africa is not appropriate for economic growth rates
or per-capita income estimates, the analysis in this paper demonstrates
that they are good enough for many other purposes. Indeed, a major
aggravating problem that contributes to the "African statistical tragedy"
is the lack of accessibility to existing census microdata. This paper aims
to illustrate the usefulness of census microdata--which are vastly
under-utilized in Africa--and hopefully contribute to make them more
transparent and freely accessible.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 245-271
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.956300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.956300
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:245-271
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dirk J. Wolfson
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolfson
Title: Implementing Fairness in Social Policy
Abstract:
Theories of justice concentrate on principles and criteria, rather than on
implementation. This paper fills that gap, introducing the situational
contract as an institutional design in which public support is geared to
improve individual capabilities. The design is result oriented and is
inspired by Amartya Sen's capability theory. It reduces information
asymmetries and controls unintended use. Conditions are broadly specified
by law and in protocols of good practice that emphasize the reciprocal
nature of rights and obligations. Public service motivation is enhanced
and targeting further improved by mandating front-line agents to customize
deliveries and conditions in line with the political guidance received in
the protocols mentioned, on the basis of comply or explain.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 272-286
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.939062
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.939062
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:272-286
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Satis C. Devkota
Author-X-Name-First: Satis C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Devkota
Author-Name: Mukti P. Upadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Mukti P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay
Title: What Factors Change Education Inequality in Nepal?
Abstract:
We estimate indices of income-based inequality of education for Nepal
using comprehensive survey data from 1996 and 2004. The 5% increase in the
inequality that we obtain for those eight years is then decomposed into
its contributing factors. Greater urbanization contributed substantially
to the rise in education inequality. On the other hand, income
significantly reduced education inequality because of a substantial
increase in mean income during the eight years, and because of a fall in
income inequality. This implies that an increase in the
median income could reduce education disparity
substantially.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 287-308
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1029882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1029882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:287-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Canning
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Canning
Title: The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 309-311
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028806
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:309-311
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raquel Freitas
Author-X-Name-First: Raquel
Author-X-Name-Last: Freitas
Title: Transitions to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-312
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028808
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:311-312
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neha Kumra
Author-X-Name-First: Neha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumra
Title: Countering Naxalism with Development: Challenges of Social Justice and State Security
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 313-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1037115
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1037115
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:313-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farid Ahmad Farzam Rahimi
Author-X-Name-First: Farid Ahmad Farzam
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahimi
Title: The Capability Approach: Development Practice and Public Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 314-316
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028807
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:314-316
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi
Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem
Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi
Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Human Development: The Law and Economics of International Investment Agreements
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 316-317
Issue: 2
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1028813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1028813
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:2:p:316-317
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luis F. Lopez-Calva
Author-X-Name-First: Luis F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva
Author-Name: Nora Lustig
Author-X-Name-First: Nora
Author-X-Name-Last: Lustig
Author-Name: Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez
Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz-Juarez
Title: A Long-Term Perspective on Inequality and Human Development in Latin America
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 319-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1082720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1082720
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:319-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey G. Williamson
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williamson
Title: Latin American Inequality: Colonial Origins, Commodity Booms or a Missed Twentieth-Century Leveling?
Abstract:
Most analysts of the modern Latin American economy have held the
pessimistic belief in historical persistence--they believe that Latin
America has always had very high levels of inequality, and that it is the
Iberian colonists' fault. Thus, modern analysts see today a more unequal
Latin America compared with Asia and most rich post-industrial nations and
assume that this must always have been true. Indeed, some have argued that
high inequality appeared very early in the post-conquest Americas, and
that this fact supported rent-seeking and anti-growth institutions which
help explain the disappointing growth performance we observe there even
today. The recent leveling of inequality in the region since the 1990s
seems to have done little to erode that pessimism. It is important,
therefore, to stress that this alleged persistence is based on an
historical literature which has made little or no effort to be
comparative, and it matters. Compared with the rest of the world,
inequality was not high in the century following 1492,
and it was not even high in the post-independence decades
just prior to Latin America's belle �poque and start with
industrialization. It only became high during the commodity boom
1870-1913, by the end of which it had joined the rich country unequal club
that included the USA and the UK. Latin America only became
relatively high between 1913 and the 1970s when it missed
the Great Egalitarian Leveling, which took place almost everywhere else.
That Latin American inequality has its roots in its colonial past is a
myth.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 324-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1044821
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1044821
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:324-341
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leandro Prados de la Escosura
Author-X-Name-First: Leandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Prados de la Escosura
Title: Human Development as Positive Freedom: Latin America in Historical Perspective
Abstract:
How has Latin America's well-being evolved over time? How does Latin
America compare to today's developed countries (OECD, for
short)? What explains their differences? These questions are addressed
using an historical index of human development. A sustained improvement in
well-being can be observed since 1870. The absolute gap between
OECD and Latin America widened over time, but an
incomplete catching-up--largely explained by education--occurred since
1900, but faded away after 1980, as Latin America fell behind the
OECD in terms of longevity. Once the first health
transition was exhausted, the contribution of life expectancy to human
development declined.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 342-373
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056644
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056644
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:342-373
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moramay L�pez-Alonso
Author-X-Name-First: Moramay
Author-X-Name-Last: L�pez-Alonso
Author-Name: Roberto V�lez-Grajales
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: V�lez-Grajales
Title: Measuring Inequality in Living Standards with Anthropometric Indicators: The Case of Mexico 1850-1986
Abstract:
By analyzing the Mexican case for the period 1850-1986, we argue that the
average adult stature of a population can be used as a tool to analyze
inequality in living standards. The findings suggest that the secular
trend in stature is related to cycles of economic growth, inequality, wars
and institutional changes. Such processes affect socioeconomic groups and
regions differently and generate unequal living standard patterns.
Moreover, male adult average height shows a U-shaped trend for the whole
period of study. As a result, Mexico lagged behind on heights with respect
to other Latin American economies such as Brazil and Colombia. Two
different types of data sources are used for the analysis: military and
passport records for the period 1850-1950 and the 2000 Mexican National
Health Survey (ENSA-2000) and the 2006 Mexican National Survey on Health
and Nutrition (ENSANUT-2006) for the remaining years.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 374-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1044820
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1044820
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:374-396
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel Sz�kely
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Sz�kely
Author-Name: Pamela Mendoza
Author-X-Name-First: Pamela
Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza
Title: Is the Decline in Inequality in Latin America Here to Stay?
Abstract:
The 2000s decade represented a turning point in the increasing inequality
trend that had been observed in Latin America during the second half of
the twentieth century. This paper offers an analysis of the association
between these shifts and short-, medium- and long-term factors. For our
exploration we assemble a database on income distribution indicators
systematically calculated directly from household surveys with emphasis on
within-country consistency, methodology, definitions and coverage for the
1980-2013 years. This database allows observing clearly that the increases
in inequality throughout the 1980s and 1990s decades have been
counteracted by the improvements in the 2000s and the initial years of the
2010 decades. From our econometric exploration we find that (a) while
there are short-term forces that are associated with underlying
improvements in the distribution--including human capital accumulation and
declines in the population dependency rate, (b) medium-term factors that
could have been inequality-increasing in the past ameliorated their effect
in the 2000s years--namely, the effect of the trade reforms of the 1980s
which faded away toward the end of the past century and (c) there are two
short-term forces that might have played an important progressive role
during the 2000s years, but that could shift in the opposite direction in
the near future--namely, the improvement in terms of trade and the
declining returns to schooling. Thus, we conclude that the improvement in
income distribution in the region could be only a temporary phenomenon.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1050320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1050320
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:397-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pablo Celhay
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Celhay
Author-Name: Sebasti�n Gallegos
Author-X-Name-First: Sebasti�n
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallegos
Title: Persistence in the Transmission of Education: Evidence across Three Generations for Chile
Abstract:
This paper is one of the first to document multigenerational educational
mobility for a Latin American country. It complements a recent wave of
articles that study mobility beyond two generations in developed
countries. Specifically, we link data on educational attainment for three
generations in Chile. Our main findings indicate that grandparental
education influences grandchildren's schooling even after taking the
parental factor into account. Accordingly, standard two-generation
estimations over-predict intergenerational mobility over three
generations. We investigate three potential avenues of transmission.
First, we find that upward schooling mobility has moderately increased
with younger cohorts, and that such changes may be attributable to
institutional reforms. Second, there is important heterogeneity in
educational mobility across regions in Chile, which sheds light on how
parents' place of origin matters for upward mobility. Third, a
gender-specific lineage analysis indicates that having more educated
same-sex ancestors matters more for women and suggests that gender-related
social roles may be passed along generations within families. All in all,
our results suggest that family background effects can be longer lasting
than previously believed, affecting the endowments and idiosyncratic
capabilities of children.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 420-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1048789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1048789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:420-451
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luis F. Lopez-Calva
Author-X-Name-First: Luis F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Calva
Author-Name: Harry A. Patrinos
Author-X-Name-First: Harry A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Patrinos
Title: Exploring the Differential Impact of Public Interventions on Indigenous People: Lessons from Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer Program
Abstract:
This paper uses experimental panel data for Mexico from 1997 to 2000 in
order to test assumptions on the impact of a conditional cash transfer
(CCT) program on child labor and school attendance, adding to the
literature by emphasizing the differential impact on indigenous
households. Using data from the CCT program, PROGRESA (later on known as
OPORTUNIDADES), we investigate the interaction between child labor,
education and indigenous households. While indigenous children had a
greater probability of working before the intervention, this probability
is reversed after treatment in the program. Indigenous monolingual
children also had lower school attainment compared with Spanish-speaking
or indigenous bilingual children. After the program, school attainment
among indigenous children increased, reducing the gap. In terms of child
labor, the larger reduction is in the group of bilingual children.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 452-467
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1072378
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1072378
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven
Title: Catch Up: Developing Countries in the World Economy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 468-469
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056645
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056645
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:468-469
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Joseph Van Holm
Author-X-Name-First: Eric Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Holm
Title: The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 469-471
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056647
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:469-471
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oscar Garza
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar
Author-X-Name-Last: Garza
Title: Freedom, Responsibility and Economics of the Person
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 471-472
Issue: 3
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1056646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1056646
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:3:p:471-472
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Prah Ruger
Author-Name: Sophie Mitra
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra
Title: Health, Disability and the Capability Approach: An Introduction
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 473-482
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118190
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118190
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:473-482
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alvaro Díaz Ruiz
Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Díaz Ruiz
Author-Name: Natalia Sánchez Durán
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Durán
Author-Name: Alexis Palá
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis
Author-X-Name-Last: Palá
Title: An Analysis of the Intentions of a Chilean Disability Policy Through the Lens of the Capability Approach
Abstract:
This article sheds light on the public policy situation for persons with
severe disabilities in Chile by analyzing the Ministry of Health
“Home-Based Care Program for Persons with Severe
Disabilities.” The article further advocates for the relevance of
the Capability Approach (CA) in the assessment of public policy for
persons with disabilities and intends to illustrate a link between a real
policy and basic concepts of the CA providing a model of content analysis
for public policy through the lens of the CA. We present a content
analysis, focused on underlying intentions of agency, freedom, well-being,
and achievement based in the official text of the Chilean program. Then we
examine this content under original categories and matrices based on the
work of Sen, to ultimately reveal how a current Chilean policy falls short
of fully addressing the diagnosed situation of its target population and
highlights areas for improvement. Not only does the program lack coherence
and compliance with Chilean laws and international standards, but it also
lacks connections with important concepts for persons in situations of
dependency such as agency and freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 483-500
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091807
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:483-500
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oliver Mutanga
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Towards a Disability-inclusive Higher Education Policy through the Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
Abstract Evidence from international literature
shows that despite interventions and policies, students with disabilities
face persistent challenges in higher education. The capabilities approach
can take us forward in addressing these challenges in two ways. Nussbaum's
version of the capabilities approach, in particular, provides us with an
analytical framework to explore valued opportunities and freedoms from a
social justice perspective. Secondly, in line with Sen's argument, the
approach can serve as the informational base for disability policies. In
this study, the capabilities approach is operationalized within education
by applying Walker's list of eight valued freedoms and opportunities to
students with disabilities. Data are drawn from a qualitative study
examining the processes through which students with disabilities at two
South African universities make their educational choices and negotiate
different structures on their way to, and in higher education. These
students identified key valued freedoms and opportunities that are needed
to access and succeed in higher education. Four of the eight valued
freedoms and opportunities on Walker's list emerged strongly in this
study. Seven other valued freedoms and opportunities which fall outside of
Walker's list were also identified. These 11 key valued freedoms and
opportunities, we argue, are needed for the formulation of socially just
disability-inclusive policies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 501-517
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1101410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1101410
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:501-517
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Francois Trani
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Francois
Author-X-Name-Last: Trani
Author-Name: Parul Bakhshi
Author-X-Name-First: Parul
Author-X-Name-Last: Bakhshi
Author-Name: Sarah Myers Tlapek
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Myers Tlapek
Author-Name: Dominique Lopez
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez
Author-Name: Fiona Gall
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Gall
Title: Disability and Poverty in Morocco and Tunisia: A Multidimensional Approach
Abstract:
Although a growing body of research is exploring the links between
disability and poverty, the evidence that persons with disabilities are
more likely to be poor than their non-disabled counterpart remains scarce.
The causal relationship between disability and poverty has most often been
considered in terms of disparities in income or living conditions.
However, some research strongly suggests that disability is associated
with deprivation in a number of other dimensions. To date, no study has
examined these associations using large scale surveys with a wide range of
wellbeing dimensions and indicators using a multidimensional approach. The
present paper presents findings of three multidimensional poverty measures
based on 17 indicators of deprivation collected through large-scale
household surveys in Morocco and Tunisia. These indicators cover a wide
range of dimensions of poverty such as health, education, employment,
material well-being, social participation, psychological well-being and
physical security. Results confirm that persons with disabilities are
poorer than non-disabled people in both countries. The study shows that
persons with disabilities, particularly girls and women, rural residents,
and those with intellectual, mental or multiple disabilities are
particularly deprived of basic capabilities and functionings and that
stigma plays a role in this social injustice. Civil society organizations
should take the lead to promote awareness of social and emotional
well-being of persons with disabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 518-548
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091808
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:518-548
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regina Moczadlo
Author-X-Name-First: Regina
Author-X-Name-Last: Moczadlo
Author-Name: Harald Strotmann
Author-X-Name-First: Harald
Author-X-Name-Last: Strotmann
Author-Name: Jürgen Volkert
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Volkert
Title: Corporate Contributions to Developing Health Capabilities
Abstract:
Abstract Despite the importance of the private
sector for global development, few researchers have analyzed corporate
impacts on capabilities and sustainable human development (SHD).-super-1
Our article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of corporate
potentials, impacts and risks for SHD. More specifically, we concentrate
on health and health capabilities and exemplify our arguments based on our
evaluation of health initiatives in the Bayer CropScience's Model Village
Project (MVP). Based on representative primary quantitative survey data
for two model and two control villages, as well as qualitative studies, we
explain and analyze the corporate health-related activities in the model
villages. We discuss how these corporate initiatives might fit into a
business case, examine how they have changed the well-being of the
populace as reported by the villagers, and provide results on stakeholder
trust. Furthermore, we reconsider the risks of corporate neglect or even
violation of important health issues. We conclude with lessons learned
from the MVP and with consequences for subsequent capability approach
research.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 549-566
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1098595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1098595
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rhyddhi Chakraborty
Author-X-Name-First: Rhyddhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty
Author-Name: Chhanda Chakraborti
Author-X-Name-First: Chhanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborti
Title: India, Health Inequities, and a Fair Healthcare Provision: A Perspective from Health Capability
Abstract:
Abstract In India, health inequality, rooted in
structural elements of the public healthcare system, is a topic of much
concern and discussion in research literature. However, very few articles
have approached this persistent problem from a theoretical standpoint.
This article addresses this gap by employing the social justice framework
of the Health Capability Paradigm (HCP). After critically analyzing some
features of the Indian healthcare system, the article argues that some
public healthcare system features not only cause health inequalities, but
more specifically cause inequities in central health capabilities to avoid
escapable diseases and premature death. To address such inequities, the
article argues from an HCP perspective that the Indian healthcare system
should (a) revise the national health policy's underlying vision of
health, (b) reshape its three-tiered public healthcare system to deliver
healthcare services to all, and (c) focus on core HCP concepts such as
shared health governance and shortfall inequality as guiding principles to
provide universal health coverage to all.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 567-580
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1105201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1105201
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:567-580
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Prah Ruger
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Prah Ruger
Title: Health Economics and Ethics and the Health Capability Paradigm
Abstract:
Abstract Kenneth Arrow's seminal 1963 article
“Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care,”
published in the American Economic Review, is widely
regarded as the origin of health economics. The health economics field
that has emerged in the subsequent 50 years has become a collection of
market-based (demand for and supply of health goods and services) and
non-market-based subjects. Despite a “broadening” of health
economics to absorb ideas from other disciplines, the field has failed to
pay adequate attention to ethics. Kenneth Arrow himself has called for
greater attention to ethics in solving persistent health and health care
problems for which economic tools are insufficient. The health capability
paradigm is an attempt to integrate economic and ethical principles in an
alternative analytical framework, enriching both health economics and
ethics simultaneously. Social problems in health are so intractable that
we must apply theoretical and empirical methods in both economics and
ethics to analyse them. Health capability economics, as embodied in the
health capability paradigm, offers a way forward.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 581-599
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1101411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1101411
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:581-599
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Kinghorn
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinghorn
Title: Exploring Different Interpretations of the Capability Approach in a Health Care Context: Where Next?
Abstract:
Abstract In comparing the first applications of
the capability approach (CA) to health and health care by Ruger with three
subsequent interpretations of the CA, this paper identifies two distinct
motivations: (i) the adoption of capability as an alternative to
utilitarian health maximization, in the context of resource allocation and
(ii) facilitating agreement on a core concept of health (incorporating
mortality, morbidity and health agency) with which to drive policy reform.
Where there is already comprehensive healthcare coverage, research is
evolving to consider the broader impact of health on well-being and
facilitate the joint evaluation of health and social care services.
Although measures developed within this “expansionist”
framework are becoming increasingly well used, their inclusion of health
itself requires greater consideration. The health capability paradigm
adopts health capability as a holistic object of health policy broadly
conceived. Whilst instruments exist for assessing health functioning,
qualitative studies are beginning to illuminate which indicators should be
used to assess health agency. Shortfall sufficiency, a current pillar of
the health capability paradigm, is considered as a potentially useful
decision-rule when allocating health and social care resources. Setting a
shortfall threshold will represent a value judgement and this should be
informed through public deliberation and debate. The implications of
adopting shortfall sufficiency also need to be explored and alternatives
considered.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 600-616
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1110567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1110567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:600-616
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Tkacik
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Tkacik
Title: Beyond GDP for Beyond 2015
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 619-624
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1106452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1106452
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:619-624
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nandan Nawn
Author-X-Name-First: Nandan
Author-X-Name-Last: Nawn
Title: For Sustainable SDGs: Righting Through Responsibilities
Abstract:
Sustainability of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) are contingent on
both ‘weak sustainability’ and ‘strong
sustainability.’ Rights-based approach, the most prevalent one in
the international policy space towards sustained realization of
development goals, is unlikely to ensure either of the sustainability
notions. Rather it has to be the (moral) responsibility of the State,
communities, and even individuals. After all, adoption of language of
responsibility in international environmental law vis-a-vis
‘unidirectional externalities’ has been successful in
maintaining the critical natural capital for the ‘sink’
function.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 625-630
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103713
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103713
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:625-630
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley T. Asah
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Asah
Title: Post-2015 Development Agenda: Human Agency and the Inoperability of the Sustainable Development Architecture
Abstract:
Although the post-2015 development agenda is commendable in several ways,
I content that it pays inadequate attention to human agency and,
therefore, to human development and capabilities, which are necessary to
meet sustainable development goals. First, I critique the post-2015 UN
development agenda and associated sustainable development goals. I focus
those critiques on the notions of development as if it were
charity and associated illusion of human rationality, and the
partial conceptualization and operationalization of human agency as if
agency depended only on contexts. Through these critiques, I illustrate
human irrationality and the consequent unsustainability of the charity
approach to development. I identify and characterize the development
architect and the development agent, to facilitate necessary understanding
and operationalization of the behavioral attributes of psychological
agency, which I argue to be fundamental to human development and
capabilities and, therefore, to sustainable development. For development
to materialize, people have to behave in certain ways, and for people to
act voluntarily, they have to be motivated. It also follows that for
development to be sustainable, the motivation to be developed has to come
from within the self—intrinsic to the individuals and social
collectives to be developed. Thus, substantial efforts must be made to
thoroughly understand and operationalize human agency, critical for
achieving individual, and social—including
institutional—behaviors that enable self-organized development, a
key attribute of sustainable development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 631-636
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103712
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:631-636
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: João Silva
Author-X-Name-First: João
Author-X-Name-Last: Silva
Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 637-639
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118223
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118223
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:637-639
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi
Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem
Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi
Title: Millennium Development Goals and Community Initiatives in the Asia Pacific
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 640-641
Issue: 4
Volume: 16
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1118224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1118224
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:16:y:2015:i:4:p:640-641
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Introduction to Nussbaum Lecture Symposium
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-4
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127503
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:1-4
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Pettit
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Pettit
Title: A Brief History of Liberty—And Its Lessons
Abstract:
Classical republicanism and classical liberalism divide on the
understanding of freedom, the one taking it as non-domination, the other
as non-interference. And essentially the same division survives today,
with serious policy implications, between neo-republicanism and
neo-liberalism.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 5-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127502
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:5-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: Some Reflections on Capability and Republican Freedom
Abstract:
This paper explores the relationship between Republicanism and the
capability approach. While these views and the notions of freedom they
endorse are distinct, it is argued that when we trace some of the
antecedents of the capability approach notably in the works of Karl Marx
these approaches are more closely connected than one might expect from an
exchange between Philip Pettit and Amartya Sen. It is, for this reason,
unsurprising that Pettit uses the capability approach in advancing his
Republican view, though in ways which are quite different from Sen's and
Martha Nussbaum's specific proposals. Nonetheless, I argue that
development of the capability approach also converges with the Republican
view once one explicitly lists capabilities relating to self-respect and
dignity in the way that Nussbaum does in her version of the approach. I
illustrate this point in the context of disability.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 22-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1127217
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1127217
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:22-34
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rod Hick
Author-X-Name-First: Rod
Author-X-Name-Last: Hick
Title: Between Income and Material Deprivation in the UK: In Search of Conversion Factors
Abstract:
The claim that there are “conversion factors” between
people's resources and their capabilities is fundamental to motivating the
capability approach, yet is empirically relatively under-examined. The few
analyses which exist focus typically on one group—disabled
people—and focus overwhelmingly on current income as the relevant
measure of resources. This article extends existing analysis on both
fronts, analysing conversion factors for a broader range of groups than
are typically considered and estimating conversion factors using both a
current and five-year average measure of income. It is found that
conversion factors based on a five-year average of current income are
40--45% lower than those based on current income. However, a
conversion-adjusted income measure, whether based on current or five-year
average income, still does not reflect “command over
capabilities” because conversion factors are estimated on the basis
of group averages, while needs vary for different groups
and different households. The article concludes that
understanding more clearly the nature of the conversion between resources
and functionings or refined functionings represents an important task for
those working with the capability approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 35-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076772
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:35-54
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Author-Name: Michael Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Title: Measured as Poor versus Feeling Poor: Comparing Money-metric and Subjective Poverty Rates in South Africa
Abstract:
In this study, we compare subjective and money-metric measures of poverty
in South Africa using data collected in the 2008/09 Living Conditions
Survey (LCS). In addition to collecting detailed information on
expenditure, the LCS asked respondents to provide an assessment of the
economic status of their household, ranging from “very poor”
to “wealthy”. We find considerable overlap between
per-capita expenditure measures of poverty status and subjective poverty
status among households. However, we also identify a number of significant
characteristics that distinguish households where poverty measures do not
overlap, including household size, the share of children and the elderly
in the household, home ownership and housing type, access to piped water
and electricity, and access to farming land. These characteristics suggest
both that expenditure measures are not able to capture the
multidimensional nature of economic well-being and that the level of
expenditure in the household is underestimated. This underestimation may
arise partly because poverty measures based on per-capita expenditure do
not recognize scale economies in the household, and also because the value
of small-scale economic activities can be difficult to measure, as in the
case of subsistence farming.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 55-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.985198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.985198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:55-73
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Essama-Nssah
Author-X-Name-First: B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Essama-Nssah
Author-Name: Peter J. Lambert
Author-X-Name-First: Peter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambert
Title: Counterfactual Decomposition of Pro-Poorness Using Influence Functions
Abstract:
Poverty reduction has emerged as a fundamental social objective of
development, and has become a metric commonly used to assess the
performance of public policy. This paper adapts the methodology of Firpo,
Fortin and Lemieux (2009) [2009. “Unconditional Quantile
Regressions.” Econometrica 77 (3): 953--973] to
the measurement of the pro-poorness of income growth. The method allows
the analyst to identify covariates that affect poverty reduction. The
methodology is policy-relevant because policy-makers can better target
these covariates than the average level of income, or the level of
inequality. We demonstrate this by application to Bangladesh 2000--2010.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 74-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1115392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1115392
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:74-92
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. Manzanera-Ruiz
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Manzanera-Ruiz
Author-Name: C. Lizarraga
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizarraga
Title: Motivations and Effectiveness of Women's Groups for Tomato Production in Soni, Tanzania
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the formation of informal women's
groups for cash crop production of tomatoes in Soni (Tanzania) as a
specific manifestation of collective action. Theoretical contributions
from collective action, group formation and empowerment help towards a
better understanding about the relations of collective action and women's
empowerment. To carry out this research, mainly qualitative methodology is
used through ethnographic fieldwork over a long duration of two years
(2007--2009).The results show gender as a source of power differences in
access to resources in agriculture; identify women's motivations for
participation and non-participation in tomato groups; define
characteristics of women's tomato groups; and establish the effectiveness
of this collective action on women's agency. A better understanding of
informal groups can help policy-makers and practitioners assess whether
their programmes are hitting or missing their targets.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 93-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076773
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076773
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:93-109
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nguyen Viet Cuong
Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Viet
Author-X-Name-Last: Cuong
Author-Name: Vu Hoang Linh
Author-X-Name-First: Vu Hoang
Author-X-Name-Last: Linh
Title: Should Parents Work Away from or Close to Home? The Effect of Parental Absence on Children's Time Use in Vietnam
Abstract:
Working away from home might bring higher earnings than working near home.
However, the absence of parents due to work can have unexpected effects on
children. This paper examines the effects of the absence of parents due to
work on time allocation of children aged 5--8 years old in Vietnam. The
paper relies on fixed-effects regression and panel data from the Young
Lives surveys in 2007 and 2009. It finds that children with parental
absence tend to spend less time on home study but more time on leisure and
playing. The effect of mother absence on home study of children is higher
than the effect of father absence. Moreover, children with mother absence
are more likely to do housework than other children. This finding
highlights the important role of mothers in taking care of children in
terms of both education and housework.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 110-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1103711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1103711
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serene Khader
Author-X-Name-First: Serene
Author-X-Name-Last: Khader
Title: Beyond Autonomy Fetishism: Affiliation with Autonomy in Women's Empowerment
Abstract:
A growing critical literature on women's empowerment argues that the
current focus on autonomy obscures the extent to which relationships,
social norms, and structures shape women's lives. I begin from the idea
that disaggregating forms of autonomy and conceptually clarifying their
relationship to empowerment can help us respond to the critiques without
abandoning what is genuinely important about autonomy. I argue that one
form of personal autonomy, thin relational autonomy, is necessary but
insufficient for women's empowerment. Seeing this can help us respond to
the critiques as well as develop a better understanding of what should be
prioritized in development interventions. In order to agitate against
oppressive structures and to improve their lives in ways they endorse,
women need the ability to formulate and scrutinize their own values. This
conception of autonomy, unlike many other conceptions of autonomy, does
not exclude the idea that relationships can be empowering. However, this
conception of autonomy is also not sufficient for empowerment; empowerment
also requires non-autonomy goods and changes in conditions external to the
agent.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 125-139
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1025043
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1025043
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:125-139
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Sanghoon Park
Author-X-Name-First: Albert Sanghoon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Vanishing into Things: Knowledge in Chinese Tradition
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 140-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140938
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140938
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:140-141
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William J. Frey
Author-X-Name-First: William J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Frey
Title: Technology and Human Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 141-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140936
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140936
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:141-143
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roger Merino
Author-X-Name-First: Roger
Author-X-Name-Last: Merino
Title: Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil, and Gas in Latin America
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 143-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1140937
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1140937
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:143-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Merridy
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom
Title: A Capabilities List for Equitable Transitions to University: A Top-down and Bottom-up Approach
Abstract:
Located within the context of equitable higher education as an enabler of
human development, this paper presents a two-pronged approach to the
development of a capabilities list for equitable transitions to university
in South Africa, as an example of the global South. Drawing on an
extensive analysis of the literature on access, participation, readiness
and educational transitions, together with quantitative and qualitative
data collected from high school and first-year university students, a list
of seven capabilities is proposed. The paper demonstrates how the
process-based methodology used satisfied all five criteria for the
development of capabilities lists proposed by Robeyns (2003). Through the
bringing together of top-down and bottom-up approaches in the formulation
of the list, the methodology presented here provides a means of avoiding
the pitfalls of omission and power (Nussbaum 2000), as well as ensuring
space for participation and dialogue (Sen 2004).
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-160
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.991280
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.991280
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:145-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alison Buckler
Author-X-Name-First: Alison
Author-X-Name-Last: Buckler
Title: Teachers’ Professional Capabilities and the Pursuit of Quality in Sub-Saharan African Education Systems: Demonstrating and Debating a Method of Capability Selection and Analysis
Abstract:
This paper reports on the methodological approach of a study that examined
an important dimension of the global challenge to better understand the
‘quality’ element of Education for All (EFA): the
professional lives of women teachers in rural communities in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Teachers from five countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa
and Sudan) provided a focus for exploring the relationship between
official representations of teachers’ work and the professional
lives teachers create and experience. Sen's (1999) capability approach was
used as a framework for understanding this relationship and to produce two
conceptualizations of professional capabilities for teachers generated by
the official and teacher perspectives, respectively. These capabilities
are organized around the pursuit of quality in teachers’ work. The
paper explains how these two conceptualizations were determined, justifies
four key aspects of the method used and highlights key insights into the
teachers’ professional lives enabled by this approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2014.991706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2014.991706
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:161-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew F. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Food Deserts, Capabilities, and the Rectification of Democratic Failure
Abstract:
Food deserts include any area in the industrialized world in which
reasonably priced, nutritious food is difficult to obtain. They constitute
a pressing public health concern insofar as food desert inhabitants
disproportionately suffer from a variety of diet-related conditions.
Amartya Sen has written extensively about famine as a failure of
functional governance. I draw on these considerations to defend two
claims. First, the perpetuation of food deserts also constitutes a
breakdown specifically of functional democracy. Second, this breakdown is
best addressed by implementing programs and policies that reflect Sen's
capabilities approach to justice. I challenge the proposition that
resourcism or any other competing approach is preferable for this
particular undertaking.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 178-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1019433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1019433
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:178-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Porter
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Porter
Title: I Know What to Expect: The Impact of Prior Experience on Legal Empowerment
Abstract:
Increasing legal empowerment is a key objective of governments and justice
systems worldwide. Consequently, the impact of judicable events on legal
empowerment is a question of some significance. Subjective legal
empowerment (SLE) is a measure of legal empowerment based on individual
perceptions. SLE is based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy. In this
study, a sample of over 500 respondents from a Dutch legal assistance
clinic were asked about their prior experience of legal conflicts, and
completed measures of SLE in relation to a range of legal domains. The
results show that previous experience of legal problems results in lowered
SLE ratings across a range of different domains, regardless of
success/completion of these problems, and that experience within specific
legal domains results in significantly lowered empowerment ratings for
future problems of that nature. The implications for both the measurement
methodology and for the future design of legal procedures are examined.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 191-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076774
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:191-205
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan
Author-X-Name-First: Rosie
Author-X-Name-Last: Peppin Vaughan
Title: Education, Social Justice and School Diversity: Insights from the Capability Approach
Abstract:
This paper offers a theoretical exploration of the impact of diversity in
schools on attitudes to inequality in students’ later life.
Reflecting on recent changes on the school system in England, and building
on work on how values are formed and how inequalities between groups may
be either perpetuated or changed, it seeks to investigate the development
of values and agency goals relating to the reduction of poverty and
inequalities, particularly between groups. School education has the
potential to foster civic participation and moral values, and formal
schooling can be seen as a unique site for the development of such values
at a formative period of individual development, through processes such as
collective reasoning and encounters with difference and inequality. While
these issues have been explored with regard to educational content, most
notably through citizenship education, it is equally important to consider
the social context within which formal learning takes place, particularly
the diversity of the school body itself, and how this is managed. This
paper draws on existing literature on education, values and school
diversity to examine how the capability approach can provide insights into
the development of social justice values through education.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 206-224
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076775
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:206-224
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annie Austin
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Austin
Title: Practical Reason in Hard Times: The Effects of Economic Crisis on the Kinds of Lives People in the UK Have Reason to Value
Abstract:
The capabilities approach (CA) was developed partly in response to the
problem of adaptive preferences, which is considered by many to be a fatal
flaw in utilitarian approaches to well-being. However, an important
critique of the CA is that it is subject to an analogous problem of
adaptation to deprivation: if well-being is defined as the capability to
live the kind of life one has reason to value, but conceptions of value
are conditioned by external circumstances or subject to adaptation,
evaluations of well-being in the capability space may suffer similar
distortions. This paper investigates the effects of the recent economic
crisis in the UK on practical reasoning—on people's conceptions of
the good and their freedom to deliberate about the planning of their
lives. Using data from the European Social Survey and an Exploratory
Structural Equation Modelling approach, it is shown that hard economic
times did cause adaptation in conceptions of value, with particularly
large effects among the economically vulnerable and the youngest
generation. It is concluded that conceptions of value should be included
in the definition of capability, and that this strategy can enhance the
analytical power of the CA.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 225-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076776
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:225-244
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elise Klein
Author-X-Name-First: Elise
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein
Title: The Curious Case of Using the Capability Approach in Australian Indigenous Policy
Abstract:
The capability approach has been recently used in Australian Indigenous
policy formation. What is curious about this use is how the approach has
been used in some instances to justify current paternalistic and
instructive policies for Indigenous Australians including behavioural
conditions to welfare payments and income management—policy
apparatuses aimed to create individual responsibility and to
“re-engineer social norms of Indigenous people.” This
interpretation of the capability approach is at odds with the writings of
capability scholars. To examine this tension, this paper firstly reviews
and clarifies the important concepts of freedom, agency and pluralism
according to capability approach scholars, in particular Amartya Sen. The
contestation between the writings of Sen and commentators of Indigenous
policy is then addressed paying particular attention to three areas;
deficit discourse, individual responsibility and the ends and means of
policy. An examination of how the capability approach can be used to
analyse welfare to work and activation strategies within wider Australian
Indigenous policy is then undertaken, followed by some broader reflections
on the discursive environments in which misinterpretations of the
capability approach could continue to take place.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 245-259
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145199
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:245-259
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonja Loots
Author-X-Name-First: Sonja
Author-X-Name-Last: Loots
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: A Capabilities-based Gender Equality Policy for Higher Education: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations
Abstract:
The complex transformative intent of policy goals is often marginalized in
favour of tangible, measurable outcomes. Such a pattern is evident in the
tracking of global social justice goals, such as gender equality, where
sole reliance on numerical parity data to track progress has led to the
simplification of the concept for the sake of measurement. This
intensifies the need to focus both on conceptual and methodological
considerations in policy development and evaluation to enhance human
development and promote the transformation of inequalities towards social
justice. Through reporting on a mixed-methods process to inform and
develop a capabilities-based gender equality policy at a South African
university, the paper asks what gender equality should look like
conceptually, and identifies empirically valued functionings and
capabilities which could act as transformative policy evaluation
indicators. The paper reports on diverse student data from 57 qualitative
interviews and 843 survey respondents, which indicate differences between
what social groups value and where interventions are needed. The paper
suggests that the capabilities approach could be an important
evidence-based policy driver in higher education, with the possibility to
combine both a rich conceptual approach and methodological considerations
in operationalization so that social justice goals and outcomes result.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 260-277
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1076777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076777
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:260-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamish Russell
Author-X-Name-First: Hamish
Author-X-Name-Last: Russell
Author-Name: Gillian Brock
Author-X-Name-First: Gillian
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock
Title: Abusive Tax Avoidance and Responsibilities of Tax Professionals
Abstract:
Abusive tax avoidance reduces the effectiveness and equity of fiscal
institutions, and hence contributes to significant levels of deprivation
in both developed and developing countries. In the first part of this
paper, we outline the main reasons for the existence and scale of abusive
tax avoidance, with emphasis on factors that exacerbate the problem in the
developing world. However, our main project in this paper is normative. We
argue that tax professionals, such as lawyers, accountants and financial
advisors, have strong obligations to help remedy the deprivation caused by
abusive tax avoidance. To make our case, we present three connective
grounds that serve as criteria for remedial responsibilities: causal
contribution, benefit and capacity to assist. Although these criteria
sometimes pull in different directions, when all three converge there are
especially strong grounds for assigning responsibilities to the relevant
set of actors. Applying this convergence approach, we demonstrate that tax
professionals contribute majorly to abusive tax avoidance, benefit greatly
from its persistence, and have significant capacities to reduce its
extent. One result of this analysis is that tax
professionals—especially large accountancy, legal and securities
firms—ought to do much more to address tax avoidance than merely
comply with existing legislation. We also argue that these
responsibilities are consistent with, indeed required by, widely accepted
standards of professional integrity.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 278-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091810
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:278-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Mark Mitchell
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Mark Mitchell
Title: The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 295-296
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155794
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:295-296
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cirenia Chávez Villegas
Author-X-Name-First: Cirenia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chávez Villegas
Title: Happiness and Economic Growth: Lessons from Developing Countries
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 296-298
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:296-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julie Schiltz
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Schiltz
Title: Depoliticising Migration: Global Governance and International Migration Narratives
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 298-299
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155795
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155795
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:2:p:298-299
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Vansteenkiste
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Vansteenkiste
Author-Name: Mark Schuller
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Schuller
Title: The Gendered Space of Capabilities and Functionings: Lessons from Haitian Community-Based Organizations
Abstract:
Different frameworks for building capabilities result in different material outcomes for women in four Haitian community-based organizations: two mixed-gender versus two women’s organizations. This study shows that frameworks deployed by the women’s organizations pay attention to gendered strategic interests by enhancing capabilities and functionings that communities and individuals value. Their frameworks resembled Nussbaum’s (2011, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press): (1) practical reasoning and (2) affiliation, enabling combined capabilities and valued functionings in a manner that respects Sen’s demands for plurality of individual freedoms within the society. We contend that when an organization makes gender central to a capabilities approach, space is created for women to imagine, practice, and choose real opportunities and functionings of value that are otherwise prohibited. This gendered capabilities methodology addresses political and social poverty and creates a platform for building democracy, offering a central frame scalable to national policy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 147-165
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411893
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:147-165
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Walker
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Leveraging Communities’ Capabilities to Increase Accountability for Health Rights: The Case of Citizen Voice and Action
Abstract:
Citizen Voice and Action (CV&A), a rights- and strengths-based social accountability approach developed in the global South, helps communities marginalized by unfair power relations to counter low accountability. By creating a dynamic of entitlement within communities and obligation by duty-bearers, it improves power relations and frees communities to build shared agency through reciprocity which advances health rights claims. After outlining capability theory and linking it to human rights, this paper explains CV&A’s origins in democratic struggles for rights and its current praxis. Using Ugandan case studies, it examines how people suffering its low accountability claim health and human rights by culturally engaging with each other and with duty-bearers. When interpreted as a set of collective freedoms and capabilities to struggle, social accountability helps explain how democratic action with and for communities at multiple levels aligns policy implementation with service performance to produce standards of public healthcare that community members value.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 181-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:181-197
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Jansen
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen
Author-Name: Roos Pijpers
Author-X-Name-First: Roos
Author-X-Name-Last: Pijpers
Author-Name: George de Kam
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: de Kam
Title: Expanding Capabilities in Integrated Service Areas (ISAs) As Communities of Care: A Study of Dutch Older Adults’ Narratives on the Life They Have Reason to Value
Abstract:
We apply the capability approach to understand the scope and limitations of community efforts to support older adults dwelling in integrated service areas (ISAs) in the Netherlands. An ISA is a neighborhood-based form of care organization aimed at the widening of opportunities to achieve well-being goals by building on local community resources. To gain insight in the complex effects of ISAs on older adults’ well-being, a narrative study was performed on their daily lived experiences. Emerging narrative patterns were aggregated in a Manifesto of the Independently Living Older Person. Narrative patterns and Manifesto provided insight in both respondents’ capabilities and functionings, expressing values such as autonomy, human dignity and contributions to community care by older adults themselves. Older adults balance realistic and optimistic expectations for the future in ways that can be explained using the concepts of capability security, adaptive preferences, care-receiving and caring-with. Since interventions transpire through local interactions and shared practices, ISAs represent a social space in between individuality and collectivity where older adults enact community by sharing common ends. Findings imply that the complex interventions developed in ISAs expand older adults’ capabilities involving the challenge for all stakeholders to negotiate individual freedoms in community care settings.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 232-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:232-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini
Author-Name: Caterina Arciprete
Author-X-Name-First: Caterina
Author-X-Name-Last: Arciprete
Title: Local Communities and Capability Evolution: The Core of Human Development Processes
Abstract:
The capability approach has the power to examine how different societal arrangements can be pivotal for the fulfilment and/or deprivations of individual human capabilities and human development [Sen, A. K. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press]. However, little analysis has been so far devoted to the centrality of the local community for human capabilities, which constitutes the most proximate socio-institutional setting that most directly shapes individual and collective well-being. In order to reflect about the relations between community and capabilities, this paper embraces a geographical definition of community (complementary—not superior—to other conceptualizations) with a twofold scope. Firstly, it aims at filling the theoretical vacuum presenting an extension of the STEHD framework (Sustainable Territorial Evolution for Human Development) introduced by Biggeri and Ferrannini [2014a. Sustainable Human Development: A New Territorial and People-centred Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan], which links the individual, collective and local community dynamics affecting human capabilities. Secondly, it aims at showing how this framework can help to examine the different processes in place at the community level, by applying to the case study of a Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programme implemented in Mandya and Ramanagaram Districts (Karnataka State, India). The paper is structured into five sections. After the introduction, the second section introduces the STEHD framework and reveals its potential to frame the local community dynamics. In the third section, the case study is introduced and the main results in terms of human development outcomes are discussed. In the fourth section, the dynamic processes of individual, collective and community change fostered by the CBR programme are analysed by applying the STEHD framework. The last section concludes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 126-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1411896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411896
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:126-146
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trang Pham
Author-X-Name-First: Trang
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham
Title: The Capability Approach and Evaluation of Community-Driven Development Programs
Abstract:
Community-driven development (CDD)—a development paradigm that upholds community participation and empowerment—has become an integral part of the World Bank’s operational strategy in the last few decades. It claims to bring better development results in terms of poverty reduction, good governance, effectiveness, sustainability and inclusive development. However, despite its claims and popularity, actual evidence of the development impacts of CDD has been mixed. One reason for the mixed results can be attributed to the incompatibility between the top-down evaluation methods used and CDD’s principles and processes. This paper argues that the Capability Approach (CA) pioneered by Sen and Nussbaum can be used as an evaluation framework to more effectively evaluate CDD programs. The CA is compatible with CDD’s principles of valuing agency and empowerment; it offers a broad informational base for normative judgement; and it is sensitive to gender and individual differences. This paper will also address challenges in operationalizing the CA to evaluate CDD programs in particular and development projects in general and will apply the proposed operationalization principles to develop a list of capabilities suitable for measuring poverty reduction, a key objective of CDD interventions, thus showing that the operationalization of the CA is possible.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 166-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1412407
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1412407
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:166-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Gynna F. Millán Franco
Author-X-Name-First: Gynna F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Millán Franco
Author-Name: María Alejandra Millán Franco
Author-X-Name-First: María Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Millán Franco
Title: When Collectivity Makes a Difference: Theoretical and Empirical Insights from Urban and Rural Communities in Colombia
Abstract:
In this paper, we analyse two Colombian communities using elements of the capability approach. The first, Comuna 8, is an urban community in Medellín, Colombia’s second largest city. The second community is a Zona de Reserva Campesina (Peasant Farmer Reserve Zone) in the Cabrera municipality, in the Department of Cundinamarca. We explore the reasons why people value being part of a community, along with the collective capabilities that are expanded through community participation. As a product of these capabilities communities plan their own territories, which are examples of collective functionings. Social and environmental conversion factors, as well the historical background of the two communities, are key elements in the analysis. Finally, this research sheds light on individual and collective agency. This agency not only occurs in spaces recognised by Colombian law, but also in areas claimed by the communities themselves.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 216-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1412408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1412408
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:216-231
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Veronica Crosbie
Author-X-Name-First: Veronica
Author-X-Name-Last: Crosbie
Title: Intercultural Dialogue in Practice: BlueFire’s Community Integration Activities Viewed Through a Participatory Action Research Capability Lens
Abstract:
This study explores ways in which intercultural dialogue is fostered through the activities of the social enterprise BlueFire, based in Dublin’s north inner city. Using a critical participatory action research methodology and a capability perspective, it seeks to understand how, and to what extent, BlueFire has begun to create a dynamic dialogical space using the arts and community engagement through core activities including the “BlueFire Street Fest” and the “Smithfield Summer Picnics.” Outcomes of the research so far include an on-going dialogue on integration and community engagement that has led to a deeper appreciation of the factors that underpin communication and social practice in community settings.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 198-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1445704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1445704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:198-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aurora Lopez-Fogues
Author-X-Name-First: Aurora
Author-X-Name-Last: Lopez-Fogues
Title: Universities and Global Human Development: Theoretical and Empirical Insights for Social Change
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 269-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448235
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448235
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:269-270
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Fuller
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller
Title: Global Justice and Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 266-267
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448237
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448237
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:266-267
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joshua Greenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenstein
Title: The Asian “Poverty Miracle”: Impressive Accomplishments or Incomplete Achievements?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 268-269
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448238
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448238
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:268-269
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ntimi Mtawa
Author-X-Name-First: Ntimi
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtawa
Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Merridy
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom
Title: Community Service Learning: Pedagogy at the Interface of Poverty, Inequality and Privilege
Abstract:
Using empirical data from three different community service learning (CSL) courses offered at a South African university, in this paper we discuss the promises and pitfalls of this pedagogy for meaningful change within communities. The paper makes visible the challenging contradictions of CSL as a practice seeking to promote social change and CSL as a form of charity or paternalism. Drawing on in-depth qualitative data collected from interviews with lecturers, focus groups with students involved in CSL and interviews and focus groups with community members who participated in CSL, we examine the interface between poverty, inequality and privilege that occurs when universities and poor communities endeavour to partner. We argue that CSL ought to promote social change through fostering a sense of agency, empowerment, sustainability and capabilities formation amongst students and within communities. However, when CSL course design (and resultant implementation) does not sufficiently take account of the complex relations of power and privilege, particularly in the context of extreme poverty in communities, CSL practice risks undermining the social transformation that it seeks to foster. We draw on the work of Davis and Wells [2016. “Transformation without Paternalism.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. doi:10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198] to propose procedural principles for democratic CSL design and implementation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 249-265
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1448370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1448370
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:249-265
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graciela Tonon
Author-X-Name-First: Graciela
Author-X-Name-Last: Tonon
Title: Communities and Capabilities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 121-125
Issue: 2
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1454288
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1454288
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:2:p:121-125
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Morten Fibieger Byskov
Author-X-Name-First: Morten Fibieger
Author-X-Name-Last: Byskov
Title: Democracy, Philosophy, and the Selection of Capabilities
Abstract:
A key task within the capability approach is the selection of relevant capabilities. The question of how to select capabilities has divided capability theorists into two camps: those who argue that it is a philosophical task and those who argue that it is a matter for the public. In this paper, I argue that this distinction between philosophy and democracy is counterproductive to the operationalization of the capability approach. On the one hand, proponents of the philosophical position overestimate the need for philosophical theorizing when selecting capabilities. On the other hand, proponents of the democratic positions can benefit from addressing issues raised by philosophers. I conclude that rather than making the philosophical position more democratically sensitive, we should search out ways in which philosophy can reinforce democratic processes in general and in relation to the selection of capabilities in particular.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1091809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1091809
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gordon Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Gordon
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Teng Wah Leo
Author-X-Name-First: Teng Wah
Author-X-Name-Last: Leo
Title: Quantifying the Progress of Economic and Social Justice: Charting Changes in Equality of Opportunity in the USA, 1960–2000
Abstract:
The notion of equality of opportunity (EO) has pervaded much of economic and social justice policy, and research over the last half century. The sense that differences in agent outcomes that are the consequence of their individual choice and effort are acceptable whereas variation in agent outcomes that are the consequence of circumstances beyond their control are not has underpinned much gender, race, education, and family law and policy over that period, making it a many-dimensioned issue. In this context, the empirical analysis of EO has been hampered in the sense that the usual techniques are one-dimensional in nature. Here a new approach to evaluating levels of and changes in EO which readily accommodates these many dimensions is introduced, and progress in the extent of EO for 18-year-olds in the USA is examined over the period 1960–2000. The evidence is that gains were made in all categories throughout the period, more so for males than females (though females were better off in an EO sense to start with), more so for children in single parent circumstances, and more so for the poorly endowed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 17-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2015.1115393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2015.1115393
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:17-45
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lasse Nielsen
Author-X-Name-First: Lasse
Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen
Author-Name: David V. Axelsen
Author-X-Name-First: David V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Axelsen
Title: Capabilitarian Sufficiency: Capabilities and Social Justice
Abstract:
This paper suggests an account of sufficientarianism—that is, that justice is fulfilled when everyone has enough—laid out within a general framework of the capability approach. In doing so, it seeks to show that sufficiency is especially plausible as an ideal of social justice when constructed around key capabilitarian insights such as freedom, pluralism, and attention to empirical interconnections between central capabilities. Correspondingly, we elaborate on how a framework for evaluating social justice would look when constructed in this way and give reasons for why capabilitarians should embrace sufficientarianism. We do this by elaborating on how capabilitarian values underpin sufficiency. On this basis, we identify three categories of central capabilities; those related to biological and physical needs, those to fundamental interests of a human agent, and those to fundamental interests of a social being. In each category, we argue, achieving sufficiency requires different distributional patterns depending on how the capabilities themselves work and interrelate. This argument adds a new dimension to the way capabilitarians think about social justice and changes how we should target instances of social justice from social-political viewpoint.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 46-59
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145632
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:46-59
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kia M.Q. Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Kia M.Q.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Title: Introducing Joint Capabilities: Findings from a Study of Development in Honduras’ Garifuna Ancestral Villages
Abstract:
This article argues for the family as a unit of analysis within capabilities approaches to human development. Challenging the liberal emphasis on the individual, this article illustrates that individualist approaches to families do not account for the relatively common scenario of families acting as a unit. Building upon Margaret Gilbert’s concept of plural subject agents, the paper suggests a new category of capabilities called joint capabilities that apply to the opportunities afforded to families that function as a unit. In order to build the case for joint capabilities, the author’s experiences and observations of family in the Afro-indigenous Garifuna ancestral villages of Honduras are discussed. More specifically, the capability of rural families to make cassava bread, or ereba in the Garifuna language, is explored. While the Garifuna family is explored as an important unit of analysis for understanding capabilities, the family is also examined as a complex context for exploration of power relations and inequality.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 60-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199168
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199168
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:60-74
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Godfrey-Wood
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Godfrey-Wood
Author-Name: Graciela Mamani-Vargas
Author-X-Name-First: Graciela
Author-X-Name-Last: Mamani-Vargas
Title: The Coercive Side of Collective Capabilities: Evidence from the Bolivian
Abstract:
Theorists have critiqued the individualism at the heart of Sen’s capabilities approach, and have advocated the concept of “collective capabilities” to better understand the role of social institutions in influencing human flourishing and freedom. However, the extent to which collective capabilities are complementary to, or in tension with individual ones has been under-researched. This paper explores the relationship between collective and individual capabilities by analysing the social institutions of indigenous peasants living in the Bolivian Altiplano, a relatively collectivist society, considering the roles of three key social institutions: village-level political organizations, social activities, and Evangelical churches. It argues that the strength of institutions to contribute to both individual and collective well-being often depends on their ability to use coercive instruments to override individual freedoms. Therefore, while the data support the claim that individualist approaches to well-being and freedom are inadequate, it also calls for more dynamic understandings of the ways in which social institutions enable and constrain people’s capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 75-88
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199169
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199169
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:75-88
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger
Author-Name: Camren McAravey
Author-X-Name-First: Camren
Author-X-Name-Last: McAravey
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg
Title: The Capability Threshold: Re-examining the Definition of the Middle Class in an Unequal Developing Country
Abstract:
We argue that a multi-dimensional approach to categorizing the middle class is more appropriate for a polarized developing country and propose an alternative measurement rooted in the ideas of empowerment and capability. We find that the “empowered middle class” has expanded significantly since 1993 and also constitutes a larger share of vulnerable subgroups such as blacks, female-headed households and rural inhabitants. Differing trends between the middle class categorized based on income and based on capabilities are attributed to improved capabilities that have not been rewarded with a proportional increases in access to the labour market. It is disconcerting that links to the labour market improved only slightly and this is attributed to sluggish labour market growth and low quality of education. It is concerning that vulnerable individuals harbour unrealistically high expectations of the social mobility of their households and appear to not understand the determinants of social mobility and labour market prospects. This is attributed to heightened expectations following the political transition, but also the continued disconnection and marginalization of vulnerable subpopulations from the mainstream economy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 89-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251402
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251402
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:89-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Gram
Author-X-Name-First: Lu
Author-X-Name-Last: Gram
Author-Name: Joanna Morrison
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrison
Author-Name: Neha Sharma
Author-X-Name-First: Neha
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma
Author-Name: Bhim Shrestha
Author-X-Name-First: Bhim
Author-X-Name-Last: Shrestha
Author-Name: Dharma Manandhar
Author-X-Name-First: Dharma
Author-X-Name-Last: Manandhar
Author-Name: Anthony Costello
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Costello
Author-Name: Naomi Saville
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Saville
Author-Name: Jolene Skordis-Worrall
Author-X-Name-First: Jolene
Author-X-Name-Last: Skordis-Worrall
Title: Validating an Agency-based Tool for Measuring Women’s Empowerment in a Complex Public Health Trial in Rural Nepal
Abstract:
Despite the rising popularity of indicators of women’s empowerment in global development programmes, little work has been done on the validity of existing measures of such a complex concept. We present a mixed methods validation of the use of the Relative Autonomy Index for measuring Amartya Sen’s notion of agency freedom in rural Nepal. Analysis of think-aloud interviews (n = 7) indicated adequate respondent understanding of questionnaire items, but multiple problems of interpretation including difficulties with the four-point Likert scale, questionnaire item ambiguity and difficulties with translation. Exploratory Factor Analysis of a calibration sample (n = 511) suggested two positively correlated factors (r = 0.64) loading on internally and externally motivated behaviour. Both factors increased with decreasing education and decision-making power on large expenditures and food preparation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis on a validation sample (n = 509) revealed good fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.05–0.08, Comparative Fit Index 0.91–0.99). In conclusion, we caution against uncritical use of agency-based quantification of women’s empowerment. While qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed overall satisfactory construct and content validity, the positive correlation between external and internal motivations suggests the existence of adaptive preferences. High scores on internally motivated behaviour may reflect internalized oppression rather than agency freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 107-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251403
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:107-135
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karie Cross
Author-X-Name-First: Karie
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross
Title: New Approaches Towards the ‘Good Life’: Applications and Transformations of the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 136-137
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284949
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284949
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:136-137
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco J. Haenssgen
Author-X-Name-First: Marco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Haenssgen
Title: After Access: Inclusion, Development, and a More Mobile Internet
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 137-139
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284950
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284950
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:137-139
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kattie Lussier
Author-X-Name-First: Kattie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lussier
Title: Human Development and Capacity Building: Asia Pacific Trends, Challenges and Prospects for the Future
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 139-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1284951
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1284951
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:139-140
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: i-i
Issue: 1
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1274152
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1274152
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:1:p:i-i
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quentin Wodon
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon
Title: Investing in Early Childhood Development: Essential Interventions, Family Contexts, and Broader Policies
Abstract:
Access to quality early childhood development (ECD), care, and pre-primary education is essential for child development and is now recognized as a priority under the Sustainable Development Goals. Investments in ECD by major donors have been rising rapidly in recent years. This makes the task of understanding better what works to promote ECD, and what may not work as well, a priority. The objective of this special issue of the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities is to contribute to the evidence base in three areas—the roles of program interventions, family contexts, and broader policies in ensuring optimal child development. The issue consists of five research articles, most of which provide evaluations of specific interventions, as well as three shorter notes considering broader policy issues. The main conclusions of the various contributions are summarized in this article together with a brief introduction to simple conceptual frameworks that countries, donors, and other stakeholders may find useful when considering alternative ways to invest in ECD.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 465-476
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1240883
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1240883
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:465-476
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Jo Dowd
Author-X-Name-First: Amy Jo
Author-X-Name-Last: Dowd
Author-Name: Ivelina Borisova
Author-X-Name-First: Ivelina
Author-X-Name-Last: Borisova
Author-Name: Ali Amente
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Amente
Author-Name: Alene Yenew
Author-X-Name-First: Alene
Author-X-Name-Last: Yenew
Title: Realizing Capabilities in Ethiopia: Maximizing Early Childhood Investment for Impact and Equity
Abstract:
Enhanced early childhood care development (ECCD) holds great promise for enabling children to realize their full potential and enjoy greater opportunities and rights. In Ethiopia, two types of ECCD centers (government and community supported) were randomly assigned to standard or enhanced quality (emergent literacy and math—ELM) treatments to enable an impact evaluation of early childhood intervention quality on child development outcomes. The children attending these centers are also compared to a group of children without access to ECCD programs. The International Development and Early Learning Assessment administered to the same children twice within seven months’ time reveals that provision of an enhanced early childhood program yields greater impact and equity. Effect sizes in emergent language and literacy, emergent math and social–emotional development domains range from 0.27 to 0.53 for the standard ECCD provision, while enhanced ELM intervention has effect sizes over one standard deviation in each of these three domains. Importantly, children in ELM centers with lowest socioeconomic status made significantly greater gains than their peers with higher socioeconomic status. ECCD quality enhances intervention impact for all children, and closes the gap for the poorest children.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 477-493
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225702
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:477-493
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvia Diazgranados
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Diazgranados
Author-Name: Ivelina Borisova
Author-X-Name-First: Ivelina
Author-X-Name-Last: Borisova
Author-Name: Taposhi Sarker
Author-X-Name-First: Taposhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarker
Title: Does Attending an Enhanced-quality Preschool have an Effect on the Emergent Literacy, Emergent Math, Social Skills and Knowledge of Health, Hygiene, Nutrition and Safety of Young Children? Evidence from a Quasi-experiment with Two Control Groups in Bangladesh
Abstract:
This study aims to identify the effect of attending an enhanced-quality preschool program on students’ emergent math, emergent language and literacy, socio-personal skills and knowledge of health, hygiene, nutrition and safety. We used a quasi-experimental design with pre-post measures and two control groups, with data from a random sample of approximately 709 4–6-year-old children in 40 villages and 5 districts of Bangladesh. Controlling for demographic and baseline characteristics, we compared the outcomes of children who attended an enhanced-quality preschool with the outcomes of children who lived nearby, but were (1) not attending preschool or (2) attending a standard-quality government preschool. We found that, after controlling for baseline characteristics, initial pre-test differences that significantly favored children in enhanced-quality preschools over non-preschoolers significantly increased over time in all outcomes of interest. We did not find differences at baseline between children in the enhanced and the standard-quality preschools, but after the intervention, preschoolers in the enhanced program gained small and positive advantages over their counterparts, which were not statistically significant, possibly due to the sample size of the Government Public School group, which made us unable to detect effects sizes smaller than 0.25 standard deviations. We discuss implications, threats to validity and future research.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 494-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:494-515
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Josefina Valadez-Martinez
Author-X-Name-First: Laura Josefina
Author-X-Name-Last: Valadez-Martinez
Title: Household Income Trajectories, PROGRESA-Oportunidades, and Child Well-being at Pre-school Age in Rural Mexico
Abstract:
This study examines the extent to which household income around the time of birth and income trajectory, influenced by the conditional cash transfer programme PROGRESA-Oportunidades, are associated with the physiological, cognitive, motor, and emotional well-being of pre-school children in rural Mexico. Using the ENCASEH/ENCEL, Structural Equation Models are developed to explore the association between household income over the course of the child’s life, taking part in the cash transfer programme, and indicators of well-being at 4–6 years of age. Results indicate that household income around the time of birth is positively associated with child outcomes at 4–6 years of age. This reinforces the evidence that early poverty has a scarring effect on children’s capabilities. Results also show that improving income trajectories were found to be positively associated with better child development, and PROGRESA-Oportunidades had an indirect positive impact on children the 5- and 4-year-old groups by influencing the income trajectories of their households.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 516-539
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225701
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:516-539
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meltem Dayioğlu
Author-X-Name-First: Meltem
Author-X-Name-Last: Dayioğlu
Author-Name: Sirma Demir Şeker
Author-X-Name-First: Sirma
Author-X-Name-Last: Demir Şeker
Title: Social Policy and the Dynamics of Early Childhood Poverty in Turkey
Abstract:
This paper analyses the dynamics of child poverty in Turkey using a nationally representative four-year panel. The results show that 51.4% of 0–6-year-olds are touched by poverty over a four-year period, which is substantially higher than the cross-sectional head count ratio of 32.2%. Totally 30% of the poor children or 15.4% of the child population experience poverty for the entire observation window. Furthermore, nearly half experience severe material deprivation. Although we find substantial movements in and out of poverty, the exit rate is lower and the entry rate is higher than the rates reported for the total population and those reported in the literature for children in developed countries. The limited amount of social assistance available to children in Turkey means that children’s welfare depends heavily on the labour market outcomes of their parents. Children who live in households headed by younger and less-educated persons without work or in precarious employment are more likely to be persistent poor and face persistent severe material deprivation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 540-557
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225700
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:540-557
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meltem A. Aran
Author-X-Name-First: Meltem A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Aran
Author-Name: Ana Maria Munoz Boudet
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Munoz Boudet
Author-Name: Nazli Aktakke
Author-X-Name-First: Nazli
Author-X-Name-Last: Aktakke
Title: Can Regulations Make It More Difficult to Serve the Poor? The Case of Childcare Services in Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract:
Private and community-driven efforts can be an important resource to expand early childhood education and care (ECEC) services to poor children, under the right conditions and design. The regulations imposed on private ECEC provision, while having an impact on quality, may increase costs of provision and in return prices of services, reducing accessibility and affordability for poor households. This paper considers the impact of regulations on private ECEC in a highly regulated childcare market in a developing country. Using data from a recently fielded survey that sampled 141 private ECEC facilities in Istanbul, Turkey, the paper looks at the impact of fixed regulations on prices and poor children’s access to services, in particular the outdoor space requirement that was originally imposed on private providers in the 1960s and has over time become more difficult to fulfill in densely populated districts of the city. The paper estimates that controlling for other provider characteristics, in districts where such requirement is more binding, the price of childcare services increases by 376.2 TL per child per month and the percentage of children enrolled coming from poor backgrounds lowers by 15.1% points than in districts where such standard proves less challenging.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 558-582
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1225703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1225703
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:558-582
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Caceres
Author-X-Name-First: Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Caceres
Author-Name: Jeffrey Tanner
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanner
Author-Name: Sian Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Sian
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Maximizing Child Development: Three Principles for Policy-makers
Abstract:
The policy note advances three inter-related principles to guide policy-makers and agents in international development organizations to prioritize their actions. These principles are drawn from findings from two Early Childhood Development (ECD) reports recently completed by the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group—one on the World Bank support for ECD and the other a systematic review of the sustained effects of early childhood interventions. The principles are: Support the Early Development of Children, Starting from Birth; Support Parents Through Existing Services; Make Resources Available to Meet Needs of the Most Vulnerable. These principles imply a new emphasis on development beyond survival with effective, evidence-informed interventions. The policy implications also mean starting with what exists in services in health and protection for vulnerable families and augmenting these with parenting support and education components so that children’s risks are reduced and more poor children will be ready to enter primary school at the appropriate age and to persist through schooling and thrive in the labor market.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 583-589
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1243521
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1243521
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:583-589
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quentin Wodon
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wodon
Title: Early Childhood Development in the Context of the Family: The Case of Child Marriage
Abstract:
Early childhood is a critical period in a child’s development. Poor conditions early in life affect not only children’s physical growth, but also their brain development and capabilities, with lasting consequences in adulthood. A child’s family is the first and most important support system to ensure healthy growth and development. This also means that when the family and especially the mother is vulnerable, this can have lasting negative consequences for young children. This article illustrates the impact that family conditions can have on early childhood development by considering the specific case of child marriage, defined as a girl marrying before the age of 18, as well as early childbirth, defined as a girl having a child before the age of 18, itself in most cases a consequence of child marriage. The article also discusses interventions that could help in reducing both the likelihood of child marriage and its intergenerational impacts on young children.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 590-598
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1245277
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:590-598
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amber Gove
Author-X-Name-First: Amber
Author-X-Name-Last: Gove
Author-Name: Maureen M. Black
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Title: Measurement of Early Childhood Development and Learning under the Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract:
Children’s early development serves as the foundation for later health, learning and well-being. The inclusion of early childhood development (ECD) in the Sustainable Development Goals implies that countries must report on the percentage of children under 5 years of age who are “developmentally on track.” This note briefly reflects on the history of global ECD goals and their measurement and outlines the challenge ahead: creating a workable strategy for ECD measurement that balances the need for national relevance with globally comparable data. The global variation in the timing and nature of early childhood skills acquisition presents an important opportunity as countries set their own standards for what it means to be developmentally on track. Country-driven measurement and standard setting, derived from measurement approaches that meet international expectations for quality, can have an important influence on policy and practice. Countries can measure the development of their youngest citizens in a way that is most relevant and useful to them, so that they may use those data to ensure that all children have the opportunity to fulfill their potential.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 599-605
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1243520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:599-605
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geoff Goodwin
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin
Title: Growth, Employment, Inequality and the Environment: Unity of Knowledge in Economics (Volumes 1 and 2)
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 606-607
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226348
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226348
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:606-607
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Crabtree
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree
Title: The Moral Challenge of Dangerous Climate Change: Values, Poverty, and Policy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 607-609
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226349
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226349
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:607-609
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Gandrup
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Gandrup
Title: Aspirations, Education and Social Justice: Applying Sen and Bourdieu
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 609-611
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226350
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226350
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:609-611
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benedicta Ideho Omokaro
Author-X-Name-First: Benedicta Ideho
Author-X-Name-Last: Omokaro
Title: Social Protection, Economic Growth and Social Change: Goals, Issues and Trajectories in China, India, Brazil and South Africa
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 611-612
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226351
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:611-612
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi
Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem
Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi
Title: Democracy, Gender and Social Policy in Russia: A Wayward Society
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 612-613
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1226352
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1226352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:4:p:612-613
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix Rauschmayer
Author-X-Name-First: Felix
Author-X-Name-Last: Rauschmayer
Author-Name: Christine Polzin
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Polzin
Author-Name: Mirijam Mock
Author-X-Name-First: Mirijam
Author-X-Name-Last: Mock
Author-Name: Ines Omann
Author-X-Name-First: Ines
Author-X-Name-Last: Omann
Title: Examining Collective Action Through the Capability Approach: The Example of Community Currencies
Abstract:
Collective action—the involvement of a group of people carrying out common and voluntary actions to pursue shared interests—has a high potential to contribute to agency and wellbeing freedom. It is a current and recurrent phenomenon in society, but it is still poorly explained by the Capability Approach (CA). This paper’s main aim is to look more closely at how the CA can be used to better frame, understand and evaluate the impacts of collective action. Based on a discussion of the literature on collective capabilities and agency we suggest extending the perspective of the original approach, mainly through a more explicit distinction between three layers: individual processes, collective action, and social institutions. We argue that such an extension is useful in order to evaluate how collective action can alter wellbeing and agency freedoms. By way of example, we look at community currency (CC) initiatives—trading schemes that are designed and implemented as a supplement to the legal tender money—and employ the three-layered CA to describe and evaluate the effects of acting collectively in such a setting. We also point out what distinguishes such an assessment from other approaches that we have found in the literature on CC. We conclude that a more systematic analysis of collective action through the CA may enable the latter to provide for useful assessments of collective action.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 345-364
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1415870
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1415870
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:345-364
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Srijit Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Srijit
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Author-Name: Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan
Author-X-Name-First: Hippu Salk Kristle
Author-X-Name-Last: Nathan
Title: A MANUSH or HUMANS Characterisation of the Human Development Index
Abstract:
Proposing a set of axioms MANUSH (Monotonicity, Anonymity, Normalisation, Uniformity, Shortfall sensitivity, Hiatus sensitivity to level), this paper evaluates three aggregation methods of computing Human Development Index (HDI). The old measure of HDI, which is a linear average of the three dimensions, satisfies monotonicity, anonymity, and normalisation (or MAN) axioms. The current geometric mean approach additionally satisfies the axiom of uniformity, which penalises unbalanced development across dimensions. We propose ℋα measure, which for α ≥ 2 also satisfies axioms of shortfall sensitivity (emphases on the worse-off to better-off dimensions should be at least in proportion to their shortfalls) and hiatus sensitivity to level (higher overall attainment must simultaneously lead to a reduction in gap across dimensions). Special cases of ℋα are the linear average (α = 1), the displaced ideal (α = 2), and the leximin ordering (α → ∞) methods. For its axiomatic advantages, we propose to make use of the displaced ideal (α = 2) method in the computation of HDI replacing the current geometric mean.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 398-415
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422703
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:398-415
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giulia Greco
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Greco
Author-Name: Jolene Skordis-Worrall
Author-X-Name-First: Jolene
Author-X-Name-Last: Skordis-Worrall
Author-Name: Anne Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Title: Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Women’s Capabilities Index
Abstract:
We report the results of a series of validity and reliability tests performed during the development of the Women’s Capabilities Index (WCI) in Malawi. The WCI is a multidimensional measure based on Sen’s capability framework for assessing women’s quality of life. Construct validity was assessed by investigating the expected relationships of the dimensions with key socioeconomic characteristics. The majority of hypothesized associations were found to be statistically significant in the expected direction. This provides evidence that the index is measuring quality of life as intended in the conceptual model. Further evidence in support of the index’s validity was given by the high degree of correlation between the WCI and another scale measuring comparable (but not identical) domains of quality of life. The results from the internal consistency and the test–retest repeatability also offered encouraging evidence on the reliability of the instrument. This is the first study to rigorously and comprehensively test for validity and reliability a capabilities index for a low-income setting. The results of the validity and reliability tests provide supportive evidence that a locally developed measure of capabilities can be used as a robust tool for the assessment of women’s quality of life.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 271-288
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:271-288
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vilma Seeberg
Author-X-Name-First: Vilma
Author-X-Name-Last: Seeberg
Author-Name: Shujuan Luo
Author-X-Name-First: Shujuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo
Title: Migrating to the City in North West China: Young Rural Women’s Empowerment
Abstract:
China has one of the largest internal migrant populations of the world today, one third of them are estimated to be women. This paper, part of a long-term study, reports on young women migrants from remote villages of North West China who have only recently joined the “floating population” in the urbanization transition. These young female migrants have often been described as multiply deprived. Our approach differs in that we view young migrant women as capable agents and explore what they are able to do and be under admittedly severe constraints and dilemmas. We found that labor migration provided them with resources that they converted to protections and opportunities associated with obtaining paid work, maintaining close-knit beneficial social networks, enacting religious norms and behaviors. Their enhanced instrumental and constitutive capabilities include financial independence, flourishing aspirations, personal agency, remove from patriarchal confines, and personal well-being. This study provides a window into an under-reported, yet substantial demographic transition that constitutes gendered social change enacted by rural young women caught up in the maelstrom of the Chinese urbanization boom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 289-307
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1430752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1430752
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:289-307
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sintayehu Hailu Alemu
Author-X-Name-First: Sintayehu Hailu
Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu
Author-Name: Luuk Van Kempen
Author-X-Name-First: Luuk
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Kempen
Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben
Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben
Title: Women Empowerment Through Self-Help Groups: The Bittersweet Fruits of Collective Apple Cultivation in Highland Ethiopia
Abstract:
This paper deals with the impact of self-help groups (SHGs) in apple production on empowering women in the Chencha district of Southern Ethiopia. Impact is traced on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among SHG members and nonmembers, using propensity score matching. Apart from the attitudinal changes among SHG and non-SHG women, we also scrutinize differences in male attitudes concerning the status of women. The results point towards positive and significant impacts of SHG participation on empowerment at the community level, which suggests that SHGs offer an effective space for women to share information and raise awareness about their rights. This could in turn be harnessed collectively to negotiate more “room to maneuver” in the community. At the same time, however, the data hint at negative effects from group participation at the household level. The attitudinal differences between treatment and control group indicate more conflictive relations between spouses, arguably due to an intensified fight to assert control over household resources. Hence, the evidence is consistent with a potential “backlash effect” from husbands.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 308-330
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1454407
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1454407
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:308-330
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas Philip Simpson
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson
Title: Applying the Capability Approach to Enhance the Conceptualization of Well-being in Environmental Assessment
Abstract:
The integration of social aspects in environmental assessment (EA) remains a contested and challenging issue. This paper outlines how and why ideas from the capability approach (CA) can be useful for the enhanced conceptualization and integration of social aspects in EA, particularly those relating to well-being. A schematic outlines how perceiving impacts on stakeholder capabilities, together with associated environmental impacts, improves conceptualization of the lived condition of affected people in environmental decision-making. This includes their values, needs and aspirations providing the opportunity to minimize harm, as well as enhance potential well-being benefits of a proposed plan, project or policy. Five South African case studies illustrate how a focus on capabilities can illuminate well-being imperatives. They explore the ranking of valued functional capabilities arranged by stakeholders involved in EAs. The aggregate ranking is analysed and compared with other capabilities lists. The findings are discussed in order to elaborate theoretical notions of capabilities and provides exemplars expounding how a focus on what people have good reason to value in their environment, their capabilities, provides an advantageous understanding of their well-being.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 365-397
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1469118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1469118
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:365-397
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annie Austin
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Austin
Title: Human Development in Times of Crisis: Renegotiating Social Justice
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 416-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477434
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477434
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:416-417
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Telleria
Author-X-Name-First: Juan
Author-X-Name-Last: Telleria
Title: Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 419-420
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477435
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477435
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:419-420
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lachlan Summers
Author-X-Name-First: Lachlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Summers
Title: Developing Minds: Psychology, Neoliberalism and Power
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 417-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1477440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1477440
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:417-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tamara Nair
Author-X-Name-First: Tamara
Author-X-Name-Last: Nair
Title: Power, Capability and Cultural Subjects: An Inquiry into “Institutional Neglect” in Participatory Planning
Abstract:
Amartya Sen’s capability approach stresses the importance of social choice and moves away from utilitarian reasoning in development studies. Studies in the developing world have shown how reduced capabilities have compromised the effective participation of marginalized communities in participatory development. Extending Sen’s capability approach through Foucault’s ideas on power and subject creation, by further literature review, I explore the possibilities of examining the origins of institutional neglect of marginalized communities in Kerala, India. Concepts of normalization and homogenization through the workings of traditional sources of power are put forward as a basis for these communities’ disenfranchisement. From here, I argue that a reassessment of the state’s decentralized development by reviewing cultural contexts surrounding public participation and by adopting a multilevel approach to understanding complex power arrangements, thereby going beyond an economic framing of development, are ways of ensuring effective democratic decentralization. These steps are imperative if development objectives are to be met and sustained.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 331-344
Issue: 3
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1484710
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1484710
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:3:p:331-344
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Defending the Need for a Foundational Epistemic Capability in Education
Abstract:
The paper takes up Sen’s concerns with education on the one hand and public reasoning on the other, and shows that his concerns require that formal education develop a capability that potentially fosters inclusive public reasoning in all students. Drawing on and extending Miranda Fricker’s work, and informed by a global South positionality and empirical research, the argument is made for an epistemic capability that includes attention to the cognitive and knowledge but also to a domain of sharing and giving values. How this capability can be fostered and how it can also be thwarted is discussed. Finally, a concern with how an adequate living standard underpins this epistemic capability and the goodness of an educational life that a student can lead is considered. Overall, the paper argues that education—and fostering an epistemic capability—can make a crucial contribution to inclusive reasoning and democratic participation in a (more) just society.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 218-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536695
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:218-232
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naila Kabeer
Author-X-Name-First: Naila
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabeer
Title: Randomized Control Trials and Qualitative Evaluations of a Multifaceted Programme for Women in Extreme Poverty: Empirical Findings and Methodological Reflections
Abstract:
This paper sets out to synthesize key lessons from studies using alternative methodologies to impact assessment. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach as a conceptual framework, it analyses two pairs of impact assessments which were carried out in West Bengal and Sindh around the same time and within close proximity to each other. Each pair consisted of a randomized control trial and a qualitative assessment of attempts to pilot BRAC’s approach to transferring assets to women in extreme poverty. The paper reports on the findings of these studies, their strategies for establishing their claims about causality and the information base they drew on to establish these claims. It finds that not only did the RCTs fail to meet their own criteria for establishing causality, but they also provided very limited explanation for the patterns of outcomes observed. Such information formed the substance of the qualitative studies. The paper concludes that greater use of mixed methods could help to offset some of limitations of RCTs and to place their findings on much firmer ground.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 197-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536696
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:197-217
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T. M. Scanlon
Author-X-Name-First: T. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Scanlon
Title: Forms of Hypothetical Justification
Abstract:
A critical discussion of the appeal, in various contexts, of ideas of hypothetical agreement, with particular reference to Amartya Sen's criticism of John Rawls' Original Position argument, and to Sen's ideas of “membership entitlement” and “enlightenment relevance.”
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 127-133
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1536970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1536970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:127-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Preface: Amartya Sen and the HDCA
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 124-126
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1558922
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1558922
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:124-126
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: On “Affluent Philosophy” and Future Generations: Amartya Sen and Tim Mulgan’s “Broken World”
Abstract:
In Tim Mulgan’s imaginary “broken world” survivors of catastrophic climate change (or some other disaster) cannot invariably meet their basic needs. Mulgan provides lectures on the moral philosophy of an earlier “affluent age” in which Amartya Sen appears briefly as an “affluent thinker.” I argue that some of Sen’s work is highly relevant to the concerns of survivors in part because it focusses on conditions of extreme deprivation and survival. While Sen has written about sustainability and environmental concerns both at a foundational level as well as in his work on India, critics may argue that he has failed to engage adequately with these issues. I explore this line of criticism and make some points which are relevant to its evaluation including some which count in Sen’s defence. I also argue that Sen’s ideas influenced Derek Parfit’s seminal work, and are relevant to the subsequent philosophical literature, on future generations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-161
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1563053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1563053
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:145-161
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. R. Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: S. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Rationality, Behavioural Economics and Amartya Sen
Abstract:
Recent developments in behavioural economics have posed a serious challenge to the assumption of rational choice underlying economic models. In particular, a number of so-called ‘anomalies’ in actual behaviour have been identified that are claimed to conflict with the implications of rational behaviour. This paper critically examines a number of such anomalies and tries to assess how far they actually challenge the precepts of rational choice. This assessment is made in the light of Amartya Sen’s critique and refinement of rational choice theory. Using the lens of Sen’s analysis, the paper finds that (a) many of the anomalies do not pose any challenge at all to even the narrowest version of the rational choice model, (b) some do challenge the narrow versions but not the broader ones, and (c) a few genuinely call for extending rational choice foundations of economic theory more radically – especially, in ways that Sen has been advocating for a long time.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 162-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1565631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1565631
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:162-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jayati Ghosh
Author-X-Name-First: Jayati
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh
Title: The Uses and Abuses of Inequality
Abstract:
Social inequalities obviously affect human capabilities and are undesirable from a welfare standpoint. But they may actually be useful for particular growth trajectories, by creating segmented labour markets that reduce production costs. Some patterns of growth may rely on such inequalities and thereby accentuate and perpetuate them. In extreme cases, “modernising” capitalism, instead of destroying traditional forms of social oppression and discrimination, can strengthen pre-existing social inequalities. Two examples from India illustrate this: the significance of unpaid and underpaid care work that both relies upon and reinforces gender-based inequalities; and the persistence of dehumanising forms of work such as manual scavenging and unprotected sanitation work, that rely upon caste discrimination. To avoid the most regressive and oppressive socio-cultural tendencies of the past being strengthened by the operations of capitalism, policy interventions need to reiterate the core principles of ensuring human freedom and dignity in the economic sphere as well.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 181-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574282
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574282
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:181-196
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Kaldor
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaldor
Title: The Resurgence of Singular Identities: Possible Explanations
Abstract:
This article is a reflection on Sen's book Identity and Violence and its relevance in explaining the rise of sectarian narratives world-wide. It makes three arguments. First what Sen calls “singular” or “unidimensional” identities, which tend to be binary or “either/or” identities, are not merely a determinant of violence, as Sen argues, but also an outcome of violence setting in motion a self-reinforcing logic. Second the rise of singular identities is associated with top-down authoritarian regimes who manipulate identity as a way of deflecting democratic pressures. Thirdly the contemporary rise of singular identities can be explained in terms of the spread of what is known as globalisation, including growing interconnectedness that broken down the congruence between the state and the economy, new forms of communication including social media that are more conducive to fragmentary horizontal identities than was the traditional media associated with print and television, and thirdly the increasing reliance on rent as a source of revenue for many states that weakens the social contract between state and citizen. The article concludes that these tendencies are not inevitable and it is possible to envisage the emergence of “both/and” identities that could underpin a lyering of global governance.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 134-144
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574291
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:134-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Selim Jahan
Author-X-Name-First: Selim
Author-X-Name-Last: Jahan
Title: Human Development and Universalism: From Ideas to Policies
Abstract:
Human development is about the freedom to realize the full potential of every human life, not just for a few, not for the most, but of all lives in every corner of the world—now and in the future. Human development is for everyone and that universalism is at the core of the human development concept and framework. The paper argues that universalism as a principle is one thing, translating it into practice is another. That is where practical universalism comes in, the first steps of which are identifying the groups, which have been left behind in the human development journey and analyzing the barriers to universalism. The paper emphasizes that mapping of those left out is necessary and so is the identification of barriers, but not enough. Some fundamental issues of the human development framework—both in terms of notions as well as measurements—need to be addressed to move towards universal human development. Furthermore, universal human development would also require policy actions at the national level and reforms of global institutions. The paper concludes with the fundamental point that ensuring human development for everyone would require reaching those first who are farthest behind.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 233-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574726
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:233-250
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaushik Basu
Author-X-Name-First: Kaushik
Author-X-Name-Last: Basu
Author-Name: Ravi Kanbur
Author-X-Name-First: Ravi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanbur
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Introduction to the Special Issue in Celebration of Amartya Sen's 85th Birthday
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 119-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1603593
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1603593
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:2:p:119-123
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Human Capabilities and Animal Lives: Conflict, Wonder, Law: A Symposium
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 317-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342382
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342382
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:317-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Linch
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Linch
Author-Name: Breena Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Breena
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Title: Cultural Killing and Human–Animal Capability Conflict
Abstract:
The capabilities approach provides a promising basis for developing a theory of interspecies justice grounded in the inherent dignity of all sentient striving beings. As currently formulated, the approach provides guidance for identifying the entitlements of each being, but not for managing tradeoffs between the capabilities of humans and nonhumans. Through considering cultural practices that put human capabilities in conflict with the capabilities of animals, we propose and defend two criteria for evaluating practices that harm animals for human purposes. The adaptability criterion, derived from Nussbaum’s work on capabilities for humans, distinguishes practices that preserve the ability of people to exert ethical agency in a context of changing values and material circumstances. The regulatory criterion, derived from consideration of the interdependence of human and animal capabilities, distinguishes practices that foster the skills and habits people need to create an ecologically just social order. In applying these criteria to cases of human-animal capability conflict, we demonstrate their potential to resolve such conflicts in a way that redresses the effects of colonization and domination, while appreciating – but not romanticizing – the knowledge and ecological respect of people who once lived in less destructive relationships with other species.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 322-336
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342383
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342383
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:322-336
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy David Bendik-Keymer
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy David
Author-X-Name-Last: Bendik-Keymer
Title: The Reasonableness of Wonder
Abstract:
Nussbaum’s politics of wonder focuses on non-human animals. However, the sense of wonder within it also applies to human beings. Can wonder in Nussbaum’s sense be helpful when articulating justice between people on politically liberal grounds? I argue that it can because it helps us consider our specific form of striving, that is, human freedom, in comparison and contrast with other kinds of living striving. Thereby it keeps in view striving as such. To make my case, I show how wonder in Nussbaum’s sense is helpful for Rawls’s core legitimation scenes of democratic fairness, the original position, and public reasoning. Furthermore, wonder is not objectionable in these scenes, since it brings into view the considerability of life, such that life should not be used without a good enough reason, on the basis of which any socialized conception of how to live well ought to proceed. Thus an environmental sensibility has a useful place within mainstream liberal justice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 337-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342385
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342385
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:337-355
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Nussbaum Wichert
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum Wichert
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Scientific Whaling? The Scientific Research Exception and the Future of the International Whaling Commission
Abstract:
Whales are complex creatures with diverse capacities for intelligence, playfulness, esthetic expression, and social learning. And yet they have not been granted legal “standing” as beings with rights to this species-specific form of life. For this reason, whales continue to be hunted and killed for both commercial and “scientific” purposes. This paper examines the whaling industry and its impact on whales’ species-specific form of life, and presents a theoretical framework for reconciling the conflicting claims of whales and human scientists. We pay particular attention to the International Whaling Commission’s 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the controversial “scientific” exception built into this moratorium, which allows the killing of whales for vaguely defined scientific purposes. We also focus on the 2014 International Court of Justice ruling that Japan’s program of scientific whaling in the Antarctic violated international law; Japan’s decision to continue a revised form of the program despite the ruling; and the resistance that this program has met from marine activists. Finally we argue that any theoretical framework that does justice to whale life must go beyond a utilitarian or rights-based approach, and instead must focus on the distinct capabilities of whales as they live their lives unencumbered by human killing. This approach enables us to protect spheres of choice and characteristic life-activities for whales, while also articulating what a contemporary scientific inquiry into whale life should and should not include. With this framework developed, we present policy recommendations for the International Whaling Commission, anti-whaling activists, and individual nations interested in protecting the rights of whales.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 356-369
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342386
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:356-369
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Marmot
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Marmot
Title: Capabilities, Human Flourishing and the Health Gap
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 370-383
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342362
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342362
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:370-383
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Merridy
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom
Title: Disrupting Structural Inequalities of Higher Education Opportunity: “Grit”, Resilience and Capabilities at a South African University
Abstract:
Given the extent of inequalities of higher education opportunities in many contexts, this paper investigates how students from marginalized backgrounds make it to university, gaining access “against the odds”. While it is becoming increasingly common to draw on notions of individualized responsibility, such as the construct of “grit”, to explain persistence in challenging situations, this paper argues that individualized understandings are insufficient to take account of the interaction between individual agency and social contexts from which the capability for educational resilience emerges. The argument is theoretically grounded in the capabilities approach, and empirically on narrative interviews with South African first year students from marginalized backgrounds. The paper identifies three internal capabilities that underpin resilient responses of students, and shows how these internal capabilities are influenced, positively and negatively, by conversion factors at the levels of family, school and community.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 384-398
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270919
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:384-398
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amarakoon Bandara
Author-X-Name-First: Amarakoon
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandara
Author-Name: Rajeev Dehejia
Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev
Author-X-Name-Last: Dehejia
Author-Name: Shaheen Lavie-Rouse
Author-X-Name-First: Shaheen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lavie-Rouse
Title: Access to Household Resources and Human Development: Evidence from Survey Data for Tanzania
Abstract:
We use five rounds of two large-scale surveys conducted in Tanzania to explore the two-way relationship between household resources and human development. Several indicators for household resources have been used in the exercise. We find systematic evidence of a relationship in both directions, with household resources enhancing human development and human development feeding into increased resources. While the overall results do indicate a positive relationship between household resources and human development, the magnitude of the effects of key indicators such as income per capita and expenditure per capita on human development outcomes is sobering. However, we see larger effects of household resource variables such as durable assets and wealth on human development outcomes. While household resources is likely to be a primary driver of progress in human development indicators in Tanzania, results seem to suggest its limitations and potential in future human development gains. We also find strong positive effects of human development aspects such as literacy, schooling and food security on household resources. Household resources at the regional level tend to drive human development in females, in terms of access to health care, more than males.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 399-423
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270920
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:399-423
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Schoonover
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoonover
Title: Anger and Forgiveness: Resentment, Generosity, Justice
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 424-425
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342372
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:424-425
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caterina Arciprete
Author-X-Name-First: Caterina
Author-X-Name-Last: Arciprete
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Title: A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 425-427
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342368
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342368
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:425-427
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ghasem Torabi
Author-X-Name-First: Ghasem
Author-X-Name-Last: Torabi
Title: The Regional Roots of Russia’s Political Regime
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 427-428
Issue: 3
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1342375
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1342375
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:427-428
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: What, if Anything, is Wrong with Extreme Wealth?
Abstract:
This paper proposes a view, called limitarianism, which suggests that there should be upper limits to the amount of income and wealth a person can hold. One argument for limitarianism is that superriches can undermine political equality. The other reason is that it would be better if the surplus money that superrich households have were to be used to meet unmet urgent needs and local and global collective action problems. A particular urgent case of the latter is climate change. The paper discusses one objection to limitarianism, and draws some conclusions for society, as well as for the human development paradigm and the capability approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 251-266
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1633734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1633734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:251-266
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avner de Shalit
Author-X-Name-First: Avner
Author-X-Name-Last: de Shalit
Title: The Functioning of Having a Sense of Place: Cities and Immigrants
Abstract:
When immigrants arrive to their city of destination, both the immigrants and the veterans are at a risk of losing their sense of place, which is an important functioning. Can this functioning be secured in the context of immigration? I argue that it can, as indeed Amsterdam and Thessaloniki, the two cities studied here, do rather successfully.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 267-279
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1612547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1612547
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:267-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Santiago Levy
Author-X-Name-First: Santiago
Author-X-Name-Last: Levy
Title: Social Insurance, Human Development and Social Cohesion
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 280-296
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1612548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1612548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:280-296
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niall Ó Murchú
Author-X-Name-First: Niall
Author-X-Name-Last: Ó Murchú
Title: Education and Agency Freedom in Du Bois and Sen
Abstract:
Education and Agency Freedom in Du Bois and Sen What is the role of education in human development? WEB Du Bois and Amartya Sen confront this classic question in The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Development as Freedom (1999) and each rejects the narrow common sense of his times. Sen provides a multidimensional understanding of education as having (1) direct relevance in enhancing individual freedom; (2) indirect political relevance in enhancing individual citizenship and collective democracy; and (3) indirect economic relevance in increasing opportunities and economic growth. Du Bois holds that liberal and basic education will enhance individual and group agency for exercising citizenship and securing opportunity. He anticipates Amartya Sen’s “agency-oriented” capability approach, where one’s well-being functionings depend on the agency freedom to exercise reasoned choices. Du Bois’s analysis of the Black freedom struggle against Jim Crow highlights the necessity of education for agency freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 297-310
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1635093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1635093
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:297-310
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dulce Carolina Mendoza Cazarez
Author-X-Name-First: Dulce Carolina
Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza Cazarez
Title: Factors Affecting School Dropout and Completion in Mexico: Does Agency Matter?
Abstract:
This paper examines which factors influence the opportunities of completing upper-secondary education in Mexico, rather than dropping out of it. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach and Bourdieu’s sociocultural-reproduction perspective, two research hypotheses are formulated to provide possible explanations of persons’ decisions to reach higher levels of schooling. These hypotheses are tested using data from Mexico’s First Survey of School Dropouts, carried out in 2011. The results of this study indicate that the probabilities of completing upper-secondary education are associated with several factors: socioeconomic and demographic variables, the type of upper-secondary institution attended, human agency and educational experiences. The evidence presented in this study supports research hypotheses based on Sen’s and Bourdieu’s approaches. Regarding the hypothesis from the capability approach, the study data show that human agency is not only intrinsically valuable but also instrumentally important, for reaching higher educational levels. The findings of this study also bear out Bourdieu’s argument that cultural and economic capital contribute to explain why students make progress in school, although, this paper challenges Bourdieu’s view of the role of freedom of educational choice. Finally, some implications for educational policies are discussed in the last section of this paper.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 311-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1609917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1609917
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:311-328
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Ellorenco
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ellorenco
Author-Name: Mendiola Teng-Calleja
Author-X-Name-First: Mendiola
Author-X-Name-Last: Teng-Calleja
Author-Name: Donald Jay Bertulfo
Author-X-Name-First: Donald Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: Bertulfo
Author-Name: Jose Antonio Clemente
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Clemente
Author-Name: Ma. Ligaya Menguito
Author-X-Name-First: Ma. Ligaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Menguito
Title: Work-Nonwork Spillover of Wage Justice through Work Capabilities in Low and Middle Income Workers
Abstract:
Wage justice literature asserts that it is the perceived fairness of pay (based on comparison others) instead of actual pay that matters most to an employee. This study therefore investigates the spillover effect of wage justice on life capabilities in the Philippines. It is hypothesized that wage justice will influence life capability through work capabilities such as job empowerment, job satisfaction, and occupational pride. Using data from the Institute of Philippine Culture study on living wages of 500 individuals, a structural equation model was estimated to test the spillover effect. Findings confirms the hypothesis that wage justice influences life capabilities (life satisfaction and physical well-being) through work capabilities. Implications for research on wage justice and capabilities as well as to people management practices in work organizations are discussed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 329-344
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631269
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:329-344
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert
Title: Keeping the Flock Together
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 347-350
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:347-350
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pepi Patrón
Author-X-Name-First: Pepi
Author-X-Name-Last: Patrón
Title: On Ingrid Robeyns’, Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice—Framework vs Theories: a Dialogue with Martha Nussbaum
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 351-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:351-356
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry S. Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Henry S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Well-being and the Capability Approach: Reflections on Robeyns
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 357-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:357-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian Culp
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Culp
Title: Two Tales of the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 362-367
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1631984
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1631984
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:362-367
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Reply to my Critics
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 368-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1640976
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1640976
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:3:p:368-374
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-Name: Christopher Houghton Budd
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Houghton Budd
Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Title: Social Innovation and the Capability Approach—Introduction to the Special Issue
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 141-147
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1316002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1316002
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:141-147
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi
Author-Name: Daniel Edmiston
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Edmiston
Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Title: Tackling Marginalisation through Social Innovation? Examining the EU Social Innovation Policy Agenda from a Capabilities Perspective
Abstract:
This paper demonstrates that the capabilities approach offers a number of conceptual and evaluative benefits for understanding social innovation and—in particular, its capacity to tackle marginalisation. Focusing on the substantive freedoms and achieved functionings of individuals introduces a multidimensional, plural appreciation of disadvantage, but also of the strategies to overcome it. In light of this, and the institutional embeddedness of marginalisation, effective social innovation capable of tackling marginalisation depends on (a) the participation of marginalised individuals in (b) a process that addresses the social structuration of their disadvantage. In spite of the high-level ideals endorsed by the European Union (EU), social innovation tends to be supported through EU policy instruments as a means towards the maintenance of prevailing institutions, networks and cognitive ends. This belies the transformative potential of social innovation emphasised in EU policy documentation and neglects the social structuration processes from which social needs and societal challenges arise. One strategy of displacing institutional dominance is to incorporate groups marginalised from multiple institutional and cognitive centres into the policy design and implementation process. This incorporates multiple value sets into the policy-making process to promote social innovation that is grounded in the doings and beings that all individuals have reason to value.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 148-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1256277
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1256277
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:148-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jürgen Howaldt
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Howaldt
Author-Name: Michael Schwarz
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwarz
Title: Social Innovation and Human Development—How the Capabilities Approach and Social Innovation Theory Mutually Support Each Other
Abstract:
In light of the growing importance of social innovations in addressing the big social challenges, this article examines the need to develop a concept of social innovation as an analytical category. As such, social innovation is grounded in social theory, which looks at its various manifestations, actors and cultural contexts as well as its interrelationship with processes of social change. With recourse to social practice theories and the social theory of Gabriel Tarde, social innovations are analyzed as an intentional new figuration of social practices and as a generative mechanism of social change. Based on the outlined social-theoretical foundation of social innovations, the various interactions between social practices, social innovations and concepts of human development are discussed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 163-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1251401
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1251401
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:163-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meera Tiwari
Author-X-Name-First: Meera
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari
Title: Exploring the Role of the Capability Approach in Social Innovation
Abstract:
The emergence of the co-operative movement in the nineteenth century with Robert Owen’s work in particular promoted innovation in the social field. In more recent times, the application of the concept has been in a wide range of sectors from civil society, government and the corporate world. The paper uses the Capability Approach (CA) to understand the human dimensions of social innovation (SI). In doing so, the paper draws attention to the complementarities between the CA and SI. Four case studies from different domains are deployed to further the understanding of the SI using a CA lens. The findings offer a new insight into SI in terms of the CA that maybe relevant in a wide range of domains.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 181-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1271312
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1271312
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:181-196
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solava Ibrahim
Author-X-Name-First: Solava
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim
Title: How to Build Collective Capabilities: The 3C-Model for Grassroots-Led Development
Abstract:
Capabilities need to be built from the bottom-up. Social innovations at the grassroots seek to present new solutions to existing social problems. However, since the poor suffer from limitations on their individual capabilities and agency, they engage in acts of collective agency to generate new collective capabilities that each individual alone would not be able to achieve. The question is: how can these acts of collective agency be initiated, supported and sustained in practice? What roles can development actors (such as the state, donors and NGOs) play in supporting these acts of collective agency? Drawing on the literature on social innovation, the capability approach, participation and empowerment, the paper argues that three crucial C-processes are integral conditions for promoting successful, scalable and sustainable social innovations at the grassroots, namely: (1) Conscientization; (2) Conciliation and (3) Collaboration. By linking the individual, collective and institutional levels of analysis, the paper demonstrates the importance of individual behavioural changes, collective agency and local institutional reforms for the success, sustainability and scalability of social innovations at the grassroots. The paper acknowledges conflict, capture and cooptation as potential limitations and recognizes the role of contextual factors in initiating, implementing and sustaining social innovations at the grassroots.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 197-222
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270918
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:197-222
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel R. Matthews
Author-X-Name-First: Joel R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews
Title: Understanding Indigenous Innovation in Rural West Africa: Challenges to Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Current Social Innovation Practice
Abstract:
Most social innovation (SI) work done in developing countries is carried out through development agencies that focus on initiating innovations and processes, and establishing institutions that cultivate a change-oriented mindset. I offer a general critique of that approach and I link that critique with my observations from 15 years living and working among rural indigenous people in West Africa. I suggest that, not only do much of the SI processes fail to show respect for the creativity and intelligence of indigenous people, they tend to come packaged with exogenous participatory processes, encourage scaling-up, and ignore innovation that is already occurring. These arguments set the stage for an examination of a system of innovation that I discovered operating in a Hausa village in Niger. This system not only challenges the most important theory explaining the adoption and spread of ideas, the diffusion of innovations, it also demonstrates how indigenous people in one of the poorest countries on earth are innovating without intervention or support from development agencies. I complete the paper by suggesting that in some cases more sensible SI can be facilitated by discovering and supporting indigenous processes of innovation rather than by focusing on initiating change.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 223-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270917
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:223-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Almas Fortunatus Mazigo
Author-X-Name-First: Almas Fortunatus
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazigo
Title: Promoting Social Innovation Through Action Research: Evidence from an Empirical Study in the Fisheries Sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania
Abstract:
This paper highlights the important role of action research in triggering and promoting social innovation processes in communities. By conceptualising social innovation as a process involving the development and delivery of new ideas for improving human capabilities and social relations, we argue that well-designed and well-executed action research can provide participants with opportunities to reflect on and develop shared understandings of individual and societal challenges and their possible solutions. Well-designed and well-executed action research also can provide participants with opportunities to critique and test proposed novel ideas, strategies, services and products, thereby determining their effectiveness or ineffectiveness in facilitating the realisation of envisioned social, economic and political goals. Drawing on evidence from empirical research undertaken in the fisheries sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania, where small-scale fishers cogently argued for and positioned themselves as “constrained wealth creators” instead of poor actors, we illustrate how the provision of adequate spaces for dialogue enables the unveiling of innovative ideas and solutions to individual, sectoral and societal challenges.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 239-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1256276
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1256276
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:239-257
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Pellicer-Sifres
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Pellicer-Sifres
Author-Name: Sergio Belda-Miquel
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio
Author-X-Name-Last: Belda-Miquel
Author-Name: Aurora López-Fogués
Author-X-Name-First: Aurora
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Fogués
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Aristizábal
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni Aristizábal
Title: Grassroots Social Innovation for Human Development: An Analysis of Alternative Food Networks in the City of Valencia (Spain)
Abstract:
This paper explores the contribution the capability approach (CA) and grassroots innovation (GI) literature makes to a better understanding of the complexity, richness and specificity of bottom-up processes of social innovation (SI), and their specific contribution to social transformation. Using a purely qualitative methodology, the paper addresses a case study—organic food buying groups in the city of Valencia—and examines them through the lenses of SI, GI and CA. By taking four concurrent dimensions of the SI literature (agents, purposes, drivers and processes) and cross-fertilising them with the bottom-up, people-driven character of GI, and the concepts of agency, capabilities, deliberative democracy and conversion factors from the CA, the paper creates a novel framework that we call Grassroots Social Innovation for Human Development. The analysis shows the potentiality of this novel framework to illustrate the elements that a bottom-up SI process should include in order to contribute to human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 258-274
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270916
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:258-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sundeep Sahay
Author-X-Name-First: Sundeep
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahay
Author-Name: Geoff Walsham
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff
Author-X-Name-Last: Walsham
Title: Information Technology, Innovation and Human Development: Hospital Information Systems in an Indian State
Abstract:
This paper addresses the topic of how innovation based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to human development. A theoretical framework is developed in two stages. Firstly, ICT-based innovation is conceptualized as involving technological, social and institutional innovations. Secondly, Sen’s capability approach is drawn on to theorize how such innovations can contribute to human development. The theoretical framework is used as a basis to explore a rich case study of the development and use of a hospital information system within the public sector of the State of Himachal Pradesh in India. The paper analyses both the potential that the system has to promote positive development outcomes in the State, but also the challenges which constrain that impact. Three human development themes are identified and discussed: strengthening processes to include the disadvantaged; empowering the patient and making communal voices count. Finally, it is argued that the theoretical approach in the paper may have applicability in other contexts where ICT-based innovations are aiming to support human development outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 275-292
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1270913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1270913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:275-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Author-Name: György Molnár
Author-X-Name-First: György
Author-X-Name-Last: Molnár
Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi
Title: Creating (Economic) Space for Social Innovation
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 293-298
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1301897
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1301897
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:293-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Enrico Testi
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico
Author-X-Name-Last: Testi
Author-Name: Marco Bellucci
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellucci
Title: Enabling Ecosystems for Social Enterprises and Social Innovation: A Capability Approach Perspective
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 299-306
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1306690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1306690
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:299-306
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dmitri Domanski
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitri
Author-X-Name-Last: Domanski
Author-Name: Jürgen Howaldt
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Howaldt
Author-Name: Antonius Schröder
Author-X-Name-First: Antonius
Author-X-Name-Last: Schröder
Title: Social Innovation in Latin America
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 307-312
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1299698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1299698
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:307-312
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inga T. Winkler
Author-X-Name-First: Inga T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Winkler
Title: Food Security in South Africa: Human Rights and Entitlement Perspectives
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 313-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1294751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1294751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:313-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Séverine Deneulin
Author-X-Name-First: Séverine
Author-X-Name-Last: Deneulin
Title: The Good Life: Aspiration, Dignity, and the Anthropology of Wellbeing
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 314-316
Issue: 2
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1294750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1294750
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:2:p:314-316
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annie Austin
Author-X-Name-First: Annie
Author-X-Name-Last: Austin
Title: Turning Capabilities into Functionings: Practical Reason as an Activation Factor
Abstract:
Practical reasoning is central to the capabilities approach. This paper sets out a new account of the role of practical reasoning in capability. Practical reasoning involves the development and evolution of an individual’s conception of the good—the kind of life she values and has reason to value. It is developed through socialization, and is subject to background social conditioning that may be empowering or constraining. As such, practical reasoning can be a subjective constraint on capability. This paper introduces a distinction between a person’s objective capability set and her effective capability set. Objective capabilities are determined by a configuration of commodities and conversion factors at the individual, social and environmental levels. Practical reasoning guides the act of choice that determines which element of the objective capability set will be actualized; effective capabilities are the real opportunities available to a person, given the filtering effects of her mode of practical reasoning. Practical reason can be conceptualized as an “Activation Factor” that mediates between hypothetical capability and achieved functioning. The paper concludes that practical reasoning deserves particular attention in social evaluations in the capability space: acknowledging the role of practical reasoning can help to illuminate gaps between freedom in principle and real positive freedom.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 24-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1364225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1364225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:24-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Political Agency and Capabilities Formation Through Participatory Action Research
Abstract:
This paper draws on a participatory action research (PAR) project as a potential space for undergraduate students at one South African university to develop as political agents. Participation and reasoning, grounded in reciprocal relationships, which are fundamental in a PAR project are introduced. The contributions of the capability approach and the case for the significance of relational capabilities of voice and participation as both objectively and ethically good is proposed, before turning to Arendt as a partner to capabilities in her conceptualization of speech and action as constituting the public sphere through participation. The claim is made that a PAR project might establish such a public space thereby enabling political agents to “appear”; this is especially important in connecting PAR to democratic actions. The paper turns to the operationalization of these ideas by considering empirical data from a gender equity PAR project at a South African university. The evidence suggests the possibility for the formation of student researchers as political agents and identifies the relational and relationship-embedded political subjectivity capabilities that matter for personal and collective development and change. In conclusion, the paper argues that a PAR project can be capabilities-promoting, advancing freedoms so that subjects can come into being in a common project, even if that project is temporary.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 53-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1392934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1392934
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:53-69
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tania Burchardt
Author-X-Name-First: Tania
Author-X-Name-Last: Burchardt
Author-Name: Rod Hick
Author-X-Name-First: Rod
Author-X-Name-Last: Hick
Title: Inequality, Advantage and the Capability Approach
Abstract:
Inequality has acquired a newfound prominence in the academic and political debate. While scholars working with the capability approach (CA) have succeeded in influencing the conceptualisation and measurement of poverty, which is increasingly understood in multidimensional terms, recent scholarship on inequality focusses overwhelmingly on economic forms of inequality, and especially on inequalities in income and wealth. In this paper, we outline how the conceptual framework of the CA (focussing on ends rather than means, multidimensionality, and recognising the value of freedoms as well as attained functionings) has the potential to enrich the study of distributional inequality through offering a rationale for why inequality matters, exploring the association between different forms of inequality, and providing an analysis of power. But applying the CA in the context of advantage exacerbates some existing challenges to the approach (defining a capability list, and the non-observability of capabilities) and brings some fresh ones (especially insensitivity at the top of the distribution). We recommend a stronger and clearer distinction between concepts and measures. Capability inequality is a more appropriate and potentially revealing conceptual apparatus, but economic resources are likely to remain a crucial metric for understanding distributional inequality for the foreseeable future.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 38-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395396
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:38-52
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy Weidel
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Weidel
Title: Moving Towards a Capability for Meaningful Labor
Abstract:
Martha Nussbaum argues that the capability approach to human development is grounded in an intuitive conception of what a life worthy of human dignity entails. This image is coupled with a conception of truly human functionings as a measure for development. It is not enough to establish what goods people require, but rather to consider what they can actually do or become with those goods. Nussbaum acknowledges that the philosophical grounding for her list of central human capabilities is influenced by Aristotle through the early Marx. Despite admitting this influence, I argue that Nussbaum's incorporation omits a central facet of Marx's image of truly dignified humans: the importance of meaningful labor. This omission seriously undercuts the possibility of the capabilities approach providing persons with a life worthy of human dignity. In this paper, I develop and defend an argument for including a capability for meaningful labor in Nussbaum's list of central human capabilities. After an explication of Marx's understanding of a fully human life, I will discuss the limits of Nussbaum's capabilities list with respect to the topic of meaningful labor. I also consider how Nussbaum's discussion of a capability to hold property elucidates both the necessity and feasibility of a capability for meaningful labor. Lastly, I consider some potential political implications of this proposed capability.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 70-88
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1408575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1408575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:70-88
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Breena Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Breena
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Title: Working With and For Animals—A Response to Nussbaum
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 19-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1418960
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1418960
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:19-23
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Working with and for Animals: Getting the Theoretical Framework Right
Abstract:
Two common approaches to the ethics of animal welfare are profoundly defective. One, an anthropocentric approach that orders forms of life by their likeness to human life, fails to grasp the variety and complexity of animal lives. A second, the Utilitarian approach, does better by seeing that pain is ubiquitously bad, but it does not articulate the diverse ways in which animal lives can be thwarted. I argue that a version of the Capabilities approach does much better, directing law and policy well. I develop this approach and confront it with a number of difficult questions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 2-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1418963
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1418963
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:2-18
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David A. Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Gay Meeks
Author-X-Name-First: Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Meeks
Title: The Canniness of Ought
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 103-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421014
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:103-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dalila De Rosa
Author-X-Name-First: Dalila
Author-X-Name-Last: De Rosa
Title: The Civil Side of Economy: On the Extraordinariness of Ordinary Human Beings
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 112-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:112-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lori Keleher
Author-X-Name-First: Lori
Author-X-Name-Last: Keleher
Title: The Demanding Task of Limiting Demandingness
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 91-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421031
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:91-96
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Gutwald
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Gutwald
Title: Why People Do What Others Do: And Why That Is Sometimes Good and Sometimes Bad
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 97-102
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1421032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1421032
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:97-102
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti
Title: Message from the Editor
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-1
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1422680
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422680
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:1-1
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Lichtenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Lichtenberg
Title: Reply
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 118-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1426405
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1426405
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:118-120
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angelina Fisher
Author-X-Name-First: Angelina
Author-X-Name-Last: Fisher
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Title: Introduction—Data, Knowledge, Politics and Localizing the SDGs
Abstract:
This special issue explores the workings of global goals as an instrument of global governance by numbers. These goals can alter power relations, affect the distribution of resources, reorganize national and local priorities, create perverse incentives for performance, and produce narratives that shape thinking and communication. As the articles in the 2014 JHDC special issue showed, the MDGs had complex, often distorting, consequences which were often in tension with the (intangible and difficult to quantify) principles of equity, human agency and participation as the cornerstone of development. This issue focuses on SDGs and includes five case studies of this localization process in aid programming in the Valencia, national reporting by Sweden, farming collectives in South Africa, indigenous communities in Australia and New Zealand, and infrastructure development in Ecuador and Pakistan. A sixth paper examines the role of metrics in including Neglected Tropical Diseases in the SDGs. These papers are diverse in the research questions they ask but engage with the common themes of global goals as a tool of global governance and their disruptive effects on power structures. Using the framework of data infrastructure—means of collection and analysis, social structures amongst actors, knowledge systems—this introduction highlights the insights that emerge.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 375-385
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1669144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1669144
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:375-385
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergio Belda-Miquel
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio
Author-X-Name-Last: Belda-Miquel
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Carola Calabuig
Author-X-Name-First: Carola
Author-X-Name-Last: Calabuig
Title: SDG Localisation and Decentralised Development Aid: Exploring Opposing Discourses and Practices in Valencia's Aid Sector
Abstract:
The approval of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has generated intense debates in the aid sector at the global, national and subnational levels. A key question is whether they can address structural problems in development aid policies and practices, such as the lack of accountability and coherence, unequal power relations, or depoliticisation. It seems that this will depend on how the agenda is adopted in the various territories as well as on the different interests at play.We address this question by studying the case of the Valencian Autonomous region. This is the territory in Spain where institutions have been the most active in establishing the SDGs at the core of the political discourses.We follow a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews with key respondents from the public, civil society and university sectors, participant observation, and the analysis of secondary information. Inspired by critical discourse analysis, we explore the varying and conflicting discourses regarding the potential of SDGs to address the problems of aid, and on the impacts that its adoption are producing. We illustrate that the introduction of SDGs in aid policies is a conflictive process modelled by the power dynamics.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 386-402
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1624512
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1624512
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:386-402
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magdalena Bexell
Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena
Author-X-Name-Last: Bexell
Author-Name: Kristina Jönsson
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Jönsson
Title: Country Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals—The Politics of Performance Review at the Global-National Nexus
Abstract:
With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), debates on governance through goal-setting and performance review have gained momentum. In this article, we explore how the politics of performance review played out in public sustainable development reporting at the global-national nexus. By examining the case of Swedish reporting to the United Nations High Level Political Forum in 2017, we find policy translation, accountability preparation and identity formation to be key functions of SDG reporting. We draw attention to the performative and political features of these functions in the sustainable development realm. With a fast approaching deadline, policy translation of global indicators to the national context glossed over politically contentious issues. Reporting served to enable peer review among governments rather than hierarchical accountability of domestic politics. Moreover, the identity formation function of SDG reporting was strong on the international stage while domestically it was challenged by broader political struggles. In conclusion, our study bears witness of the formative power of public reporting for SDG governance. We call for comparative research to allow for further theory-building on the politics of public reporting on sustainable development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 403-417
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1544544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1544544
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:403-417
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samantha Vanderslott
Author-X-Name-First: Samantha
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanderslott
Title: Moving From Outsider to Insider Status Through Metrics: The Inclusion of “Neglected Tropical Diseases” Into the Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract:
“Neglected Tropical Diseases” (NTDs) are lesser-known diseases, existing in the poorest communities in the shadow of the high-profile and well-funded “Big Three” (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria). Blame for neglect is pointed towards protagonists, which include pharmaceutical companies, for not investing in diseases of poverty and donor governments and NGOs, for directing attention to high mortality diseases. Yet, other sites of neglect tend to be ignored, such as global governance priorities. Exclusion of NTDs from the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in 2000 started the ball rolling for an advocacy campaign to raise these diseases higher up the global health agenda. The MDG omission was used as a frame by advocates to highlight neglect and led to inclusion in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs, set out in 2015, now include NTDs alongside HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases in a goal to end epidemics by 2030. However, reframing based on a concept of neglect was not sufficient to ensure a place at the top of global health priorities. The NTD problem also needed to be made measurable, with metrics set in evidence-based logic, to provide a rationale for intervention and track progress towards quantifiable success.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 418-435
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574727
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:418-435
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Astrid Pérez Piñán
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Piñán
Author-Name: Elizabeth Vibert
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Vibert
Title: The View from the Farm: Gendered Contradictions of the Measurement Imperative in Global Goals
Abstract:
How do global development goals translate into local action? How do such goals support or undermine already existing efforts, at the local level, to build robust and sustainable communities? In this article we examine the experience of a women’s cooperative vegetable farm in rural South Africa, considering the on-the-ground consequences of high-level planning for development and, in particular, the measurement and accountability demands associated with such initiatives. We focus on the broad aims of Sustainable Development Goals 2 (to end hunger) and 5 (to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment). We explore farmers’ responses to external demands for measurement and accountability, some of which they are not well equipped to meet and others of which collide with their own priorities to support their households and wider community. We find a major problem of translation between global goals and the needs of people on the ground: far from resulting in material support for small-scale farmers, the daily burdens of the ‘audit society’ directly impede aims like ending hunger and achieving gender equality. The first section of the paper briefly canvasses recent efforts at global goal setting, considering the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and SDGs in turn. The longer second section offers the case study of the women’s farm, examining how the measurement demands related to global goals impact locally generated priorities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 436-450
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1659237
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1659237
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:436-450
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mandy Li-Ming Yap
Author-X-Name-First: Mandy Li-Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Yap
Author-Name: Krushil Watene
Author-X-Name-First: Krushil
Author-X-Name-Last: Watene
Title: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indigenous Peoples: Another Missed Opportunity?
Abstract:
Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towards quantitative measurement. Indigenous peoples have not been immune to the representation and monitoring of their lives using indicators. Across many of these standard metrics, they consistently underperform. As a result, resources globally and nationally are often targeted at improving these metrics of indigenous populations. Indigenous peoples have not been silent on this matter. In challenging these universal frameworks, they mobilised a self-determination movement which is centred on their worldviews and priorities. The endorsement and ratification of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) have further created a space and impetus to ask how the UNDRIP can be implemented to support indigenous groups around the world to drive their own development agenda. Using a framework informed by UNDRIP and Indigenous knowledge this paper has two aims: 1) to explore if and how the SDGs have reframed policy relating to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand and 2) to explore how indigenous communities are developing their own indicators to inform their development needs and in the process mitigate the negative governance effects of national goal and target setting.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 451-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1574725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1574725
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:451-467
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes M. Waldmüller
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Waldmüller
Author-Name: Hameed Jamali
Author-X-Name-First: Hameed
Author-X-Name-Last: Jamali
Author-Name: Nelson Nogales
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson
Author-X-Name-Last: Nogales
Title: Operationalizing Sustainable Development Goals in Vulnerable Coastal Areas of Ecuador and Pakistan: Marginalizing Human Development?
Abstract:
Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in socially and ecologically vulnerable coastal areas of Ecuador and Pakistan, we focus on Chinese-funded investment projects to analyze how SDGs are susceptible to be instrumentalized in the context of exploitative economic dependencies, as well as national development agendas. In our case studies, forced displacement of vulnerable inhabitants during the post-earthquake recovery in coastal Ecuador and displacement of small-scale fishers in coastal Pakistan are justified by SDG implementation. We identify a techno-managerial approach to SDGs in order to discuss its effects in terms of endangering ecosystems and human freedoms, increased social vulnerability and dependence on wage labour. Despite contextual differences, both case studies reveal a similar pattern of intervention under the pretext of SDGs where human freedoms and capabilities are severely undermined by large-scale projects of territorial and social securitization.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 468-485
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1666810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1666810
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:468-485
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. B. Schoonover
Author-X-Name-First: S. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoonover
Title: John Rawls: Reticent Socialist
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 486-488
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:486-488
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Niaz Asadullah
Author-X-Name-First: M. Niaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah
Author-Name: Antonio Savoia
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Savoia
Title: How China Escaped the Poverty Trap
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 488-490
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600788
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:488-490
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Simantini
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay
Title: Health and Well-Being in India: A Quantitative Analysis of Inequality in Outcomes and Opportunities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 490-491
Issue: 4
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1600787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1600787
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:490-491
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ravi Kanbur
Author-X-Name-First: Ravi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanbur
Title: Citizenship, Migration and Opportunity
Abstract:
The basic global distributional facts of inequality within and between countries are structuring a range of debates on policy issues which have analytical import. This paper raises three such questions: (1) Should Middle Income Countries like India continue to receive concessional development assistance from agencies like the World Bank? (2) Should the borders of richer countries be more open than they currently are to economic migration from poorer countries? (3) How does the equality of opportunity discourse within a country translate to equality of opportunity in a global perspective? But these questions appear not to have been as thoroughly investigated in the capability framework as their urgency and importance demands. They are worthy of deep and sustained investigation by the Human Development and Capability Association’s members, and beyond.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 429-441
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1349088
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1349088
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:429-441
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marisa von Fintel
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: von Fintel
Title: Income Dynamics, Assets and Poverty Traps in South Africa
Abstract:
This paper examines income dynamics and the existence of poverty traps in South Africa between 2010 and 2012 using panel data from the first three waves of the National Income Dynamics Study. In order to separate structural trends in income from stochastic shocks and measurement error, the paper makes use of an asset-based approach to estimate the shape of structural income dynamics in order to test for the existence of one or more dynamic equilibrium points. Contrary to earlier findings on South African data from 1993 and 1998, the results do not provide evidence for the existence of an asset-based poverty trap. Instead, the results seem to indicate the existence of a low-level equilibrium beyond which structural income remains very persistent. The robustness of the results is confirmed by making use of control functions in order to correct for any measurement error which may exist in the data on assets.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 442-463
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1392491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1392491
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:442-463
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza
Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo
Author-X-Name-Last: Canavire-Bacarreza
Author-Name: Fernando Rios-Avila
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Rios-Avila
Title: On the Determinants of Changes in Wage Inequality in Urban Bolivia
Abstract:
In recent years, Bolivia has experienced a series of economic and political transformations that have directly affected the labor markets, particularly the salaried urban sector. Real wages have shown strong increases across the distribution, while also presenting a decrease in inequality. Using an intertemporal decomposition approach, we find evidence that changes in demographic and labor market characteristics can explain only a small portion of the observed inequality decline. Instead, the results indicate that the decline in wage inequality was driven by the faster wage growth of usually low-paid jobs, and wage stagnation of jobs that require higher education or are in traditionally highly paid fields. While the evidence shows that the reduction in inequality is significant, we suggest that such an improvement might not be sustainable in the long run, since structural factors associated with productivity, such as workers’ level of education, explain only a small portion of these wage changes. This suggests that enhanced redistributive policies accompanied by long-term structural policies aimed to increase productivity and educational level should be implemented in order to maintain the trends.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 464-496
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1353350
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1353350
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:464-496
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shanelle van der Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Shanelle
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg
Title: A Capabilities Approach to the Adjudication of the Right to a Basic Education in South Africa
Abstract:
This article explores the contours of what a capabilities approach to the adjudication of the right to a basic education in South Africa entails. The right to a basic education fulfils an important role within South Africa’s project of transformative constitutionalism, which aims to transform society through processes grounded in law. In turn, transformative constitutionalism’s focus on the fundamental constitutional values of freedom, dignity and equality—and its recognition of the relevance of context—resonates with the values underlying the capabilities approach. Certain principles common to transformative constitutionalism and the capabilities approach, namely participation through informational broadening and substantive reasoning through explicitness, should be observed by reviewing courts at all stages of the adjudicative process. Thereafter, the first step of a capabilities approach to adjudication is for courts to interpret the content of the right with reference to the capabilities and functioning outcomes it represents in concrete contexts. Next, a capabilities-based standard of review should be applied to impugned government laws, policy or conduct. Finally, a capabilities approach to remedies should be adopted. This article concludes by evaluating selected education-related judgments by South African courts against the requirements posited by a capabilities approach to adjudication.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 497-516
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1355895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1355895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:497-516
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svenja Flechtner
Author-X-Name-First: Svenja
Author-X-Name-Last: Flechtner
Title: Should Aspirations be a Matter of Policy Concern?
Abstract:
The literature dealing with aspiration traps indicates that a life of poverty, deprivation or exclusion may hinder people’s development of goals and aspirations that would best serve their interests. Many authors seem to suggest that governments, schools, development agencies or NGOs should develop policies to help individuals avoid aspirations which are too low. However, it is not yet fully clear how these policies need to be designed in order to increase people’s welfare. To bridge this gap, this paper compares two different welfare approaches and examines how useful these might be when looking at normative implications of policies regarding aspirations. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach, we conclude that policies addressing aspiration traps need to be accompanied with policies that address, more directly, poverty and material hardship. To alleviate poverty, it can be helpful to make people reconsider their aspirations; however, this can complement but not substitute other policies. Moreover, to ensure that policies that address aspirations are not detrimental to welfare, they should not push people towards specific choices.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 517-530
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1364224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1364224
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:517-530
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anirudh Krishna
Author-X-Name-First: Anirudh
Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna
Title: Should Rich Nations Help the Poor?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 531-532
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395942
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395942
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:531-532
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Merridy Wilson-Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Merridy
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Strydom
Title: Transforming Teacher Quality in the Global South: Using Capabilities and Causality to Re-examine Teacher Performance
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 532-534
Issue: 4
Volume: 18
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2017.1395947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2017.1395947
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:18:y:2017:i:4:p:532-534
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Sharaunga
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharaunga
Author-Name: M. Mudhara
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudhara
Author-Name: A. Bogale
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bogale
Title: Conceptualisation and Measurement of Women's Empowerment Revisited
Abstract:
This paper advances a new approach to conceptualise, define and systematically measure women's empowerment. A review of literature identified that empowerment is multidimensional, and that women empowered in one dimension are not necessarily empowered in the other. It was also established that women need both resources and a sense of agency to independently achieve their livelihood outcomes. Therefore, it was concluded that both agency and resources are the best indicators of women's level of empowerment. In view of the multidimensional nature of women's empowerment, this study proposed the use of principal component analysis (PCA) on women's level of agency and resources to generate factor scores (i.e., indicators of each woman's level of empowerment) at each dimension of empowerment (i.e., indicated by each PC) as the better approach to quantitatively measure women's empowerment. Data to test this approach was taken from rural women in Msinga Local Municipality of South Africa. Application of PCA, showed the dominant dimensions in which women in the study area were empowered while the PC factor loadings quantitatively measured the level of empowerment along each dimension. It was concluded that women's empowerment is best conceptualised as increases in women's capabilities and hence, application of PCA to the indicators of women's indicators of resources and agency is the most suitable approach to capture their empowerment levels across different dimensions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-25
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1546280
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1546280
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:1-25
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robin Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Robin
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Author-Name: Norbert Schmitz
Author-X-Name-First: Norbert
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmitz
Author-Name: Sam Harper
Author-X-Name-First: Sam
Author-X-Name-Last: Harper
Author-Name: Arijit Nandi
Author-X-Name-First: Arijit
Author-X-Name-Last: Nandi
Title: Development of a Tool to Measure Women’s Agency in India
Abstract:
Ensuring and expanding women’s agency is an essential component of efforts to promote the rights and well-being of women. However, inadequate measurement hampers monitoring and research into achieving this goal. In this study, we developed a theory-based measurement tool of women’s agency. We developed a conceptual model of agency through a review of the literature, and then used this model to identify potential indicators of agency. These indicators were asked as part of a population-based household survey that was completed between July and November 2016 by 3042 women in rural Rajasthan, India. We tested the construct validity of the hypothesized measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. We identified a conceptual model of agency, composed of 23 indicators, which measured the domains Household Decision-Making, Freedom of Movement, Participation in the Community, and Attitudes and Perceptions. This conceptual model fit the study data well (CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA = 0.031). Our results have implications for measurement efforts in a number of settings, and our tool can be used to measure women’s agency in rural India.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 26-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1545751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1545751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:26-53
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karie Cross Riddle
Author-X-Name-First: Karie Cross
Author-X-Name-Last: Riddle
Title: Reasoned Choice or Performative Care? Women’s Transformative Peacebuilding Identities in Manipur, India
Abstract:
Countering the inevitability of communal violence, Amartya Sen defines identities as the product of individual, reasoned choice. Although he acknowledges that such choices are constrained, I argue that Sen’s position overlooks (1) the relational character of identities which reflect caring responsibility rather than autonomous choice, and (2) the power structures that constrain agents’ choices. Using original ethnographic research conducted with women’s peacebuilding groups in India in 2014 and 2015, I develop a theory of identity as performative and grounded in care. Theorizing first from women’s peacebuilding practices and then adding insights from Sara Ruddick’s care ethics and Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, I demonstrate how relationships and structures circumscribe women’s choices, leading them to transform their relational identities rather than choose them after a process of reasoning. Women peacebuilders take up socially-ascribed responsibility for others, building peace relationally as mothers and conflict-affected widows. Post-structural feminism helps us to guard against essentializing these women’s experiences as natural, instead seeing their work as deeply constrained by gender norms even as their peace work transforms those norms. My understanding of identity as relational and performative thus illuminates new sources for and new constraints upon agency.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 54-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1546279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1546279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:54-68
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrés Rodríguez-Pose
Author-X-Name-First: Andrés
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Pose
Author-Name: Vassilis Tselios
Author-X-Name-First: Vassilis
Author-X-Name-Last: Tselios
Title: Well-being, Political Decentralisation and Governance Quality in Europe
Abstract:
European nations allocate public sector resources with the general aim of increasing the well-being and welfare of their citizens through a fair and efficient distribution of these public goods and services. However, “who” delivers these goods and services and “how well” they are delivered are essential in determining outcomes in terms of well-being. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey database, this paper uses Amartya Sen’s social welfare index framework—accounting for the trade-off between the maximization of public sector resources and an equitable distribution of these resources—to examine the influence of political decentralisation (“who” delivers the resources) and whether this influence is moderated by governance quality (“how well” they are delivered) on individual subjective well-being. The findings of the econometric analysis reveal that decentralisation does not always lead to higher well-being, as the benefits of political decentralisation are highly mediated by the quality of national governance. In countries with high governance quality, political decentralisation results in a greater satisfaction with health provision, while in lower quality governance countries, a more decentralized government can increase the overall satisfaction with life, the economy, government, democracy and the provision of education, but not necessarily with health-related services.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 69-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1563773
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1563773
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:69-93
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Author-Name: Michael Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Title: Inequality, Social Comparisons and Income Aspirations: Evidence from a Highly Unequal Country
Abstract:
We investigate the formation of minimum income aspirations in South Africa, a country characterised by high poverty rates and high and rising rates of inequality. Although a few empirical studies have explored income aspirations in South Africa, this is the first study that analyses nationally representative micro-data. We add to the broader empirical literature on income aspirations in two ways. First, we investigate whether there is evidence of aspirations failure among the poor and we test the relationship between aspirations and income inequality. Second, we explore whether aspirations have different associations when social comparisons are drawn with different reference groups. Our analysis of the minimum income question (MIQ) asked in a national household survey from 2008/2009 shows that although aspirations increase significantly with income, the poor are far more likely than the non-poor to report aspirations that exceed current income. The aspirations of both the poor and the non-poor also vary positively (and not negatively) with local levels of inequality, although aspirations respond significantly only to the relative success of others in the same race group.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 94-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1547272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1547272
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:94-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashley Piggins
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: Piggins
Title: Collective Choice and Social Welfare—Expanded Edition
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 112-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560897
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560897
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:112-113
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Madleina Daehnhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Madleina
Author-X-Name-Last: Daehnhardt
Title: The Creation of the Human Development Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 113-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:113-115
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes M. Waldmüller
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Waldmüller
Title: Human Rights Trade-Offs in Times of Economic Growth. The Long-Term Capability Impacts of Extractive-Led Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 115-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560896
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:115-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi
Author-X-Name-First: Faith
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi
Title: Youth, Gender and the Capabilities Approach to Development: Rethinking Opportunities and Agency from a Human Development Perspective
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 117-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1560895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1560895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:20:y:2019:i:1:p:117-118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Introduction: Aspiration and the Capabilities List
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 301-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1200789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1200789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:301-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debraj Ray
Author-X-Name-First: Debraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Ray
Title: Aspirations and the Development Treadmill
Abstract:
I describe a positive theory of socially determined aspirations, and some implications of that theory for the study of economic inequality and social conflict. The main contribution of the theory is that it attempts to describe, in the same explanatory arc, how a change in aspirations can be inspirational in some circumstances, or a source of frustration and resentment in others. These different reactions arise from the aspirational gap: the difference between socially generated aspirations and the current socio-economic standard that the individual enjoys. Ever-accelerating economic development can cut both ways in terms of inspiration and frustration.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 309-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1211597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1211597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:309-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Sarojini Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sarojini
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: How Do Aspirations Matter?
Abstract:
This paper explores the complex roles of aspirations in relation to human development, drawing upon the capability approach. The paper examines the notion of feasibility of aspirations and the impact feasibility judgements have on aspiration formation and aspiration realization, in terms of both capabilities and functionings. In particular this paper extends existing theory by building on Hart's dynamic multi-dimensional model of aspiration and Hart's aspiration set (2012. Aspiration, Education and Social Justice - Applying Sen and Bourdieu. London: Bloomsbury). The theorization builds on empirical work, undertaken in the UK, seeking to understand pupils’ aspirations on leaving school and college at age 17–19 as well as reviewing wider empirical and theoretical literature in this field. The discussion contributes to capability theory by extending understanding regarding first, the way that aspirations are connected to capabilities and functionings, secondly, the processes by which aspirations are converted into capabilities and thirdly, how certain capabilities become functionings. The paper reflects on the criteria that inform choices about the cultivation and selection of different aspirations on individual and collective bases. In concluding the paper the question of, “how do aspirations matter?” is addressed. Ultimately, an argument is made for the need to “reclaim” a rich multi-dimensional concept of aspiration in order to pursue human development and flourishing for all.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 324-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:324-341
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James J. Heckman
Author-X-Name-First: James J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Heckman
Author-Name: Chase O. Corbin
Author-X-Name-First: Chase O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Corbin
Title: Capabilities and Skills
Abstract:
This paper discusses the relevance of recent research on the economics of human development to the work of the Human Development and Capability Association. The recent economics of human development brings insights about the dynamics of skill accumulation to the literature on capabilities. Skills embodied in agents empower people. Enhanced skills enhance opportunities and hence promote capabilities. We address measurement problems common to both the economics of human development and the capability approach. The economics of human development analyzes the dynamics of preference formation, but is silent about which preferences should be used to evaluate alternative policies. This is both a strength and a limitation of the approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 342-359
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1200541
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1200541
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:342-359
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John B. Davis
Author-X-Name-First: John B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Author-Name: Thomas R. Wells
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wells
Title: Transformation Without Paternalism
Abstract:
Human development is meant to be transformational in that it aims to improve people's lives by enhancing their capabilities. But who does it target: people as they are or the people they will become? This paper argues that the human development approach relies on an understanding of personal identity as dynamic rather than as static collections of preferences, and that this distinguishes human development from conventional approaches to development. Nevertheless, this dynamic understanding of personal identity is presently poorly conceptualized and this has implications for development practice. We identify a danger of paternalism and propose institutionalizing two procedural principles as side constraints on development policies and projects: the principle of free prior informed consent and the principle of democratic development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 360-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:360-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Candice Gartner
Author-X-Name-First: Candice
Author-X-Name-Last: Gartner
Title: The Science and Politics of Infrastructure Research: Asserting Power, Place, and Agency in Infrastructure Knowledge
Abstract:
Despite over half a century of research concerning infrastructure development processes, structurally oriented development theories continue to dominate infrastructure research and praxis. Critically informed approaches to development, which acknowledge the integral role of power, place, and agency to infrastructure research, have yet to make a noticeable mark within infrastructure development policy-making. Towards the goal of giving greater prominence to the critical perspective, I propose the Critical Acquisition Framework. The framework is designed to facilitate an agency-oriented understanding of infrastructure development processes from the perspectives of marginalized groups. Inspired by critical-social theory and capability analyses, the Critical Acquisition Framework helps to understand how marginalized groups deploy their existing capability sets to access infrastructure via multiple and overlapping institutions. In addition, the framework helps to envision alternative agency-oriented scenarios of infrastructure access. In essence, the framework demonstrates how the acquisition process influences the capability sets and therefore power of marginalized groups, and can be used to assess whether infrastructure “develops” according to local perspectives, or reifies inequitable power relations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 377-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1198309
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1198309
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:377-396
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Capabilitarianism
Abstract:
This paper offers a critique of Martha Nussbaum's description of the capability approach, and offers an alternative. I will argue that Nussbaum's characterization of the capability approach is flawed, in two ways. First, she unduly limits the capability to two strands of work, thereby ignoring important other capabilitarian scholarship. Second, she argues that there are five essential elements that all capability theories meet; yet upon closer analysis three of them are not really essential to the capability approach. I also offer an alternative description of the capability approach, which is called the cartwheel view of the capability approach. This view is at the same time radically multidisciplinary yet also contains a foundationally robust core among its various usages, and is therefore much better able to make the case that the capability approach can be developed in a very wide range of more specific normative theories. Finally, the carthwheel view is used to argue against Nussbaum's claim that all capabiliarian political theory needs to be politically liberal.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 397-414
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1145631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1145631
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:397-414
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricardo Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez
Title: Inequality Decomposition and Human Development
Abstract:
The human development index (HDI), which takes into account achievements in health, education, and income, is considered a good measure of the social attainments of a country. The global cross-country distribution of human development is imbalanced and the degree of convergence is low. This inequality has varied during recent years. In this paper we present evidence that improvements in the convergence of human development across countries are mostly attributed to education, whereas health and income have made poor contributions. To do this we exploit the multiplicative structure of the HDI and several decompositions of the Theil inequality index.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 415-425
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1155544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1155544
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:415-425
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Schokkaert
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Schokkaert
Title: Putting Inequality in Context
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 429-433
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:429-433
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie Seguino
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Seguino
Title: The Costs of Inequality and the Affordability of Solutions
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 434-439
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:434-439
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti
Title: The Space of Inequalities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 440-446
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:440-446
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Wisor
Author-X-Name-First: Scott
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisor
Title: Multidimensional Horizontal and Global Inequality
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 447-452
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203031
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:447-452
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Polly Vizard
Author-X-Name-First: Polly
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizard
Title: Inequality and Public Action
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 453-459
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203032
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:453-459
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Thorbecke
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Thorbecke
Title: Inequality and the Trade-off between Efficiency and Equity
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 460-464
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1203033
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2016.1203033
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:17:y:2016:i:3:p:460-464
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Laruffa
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Laruffa
Title: What is a Capability-enhancing Social Policy? Individual Autonomy, Democratic Citizenship and the Insufficiency of the Employment-focused Paradigm
Abstract:
Since the mid-1990s, global social policy discourse and practice has shifted from a focus on social protection and redistribution towards the promotion of people’s labour market participation and human capital enhancement. The capability approach significantly contributed to legitimize these developments. The aim of this paper is to criticize this dominant interpretation of the capability approach in social policy, which reduces people’s capability to their capacity to participate in the economy. An alternative conceptualization of capability-enhancing social policy is then proposed. At the individual level, social policy should increase the number and variety of valuable options open to individuals. On the one hand, this means supporting—alongside employment—also care work and political participation. On the other hand, since the benefits of employment cannot be taken for granted, this requires also reforming the workplace in order to expand citizens’ agency and wellbeing. At the collective level, social policy should establish the social preconditions for an effective and substantive democracy, providing the social bases of political equality through a focus on redistribution and equal respect. This alternative conceptualization has also implications for education policy: rather than people’s human capital, education should enhance individual and collective autonomy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661983
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joan G. Dejaeghere
Author-X-Name-First: Joan G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dejaeghere
Title: Reconceptualizing Educational Capabilities: A Relational Capability Theory for Redressing Inequalities
Abstract:
Education is regarded as a core capability, fundamental to enhancing other capabilities and well-being. Yet education capabilities may not necessarily be agency or well-being enhancing if they do not identify and alter the forms of social relations that marginalize young people. This paper departs from a discussion of Robeyns’ [2017. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Open Book Publishers] essential modules of the CA, in which she regards capabilities and functionings as value neutral. Yet, using only the essential modules of the CA can produce knowledge that may not reveal and disrupt inequalities, which are important for scholars using the CA in education. This paper discusses how postcolonial and feminist perspectives can be used to address critiques about the CA related to questions of power and the individualized and decontextualized nature of capabilities. These perspectives offer a relational analysis grounded in historical, social and economic relations that can impede a person from expanding and acting on their capabilities. The paper compares two groups of educational capabilities found in the CA scholarship and how a relational ontology can account for power constituted in social relations and structures. These two groups of educational capabilities are (1) affiliation, social networks, and recognition; and (2) critical thinking/practical reasoning; aspirations; and reimagining alternative futures.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 17-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1677576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1677576
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:17-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryan Reed
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Reed
Title: Dignity in Transgender Lives: A Capabilities Approach
Abstract:
Transgender people frequently contend with serious challenges to living lives of dignity. They face elevated risks of violent assault, discrimination in employment and healthcare, and social, legal, and political hostility. This paper considers Martha C. Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as a means of addressing the needs of transgender people. Following Nussbaum’s lead, the analysis considers how the capabilities approach speaks to the disparities and obstacles faced by transgender people and which of Nussbaum’s list of Central Capabilities must be secured to ensure that they are able to live flourishing lives of dignity. Further, the paper advances proposals to modify three of the Central Capabilities in order to comprehensively address the dignity needs of transgender people and, more broadly, all persons whose gender presentation does not conform to traditional expectations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 36-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:36-48
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Afi Agboli
Author-X-Name-First: Afi
Author-X-Name-Last: Agboli
Author-Name: Mylene Botbol
Author-X-Name-First: Mylene
Author-X-Name-Last: Botbol
Author-Name: Sarah O’Neill
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Neill
Author-Name: Fabienne Richard
Author-X-Name-First: Fabienne
Author-X-Name-Last: Richard
Author-Name: Isabelle Aujoulat
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Aujoulat
Title: Transforming Vulnerability into Power: Exploring Empowerment among Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Context of Migration in Belgium
Abstract:
This paper discusses an aspect of empowerment in relation to the central human capabilities for women with FGM/C in the diaspora. Many women who have undergone the practice of FGM/C come from societies where gender inequalities and gender-based discrimination between men and women persist, which compromises their capabilities, and many find themselves in vulnerable positions in their relationships with men, at work and in their everyday-life. The participants in this study however appeared somehow to have been empowered through certain health-promoting activities where they exercised agency in the western social context, they reside in. This paper examines the empowerment gained by the migrant women with FGM/C after participating in health-promoting activities. We compared this form of empowerment to the reinforcement of their capabilities according to Nussbaum's central human capabilities. Drawing on Nussbaum's list as a starting point we explore the relationship between capabilities and empowerment. We found that some central human capabilities appeared to be reinforced through health-promoting activities, whereas issues relating to asylum seeking became a determinant of empowerment in the women's own terms. Although the activities aimed to empower women, the participants themselves felt that they would only truly be empowered if they obtained full citizenship.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 49-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1661981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1661981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:49-62
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cian O’Donovan
Author-X-Name-First: Cian
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Donovan
Author-Name: Adrian Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Technology and Human Capabilities in UK Makerspaces
Abstract:
The relationship between technology and human capabilities is an ambivalent one. The same technology can expand capabilities for some users under certain circumstances, whilst diminishing capabilities for others situated differently. In this paper we analyse human capabilities in relation to digital design and fabrication technologies as configured, sociotechnically, in makerspaces in the UK. Through a combination of methods, the study identifies how some of the capability benefits claimed for makerspaces are experienced in practice, whilst noting that other capabilities claimed appear absent. Q-method in particular enables the study to examine systematically the plurality in these expansions and absences. We discuss how capabilities might be expanded, how our methods might be of wider use, and we draw some conclusions for theory regarding sociotechnical configurations and human capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 63-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1704706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1704706
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:63-83
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nechumi Malovicki Yaffe
Author-X-Name-First: Nechumi Malovicki
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaffe
Title: Capabilities and Universalism – An Empirical Examination: The Case of the Ultra-Orthodox Community
Abstract:
Can the existing capabilities lists be said to be universal? This question was examined using in-depth interviews of ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel based on the assumption that a community whose norms and practices are subject to strict rules and to the authority of texts would have a different notion of the most fundamental capabilities than a secular community. The results suggest that while some capabilities on the existing lists were viewed as highly important and likely to conform to the universal claim, others need to be modified in order to adapt to local cultural codes. Some capabilities were rejected by the interviewees, which brings into question their universality. Moreover, the interviewees found two additional capabilities important. The first important additional capability was that one’s community and culture be formally recognised as unique and special; the second even more pronounced capability was the opportunity to lead a meaningful and spiritual life. I conclude by suggesting that leading a meaningful and spiritual life is consistent with Sen’s theory of capabilities of human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 84-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1705259
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1705259
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:84-98
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David A. Clark
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Development: The Re-Balancing of Economic Powers
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 99-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1709280
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1709280
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:99-101
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ecem Karlıdağ-Dennis
Author-X-Name-First: Ecem
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlıdağ-Dennis
Title: Higher Education, Youth and Migration in Contexts of Disadvantage: Understanding Aspirations and Capabilities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 101-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2019.1709279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2019.1709279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:1:p:101-103
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudio D’Amato
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Amato
Title: Collectivist Capabilitarianism
Abstract:
The individualistic features of the capability approach (CA) have been thoroughly analysed in recent literature. While many authors have been critical of a perceived methodological bias, little attention has been given to the supposedly non-optional ethical individualism that lies at the liberal heart of the approach. This paper proposes to relegate ethical individualism to optional status and to bolster the approach with an extremely thin and minimally normative ethical relativism, based on the work of Michael Walzer on ethical objectivity. This new version of the approach, which I call collectivist capabilitarianism, allows capabilitarian theorising in explicitly non-liberal socio-political contexts. Currently the CA is burdened by a conception of the Good that unnecessarily singles out the individual person as the exclusive locus of ultimate moral worth. The inclusion of collectives as also inherently morally worthy, along with the weakening of egalitarian and universalist moral constraints in favour of a moderately relativistic ethic, yields a more malleable, pragmatic, and culturally respectful approach whose character is still distinctly capabilitarian.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 105-120
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1732887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1732887
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:105-120
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalia Niedmann Álvarez
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Niedmann Álvarez
Title: Imagining Development: The Chilean Dictatorship and the Case for Political Freedom as a Factor in the Human Development Index
Abstract:
Should political liberties be included in the Human Development Report? Their brief and controversial debut on the report between 1991 and 1993 seemed to close the door for political liberty measurements because of their technical difficulties. Yet, political freedoms seem to be ever more urgent capabilities. This paper intends to reopen the debate on whether political freedoms should be incorporated into the Human Development Report. It uses the Chilean dictatorship's example to reflect on how development is inevitably trumped without them. After briefly responding to some of the main criticisms political freedoms measurements have encompassed the paper proposes an additional reason to incorporate them: they portray the only truly collective capability, representing an essential aspect of human existence which is now absent from the Report.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 121-136
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1736530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1736530
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:121-136
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Anand
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Author-Name: Swati Saxena
Author-X-Name-First: Swati
Author-X-Name-Last: Saxena
Author-Name: Rolando Gonzales Martinez
Author-X-Name-First: Rolando
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzales Martinez
Author-Name: Hai-Anh H. Dang
Author-X-Name-First: Hai-Anh H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dang
Title: Can Women’s Self-help Groups Contribute to Sustainable Development? Evidence of Capability Changes from Northern India
Abstract:
This paper offers an evaluation of a supported women’s self-help programme with over 1.5 million participants in one of the poorest rural regions of the world (Uttar Pradesh, India). Methodologically, it shows how indicators from the direct capability measurement literature can be adapted for programme evaluation in a low-income country setting. Unique data on capabilities across a range of dimensions are then developed for some 6000 women and used to estimate a number of propensity score matching models. The substantive empirical results of these models indicate that many of the capability indicators are higher for programme members, that the difference appears robust, and that there are significant benefits for those from scheduled tribes and lower castes. The discussion highlights two points. First, human development improvements offered by multi-strand programmes can help to explain the paradox as to why nearly 100 million women (in India alone) have participated in self-help programmes despite modest global research evidence for micro-finance impacts on nominal incomes. Second, results argue strongly for the use of capability measures over agency measures focused solely on household decision-making to assess women’s empowerment when structural causes of disempowerment, external to the household, are present and significant.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 137-160
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1742100
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1742100
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:137-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isaac G. K. Ansah
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac G. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ansah
Author-Name: Munkaila Lambongang
Author-X-Name-First: Munkaila
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambongang
Author-Name: Samuel A. Donkoh
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Donkoh
Title: Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Programme: A Look at the Role of Capability in Farmers’ Participation
Abstract:
An objective interpersonal comparison of wellbeing requires that people’s capabilities are considered. This paper operationalises Sen’s capability concept in maize-based farming systems and assesses how it influences farmers’ participation in the Planting for Food and Jobs programme in the Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District of the Northern Region, Ghana. We used data from 315 households collected through multi-stage sampling procedure. Capability was quantified using factor analysis, while its determinants were identified through multiple linear regression analysis. Afterwards, an instrumental variable probit model was used to examine the effect of capability on programme participation. We identified two attributes of capability, which were labelled as human capability and institutional capability. T hese capability attributes are significantly enhanced by availability of markets and good roads. Our results provide evidence that the two attributes of capability influence farmers’ participation in the Planting for Food and Jobs programme. The findings indicate that, for effective participation in agricultural interventions, farmers’ capabilities need to be enhanced. This could be achieved through the provision of, and/or improvement in infrastructure, including roads and markets in remote production centres.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1745162
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1745162
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:161-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mateus Humberto
Author-X-Name-First: Mateus
Author-X-Name-Last: Humberto
Author-Name: Bruna Pizzol
Author-X-Name-First: Bruna
Author-X-Name-Last: Pizzol
Author-Name: Filipe Moura
Author-X-Name-First: Filipe
Author-X-Name-Last: Moura
Author-Name: Mariana Giannotti
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Giannotti
Author-Name: Marcos Paulo de Lucca-Silveira
Author-X-Name-First: Marcos Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: de Lucca-Silveira
Title: Investigating the Mobility Capabilities and Functionings in Accessing Schools Through Walking: A Quantitative Assessment of Public and Private Schools in São Paulo (Brazil)
Abstract:
Despite being recognised as an appropriate tool to address different dimensions of transport-related social exclusion, the Capability Approach still lacks application within the domain of school transportation. This study conceptualised the vectors of collective functionings and capabilities of preschools and nurseries in São Paulo. From the location of 204 schools, the conditions to access schools through walking were assessed using georeferenced datasets relating to mobility, road safety, and the built environment. The schools were analysed according to their conditions to walk (resources) and the corresponding conversion rates to achieve higher shares of pedestrian trips (functionings), considering the idiosyncrasies between public and private schools. That enabled the estimation of the mobility capabilities, which presented gaps when compared with the functionings. Results corroborated with the class and race disparities in the access to education in Brazil, in which schools with poorer conditions to walk do not have any other options than walking to go to school (e.g. transit or bicycle), requiring investments in the upgrading of the urban infrastructure. On the other hand, schools in wealthier regions present barriers to the fulfilment of active mobility even when the resources are considered sufficient, in which the implementation of educational programmes in recommended.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 183-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1745163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1745163
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:183-204
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen L. Esquith
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Esquith
Title: Agency and Democracy in Development Ethics
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 205-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741138
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741138
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:205-207
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imants Latkovskis
Author-X-Name-First: Imants
Author-X-Name-Last: Latkovskis
Title: Capabilities in a Just Society: A Theory of Navigational Agency
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 207-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741141
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741141
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:207-208
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rhys Manley
Author-X-Name-First: Rhys
Author-X-Name-Last: Manley
Title: Foundations of Real World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 209-210
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1741139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1741139
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:2:p:209-210
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Efrat Ram-Tiktin
Author-X-Name-First: Efrat
Author-X-Name-Last: Ram-Tiktin
Title: The Tragedy of the Commons and Population Health: The State’s Intervention in an Individual’s Actions and Choices from a Capability Perspective
Abstract:
The discussion of public health ethics usually focuses on public health and relates it to the notion of a public good. In this paper, I explain why we need to focus on population health and why it corresponds to a common good and hence is prone to depletion in the absence of appropriate state regulation. Using the capability approach perspective and Sen’s focus on the value of the opportunity and process aspects of freedom, I show why the state commitment to guarantee each individual the prerequisites for her positive freedom in fact justifies limiting an individual’s freedom of action in order to protect the freedom of others. However, even such infringements might not suffice to maintain population health as a common good. Hence, in the third section, I look at an additional course of intervention by the state, namely the use of nudges which are intended to influence an individual’s choices and to steer her to more health-enhancing behavior. In light of the possible violation of the opportunity and process aspects of individual freedom, I show why and under what circumstances the use of nudges is not only ethical, but actually preserves the two aspects of freedom and at the same time maintains the common good.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 438-455
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1471672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1471672
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:438-455
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mari-Anne Okkolin
Author-X-Name-First: Mari-Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Okkolin
Author-Name: Teija Koskela
Author-X-Name-First: Teija
Author-X-Name-Last: Koskela
Author-Name: Petra Engelbrecht
Author-X-Name-First: Petra
Author-X-Name-Last: Engelbrecht
Author-Name: Hannu Savolainen
Author-X-Name-First: Hannu
Author-X-Name-Last: Savolainen
Title: Capability to be Educated—Inspiring and Inclusive Pedagogical Arrangements from Finnish Schools
Abstract:
The idea and concept of inclusive education have been debated, and different interpretations of what inclusion means and to whom it concerns have been presented. In this paper, we bring together notions of inclusive quality education, pedagogy, learning and teachers, and illustrate how the principle(s) of inclusion(s) has been enacted and translated into classroom practices in Finnish context. Drawing from Finnish teachers’ narratives, we highlight successful, small-scale and creative pedagogical arrangements and teachers’ sensitivity to recognize and commit to responding to the needs of diverse learners. Our argumentation is rooted in the capabilities approach. We carry out an evaluative exercise and examine how the classroom practices and teachers’ understandings of their students look like through the capabilities conceptualizations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 421-437
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1474858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1474858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:421-437
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Measuring Well-being: A Multidimensional Index Integrating Subjective Well-being and Preferences
Abstract:
Policymakers have begun looking for multidimensional alternatives to income-based measures for assessing well-being in societies. The Human Development Index (HDI) and related composite indices have been widely criticized in the welfare economic literature, yet are still some of the most influential income-alternatives in the research and policy arena. What are the theoretical links that bridge the gap between these composite indices and the criticisms levelled at them? This paper introduces the “preference index approach,” a multidimensional measure bringing together the “equivalence approach” and the “distance function” in welfare economic theory. It retains convenient similarities with HDI-type composite indices, but assesses well-being in a way that reflects interpersonal differences in preferences between dimensions of well-being, whilst retaining comparability of well-being levels between individuals. The approach is applied empirically with data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to estimate different preference types between well-being dimensions. The empirical application finds that preferences differ by age, education level and unemployment status, and finds a weaker preference for the health and income dimension within older groups. Across all groups, health is strongly prioritized over income. When preference heterogeneities are taken into account, the picture of well-being looks quite different than that painted by standard welfare measures.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 456-476
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1474859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1474859
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:456-476
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ankita Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Ankita
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Author-Name: Ranjan Ray
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ray
Author-Name: Leonora Risse
Author-X-Name-First: Leonora
Author-X-Name-Last: Risse
Title: How Does Child Disadvantage Change with Age? An Analysis of Australian Children
Abstract:
This paper applies a dynamic multidimensional measure of disadvantage to examine how the nature and extent of disadvantage experienced by a child can vary throughout their childhood. We use two longitudinal datasets to track a cohort of Australian children from around 4 to at least 10 years of age, comparing the experiences of Indigenous children to the broader Australian child population. Our analysis confirms that Indigenous children not only experience worse rates of disadvantage than the rest of the Australian child population at all ages, but that this gap widens further as children grow older. For all Australian children, the highest rates of disadvantage are detected in “bullying” and “body weight,” with rates of unhealthy body weight worsening with age. The empirical findings of this study can inform age-targeted policy design; while the methodological contributions have relevance for other countries aiming to target the well-being of disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 477-498
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1484711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1484711
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:477-498
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paula Andrea Nieto Alemán
Author-X-Name-First: Paula Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieto Alemán
Author-Name: Norat Roig-Tierno
Author-X-Name-First: Norat
Author-X-Name-Last: Roig-Tierno
Author-Name: Francisco Mas-Verdú
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Mas-Verdú
Author-Name: José María García Álvarez-Coque
Author-X-Name-First: José María
Author-X-Name-Last: García Álvarez-Coque
Title: Multidimensional paths to regional poverty: a Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of Colombian departments
Abstract:
This paper provides a simple, systemic, holistic assessment of regional conditions that lead to capability deprivation. Capability deprivation is measured at the regional level using the indicators of monetary poverty and life expectancy in Colombia. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to identify necessary or sufficient conditions for high and low deprivation in Colombian departments (regions). The multidimensional paths consist of combinations of economic conditions (GDP per capita and trade openness), social conditions (education) and institutional conditions (transparency and internal displacement). The observed interactions between conditions indicate that no single condition leads to regional poverty. Peace and transparent institutions are important conditions in most of the paths that lead to high or low capability or functioning indicators.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 499-520
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1504760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1504760
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:499-520
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pirmin Fessler
Author-X-Name-First: Pirmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Fessler
Author-Name: Martin Schürz
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Schürz
Title: Private Wealth Across European Countries: The Role of Income, Inheritance and the Welfare State
Abstract:
Using microdata from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), this study examines the role of inheritance, income and welfare state policies in explaining differences in household net wealth within and between euro area countries. First, about one-third of the households in the 13 European countries we study report having received an inheritance, and these households have considerably higher net wealth than those which did not inherit. Second, regression analyses on households' relative wealth position show that, on average, having received an inheritance lifts a household by about 14 net wealth percentiles. At the same time, each additional percentile in the income distribution is associated with about 0.4 net wealth percentiles. These results are consistent across countries. Third, multilevel cross-country regressions show that the degree of welfare state spending across countries is negatively correlated with household net wealth. These findings suggest that social services provided by the state are substitutes for private wealth accumulation and partly explain observed differences in levels of household net wealth across European countries. In particular, the effect of substitution relative to net wealth decreases with growing wealth levels. This implies that an increase in welfare state spending goes along with an increase—rather than a decrease—of observed wealth inequality.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 521-549
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1507422
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1507422
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:521-549
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram
Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar
Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram
Title: Social Gradient in Capabilities
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 553-558
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522034
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:553-558
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell
Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell
Title: Intransigent Disadvantage: What Inequality Contributes to Development Gaps
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 559-563
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522037
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522037
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:559-563
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dinesh Bhugra
Author-X-Name-First: Dinesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhugra
Title: Health Gap, Wealth Gap—What is the Question?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 564-568
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:564-568
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giulia Greco
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Greco
Title: Power, Social Exclusion and the “Good Life”: the Importance of Measuring What Really Counts
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 569-574
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522043
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522043
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:569-574
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Marmot
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Marmot
Title: Social Determinants, Capabilities and Health Inequalities: A Response to Bhugra, Greco, Fennell and Venkatapuram
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 575-577
Issue: 4
Volume: 19
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2018.1522044
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2018.1522044
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:19:y:2018:i:4:p:575-577
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leif Wenar
Author-X-Name-First: Leif
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenar
Title: The Development of Unity
Abstract:
Martha Nussbaum’s list of the 10 central capabilities contains the most plausible account of valuable functionings that we have. In this lecture, I explore how Nussbaum’s account converges with the deepest explanation of what is intrinsically valuable—what is good in itself. This exploration shows how Nussbaum’s account tracks the same logic of value that we find in many of the world’s great philosophical traditions. What all of these philosophers are telling us is that goodness is unity: unity with the world, with each other, and within ourselves.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 211-222
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1785665
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1785665
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:211-222
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Comments on Leif Wenar's Nussbaum Lecture, “The Development of Unity”
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 223-229
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1785664
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1785664
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:223-229
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susumu Cato
Author-X-Name-First: Susumu
Author-X-Name-Last: Cato
Title: Extending the Intersection Approach
Abstract:
The intersection approach is a common method of overcoming a conflict among multiple values. Under this approach, a state is more desirable than another if it is so for all criteria in question. A fundamental difficulty is that judgment under the intersection approach lacks completeness in too many cases. We propose alternative methods that extend the intersection approach: the union and union-intersection approaches. Our methods generate a (quasi-)coherence judgment which is more completed and can be applied to most problems of ethical indices.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 230-248
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1773776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1773776
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:230-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nico Brando
Author-X-Name-First: Nico
Author-X-Name-Last: Brando
Title: Children’s Abilities, Freedom, and the Process of Capability-Formation
Abstract:
When thinking about children's entitlements, priority tends to be given to protecting their well-being achievements, while limiting their entitlement to exercise freedoms and agency. An assumption of “inability” is used as the grounding justification for limiting children's freedom and agency. Using the capability approach (CA) as a method to conceptualise what is owed to individuals, this article shows that the justifiability of restricting freedom to “unable” individuals is not as straightforward as assumed. Understanding the role that abilities play in justifiably limiting freedom requires an assessment of what being “(un)able” means, and how this “inability” may translate into particular privileges or restrictions. The article, thus, intends to give an answer to the following questions: first, how should the concept of “ability” be understood within the CA? And, second, how does ability bind our understanding of the legitimate restriction of freedom and agency? The article offers a response to the first question through an evolving and dynamic understanding of “ability.” It claims, moreover, that the process through which abilities develop (the process of capability-formation) ought to be taken into account when assessing what is owed to an individual as a matter of justice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 249-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1767547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1767547
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:249-262
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin Fardell
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Fardell
Title: Conceptualising Capabilities and Dimensions of Advantage as Needs
Abstract:
Amartya Sen’s critique of the concept of need and his case for the superiority of capability as a measure of advantage have been highly influential. However, Sen perpetuates a caricature. Needs are not necessarily mere instrumental resource requirements achieving ends; the valuable ends of people’s lives can themselves constitute needs, as can freedoms. Indeed, these ideas are already present in basic needs theory. Moreover, official disavowals notwithstanding, expansive notions of need are implicitly present in certain important theories of capabilities and other advantages. Objections to need can be undermined in part by showing how this is the case. Aversion to need is unfortunate, because the concept offers powerful theoretical resources that could be better exploited if negative preconceptions were overcome and need were explicitly embraced. However, this proposal is friendly. It is not that need should replace, but that it can augment, other concepts. Drawing on need may assist with: selecting important capabilities or dimensions of advantage; marking a distinction of seriousness between these and relatively trivial advantages (and buttressing claims to the ethical or political priority of the former); explaining the incommensurability/non-substitutability of certain capabilities and dimensions of advantage, and; defining notions of sufficiency.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 263-276
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1777952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1777952
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:263-276
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Title: Introduction: Capabilities and Covid-19
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 277-279
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1790732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1790732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:277-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram
Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar
Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram
Title: Human Capabilities and Pandemics
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the course of nations, and threatens to erase significant achievements in development. These achievements have been partially motivated by the Capabilities Approach. To stem the widening and entrenchment of inequalities as so happens after epidemics and pandemics reflected in history, policy makers must understand and apply the CA to the COVID-19 response. Three aspects of the CA, including its critique of dominant paradigms and policies affecting human wellbeing, the conception of wellbeing as capabilities, and normative argument for every human being's equal moral claims to capabilities are discussed in relation to the spread of COVID-19 and the spectrum of social responses.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 280-286
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1786028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1786028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:280-286
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rhys Manley
Author-X-Name-First: Rhys
Author-X-Name-Last: Manley
Title: Light at the End of the Tunnel: The Capability Approach in the Aftermath of Covid 19
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 287-292
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1787358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1787358
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:287-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Anand
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Author-Name: Bob Ferrer
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer
Author-Name: Qin Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Qin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Ricardo Nogales
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Nogales
Author-Name: Ellaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Ellaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Title: COVID-19 as a Capability Crisis: Using the Capability Framework to Understand Policy Challenges
Abstract:
This paper shows how the policy challenges arising from COVID-19 can be understood by drawing on core concepts from the capability approach developed by Sen and others.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 293-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1789079
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1789079
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:293-299
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Jolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Jolly
Title: Advancing Human Development: Theory and Practice
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 300-301
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:300-301
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Brunner
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunner
Title: Social Policy and the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 301-303
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778229
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778229
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:301-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolph van der Hoeven
Author-X-Name-First: Rolph
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Hoeven
Title: Resurgent Asia: Diversity in Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 303-305
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1778230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1778230
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:3:p:303-305
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthias Kramm
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Kramm
Title: When a River Becomes a Person
Abstract:
In March 2017, the Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand was the first river to officially receive the status of a legal person. This legal personhood is based on the ontological understanding of the river as an indivisible and living whole and as the spiritual ancestor of the Whanganui Iwi (a Māori tribe). In this paper, I analyse the Te Awa Tupua Act in which the Whanganui River is declared a legal person and suggest to supplement the document with a cross-cultural account of the Whanganui River’s wellbeing and with two normative principles that can help to effectively protect the river. First, I distinguish between a pre-political, a legal, and an institutional level within the Te Awa Tupua Act. I then identify the normative issues at stake in conceptualising and protecting the river’s wellbeing. Subsequently, I discuss how the capability approach would need to be modified in order to incorporate the Whanganui River’s wellbeing in terms of functionings. In the final section, I suggest two duties that could supplement the normative framework of the Te Awa Tupua Act. The paper concludes with a policy recommendation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 307-319
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1801610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1801610
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:307-319
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi
Author-X-Name-First: Faith
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi
Author-Name: F. Melis Cin
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Melis Cin
Title: From Streets to Developing Aspirations: How Does Collective Agency for Education Change Marginalised Migrant Youths’ Lives?
Abstract:
This paper provides an account of migrant youths’ experiences of access to education through a social initiative-driven school and highlights how these youths developed pathways of aspirations to work for the good of the community. In doing so, the paper also provides a lens to the issues of migration in Southern Africa and a context in which to understand how collective action (agency) for education can deeply transform marginalised migrants’ aspirations and offer spaces of equality and agency for change. Drawing on data collected over a span of three years, the paper aims to illustrate how Albert Street School (Authority obtained to use original school name), established as a part of grass-root collective action, supports and impacts on migrants’ capabilities and how these capabilities lead to aspirations for public good. The narrative methodology used to understand migrant youths’ lives and experiences illustrates that collective capabilities have the potential to address different forms of disadvantage and distribute diverse and incommensurable good to local communities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 320-338
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1801609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1801609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:320-338
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph B. Ajefu
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajefu
Author-Name: Jacqueline Moodley
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline
Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley
Title: Parental Disability and Children's Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Tanzania
Abstract:
This paper examines the relationship between parental disability and children's educational outcomes in Tanzania. This paper uses data from the 2010–2011 and 2014–2015 waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TNPS) and a fixed effects estimation approach. The findings of this paper show that parental disability is associated with children being less likely to enrol in school and pass examinations. Also, we find a negative association between parental disability and the hours that children spend on their studies. However, we find no statistically significant association between parental disability and grades completed by children. We identify higher medical expenditures, lower educational expenditures and higher hours spent collecting firewood and fetching water as the potential mechanisms through which parental disability is negatively associated with children's educational outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 339-354
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1807479
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1807479
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:339-354
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jhonatan Clausen
Author-X-Name-First: Jhonatan
Author-X-Name-Last: Clausen
Author-Name: Nicolas Barrantes
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrantes
Title: Implementing a Group-Specific Multidimensional Poverty Measure: The Case of Persons with Disabilities in Peru
Abstract:
We contribute to the literature on multidimensional poverty and people with disabilities by developing a group-specific, comprehensive, and policy-relevant measure of multidimensional poverty adapted to exploring deprivations within the group of persons with disabilities in Peru. Based on the Alkire-Foster method, we calculated multidimensional poverty estimates using data from the first Specialised National Survey on Disability in Peru collected in 2012. Our measure included eight dimensions, four of which were operationalised using disability-specific indicators, of which, in turn, three involved deprivation criteria specific to different categories of disability. Our results showed that 41.1% of the population with disabilities in Peru suffer deprivations in at least three out of the eight dimensions, whereas rural populations, women, indigenous peoples, persons with severe disabilities, and persons with communication disabilities face the highest levels of poverty. Additionally, we identified rural indigenous women as the poorest subgroup within the overall group of persons with disabilities in Peru with a poverty incidence of 88.1%. Our results suggested that eradicating multidimensional poverty among persons with disabilities in Peru will involve implementing reasonable accommodations to existing policies and creating new disability-specific policies focused on the poorest subgroups within this population.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 355-388
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1828316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1828316
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:355-388
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucas McGranahan
Author-X-Name-First: Lucas
Author-X-Name-Last: McGranahan
Title: Meaningful Labour, Employee Ownership, and Workplace Democracy: A Comment on Weidel (2018)
Abstract:
Timothy Weidel has argued that Martha Nussbaum’s list of central capabilities should be amended to include a capability for meaningful labour. This paper extends Weidel’s ideas, arguing that meaningfulness in the workplace cannot be addressed without critically examining the formal ownership and management structure of businesses. Through specific examples, I argue that capabilities scholars and practitioners ought to encourage the proliferation of employee-owned and democratic businesses as a part of their human development strategy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 389-397
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1786677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1786677
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:389-397
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Simantini
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay
Title: Where India Goes: Abandoned Toilets, Stunted Development and the Costs of Caste
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 398-399
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1827517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1827517
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:398-399
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shailaja Fennell
Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Fennell
Title: Education and Disability in the Global South: New Perspectives from Africa and Asia
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 399-401
Issue: 4
Volume: 21
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1827518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1827518
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:21:y:2020:i:4:p:399-401
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. R. Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: S. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: Coping with Covid-19 from the Capability Perspective: A View from a Developing Country
Abstract:
Faced with cruel dilemmas posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, many developing countries have been reluctant to impose a strict shutdown, and even when they did they have tended to relax it prematurely. This is a manifestation of the way most policymakers continue to be guided by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth even if at the cost of human misery. This paper argues that there is a better way of handling the pandemic – one that places human capability at the centre of policymaking. The proposed strategy consists of a judicious combination of three types of policy instruments: (a) physical distancing through economic shutdown, as a means of containing the spread of infection, (b) bold measures of economic support, especially entitlement support to households, who are facing the spectre of hunger as a consequence of economic shutdown, and (c) an effective system of public health support, as a means of ensuring that the economy can be reopened ‘safely’. While all three instruments are important, special emphasis is given on the role of entitlement support, in the form of income protection for households who have lost their livelihoods. The specific empirical focus is on Bangladesh, but the arguments have more general validity.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1862974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1862974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:1-26
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minu Philip
Author-X-Name-First: Minu
Author-X-Name-Last: Philip
Author-Name: Debraj Ray
Author-X-Name-First: Debraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Ray
Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: Decoding India's Low Covid-19 Case Fatality Rate
Abstract:
India's case fatality rate (CFR) under Covid-19 is strikingly low, around 1.7% at the time of writing. The world average rate is far higher. Several observers have noted that this difference is at least partly due to India's younger age distribution. We use age-specific fatality rates from 17 comparison countries, coupled with India's distribution of Covid-19 cases, to “predict” India's CFR. In most cases, those predictions yield even lower numbers, suggesting that India's CFR is, if anything, too high rather than too low. We supplement the analysis with a decomposition exercise, and we additionally account for time lags between case incidence and death for a more relevant perspective under a growing pandemic. Our exercise underscores the importance of careful measurement and interpretation of the data, and emphasises the dangers of a misplaced complacency that could arise from an exclusive concern with aggregate statistics such as the CFR.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 27-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1863026
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:27-51
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Florian Chávez-Juárez
Author-X-Name-First: Florian
Author-X-Name-Last: Chávez-Juárez
Author-Name: Jaya Krishnakumar
Author-X-Name-First: Jaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnakumar
Title: CapMod: A Simulated Society to Evaluate Empirical Estimators of Capabilities
Abstract:
This article introduces an innovative approach to the validation of empirical methods aiming at estimating capabilities. Validating these empirical methods is difficult because capabilities are not directly observable. We propose a computational model to generate data from a simulated society, where we observe both functionings and capabilities. These data can then be used to compare estimation methods against each other. Most importantly, our data generating process is completely disconnected from any estimation procedure and can, therefore, be used to compare a variety of methods. The model is calibrated to the Mexican economy and coherently reproduces many stylised facts of this economy. The article also proposes a short illustrative analysis on how to use the simulated data and a section on how this can be implemented practically.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 52-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1850659
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:52-79
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Breena Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Breena
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Title: Connecting Capabilities Across the Species Divide: Friendship and Dignity in Difference
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 80-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1873477
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1873477
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:80-86
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Nussbaum Wichert
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-Last: Wichert
Author-Name: Martha C. Nussbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Martha C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaum
Title: Can There Be Friendship Between Human Beings and Wild Animals?
Abstract:
We examine the concept of friendship and then ask whether friendship is possible between humans and wild animals. We answer that such friendships may be possible if certain conditions are fulfilled. We consider a range of examples.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 87-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1871209
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1871209
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:87-107
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Linch
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Linch
Title: Friendship in Captivity? Plato’s Lysis as a Guide to Interspecies Justice
Abstract:
How should a just society treat the many non-human animals that live entirely within human societies? If securing the capabilities of non-human animals is a basic commitment of justice, how can we know which capabilities to secure, and at what level, to enable them to live lives worthy of their dignity? Friendship, as understood through Plato’s Lysis, suggests a posture toward animals that can enable humans to better apprehend what their flourishing requires and to embrace changes in human-animal relationships that are necessary to animals’ flourishing. This conception of friendship deepens the role of the species norm in evaluating humans’ relationships with animals and enables us to see the flourishing of other animals as intimately linked to human flourishing.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 108-130
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1865289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1865289
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:108-130
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolas Delon
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Delon
Title: Animal Capabilities and Freedom in the City
Abstract:
Animals who live in cities must coexist with us. They are, as a result, entitled to the conditions of their flourishing. This article argues that, as the boundaries of cities and urban areas expand, the boundaries of our conception of captivity should expand too. Urbanisation can undermine animals’ freedoms, hence their ability to live good lives. I draw the implications of an account of ‘pervasive captivity’ against the background of the Capabilities Approach. I construe captivity, including that of urban animals, as affecting a range of animal capabilities, understood as freedoms, and I address some tensions within Nussbaum’s treatment of human-animal conflicts. Using the Capabilities Approach as a guide, I will attempt to motivate a convergence between habitat preservation in urbanised environments, urban design guided by justice, and the individual freedoms of animals.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 131-153
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1869190
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1869190
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:131-153
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Bendik-Keymer
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Bendik-Keymer
Title: The Other Species Capability & the Power of Wonder
Abstract:
I argue that the Other Species Capability (OSC) in Martha Nussbaum's Capability Approach deserves a more central place in our thinking about human capability than has often been thought. In order to do so, I explain how the OSC protects the human power of biocentric wonder, which in turn has a power that is architectonic in some ways even to capabilities such as Practical Reason and Affiliation. The bulk of the paper explains the main history surrounding the OSC, what biocentric wonder is, why it should relate to an expanded understanding of freedom, and how these things relate to self-reflection and our capacity for moral regard. Our capacity to relate to other species ought to be seen as central to our ability to come to terms with who we are and to grasp moral regard for each other.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 154-179
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1869191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1869191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:154-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bénédicte Zimmermann
Author-X-Name-First: Bénédicte
Author-X-Name-Last: Zimmermann
Title: Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 180-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1866268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866268
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:180-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nafisa Waziri
Author-X-Name-First: Nafisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Waziri
Title: Measuring the Unmeasurable in Education
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 182-184
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:1:p:182-184
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joohee Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Joohee
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Hana Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hana
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: John Byrne
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Byrne
Title: Operationalising Capability Thinking in the Assessment of Energy Poverty Relief Policies: Moving from Compensation-based to Empowerment-focused Policy Strategies
Abstract:
This study examines a broader application of capability thinking in energy justice research, especially in the assessment of energy poverty relief policies. We review two emerging topics in energy research—energy justice and the capability approach—and connect them at the conceptual level. We then use both Sen’s and Nussbaum’s versions of capability theory to define three categories of ‘energy capabilities’ related to (a) biological and physical needs, (b) intellectual and emotional needs, and (c) social and political needs. The two primary evaluation criteria, compensation-based and empowerment-focused policy strategies, are distinguished using capability language. We apply this assessment framework to the case of U.S. energy poverty programs to examine whether current policy interventions address energy poverty in a systemic manner. Based on a review of the LIHEAP and WAP programs, we find that compensation measures have been at the centre of U.S. policy strategies for energy poverty alleviation. While financial aid can help at-risk households meet their urgent energy needs, bill assistance cannot be a long-term solution to the frequency and intensity of energy affordability challenges. Without solving the root cause of energy poverty, families may remain reliant on short-term financial assistance. Empowerment measures, in contrast, can create lasting improvement in all three categories of energy capabilities. We call for placing more emphasis on implementing energy-saving measures and developing community-based energy options for at-risk households.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 292-315
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887108
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:292-315
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fausto Corvino
Author-X-Name-First: Fausto
Author-X-Name-Last: Corvino
Author-Name: Giuseppe Pellegrini-Masini
Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe
Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrini-Masini
Author-Name: Alberto Pirni
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Pirni
Author-Name: Stefano Maran
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Maran
Title: Compensation for Energy Infrastructures: Can a Capability Approach be More Equitable?
Abstract:
In this article, we deal with the evaluation of the losses suffered by persons living in urban areas as a result of energy services. In the first part, we analyse how by adopting different informational foci we obtain contrasting interpersonal evaluations regarding the same loss. In the second part, we distinguish between a diachronic and a hypothetical/moralised threshold for harm in order to assess whether individuals are benefiting from or being harmed by a given energy service. Our argument is that the most accurate evaluation of an individual damage caused by an energy service can be obtained by using capabilities as informational focus, instead of realised wellbeing or means to wellbeing, and by interpreting the loss in relation to a hypothetical/moralised threshold that corresponds to a list of central capabilities. In the last part, we address monetary and non-monetary compensations for a loss that is evaluated in terms of capabilities. Accordingly, we expound how compensation policies can either restore the capabilities lost due to energy services or monetarily compensate the individual for the fact that a given capability (or set of capabilities) has been irremediably lost.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 197-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887106
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:197-217
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sushil Rajagopalan
Author-X-Name-First: Sushil
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajagopalan
Title: Who Benefits and How? A Capabilities Perspective on Solar Micro-grids in India
Abstract:
Off-grids such as solar micro-grids offer a sustainable solution in providing universal energy access. However, the literature points out that services gained rather than energy access through any technology matter to people. Using capability approach, this study focuses on understanding the role of solar micro-grids in improving the well-being of rural communities in India. The findings indicate that solar micro-grids play an important part in expanding people’s choices and opportunities. Women appear to have benefited through assistance in household chores and reduced drudgery, while men seem to value entertainment and socialisation aspects. However, these energy-related capabilities are, to an extent, defined by socio-economic identities such as gender roles, and certain biases can get reinforced due to the social norms and traditions of the society. The study thus recommends that energy interventions need to be designed keeping in touch with local values and realities, thus, helping policies to be more effective.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 316-335
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901671
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901671
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:316-335
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Author-Name: B. Riley
Author-X-Name-First: B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Riley
Author-Name: L. O’Neill
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Neill
Author-Name: G. Maynard
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maynard
Title: Transition to Renewable Energy and Indigenous People in Northern Australia: Enhancing or Inhibiting Capabilities?
Abstract:
This paper uses the capability approach to analyse renewable energy developments on Aboriginal land in Australia’s Pilbara and Kimberley regions. These regions in the north-west of Australia have very high rates of Indigenous land tenure, and are attractive for both solar and wind power generation, particularly as developing technology makes it economically feasible to transport power over large distances. They are also remote from Australia’s electricity networks and often rely on expensive fossil fuels for electricity generation. Resident Aboriginal communities are among the most income-poor in Australia yet live in regions rich in renewable energy. Their ability to benefit from the opportunities offered by a transition to renewable sources of energy varies according to a number of factors. This paper examines the conditions under which Indigenous capabilities may be enhanced or inhibited, through examining three scales of energy generation: large-scale developments for export; remote utility-owned networks; and small-scale standalone off-grid applications. This paper will ask what capabilities can Indigenous people achieve from a just approach to a renewable energy transition in northern Australia, and what capabilities are required in order to gain maximum benefit from this current rapid energy transition?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 360-378
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901670
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:360-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanni Frigo
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Frigo
Author-Name: Manuel Baumann
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Baumann
Author-Name: Rafaela Hillerbrand
Author-X-Name-First: Rafaela
Author-X-Name-Last: Hillerbrand
Title: Energy and the Good Life: Capabilities as the Foundation of the Right to Access Energy Services
Abstract:
Access to an adequate level of uninterrupted, high quality, affordable, sufficient and useful energy services varies dramatically across countries. While some nations still experience energy poverty and struggle to fulfil basic needs, others consume well over what is considered sufficient to sustain wellbeing and human flourishing. These imbalances represent fundamental injustices that must be urgently addressed and resolved. Given current inequalities, this paper asks, in general, whether it is possible to establish a human right to energy and, more specifically, whether the Capabilities Approach (CA) can provide a solid theoretical foundation for the claim to a human right to access energy services. We argue, on the one hand, that it is possible to identify concrete ranges of individual energy consumption that, if “translated” into useful energy services, constitute the adequate (not just minimal) preconditions for achieving core capabilities in different geographical contexts. On the other hand, we use the CA as a normative framework to argue for a capability-based human right to access necessary energy services such as nutrition, cooking fuel and electricity. We support these claims in two main ways. First, by looking at how individual energy consumption impacts human development and wellbeing. Second, we offer a comparison between access to specific energy services and the Human Development Index (HDI). The human right to access necessary energy services should be understood in both moral and legal terms. It should be integrated within both the international United Nations human rights framework and international energy law.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 218-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887109
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887109
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:218-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Françoise Bartiaux
Author-X-Name-First: Françoise
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartiaux
Author-Name: Rosie Day
Author-X-Name-First: Rosie
Author-X-Name-Last: Day
Author-Name: Willy Lahaye
Author-X-Name-First: Willy
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahaye
Title: Energy Poverty as a Restriction of Multiple Capabilities: A Systemic Approach for Belgium
Abstract:
Energy poverty is a multidimensional issue and the capability approach is fruitful to show how energy-poor households are restricted in many aspects of well-being. With reference to Nussbaum’s Central Capabilities, and based on qualitative interviews, this contribution aims to illustrate how energy-poor people are limited in five capabilities in their daily life and how these restricted capabilities sometimes reinforce each other in vicious circles. The capabilities analysed are related to material property (“Control over one’s material environment”), recreational activities (“Play”), culture (“Senses, imagination and thoughts”), expression and management of emotions (“Emotions”), and to health and adequate nutrition (“Bodily Health”). These five capabilities are chosen for this contribution and analysed in this order because a recent quantitative study for Belgium has shown that the differences in their deployment are the highest between energy-poor households and energy-rich ones. Data for the present contribution are drawn from 60 in-depth interviews with persons in energy poverty that were carried out in 2014–2017 in the three Regions of Belgium.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 270-291
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887107
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887107
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:270-291
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anders Melin
Author-X-Name-First: Anders
Author-X-Name-Last: Melin
Author-Name: Rosie Day
Author-X-Name-First: Rosie
Author-X-Name-Last: Day
Author-Name: Kirsten E. H. Jenkins
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten E. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins
Title: Energy Justice and the Capability Approach—Introduction to the Special Issue
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 185-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1909546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1909546
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:185-196
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafaela Hillerbrand
Author-X-Name-First: Rafaela
Author-X-Name-Last: Hillerbrand
Author-Name: Christine Milchram
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Milchram
Author-Name: Jens Schippl
Author-X-Name-First: Jens
Author-X-Name-Last: Schippl
Title: Using the Capability Approach as a normative perspective on energy justice: Insights from two case studies on digitalisation in the energy sector
Abstract:
This paper explores how the Capability Approach (CA) can enrich the concept of energy justice by assessing the impact of two cases of digitalisation in the energy sector. Digitalisation promises technical solutions to pressing challenges in the energy sector such as climate change and fossil fuel scarcity. Current academic and popular discussions of these solutions are dominated by a techno-utopian ideal, which sometimes obscures complex ethical and social challenges. Furthermore, technology assessment in the energy sector often focuses on environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, while issues of energy justice or broader ethical concerns are often a low priority. In this paper, we explore whether Nussbaum’s version of the CA can be used as a systematic approach to the assessment of technological options that helps bring energy justice into the spotlight. Drawing on examples from two different areas of the energy system, namely, smart grids for the electricity sector and autonomous vehicles for the mobility sector, we demonstrate that the CA provides a normative framework that allows for aspects of individual deliberation and as such is well suited as a normative metric for the conception of energy justice in social science.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 336-359
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1901672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1901672
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:336-359
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Groves
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Groves
Author-Name: Fiona Shirani
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Shirani
Author-Name: Nick Pidgeon
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Pidgeon
Author-Name: Catherine Cherry
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry
Author-Name: Gareth Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Gareth
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Erin Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Erin
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Karen Henwood
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Henwood
Title: A Missing Link? Capabilities, the Ethics of Care and the Relational Context of Energy Justice
Abstract:
Difficulties experienced in obtaining energy services have been represented as unjust because of how they can prevent people from realising primary human capabilities. Capabilities are relational, being embedded within complex interdependencies between people and socio-material systems. These complexities can cause problems for approaches to energy justice that are based on concepts of welfare rights. We argue that the ethics of care, with its emphasis on relationality as the ground of obligation, and particularly on how social relationships are bound up with power and responsibility, can provide firmer foundations for thinking about energy injustice. Care ethicists distinguish between different forms of dependency, some necessary, others oppressive. Using qualitative longitudinal methods to explore people’s experiences of energy challenges and energy vulnerability can show how power and responsibility within dependency relationships can change over time. With data from a longitudinal study in South Wales, we explore how everyday energy-using practices can become entangled with harmful forms of dependency. We show how the everyday ethical evaluation of these relationship undertaken by participants harmonises with the ethics of care. Our data show the utility of understanding relationships of dependence within the energy system in terms of responsibility and irresponsibility, in order to better understand energy injustice.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 249-269
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1887105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1887105
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:2:p:249-269
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica van Jaarsveld
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: van Jaarsveld
Title: How Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach Values the Environment: Extrinsically But as an End?
Abstract:
How Nussbaum’s capabilities approach engages with non-human nature is a topic of growing interest, though such work tends to focus on Nussbaum’s proposal to expand her approach to conceive of the flourishing of non-human animals. Less explored but still worth investigating is how her approach, insofar as it applies to humans, relates to the environment. I consequently ask, what kind of value does Nussbaum’s approach, as a conception of human flourishing, ascribe to the natural environment? Though widely assumed to value the natural environment instrumentally, I argue that it is instead plausible, and perhaps even more in keeping with certain commitments of the approach, to see it as valuing the environment extrinsically but as an end. I focus on Nussbaum’s eighth capability, “Other Species,” which refers to living with concern for and in relation to the world of nature, and argue that the value attributed to the environment by this capability may be extrinsically located, but should not be assumed to only be instrumental. By using Christine Korsgaard’s work on distinguishing between different kinds of valuing, I suggest a new way to understand how Nussbaum’s approach values the environment that has not been defended at length before.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 468-485
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1879747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1879747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:468-485
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raffaella Pizzamiglio
Author-X-Name-First: Raffaella
Author-X-Name-Last: Pizzamiglio
Author-Name: Pamela Kovacs
Author-X-Name-First: Pamela
Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacs
Title: Accelerating Women’s Empowerment Through Legal Empowerment and Social Accountability Strategies
Abstract:
While legal empowerment (LE) and social accountability (SA) strategies have evolved separately, they share common aims and overriding principles. Both promote human rights and social justice and provide knowledge and skills to individuals and communities to act and seek solutions to problems through grassroots education, mobilisation and empowerment. Further, they help strengthen participatory decision-making and power-sharing between poor and marginalised communities and state authorities. This article reviews the International Development Law Organization’s (IDLO’s) approach in integrating LE and SA strategies for HIV prevention programming among adolescent girls and young women and its promising potential for women’s empowerment.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 517-526
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1890005
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1890005
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:517-526
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Devin K. Joshi
Author-X-Name-First: Devin K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi
Title: Footprints of a Winning Idea: Three Decades of the Human Development Paradigm (1990–2019)
Abstract:
The rise and fall of international development paradigms has long captured the interest of scholars, but interpreting whether a paradigm is winning or losing depends largely on how we measure its success. In this research note, we contribute to this debate by assessing the influence of development paradigms via comparative bibliometric analysis. Focusing on the human development and capabilities approach (HDCA) promoted by the Human Development Reports (HDRs) of the United Nations, our analysis reveals how the HDCA has emerged to become an influential paradigm of development over the last three decades. As the HDCA has fared impressively well vis-à-vis numerous alternative development paradigms and approaches including Marxism, modernisation theory, dependency theory, “pro-poor growth” and “aid effectiveness,” we conclude that despite being relatively new, the HDCA has become one of the most influential approaches to development in the world today.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 506-516
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1908240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1908240
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:506-516
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Mitchell
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell
Author-Name: Jimena Macció
Author-X-Name-First: Jimena
Author-X-Name-Last: Macció
Title: Using Multidimensional Poverty Measures in Impact Evaluation: Emergency Housing and the “Declustering” of Disadvantage
Abstract:
During the past two decades, impact evaluation and multidimensional poverty measurement have gained increasing relevance in development practice and research. The objective of this paper is to propose empirical strategies for using the multidimensional poverty measures proposed by Alkire and Foster (2011. “Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement.” Journal of Public Economics 95 (7–8): 476–487) in impact evaluation. The principal argument for taking this approach is that it provides a means for assessing the effects of social programmes on the simultaneous occurrence or joint frequency of deprivations, what Wolff and de-Shalit (2007. Disadvantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press) call the “clustering” of disadvantage. As the interrelation between functionings tends to bind disadvantages together, social programmes that “decluster” disadvantages could produce benefits that go beyond improvements in multiple wellbeing dimensions individually. These strategies are applied to the evaluation of the NGO TECHO’s emergency housing programme in the informal settlements of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results show that the programme produces a large reduction in the simultaneous occurrence of disadvantages. Privacy, interpersonal relations and psychological health are the dimensions that contribute the most to explaining the decline in multidimensional deprivation. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of the results to changes in the criteria used to construct the multidimensional poverty measure.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 379-402
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1847052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1847052
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:379-402
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sophie Hickey
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hickey
Title: Talking Back to the Research: Indigenous Wellbeing and Resilience Narratives from Urban Australia
Abstract:
Resilience is instrumental in understanding the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples in colonised countries. Investigator-driven, quantitative descriptive studies can limit capacity for Indigenous people to “talk back” to the research process with their own perspectives of wellbeing and resilience. A Human Development and Capabilities approach can elicit self-determining definitions of wellbeing. This study presents findings from qualitative life history interviews of the self-defined health trajectories from a group of 11 Indigenous adults living in an Australian urban setting. In contrast to the prevailing deficit discourse, interviewees spoke about their strength and resilience. Common areas of health and wellbeing discussion such as socioeconomic disadvantage, family dysfunction, stress, problematic alcohol use and mental illness became transformed into narratives of never being without, the opportunity for upwards social mobility, the importance of family as positive role models and social support, abstinence, learning from past experiences and coping through challenges. Historical context, intergenerational trauma and racism impact wellbeing, yet are often not measured in large quantitative studies. Findings support affirmative action initiatives to reduce socioeconomic disadvantage to improve wellbeing. Narrative-based capability approaches provide contextualisation to how Indigenous people navigate through significant life events to maintain wellbeing.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 423-445
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1882966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1882966
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:423-445
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura López-Muñoz
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: López-Muñoz
Author-Name: Bert Ingelaere
Author-X-Name-First: Bert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingelaere
Title: Rural Youth’s Capacity to Aspire: What Role for Local Government Actions?
Abstract:
The capacity to aspire is understood as the capacity to identify and navigate pathways to realise personal ideas of the good life. The constrained capacity to aspire of poor people inhibits their ability to change their circumstances. The questions at the heart of this paper are whether local government plays a role in the development of this capacity and how. We examined these questions through interviews with over 50 young people in a rural municipality in Colombia, where particular development-related strategies are implemented, and found that local government can strengthen the capacity to aspire by creating spaces of participation and assisting access to higher education. However, corruption, unsustainability, discontinuity of programmes, and the disregard of youth preferences constitute hindrances to the capacity to aspire that originate from government action as well. This discussion is developed around the notions of conversion factors, practical reasoning, terms of recognition, and human agency. The paper concludes that the capacity to aspire can be developed by including youth voices in policy planning, which would initiate new levels of interaction with the government that could further change the terms of recognition, and by adopting a political discourse that takes the capacity to aspire seriously.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 403-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1845127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1845127
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:403-422
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bhaskar Jyoti Neog
Author-X-Name-First: Bhaskar Jyoti
Author-X-Name-Last: Neog
Author-Name: Bimal Kishore Sahoo
Author-X-Name-First: Bimal Kishore
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo
Title: Defining and Measuring Informality in India
Abstract:
The present study contributes to the limited literature on the assessment of job quality (JQ) in India. In doing so, it acknowledges the close relationship between JQ, informality and worker wellbeing. We propose an alternative method of defining informality by distinguishing workers based on multiple dimensions of JQ. Our empirical exercise is guided by the capabilities framework as developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, among others. The study uses the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data for the three years 2004–05, 2009–10 and 2011–12. Cluster analysis is used to distinguish workers into good-quality and bad-quality jobs. We also apply the fuzzy set theory to compare the JQ of formal and informal workers under different dimensions. Our results indicate a significant overlap in the trends and determinants of informality under alternative definitions. Further, we find extensive work-based insecurities among the informally employed, especially among specific segments of the population.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 486-505
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2020.1845128
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2020.1845128
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:486-505
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Fungisai Chipango
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Fungisai
Author-X-Name-Last: Chipango
Title: Beyond Utilitarian Economics: A Capability Approach to Energy Poverty and Social Suffering
Abstract:
This article uses energy poverty and social suffering phenomena to show the inadequacy of utilitarian policy-making that puts primary focus on resource generation and availability as a means of socio-economic development. This approach fails to acknowledge that energy generation can go-hand-in-hand with energy poverty and social suffering. Drawing on empirical qualitative research in Zimbabwe, the article shows how a lack of social and political-economic capabilities contributes to energy poverty, which consequently leads to social suffering. The article draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and then extends the argument through a Foucauldian analysis of power. It concludes that the local people of the region studied are more capability poor than energy poor. The article proposes a sense of capability, or the evaluation of the subjective and enduring experience of capability deprivation resulting from one’s social position, as an important consideration in energy policy. Policy makers should consider wellbeing as a basis for energy policy and the generated data could feed into a wider multidimensional measure of energy poverty that includes not only objective criteria, but associated perceptions as well.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 446-467
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1871594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1871594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:3:p:446-467
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shipra Narang Suri
Author-X-Name-First: Shipra
Author-X-Name-Last: Narang Suri
Author-Name: Martino Miraglia
Author-X-Name-First: Martino
Author-X-Name-Last: Miraglia
Author-Name: Andrea Ferrannini
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrannini
Title: Voluntary Local Reviews as Drivers for SDG Localisation and Sustainable Human Development
Abstract:
If the transformative potential of the Agenda 2030 is to be realised, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have to be fully embraced at the local level. Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) have recently emerged as a powerful tool to localise the SDGs, representing an innovation by and for the cities to advance progress on their local priorities in a participatory, inclusive and transparent manner.Through the capability lens, this paper briefly analyses recent experiences of a range of VLRs, by focusing on four issues. First, VLRs strengthen the innovation of data and measurement frameworks at the local level; second, through participation and inclusion of communities and minorities, VLRs foster transparency and accountability, hence contributing towards (re)building the social contract; third, VLR processes have been widely anchored to the design of new long-term strategic plans for sustainable human development; and, fourth, VLRs contribute to overcome institutional fragmentation and foster multilevel policy coherence towards the SDGs.Our policy insights and recommendations intend contributing to laying the foundation for the next generation of local reviews in line with the core elements of the Capability Approach and the sustainable human development paradigm.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 725-736
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986689
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986689
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:725-736
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Title: Editorial: A “Decade for Action” on SDG Localisation
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 706-712
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986809
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:706-712
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iñaki Permanyer
Author-X-Name-First: Iñaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer
Author-Name: Diederik Boertien
Author-X-Name-First: Diederik
Author-X-Name-Last: Boertien
Title: Global Trends in Education Inequality: 1950–2010
Abstract:
We document trends in global education inequality and its between and within-country components using absolute, intermediate and relative inequality measures. Existing studies have relied on converting categorical variables into continuous ones to estimate levels of inequality. Such procedures might not capture recent expansions in the duration of educational programmes. We therefore compiled a database of 1164 datasets with information on years of education from a large set of countries across the world. According to our results, the absolute, intermediate and relative perspectives generate inconsistent narratives about recent trends in education inequality. While relative global inequality and its within- and between-country components have fallen monotonically during the last decades, absolute and intermediate inequality measures of actual years of education suggest that there might be a recent upsurge in global education inequality. Irrespective of the notion of inequality we adhere to, the bulk of global education inequality is explained more and more by variations within countries, with between-country inequality gradually losing ground as a source of variation. These findings suggest that the forces of globalisation are rendering countries increasingly similar among them, and that whether global education inequality actually increments or decrements increasingly depends on what happens within those countries.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 615-646
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1911968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1911968
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:615-646
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meera Tiwari
Author-X-Name-First: Meera
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari
Title: How to Achieve the “Leave No One Behind” Pledge of the SDGs in Newham and Tower Hamlets, East London
Abstract:
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are intended to make the 17 goals and the 169 targets globally applicable with the necessary contextualisation so as to “leave no one behind” (LNOB). This paper examines how the SDGs can be localised to LNOB in the London boroughs of Newham and Tower Hamlets. These boroughs with one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the country are amongst the high grow boroughs of London but also with one of the highest social and economic deprivations. The research offers insights into how policy framework requires a targeted engagement with marginalised communities. The empowerment of such individuals and communities can in turn enable them to access opportunities that require higher levels of skills in their home boroughs and elsewhere in London. Additionally, the inclusion of cultural norms and practices can further strengthen the process to address the capability deprivations. This approach therefore has wider relevance to achieving the “LNOB” pledge of the SDGs. Globally, in both developed and developing countries, some marginalised communities living with intergenerational deprivations remain untouched by macro-level efforts.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 748-758
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1990228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1990228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:748-758
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Flavio Comim
Author-X-Name-First: Flavio
Author-X-Name-Last: Comim
Title: Realising the Demographic Dividend: Policies to Achieve Inclusive Growth in India
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 760-762
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985844
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:760-762
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Niaz Asadullah
Author-X-Name-First: M. Niaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Asadullah
Author-Name: Norma Mansor
Author-X-Name-First: Norma
Author-X-Name-Last: Mansor
Author-Name: Antonio Savoia
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Savoia
Title: Understanding a “Development Miracle”: Poverty Reduction and Human Development in Malaysia Since the 1970s
Abstract:
This paper provides a systematic assessment of the alleged exceptionality of Malaysia’s development progress and its likely explanations, in comparative perspective. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indices of education, health, poverty and gender equality outcomes, we produce evidence based on conditional correlations, offering three findings. First, the results support the hypothesis that Malaysia’s human development progress has been exceptional compared with that of countries with a similar level of economic development, primarily for the period 1970–1990. Next, we show that such progress is associated with a combination of income-mediated and support-led mechanisms, including Malaysia’s early emphasis on education and health inputs and infrastructure development. Finally, we look at long-term roots of its progress, arguing that early advantage in state capacity may be at the origin of Malaysia’s successful implementation of poverty reduction and growth-enhancing policies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 551-576
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1975664
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1975664
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yei-Whei Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Yei-Whei
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Changing Trends in China’s Inequality: Evidence, Analysis, and Prospects
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 763-764
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985842
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:763-764
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jay Drydyk
Author-X-Name-First: Jay
Author-X-Name-Last: Drydyk
Title: Capability and Oppression
Abstract:
The capability approach focuses on understanding and removing unfreedom, so it is surprising that connections between capability and oppression have been little discussed. I take seven steps towards filling that void. (1) There is an intuitive conceptual connection if we understand “oppression” as being held or confined to low capability levels. (2) Normatively, it is noteworthy that oppressed people are held at low capability levels as a result of the agency of others, even if (as in systemic or structural oppression) this effect is not always intended. (3) Capability research can contribute to explaining and understanding oppression, including systemic or structural oppression, and (4) this research not only allows but invites inquiry into what is distinctive about specific forms of oppression. (5) Why these unfreedoms are pervasive and persistent requires deeper explanations, which have agency foundations: one group contributes causally to reducing the agency freedom of others, whether this reduction is anyone’s purpose or not. (6) Our thinking about what is wrong with oppression must match our understanding of why it is pervasive and persistent; thus (7) recognising oppression as a kind of subjection is essential for understanding what is wrong with systemic oppression.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 527-550
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1982880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1982880
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:527-550
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Diana Velasco
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Velasco
Author-Name: Mahlodi Tau
Author-X-Name-First: Mahlodi
Author-X-Name-Last: Tau
Title: The Role of Transformative Innovation for SDGs Localisation. Insights from the South-African “Living Catchments Project”
Abstract:
The 2030 Agenda positioned Science, Technology and Innovation as crucial means for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores how a localised South-African policy experiment named the “Living Catchments Project” (LC Project) contributes towards the SDGs. This project is part of a portfolio of experiments to trigger innovation for transformative change in South Africa. The LCP team worked directly with the Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC) researchers adding a transformative layer to the project’s design and implementation. The project embraces uncertainty and complexity by promoting experimentation to inform and facilitate learning processes and changes in people, organisations and institutions. Additionally, we combine the TIP perspective with core concepts of the capability approach: capabilities, agency, democratic deliberation and conversion factors. With this integrated approach, we explore what the capability approach can offer to the LC Project. We conclude with policy recommendations on the potentialities and constraints of the combined TIP- capability approach for achieving the SDGs and conducting transformative innovation experiments.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 737-747
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986688
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986688
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:737-747
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Burchi
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Burchi
Author-Name: José Espinoza-Delgado
Author-X-Name-First: José
Author-X-Name-Last: Espinoza-Delgado
Author-Name: Claudio E. Montenegro
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Montenegro
Author-Name: Nicole Rippin
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: Rippin
Title: An Individual-based Index of Multidimensional Poverty for Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Abstract:
This paper proposes a new index of multidimensional poverty, called the Global Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index (G-CSPI), which has three interesting features. First, it encompasses three dimensions: decent work, education and access to drinking water and sanitation, which largely overlap with the list of ideal dimensions obtained by expanding the Constitutional Approach, although it does not include direct health measures. Second, it uses a distribution-sensitive measure that can also be decomposed into the three poverty components: incidence, intensity and inequality. Finally, the G-CSPI is an individual-based, rather than household-based index, although restricted to individuals 15–65 years of age. It is thus able to detect intra-household differences in poverty among members within that age-range. To have a full picture of multidimensional poverty at the country level, it should then be complemented by specific poverty measures for children and the elderly. Being centred on individuals and sensitive to inequality, the G-CSPI is coherent with the overarching principle of the 2030 Agenda “leaving no one behind”. Using recent estimates of the G-CSPI for 104 countries, the empirical analysis reveals that the index is highly robust to different specifications, and that, as expected, fragile countries experience the largest levels of poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 682-705
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1964450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1964450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:682-705
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anupam Pandey
Author-X-Name-First: Anupam
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey
Title: Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach and the Relevance of Universality in the Af-Pak Region
Abstract:
This paper aims to show the relevance and applicability of Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach (MNCA) in feminism to the lives of the women in Afghanistan-Pakistan (Af-Pak) regions who are impacted by war, underdevelopment, entrenched patriarchy and religious fundamentalism and face its deadly repercussions on their daily lives and human rights. Contrary to the reductionist representation of women in these regions in terms of their religio-cultural identity, this article bases itself in their harsh, socio-economic-political reality, history of the cold war, erosion of democratic institutions, war on terror and the rise of militarism and nationalism. Thus, issues of development, specifically, gender gap and human rights need to be brought centre-stage to address the systematic violation of women’s rights. The MNCA, being rooted in the dignity and personhood of each individual, is an indispensable baseline in terms of basic human rights for women in the Af-Pak region. Here, I show how the MNCA does not contradict institutions of family, culture and religion in the region and actually serves to build a bridge between universality and the specific local context.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 597-614
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1954892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1954892
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:597-614
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Live Danbolt Drange
Author-X-Name-First: Live Danbolt
Author-X-Name-Last: Drange
Title: Indigenous Peoples and Rights to Land and Water in 2019: How do Countries that Have Ratified the ILO-convention 169 Comply?
Abstract:
In 2019, the International Labour Organization (ILO), celebrated its 100th anniversary and 30 years since it in 1989 adopted the Convention Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, C169. C169 lays the foundation for a model for a relationship among indigenous peoples and the nation-state in which they live. It defines territorial areas of indigenous peoples and gives them the right to be heard before governments implement measures. C169 is a central instrument in the progress of acknowledging indigenous rights and including them in national laws. The first country to ratify C169 was Norway, followed by Bolivia and Ecuador. These countries have implemented C169 in their legislation. The high-income country Norway and the Andean countries are distinct in many ways. Sámi and the Indigenous peoples of the Amazon still have shared experiences with the nation-state and rights to land and water. With relevant examples from Bolivia, Ecuador and Norway, the article will examine the significance of C169 when the interests of indigenous peoples are conflicting with the nation-state’s interests. It will look into the role of the conventions when conflicts arise. What challenges do nation-states meet in the obligation to secure indigenous peoples' right to live a good life enjoying substantive freedoms as is the main focus in the capability approach?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 577-596
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1953965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1953965
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:577-596
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Shaffer
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaffer
Title: Dimensions of Poverty: Measurement, Epistemic Injustices, Activism
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 759-760
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985838
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985838
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:759-760
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nozomi Sakata
Author-X-Name-First: Nozomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakata
Title: Capability Approach to Valued Pedagogical Practices in Tanzania: An Alternative to Learner-Centred Pedagogy?
Abstract:
Pedagogy significantly affects children’s learning and growth, but appropriate pedagogy in the Global South is still under-theorised and lacks empirical evidence. With the aim of proposing pedagogical approaches alternative to the dominant framework – the ‘learner-centred pedagogy’ currently implemented by international donors in a top-down manner – this research has explored locally-relevant pedagogy through a bottom-up process. By applying the capability approach, it has examined achievements and pedagogy valued by primary teachers in Tanzania. The analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews applied the critical realist concept of the ‘four-planar social being’. This revealed the hegemonic power dynamics between the international, national and local players as well as those between the researcher and researched, plausibly shaping the teachers’ valued pedagogies. The effort undertaken to appreciate people’s values could intensify the ideological colonisation through pedagogy that learner-centred pedagogy has inherently imposed on the Global South.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 663-681
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1882409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1882409
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:663-681
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edgardo Bilsky
Author-X-Name-First: Edgardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilsky
Author-Name: Anna Calvete Moreno
Author-X-Name-First: Anna Calvete
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno
Author-Name: Ainara Fernández Tortosa
Author-X-Name-First: Ainara
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández Tortosa
Title: Local Governments and SDG Localisation: Reshaping Multilevel Governance from the Bottom up
Abstract:
As acknowledged in the literature on Sustainable Human Development, the involvement of local levels of government in delivering the SDGs is an important issue and one that needs to be examined also through the capability approach. Through an analysis of the current state and evolution of the SDG localisation movement, and even in the response to the COVID-19 crisis, the paper identifies entry points that can be leveraged to enhance institutional capabilities to deliver sustainable development. Indeed, the SDG localisation movement is expanding in almost all regions, showing an increasing polysemy of meanings and modalities for local governments and stakeholders. The movement has witnessed valuable progress with the expansion of Voluntary Local and Subnational Reviews (VLRs and VSRs respectively), the transformation of limited consultative approaches into an enhanced involvement of a plurality of actors, including citizen participation, and the evolution from restricted spaces for dialogue to ambitious multilevel governance arrangements and multistakeholder co-creation efforts that, following the capability approach, recognise the diversity of abilities. These improvements have fostered local ownership and catalysed opportunities for joint achievements. After all, local governments, as the level of government closest to the population, are best placed to respond to their needs and priorities, and to leverage their collective capabilities and agency to develop common pathways using the SDGs as enablers of change. All these efforts promote the production of collective knowledge which can progressively transform local institutions and support the evolution of multilevel governance processes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 713-724
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1986690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1986690
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:713-724
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joshua Isaac Fox
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Isaac
Author-X-Name-Last: Fox
Title: The Freedom-based Critique of Well-Being’s Exclusive Moral Claim
Abstract:
Amartya Sen has suggested that the moral significance of freedom undermines the view that well-being alone possesses fundamental moral worth. Sen’s efforts to establish this claim, however, seem to fall short: he attempts to establish freedom’s independent moral significance by pointing to the value of autonomy, but explains the value of autonomy in terms of its role as an element of well-being. Nonetheless, I take it that Sen is very much on the right track: well-being is not the only fundamental moral value, and an examination of freedom’s moral significance really will bring this out. I thus offer my own version of the freedom-based critique of well-being’s exclusive moral claim, focusing not on autonomy but what Sen has called “well-being freedom.” The value of this variety of freedom derives, I will suggest, not from the value of well-being itself but the value of well-being potential. Well-being freedom matters not only because promoting it is a way of promoting human well-being, but also because respecting it is a way of respecting the dignity of human nature. The freedom-based critique of well-being’s moral uniqueness succeeds even if Sen’s particular version of it does not.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 647-662
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1966612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1966612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:22:y:2021:i:4:p:647-662
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahmoud Soliman
Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud
Author-X-Name-Last: Soliman
Author-Name: Laura Sulin
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Sulin
Author-Name: Ecem Karlıdağ-Dennis
Author-X-Name-First: Ecem
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlıdağ-Dennis
Title: Building Capabilities of Youth Through Participatory Oral History Project: The South Hebron Hills, a Palestinian Case Study
Abstract:
Drawing from the capabilities approach (Sen 1999; Nussbaum 2000) and reflecting on Fricker’s (2007) epistemic (in)justice, this paper seeks to explain how a participatory oral history project enabled youth researchers in Palestine to increase their capabilities to participate in political and social life in their communities by fostering their attachment to the land and by increasing understanding of their cultural heritage. Due to the occupation, Palestinian youth researchers have been exposed to epistemic inequalities. They have been systematically prevented from exercising their political functionings; they cannot voice their ideas on freedom, heritage and land. Findings show that through participatory research, the youth researchers took an active role in their communities to cultivate their epistemic abilities to be the narrators of their own stories and to create public advocacy. Whilst acknowledging the intersectional power dynamics and oppression that govern their lives, the paper explores the possibility of participatory research in redressing epistemic injustices caused by structural inequalities and in disrupting colonial relations of domination. The research indicates that even in politically fragile contexts, participatory research can promote critical reflection, challenge the social imaginaries stigmatising the youth, and provide opportunities to develop political capabilities for social and public advocacy.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 116-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2019690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2019690
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:116-135
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monique Leivas Vargas
Author-X-Name-First: Monique
Author-X-Name-Last: Leivas Vargas
Author-Name: Marta Maicas-Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Maicas-Pérez
Author-Name: Carmen Monge Hernández
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Monge Hernández
Author-Name: Álvaro Fernández-Baldor
Author-X-Name-First: Álvaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Baldor
Title: “They Take Away What We Are”: Contributions of a Participatory Process with Photovoice to the Capabilities for Epistemic Liberation of Young People
Abstract:
Young people have historically been marginalised and excluded from decision-making related to city life and territorial planning. Relegated to exercising a passive role until the reach of the legal age, young people suffer oppressions that can occur from a banking education perspective at secondary education. Using the Freirian approach to liberating education, we identify four oppressions that can occur at a structural level and in the communicative interactions between students and teachers: ontological, epistemic – expressive and interpretive – and epistemological oppressions. In this article, we analyse a photovoice experience “They take away what we are” developed with 27 young high school students’ at the city of Valencia, Spain. This participatory process has strengthened the four capabilities for the epistemic liberation of the students: the capability to be and recognise oneself as a producer of valid knowledge; the capability to do from teamwork, in the neighbourhood and with the people who inhabit it; the capability to learn from different local and global knowledge; and the capability to transform space through collective action. This photovoice experience has raised the voices of youth about what they want to be, the life they want to live and the territories they dream of inhabiting.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 50-72
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2005555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2005555
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:50-72
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Author-Name: Carmen Martinez-Vargas
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Vargas
Author-Name: Melis Cin
Author-X-Name-First: Melis
Author-X-Name-Last: Cin
Title: An Epistemological Break: Redefining Participatory Research in Capabilitarian Scholarship
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-7
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2019987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2019987
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko
Author-Name: Aimee Dastin
Author-X-Name-First: Aimee
Author-X-Name-Last: Dastin
Author-Name: Maddy Merrill
Author-X-Name-First: Maddy
Author-X-Name-Last: Merrill
Author-Name: Roma Sheth
Author-X-Name-First: Roma
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheth
Title: Marginalised Youth Activism: Peer-Engaged Research and Epistemic Justice
Abstract:
Marginalised peoples, especially marginalised youth, are among those least able to exercise their rights to participate in processes of social change that affect them, to be heard and understood, to be accepted as authentic knowers and to share in the co-creation of political awareness and social knowledge, a condition Miranda Fricker has labelled epistemic injustice. Yet, in many societies, youth are uniting to demand to be heard and to claim their right to participate in the creation of political and social change at home and globally. Based on 25 interviews in 10 countries, we examine the experience of marginalised youth activists as it relates to epistemic injustice. Next, we canvas the capabilities needed for epistemic justice in activism. We then discuss both the processes we undertook to identify and connect with young activists and the unexpected learning we derived from this endeavour as well as the potential of peer-engaged research (PER) in reducing epistemic injustice in scholarship. This leads us to udentify six capabilities important for peer researchers. We conclude by making the case that PER has the potential to be a valuable tool for enhancing the work of grassroots activists as well as the authenticity of university-based research.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 136-156
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2019691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2019691
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:136-156
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ayhan Kaya
Author-X-Name-First: Ayhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaya
Author-Name: Ayşenur Benevento
Author-X-Name-First: Ayşenur
Author-X-Name-Last: Benevento
Title: Epistemic Justice as a Political Capability of Radicalised Youth in Europe: A Case of Knowledge Production with Local Researchers
Abstract:
This article has sought to explain a research process where a senior researcher felt the need to form an alliance with local researchers in order to enable more authentic research with marginalised youngsters. The aim of this paper is to suggest a useful model demonstrating the focal role of the primary investigator in creating an inclusive and participatory setting to produce knowledge challenging epistemic injustices. By cooperating with novice researchers in the countries we study, our methodology recognised and fostered their epistemic agency. As knowledge mediators, they helped us access many self-identified Muslim youth and native youths who are labelled as far-right in Europe. In addition to emphasising the relevance of local setting in knowledge production, the paper will also question the epistemic injustice that these youngsters have been exposed to. Both groups have been clustered in two distinct categories by previous research that has been overwhelmingly engaged in the civilisational discourse that sets these groups apart in two culturally, religiously and civilisationally defined boxes. We believe that our participatory commitment to producing high-quality knowledge will be helpful in the scientific consideration of socio-economically, politically, spatially, and nostalgically deprived youths, who feel pressurised by the perils of modernisation and globalisation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 73-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2004096
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2004096
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:73-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charlotte Nussey
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Nussey
Author-Name: Alexandre Apsan Frediani
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Apsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Frediani
Author-Name: Rosiana Lagi
Author-X-Name-First: Rosiana
Author-X-Name-Last: Lagi
Author-Name: Janaína Mazutti
Author-X-Name-First: Janaína
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazutti
Author-Name: Jackline Nyerere
Author-X-Name-First: Jackline
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyerere
Title: Building University Capabilities to Respond to Climate Change Through Participatory Action Research: Towards a Comparative Analytical Framework
Abstract:
This paper aims to explore how the principles of participatory action research (PAR) articulate with questions of climate justice. Drawing on three qualitative case studies in Brazil, Fiji and Kenya, the paper explores university institutional capabilities, asking how the principles of mobilising PAR to support transformative outcomes can further climate justice. The paper argues that for participatory action research to become a pathway to build universities’ capabilities, key considerations are needed. PAR needs to: (a) move beyond change in individual behaviour to respond to climate change and affect institutional norms, procedures and practices; (b) recognise and partner with marginalised groups whose voice and experiences are at the periphery of climate debate, enabling reciprocal flows of impact and knowledge between universities and wider societies; and (c) foster “relationships of equivalence” with actors within as well as outside university to influence university governance and wider climate-related policy-making processes.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 95-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:95-115
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Astrid V. Pérez Piñán
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Piñán
Author-Name: Hadley Friedland
Author-X-Name-First: Hadley
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedland
Author-Name: Judith Sayers
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Sayers
Author-Name: Matt Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Title: Reclaiming Indigenous Economic Development Through Participatory Action Research
Abstract:
Participatory, gender-sensitive processes are hailed as valuable in ensuring community perspectives shape economic development planning: to assess community needs, aspirations and to identify indicators of development based on local perspectives. In Indigenous communities, such processes may not always be taken up due to research and consultation fatigue or plain scepticism. Women are often silent or less outspoken in public settings, and dominant perspectives tend to occupy most of the space and time allocated to participatory processes. This can lead to distorted understandings of community voices and inadvertently preserve the gendered status quo. A case study based on the community engagement approach taken in partnership with the government of the Toquaht Nation, on Vancouver Island endeavoured in a gender-sensitive consultation process to develop a value-based decision support system for economic development activities. The article details the use of the “Making Connections” method to facilitate discussions about economic development through Toquaht women’s circles. “Making Connections” is a tool to identify and build place-based, people-centred visions and indicators of economic development for community well-being. Based on James Tully’s work on actions for and of freedom, the article introduces this new method as a framework for cooperative community discussions in ways that allow for naming past and current histories of discrimination and disconnection, while honouring people’s strengths, resistance and resilience. The themes and concerns emerging from the women’s circles speak of a richer and more expansive notion of economic development that puts comprehensive well-being at the heart of economic development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 30-49
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2009449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2009449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:30-49
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen Martinez-Vargas
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Vargas
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Name: F. Melis Cin
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Melis Cin
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Boni
Title: A Capabilitarian Participatory Paradigm: Methods, Methodologies and Cosmological Issues and Possibilities
Abstract:
Meaningful participation of people as agents in development practice has been a central concern in capabilitarian scholarship and of Amartya Sen's own work, as a valuable freedom and functioning in itself. Yet, there has been limited attention until now about knowledge generation processes and who is fully included, despite a growing body of literature arguing for pluriversality and decolonial approaches against historical and geographical inequalities at many levels. The paper proposes that capabilitarian scholarship could be enriched by considering a pluriverse of methodological perspectives, building on the work already undertaken but taking it further to create multi-epistemic conversations. This paper explores why the methodological and cosmological – onto-epistemological – unexplored areas of participatory research in capabilitarian scholarship should be embedded in our research culture and practice for more inclusive, decolonial, methodologically challenging empirical strategies (beyond methods and methodologies) that will place those situated at the margins of epistemic divisions and conflicts in the centre of knowledge production and debates. To this end and adding to the debates, the paper first considers participatory projects reported on in the journal before presenting an original framing of a capabilitarian participatory paradigm. The paper further proposes some principles that underpin its operationalisation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 8-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2013173
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2013173
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:8-29
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hartley Dean
Author-X-Name-First: Hartley
Author-X-Name-Last: Dean
Title: Basic Income: A History
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 157-158
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.1996654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.1996654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:157-158
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stacy J. Kosko
Author-X-Name-First: Stacy J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosko
Title: Participatory Research, Capabilities and Epistemic Justice: A Transformative Agenda for Higher Education
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 158-160
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2009629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2009629
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:1:p:158-160
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Norunn Hornset
Author-X-Name-First: Norunn
Author-X-Name-Last: Hornset
Author-Name: Indra de Soysa
Author-X-Name-First: Indra
Author-X-Name-Last: de Soysa
Title: Does Empowering Women in Politics Boost Human Development? An Empirical Analysis, 1960–2018
Abstract:
Does the political empowerment of women increase human development? Using equality of access to schooling and health as indicators of pro-poor development policy and objective measures of female school completion and child mortality under the age of five as measures of human capital development, pooled ordinary least square (OLS) fixed effects regressions show robustly that the political empowerment of women associates positively with higher human capital. These results are statistically significant and substantively large, and the effects of gender empowerment trump those of democracy and good governance. Since the political empowerment of women is driven by structural conditions underlying democracy and economic development, the independent effect of gender empowerment relative to effects of democracy and institutional quality suggests a powerful role for the former. Interactions between gender empowerment and factors associated with higher child mortality; namely, strict autocracy and the Middle East and North Africa region, suggest that empowerment conditions these known adverse factors in the direction of lower child mortality. For addressing endogeneity, we use 10- and 20-year lagged values of gender empowerment as instruments for current empowerment, which pass both instrument relevance and instrument exclusion criteria. Two-stage least square regressions confirm our basic results. While the causal effects of gender empowerment remain somewhat speculative, a barrage of tests on our data suggests a powerful role for gender empowerment for increasing human capital.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 291-318
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1953450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1953450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:291-318
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mozaffar Qizilbash
Author-X-Name-First: Mozaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizilbash
Title: On “Consequentialism” and the Capability Approach
Abstract:
Amartya Sen defends the capability approach (CA) and the “discipline of consequential evaluation” which suggests that his CA is consistent with some form of “consequentialism”. Yet prominent commentators suggest or imply that Sen’s CA is not “consequentialist”. The resulting confusion is defused by showing that whether Sen’s CA, as a general normative perspective, is consistent with “consequentialism” depends on how “consequentialism” is understood. If “consequentialism” is understood as a moral doctrine, then the CA is not committed to either “consequentialism” or “non-consequentialism”. On a social choice theoretic (SCT) definition a normative framework or view is “consequentialist” if it restricts relevant information to “outcomes”. On this definition, whether the CA is compatible with “consequentialism” depends on whether “outcomes” are understood as “comprehensive” or “culmination” outcomes. Two varieties of “non-welfarist consequentialist” moral theory which restrict information respectively to capability and freedom are compared. Martha Nussbaum’s version of the CA is not a “non-welfarist consequentialist” theory of this sort because it is not a moral doctrine with a maximizing structure. It may, nonetheless, classify as “consequentialist” on the SCT definition if all valued objects in her approach can be included in the description of “outcomes”.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 161-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1951185
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951185
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:161-181
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernande W. Pool
Author-X-Name-First: Fernande W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pool
Title: “Rooted” Freedom, “Deep Respect”: Living a Life Worthy of Dignity as a Muslim Woman in the Netherlands
Abstract:
This research reveals perspectives on and experiences of human flourishing amongst devout Muslim women with an immigrant background in the Netherlands. The aim is to assess what this tells us about worthwhile development generally in a multi-cultural Western country, while drawing comparisons with previous research in India. Following Nussbaum’s capabilities approach, I asked 39 women: what are the basic requirements for a life worthy of dignity? Freedom and respect stood out on their lists of essential requirements. I explore the meaning and content of freedom and respect as conveyed by the women. The kind of freedom they intend is foremost freedom of religion, which is at once broader and narrower than religious freedom as constitutionally enshrined. Broader, because it is an all-encompassing freedom to live by a system of meaning. Narrower, because it refers to a relational, “rooted” freedom. Yet even where religious freedom is institutionally guaranteed, everyday encounters between citizens can crucially impact on the experience of dignity. Therefore, the second essential element is respect. The kind of respect necessary for a life worthy of dignity is not a superficial toleration but “deep respect.” Finally, I explore the possible difficulties in a liberal society for securing “deep respect”.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 270-290
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1909545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1909545
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:270-290
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Morgon Banks
Author-X-Name-First: Lena Morgon
Author-X-Name-Last: Banks
Author-Name: Shaffa Hameed
Author-X-Name-First: Shaffa
Author-X-Name-Last: Hameed
Author-Name: Ola Abu Alghaib
Author-X-Name-First: Ola
Author-X-Name-Last: Abu Alghaib
Author-Name: Emily Nyariki
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyariki
Author-Name: Joyce Olenja
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce
Author-X-Name-Last: Olenja
Author-Name: Umma Kulsum
Author-X-Name-First: Umma
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulsum
Author-Name: Rafiul Karim
Author-X-Name-First: Rafiul
Author-X-Name-Last: Karim
Author-Name: Tom Shakespeare
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Shakespeare
Title: “It Is Too Much for Us”: Direct and Indirect Costs of Disability Amongst Working-Aged People with Disabilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract:
Globally, people with disabilities face a heightened risk of poverty. Drivers of poverty include exclusion from work and other livelihood activities (indirect costs) and disability-related direct costs – such as for rehabilitation, personal assistance and assistive devices – that are required for participation and functioning. This research explores sources of direct and indirect costs, their impact and mitigation strategies using 42 in-depth interviews with working-aged people with disabilities in Nairobi, Kenya and Dhaka, Bangladesh. This research finds that people with disabilities and their households face high direct costs, such as for healthcare, assistive devices, transportation and accommodations at school and work, and indirect costs, such as un- and underemployment and lower salaries when working. Many direct costs were unmet, or covered through out-of-pocket spending, although social protection in Kenya was also an important strategy. Unmet direct costs frequently led to higher future indirect costs. Direct and indirect costs could cause financial strain, decreased participation, health and wellbeing, particularly when unaddressed. Challenges mitigating costs included not just insufficient income, but also lack of decision-making power within the household and insufficient information on and poor availability of needed goods, services and opportunities – factors which should be considered in the design of interventions.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 228-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1932774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1932774
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:228-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harshavardhan Jatkar
Author-X-Name-First: Harshavardhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Jatkar
Title: Involving Anthroponomy in the Anthropocene: On Decoloniality
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 321-323
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052607
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:321-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nico Brando
Author-X-Name-First: Nico
Author-X-Name-Last: Brando
Title: Voice, Choice, and Action: The Potential of Young Citizens to Heal Democracy
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 319-321
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052606
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:319-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernando Antonio Ignacio González
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Antonio Ignacio
Author-X-Name-Last: González
Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos
Author-Name: Silvia London
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: London
Title: Multidimensional Poverty and Natural Disasters in Argentina (1970–2010)
Abstract:
This paper studies the effect of multiple natural disasters occurred in the different districts of Argentina between 1970 and 2010 on their multidimensional poverty, as measured by a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) comprising five core dimensions of well-being: housing, basic services, standard of living, education and employment. The paper uses household microdata of the last census, and natural disasters registry from the DesInventar database. We find that natural disasters significantly increase the MPI and, while the magnitude of the impact found is moderate, effects are persistent, especially in dimensions related to infrastructure and long-term investments. We find that on average, extensive disasters are more harmful than intensive ones, although the latter do have significant impacts on sanitation infrastructure. We also find that hydrological disasters are the ones with significant impact. Finally, natural disasters have greater effect on the poorer districts of the country, corresponding to the northeast region.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 206-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1910220
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1910220
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:206-227
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Sauyaq Jean Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Heather Sauyaq Jean
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Ranjan Datta
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan
Author-X-Name-Last: Datta
Title: Indigenous Communities Defining and Utilising Self-determination as an Individual and Collective Capability
Abstract:
International law establishes who has rights to self-determination and outlines the rights of Indigenous people through the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Many countries who are United Nations members, such as those of our case studies, have not made changes to their laws to implement UNDRIP. This affects how Indigenous peoples can engage in capabilities for self-determination for their wellbeing. Drawing from methods that are adapted to be in alliance with Indigenous methodologies through utilising Indigenous relational theoretical frameworks, we present two case studies, one in the U.S. that used ethnographic futures research and one in Bangladesh that used participatory action research. Our paper critically discusses: (1) how the capability approach relates to Indigenous self-determination and wellbeing, (2) how colonisation affects the ability of Indigenous people to engage in capabilities for self-determination, (3) how Indigenous people define and utilise self-determination as an individual and collective capability for their wellbeing, and (4) how unfreedoms restrict Indigenous people from utilising the capabilities for self-determination. We hope that this paper will contribute to broadening the capability approach to be able to engage more fully with Indigenous peoples.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 182-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1966613
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1966613
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:182-205
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa Wiebesiek
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebesiek
Title: Teaching Quality of Life in Different Domains
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 323-325
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2052609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2052609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:323-325
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christophe R. Quétel
Author-X-Name-First: Christophe R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quétel
Author-Name: Guy Bordin
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Bordin
Author-Name: Alexandre Abreu
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre
Author-X-Name-Last: Abreu
Author-Name: Ilektra Lemi
Author-X-Name-First: Ilektra
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemi
Author-Name: Carlos Sangreman
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Sangreman
Title: On the Nature and Determinants of Poor Households’ Resilience in Fragility Contexts
Abstract:
Several global policy frameworks focus on managing (risks of) disasters affecting broad populations. In those frameworks resilience is a conceptualisation that possibly has important ideological implications. It is often opposed to fragility, and used to validate the notion of recurring insecurity, promote individual adaptability almost in the form of an obligation, and push the idea that crises/catastrophes are opportunities for profound changes. While effects from the COVID-19 pandemic have brought the protective role of the state to the fore, applying the word resilience to poor people requires clarification, especially in contexts of weak state public services and because assessment of complex poverty situations too often remains oversimplified and error-prone. We argue that to build capacity for resilience poor households need policies that protect and help them out of poverty, and that policy-making processes require engagement with people. Individuals must be asked about their perceptions and management of risks and threats, both in daily life and under exceptional circumstances, especially if the resulting stress factors accumulate and interact. This socially informed, place-specific, and multi-level approach could contribute substantially to identifying interventions, reducing poverty and poverty related risks, enhancing well-being and promoting development and cooperation programmes that meet people’s expectations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 252-269
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1929102
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1929102
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:2:p:252-269
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Author-Name: S. R. Osmani
Author-X-Name-First: S. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani
Title: The creative wealth of nations: can the arts advance development?
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 502-504
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089450
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Author-Name: Nicolas Bueno
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno
Title: From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy
Abstract:
What makes work useful, on what grounds and for whom? Classical economists distinguished between productive and unproductive labour. They focused primarily on productive labour and its ability to generate wealth for the economy as a whole, which influences why economic policies currently prioritize economically productive work over other forms of work. After reviewing the relationships between work and capabilities in the capability approach, this article addresses the individual and collective impacts of work on capabilities. It introduces a more complex and human-centred distinction between capability-enhancing and capability-reducing work. Finally, it proposes a capability-informed labour policy and designs new rights to assist in better aligning individually and socially capability-enhancing work. It shows how this policy has the potential to free from the economic need to work.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 354-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
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Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: War: How Conflict Shaped Us
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 501-502
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089451
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Author-Name: Paola Velasco-Herrejón
Author-X-Name-First: Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: Velasco-Herrejón
Title: Sustainability, Capabilities and Human Security
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 504-506
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089452
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:504-506
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Author-Name: Lee Mackenzie
Author-X-Name-First: Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Mackenzie
Title: Theorising English as a Linguistic Capability: A Look at the Experiences of Economically Disadvantaged Higher Education Students in Colombia
Abstract:
The current study used the capability approach (CA) to explore the English learning experiences of 10 economically vulnerable higher education (HE) students in Colombia in order to better conceptualise English from a capability perspective. In doing so, this paper builds on the empirical and theoretical work of capability scholars which has looked at the role of English in educational settings. It highlights the importance of viewing linguistic capabilities as inchoative since viewing them as fully formed can obscure injustices. These injustices can include poor quality English language education (ELE), an unfavourable financial situation, and a lack of opportunities for exposure to and practice of English. This last-mentioned injustice foregrounds another important dimension of linguistic capabilities: their inter-subjective, relational nature. To aid in this conceptualisation, the paper also draws on Phillipson’s [1992. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press] theory of linguistic imperialism to better illustrate how English is implicated in asymmetrical power relations which give rise to oppression and domination. However, this paper also shows how some injustices can be navigated by educationally resilient individuals. The findings of this thesis are therefore of interest not only to language policy experts and other language education stakeholders in developing contexts, but also to capability scholars.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 477-500
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014426
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:3:p:477-500
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Author-Name: Lars Leemann
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Leemann
Author-Name: Tuija Martelin
Author-X-Name-First: Tuija
Author-X-Name-Last: Martelin
Author-Name: Seppo Koskinen
Author-X-Name-First: Seppo
Author-X-Name-Last: Koskinen
Author-Name: Tommi Härkänen
Author-X-Name-First: Tommi
Author-X-Name-Last: Härkänen
Author-Name: Anna-Maria Isola
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Isola
Title: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale
Abstract:
In recent years, a growing body of literature on social inclusion on an individual level has emerged. Yet, there is no common understanding of the concept itself and how to measure it. The objective of this study was to document the development of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale (ESIS), including the theoretical framework used for this purpose, which draws strongly on the capability approach. The ESIS is a brief closed survey instrument to assess self-reported experiences of social inclusion, and the aim was to evaluate its psychometric properties. The sample used for this consisted of 847 adults aged 18–87 years from all over Finland, most of them affected by or at immediate risk of social exclusion. The results indicated good internal reliability and consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analyses suggested a one-dimensional factor structure for the ten items of the ESIS. The mean score on the ESIS was not statistically significantly different between male and female respondents, whereas a weak positive association with age and statistically significant differences for experiences of poverty were found. Analyses for convergent validity showed that the ESIS was statistically significantly associated with instruments measuring related concepts. All correlations were in the expected direction and rather substantial in magnitude but did not indicate that the same construct was being measured (r = .409 to r = .678). These promising results indicate a broad applicability of the ESIS in self-administered questionnaires, and its use in future research is encouraged.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 400-424
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1985440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1985440
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# input file: CJHD_A_2008886_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Michele Capriati
Author-X-Name-First: Michele
Author-X-Name-Last: Capriati
Title: Capabilities, Innovation and Economic Growth in EU Regions
Abstract:
This article discusses the links between human development, innovation and economic growth. After a brief theoretical preamble, I present a framework bringing together the relationships between those processes in a circular causation diagram. I then examine these relationships using data on 266 European regions covering the period 2000–2015. I test two econometric models: one based on panel (3SLS), the other on spatial analysis (SAR). The first helps me explore, in more detail, the relationship between innovation, human development and income. The results indicate a mutually reinforcing relationship between them. The associations between human development and innovation, and GDP and innovation are found to be particularly strong. The spatial analysis further confirms the existence of virtuous circles and the presence of spatial interrelationships, both in terms of spillover and feedback effects. Consequently, I argue, these variables should be promoted simultaneously. I highlight two points that seem especially worthy of being developed in future work: the importance of setting human development as the ultimate goal of innovation policy, and the need to formulate macroeconomic policies fostering innovation and human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 373-399
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2008886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2008886
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# input file: CJHD_A_2008885_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Philip Kinghorn
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinghorn
Author-Name: Alastair Canaway
Author-X-Name-First: Alastair
Author-X-Name-Last: Canaway
Author-Name: Cara Bailey
Author-X-Name-First: Cara
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey
Author-Name: Hareth Al-Janabi
Author-X-Name-First: Hareth
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Janabi
Author-Name: Joanna Coast
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Coast
Title: A Deliberative Approach to Valuing Capabilities: Assessing and Valuing Changes in the Well-Being of those Close to Patients Receiving Supportive End of Life Care
Abstract:
Aim: Explore the use of deliberative valuation to elicit relative weights for a set of capabilities identified as being important and relevant to those close to patients receiving supportive care at the end of life. Methods: Focus groups, involving the general UK population (n = 38) and policy-makers (n = 29) with experience of, and influence on, priorities for end of life care. Public participants completed two valuation tasks (budget pie and visual analogue scale (VAS)) individually, discussed their responses, and then recorded a final (individual) response. Policy-makers completed the VAS tasks in a separate series of focus groups. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of participants’ responses are reported. Results: Individual values were aggregated to form relative weights for the capabilities. Capabilities given greatest weighting were “good communication between care providers and close persons” and “practical support for close persons”. The quantitative impact of deliberation on weights overall was negligible, but qualitative findings indicated that disclosure of personal experiences did appear to prompt others to consider issues from new perspectives. Discussion: Deliberative valuation was found to be a potentially feasible method for generating weights. However, further consideration needs to be given as to how to optimise recruitment whilst ensuring that participants actively engage with the task.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 455-476
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2008885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2008885
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# input file: CJHD_A_2014424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Heath Henderson
Author-X-Name-First: Heath
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson
Title: The Moral Foundations of Impact Evaluation
Abstract:
Impact evaluation has become increasingly central to evidence-based social policy, particularly in the field of international development. While the act of evaluation requires numerous ethical decisions (e.g. regarding the problems to investigate, the tools of investigation, and the interpretation of results), the normative framework for such decisions is generally implicit, undermining our ability to fully scrutinise the evidence base. I argue that the moral foundation of impact evaluation is best viewed as utilitarian in the sense that it meets the three elementary requirements of utilitarianism: welfarism, sum-ranking, and consequentialism. I further argue that the utilitarian approach is subject to a number of important limitations, including distributional indifference, the neglect of non-utility concerns, and an orientation toward subjective states. In light of these issues, I outline an alternative framework for impact evaluation that has its moral basis in the capabilities approach. I argue that capabilitarian impact evaluation not only addresses many of the issues associated with utilitarian methods, but can also be viewed as a more general approach to impact evaluation.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 425-454
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014424
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014424
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# input file: CJHD_A_2053506_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Jasper Ubels
Author-X-Name-First: Jasper
Author-X-Name-Last: Ubels
Author-Name: Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte
Author-X-Name-First: Karla
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernandez-Villafuerte
Author-Name: Michael Schlander
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Schlander
Title: The Value of Freedom: A Review of the Current Developments and Conceptual Issues in the Measurement of Capability
Abstract:
In health economics, proponents of the capability approach argue that the value of health improvements should be evaluated us broad domains which reflect the capabilities of an individual. Instruments have been developed to measure these domains. These instruments operationalise the measurement of capability in different ways. The objective of this study is to analyze specifically how instruments operationalise the capability approach.Using a comprehensive pearl growing search methodology, we identified ten instruments. The content of these instruments was analysed in three stages. First, the definition of capability that was used for the development of an instrument was identified. Then, an analysis was conducted on how this definition was operationalised in the instrument’s development. Lastly, the content of the instruments was compared with the concept “option freedom”, which provides a more comprehensive definition of capability, to study whether the instruments measure capability or other aspects that are relevant for wellbeing assessment.We conclude that, despite using a shared definition of capability, the instruments differ in their methods to measure capability. Some instruments might miss content that reflect the burdens that people experience while achieving their capabilities in certain contexts. This might be due to the unclear conceptualisation of capability by Sen.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 327-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2053506
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2053506
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# input file: CJHD_A_2089453_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Smriti Walia
Author-X-Name-First: Smriti
Author-X-Name-Last: Walia
Title: Reviving jobs: an agenda for growth
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 506-507
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2089453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2089453
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# input file: CJHD_A_2014425_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Elaine Agyemang Tontoh
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Agyemang
Author-X-Name-Last: Tontoh
Title: The Triple Day Thesis: Theorising Motherhood as a Capability and a Capability Suppressor Within Martha Nussbaum’s Feminist Philosophical Capability Theory
Abstract:
The theorising of motherhood as a capability and a capability suppressor is critical to emancipatory discourse and practice within human development and to addressing through public policy, social injustice against women due to their role as mothers. I conceptualise motherhood as a combined reproductive capability that gives women the capability to function as mothers. Generally, by capability suppression, I mean features of a person’s present capability that are likely to limit other current or potential capabilities of that person to function – suppressive functioning – while those same features simultaneously play a fertile role in promoting the capabilities or functionings of others – fertile functioning. Maternal capability suppression is therefore the limitation of a mother’s capabilities to function due to the instrumental role of childrearing. A mother’s lack of freedom to engage in the triple day of self-reproduction due to maternal capability suppression explains the triple day problem. To address the triple day problem, the paper draws on Martha Nussbaum’s capability theory of social justice to develop and explain the specific tragic conflict of capability suppression inherent in motherhood. The paper further proposes motherhood compensation as a complement to Nussbaum’s fair-bargain approach of promoting childcare and economic options.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 593-610
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2014425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2014425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:593-610
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# input file: CJHD_A_2137655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Annette A. LaRocco
Author-X-Name-First: Annette A.
Author-X-Name-Last: LaRocco
Title: The Violence of Conservation in Africa: State, Militarization and Alternatives
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 639-640
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2137655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2137655
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:639-640
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# input file: CJHD_A_2023486_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Leif Andreassen
Author-X-Name-First: Leif
Author-X-Name-Last: Andreassen
Author-Name: Maria Laura Di Tommaso
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Tommaso
Author-Name: Anna Maccagnan
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Maccagnan
Title: Do Men Care? Estimating Men’s Preferences for Spending Time with Their Children
Abstract:
Is the time men use on childcare and household work the result of preferences or cultural, institutional and economic constraints? Can such constraints be measured when we only observe men’s choices (functionings) but not their capabilities? Using a random utility model together with stochastic specifications of the probability of having different capabilities, this paper shows that it is possible to distinguish between preferences and capabilities. Utilising time use data for Spain, we find that even though men do relatively little childcare, it is important to them. So, men do care to care. Our estimates show that, given our model, only about 9% of men with children have the full capability set, while 58% of them are constrained to a low level of care and housework. According to our model, many of these would not change behaviour if they had the full capability set, but about 20% of fathers would choose to provide more childcare and housework.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 562-592
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.2023486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.2023486
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:23:y:2022:i:4:p:562-592
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# input file: CJHD_A_1911969_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Sharon Bessell
Author-X-Name-First: Sharon
Author-X-Name-Last: Bessell
Title: Rethinking Child Poverty
Abstract:
Childhood poverty matters—not only because of the disturbingly high number of children affected, but also because of the deleterious impact on their human flourishing, both now and in the future. Effectively addressing child poverty requires clear identification of the nature and causes of the problem, as well as an understanding of how it is experienced. This paper aims to deepen understanding of child poverty, by drawing on key elements of a capability approach, rights-based approaches, and feminist standpoint theory, and empirical research. It is grounded in the findings of rights-based, participatory research with children aged between 7 and 15 years in Indonesia and in Australia, which cast new light on the dimensions of poverty that are most egregious from a child-driven standpoint. It presents a three-dimensional typology of material, opportunity, and relational poverty.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 539-561
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2021.1911969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2021.1911969
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# input file: CJHD_A_2090523_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Elaine Unterhalter
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine
Author-X-Name-Last: Unterhalter
Author-Name: Helen Longlands
Author-X-Name-First: Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Longlands
Author-Name: Rosie Peppin Vaughan
Author-X-Name-First: Rosie
Author-X-Name-Last: Peppin Vaughan
Title: Gender and Intersecting Inequalities in Education: Reflections on a Framework for Measurement
Abstract:
This article considers how useful measurement and indicators are in developing insight into a problem as complex as gender injustice and education. It poses the question about what we ought to evaluate with regard to individuals, institutions, discourses and countries when we make assertions about gender inequality in education and how to address this. The paper provides a way of thinking about gender and education that highlights how inadequate existing measures are. It sets an agenda for future work outlining the AGEE (Accountability for Gender Equality and Education) Framework. This draws on the capability approach and identifies domains where indicators can be deployed. The discussion highlights how multiple sources of information can be used in a well-organised yet adaptable combination, taking account of the complexity of the processes in play, to develop guidance on practice for transformational and sustainable change that can support work on women’s rights and gender equality in education.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 509-538
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2090523
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2090523
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# input file: CJHD_A_2087606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: Measuring Covid Mortality
Abstract:
The most widely used measure of covid mortality is a headcount ratio of deaths due to covid, as captured by the case fatality rate, which is the ratio of covid deaths to covid cases. This is a relative measure of mortality, in contrast to the absolute measure of an aggregate headcount, as captured by the gross or aggregate fatality, which is just the raw (non-normalized) number of covid deaths. The present note examines two elementary principles which a measure of mortality (like one of poverty or urbanisation or unemployment) might be expected to satisfy. These are what are called the probability principle and the subgroup consistency principle respectively. Headcount ratios are found to satisfy the first principle but not the second, and aggregate headcounts to satisfy the second principle but not the first, which makes neither variety of a headcount measure satisfactory on its own, and by itself. This note advances the case of a “mixed” measure, as intermediate between ratio and aggregate measures, expressed as a geometric mean of the case fatality rate and the gross fatality. The ranking of countries by mortality is found to be a variable function of the precise mortality indicator employed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 630-638
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2087606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2087606
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# input file: CJHD_A_2082392_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ann-Katrin Habbig
Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Katrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Habbig
Author-Name: Ingrid Robeyns
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Robeyns
Title: Legal Capabilities
Abstract:
In this paper, we analyse the development of the term “legal capabilities”. More specifically, we do three things. First, we track the emergence and development of the notion of legal capabilities. The term legal capabilities was used in legal research long before the capability approach was introduced in that field. Early on, its conceptualisation mainly reflected elements of legal literacy. In more recent writings, it is claimed that the notion is based on the capability approach. Second, we critically analyse the current use of the term legal capabilities and show that there is no proper theoretical grounding of this term in the capability approach. This is problematic, because it might give rise to misunderstandings and flawed policy recommendations. Third, we suggest some first steps towards a revision of the notion of legal capabilities. Starting from the concept of “access to justice”, legal capabilities have to be understood as the real opportunities someone has to get access to justice, rather than merely as formal opportunities or internal capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 611-629
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2082392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2082392
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# input file: CJHD_A_2163359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Georges Quist
Author-X-Name-First: Georges
Author-X-Name-Last: Quist
Title: Inclusive Financial Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 145-146
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2163359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2163359
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# input file: CJHD_A_2137656_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Athena Aktipis
Author-X-Name-First: Athena
Author-X-Name-Last: Aktipis
Author-Name: Diego Guevara Beltran
Author-X-Name-First: Diego Guevara
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltran
Title: Work, Love, and Learning in Utopia: Equality Reimagined
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 141-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2137656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2137656
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# input file: CJHD_A_2141698_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Paulo Valdivia-Quidel
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Valdivia-Quidel
Title: An Ex-ante Evaluation of Collective Capability Development: A Case Study of an Emergent Indigenous NGO in Southern Chile
Abstract:
This study sets out to conduct an analysis on the degree to which the collective agency and capabilities of an emergent Mapuche NGO had been developed, prior to the start of the main phase of a participatory research intervention. Participatory Action Research and Grounded Theory approaches were applied in combination with decolonising research principles. This study’s findings inform not only the factors under which collective capabilities had not yet been developed for this NGO, but also the ontological and epistemological grounds on which Mapuche participants built these understandings. These considerations are of central importance for participatory research interventions if the ultimate goal is to promote meaningful and transformative social change among indigenous communities at local levels. This new epistemic production is a promising way forward to promote cross-cultural conversations between the CA and indigenous realities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 118-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2141698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2141698
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# input file: CJHD_A_2111410_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Upasak Das
Author-X-Name-First: Upasak
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Jinyi Kuang
Author-X-Name-First: Jinyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuang
Author-Name: Sania Ashraf
Author-X-Name-First: Sania
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf
Author-Name: Alex Shpenev
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Shpenev
Author-Name: Cristina Bicchieri
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Bicchieri
Title: Women as Pioneers: Examining Their Role in Decision Making on Toilet Construction in India
Abstract:
Access to improved toilets can enhance physical and mental security among women. Therefore, it becomes critical to incorporate and understand their decisions on household toilet construction. Using survey data from 2528 households across urban slums, peri-urban and rural areas from the state of Bihar in India, we study two particularly relevant aspects surrounding women's decision making in sanitation. First, we examine if exclusive usage of toilets is systematically higher when the decision of its construction is taken solely by a woman. Secondly, we assess the potential household-level factors associated with women-led decision making. The findings, after accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity surrounding the selection of households with toilets, indicate a statistically insignificant increase in the likelihood of its exclusive usage in households where decision of its construction had been solely led by women. When we look at the settlement types individually, this relationship is found to be significant in the peri-urban areas. Additionally, among households with toilets, poorer women are more likely to take sole decisions about its construction. This, we argue is potentially because of sanitation interventions over the years that have been relatively successful in motivating poor women to influence toilet construction.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 70-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2111410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2111410
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# input file: CJHD_A_2113370_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Teresa Amezcua-Aguilar
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa
Author-X-Name-Last: Amezcua-Aguilar
Author-Name: Mª Ángeles Espadas-Alcázar
Author-X-Name-First: Mª Ángeles
Author-X-Name-Last: Espadas-Alcázar
Title: Epistemological Breaks for Social Work Training and Practice: Participatory Research Through Photovoice in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods
Abstract:
The capabilities approach and participatory research are effective means to promote epistemic justice in higher education. Both have important roles, given the current commoditisation of University knowledge and professional practice, which do not promote inclusive epistemes that take into account the social problems of disadvantaged groups. Facilitating educational experiences that generate epistemological breaks and promote epistemic justice is a necessary task. Contributing to it was one purpose of the teaching innovation project carried out by the University of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain). The project aimed to stimulate collective reflection and dialogic encounters between complementary knowledge fields. It had three focal points: developing capabilities in students; fomenting participation and collective reflection in the community; heightening the visibility of people living in disadvantaged areas and conveying these realities, and people’s knowledge and concerns, to policymakers. The results show that co-production of knowledge by universities and local communities favours learning and practical reasoning; increases recognition and respect for diversity; foments participation and the environment necessary for citizens to exercise their political capabilities. This paper presents only the project’s first focal point; specifically, it shows how horizontal knowledge production using Photovoice can enhance in students certain capabilities of great relevance in their future profession.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 49-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2113370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2113370
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# input file: CJHD_A_2143485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Shalem Balla
Author-X-Name-First: Shalem
Author-X-Name-Last: Balla
Author-Name: Shivani Gharge
Author-X-Name-First: Shivani
Author-X-Name-Last: Gharge
Author-Name: Srinivas Goli
Author-X-Name-First: Srinivas
Author-X-Name-Last: Goli
Author-Name: Srilakshmi Vedantam
Author-X-Name-First: Srilakshmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vedantam
Title: Is There a Grand Convergence in Child Undernutrition Reduction? Evidence from 183 Countries
Abstract:
This study aimed to assess the progress of underweight, stunted, or wasted children across 183 countries from 1990 to 2015 using convergence models. Data for this study has been obtained from the World Bank Database and UNICEF (2020), which provides figures on underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence for most countries. Data from national-level surveys were compiled for countries where the information was unavailable from the World Bank Database. For our empirical analysis, we have employed parametric convergence metrics like the absolute β-convergence model.In contrast, nonparametric convergence models such as Kernel density plots, were used as robustness checks for our primary analyses. The absolute-convergence model suggests a convergence in the progress of underweight and wasted children between 1990 and 2015, whereas we find a divergence in progress towards the decline in stunted children between 1990–95 to 2010–15. However, the nonparametric convergence test suggests that except for wasting, the other two indicators of child nutrition show an emergence of multiple convergence clubs instead of a grand global convergence. At the same time, the regional heterogeneity test for the absolute convergence model suggests that our main findings still hold except for stunting in upper-middle-income countries, which supports the convergence hypothesis.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 24-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2143485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2143485
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# input file: CJHD_A_2104824_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: F. García-Pardo
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: García-Pardo
Author-Name: S. Pérez-Moreno
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Moreno
Author-Name: E. Bárcena-Martín
Author-X-Name-First: E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bárcena-Martín
Title: Leaving no Country Behind: A Fuzzy Approach for Human Development
Abstract:
“Leaving no one behind” (LNOB) constitutes one of the core principles underpinning the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We propose a complementary fuzzy logic approach to identify countries left behind in human development and each of its dimensions. We find that the countries left furthest behind at the beginning of the century were those that most reduced gaps with respect to better performing countries after two decades. Nevertheless, we cannot clearly speak of convergence in human development. There are notable exceptions, such as the Central African Republic, Liberia, Yemen, Haiti or Venezuela, which despite the improvement in their Human Development Index worryingly increased their gaps in human development dimensions relative to the rest of the world. Our analysis highlights significant advantages of using the proposed fuzzy-based LNOB approach to incorporate the moral imperative of leaving no country behind in the measurement of human development.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2104824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2104824
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# input file: CJHD_A_2163358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kayonaaz Kalyanwala
Author-X-Name-First: Kayonaaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalyanwala
Title: Handbook of Communication and Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 143-145
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2163358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2163358
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# input file: CJHD_A_2090524_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aliya Khalid
Author-X-Name-First: Aliya
Author-X-Name-Last: Khalid
Author-Name: Pauline Rose
Author-X-Name-First: Pauline
Author-X-Name-Last: Rose
Title: “We Look Ahead Where his Thoughts Never Reach”: Pakistani Mothers’ Agency to Expand Educational Opportunities for Their Daughters and the Theorisation of Negative Capability
Abstract:
Juxtaposed against literature that views mothers’ role for their daughters’ education as a human capital this paper reimagines their role by foregrounding Pakistani mothers’ agency in contexts with limited opportunities. This is achieved by theorising negative capability (NC) as an analytical framework drawing on available theorisations of the concept and define it as an agentive passive refusal to be intellectually paralysed by disadvantage. We demonstrate how the concept can be applied for empirical analysis. The paper takes an ethical stance that researchers should acknowledge that regardless of contextual difficulties people’s agentive and intellectual faculties remain intact. Structural inequalities need to be challenged but their agentive potential also recognised. With a firm commitment that opportunities need to be made equal this paper builds on the second point to argue that even in the face of extreme disadvantage mothers’ intellectual capacities to progress towards goals remain functional. We challenge the objectification of the marginalised and propose an analytical approach to understand difficulties faced as well as agency exercised by mothers facing socio-economic constraints. This work has implications for the capability approach that falls short of addressing issues of power, and policy that fails to understand the context.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 98-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2090524
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2090524
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# input file: CJHD_A_2200238_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kate Sollis
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Sollis
Title: Participatory Wellbeing Frameworks and the Secret to Impact
Abstract:
Research and policy based on the Capability Approach inherently seeks to improve the lives of individuals and communities in a meaningful way. One operationalisation of this is the development of participatory wellbeing frameworks, which ask communities “what does wellbeing mean to you?”. However, there has so far been very little understanding on the extent to which participatory wellbeing frameworks, and the Capability Approach more generally, have achieved meaningful impact. This study fills this gap by investigating the research and policy impacts achieved through participatory wellbeing studies. Drawing on a key informant study with 16 individuals who have undertaken participatory wellbeing studies in numerous contexts, this paper provides an initial insight into the extent to which such studies have achieved impact, and the barriers and enablers in doing so. The results highlight that while relatively few participatory wellbeing studies have directly impacted programmes, practice or policy, achieving indirect impacts such as greater awareness amongst policymakers, and starting a dialogue in the community, was commonplace. Process was found to be of great importance in achieving impact, highlighting that researchers and practitioners should ensure appropriate consultation processes are in place, and dedicate time and resources to dissemination and engagement. In particular, research partnerships were found to be particularly advantageous. While informants noted substantial barriers to achieving impact outside their control, the study highlights a number of enablers those undertaking work in this space can draw upon to achieve greater impact into the future.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 163-193
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200238
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200238
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# input file: CJHD_A_2199528_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kerilyn Schewel
Author-X-Name-First: Kerilyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Schewel
Title: Migration, Development and Social Change in the Himalayas: An Ethnographic Village Study
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 307-308
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199528
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# input file: CJHD_A_2200240_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Daniel Talbot
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Talbot
Title: Knowledge, Knowers, and Capabilities: Can the Capabilities Approach Help Decolonise the Curriculum?
Abstract:
The Capabilities Approach and the movement to Decolonise the Curriculum contain powerful intellectual and practical possibilities for changing the way societies conceive of education and its purpose. The former presents a bold set of educational aims offering an alternative to market-driven human capital approaches. The latter seeks to undo the legacy of colonialism that still echoes through classrooms across the world. Yet, despite potential affinities, little work exists exploring the compatibility of their respective theoretical commitments. This article argues that, behind the label Decolonise the Curriculum, lies a spectrum of approaches that, at their polar ends, risk becoming counterproductive in the search for educational justice. Articulating a version of Decolonising the Curriculum that avoids these pitfalls can be achieved through the theoretical insights of the Capabilities Approach and, in particular, the writings of its architects, Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 216-233
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200240
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:216-233
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# input file: CJHD_A_2200241_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Su-ming Khoo
Author-X-Name-First: Su-ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Khoo
Title: Humane Security: Solidarity in Policy and Practice
Abstract:
This paper responds to the UNDP 2022 Special Report on Human Security in the Anthropocene (hereafter ‘UNDP Special Report’, UNDP 2022), and HDCA Human Security Thematic Group’s sessions at the 2022 HDCA Antwerp conference, focused on interrogating the ‘soul’ of the human security concept. In order to facilitate the practical implementation of human security principles, I offer six integrative suggestions for a convergent view that reinforces human security’s emancipatory critical and transformative potential, substantiating the UNDP Special Report’s demand for greater solidarity: i) recalling the Stockholm Conference’s agenda for global solidarity; ii) drawing on emancipatory legacies of established social movements; iii) applying differentiated measures to address vulnerability; iv) learning from indigenous and local insights on ‘coordination’ that emphasize relationality; v) decentralizing policy and practice; and, vi) An integrative perspective deepening the ‘humane’ interpretation of human security, taking on the Ogata-Sen recommendations for integrated policies, jointly emphasizing survival, livelihood and dignity. Keywords: Human security; Anthropocene; human development; UNDP Special Report 2022; Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment; Ogata-Sen Commission on Human Security.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 284-293
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200241
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200241
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# input file: CJHD_A_2152432_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tobias Schillings
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Schillings
Author-Name: Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
Author-X-Name-First: Diego
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez-Ancochea
Author-Name: Rehana Mohammed
Author-X-Name-First: Rehana
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed
Title: Universalism in Healthcare for Human Security: Policy Considerations
Abstract:
Universal healthcare, encompassing coverage, generosity, and equity in health benefits and services, directly enhances human security. Expanding universal healthcare is becoming increasingly important amidst heightening, interrelated threats to human security. Developing countries are likely to bear greater impacts from these threats, but have healthcare systems that are inadequately prepared for the same. To strengthen healthcare universalism, policymakers must aim for the joint advancement of coverage, generosity, and equity as policy outputs. Building universal systems is necessarily a long-term effort, and each country’s pathway will depend on its specific policy architecture and opportunities for reform. Policymakers must seek to create the right policy trajectories for expanding universalism over time, taking into account that approaches that incentivise coalition building across social groups can help sustain political support for future expansion. Prioritising unified systems that provide the same benefits to everyone can help mitigate inequities, strengthen resilience, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the system. Global trends and experiences of many developing countries demonstrate that progress on healthcare universalism is achievable at all levels of development, and is among the most important strategies today for advancing human security.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 294-304
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2152432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2152432
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# input file: CJHD_A_2199527_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lori Keleher
Author-X-Name-First: Lori
Author-X-Name-Last: Keleher
Title: Citadels of Pride: Sexual Assault, Accountability, and Reconciliation
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 305-306
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199527
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# input file: CJHD_A_2196061_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mario Biggeri
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Biggeri
Author-Name: Heriberto Tapia
Author-X-Name-First: Heriberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Tapia
Title: Human Security in the Anthropocene: A New Base for Action
Abstract:
The idea of “human security” is gaining a new round of attention in the academic and policy agenda, as a new era of global changes is affecting people’s core capabilities. In this Policy Forum the “human security lens” engages with human development and the capability approach. It presents different perspectives of genuine action-oriented human security, and it aims to provide valuable insights for policy issues and recommendations in the current context of interlinked threats. This Policy Forum aims to help relaunching the debate on policy interventions for human security within the capability approach.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 253-262
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2196061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2196061
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# input file: CJHD_A_2199974_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Antonio Villar
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Villar
Title: Welfare Poverty Measurement
Abstract:
This paper proposes an approach to poverty measurement based on the interpretation of poverty as a welfare loss, along the lines laid in Chakravarty [Chakravarty, S. R. 1983. “Ethically Flexible Measures of Poverty.” Canadian Journal of Economics 16: 74–85]. A multidimensional poverty index is derived here from a social welfare function and a vector of poverty thresholds, following the aggregate achievement approach. Poverty is measured as the relative welfare loss due to the insufficient welfare of those agents whose achievements do not reach the minimum established. Using standard social welfare functions, we derive a welfare poverty measure that combines rather explicitly the different aspects of poverty measurement (incidence, intensity and inequality). We include an empirical application to the measurement of between-country poverty, based on the three dimensions that conform the Human Development Index.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 147-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2199974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2199974
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# input file: CJHD_A_2161491_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Des Gasper
Author-X-Name-First: Des
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasper
Author-Name: Oscar A. Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez
Title: Solidarity and Human Insecurity: Interpreting and Extending the HDRO’s 2022 Special Report on Human Security
Abstract:
The 2022 UNDP Special Report on human security marks an overdue return to this focus in Human Development Reports work. It adds solidarity to the established headline strategies for human security, namely protection and empowerment. While it does not theorise solidarity far, nor connect much to relevant literatures, nor explore implications in detail, it provides an opening of doors. We comment first on the Report’s general significance. It presents itself as a rethinking of human security; it reflects also a rethinking of human development in the Anthropocene and a re-articulation of the core rationale of the United Nations system. Second, we consider how the report presents solidarity: as a required commitment to others, globally; as implication of interconnectedness; and as a required response to uncertainty. Third, we note that the report is only a beginning; it is not yet connected to generations of solidarity thinking and practice nor to present-day streams. Fourthly, we review policy implications proposed in the Report and suggest areas for next-stage attention.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 263-273
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161491
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# input file: CJHD_A_2200239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Camila Rasse
Author-X-Name-First: Camila
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasse
Author-Name: María Paola Sevilla
Author-X-Name-First: María Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: Sevilla
Title: Marginality and Citizenship Education in Secondary Vocational and Technical Education (VTE). A Vision from the Capability Approach
Abstract:
The capability approach provides a broader view of Vocational and Technical Education (VTE), acknowledging its multiple purposes, including citizenship preparation for discussing and challenging the rules and practices prevailing in society. Based on ethnographic data, this paper seeks to understand how two Chilean high schools conceptualise their students and VTE, concerning their students’ marginalisation, linking this to citizenship education. Each school presented a different awareness of students’ marginality situation, and it was possible to observe how this meant different actions associated with citizenship education. Findings show that in the school with greater awareness of students’ marginality, VTE takes elements from the capability approach and provides active citizenship training, while at the school with lower awareness of marginality, students are trained in more passive citizenship. The importance of citizenship education for VTE, the significance of the capability approach to transforming this education, and its potential impact on public policies and the construction of society are discussed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 234-252
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2200239
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2200239
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# input file: CJHD_A_2161490_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Natasha Borges Sugiyama
Author-X-Name-First: Natasha Borges
Author-X-Name-Last: Sugiyama
Author-Name: Michael Touchton
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Touchton
Author-Name: Brian Wampler
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Wampler
Title: Democratic Dead Spots: Local Elections and Human Development in Brazil
Abstract:
Democracy’s proponents argue that decentralisation improves service delivery, expands local accountability, and engages citizens in public life. However, the combination of democratisation and decentralisation sometimes sustains subnational authoritarianism, resulting in differential redistribution of power that limit citizens’ ability to pursue and secure public goods. In this article we ask: To what extent do authoritarian enclaves affect well-being? Few studies have systematically examined how basic democratic failures affect human development outcomes at subnational levels. We address this gap by investigating the effects of local “democratic dead spots” in Brazil. This approach yields the first large-scale quantitative analysis of the consequences of subnational authoritarianism for human development. Our unique dataset covers Brazil’s 5,570 municipalities from 2006 to 2018 and lets us estimate the effects of local elections on human development over time and across space, while controlling for common explanations for human development (e.g. local governance, wealth, social policy, and partisanship). We find that local democratic dead spots are associated with systemically low levels of human development performance. Following uncompetitive elections, health outcomes are systemically lower over five years: an entire mayoral term and one year beyond in comparison to other, very similar municipalities. Education outcomes are also systemically lower, but the effect does not extend beyond one mayoral term. The cumulative results suggest that uncompetitive elections undermine human development, at the very least in the short to medium term.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 194-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161490
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161490
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# input file: CJHD_A_2161493_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kehinde Balogun
Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde
Author-X-Name-Last: Balogun
Author-Name: Kariuki Weru
Author-X-Name-First: Kariuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Weru
Author-Name: Xiaomeng Shen
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaomeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen
Title: “Freedom from Want”: A Critical Reflection in the Face of the Anthropocene
Abstract:
The 2022 Special Report on Human Security “calls for greater solidarity across borders and a new approach to development; one that allows people to live free from want, fear, anxiety and indignity”. This paper analyses the notion of “freedom from want” and argues that human “want”, understood from one cultural perspective/worldview, has created the market society with its GDP growth narrative. Such “want” could become the very reason for perceived insecurity, anxiety and indignity, if the “want” is not only to meet the basic human needs, but rather to meet desires artificially fuelled by a market society with its increasingly sophisticated tools, such as digital technology which implicitly manipulate our “wants” and rationalise them within the GDP-growth narrative. This paper proposes a policy shift from focusing on GDP growth to a new paradigm of human flourishment which allows for a “good life” for all (wo)mankind by capitalising on the concept of relational wellbeing. Relational wellbeing advocates for deep connections between humans, and between humans and nature, thereby achieving a greater global solidarity between people and a new mindset towards nature. The next generation of human security shall go beyond the aim of making people secure, and rather focus on how to enable humanity to flourish.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 274-283
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2022.2161493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2022.2161493
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:24:y:2023:i:2:p:274-283
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# input file: CJHD_A_2227108_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Zehra Keser Ozmantar
Author-X-Name-First: Zehra
Author-X-Name-Last: Keser Ozmantar
Author-Name: Melis Cin
Author-X-Name-First: Melis
Author-X-Name-Last: Cin
Author-Name: Faith Mkwananzi
Author-X-Name-First: Faith
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkwananzi
Title: Becoming a Teacher: The Liminal Identities and Political Agency of Refugee Teachers
Abstract:
This paper engages with the experiences of refugee teachers through an identity-based conceptualisation of the capability approach to explore these teachers’ social environment, working conditions, values, and lived experiences. The research builds on the teachers’ capabilities literature to argue that norms, dynamics, and identities shape their political agency, opportunities, and constraints, providing nuanced understandings of their experiences as refugee teachers. Our aim is to narrate how they negotiate across different identities and mobilise their agency to be able to function as teachers and fit within their host countries. In doing so, we not only challenge the deficit model and oversimplified challenges experienced by teachers, but also explore the complexity and nuances of their journey of becoming and developing a teacher identity as a refugee under constrained working conditions. At the same time, teachers relentlessly build on their precarious teacher identities to work for their communities. The findings show that teachers build liminal identities in exile where the boundary between being a refugee and a teacher is simultaneously contested and embodied, but also key to their political agency and subjectivity of creating change.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 336-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2227108
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# input file: CJHD_A_2226461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maria Emma Santos
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Santos
Title: Measuring poverty around the world
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 424-426
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461
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# input file: CJHD_A_2226460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marie Phaneuf
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Phaneuf
Title: Who Matters at the World Bank? Bureaucrats, Policy Change, and Public Sector Governance
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 426-428
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226460
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2226460
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# input file: CJHD_A_2214725_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: The Incidence and Age Distribution of Death: Mortality by Caste, Gender, and Sector of Origin in India in the Mid-2010s
Abstract:
This paper considers the distribution of mortality across social groups classified by caste, gender and sector of origin in India in the mid-2010s: as such, the essay is intended to be both a methodological/measurement-oriented study and a substantive empirical assessment of an important dimension of human functioning in India. The analysis is carried out employing micro-data on the age-distributions of population and death-rates available in the National Family Health Survey of 2015–16 (NFHS-4). Mortality in the paper is measured in terms of the crude death rate, an indicator of “inefficiency” in the age-distribution of deaths, and an “age-adjusted” death rate which takes account of both the mean and the dispersion of a distribution. The last-mentioned indicator is taken to be the preferred measure of mortality. The analysis in the paper suggests that mortality outcomes across castes replicate the caste hierarchy and that there is a sharp rural-urban divide in the distribution of death. Mortality sex-ratios are found to be relatively more favourable for the lower than the higher castes. The results presented in the paper are not unexpected, but they provide quantitative confirmation of one's worst suspicions regarding the skewed distribution of mortality across social groups in India.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 375-400
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2214725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2214725
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# input file: CJHD_A_2209027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Wouter J. Rijke
Author-X-Name-First: Wouter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rijke
Author-Name: Jan Meerman
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Meerman
Author-Name: Bart Bloemen
Author-X-Name-First: Bart
Author-X-Name-Last: Bloemen
Author-Name: Sridhar Venkatapuram
Author-X-Name-First: Sridhar
Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatapuram
Author-Name: Jac Van der Klink
Author-X-Name-First: Jac
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Klink
Author-Name: Gert Jan Van der Wilt
Author-X-Name-First: Gert Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Wilt
Title: Strategies for Researching Programs’ Impact on Capability: A Scoping Review
Abstract:
Researchers seeking to assess the impact of a program on the capability of its target audience face numerous methodological challenges. The purpose of our review was to see to what extent such challenges are recognised and what choices researchers made in order to address them, and why. We identified 3354 studies by searching five databases in addition to cross-checking references from selected studies. A total of 71 studies met our pre-defined selection criteria: empirical studies reporting data on how interventions impacted the beneficiaries’ capability, providing sufficient detail on how impact was measured, in English language. Four independent raters assessed those studies on four domains: descriptive information, consideration of causal attribution, operationalisation of capability, and interpretation of findings. Challenges related to capability impact assessment were not widely explicitly acknowledged, and available measures to address these challenges were not being used routinely. Major weaknesses included little attention to causal attribution, infrequent justification of the specific content of capability, and failure to research the constitutive elements of capability and their interactions. Research into a program’s impact on the capability of its recipients is challenging for several reasons, but options are available to further improve the quality of this type of research.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 401-423
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2209027
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2209027
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# input file: CJHD_A_2240738_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thomas C. Stephens
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stephens
Title: The Quality of Work (QoW): Towards a Capability Theory
Abstract:
This paper introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework for measuring the Quality of Work (QoW) using the Capability Approach (CA). Drawing from [Robeyns,, Ingrid. 2017. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers.] modular framework for developing Capability Theories, it proposes we conceive of work as a body of resources existing in a “space” of work. Dimensions of QoW can be identified based on how work resources enhance, or impede, the achievement of important “beings and doings” (Functionings) both inside (intrinsic importance) or outside (instrumental) this space – such as intrinsic Functionings like meaningful work; or instrumental Functionings like family- and life-fulfilment. However, it further argues that many approaches to QoW are under-specified, since they neglect the crucial ways that peoples’ wider circumstances, outside this space of work, determine peoples’ overall work-related wellbeing. This calls for indices of multi-dimensional QoW to also measure (a) the range of wider Functionings people could achieve outside their current work activity (the Capability Set); and (b) personal, social, and environmental factors which affect how work resources are converted into Functionings (Conversion Factors). It is only by taking these circumstances into account that indices can capture the true impact of the worst forms of work, by understanding who is forced to engage in this work.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 309-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
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# input file: CJHD_A_2227106_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marc V. Rugani
Author-X-Name-First: Marc V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugani
Title: Capabilities, Rights, and Responsibilities: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching
Abstract:
Often referred to as the church’s “best kept secret”, Catholic social teaching (CST) has much that commends it to those employing the capabilities approach to frame and justify proposals to both shape structures of solidarity and organise collective decision making with an emphasis on personal participation. The permanent principles of CST – dignity of the human person, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good – correlate to several key features of the capabilities approach’s development ethical landscape, namely dignity, agency, justice, and flourishing. Specifically, by leveraging the notions of solidarity and subsidiarity in CST, development theorists and practitioners can better articulate the necessary relationship between rights and duties especially as they relate to the expansion of capabilities and the promotion of human flourishing. The notion of reciprocal duties to others understood in terms of the virtue of solidarity while promoting agency and the support needed for personal participation through subsidiarity can be a way to articulate the frontiers of capabilities as they interface with rights. Both rights and capabilities imply and necessitate relationships of justice and the recognition of dignity in others and oneself which can help transform institutions, including the Catholic Church itself.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 359-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106
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# input file: CJHD_A_2262330_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti
Author-X-Name-First: Enrica
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti
Title: Message from the Editor
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 429-429
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2262330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2262330
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# input file: CJHD_A_2264005_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: José Antonio Ocampo
Author-X-Name-First: José Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Ocampo
Author-Name: Daniel Titelman
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Titelman
Title: Rethinking Development in Latin America
Abstract:
Latin American countries face a crossroad that demands profound change in their development paradigm. In the last four decades economic growth, investment, and productivity have shown poor performance. This has made it impossible to break with the productive heterogeneity that characterises the region and its dependence on low value-added productive sectors and commodity-dependent export structures. Although there has been a positive advance in human development, high levels of inequality, poverty, social exclusion, and high labour market informality have been persistent in the countries of the region. Added to these structural problems is the need to face climate change, that has important distributive and social effects and requires a significant amount of investment in adaption and mitigation a will require a change in the development paradigm. A fiscal sustainability framework will be essential to ensure the viability of the public spending required to promote structural change. The framework should prioritise domestic resource mobilisation, through public revenues, which have historically been insufficient to meet the demands for public spending.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 569-591
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2264005
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2264005
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# input file: CJHD_A_2243919_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Macroeconomic Policies for a Sustainable World
Abstract:
The urgency of the climate crisis is such that it needs to inform most policy-making. It represents a major threat to human development. Yet while the existence of the crisis is generally acknowledged, this has not affected macro-economic policy even though the climate crisis has major effects on the accepted objectives of macro-economic policy, including growth and economic stability. The paper explores changes in macro-economic policy needed for sustainability which should become an intrinsic and overriding objective of policy. Implications of doing so are explored, including replacing the growth objective with green/sustainable growth, altering the measurement of GDP accordingly; greatly increasing the weight given to the well-being of future generations with implications for interest and investment rates; and reforming taxes and expenditures. Ballooning of debt is justified to support a rapid transition to a carbon-free economy. Among high-income countries, the growth objective should be questioned. Low income countries need green growth to attain reasonable living standards. Large-scale resource transfers to low income countries are essential to support green expenditures for mitigation and especially adaptation. High priorities are a change in the approach of the IMF and World Bank, and innovative financial mechanisms to support the required transfers.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 494-516
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919
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# input file: CJHD_A_2241840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Robert Pollin
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Pollin
Title: Fossil Fuel Industry Phase-Out and Just Transition: Designing Policies to Protect Workers’ Living Standards
Abstract:
This paper focuses on transition policies targeted at supporting workers now employed in the fossil fuel industries and ancillary sectors within high-income economies. As a general normative principle, I argue that the overarching aim of such policies should be to protect workers against major losses in their living standards resulting through the fossil fuel industry phase-out. The impacted workers should be provided with guarantees to accomplish this, in the areas of jobs, compensation and pensions. Just transition policies should also include job search, retraining and relocation programs, but these forms of support should be recognized as supplementary. The overall set of just transition policies is fully aligned with the Energy Justice and Capabilities Approach as well as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Within this framework, the paper first reviews experiences with transitional policies in Germany, the UK, the EU and, more briefly, Japan and Canada. The policies either implemented or discussed in these cases do not provide the needed guarantees. The paper then presents an illustrative robust just transition program for the heavily fossil fuel-dependent U.S. state of West Virginia. This program will cost, as an annual average, about $42,000 per impacted worker, or about 0.2 percent of West Virginia's current GDP. I briefly summarize results for seven other U.S. states and for the overall U.S. economy. For the U.S. economy overall, the just transition program's costs would total to about 0.015 percent of GDP. These findings demonstrate the financial viability of robust just transition programs for high-income economies.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 539-568
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840
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# input file: CJHD_A_2255015_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dirk Philipsen
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk
Author-X-Name-Last: Philipsen
Title: A Common Good Approach to Development
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 594-595
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255015
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# input file: CJHD_A_2252645_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar
Author-Name: Rajeev Malhotra
Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev
Author-X-Name-Last: Malhotra
Title: Economic and Social Policies for Human Development
Abstract:
Economic and social policies of governments could improve or worsen the wellbeing of people, so that their impact on human development could be positive or negative. This article discusses the role, as well as the scope, of public policies for human development in the contemporary developing and industrialised worlds, buffeted by frequent global and local economic crises, including a health pandemic of unprecedented proportions, where mainstream economic policies have often been detrimental, rather than conducive, to advancing human wellbeing. The paper revisits the human development framework and anchors it in an interpretation of the capability approach that helps in delineating economic and social policy pathways to desirable outcomes. It argues that this is essential for an effective operationalisation of the approach to human development. Building on that, it explores the nature of economic and social policies that might constitute an appropriate policy-mix for advancing human development. In doing so, it recognises that, while human development problems in poor and rich countries are similar, the choices, sequencing and prioritisation of policies will inevitably be determined by the country-context and government-objectives. Given the context, it suggests that the framework of SDGs at the national level could enable a focus on human development objectives in the policy design and strategic response of countries.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 439-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2252645
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2252645
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# input file: CJHD_A_2252646_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Deepak Nayyar
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar
Title: Economic Policies for Human Development: A Neglected Domain
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 430-438
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2252646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2252646
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# input file: CJHD_A_2243202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia
Title: Inequality and Capabilities in an Era of Rising Instability
Abstract:
This paper reviews the trends in income inequality over the last 40 years, and proposes a new explanation for their evolution – that it is hoped will be tested empirically by many studies in the years ahead – to see whether the observed increases in inequality of the last four decades have been caused by an aggravation of its traditional causes (such as land an human capital concentration), or by a widespread increase in instability in five key areas affecting inequality, the Human Development Index and human capabilities. The five areas where a sharp increase in instability has been observed concern: (a) the financial sector; (b) industry 4.0, especially the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; (c) diseases such as ebola, aids and covid; (d) number of conflicts and (e) a growing environmental crisis. A key unanswered question in the above proposed overall explanation is whether these five crises are interconnected and whether there is a primum movens that explains this series of problematic events.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 468-493
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202
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# input file: CJHD_A_2255016_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ravin Ponniah
Author-X-Name-First: Ravin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ponniah
Title: Radical Housing: Designing Multi-Generational and Co-Living Housing for All
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 596-597
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255016
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255016
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# input file: CJHD_A_2243232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Sakiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukuda-Parr
Author-Name: Kate Donald
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Donald
Title: Why is Macroeconomics Neglected in Equity and Inclusion Strategies for Sustainable Development? An Exploration of Four Systemic Barriers
Abstract:
The literatures on Macroeconomics and Human development and capabilities have been described as constituting “two different worlds” that never intersect despite the importance of macroeconomics for human development (Nayyar [2012]. “Macroeconomics and Human Development.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13 (1): 7–30.). This paper explores the barriers that keep the two worlds apart in policy making. It considers the case of national strategies for one is implementing UN Agenda 2030 (better known as the SDGs) with a commitment to equity and inclusion; the majority of which rely on social protection and neglect macroeconomic policies. This paper proposes four systemic barriers in the policy making processes: institutional silos and gaps, informational deficits, ideology, and interests. We highlight how these barriers play out in mutually reinforcing ways to construct resilient barriers: narrowly defined mandates of central banks and other economic agencies are reinforced by ideological commitments and the influence of vested interests to neglect inclusion, equity and sustainable development as policy objectives, and in policy research agendas. This in turn creates a vicious circle of information deficits with respect to policy alternatives. The paper discusses how these barriers play out differently in different policy making contexts for different stakeholders.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 517-538
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232
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# input file: CJHD_A_2255014_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Michael Askwith
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Askwith
Title: A Development Economist in the United Nations: Reasons for Hope
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 592-593
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2255014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2255014
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# input file: CJHD_A_2305391_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Brendan M. Howe
Author-X-Name-First: Brendan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Howe
Title: Response to the 2023 Human Security Policy Forum
Abstract:
The February 2022 UNDP Special Report (SR) on Human Security, “New threats to human security in the Anthropocene: Demanding greater solidarity” marked a welcome return by the UN body to the field in which, in 1994, it had provided the seminal text. The SR stimulated a great deal of academic and policy debate, featuring prominently in the HDCA Human Security Thematic Group’s sessions at the 2022 HDCA Antwerp conference. Conversations between the UNDP HDRO and HDCA led to the 2023 Human Security Policy Forum published in the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. The papers produced in this forum have emphasised a broadening of the human security discourse and policy prescription to consider the SR’s additional focus on the Anthropocene, agency, and solidarity. Several of the papers have also drawn attention to the interconnectivity of threats and spillover between them. While there is consensus among the papers on these issues, they are limited in the extent to which they address how such foci also lead to contestation, how they are situated in the wider policy discourse, and how they might best be operationalised. This paper revisits these discussions, adding additional insight on these points of reference.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 194-203
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2305391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2305391
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Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:1:p:194-203
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# input file: CJHD_A_2305388_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Laura García-Portela
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: García-Portela
Title: A Minimal Capabilities-Based Account of Loss and Damage
Abstract:
The topic of loss and damage has generated contentious debates in international policymaking and climate negotiations. Up until now, political agreements have been possible because of the use of ambiguous language in defining loss and damage. However, with the agreement of creating a specific fund for loss and damage reached in the last COP27, the need to define loss and damage becomes more pressing. This definition will not only determine to whom the funds will flow, but also what kind of measures will be funded. This paper contributes to clarifying these two issues. First, it proposes what should count, minimally, as loss and damage by specifying a minimal account of loss and damage based on the capabilities approach. This minimal account develops and justifies an ex-post perspective on loss and damage that is coherent with the UNFCCC discourse. Moreover, it proposes to differentiate between economic damage, non-economic losses, and non-economic damage. Second, it proposes a variety of reparative measures (material and symbolic) that should be implemented in response to different forms of loss and damage.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 170-193
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2305388
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2305388
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# input file: CJHD_A_2295149_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: S. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Title: Measurement Is Not Everything, But It Does Make a Difference
Abstract:
With the help of the Human Development Index, Mahbub ul Haq demonstrated that by focusing attention away from an exclusive concern with income as the only dimension in which to assess well-being, measurement which also involved a more general concern with other “spaces” of well-being could make a difference to comparative evaluations of, and policy perspectives on, human development. This is an example of the difference which measurement can make when the concern is with a shift in what is being measured rather than in how it is measured. In this lecture, the “space” in which well-being is measured – the conventional money-metric space – is retained, while some consequences of changing the “aggregation protocols” of measurement are examined. Specifically, the concern is with measures of inequality and poverty which have typically been interpreted as (population- and income-) relative measures, and with how a shift to arguably more reasonable measures which are intermediate between relative and absolute conceptualizations could make a difference to comparative assessments of magnitudes over time and across space.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 21-41
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2295149
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2295149
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# input file: CJHD_A_2261868_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Witness Chikoko
Author-X-Name-First: Witness
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikoko
Author-Name: Lorraine van Blerk
Author-X-Name-First: Lorraine
Author-X-Name-Last: van Blerk
Author-Name: Janine Hunter
Author-X-Name-First: Janine
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter
Author-Name: Wayne Shand
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Shand
Title: Realising Capabilities for Street Young People in Harare, Zimbabwe: A New Approach to Social Protection
Abstract:
Living in social contexts characterised by poverty and inequality, street young people have limited access to healthcare, water sanitation and hygiene services; exacerbating effects of ill health, infections, lack of nutrition and substance abuse that undermine their wellbeing. In Harare, Zimbabwe, they are also excluded from Social Protection Programmes (SPPs) which potentially assist other impoverished Zimbabweans, two-thirds of whom live below the poverty line (WFP 2019. Zimbabwe Annual Country Report 2019. World Food Programme). In this paper, we propose a reassessment of SPPs, in particular the Assisted Medical Treatment Order (AMTO), identifying barriers to access, and benefits for extending access to street young people . Drawing on secondary analysis of data from Growing up on the Streets, this paper re-conceptualises Ingrid Robeyns’ (2005. “The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey.” Journal of Human Development 6 (1): 93–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266) model of capabilities and applies it to the reversal of street youth exclusion and the application of government-targeted initiatives which have failed to reach those in the most vulnerable situations. In so doing, we propose an adapted model which recognises how the capabilities of street young people are enhanced when they are integrated into SPPs. This adapted model can be replicated and applied to relevant interventions for other groups of marginalised people in across contexts.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 110-130
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261868
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261868
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# input file: CJHD_A_2300626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Simantini Mukhopadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Simantini
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay
Title: Using Alienation to Understand the Link Between Work and Capabilities
Abstract:
The last five decades have witnessed sociologists formulating various scales to measure and assess the degree of alienation of workers. Critical Marxists, however, argue that de-ideologisation and valueneutrality cannot be seen as desirable properties of a reconceptualization of the Marxian notion of alienation. Most Marxist scholars are not in favour of a comparative-quantitative analysis of Marx's theory of alienation. Nevertheless, Sen situates Marx's theory in the category of those which carry out “realization-focused comparison” (as opposed to “transcendental institutionalism”), by comparing societies that actually exist or may evolve. This paper articulates the need for an operationalization of the concept of alienation in empirical terms and calls for a meaningful dialogue between the capability approach to meaningful work and the emerging and significant body of literature on alienation and capabilities. It argues that alienation, translated to the capability vocabulary as “impairments in responsible agency to attain the capabilities one has reason to value” may also be mapped onto failed social relationships. Even when we do not limit the concept of alienation to the system-anti-system binary, we need to understand it in the context of the failures of economic institutions existing in the contemporary world.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 151-169
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2300626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2300626
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# input file: CJHD_A_2261856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Rowan Murray
Author-X-Name-First: Rowan
Author-X-Name-Last: Murray
Title: The Capability Approach, Pedagogic Rights and Course Design: Developing Autonomy and Reflection through Student-Led, Individually Created Courses
Abstract:
University education can provide more than discipline knowledge development. It can also develop lifelong skills such as autonomy, critical reflection, and independent thought. With its concern for the individual and development of the self as well as society, the Capability Approach offers a useful framework for evaluating individual development beyond disciplines. This paper aims to employ the Capability Approach to explore how student-led learning might lead to individual and social development. As there is a focus on courses and curricula, it employs the complementary concept of Pedagogic Rights. It presents findings from a small-scale qualitative research project, which included the perspectives of individuals who had recently completed self-designed, individually-created courses. Findings show that student-led courses align with Capability Approach values, providing a space for individual development and expansion of capabilities.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 131-150
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261856
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# input file: CJHD_A_2266691_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Cherise Regier
Author-X-Name-First: Cherise
Author-X-Name-Last: Regier
Title: Labour Law, Employees’ Capability for Voice, and Wellbeing: A Framework for Evaluation
Abstract:
Labour power has significantly declined across affluent democracies in recent decades, resulting in a widening scale of power inequality within the contemporary employment relationship. Employee voice is a key component of labour power that represents a human capability according to Amartya Sen’s conceptualisation: a real freedom to achieve states of being that one has reason to value. Employees deficient in the capability for voice lack sufficient bargaining power to influence workplace decision-making, which threatens their wellbeing by increasing their risk of exposure to work-related stressors and limiting their opportunities to improve their welfare. In this article, employee voice legislation is argued to be a necessary social conversion factor of employees’ capability for voice that can promote further advantage. However, research assessing its effectiveness at enhancing wellbeing is greatly limited due to an over reliance on neoliberal and new institutional forms of economic analysis that reveal little about the quality of employees’ lives. A comprehensive framework for evaluation based on Sen’s capability approach is proposed that when operationalised for empirical analysis, can advance our understanding of employee wellbeing in the twenty-first century.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 87-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2266691
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# input file: CJHD_A_2261858_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Oleksandr Svitych
Author-X-Name-First: Oleksandr
Author-X-Name-Last: Svitych
Title: Amartya Sen, Karl Polanyi, and Universal Basic Income
Abstract:
This paper develops a Polanyian capabilitarian framework to understand and justify the universal basic income. I combine Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach with Karl Polanyi’s substantive view of economy to mount a normative case for basic income. Using this approach, I also ground the basic income debate in a relational ontology, the idea that the self and society are mutually constituted. By doing so, I problematise hegemonic assumptions underlying much of the basic income discourse and call for ontological and epistemic diversity. The paper both provides a critique of individualist ontology and offers an affirmative modification centred on relationality and interdependence.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 42-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2261858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2261858
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# input file: CJHD_A_2297917_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Melanie Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Melanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Title: Repair in Education Spaces
Abstract:
The paper discusses repair as valuable for thinking about and acting towards sustainable human development. Repair asks us to take account of intersections of past, present, and reimagined futures; the end is becoming and being full human beings with dignity, attentive to the lives of others and to what Achille Mbembe calls the “living world”. We seek to repair that which is valuable to us, while also setting aside what cannot be fixed (for example colonialism and apartheid). The concept of repair is proposed as a lens to think about some disrepair challenges facing development: the enduring effects of history on justice, skewed global knowledge relations, and racism. The ideas are then applied to the space of education. A repair praxis framework is proposed based on four overlapping dimensions: conviviality as incompleteness; advancing epistemic freedoms; fostering transformational learning; and, spaces of dialogue and participation. The paper concludes with an example of renaming the world to repair the world and finally reminds us that we should pay attention to who we are with others, to what we repair, and to the kind of ancestors we choose to be for future generations.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2297917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2297917
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# input file: CJHD_A_2283224_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Ana Petek
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Petek
Author-Name: Ana Gavran Miloš
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavran Miloš
Author-Name: Nebojša Zelič
Author-X-Name-First: Nebojša
Author-X-Name-Last: Zelič
Title: Affiliation as Solidarity: Perspective of Vulnerable Groups
Abstract:
This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of affiliation by developing a contextually sensitive mid-level theory comprising specific elements, layers, and factors of affiliation. Vulnerable groups are a locus of analysis because they are particularly sensitive to various forms of social exclusion or non-affiliation. A binary study of persons with physical disability and treated alcoholics in Croatia was conducted by focus group interviewing. Through thematic analysis, six different code patterns were detected—solidarity affiliation, identity affiliation, alcoholism affiliation, disability affiliation, disability exclusion, and alcoholism exclusion—that represent key respondents’ narratives on belonging. Crucial findings stress how vulnerable groups ground affiliation mostly in elements of solidarity rather than in terms of identity, how layers of affiliation (social and associational affiliation) are not so clearly differentiated but still deepen insights on affiliation, and how important factors enhancing affiliation are personal virtues which are not so prominent in theory. Therefore, the role of political institutions supporting affiliation as a meta-capability should be primarily set on solidarity affiliation, should nourish various layers of affiliation, and should be supported by citizens who care about their fellow citizens, especially those from vulnerable groups.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 61-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2283224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2023.2283224
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# input file: CJHD_A_2333673_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler
Title: Hijacked: how neoliberalism turned the work ethic against workers and how workers can take it back
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 363-365
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2333673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2333673
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# input file: CJHD_A_2330175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: César Osorio Sánchez
Author-X-Name-First: César Osorio
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez
Title: Democratising Participatory Research: Pathways to Social Justice from the South
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 362-363
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2330175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2330175
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# input file: CJHD_A_2336070_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Tracey Freiberg
Author-X-Name-First: Tracey
Author-X-Name-Last: Freiberg
Author-Name: Deon Frederick Gibson
Author-X-Name-First: Deon
Author-X-Name-Last: Frederick Gibson
Author-Name: Elaine Agyemang Tontoh
Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Agyemang
Author-X-Name-Last: Tontoh
Title: The Triple Day Thesis Versus Neoclassical Models of Labour Supply: Alternative Perspectives and Policies
Abstract:
In this theoretical paper, we respond to the Triple Day Thesis (TDT) by positioning it within the context of the neoclassical labour supply literature and existing public policy. The TDT applies a theoretical lens to the practical experiences of mothers as they distribute time between self-reproductive, reproductive, and waged work. Self-reproductive work refers to self-care, self-investment, and self-realizable activities, including time for good sleep, schooling, and intellectual and social engagements that promote mothers’ human development and well-being. The TDT identifies the Triple Day Problem (TDP) as the lack of freedom or inability of mothers to engage in self-reproductive work as they balance the increasing demands of reproductive work with waged work and proposes Motherhood Compensation as a social policy solution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the existence of the TDP can be used to explain persistent gender differences in labour force participation. We envision the TDT as a novel theoretical approach to promoting mothers’ labour force participation and social mobility through self-reproductive work. We suggest that Motherhood Compensation can be created from a mix of already existing family programs, including paid leave, parental allowance, and cash transfer programs.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 305-326
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2336070
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# input file: CJHD_A_2333895_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Kopal Khare
Author-X-Name-First: Kopal
Author-X-Name-Last: Khare
Author-Name: Lavanya Suresh
Author-X-Name-First: Lavanya
Author-X-Name-Last: Suresh
Title: Women and Invisible Boundaries: A Case of Slippage in Sanitation in Two Gram Panchayats, Shravasti, UP, India
Abstract:
Sustainable management of water and sanitation is inextricably linked with women’s health and well-being. This paper investigates slippage in sanitation, experienced by women beneficiaries of the Swacch Bharat Mission Rural programme through Amartya Sen’s conception of justice. A total of 135 individuals were interviewed from 49 households in Kanjadwa and Madhnagar Manoharpur Gram Panchayats, Shravasti, India, out of which 90 were women. As per findings, 30% of women practice open defaecation despite possessing toilets, resulting in slippage. The Sanitation Well-being framework is deployed to study slippage and its linkage with women’s agency. Personal, cultural, and structural factors contributing to this are child marriage, denial of education and employment opportunities, slut shaming, victim blaming, domestic violence, and character assassination. These are made worse by the state adoption of misogynistic IEC messages that reinforce cultural stereotypes and worsen women's condition. In the quest to attain ODF status in Ikauna Block, UP, the current sanitation programme became a tool of suppression. Consequently, we understand that open defaecation among women is an outcome of the basic unfreedoms rather than a volitional choice that prevents them from experiencing sanitation well-being.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 281-304
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2333895
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# input file: CJHD_A_2335087_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Alejandra Boni Aristizábal
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Boni
Author-X-Name-Last: Aristizábal
Title: Message from the Editor
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 205-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2335087
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2335087
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# input file: CJHD_A_2337800_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Henry H. Bi
Author-X-Name-First: Henry H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bi
Title: Measuring the Development Progress of Least Developed Countries: In the Context of World Development
Abstract:
This article measures the ten-year development progress of 47 least developed countries (LDCs) based on comparing the development performances of 217 countries and economies. A methodology based on the theory of statistical process control is used to evaluate development performances in three dimensions: per capita income, life expectancy, and education. This methodology uses a pair of average and standard deviation charts to measure each LDC’s degree of growth and stability of growth in each dimension of development, and uses the three standard deviation limits in each chart to identify exceptional development performances that are outside the upper or lower limit. This article has three key findings on the exceptional development performances of LDCs in the context of world development over 2010–2019: (1) Seventeen LDCs achieved exceptionally high increases in life expectancy; (2) one LDC achieved exceptionally high growth in per capita income, but two LDCs had exceptionally low performances in the growth of per capita income; and (3) six LDCs experienced exceptionally unstable growth of per capita income. These findings shed some light on the future development priorities for LDCs. The reliability of analysis is also discussed.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 327-357
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2337800
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# input file: CJHD_A_2336083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Paul Anand
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand
Title: Artificial Intelligence, Human Development and Impact
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 358-361
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2336083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2336083
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# input file: CJHD_A_2332376_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Boram Kimhur
Author-X-Name-First: Boram
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimhur
Title: Measuring Housing Inequality with the Value of Freedom in the Capability Approach: Proposal and Demonstration
Abstract:
An ongoing question in capability research is how to incorporate the value of freedom into the measurement of inequality. This article proposes an approach to answering this question in the housing domain and its operationalisation. The approach places an evaluation focus to the conditions constraining or expanding housing choices in the dimensions of opportunity, security, and ability. For operationalisation, the study designed a measurement of multidimensional housing disadvantages (MHDs) using the Alkire-Foster method and data from the Netherlands. Indicators include the entitlement to housing tenure options, vulnerability in housing cost payments, and ability to plan finance for housing. The measurement outcome demonstrates that the MHDs measurement can provide information on whose housing choices are more intensely constrained, thus having a lower capability for housing, and whose current housing situation is likely a result of coerced choices. The findings indicate that adults living with housemates or family (latent households), youths, and those with precarious jobs have a significantly lower capability for housing compared to other population groups. This article also compares the freedom-oriented measure of MHDs with functioning-oriented and other conventional measures and discusses its distinguishing properties. This comparison suggests a need to revisit current policy priorities in addressing housing inequality.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 232-256
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2332376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2332376
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:232-256
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CJHD_A_2334415_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Irene van Staveren
Author-X-Name-First: Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staveren
Title: How Institutional Economics May Support the Analysis of Individual and Collective Capabilities
Abstract:
The analysis in this article starts from the recognition that institutions make an important part of the Capability Approach, as conversion factors from resources to capabilities and as affecting agency. The tradition of Old Institutional Economics is critical of the neoclassical view of the individual and agency and emphasises the importance of social context. Hence, there is some common ground between the Capability Approach (CA) and Old Institutional Economics (OIE). The purpose of this article is to explore how insights from OIE might enrich the CA both conceptually and empirically. This may be done for individual capabilities as well as for collective capabilities. A better understanding of collective resource-institutions and collective agency-institutions will also contribute to the analysis of capability expansion in the community economy through collective productive capabilities in commons, cooperatives and mutuals. The conclusion is that an understanding of institutions in the tradition of OIE may help to clarify the relationships between social norms and agency; complement the notion of constrained choice with enabling institutions; and point at how institutional transformation may support individual and collective capability expansion.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 206-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2334415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2334415
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:206-231
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CJHD_A_2330885_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Barnali Chakraborty
Author-X-Name-First: Barnali
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty
Author-Name: Shrinivas Darak
Author-X-Name-First: Shrinivas
Author-X-Name-Last: Darak
Author-Name: Haisma Hinke
Author-X-Name-First: Haisma
Author-X-Name-Last: Hinke
Title: Operationalising the Capability Approach for Healthy Child Growth via a Participatory Method: An Illustrative Case in Haor Areas of Bangladesh
Abstract:
The Task Force “Towards a Multidimensional Index to Child Growth”, within the International Union of Nutritional Sciences, developed a capability framework for child growth (CFCG). This framework aims to redefine child growth monitoring, expanding beyond weight and height to encompass parental capabilities. We further operationalised the CFCG in hard-to-reach haor areas of Bangladesh, resulting in the publication of a list outlining parental capabilities for child growth. This paper details the methodology and participatory process employed, offering reflections on how our research followed the criteria proposed by Robeyns for identifying capabilities. First, we built a contextualised list of capabilities for child growth based on discussions with local experts. This list underwent further adaptation for haor regions in two rounds. Initially, we used a doxastic interviewing methodology to create a draft emic list of capabilities for child growth. Subsequently, utilising an epistemic methodology, we refined the list. The doxastic interviews focused on “understanding” the interviewees; the epistemic interviews facilitated equal communication between interviewer and interviewee, promoting knowledge co-creation. This rigorous approach validates the findings with the affected communities and supports implementation of the CFCG in policy and practice. This methodology could be extended to other pertinent research areas for capability scholars.
Journal: Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
Pages: 257-280
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2024.2330885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19452829.2024.2330885
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:25:y:2024:i:2:p:257-280