Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: Continuations and Beginnings Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420671003726411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420671003726411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. L. Hill Author-X-Name-First: T. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Author-Name: Tanvi H. Kothari Author-X-Name-First: Tanvi H. Author-X-Name-Last: Kothari Author-Name: Matthew Shea Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Shea Title: Patterns of Meaning in the Social Entrepreneurship Literature: A Research Platform Abstract: Abstract We offer an inductive meta-analysis of the social entrepreneurship literature. Methodologically, we illustrate the usefulness of network and semantic network analysis in identifying and interpreting the concepts that provide coherence to a largely conceptual and analytic scholarly literature, or indeed any set of texts. The result of this rigorous approach is an orderly mapping of a conceptual framework for understanding social entrepreneurship, including unifying themes, areas of contention and promising avenues for future research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 5-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420670903442079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420670903442079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:5-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacques Defourny Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Defourny Author-Name: Marthe Nyssens Author-X-Name-First: Marthe Author-X-Name-Last: Nyssens Title: Conceptions of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences Abstract: Abstract The concepts of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship are making amazing breakthroughs in EU countries and the United States. Until recently, the debates on both sides of the Atlantic have taken place in parallel trajectories with few connections among them. In the first part of the paper, we describe the European and US historical landscapes in which those concepts took root. In the second part, we analyse how the various conceptualizations have evolved. This analysis paves the way for the third part, in which we highlight the conceptual convergences and divergences among regions as well as within the US and European landscapes. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 32-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420670903442053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420670903442053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:32-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Urbano Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Urbano Author-Name: Nuria Toledano Author-X-Name-First: Nuria Author-X-Name-Last: Toledano Author-Name: Domingo Ribeiro Soriano Author-X-Name-First: Domingo Ribeiro Author-X-Name-Last: Soriano Title: Analyzing Social Entrepreneurship from an Institutional Perspective: Evidence from Spain Abstract: Abstract In recent years, social entrepreneurship (SE) has been regarded as an important source of social, economic and environmental wealth, and many scholars are focusing their inquiries on this emerging area. Little is known, however, concerning the environmental factors that affect this entrepreneurial phenomenon. In this research, we analyze how these factors affect both the emergence and implementation of SE in the highly entrepreneurial Spanish region of Catalonia, using institutional economics as the main conceptual framework. We also apply an inductive theory, building an empirical approach to conducting a multiple-case study in order to develop theoretical propositions that enhance our understanding of the phenomenon. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 54-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420670903442061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420670903442061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:54-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: The Institutionalization of Social Investment: The Interplay of Investment Logics and Investor Rationalities Abstract: Abstract Across the world, a new landscape of social investment has been developing rapidly over the last 10--15 years, yet there has not been an academic study of the phenomenon to date. This paper aims to address this important gap in social entrepreneurship research with new empirical and theoretical work. Theoretically, the paper takes an interpretive approach drawing on institutional theory and other work on the sociology of markets to conceptualize social investment as a socially constructed space within which different investment logics and investor rationalities are currently in play. Using a Weberian analytic lens this paper identifies two ideal type investor rationalities (zweckrational; wertrational) that drive different institutional forms of social investment but also suggests that a third -- systemic -- rationality can be discerned that combines aspects of both in practice. This analysis suggests a three-part typology of social investment organized according to investor rationality that, in turn, generates a Social Investment Matrix consisting of nine distinct models. Empirically, this paper presents -- for the first time -- an attempt to quantify the flows of capital within the inchoate social investment landscape. The paper concludes by setting out three possible future scenarios for social investment each representing the ultimate dominance of a singular investor rationality. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 70-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420671003701257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420671003701257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:70-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeffrey Goldstein Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Goldstein Author-Name: James K. Hazy Author-X-Name-First: James K. Author-X-Name-Last: Hazy Author-Name: Joyce Silberstang Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Silberstang Title: A Complexity Science Model of Social Innovation in Social Enterprise Abstract: Abstract A complexity science-based model for social innovation in social enterprises is presented. The three components of the model include: (1) representing the evolution of social innovation using nonlinear dynamical systems with accompanying parameters and attractors; (2) a cusp catastrophe model of bifurcation or the emergence of a new attractor; (3) the role of emergence in complex systems utilizing recombinatory operations. The model represents the emergence of social innovation as an evolving dynamical system governed by the interaction of two parameters. The first parameter is opportunity tension or the degree of coordination and organization on a collective level required to resolve social problems or take advantage of social opportunities. The second is informational differences having to do with the accessibility of information via social networks connecting key players in the social system under consideration. The informational differences parameter also refers to experiments in social novelty acting as seeds of the emergent social innovations. Since social innovation is understood as the emergence of a new attractor reflecting the social innovations, the new attractor is shown to replace an originary attractor representing inadequate ‘business as usual’ practices and social networks that have not been able to resolve the social problem or take advantage of the opportunity. At a critical threshold, the social system undergoes bifurcation as extant social components are recombined leading to the generation of novel social forms that can more sufficiently resolve the social problem or take advantage of the opportunity. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 101-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420671003629763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420671003629763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:101-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul N. Bloom Author-X-Name-First: Paul N. Author-X-Name-Last: Bloom Author-Name: Brett R. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Brett R. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Identifying the Drivers of Social Entrepreneurial Impact: Theoretical Development and an Exploratory Empirical Test of SCALERS Abstract: Abstract The scaling of social entrepreneurial impact is an important issue in the field of social entrepreneurship. While researchers have focused relatively little theoretical and empirical attention on scaling, a recently proposed set of drivers of scaling -- incorporated into what has been labeled the SCALERS model -- may provide guidance for new theoretical and empirical work on scaling of social impact. In this study, prior work on the drivers of scaling is extended by adding to the theoretical foundations upon which the SCALERS model is developed and by providing an initial empirical test of the SCALERS model. Initial empirical support is found for the SCALERS model of scaling social entrepreneurial impact. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 126-145 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420670903458042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420670903458042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:126-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Michie Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Michie Author-Name: David T. Llewellyn Author-X-Name-First: David T. Author-X-Name-Last: Llewellyn Title: Converting Failed Financial Institutions into Mutual Organisations Abstract: Abstract There are three reasons for promoting mutual building societies: they are less prone than banks to pursue risky speculative activity; a mixed system produces a more stable financial sector; and a stronger mutual sector enhances competition within the financial system. The banking crisis highlighted the importance of retaining diverse models of financial service providers, and while mutuals were affected by the recession, they were not themselves responsible for causing the recession, as were private banks. The UK Government needs to secure a financial return for the failed financial institutions it nationalised and a low level of overall economic risk for the taxpayer. Given a trade-off, the long-run benefits of financial sustainability and reduced risk, plus enhanced competition, need to be given proper weighting compared with any short run gain through a trade sale and the repayment of the government's support. This paper focuses on the case of Northern Rock as the most suitable candidate for remutualisation, and whose disposal is under current consideration, but the analysis applies more widely. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 146-170 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420671003629789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420671003629789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:1:p:146-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: Turn! Turn! Turn! Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 171-173 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.521649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.521649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:171-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Fedele Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Fedele Author-Name: Raffaele Miniaci Author-X-Name-First: Raffaele Author-X-Name-Last: Miniaci Title: Do Social Enterprises Finance Their Investments Differently from For-profit Firms? The Case of Social Residential Services in Italy Abstract: Abstract We develop a theoretical framework, based on a moneylender--firm relationship with moral hazard, to investigate whether enterprise capital structure differs between for-profit and nonprofit sectors. The nondistribution constraint of the nonprofit organizations increases the fraction of own capital on total investment: according to our theoretical predictions, this reduces leverage, defined as the amount borrowed over the total investment. By contrast, the intrinsically high commitment of nonprofit entrepreneurs weakens the moral hazard problem: this augments leverage. We then analyze a longitudinal data set of balance sheets of 504 firms operating in the social residential sector in Italy. Our empirical analysis shows that once controlled for observable characteristics, for-profit companies have a leverage 6% higher than nonprofit enterprises, even if the latter face lower credit costs. We explain this finding by arguing that the effect of the nondistribution constraint prevails over the effect of the social entrepreneurs' intrinsic motivation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 174-189 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.511812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.511812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:174-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Svensson Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson Author-Name: Lars Bengtsson Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson Title: Users' Influence in Social-service Innovations: Two Swedish Case Studies Abstract: Abstract This article uses case studies to address the sources of social innovation, a major contributor to economic growth and welfare services. Following the findings of user-innovation research in the commercial sector, the authors found that social-problem users innovate new social services for solving specific social problems. They also found that superior problem and solution knowledge is one reason for their ability to do this, that their legitimacy with other potential users is an important factor for their innovations' diffusion and that the legitimacy of the new social services' operators with other stakeholders is important for acquiring resources for their projects. This contributes to the understanding of the management of social innovation using the established theoretical framework of user innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 190-212 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.511813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.511813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:190-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ulrika Levander Author-X-Name-First: Ulrika Author-X-Name-Last: Levander Title: Social Enterprise: Implications of Emerging Institutionalized Constructions Abstract: Abstract In contemporary discourse social enterprise is often described as a new and innovative phenomenon aiming to solve current challenges of the welfare state. However, social enterprise can also be seen as a complex set of discourses within an institutionally constructed narrative designed to build identity and gain legitimacy. Using theoretical frameworks from neo-institutionalism in a critical discourse analysis the concept of social enterprise is here analyzed discursively both at a policy level and at the practitioner's level in contemporary Scandinavian discourse. Whilst the latter discourses conceptualize social enterprise as a method to empower marginalized individuals or disadvantaged groups, the findings show that the discourses outlined at a policy level primarily talk of social enterprise as being a solution to structural issues across society. Policy discourses suggest that focal actors within social enterprises are supposed to change and to be disciplined in order to address their social difficulties, rather than to be empowered. This paper suggests that the discourses around social enterprise not only embody solutions to social ills, but may also exert an influence over the governance of social enterprises and over their work. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 213-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.511815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.511815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:213-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Steyaert Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Steyaert Author-Name: Pascal Dey Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Author-X-Name-Last: Dey Title: Nine Verbs to Keep the Social Entrepreneurship Research Agenda ‘Dangerous’ Abstract: Abstract This paper critiques and re-imagines current research approaches to the field of social entrepreneurship. Taking a theoretical view of research as ‘enactment’, this paper explores research as a constitutive act and explores a range of ways of relating with and constructing the subject of inquiry. Three models of enactive research are presented, each based on three verbs which denote the contours of a ‘dangerous’ research agenda for social entrepreneurship. These include: (a) ‘critiquing’ approaches to research through denaturalizing, critically performing and reflexivity; (b) ‘inheriting’ approaches through contextualizing, historicizing and connecting; and (c) ‘intervening’ approaches through participating, spatializing and minorizing. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 231-254 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.511817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.511817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:231-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Title: Innovations in Doing and Being: Capability Innovations at the Intersection of Schumpeterian Political Economy and Human Development Abstract: Abstract This paper seeks to contribute to a conceptual perspective with which to approach the evaluations and explanation of social entrepreneurs as agents of social change. First, it discusses the capability approach as a comprehensive normative framework with which to articulate ‘the social’ in a way that deals with the triple challenge of specifying ‘the social’ in a context of conflicts of interests, value diversity and exclusive public spheres. Second, the paper proposes two explanatory hypotheses of innovation for social change: (a) social innovation as the carrying out of new combinations of capabilities; (b) social entrepreneurs as characterized by their capacity to imagine and carry out new combinations of capabilities. The combination of capabilities suggests a subset of human development where ethics meets innovation: a capability innovation pathway at the crossroads of long-term, societal perspectives on change (human development, Schumpeterian economic development) where innovation is social and capability advancement entrepreneurial. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 255-272 Issue: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.511818 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.511818 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:1:y:2010:i:2:p:255-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: Social Enterprise -- At the Forefront of Rethinking Business? Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.566764 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.566764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon E. Shockley Author-X-Name-First: Gordon E. Author-X-Name-Last: Shockley Author-Name: Peter M. Frank Author-X-Name-First: Peter M. Author-X-Name-Last: Frank Title: Schumpeter, Kirzner, and the Field of Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Abstract Joseph Schumpeter's and Israel Kirzner's ‘classical’ theories of entrepreneurship have contributed much to the field of entrepreneurship but have been underutilized in the emerging field of social entrepreneurship. The argument of this paper is that the utilization of Schumpeterian and Kirznerian theories of entrepreneurship can advance the field of social entrepreneurship in two ways. The first potential contribution from utilizing their classical theories is to guide theory-building for social entrepreneurship. In this paper, a close reading and interpretation of Schumpeter's and Kirzner's work is undertaken alongside a critique of current theories of social entrepreneurship. Five essential theoretical components of Schumpeterian and Kirznerian classical entrepreneurship theories are distilled with respect to social entrepreneurship theory-building: (1) the distinction between entrepreneurial thinking and rational models of decision making; (2) the distinction between entrepreneurship and leadership, capitalism, and management; (3) the ubiquity of entrepreneurship in all human endeavors; (4) the causal functionality of entrepreneurship; and (5) the priority of the process of entrepreneurship over the instrumentality of the entrepreneur. A research proposition is then constructed on each essential theoretical component. The research propositions point to possible research directions for the field of social entrepreneurship, thus representing the second potential contribution of the paper. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 6-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2010.544924 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2010.544924 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:6-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Dorado Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Dorado Author-Name: Dave Shaffer Author-X-Name-First: Dave Author-X-Name-Last: Shaffer Title: Governance among Confounding Logics: The Case of DePaul Industries Abstract: Abstract This paper explores board decision-making in social enterprises. It argues that while dominant theoretical frameworks (agency and stakeholder theories) help to understand the challenges faced by the boards of social enterprises, they need to be complemented to account, more adequately, for challenges deriving from the confounding logics framing valuations of organizational effectiveness in social enterprises. The paper identifies pace of decision-making as a crucial variable that requires further research attention and, building on the literature on group decision and dynamics, it advances several factors that can frame the expediency (or sluggishness) with which the boards of social enterprises take decisions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 27-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.555776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.555776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:27-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Othmar M. Lehner Author-X-Name-First: Othmar M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lehner Title: The Phenomenon of Social Enterprise in Austria: A Triangulated Descriptive Study Abstract: Abstract There is little to no existing research on the phenomenon of social enterprises (SEs) in Austria. To enable subsequent comparative studies, the author first traces social enterprises' conceptual underpinnings from most current research found in leading journals and subsequently creates a framework based upon social origins theory for use on Austria's social enterprises. In order to validate the findings, the author employs a triangulated research approach, including an online-based survey, semi-structured interviews and two panel discussions. Social enterprises in Austria are characterized through social activities, organizational types, legal forms, the society sector, the outcome emphasis, and the strategic development base. The social entrepreneur him/herself was included as a source for a qualitative triangulation as well as a distinctive item. Austria's SEs are found to work in a multitude of fields, are independent, use market-based approaches, employ improvisation and innovation for the creation of social good and incorporate a strong entrepreneurial spirit. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 53-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.555775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.555775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:53-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: João Cotter Salvado Author-X-Name-First: João Cotter Author-X-Name-Last: Salvado Title: Social Enterprise Models and SPO Financial Sustainability: The Case of BRAC Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to assess whether social enterprise practices can contribute to solving financial sustainability problems for social purpose organizations. Using the illustrative case-study of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), and based on a financial ratio analysis for the years of 2005 and 2009, this paper concludes that a revenue structure based on social enterprise initiatives, in opposition to donor grants, generates a more financially sustainable organization. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 79-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.560172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.560172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:79-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanjay Bhowmick Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Bhowmick Title: Social Cause Venturing as a Distinct Domain Abstract: Abstract Venturing activities focused on social causes has been called ‘social entrepreneurship’. This paper argues that the social entrepreneurship literature largely focuses on the similarities and overlooks the fundamental differences between social and commercial entrepreneurship, making the former only an extension of the latter. The paper suggests that the former is better differentiated by a designation of ‘social cause venturing’ as it elaborates a point of departure from the present literature. Through a detailed analysis of a social venturing case, the paper explores some of the tensions between social cause venturing and traditional entrepreneurship. It proposes ‘sponsor motive’ as the major discriminating construct and highlights other differences, such as performance assessment, between the two fields. The paper argues for social cause venturing as a distinct domain that is fundamentally different from entrepreneurship as we know it, and recommends a course correction of the theory building effort. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 99-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.560390 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.560390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:1:p:99-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: Skin and Bones Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 121-124 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.626612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.626612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:121-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarrod Ormiston Author-X-Name-First: Jarrod Author-X-Name-Last: Ormiston Author-Name: Richard Seymour Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Seymour Title: Understanding Value Creation in Social Entrepreneurship: The Importance of Aligning Mission, Strategy and Impact Measurement Abstract: Abstract This paper explores and clarifies the significance of aligning mission, objectives and strategy with impact measurement in social entrepreneurship. We present a framework for understanding the value created by social entrepreneurs, presenting theoretical and practical insights into impact measurement. Drawing on case studies in Latin America, we suggest the presence of a ‘mission measurement paradox’ that affects social entrepreneurs in their attempts to measure social impact and understand value creation. The paradox suggests that social entrepreneurs are failing to evaluate their social impact with sufficient regard to their social mission. Preconceptions resulting from the use of traditional management approaches in social enterprises are presented, with guidance on how these can be avoided by both researchers and practitioners. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 125-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.606331 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.606331 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:125-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Frumkin Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Frumkin Author-Name: Elizabeth K. Keating Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth K. Author-X-Name-Last: Keating Title: Diversification Reconsidered: The Risks and Rewards of Revenue Concentration Abstract: Abstract In the search for sustainability and stability, a central tenet of social entrepreneurship holds that revenue diversification is desirable. Business and nonprofit researchers have long argued that by establishing and maintaining multiple streams of funding, including some combination of earned income, government contracts, foundation and corporate grants, and individual contributions, organizations are able to avoid excessive dependence on any single revenue source, stabilize their financial positions, and thereby reduce the risk of financial crises or interruptions in funding. By studying a large sample of nonprofit organizations in the US, this paper investigates whether this basic claim about the desirability of revenue diversification is both correct and complete. Against the dominant trend in the literature that focuses on the risks of revenue concentration, we find that nonprofit organizations that have highly concentrated and specialized forms of revenue actually experience some significant benefits, in the form of lower administrative and fund-raising expenses. However, these savings are associated with greater exposure to swings in an organization's financial position. Based on our study of the broader world of nonprofit organizations, we conclude that social entrepreneurs likely face a more complex set of choices about the composition of their revenue than previous research has suggested. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 151-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.614630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.614630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:151-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Florin Author-X-Name-First: Juan Author-X-Name-Last: Florin Author-Name: Elizabeth Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Title: Creating Shared Value in the Hybrid Venture Arena: A Business Model Innovation Perspective Abstract: Abstract In this paper we develop a strategy process model for hybrid ventures centered on business model innovation for shared value creation. We then validate the framework with an empirical focus on L3Cs, a new breed of hybrid ventures that occupy the middle ground between nonprofits and for-profits. With this research we contribute to business model innovation research, we extend established theoretical perspectives to the social entrepreneurship domain, and contribute to the understanding and diffusion of best practices when the strategic intent is the simultaneous creation of public and private wealth. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 165-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.614631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.614631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:165-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Curtis Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Title: ‘Newness’ in Social Entrepreneurship Discourses: The Concept of ‘Danwei’ in the Chinese Experience Abstract: Abstract It has been suggested that the concept of danwei functions as a key structural element within Chinese urban society (R. Sévigny, S. Chen, and E.Y. Chen, 2009, Personal experience of schizophrenia and the role of danwei: a case study on 1990's Beijing, Cult Med Psychiatry, 33, 86--111). However, the relevance of the danwei to social entrepreneurship in China has not yet been identified let alone fully mapped out. Instead, the discourse relating to social entrepreneurship in China has typically been driven by Anglo-American models of entrepreneurship that emphasize novelty, whilst marginalizing the more established traditions of social movements within Chinese society. This has potentially significant implications for the concept, and project, of social entrepreneurship in China. In addition, western notions of social entrepreneurship can be enriched by the consideration of ‘oriental’ categories ofthought. This paper shows how the concept of social entrepreneurship tends to ‘evolve in its specific environment’ (J. Defourny and S.-Y. Kim, 2011, Emerging models of social enterprise in Eastern Asia: a cross-country analysis, Social enterprise journal, 7 (1), 86--111) and suggests that the evolution of the discourse and meanings of social entrepreneurship is rarely politically neutral or uncontested. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 198-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.621444 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.621444 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:198-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samir Patel Author-X-Name-First: Samir Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Author-Name: Khanjan Mehta Author-X-Name-First: Khanjan Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta Title: Life's Principles as a Framework for Designing Successful Social Enterprises Abstract: Abstract Biomimicry -- design inspired by nature -- is an emerging discipline that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to address human problems. The laws of nature are embodied in Life's Principles, a framework developed by the Biomimicry Institute to inspire, inform, and benchmark the design of sustainable technology and business systems. The recent emergence of social enterprise has demonstrated the relevance of a broader view of business and entrepreneurship, and its power to address developmental inequities in the world. Social enterprises have challenged fundamental theories and concepts of design and business, while reconnecting us with nature's basic design principles and the multi-dimensionality of the human experience. This paper suggests that successful social enterprises employ Life's Principles to tackle structural, management, product design, and supply chain issues in their conceptualization, development, and scale-up stages. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 218-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2011.592407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2011.592407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:218-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: ‘The World Turned Upside Down’-super-1 Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.665633 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.665633 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Gras Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gras Author-Name: G. T. Lumpkin Author-X-Name-First: G. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lumpkin Title: Strategic Foci in Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Analysis Abstract: Abstract We investigate whether the strategies deemed important by social entrepreneurs contrast with those of commercial entrepreneurs. We hypothesize that social entrepreneurs value externally-focused strategies more highly and internally-focused strategies less compared with commercial entrepreneurs. We test our hypotheses using cross-sectional time-series analyses on five waves of Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II (PSED II) data. In support of our hypotheses, we find that strategies focused on serving missed customers, marketing/promotion, and intellectual property are deemed more important by social entrepreneurs. We further find that strategies focused on quality products and contemporary/attractive products are deemed more important by commercial entrepreneurs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 6-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.660888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.660888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:6-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margherita Scarlato Author-X-Name-First: Margherita Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlato Title: Social Enterprise and Development Policy: Evidence from Italy Abstract: Abstract This paper examines the role of social enterprise in relation to the specific features of the Italian socio-economic context. It argues that in this case it is appropriate to discuss the concept of social enterprise within the theoretical framework of human development and Amartya Sen's capability approach. The focus is thus an analysis of the evolution of social enterprises in Italy, and social co-operatives in particular, in pursuit of two aims. On the one hand, the study shows the importance of the social economy in the Italian regions with regard to the welfare system and development policies; on the other, it outlines both the positive and the disappointing aspects of policies implemented at central and local level. Finally, the conclusions indicate both the institutional dynamics that could strengthen social enterprise in Italy and the potential contribution of these enterprises to the economic and human development of the poorer southern regions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 24-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.659675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.659675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:24-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Lew Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Lew Title: The Wikinomics of Saemaul Undong Abstract: Abstract Saemaul Undong is an integrated rural development program (IRDP) that was particularly active in the 1970s in South Korea. On the one hand, the IRDP literature generally refers to Saemaul Undong as a collection of know-hows and actions accumulated through the process of trial-and-error, i.e., an IRDP that lacks a coherent theoretical framework. On the other hand, while the social innovation literature considers some initiatives as being emblematic, great success stories in rural development are rare, particularly those initiated and led by the state. In this paper, I aim to interpret Saemaul Undong in a social innovation theoretical framework, with particular attention to its scaling methods through hybridization between top-down and bottom-up strategies and through the usage of key performance indicators (KPIs). In effect, I reinterpret Saemaul Undong as an ‘open-source rural development framework,’ drawing parallels with the open-source development framework, another successful contemporary social innovation paradigm in the information and communications technology (ICT) context. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 50-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.663784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.663784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:50-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Mason Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Title: Isomorphism, Social Enterprise and the Pressure to Maximise Social Benefit Abstract: Abstract Social enterprises face extraordinary pressures, both endogenous and exogenous in nature. In light of the social and economic upheaval occurring on a global scale, these pressures are more acute than ever. This paper uses the concept of isomorphism as a starting point to explore how these organisations respond to pressure to ensure the conferment and maintenance of legitimacy. In so doing, I propose a conceptual model that utilises current work in the field and also redevelops J. Pedersen and F. Dobbin's (2006. In search of identity and legitimation: bridging organizational culture and neoinstitutionalism. American behavioral scientist, 49, 897--907) framework to categorise social enterprise isomorphism. Based on recent experiences in the United Kingdom, I propose that Government supported social enterprise initiatives (and the civil society movement in general) might make popular policy makers but is also fragile in its success. Thus, I use the applied example of social enterprise governance to illustrate the practical implications for structural similitude. Limitations to the model and directions for further empirical research are proposed to encourage further refinement to, or competing interpretations of, the model. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 74-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.665382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.665382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:74-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Whitney McWade Author-X-Name-First: Whitney Author-X-Name-Last: McWade Title: The Role for Social Enterprises and Social Investors in the Development Struggle Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews the existing development literature, arguing that the currently dominant views and proposed solutions to achieving social and economic development neglect the possible contributions the private sector, and social enterprises specifically, can make in attaining the Millennium Development Goals. Given this latent potential, it will argue that social investors have a crucial role to play by providing a greater inflow of capital into nascent and growing social enterprises in developing countries. Drawing on conclusions from a UK-based study of the social investor, the unique motivations and expectations of this investor class will be outlined. Social entrepreneurs in developed and developing country contexts can both use this information to tailor their business models and plans toward attracting the financial capital needed to grow to scale and realize the positive social externalities for which they were established. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 96-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.663783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.663783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:96-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michele-Lee Moore Author-X-Name-First: Michele-Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Author-Name: Frances R. Westley Author-X-Name-First: Frances R. Author-X-Name-Last: Westley Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: The Social Finance and Social Innovation Nexus-super-1 Abstract: Abstract Social innovation will be essential for addressing today's complex social and ecological challenges. Social entrepreneurs involved in the generation and implementation of innovative endeavours have repeatedly pointed to the critical need for financial support. However, mainstream financial institutions and practices have tended to marginalize both the social entrepreneurs and the individuals and communities who may benefit the most from a variety of social innovations, largely due to perceived risks associated with return on investment. Significant barriers and disincentives exist within current mainstream economic structures despite a growing interest and willingness of some individuals and organizations capable of channelling private capital into innovative social and environmental products or processes. This article provides a conceptual framework for bridging social innovation theory and social finance practices in order to develop an improved understanding of the conditions most conducive to the success of social finance and social innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 115-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.725824 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.725824 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:115-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nino Antadze Author-X-Name-First: Nino Author-X-Name-Last: Antadze Author-Name: Frances R. Westley Author-X-Name-First: Frances R. Author-X-Name-Last: Westley Title: Impact Metrics for Social Innovation: Barriers or Bridges to Radical Change? Abstract: Abstract Addressing society's complex problems means fundamentally challenging systems and their economic, social and environmental dimensions. Current measurement tools and evaluation approaches are grounded in conventional accounting practices, and thus tend to a focus on the outcomes of products and services, mainly evaluating economic performance. This presents a particular challenge when it comes to evaluating the impacts of social innovation, which have intended effects beyond economic and financial. This paper describes conventional measurement tools and their limitations for evaluating social impact, and proposes that developmental evaluation is more suited to evaluating social innovation. The consequences of not developing new metrics for social innovation are discussed in terms of the disadvantages for decision-making. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 133-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.726005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.726005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:133-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sean Geobey Author-X-Name-First: Sean Author-X-Name-Last: Geobey Author-Name: Frances R. Westley Author-X-Name-First: Frances R. Author-X-Name-Last: Westley Author-Name: Olaf Weber Author-X-Name-First: Olaf Author-X-Name-Last: Weber Title: Enabling Social Innovation through Developmental Social Finance Abstract: Abstract This paper explores social finance as a strategy for generating social innovations and, at the same time, financial returns. It explores why risk assessment for social finance is so challenging and suggests three sources of difficulty: setting boundaries, integrating heterogeneous values, and responding with sufficient speed and flexibility to support innovation. It suggests links between the seemingly distinct challenges of social finance being able to maximize its impact at different stages of the innovation process in a complex socio-ecological system, whilst also acting as a reframing agent in terms of the understanding of the system itself at other stages. Finally, this paper develops a new concept ‘developmental impact investing’ as a modified version of a portfolio strategy that uses a range of projects both to manage risk and to generate new knowledge about the complex systems in which the social finance attempts to create impact and innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 151-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.726006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.726006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:151-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ola Tjornbo Author-X-Name-First: Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Tjornbo Author-Name: Frances R. Westley Author-X-Name-First: Frances R. Author-X-Name-Last: Westley Title: Game Changers: The Big Green Challenge and the Role of Challenge Grants in Social Innovation Abstract: Abstract A key challenge for governments faced with increasingly limited financial resources lies in finding new ways of partnering with the not-for-profit sector to deliver innovative solutions to intractable social problems. This allows government to tap into previously inaccessible resources contained in local communities, and to harness them to produce social goods. However, it also requires that government take on a new role as a facilitator of social innovation rather than a direct actor, which poses a challenge for both theorists and practitioners. This paper is based on a qualitative investigation of the Big Green Challenge, a competition designed to stimulate community groups to generate programs to tackle climate change in their localities. It examines the role that similar challenge grants and competitions might play in stimulating social innovation and asks questions about how government can help innovations to scale up and out. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 166-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.726007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.726007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:166-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michele-Lee Moore Author-X-Name-First: Michele-Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Author-Name: Frances R. Westley Author-X-Name-First: Frances R. Author-X-Name-Last: Westley Author-Name: Tim Brodhead Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Brodhead Title: Social Finance Intermediaries and Social Innovation Abstract: Abstract This paper uses the social transitions framework to explore the ways in which foundations may partner with intermediaries to support social innovation for broad system change. It examines the efforts of a Canadian foundation to incorporate partnerships with intermediary organizations into its philanthropic investment strategy aimed at generating social innovation at three successive scales. The results demonstrate different patterns in the social innovation processes and in the foundation-intermediary relationships at each scale. These differences are explained by altered degrees of coordination and opportunities for learning, and by the types of intermediary organizations engaged at each scale. The most successful social innovation processes occurred when intermediaries had their own internal resources and when the initiative focused on transforming macro scale elements. As philanthropic funding becomes an important source of support for social innovation, these lessons are critical for those interested in ensuring that social investments build the capacity to respond effectively to societal challenges. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 184-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.726020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.726020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:184-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Quilley Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Quilley Title: System Innovation and a New ‘Great Transformation’: Re-embedding Economic Life in the Context of ‘De-Growth’ Abstract: Abstract The political-economic limits to system innovation are explored through the Polanyian concepts of disembedding and the ‘double movement’. The Keynesian Welfare State (KWS) is examined as an aspect of the ‘counter movement for societal protection’ and the outcome of selection from a much broader array of institutional and cultural responses to crisis. With the KWS, the principles of reciprocity and autarchy (the re-embedding of subsistence and provisioning activity in a modern Gemeinschaft) give way to the establishment of new, top-down circuits of redistribution, designed to facilitate continuing processes of capitalist modernization. Where social innovation is directed at the broad dynamics of marketization and the commodification of goods and services, this growth imperative continues to present an insuperable obstacle to system-level change. But as ecological capital at the level of the biosphere becomes a critical focus for a new protective ‘counter-movement’ and ‘degrowth’ becomes the de facto context for social innovation, systemic transformation becomes more thinkable. Hodgson's ‘evotopia’ is recommended as a heuristic for a provisional, experimental and incremental exploration of the ‘adjacent possible’. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 206-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.725823 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.725823 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:206-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Gras Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gras Author-Name: G.T. Lumpkin Author-X-Name-First: G.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lumpkin Title: Strategic Foci in Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Analysis Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 230-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.740207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.740207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:230-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: It's More Fun To Compute Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.780701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.780701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ross Millar Author-X-Name-First: Ross Author-X-Name-Last: Millar Author-Name: Kelly Hall Author-X-Name-First: Kelly Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Robin Miller Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: A Story of Strategic Change: Becoming a Social Enterprise in English Health and Social Care Abstract: Abstract Reform of the health and social care sector is increasingly promoting competition and choice of new service providers to stimulate growth and efficiency. In England, there has been a growing interest in social enterprise organisations as a more innovative and responsive alternative for both users and healthcare staff. The purpose of this article is to analyse how English healthcare staff responded to a policy initiative that aimed to encourage them to establish social enterprise organisations. Using a strategic change perspective, it shows how individuals leading the process made sense of becoming a social enterprise and communicated this strategic change to internal and external stakeholders. The article concludes suggesting that the success of strategic change efforts to establish social enterprise in these contexts will depend not only on the organisation's ability to implement new structures and processes but also the ability to convey this new mission and vision to the wider health and social care system. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 4-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.694371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.694371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:4-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris R. Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Chris R. Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer Author-Name: Jeffrey Gauthier Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Gauthier Title: Navigating Challenging Fitness Landscapes: Social Entrepreneurship and the Competing Dimensions of Sustainability Abstract: Abstract This paper uses the concepts of organizational fitness and fitness landscapes to examine management challenges that arise from social entrepreneurship efforts. Organizations pursuing social entrepreneurship must manage based on the need to ‘do no harm’ across all three tenets of sustainability: social equity, economic prosperity, and environmental integrity. These three tenets may be in conflict with each other, but organizations that pursue social entrepreneurship must manage with all three of them in mind across a wide range of stakeholders. Extending research on managing organizational fitness in rugged fitness landscapes, this paper argues that social entrepreneurship organizations will need to engage in substantial search processes, will face particularly difficult challenges in managing goals and initiatives, and will need to move into environmental search and adaptive modes early in their maturation process. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 23-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.725086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.725086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:23-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SOPHIE BACQ Author-X-Name-First: SOPHIE Author-X-Name-Last: BACQ Author-Name: CHANTAL HARTOG Author-X-Name-First: CHANTAL Author-X-Name-Last: HARTOG Author-Name: BRIGITTE HOOGENDOORN Author-X-Name-First: BRIGITTE Author-X-Name-Last: HOOGENDOORN Title: A Quantitative Comparison of Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding of Social Entrepreneurship Organizations in Context Abstract: Abstract This study empirically addresses the differences between social and commercial entrepreneurship by using the largest available quantitative data source, namely the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2009 survey on social entrepreneurship in Belgium and The Netherlands. We use a combination of exploratory statistical analyses and qualitative techniques to generate propositions on the organizations and initiatives that social entrepreneurs are involved in and contrast them with our understanding of commercial entrepreneurs. This study contributes to answer the call for more quantitative research and simultaneously argues that, despite the potential contribution of large-scale data, the validity and reliability of measurement instruments cannot be seen independently from their particular context. With this important observation in mind, our findings indicate a predominance of younger social organizations or initiatives that rely to a great extent on government funding, whereas earned income is limited. Furthermore, social entrepreneurs show less ambition in terms of employment growth and progression to more mature stages of the entrepreneurial process compared with commercial entrepreneurs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 40-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.758653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.758653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:40-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Teasdale Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Teasdale Author-Name: Janelle Kerlin Author-X-Name-First: Janelle Author-X-Name-Last: Kerlin Author-Name: Dennis Young Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Author-X-Name-Last: Young Author-Name: Jung In Soh Author-X-Name-First: Jung Author-X-Name-Last: In Soh Title: Oil and Water Rarely Mix: Exploring the Relative Stability of Nonprofit Revenue Mixes Over Time Abstract: Abstract This paper explores whether nonprofits are increasingly adopting mixed revenue strategies, and the sustainability of these strategies over time. We constructed a panel using NCCS data from 1998 and 2007, and divided nonprofits into three groups: Commercial, Donative, and Mixed Revenue. We found no evidence that nonprofits are increasingly adopting mixed revenue strategies. Mixed revenue strategies appeared less sustainable over time than predominately commercial or predominately donative strategies. Our results suggest that for most nonprofits, relying predominately on either commercial or donative revenue (DR) is a more stable equilibrium than attempting to achieve a balanced revenue mix. Exceptions may be those nonprofits, such as arts organizations, where there is a natural alliance between donors and customers. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 69-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.762799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.762799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:69-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anica Zeyen Author-X-Name-First: Anica Author-X-Name-Last: Zeyen Author-Name: Markus Beckmann Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Beckmann Author-Name: Susan Mueller Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller Author-Name: J. Gregory Dees Author-X-Name-First: J. Gregory Author-X-Name-Last: Dees Author-Name: Dmitry Khanin Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry Author-X-Name-Last: Khanin Author-Name: Norris Krueger Author-X-Name-First: Norris Author-X-Name-Last: Krueger Author-Name: Patrick J. Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Patrick J. Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Filipe Santos Author-X-Name-First: Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Author-Name: Mariarosa Scarlata Author-X-Name-First: Mariarosa Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlata Author-Name: Jennifer Walske Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Walske Author-Name: Andrew Zacharakis Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Zacharakis Title: Social Entrepreneurship and Broader Theories: Shedding New Light on the ‘Bigger Picture’ Abstract: Abstract This article documents the results of a research workshop bringing together six perspectives on social entrepreneurship. The idea was to challenge existing concepts of the economy, the firm, and entrepreneurship in order to shed new light on social entrepreneurship and on our existing theoretical frameworks. The first two contributions use a macro-perspective and discuss the notion of adaptive societies and the tragedies of disharmonization, respectively. Taking a management perspective, the next two focus on the limits of conventional assumptions in management theory, particularly human capital theory and resource-based view. The final two contributions follow an entrepreneurship perspective highlighting the usefulness of mobilization theory and the business model lens to social entrepreneurship. Despite this diversity, all contributions share the fact that they challenge narrow definitions of the unit of analysis in social entrepreneurship; they illustrate the aspect of social embeddedness, and they argue for an open-but-disciplined diversity of theories in social entrepreneurship research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 88-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.725422 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.725422 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:88-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: Editorial: Heroes Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 109-112 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:109-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Teasdale Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Teasdale Author-Name: F. Lyon Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Lyon Author-Name: R. Baldock Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Baldock Title: Playing with Numbers: A Methodological Critique of the Social Enterprise Growth Myth Abstract: Social enterprise is a contested concept which has become a site for policy intervention in many countries. In the UK the government has invested significant resources into social enterprise infrastructure, partly to increase the capacity of social enterprises to deliver or replace public services. Government publications show the number of social enterprises to have increased from 5,300 to 62,000 over a five-year period. This paper explores the myth of social enterprise growth in the UK through a methodological critique of the four government data sources used to construct and legitimise this myth. Particular attention is paid to how political decisions influence the construction of evidence. We find that growth is mainly attributable to political decisions to reinterpret key elements of the social enterprise definition and to include new organisational types in sampling frames. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 113-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2012.762800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2012.762800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:113-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: UĜur Uygur Author-X-Name-First: UĜur Author-X-Name-Last: Uygur Author-Name: Alexei M. Marcoux Author-X-Name-First: Alexei M. Author-X-Name-Last: Marcoux Title: The Added Complexity of Social Entrepreneurship: A Knowledge-Based Approach Abstract: Social entrepreneurship evades easy definition and conceptualization. In this paper, we attempt to advance social entrepreneurship theoretically by examining it conceptually, from a 'theory of the firm' perspective. If social entrepreneurship entails pursuit of a double bottom line (Dees, Harvard Business Review, 76 (1), 54--67, 1998), the added complexity of the social entrepreneurial venture identified by Tracey and Phillips (Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6, 264--71, 2007) should be discoverable from a 'theory of the firm' perspective. Applying the knowledge-based theory of the firm to social entrepreneurship, we aver that social entrepreneurship's added complexity is manifest when social entrepreneurial ventures make decisions about protecting their knowledge. Social entrepreneurial ventures manifest this added complexity in all three ways Tracey and Phillips identify: managing accountability, managing identity, and managing the double bottom line. In contrast to ordinary entrepreneurial ventures, social entrepreneurial ventures have to balance two incommensurable objectives when they make decisions about protection of their knowledge. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 132-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777357 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777357 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:132-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florian Forster Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Forster Author-Name: Dietmar Grichnik Author-X-Name-First: Dietmar Author-X-Name-Last: Grichnik Title: Social Entrepreneurial Intention Formation of Corporate Volunteers Abstract: The current paper aims to identify the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention formation. Applying the theory of planned behavior on an international sample of 159 entrepreneurial volunteers in a corporate framework, we find positive relationships between empathy, perceived social norms, self-efficacy, perceived collective efficacy, and social entrepreneurial intentions with mediation by perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. Overall, we contribute to the upcoming domain of social entrepreneurship research by investigating the individual and environmental antecedents of social entrepreneurial action in a corporate setting. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 153-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:153-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eli Gimmon Author-X-Name-First: Eli Author-X-Name-Last: Gimmon Author-Name: Shimon Spiro Author-X-Name-First: Shimon Author-X-Name-Last: Spiro Title: Social and Commercial Ventures: A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Abstract: This study explores common and different aspects of sustainability, in terms of survival and growth, between social and commercial ventures. The effects of nonhuman factors between a sample of social ventures and a sample of commercial ventures taken from the same environment in Israel were compared. Social ventures showed higher likelihood to survive and grow. Findings exhibit interesting similarities between the two types of entrepreneurship in regard to the significant effect of early market or community acceptance and the non-effect of early funding diversity on venture long-term sustainability. Further research is suggested to substantiate these findings and to explore other aspects of comparison between social and commercial entrepreneurship. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 182-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:182-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Othmar M. Lehner Author-X-Name-First: Othmar M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lehner Author-Name: Juha Kansikas Author-X-Name-First: Juha Author-X-Name-Last: Kansikas Title: Pre-paradigmatic Status of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Systematic Literature Review Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) research has been presented in the literature as a field of action in a pre-paradigmatic state, a field that lacks an established epistemology. Despite that impediment, several qualitative and quantitative studies have already been undertaken on the sole base of some institutions' worldview and without previous solidification of theory. Consequently, critics and social constructivists have found much ambivalence in these and owing to the resulting mess, even question SE's legitimization as a distinctive item of research. Articles on the topic of SE make use of a variety of frameworks, borrowing from neo-institutional or dialectic theory, bringing with them different research methods and views from other disciplines. Instead of proposing another conceptual approach and yet contributing to the ongoing discussion, the authors enact on a deductive journey by examining and clustering underlying paradigmatic assumptions found in a large-scale sample (>300) of current articles. In comparison to results from the management (entrepreneurship) literature, the study finds statistical evidence to the hypotheses that SE differs in researchers' paradigms, that seminal SE research transcends the foci on either detached structures or individuals, and that research in SE is often led by advocacy worldviews of the researchers themselves. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 198-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:198-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin J. Lough Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Lough Author-Name: Amanda Moore McBride Author-X-Name-First: Amanda Moore Author-X-Name-Last: McBride Title: The Influence of Solution-Focused Reflection on International Social Entrepreneurship Identification Abstract: This study tests potential pathways to social entrepreneurship by assessing the influence of solution-focused reflection among individuals who participated in international service. Using a logistic regression to analyze 245 survey responses, findings support the hypothesis that solution-focused reflection is significantly related to social entrepreneurship. This finding is consistent with the behavioral theory of social entrepreneurship opportunity and the creativity model of opportunity recognition. Implications suggest opportunities for future research on ways for institutions to structure operations to help entrepreneurs identify pathways to social action. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 220-236 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:2:p:220-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karin Berglund Author-X-Name-First: Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Berglund Author-Name: Birgitta Schwartz Author-X-Name-First: Birgitta Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartz Title: Holding on to the Anomaly of Social Entrepreneurship Dilemmas in Starting up and Running a Fair-Trade Enterprise Abstract: AbstractThe different shapes taken on by social entrepreneurship in contemporary society show that social goals are integrated by commercial enterprises and commercial goals are incorporated by organisations with a social mission. Combining a social mission with commercial goals is often presented as a 'win-win' situation. In this article, we highlight the potential tensions and conflicts created by the conflicting demands and expectations when the institutional non-profit and for-profit logics meet in social entrepreneuring. From this viewpoint, social entrepreneurship is an anomaly, which seems difficult to resolve. Despite this, we often read descriptions of social entrepreneurs as heroes, which show how social entrepreneurship is glorified and part of the marketisation of society. This article sets out to present a more complex and problematic picture of practising social entrepreneurship where the obvious 'win-win' situations more often appear as 'win-lose' and sometimes even as 'lose-lose'. From a three-year ethnographic study of an emerging fair-trade enterprise, the concept of disharmony shows that dilemmas are part of everyday life in social entrepreneuring. Instead of posing insoluble conflicts, dilemmas light the way for the individual social entrepreneur. They are managed through temporary rationalisation; finding a way to integrate conflicting demands into the life of a social entrepreneur. Disharmony includes moments of identity struggle, but is also a learning process in which the social entrepreneur tries to understand the difference between what she does and what she actually achieves. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 237-255 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.777362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.777362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:237-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ikuyo Kaneko Author-X-Name-First: Ikuyo Author-X-Name-Last: Kaneko Title: Social Entrepreneurship in Japan: A Historical Perspective on Current Trends Abstract: AbstractResearch suggests that since the 1980s, both the United States and Europe have experienced a simultaneous expansion in social entrepreneurship. In the early 2000s, a new breed of social entrepreneurship emerged in Japan. A careful reflection on the movement will reveal that there were many manifestations of social entrepreneurship in premodern Japan as well. This paper analyzes the historical perspective and the current trends in social entrepreneurship in Japan. In particular, the paper presents what we call a 'three-generation model' of the primary drivers of social entrepreneurship in Japan, and a theoretical model of innovation to answer the following questions: (i) How has Japanese social entrepreneurship been developed and who are the primary drivers in the process of development? (ii) What are the characteristics of Japanese social entrepreneurship as compared with those in the United States and Europe, and what are the social contexts generating the differences? (iii) What are the characteristics of the innovation aspect of Japanese social entrepreneurship, and why is innovation particularly important in the institutional context of Japanese society? Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 256-276 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.799085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.799085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:256-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aida Idris Author-X-Name-First: Aida Author-X-Name-Last: Idris Author-Name: Rahayu Hijrah Hati Author-X-Name-First: Rahayu Author-X-Name-Last: Hijrah Hati Title: Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesia: Lessons from the Past Abstract: AbstractThe study examined, through a balanced review of western and post-colonial literatures, the development of social entrepreneurship in Indonesia prior to its independence in 1945. Findings suggest that policies imposed by the Dutch government had a considerable influence on the growth of social movement organisations in the former colony. Furthermore, these organisations had used social entrepreneurship strategies to achieve the mission of empowering native communities and mobilising them towards independence. Other factors which contributed to the growth of social entrepreneurship in the era were the influence of Islam and Javanese aristocratic leadership. Taken in the context of Indonesia's post-colonial socio-economic environment, these findings suggest that its current social entrepreneurship growth is likely to depend on three main factors: perceived degree of economic empowerment by indigenous groups as a result of social entrepreneurship, Islamic identity of social enterprises and social activism. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 277-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:277-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica Diochon Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Diochon Title: Social Entrepreneurship and Effectiveness in Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of a Canadian First Nations Community Abstract: AbstractSocial entrepreneurship increasingly is being viewed as a way of combating poverty and marginalization, with the pursuit of an entrepreneurial strategy being conceptually linked to effectiveness. Yet, in the absence of research investigating those relationships, particularly at the community level of analysis, there is little empirical evidence to substantiate this claim. The research reported here adopts a case study approach in studying the effectiveness of a Canadian First Nations community whose purposive action to improve its well being is considered a strategic case of social entrepreneurship. While the change agents (who are members of the community) exercised considerable entrepreneurship, their endeavors did not positively impact the broader community's entrepreneurial capacity. In fact, the results suggest that the process has cultivated considerable dependency. A number of contributing factors are identified and discussed as are the implications. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 302-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:302-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Bargsted Author-X-Name-First: Mariana Author-X-Name-Last: Bargsted Author-Name: Monserrat Picon Author-X-Name-First: Monserrat Author-X-Name-Last: Picon Author-Name: Alondra Salazar Author-X-Name-First: Alondra Author-X-Name-Last: Salazar Author-Name: Yenny Rojas Author-X-Name-First: Yenny Author-X-Name-Last: Rojas Title: Psychosocial Characterization of Social Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Study Abstract: AbstractSocial entrepreneurship is a topic of growing interest that demands empirical studies on different aspects. This is an exploratory study aimed at identifying a distinctive psychosocial profile of social entrepreneurs (SE). We conducted a factorial study in which we distinguished social entrepreneurs (SE), volunteers (VOL), philanthropists (PHI), and commercial entrepreneurs (CE) in several psychosocial variables: personal values, entrepreneurship orientation (proactivity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk tendency, and control locus), social motivation, empathy orientation, and career identity. Our working hypothesis was that social entrepreneurs present a particular profile related to values of benevolence and self-direction, high entrepreneurship orientation, ability on taking perspective (empathy), a social motive similar to altruism, and career identity based on service and entrepreneurship. We found evidence to maintain our hypothesis and it was possible to characterize social entrepreneurs. The implications of these findings are discussed in this report. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 331-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:331-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ester Barinaga Author-X-Name-First: Ester Author-X-Name-Last: Barinaga Title: Politicising Social Entrepreneurship -- Three Social Entrepreneurial Rationalities Toward Social Change Abstract: AbstractScholars in the field of social entrepreneurship are challenging the researchers to produce empirical research on the social dimension of this phenomenon. Drawing on Foucault, this paper proposes the notion of 'social entrepreneurial rationality' to capture the social dimension of social entrepreneurship. The article builds on a comparative case study of three social ventures, each adopting a different rationality to bring about change in regards to the organisation of their societies along ethnicity. The first introduces micro-finance in Sweden to address long-term unemployed women of immigrant background; the second is an immigrant youth association working to promote the group's values; the third is the collective production of public art in traditional immigrant suburbs of Stockholm. Whereas the first uses an economic rationality to address ethnic inequality, the second and the third make use of discursive and community rationality, respectively. This challenges social entrepreneurship scholars to acknowledge the political mileage of social entrepreneurial rationalities toward social change. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 347-372 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.823100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.823100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:4:y:2013:i:3:p:347-372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: And in the End Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.888167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.888167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew J. Germak Author-X-Name-First: Andrew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Germak Author-Name: Jeffrey A. Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey A. Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: Exploring the Motivation of Nascent Social Entrepreneurs Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an increasingly popular practice in which business solutions are applied to social problems. While empirical study of the various facets of SE is on the rise, the motivation of social entrepreneurs -- a key antecedent of SE -- has received little attention. In contrast, substantial theoretical and empirical work exists on the motivation of commercial entrepreneurs as well as the motivation for public--social sector work. Seeking to fill a gap in the SE literature, this paper presents qualitative findings from in-person, in-depth interviews with self-identified nascent social entrepreneurs that participated in an SE training program in the USA. The findings provide an empirical foundation for further theory development and research on SE motivation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 5-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820781 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820781 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:5-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Parente Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Parente Author-Name: Alexandra Lopes Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Lopes Author-Name: Vanessa Marcos Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Marcos Title: Social Entrepreneurship Profiles: Lessons from Organizational and Management Dynamics Abstract: This paper discusses how the concept of social entrepreneurship has been applied in Portuguese Third Sector organizations. It draws on the empirical findings of a survey carried out on a sample of 89 organizations, in which data on key features of organizational dynamics were collected. Strongly rooted in mainstream European theories of social entrepreneurship, the authors propose a typology of three profiles of social entrepreneurship based on different configurations of key features of organizations, namely, models of work organization; coordination/leadership; human resources management; and funding and action planning. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 22-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:22-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abhijit Roy Author-X-Name-First: Abhijit Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Author-Name: Alan Brumagim Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Brumagim Author-Name: Irene Goll Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Goll Title: Predictors of Social Entrepreneurship Success: A Cross-national Analysis of Antecedent Factors Abstract: Even though the practice of social entrepreneurship has a long history, the field has only begun to gain academic attention in the past few decades. However, most of the literature to date focuses on theoretical and conceptual issues, and there continues to be a paucity of empirical work in this discipline. Using the number of social entrepreneurs in a country as a proxy for prevalence of the phenomenon is a strong predictor -- the validity of the results was confirmed using two reputable databases of social entrepreneurs, i.e., the Ashoka and Schwab Foundations. Furthermore, the components of national-level attitudes for general entrepreneurship, i.e., perceived opportunity, no fear of failing, and aspirations of new technology, were found to be positively correlated with social entrepreneurship at the country level. Yet, national-level attitudes for networking and opportunities for start-ups, generally correlated with general entrepreneurship, were negatively correlated with social entrepreneurship. We also discuss the implications of our findings and discuss their consequences as well as suggestions for future research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 42-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.820783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.820783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:42-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Gidron Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Gidron Title: Market-Oriented Social Enterprises Employing People with Disabilities: A Participants' Perspective Abstract: The paper focuses on the participants' perspective of social enterprises, particularly those providing employment for a variety of handicapped populations. It argues that when dealing with such populations with the goal of integrating them into society, contrary to present policy and practice, a market orientation of the organizations employing them, provides, under certain circumstances and with certain populations, advantages and opportunities not awarded in nonprofits or public agencies. It bases the argument on two conceptual frameworks: (1) the social model of dealing with disabilities and (2) the strength-based practice in social work. When translated into the realm of work, both of these suggest that handicapped persons have capabilities to contribute to the economy, to society as well as to themselves, provided they are granted appropriate opportunities to do so. A market-oriented social enterprise framework, designed on the basis of the concept of 'shared value', can potentially provide such opportunities. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 60-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.829116 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.829116 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:60-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward N. Gamble Author-X-Name-First: Edward N. Author-X-Name-Last: Gamble Author-Name: Peter W. Moroz Author-X-Name-First: Peter W. Author-X-Name-Last: Moroz Title: Unpacking Not-for-profit Performance Abstract: Little is known about the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance within not-for-profit (NFP) organizations. Through the development of a conceptual framework for understanding how EO may function within an NFP context, we propose three separate interaction effect models to examine organizational performance outcomes as measured in terms of high growth. Four conceptualizations of high growth are offered. Based on a theoretical consideration of social capital and financial accounting theory, we propose that NFP executives who possess a combination of EO and two other key factors, a social mission orientation and financial sustainability orientation, will be a strong predictor of high-growth organizational performance. The model thus builds upon previous research that explores the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior, market orientation and performance by distinguishing between market and non-market stakeholders and the need to balance between both when pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 77-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.834457 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.834457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:77-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Pablo Román Author-X-Name-First: Juan Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Román Author-Name: Adalgisa Battistelli Author-X-Name-First: Adalgisa Author-X-Name-Last: Battistelli Author-Name: Carlo Odoardi Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Author-X-Name-Last: Odoardi Title: Organizational Respect as Mediator Between the Ideological Psychological Contract and Workers' Job Satisfaction: Empirical Findings from the Social Enterprise Sector Abstract: Corporate scandals, financial crises, and/or management decisions driven exclusively by shareholders' interests have led to massive layouts. For-profit organizations and employment relationships based on transactional exchanges have been losing credibility. Hence, non-profit organizations, social enterprises, and ideologically driven work contracts are calling the attention of researchers from different disciplines. This paper presents an empirical research on the psychological ideological contents of the employee--employer relationship. The study was conducted in 19 organizations pertaining to the social enterprise sector. Using an exploratory structural equation modeling, the ideological components of the psychological contract and some of its behavioral and attitudinal consequences were explored. The findings suggest that, within social enterprises, the ideological components of the employee--employer relationship have a positive influence on both perceptions of respect and job satisfaction. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, as well as directions for future research on psychological contracts in the social enterprise sector, are presented. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 107-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.851728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.851728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:1:p:107-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronny Baierl Author-X-Name-First: Ronny Author-X-Name-Last: Baierl Author-Name: Dietmar Grichnik Author-X-Name-First: Dietmar Author-X-Name-Last: Grichnik Author-Name: Matthias Spörrle Author-X-Name-First: Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Spörrle Author-Name: Isabell M. Welpe Author-X-Name-First: Isabell M. Author-X-Name-Last: Welpe Title: Antecedents of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Role of an Individual's General Social Appraisal Abstract: This study addresses antecedents of social entrepreneurial intentions. First, this study argues that an individual's appraisal to become a social entrepreneur is an important predictor of social entrepreneurial intention. Second, this study hypothesizes that this general social appraisal moderates the influences of two opportunity characteristics on social entrepreneurial intention. In line with our main argument, the results of our empirical experiment show a positive influence of general social appraisal. In addition, this appraisal weakens the influence of perceived probability of success and strengthens the influence of perceived social impact on social entrepreneurial intention. This study concludes with a discussion of the important role of an individual's general social appraisal in research and practice. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 123-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.871324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.871324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:123-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoffrey Desa Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Desa Author-Name: James L. Koch Author-X-Name-First: James L. Author-X-Name-Last: Koch Title: Scaling Social Impact: Building Sustainable Social Ventures at the Base-of-the-Pyramid Abstract: This paper examines the process through which ventures scale their social impact in base-of-the-pyramid communities. A careful review of extant literature reveals two distinct modes of scaling social impact - breadth and depth scale. Drawing on a longitudinal study of Naandi and Drishtee - two exemplary social ventures in rural India - it is suggested that the depth and breadth scale develop through different processes. Each venture dynamically balances a minimum critical specification of social innovation, affordability, and market penetration while scaling social impact. We chart this path to scale in the two social ventures, and find that the relationship between minimum critical specifications and social impact is mediated by contrasting approaches to resource mobilization, operating routines, and entrepreneurial adjustment. The findings suggest that the process of scaling social impact can be characterized by a punctuated equilibrium model of system change. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 146-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2013.871325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2013.871325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:146-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Di Zhang Author-X-Name-First: David Di Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Lee A. Swanson Author-X-Name-First: Lee A. Author-X-Name-Last: Swanson Title: Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Abstract: The authors review the current research in social entrepreneurship and sustainability, and propose a process model to link these two constructs. Social entrepreneurship, as a business philosophy, moves beyond social, economic, and environmental efficiency and shifts toward effectiveness, thereby contributing to business sustainability. External and internal factors that influence social entrepreneurship are also examined. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 175-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.880503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.880503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:175-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamie Newth Author-X-Name-First: Jamie Author-X-Name-Last: Newth Author-Name: Christine Woods Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Woods Title: Resistance to Social Entrepreneurship: How Context Shapes Innovation Abstract: Social entrepreneurship emerges from social and historical contexts. These contexts also bring the institutional norms, routines, and conventions that challenge and constrain innovation processes. This article contributes to the emerging theoretical discourse of social entrepreneurship by explicating the Schumpeterian notion of resistance. It discusses the context-dependent manifestation of opportunity in, and resistance to, social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship opportunities are the constructed outcomes of entrepreneurial alertness and motivation, and the organizational, societal, institutional, and market contexts in which the entrepreneur is embedded. Likewise, these contextual forces resist and refine social innovations such that they become the products of the financial, social, cultural, and political expectations of stakeholders of social entrepreneurship ventures. A deeper understanding of how context shapes social innovation will give scholars and practitioners a greater appreciation for the ways in which innovations can succeed because of resistance, not in spite of it. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 192-213 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.889739 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.889739 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:192-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frédéric Dufays Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric Author-X-Name-Last: Dufays Author-Name: Benjamin Huybrechts Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Huybrechts Title: Connecting the Dots for Social Value: A Review on Social Networks and Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: The emergence of social entrepreneurship has been explained at the macro-level (socioeconomic drivers), at the meso-level (concepts such as opportunity), and at the micro-level (motivations and intentions of social entrepreneurs). In this conceptual article, it is argued that the sociology of social networks may contribute to explain how and why social entrepreneurship arises by bridging micro- and macro-levels of analysis. Four different usages of the social network concept in the social entrepreneurship literature are identified: embeddedness of social entrepreneurship, collective social entrepreneurship, networking as a critical skill or activity of social entrepreneurship, and finally networking and the creation of social capital as a goal of social entrepreneurship. Theoretical frameworks explaining the emergence of conventional entrepreneurship with a social network lens are identified. These are evaluated with regard to social entrepreneurship and translated into a set of research proposals to be explored in order to strengthen our understanding of social entrepreneurship emergence. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 214-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.918052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.918052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:214-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott L. Newbert Author-X-Name-First: Scott L. Author-X-Name-Last: Newbert Title: Building Theory in Social Entrepreneurship Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 239-242 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.948748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.948748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:3:p:239-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott L. Newbert Author-X-Name-First: Scott L. Author-X-Name-Last: Newbert Author-Name: Ronald Paul Hill Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: Setting the Stage for Paradigm Development: A 'Small-Tent' Approach to Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a field of considerable interest over the past two decades. Unfortunately, its rapid growth has come at the expense of a unified definition of this construct. In response, Dacin et al., Nicholls, and Santos recently proposed how efforts at theorizing might take shape and stimulate more robust scholarship in this area. This paper seeks to advance their work by advocating for a new definition of this construct that differentiates activity that creates real value for society in an entrepreneurial manner from that which does not. Finally, the paper concludes by addressing how understanding the construct in this light informs management theory. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 243-269 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.889738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.889738 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:3:p:243-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophie Bacq Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Bacq Author-Name: G.T. Lumpkin Author-X-Name-First: G.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lumpkin Title: Can Social Entrepreneurship Researchers Learn from Family Business Scholarship? A Theory-Based Future Research Agenda Abstract: Searching for a balance between social mission and financial viability is a distinguishing feature of social business ventures. This quest might lead to complex challenges and conundrums, similar to those that arise in family businesses composed of closely intertwined systems of 'family' and 'business'. Therefore, we question whether drawing on family business scholarship can help social entrepreneurship researchers move the field forward. Relying on a systems model, we conceptually frame three organizational challenges of social business venture management that can be addressed by insights from the family business literature: aligning multiple stakeholders, achieving competitive advantages and enacting sustainable solutions. To analyse these, we turn to three main theories drawn from family business research - organizational identity theory, resource-based view and stewardship theory. As a result, we formulate research questions relevant for future social entrepreneurship research. By doing so, we hope to offer social entrepreneurship scholars some guiding principles that are grounded on the experience of researchers who have analysed similar circumstances and challenges in other contexts. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 270-294 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.939693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.939693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:3:p:270-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brett Smith Author-X-Name-First: Brett Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Moriah Meyskens Author-X-Name-First: Moriah Author-X-Name-Last: Meyskens Author-Name: Fiona Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: Should We Stay or Should We Go? 'Organizational' Relational Identity and Identification in Social Venture Strategic Alliances Abstract: In tackling some of society's most intractable problems, social ventures often engage in strategic alliances to overcome resource constraints and scale their solutions. While considerable research has focused on why strategic alliances are created, less attention has been focused on how they form and why they may (not) persist. Building on an identity-based perspective, this paper develops a theoretical model of strategic alliance development and change by explaining how, and with what results, leaders of social ventures influence the development of organizational identities within their own organizations and strategic alliance partner organizations. The model presented in this paper contributes to the identity literature by developing a cross-level model that explains how individual identities can facilitate the development of organizational identities and by extending the individual-level construct of relational identity to the organizational level by introducing the constructs of 'organizational' relational identity and identification. The model contributes to the social entrepreneurship and strategy literatures by suggesting that identity explanations may inform how strategic alliances are formed and why they may (not) persist. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 295-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.927389 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.927389 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:3:p:295-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Cristina O. Siqueira Author-X-Name-First: Ana Cristina O. Author-X-Name-Last: Siqueira Author-Name: Sandra R. H. Mariano Author-X-Name-First: Sandra R. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mariano Author-Name: Joysi Moraes Author-X-Name-First: Joysi Author-X-Name-Last: Moraes Title: Supporting Innovation Ecosystems with Microfinance: Evidence from Brazil and Implications for Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Considering a social enterprise's relationships with complementors, suppliers, and customers within the broader context of an innovation ecosystem can help advance theory in the field of social entrepreneurship. Our qualitative study examines microfinance organizations in bottom-of-the-pyramid communities in Brazil. Our findings indicate that interactive relationships with complementors, suppliers, and customers can improve the microfinance organization's ability to support commercial transactions, manage financial capital, and educate customers, thereby improving its ability to facilitate economic development. These findings extend the literature on innovation ecosystems, microfinance, and social entrepreneurship. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 318-338 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.927388 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.927388 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:5:y:2014:i:3:p:318-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dimitris Christopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Christopoulos Author-Name: Susanne Vogl Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: Vogl Title: The Motivation of Social Entrepreneurs: The Roles, Agendas and Relations of Altruistic Economic Actors Abstract: Social entrepreneurs present a contradiction if one accepts that economic motivation is premised on personal gain alone. The economic activity of social entrepreneurs is presumed altruistic, their actions intending to primarily benefit others. The theoretical and actual motivations, social networks and values of these actors are compared in this article. A series of semi-structured interviews of prominent social entrepreneurs in the west of England form the basis of analysis. Subjects were selected through a nomination-referral technique that allows targeting for interview those who are considered prominent in the sector within the chosen location. Two types of analysis are attempted: a narrative exploration of their motivations and a semantic networks analysis of their statements. There is evidence of a conceptual association between those actors' success, entrepreneurship, motivation and social relations that indicate profitable avenues for future research. Some policy recommendations are offered in the conclusion. The multiple roles of social entrepreneurs and the multiple audiences they address indicate multidimensional agency. The development of the sector depends on comprehending conflict inherent in their multiple agendas. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:1-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yung-kai Yang Author-X-Name-First: Yung-kai Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Shu-ling Wu Author-X-Name-First: Shu-ling Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Title: An Exploratory Study to Understand the Internationalization Strategies of Social Enterprises Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the internationalization behaviour of for-profit and not-for-profit social enterprises. The paper argues that the process of internationalization has at least three aspects, namely operational modes, product preferences, and expansion strategies. Two organizations, Motherhouse and World Bicycle Relief, are used as examples. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 31-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954255 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:31-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Lanteri Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Lanteri Title: The Creation of Social Enterprises: Some Lessons from Lebanon Abstract: The article presents a field study of seven social enterprises operating in Lebanon, looking back at the process of their creation. The results are discussed against the growing body of literature on nascent social entrepreneurship. The study proposes a theoretical refinement of the notion of social bricoleur to include the activist/entrepreneur distinction and the issue/value type of opportunity identified and it supports seven general conclusions on social entrepreneurship at large, as well as some implications for practice and for future research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 42-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954256 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:42-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mavhungu Abel Mafukata Author-X-Name-First: Mavhungu Abel Author-X-Name-Last: Mafukata Author-Name: Willie Dhlandhlara Author-X-Name-First: Willie Author-X-Name-Last: Dhlandhlara Author-Name: Grace Kancheya Author-X-Name-First: Grace Author-X-Name-Last: Kancheya Title: Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting Social Capital Development, Continuity and Sustainability Among Microfinance Adopting Households in Nyanga, Zimbabwe Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic factors affecting social capital development, continuity and sustainability among microfinance adopting households in Nyanga, Zimbabwe. The specific objective was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of the microfinance adopters. One hundred and forty-six respondents were purposely and randomly selected for questionnaire-based conducted interviews among members of the Kufusa Mari microfinance programme. The data were captured into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed through an SPSS program. The results were determined through a perception-based approach. Respondents were asked to identify the factors that would have impacted on their membership in the group. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were older married Shona-speaking women who had attained secondary education, followed by those with primary and tertiary education. Ethnic identity, marital status, ownership of assets, social status in the community, political affiliation and religiosity would have major impact on social capital. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 70-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:70-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard K. Blundel Author-X-Name-First: Richard K. Author-X-Name-Last: Blundel Author-Name: Fergus Lyon Author-X-Name-First: Fergus Author-X-Name-Last: Lyon Title: Towards a 'Long View': Historical Perspectives on the Scaling and Replication of Social Ventures Abstract: Social ventures are now widely regarded as playing an essential role in addressing persistent and pervasive societal challenges. This insight has prompted an active search for readily scaleable and replicable business models. However, relatively little consideration has been given to the longer term growth and performance of these hybrid organizational forms. This paper examines how historically informed research might enhance our understanding of growth processes. It considers the conceptualization of organizational growth in social ventures and the relevance of prevailing constructs. The explanatory potential of 'long-view' approaches is examined by applying three constructs (opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial adjustment and institutional structure) in a comparative historical analysis of two British social ventures. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 80-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:80-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wee-Liang Tan Author-X-Name-First: Wee-Liang Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Author-Name: So-Jin Yoo Author-X-Name-First: So-Jin Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo Title: Social Entrepreneurship Intentions of Nonprofit Organizations Abstract: Little is known about social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations (NPOs), especially about the factors that influence social entrepreneurship intentions at organizational level. Would existing NPOs, as opposed to new ones formed to embark on new social initiatives, strike out into a new territory, or engage in new ventures? What are the necessary internal organizational conditions? This study explores the direct effect of the organizational attributes on a NPO's intention to start a social enterprise. With a sample of 92 charities in Singapore, we found that NPOs led by CEOs with commercial experience, and NPOs possessing high collective efficacy and organization innovativeness were more likely to start a social enterprise. A NPO's social cause (mission) was also found to have a positive effect on its social entrepreneurship intention. Contrary to our expectations, resource availability and risk-taking propensity of the NPOs were not related to social entrepreneurship intentions. Findings and implications were discussed, and future research directions were provided. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 103-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:103-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne De Bruin Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: De Bruin Author-Name: Kate V. Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Kate V. Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Title: Traversing the Terrain of Context in Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: The terrain of context in social entrepreneurship is not uniform. It is complex and has a variety of contours. This article provides an original typological conceptual framework to advance a deeper understanding of how the different contours of context can shape and also be shaped by the enactment of the processes of social entrepreneurship. It draws on the collection of articles in the special issue to illuminate the framework and describes four distinct roles that context can play in relation to the enactment of social entrepreneurship. It also uses the framework to springboard discussion on a future research agenda. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 127-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1038005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1038005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:127-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colette Henry Author-X-Name-First: Colette Author-X-Name-Last: Henry Title: Doing Well by Doing Good: Opportunity Recognition and the Social Enterprise Partnership Abstract: This paper contributes to social enterprise theory by furthering understanding of the process of opportunity recognition within partnership settings. Using opportunity recognition as the central construct, and drawing on case study evidence, the paper explores a social enterprise partnership (SEP) in an effort to uncover the drivers for its creation, identify factors influencing its success, and highlight its social value. Findings reveal that the nature of the opportunity exploited, alongside recognition of its mutual problem-solving potential led to the partnership's success. It is suggested that a SEP of this nature can be of particular value in economically deprived areas where resources are constrained and collaborative approaches are critical. A framework for analysing opportunity recognition and exploitation in SEP contexts is proposed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 137-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.997780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.997780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:137-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katerina Nicolopoulou Author-X-Name-First: Katerina Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolopoulou Author-Name: Iain Lucas Author-X-Name-First: Iain Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas Author-Name: Ahu Tatli Author-X-Name-First: Ahu Author-X-Name-Last: Tatli Author-Name: Mine Karatas-Ozkan Author-X-Name-First: Mine Author-X-Name-Last: Karatas-Ozkan Author-Name: Laura A. Costanzo Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: A. Costanzo Author-Name: Mustafa Özbilgin Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Author-X-Name-Last: Özbilgin Author-Name: Graham Manville Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Manville Title: Questioning the Legitimacy of Social Enterprises through Gramscian and Bourdieusian Perspectives: The Case of British Social Enterprises Abstract: Drawing on data from six social enterprises in the UK, this paper demonstrates that social enterprises negotiate their legitimacy borrowing from the state, the corporation and the service logics. The paper illustrates the existential crises of legitimacy as experienced in the social enterprise sector. The utility of a principled ethical approach is discussed as a way forward. The paper also outlines challenges that social enterprises face when adopting an ethical approach. Theoretical tools of Gramsci and Bourdieu are mobilized in the paper in order to render visible the often implicit and questioned structures of hegemonic power that shape the habitus of legitimacy in social enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 161-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.961095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.961095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:161-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauren Smith Author-X-Name-First: Lauren Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Christine Woods Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Woods Title: Stakeholder Engagement in the Social Entrepreneurship Process: Identity, Governance and Legitimacy Abstract: This paper explores how stakeholder expectations are managed through the social entrepreneurship process of opportunity construction, evaluation and pursuit. Building on an in-depth case study, a model of stakeholder engagement through identity, governance and legitimacy is presented. Stakeholders are managed by an identity constructed through an integration of the organization's multiple identities to form a meta-identity. Governance is important in the management of stakeholders in order to be entrepreneurial while being accountable. Stakeholders support the organization based on legitimacy that is gained through creating stakeholder value and by conforming to existing social structures as well as creating new operating models, practices and ideas. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 186-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.987802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.987802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:186-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sothy Khieng Author-X-Name-First: Sothy Author-X-Name-Last: Khieng Author-Name: Heidi Dahles Author-X-Name-First: Heidi Author-X-Name-Last: Dahles Title: Commercialization in the Non-Profit Sector: The Emergence of Social Enterprise in Cambodia Abstract: The increasing commercialization among non-profit organizations is shifting financial dependence from charitable donations to self-generated earned income through social entrepreneurial ventures. Little is known about the consequences of this shift. There is a lack of literature discussing how ventures into social entrepreneurship by non-profit organizations evolve and what effects they have on multiple dimensions of these organizations. To address this gap, the aim of this paper is to describe and analyse processes of commercialization of non-profit sector organizations and their effects on social-entrepreneurial NGOs in Cambodia. The data used in this study is based on a large-scale quantitative survey and qualitative key informant interviews with NGO leaders and administrators of NGOs in five regions across Cambodia. The authors found that the struggle for social and financial sustainability is one of the major motivations for organizations engaging in commercial ventures. Commercialization has transformative effects on the goals, motives, methods, income distribution, and governance component of NGOs in the sample. At the same time, however, commercialization tends to sideline the social mission of NGOs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 218-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:218-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Mueller Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller Author-Name: Robert S. D'Intino Author-X-Name-First: Robert S. Author-X-Name-Last: D'Intino Author-Name: Jennifer Walske Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Walske Author-Name: Michel L. Ehrenhard Author-X-Name-First: Michel L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ehrenhard Author-Name: Scott L. Newbert Author-X-Name-First: Scott L. Author-X-Name-Last: Newbert Author-Name: Jeffrey A. Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey A. Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Author-Name: Jason C. Senjem Author-X-Name-First: Jason C. Author-X-Name-Last: Senjem Title: What's Holding Back Social Entrepreneurship? Removing the Impediments to Theoretical Advancement Abstract: This article summarizes four contributions that were presented in a professional development workshop at the 2013 Academy of Management conference. The goal of the workshop was to discuss impediments to the theoretical advancement of social entrepreneurship. This paper's first two contributors discuss assumptions and boundaries of social entrepreneurship, exhibiting contrasting views of whether theory should be aggregated or disaggregated. The other two scholars focus on specific topics that advance social entrepreneurship research, specifically, studying the implicit normative underpinning of social entrepreneurship and social innovation processes. This is part three of a three-part series dealing with the future of social entrepreneurship research and theory. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 245-256 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.954259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:245-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Youngkeun Choi Author-X-Name-First: Youngkeun Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Title: How Partnerships Affect the Social Performance of Korean Social Enterprises Abstract: Social enterprises receive a lot of attention, because of their ability to balance social service-enhancing and profit-making activities. They can survive and have financial sustainability in markets and provide social services that would otherwise not be provided due to the failure of private or government provision. In the Korean context, social enterprises have another function - to provide jobs and increase employment rates in times of low economic growth and growing inequality. Given this situation, it is useful for researchers to investigate what types of partners provide particular sorts of resources to social enterprises and what types of resources from such partners may have mediating effects on the relationship between partnerships and the social performance of social enterprises. First, this research shows that all partners of social enterprises provide financial support and public and social partners provide marketing support, while private partners do not provide marketing support. However, no partners provide any managerial support. Second, public and social partners are helpful for the social performance of social enterprises but their financial support influences the social performance of social enterprises negatively. Private partners and their financial support also influence the social performance of social enterprises negatively. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 257-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.965723 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.965723 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:257-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel T. Kodzi Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel T. Author-X-Name-Last: Kodzi Title: The Clash of Missions: Juxtaposing Competing Pressures in South Africa's Social Enterprises Abstract: Social enterprises seek resource combinations to provide some assurance of sustainability as they create social value in a defined domain of action. However, this resource-seeking mandate also constitutes a distraction that complicates the operations of any social enterprise. How do social enterprises manage the implicit duality of maintaining a commercial mission in order to achieve their social mission? Using the context of South Africa, this study examines the process trade-offs that enhance or limit social impact under the referenced duality. The study clarifies the nature of these trade-offs, as a basis for appropriating efficiency-enhancing process design in enterprises that create, but do not capture value. The author proposes a unique intersection between the logic of control and the logic of empowerment in the field of social entrepreneurship, and suggests that value chain processes be controlled to the extent that the enterprise acts as a custodian of community empowerment for its target beneficiaries. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 278-298 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.981844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.981844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:278-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fredrik O. Andersson Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik O. Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson Author-Name: Michael Ford Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Ford Title: Reframing Social Entrepreneurship Impact: Productive, Unproductive and Destructive Outputs and Outcomes of the Milwaukee School Voucher Programme Abstract: This paper initially seeks to problematize the common assumption that all social entrepreneurship impact is positive. No matter what social entrepreneurs and other powerful intermediaries subjectively believe or hope, assuming that social entrepreneurship is always productive a priori imposes significant limits on this budding field. In order to overcome this bias it is necessary to reframe how we approach and assess social entrepreneurship impact. Drawing from the economic entrepreneurship literature, this paper outlines a multi-dimensional framework to serve as a useful and preferable starting point for assessing social entrepreneurship. We then make use of this multi-dimensional lens to look closer at the impact of one case of social entrepreneurship, the school voucher programme in Milwaukee. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 299-319 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.981845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.981845 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:299-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Easter Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Easter Author-Name: Mary Conway Dato-On Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Conway Dato-On Title: Bridging Ties Across Contexts to Scale Social Value: The Case of a Vietnamese Social Enterprise Abstract: Social enterprises that seek to operate across multiple contexts to achieve desired outcomes require substantial reliance upon social capital. This study examines social capital within a social enterprise by addressing how complex institutional and cultural contexts contribute to unique development and leverage of social capital in such organizations. Based upon a one-year ethnographic study involving a Vietnamese social enterprise, the research provides a nuanced perspective of the focal social enterprise and the social capital tensions it encountered in operating across multiple contexts to meet social goals. It also offers a theoretical model detailing the key organizational strategies and associated internal dynamics utilized by social enterprises that will affect their potential to effectively navigate social ties across national and cultural borders. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 320-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1049284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1049284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:320-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarrod Ormiston Author-X-Name-First: Jarrod Author-X-Name-Last: Ormiston Author-Name: Kylie Charlton Author-X-Name-First: Kylie Author-X-Name-Last: Charlton Author-Name: M. Scott Donald Author-X-Name-First: M. Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Donald Author-Name: Richard G. Seymour Author-X-Name-First: Richard G. Author-X-Name-Last: Seymour Title: Overcoming the Challenges of Impact Investing: Insights from Leading Investors Abstract: Interest and activity around impact investment have increased significantly in recent years as businesses, governments and communities seek new solutions to enable an inclusive and sustainable society in the face of social and environmental challenges. Philanthropists, charitable foundations and institutional investors have been among the early adopters in implementing impact investment strategies and developing the field. Despite the initial enthusiasm for impact investment, many investors raise concerns as they begin to explore the practicalities of impact investing. This paper responds to these concerns by providing empirical insights on how leading institutional investors and charitable foundations have begun to develop impact investment strategies and overcome various trepidations. The findings reveal four main themes: a focus on financial-first investments; the importance of using established due-diligence processes; the opportunity to align mission and values; and, the value of networks and collaboration. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 352-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1049285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1049285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:352-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bengo Irene Author-X-Name-First: Bengo Author-X-Name-Last: Irene Author-Name: Arena Marika Author-X-Name-First: Arena Author-X-Name-Last: Marika Author-Name: Azzone Giovanni Author-X-Name-First: Azzone Author-X-Name-Last: Giovanni Author-Name: Calderini Mario Author-X-Name-First: Calderini Author-X-Name-Last: Mario Title: Indicators and metrics for social business: a review of current approaches Abstract: This paper aims to perform a review of different accounting frameworks, including indicators and metrics applicable to the social business sector, discussing the strengths and the weaknesses of different approaches in relationship to their ability to respond to objectives and interests of different stakeholders in the social business ecosystem. Then, the paper discusses the key role that indicators and metrics could play in the light of the transformations that the social business sector is witnessing, such as the emergence of new financial supply chains and the entrance of new relevant players. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1049286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1049286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:1-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lowell W. Busenitz Author-X-Name-First: Lowell W. Author-X-Name-Last: Busenitz Author-Name: Mark P. Sharfman Author-X-Name-First: Mark P. Author-X-Name-Last: Sharfman Author-Name: David M. Townsend Author-X-Name-First: David M. Author-X-Name-Last: Townsend Author-Name: Jason A. Harkins Author-X-Name-First: Jason A. Author-X-Name-Last: Harkins Title: The Emergence of Dual-Identity Social Entrepreneurship: Its Boundaries and Limitations Abstract: This paper delineates the conceptual domain of dual-identity social entrepreneurship (DISE) and grounds its components theoretically. DISE entails the creation of ventures whose business model is designed by individual founders to create demonstrable and continued public value from strategic actions while simultaneously creating continued economic value. Because the growing interest in social entrepreneurship spans academic areas, boundaries are established among DISE and four related areas: i.e. conventional entrepreneurship, non-governmental organizations which engage in economic transactions, individual social activism, and corporate social performance. This paper proposes key research questions, discusses the conceptualization's theoretical implications and provides a research agenda. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 25-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.987801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.987801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:25-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tuukka Toivonen Author-X-Name-First: Tuukka Author-X-Name-Last: Toivonen Title: What is the Social Innovation Community? Conceptualizing an Emergent Collaborative Organization Abstract: Although social innovation is stimulating tremendous interest among scholars and policy-makers, its emergent catalysts are insufficiently understood. This paper thus identifies and explores a relevant collaborative organization, the social innovation community (SIC). Found in cosmopolitan cities, SICs are held together by recognizable shared cultures and online/offline spaces. This account sets out a basic categorization of SICs, profiles their salient features, and offers an original definition. SICs support early-stage social entrepreneurship but may also help to introduce social innovation into new cultural settings, re-programme wider innovation circuits, and promote productive collaboration amid diversity. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 49-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.997779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.997779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:49-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erin Chmelik Author-X-Name-First: Erin Author-X-Name-Last: Chmelik Author-Name: Martina Musteen Author-X-Name-First: Martina Author-X-Name-Last: Musteen Author-Name: Mujtaba Ahsan Author-X-Name-First: Mujtaba Author-X-Name-Last: Ahsan Title: Measures of Performance in the Context of International Social Ventures: An Exploratory Study Abstract: This study reviews literature on performance measures among international social ventures and draws interviews with 12 US social ventures to explore how the use of such measures varies depending on the type of social venture, its funding business model, and scale of operations. We find some distinct differences in the use of performance measures among the different types of social enterprises related to the focus on stakeholders, emphasis on inputs, outputs, and outcomes. Implications for theory and practice of social entrepreneurship are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 74-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.997781 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2014.997781 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:74-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karla I. Mendoza-Abarca Author-X-Name-First: Karla I. Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza-Abarca Author-Name: Hillary N. Mellema Author-X-Name-First: Hillary N. Author-X-Name-Last: Mellema Title: Aligning economic and social value creation through pay-what-you-want pricing Abstract: The main objective of social ventures is the creation of social value. However, these organizations must also generate and appropriate economic value to fund their social value-creating activities. Mechanisms that enable the alignment of these seemingly contradicting goals are necessary. The authors propose that a participative pricing mechanism known as pay-what-you-want (PWYW) is capable of aligning a venture's economic and social value creation goals. This mechanism allows customers to determine the price they are willing and able to pay. The authors explain that this mechanism enables social ventures to generate social value through their commercial activities by serving more beneficiaries in need, reducing the stigma of receiving help, allowing non-disadvantaged customers to show support for the social venture, and aligning commercial activities with the social mission, all while ensuring that sufficient economic value is captured to sustain operations. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 101-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1015437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1015437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:101-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Scheuerle Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Scheuerle Author-Name: Bjoern Schmitz Author-X-Name-First: Bjoern Author-X-Name-Last: Schmitz Title: Inhibiting Factors of Scaling up the Impact of Social Entrepreneurial Organizations -- A Comprehensive Framework and Empirical Results for Germany Abstract: This paper proposes an analytical framework for understanding the inhibiting factors in scaling the social impact of social entrepreneurial organizations (SEOs). The framework distinguishes the relevant actors on different levels (leaders, organization, ecosystem) and suggests (pre)conditions from their perspectives (willingness, ability, admission) that are crucial for scaling processes. It further argues that those (pre)conditions are determined by three social forces (cognitive frames, social networks, and institutions) as proposed by Beckert (2010) in his social grid model. The framework is applied and tested by empirically analysing current inhibiting factors for scaling SEOs' impact in Germany, a state with a highly regulated social welfare field. The empirical analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with 16 German SEOs, being mainly young and small pioneer organizations. It identifies a wide range of inhibiting factors, showing that the German welfare system imposes specific barriers for scaling innovative ideas of smaller SEOs. The findings are discussed against previous research conducted in English-speaking institutional contexts and set out implications and suggestions for further research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 127-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1086409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1086409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:127-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marine Wulleman Author-X-Name-First: Marine Author-X-Name-Last: Wulleman Author-Name: Marek Hudon Author-X-Name-First: Marek Author-X-Name-Last: Hudon Title: Models of Social Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from Mexico Abstract: This paper seeks to improve the understanding of social entrepreneurship models based on empirical evidence from Mexico, where social entrepreneurship is currently booming. It aims to supplement existing typologies of social entrepreneurship models. To that end, building on typology it begins by providing a new framework classifying the three types of social entrepreneurship. A comparative case study of 10 Mexican social enterprises is then elaborated using that framework. Findings suggest that these distinct typologies are evolving in a dynamic manner determined by the resources and ambitions of social entrepreneurs. Starting either as social bricoleurs or as social constructionists, social entrepreneurs aspire to become social engineers. Moreover, social constructionists usually present hybrid business models. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 162-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1057207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1057207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:162-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Gordon Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon Title: How Social Enterprises Change: The Perspective of the Evolution of Technology Abstract: A novel account of social enterprises is presented by explaining that they are technologies. This perspective leads to an understanding that social enterprises evolve in two different ways. First, individual social enterprises are subject to a non-Darwinian, ‘combinatorial’ evolution. This helps explain how social enterprises change incrementally, how they get stuck, and how they then must look to new, inventive principles to advance. Second, social enterprises evolve as a domain, which is a set of tools, practices, and activities underlying a discipline. This second form of evolution propels the entire field forward. Finally, an explanation is given for how one technology domain ‘encounters’ another, bringing about changes to them both. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 189-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2015.1086410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2015.1086410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:189-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stela Valchovska Author-X-Name-First: Stela Author-X-Name-Last: Valchovska Author-Name: Gerald Watts Author-X-Name-First: Gerald Author-X-Name-Last: Watts Title: Interpreting Community-Based Enterprise: A Case Study from Rural Wales Abstract: The research discussed in this paper analyses a successful community-based enterprise (CBE) project located in a Welsh market town by means of a qualitative case study. The primary aim of the research was to explore the enterprise creation process and, as a structuring device, it makes use of a conceptual framework for the creation of CBEs drawn from the academic literature. In addition to generating a number of insights into the origins, key attributes and development of CBEs, the paper also evaluates the applicability of the framework to the UK context. An extensive analysis from a community-centred perspective revealed a complex blend of ‘individual’ versus ‘community’ actions in the foundation and development of the CBE. While a few actors were identifiable as the primary drivers of the project as its venture champions, there was a relatively high level of participation by the broader community as shareholders, volunteers and users, justifying the ‘community’ descriptor. A number of limitations are revealed in the applicability of the initial conceptual framework, which originated from research in developing economies. It is therefore concluded that further work is needed in different socio-economic and geographical contexts to develop a robust understanding of CBEs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 211-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1158731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1158731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:211-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Jenner Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jenner Author-Name: Florin Oprescu Author-X-Name-First: Florin Author-X-Name-Last: Oprescu Title: The Sectorial Trust of Social Enterprise: Friend or Foe? Abstract: This paper examines the social capital of social enterprise and the opportunities it presents for collaboration and sustainability. Incorporating a mixed methods approach the study included a sample of 93 leaders from a cross-section of social enterprises in Australia and Scotland. The research results suggest that social enterprise leaders exhibit high levels of trust and collaborative tendencies as well as a potentially beneficial mix of strong and weak social connections. However, sectorial trust does not seem to influence the growth of social enterprises. Social enterprise leaders must develop new capabilities and strategies to access the additional benefits of social capital. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 236-261 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1158732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1158732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:236-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johan Bruneel Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Bruneel Author-Name: Nathalie Moray Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Moray Author-Name: Robin Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Author-Name: Yves Fassin Author-X-Name-First: Yves Author-X-Name-Last: Fassin Title: Balancing Competing Logics in For-Profit Social Enterprises: A Need for Hybrid Governance Abstract: This paper reports a case study of a for-profit award-winning social enterprise that faced bankruptcy two years after founding. The findings show that the firm's overemphasis on the social employment logic and the increasing disregard of the commercial market logic led to the failure. This imbalance in response to the two competing logics was fuelled by the entrepreneurs’ strong social values, stakeholder reinforcement, and lack of appropriate governance. This study shows that hybrid organizations need to pay attention to the governance of the tension between competing demands inside as well as outside the organization. Hybrid organizations therefore require a hybrid governance model. By presenting a case of failure of a social enterprise, the paper counterbalances the dominance of optimistic idealism in social entrepreneurship literature. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 263-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1166147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1166147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:263-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lumina S. Albert Author-X-Name-First: Lumina S. Author-X-Name-Last: Albert Author-Name: Thomas J. Dean Author-X-Name-First: Thomas J. Author-X-Name-Last: Dean Author-Name: Robert A. Baron Author-X-Name-First: Robert A. Author-X-Name-Last: Baron Title: From Social Value to Social Cognition: How Social Ventures Obtain the Resources They Need for Social Transformation Abstract: Academic and popular discussions of social entrepreneurship often point to the importance of social value creation in contributing to a social venture's success. Implied in these discussions is the assumption that the more pressing the social problem addressed by the mission or the greater the social value generated, the more successful and attractive the venture will be. The present theoretical framework uses social cognition theory to examine the link between dimensions of the social mission and the venture's appeal to resource providers, and suggests that the magnitude of social value created is only one of a broader set of mission characteristics that influence social venture outcomes, such as resource acquisition from potential resource providers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 289-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1188323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1188323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:289-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle T. Hackett Author-X-Name-First: Michelle T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hackett Title: Solving ‘Social Market Failures’ with Social Enterprises? Grameen Shakti (Village Energy) in Bangladesh Abstract: Addressing a gap in the social entrepreneurship literature, this paper explores the combined economic and socio-cultural and political difficulties inherent in addressing ‘social market failures’ by social enterprises in developing countries. Statistical analysis, interviews and observations of Grameen Shakti (Village Energy) are used to explore its approach to addressing energy market failures in rural Bangladesh. The paper finds that while Grameen Shakti is exceeding expectations in rural energy technology sales, it has had difficulties reaching the poorest for both financial and socio-cultural reasons. Political reflections, drawing from the broader ‘development literature’, suggest, further, that product-focused social enterprises are generally not well equipped to deal with the complex socio-political issues underlying energy poverty. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 312-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1188324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1188324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:312-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Tischer Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Tischer Author-Name: Ruth Yeoman Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Yeoman Author-Name: Stuart White Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Author-Name: Jonathan Michie Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Michie Title: An Evaluative Framework for Mutual and Employee-Owned Businesses Abstract: Mutual and employee-owned businesses (MEOBs) continue to experience a revival in the UK, be it through the growth of building societies and financial mutuals, or the success of employee-owned businesses. In addition, government has promoted MEOBs by transferring public services into new corporate forms, citing reports of resilience and long-term success of MEOBs.Yet despite these developments, there appears to be some ambiguity as to how to evaluate the performance of MEOBs. The lack of a coherent framework that takes the values, principles and structures into account when assessing outputs and outcomes results in a narrow understanding of MEOB performance, often focused on quantitative measures irrespective of the values and principles held by these types of organizations, and indeed their purpose.In an effort to advance such work, this paper seeks to outline a framework to evaluate mutual and employee-owned businesses taking account of a variety of dimensions that affect how MEOBs do business, and the outcomes they produce, to broaden the idea of performance by joining up values and principles that are at the centre of the mutual model with the outputs and outcomes that are being created. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 342-368 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1190396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1190396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:342-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1221945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1221945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 369-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1227555 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1227555 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:369-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Title: Citizen Innovation as Niche Restoration – A Type of Social Innovation and Its Relevance for Political Participation and Sustainability Abstract: There have been many creative responses to modern economic, political and technological developments and their (un)intended social and ecological consequences. These responses provide the soil for the type of social innovation identified in this article: citizen innovation as niche restoration. It is about civic action that creates novelty by seeking to restore the places and practices citizens already value. Drawing from an in-depth case study on decentralized water management, the concept of citizen innovation as niche restoration is explored, and its implications for political participation and sustainability discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 338-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1364286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1364286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:338-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martijn Jeroen van der Linden Author-X-Name-First: Martijn Jeroen Author-X-Name-Last: van der Linden Author-Name: Cees van Beers Author-X-Name-First: Cees Author-X-Name-Last: van Beers Title: Are Private (Digital) Moneys (Disruptive) Social Innovations? An Exploration of Different Designs Abstract: This article explores which private moneys qualify as (disruptive) social innovations. A case study into 30 Dutch-based complementary currencies and cryptocurrencies was conducted to understand the functioning of different designs of private money systems as well as the motivations and objectives of involved social innovators. We conclude that private moneys generally can be qualified as social innovations but that their potential for disruptiveness is limited by design. It is the externalities that come with the public and network nature of monetary systems that are likely to impede disruption by private (digital) moneys. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 302-319 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1364287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1364287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:302-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Title: Social Innovation, Individuals and Societies: An Empirical Investigation of Multi-layered Effects Abstract: Empirical investigation of social innovation and its effects is a much under-explored terrain. Difficulties range from the conceptual complexity of social innovation processes to empirical implementation. This study applies a conceptual framework (ESGM) that envisages multi-layered effects of social innovation on individuals and societies. It analyzes subjective, primary data to compare three different European cases, proposing an empirical strategy to capture their effects. Perceptions of participants report improvements in autonomy and that social innovations mainly produce intangible outcomes such as knowledge and personal relationships, which are unlikely to be captured in synthetic measures such as average effects or money metrics. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 271-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1364288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1364288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:271-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lara Maestripieri Author-X-Name-First: Lara Author-X-Name-Last: Maestripieri Title: Does Social Innovation Reduce the Economic Marginalization of Women? Insights from the Case of Italian Solidarity Purchasing Groups Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between gender and social innovation to highlight the possible positive effects of women's participation in social innovation in terms of protection from economic marginalization. It focuses on Italian solidarity purchasing groups as a case of social innovation in the domain of food and agriculture. The analysis is based on logistic regression using primary data collected in 2016 for the EU funded project CrESSI. The results show that participation in social innovation does protect households from worsening economic conditions. However, it was not empirically proven that there is a significant difference between men and women in the benefit enjoyed from the participation in solidarity purchasing groups. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 320-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1364289 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1364289 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:320-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: György Molnár Author-X-Name-First: György Author-X-Name-Last: Molnár Title: Capability building combined with microcredit: the loan alone is insufficient Abstract: The article analyses the specific features of a social innovation aimed at assisting a social group, which is not simply marginalized, but also socially excluded at least for decades. It focuses on the activities of a non-profit corporation providing microcredit, mentoring and other social services to undereducated, unemployed and socially excluded Roma people in Hungary. The paper relies on the capability approach developed by Sen and Nussbaum. The main conclusion is that providing loans without capability building can lead to a mission drift towards less disadvantaged groups, and consequently the exclusion of the most disadvantaged may even increase. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 354-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1371632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1371632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:354-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia von Jacobi Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: von Jacobi Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Author-Name: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti Author-X-Name-First: Enrica Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappero-Martinetti Title: Theorizing Social Innovation to Address Marginalization Abstract: Social innovation has increasingly been referred to as a potential driver for – transformative and disruptive -- social change because it offers the potential to provide solutions to social needs that the current institutional status quo neglects or only partially attends to. In this introduction to the special issue on social innovation and marginalisation, the editors provide an overview of the theoretical framework, with which the two phenomena can be put into connection. It introduces the Extended Social Grid Model, in which an institutionalist perspective on social forces can be combined with the capability approach that puts human agency at its core. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 265-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1380340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1380340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:3:p:265-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariya Jilinskaya-Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Mariya Author-X-Name-Last: Jilinskaya-Pandey Author-Name: Jeremy Wade Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Wade Title: Social Entrepreneur Quotient: An International Perspective on Social Entrepreneur Personalities Abstract: As the field of social entrepreneurship expands, so will demand for education, support services, and finance to facilitate these activities. Rigorous tools for evaluating social ventures’ potential, and founders’ capabilities, will be required. The Social Entrepreneur Quotient (SEQ) is a psychometric scale encompassing six dimensions: creativity, ethics, openness to change, risk-taking, autonomy, and achievement motivation. Through SEQ testing of an international sample of participants in a massive open online course on social enterprise, this paper places in conversation the significance of individual social entrepreneur traits and the contextually embedded nature of social enterprise in the Global North and South. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 265-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:265-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philipp Erpf Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Erpf Author-Name: Matthew J. Ripper Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ripper Author-Name: Melina Castignetti Author-X-Name-First: Melina Author-X-Name-Last: Castignetti Title: Understanding Social Entrepreneurship Based on Self-Evaluations of Organizational Leaders – Insights from an International Survey Abstract: In this article, we measure dimensions of social entrepreneurship (organizational orientation, innovation, and entrepreneurial outcome) using the semantic differential technique. A sizable sample (N = 547) of organizational leaders from the regions of West Africa, East Africa, Scandinavia, and some countries from transitional areas rated a variety of statements regarding their organizations. As a result of a cluster analysis, we propose an explicit characterization: Social entrepreneurship organizations are those which offer social solutions (referred to as social orientation) that are marketable (referred to as market orientation). These organizations approach social problems using revolutionary innovation, which provides a meaningful and higher level of satisfaction for the participants in the system (referred to as creation of a new system). Finally, we discuss and contrast this characterization with the two other organizational forms emerging from a cluster analysis (social service providers and innovation promoters) as well as associated practices in the literature (e.g., corporate social responsibility and corporate philanthropy). Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 288-306 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:288-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghadah Alarifi Author-X-Name-First: Ghadah Author-X-Name-Last: Alarifi Author-Name: Paul Robson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Author-Name: Endrit Kromidha Author-X-Name-First: Endrit Author-X-Name-Last: Kromidha Title: The Manifestation of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Social Entrepreneurship Context Abstract: This study extends theorisation of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the social entrepreneurship context by introducing firm performance as a construct for examining social enterprises (SEs) EO. Drawing on EO and firm performance research indicating that EO is related to a better firm performance, this paper argues that EO in SEs is positively related to organisational performance. This research empirically studies 303 social enterprises in Saudi Arabia and develops three hypotheses that examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and social entrepreneurs’ firm performance. The results show that innovativeness and proactiveness, but not risk-taking, are positively associated with firm performance. Thus, whilst SEs cover a wide range of business activities there is generally a positive effect of EO across the contexts investigated. Also, this research found that EO can be used as a mechanism to overcome constraints imposed by limited resources in an environment where new opportunities rarely occur. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 307-327 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:307-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farah Nabil Adel Al Taji Author-X-Name-First: Farah Nabil Adel Author-X-Name-Last: Al Taji Author-Name: Irene Bengo Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Bengo Title: The Distinctive Managerial Challenges of Hybrid Organizations: Which Skills are Required? Abstract: How do the distinctive managerial challenges of hybrid organizations appear in practice? Which skills can be taught to respond to those challenges? These important questions are investigated based on, first, an in-depth study of social incubators/accelerators and social ventures (SVs). Second, building upon the ‘paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs’, the study associates the specific challenges in practice with the model’s specific skills. This study has value not only for the social entrepreneurship (SE) literature but also for SE educators, social incubators/accelerators and social entrepreneurs who are all engaged in the capacity building of SVs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 328-345 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1543724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1543724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:328-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susana Bernardino Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Bernardino Author-Name: J. Freitas Santos Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Freitas Santos Title: Network Structure of the Social Entrepreneur: An Analysis Based on Social Organization Features and Entrepreneurs’ Demographic Characteristics and Organizational Status Abstract: Networks have been widely recognized as important to social entrepreneurship. This investigation aims to analyse how the structure of networks is influenced by the social organizations’ features and the entrepreneurs’ characteristics. After a review of pertinent literature on the topic, exploratory research is performed based on a quantitative approach. The primary data were collected through an online survey sent to Portuguese social organizations. The results confirm that networks have a substantial density in social entrepreneurship and that social organizations are surrounded either by strong or by weak ties. The investigation also reveals that networks’ formation is highly context-dependent, since its structure is influenced by the features of the social organization and the demographic and organizational status of its leaders. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 346-366 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1543725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1543725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:346-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inês Fernandes Thomaz Author-X-Name-First: Inês Fernandes Author-X-Name-Last: Thomaz Author-Name: Margarida Catalão-Lopes Author-X-Name-First: Margarida Author-X-Name-Last: Catalão-Lopes Title: Improving the Mentoring Process for Social Entrepreneurship in Portugal: A Qualitative Study Abstract: Social entrepreneurship aims to find innovative and self-sustainable solutions to social problems. The mentoring process is a crucial component, yet relatively less addressed, of social entrepreneurship. This paper analyses the different perspectives towards mentoring of the main actors in the social entrepreneurship ecosystem in Portugal, making use of interviews and focus groups and qualitative data analysis. The major challenges faced are identified and discussed. Recommendations to improve the mentoring process to new social entrepreneurs are withdrawn. Study findings are of value to all entities involved in the ecosystem. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 367-379 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1561497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1561497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:3:p:367-379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abu H Ayob Author-X-Name-First: Abu H Author-X-Name-Last: Ayob Title: Diversity, Trust and Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) differs from conventional entrepreneurship insofar as it emphasizes social outcomes ahead of economic returns. Research on the institutional effects on the former, however, has neglected to address specifically the impact of diversity, although it has been extensively studied in relation to the latter. This paper examines the effects of ethnic and religious heterogeneity, and trust as a moderator, on SE in 22 countries. The results suggest that an increase in ethnic diversity within countries leads to a higher engagement in SE. Also it is found that inter-religious trust attenuates the negative relationship between religious diversity and SE. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1399433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1399433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lance R. Newey Author-X-Name-First: Lance R. Author-X-Name-Last: Newey Title: ‘Changing the System’: Compensatory versus Transformative Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: ‘Changing the system’ has long been a part of definitions of social entrepreneurship (SE). This paper focuses on capitalism as a global socio-economic system and understanding the role of SE in relation to this system. A distinction between two types of SE activity is introduced: compensatory and transformative. Compensatory SE compensates for market failures within the global capitalist system. By contrast, transformative SE specifically seeks to change the system of global capitalism. Using the examples of the alter-globalization movement and transition towns, the paper advances a conceptualization of transformative SE which contrasts assumptions with compensatory SE. This distinction aids to make the field of SE more truly global, multidisciplinary, representative and emancipatory. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 13-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1408671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1408671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:1:p:13-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prajakta Khare Author-X-Name-First: Prajakta Author-X-Name-Last: Khare Author-Name: Kanchan Joshi Author-X-Name-First: Kanchan Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Title: Systems Approach to Map Determinants of a Social Enterprise's Impact: A Case from India Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach to social entrepreneurship, namely systems map, to determine the path of achievement of a social enterprise's objectives. The paper uses the case-study approach. First, the factors that contribute towards the achievement of an enterprise's objectives are identified from the literature. The applicability of these factors to the case is discussed using primary data. Furthermore, the inter-linkages amongst these factors are determined and verified with data, with their final outcome being a social impact. Social impact-centric system map is the first such attempt to develop a tool for measurement of determinants of the progress of social enterprise. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 31-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1409254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1409254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:1:p:31-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rob Lubberink Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Lubberink Author-Name: Vincent Blok Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Blok Author-Name: Johan van Ophem Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: van Ophem Author-Name: Gerben van der Velde Author-X-Name-First: Gerben Author-X-Name-Last: van der Velde Author-Name: Onno Omta Author-X-Name-First: Onno Author-X-Name-Last: Omta Title: Innovation for Society: Towards a Typology of Developing Innovations by Social Entrepreneurs Abstract: Social entrepreneurs develop important innovative solutions for complex societal challenges. This exploratory article provides a typology of different approaches by which social entrepreneurs develop such innovations. This typology is based on their engagement in anticipation, reflexivity, stakeholder inclusion and deliberation, responsiveness and knowledge management, during the development of their innovation. Following from quantitative analyses of data from self-assessment questionnaires and subsequent contextualization, the findings reveal four distinctive ways to successfully develop innovative solutions for societal problems. This article therefore contributes to our understanding of the innovation process by which social entrepreneurs develop social innovations. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 52-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1410212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1410212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:1:p:52-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Pelucha Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Pelucha Author-Name: Jana Kourilova Author-X-Name-First: Jana Author-X-Name-Last: Kourilova Author-Name: Viktor Kveton Author-X-Name-First: Viktor Author-X-Name-Last: Kveton Title: Barriers of Social Entrepreneurship Development – A Case Study of the Czech Republic Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) began to be strongly supported in Central and Eastern European countries during the programming period of 2007–2013. However, the level of SE development still lags behind developed countries. The paper focuses on the identification of barriers to SE development in the Czech Republic and recommendations for policymaking. The value added is the adaptation of the Community of Practice on Inclusive Entrepreneurship methodology and its verification. A limited range of financial support options and a lack of interest of banks to improve the availability of loans were identified as main barriers to the development of SE. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 129-148 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1313303 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1313303 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:129-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wallis Motta Author-X-Name-First: Wallis Author-X-Name-Last: Motta Author-Name: Paolo Dini Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Author-X-Name-Last: Dini Author-Name: Laura Sartori Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Sartori Title: Self-Funded Social Impact Investment: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Sardex Mutual Credit System Abstract: Sardex is a B2B electronic complementary currency and mutual credit system. It allows private funding to be endogenously generated within a geographically limited socio-economic context, rather than injected from exogenous sources, leading to a greater level of positive social impact. Sardex promotes stable and constructive integration of market activity with democratic institutions and socio-cultural values, and is hence identified with sustainable development. This paper presents a case study based on 29 semi-structured in-depth interviews of Sardex members. By drawing on monetary theory, sociology and anthropology, the paper argues that Sardex implements a form of self-funded social impact investment. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 149-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1321576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1321576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:149-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Preeti Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Preeti Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: Anil K. Bhat Author-X-Name-First: Anil K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhat Author-Name: Jyoti Tikoria Author-X-Name-First: Jyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Tikoria Title: The role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on social entrepreneurial attitudes and social entrepreneurial intentions Abstract: The present study aims at identifying the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Indian context by using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework. A 50-item questionnaire was responded by 230 students who are enrolled in the universities in India. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. In total, 72% (N = 166) of the respondents were male and 31% (N = 64) were female and the average age of the respondents was 20 years. The questions measured emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, attitude towards becoming a social entrepreneur and social entrepreneurial intentions. The result shows that the proposed model in the present study explains 42% of the variance, explaining the social entrepreneurship intention. Both Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy showed the positive significant relationship with both attitude and social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 165-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1371628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1371628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:165-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Mas-Machuca Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Mas-Machuca Author-Name: Maria Ballesteros-Sola Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Ballesteros-Sola Author-Name: Adrián Guerrero Author-X-Name-First: Adrián Author-X-Name-Last: Guerrero Title: Unveiling the mission statements in social enterprises: a comparative content analysis of US- vs. Spanish-based organizations Abstract: Mission statements are widely considered an effective strategic and communication tool in all types of organization. Specifically, mission statements are also relevant in social enterprises. Our study examines and describes the mission statements in a sample of 117 Spanish social enterprises and compares them with previous research on US-based social enterprises’ mission statements. A manual content analysis of those mission statements was independently performed by three researchers. A two-sample t-test was performed to test the difference between these two independent US-based and Spanish samples. Our findings suggest that the degree of development of Spanish social enterprises’ mission statements is still in an embryonic state. Additionally, results show that there are significant differences between the components of the social enterprises’ mission statements in Spain and the USA. Mission statements in Spain tend to emphasize customers, products, services and the company philosophy. This study has implications for practitioners, as it highlights the need to elevate the quality of Spanish social enterprises’ mission statements, as well as for researchers, as we uncover future research opportunities that are context specific. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 186-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1371629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1371629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:186-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sorawadee Srivetbodee Author-X-Name-First: Sorawadee Author-X-Name-Last: Srivetbodee Author-Name: Barbara Igel Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Igel Author-Name: Suthisak Kraisornsuthasinee Author-X-Name-First: Suthisak Author-X-Name-Last: Kraisornsuthasinee Title: Creating Social Value Through Social Enterprise Marketing: Case Studies from Thailand's Food-Focused Social Entrepreneurs Abstract: Marketing not only creates economic value for a social enterprise, it also must create social value. This paper adopts a case research to five Thailand's food social entrepreneurs to examine how a marketing strategy creates social value. The findings revealed that the majority of them addressed a social problem in a marketing strategy to benefit producers and society. Key contributions include proposing and validating a holistic set of propositions of social enterprise marketing with social value generation. Recommendations for social enterprise marketers and policy-makers are also provided so that they can improve a marketing strategy to address social problems. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 201-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1371630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1371630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:201-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inés Alegre Author-X-Name-First: Inés Author-X-Name-Last: Alegre Author-Name: Susanna Kislenko Author-X-Name-First: Susanna Author-X-Name-Last: Kislenko Author-Name: Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent Author-X-Name-First: Jasmina Author-X-Name-Last: Berbegal-Mirabent Title: Organized Chaos: Mapping the Definitions of Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Over the last 20 years, social entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of researchers from a wide variety of disciplines which has generated a great range of definitions of the term social entrepreneurship. This paper maps the existing definitions, using a citation map and cluster analysis methods. Studying 307 documents in total, the analysis reveals that – contrary to what has been commonly believed – there does, in fact, exist widespread consensus within the academic community on the definition and meaning of the term social entrepreneurship and it is primarily centred on the combination of social and financial goals, community ideals and innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 248-264 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1371631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1371631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:248-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sascha Bjarnø Olinsson Author-X-Name-First: Sascha Bjarnø Author-X-Name-Last: Olinsson Title: Social Entrepreneurship-Committing Theory to Practice Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is often presented in the literature as the key to solving many of this world’s persistent social problems. The role of the social entrepreneur is described as fundamental in any social entrepreneurial venture. However, there are few natural-born social entrepreneurs and a lack of knowledge concerning the process of developing a social entrepreneurial venture. Recent studies question the all-important role of the social entrepreneur and instead recognize a collective process of innovation. This study developed a first attempt at a social entrepreneurial management tool which can reproduce the processual thinking of the social entrepreneur. In applying empirical data from social entrepreneurship case studies to a modified version of the analytical planning tool known as the Problem and Objective tree, this study addressed the lack of knowledge concerning the social entrepreneurial development process. The results suggest that the tool can assist social entrepreneurial networks, meaning a collective effort by stakeholders within any given community, develop social entrepreneurial ventures in environments without a ‘natural born’ social entrepreneur. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 225-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1375547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1375547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:2:p:225-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandro Battisti Author-X-Name-First: Sandro Author-X-Name-Last: Battisti Title: Digital Social Entrepreneurs as Bridges in Public–Private Partnerships Abstract: Developing innovative projects towards the achievement of the socio-economic impact of a technology is a challenge for the researchers, industry, and policymakers. This research develops a new model to identify the key roles in the innovation process by analyzing 10 projects developed and managed by public–private partnerships. This research describes the role of people (i.e. innovation managers, lead-users, embedded lead-users, social entrepreneurs, technology-reflective individuals and online community leaders) in the social innovation process. The social entrepreneur is the key role acting as a bridge between innovation managers and technology-reflective individuals. Furthermore, reflective people such as young couples with kids, elderly or Millennials are fundamental for the impact creation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 135-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:135-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeno C. S. Leung Author-X-Name-First: Zeno C. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Leung Author-Name: Amy P. Y. Ho Author-X-Name-First: Amy P. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Ho Author-Name: Linda Y. N. Tjia Author-X-Name-First: Linda Y. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Tjia Author-Name: Raymond K. Y. Tam Author-X-Name-First: Raymond K. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Tam Author-Name: K. T. Chan Author-X-Name-First: K. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Chan Author-Name: Michael K. W. Lai Author-X-Name-First: Michael K. W. Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Title: Social Impacts of Work Integration Social Enterprise in Hong Kong – Workfare and Beyond Abstract: In 2017, there are over six hundreds social enterprises in Hong Kong. Among them, approximately 70% are work integration social enterprises (WISEs) primarily aiming at creating employment and/or providing vocational training for the disadvantaged groups. Impact assessment of these WISEs is a growing concern in the society. In this article, the authors review major types of impact assessment approaches and three categories are delineated – outcome-based, structured-based and process-based approaches. Through the application of one particular outcome-based approach, Social Return on Investment (SROI), onto four invited local WISEs, the social impacts induced by selected WISEs and their significances are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 159-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:159-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ira Puspadewi Author-X-Name-First: Ira Author-X-Name-Last: Puspadewi Author-Name: Budi W. Soetjipto Author-X-Name-First: Budi W. Author-X-Name-Last: Soetjipto Author-Name: Sari Wahyuni Author-X-Name-First: Sari Author-X-Name-Last: Wahyuni Author-Name: Setyo H. Wijayanto Author-X-Name-First: Setyo H. Author-X-Name-Last: Wijayanto Title: Managing Paradox for the Sustainability of Social Enterprises: An Empirical Study of Forestry Community Cooperatives in Indonesia Abstract: Social enterprises (SEs) have a paradoxical nature in serving economic and social objectives and meeting them is essential in managing SEs effectively. This study surveys 561 senior executives of 189 forestry cooperatives in Indonesia to assess whether these SE leaders demonstrate such behaviours and to establish their origins. Results demonstrate that the need for cognition and environmental complexity determine the cognitive complexity of SE leaders and environmental complexity is more dominant than the need for cognition. This indicates that cognitive complexity is externally rather than internally driven and that leaders’ commercial and pro-social behaviours raise sustainability of their cooperatives. Cognitive complexity instigates both behaviours. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 177-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:177-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Kong Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Kong Title: Harnessing and advancing knowledge in social enterprises: Theoretical and operational challenges in the refugee settlement experience Abstract: A better understanding of the role of social enterprises in the refugee settlement experience likely assists in transferring refugees’ prior labour market experience into the receiving-country’s labour market and facilitating further knowledge creation for life satisfaction and self-reliance for refugees. A qualitative narrative inquiry approach was adopted to identify the knowledge and learning activities addressing social issues in social enterprises.The paper serves as a milestone in examining the role of social enterprises in harnessing and advancing knowledge in refugee settlement experience. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 193-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:193-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hilla Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Hilla Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Oshrit Kaspi-Baruch Author-X-Name-First: Oshrit Author-X-Name-Last: Kaspi-Baruch Author-Name: Hagai Katz Author-X-Name-First: Hagai Author-X-Name-Last: Katz Title: The social entrepreneur puzzle: the background, personality and motivation of Israeli social entrepreneurs Abstract: This study compares the personality, motivation and leadership background of 104 Israeli social entrepreneurs and 85 business entrepreneurs. Social entrepreneurs are higher in extraversion and openness to experience, lower in managerial personality characteristics, and more driven by ideology rather than by capital gains. Social entrepreneurs also have stronger early ideological and leadership training. Multiple regression analysis reveals that a relatively robust and persistent set of internal psychological drivers prompt a search for specific experiences that are related to leadership roles and social change orientations, including social entrepreneurship and the relevant leading experiences in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 211-231 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:211-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Sparviero Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Sparviero Title: The Case for a Socially Oriented Business Model Canvas: The Social Enterprise Model Canvas Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to introduce the Social Enterprise Model Canvas (SEMC), a Business Model Canvas (BMC) conceived for designing the organizational settings of social enterprises, for resolving the mission measurement paradox, and for meeting the strategy, legitimacy and governance challenges. The SEMC and the analysis that explains its features are of interest to academics concerned with the study of social entrepreneurship because they offer a new analytical tool that is particularly useful for untangling and comparing different forms of social enterprises. Also, it is of interest to social entrepreneurs, because the SEMC is a platform that can be used to prevent ‘mission drifts’ that might result from problems emerging from the mismanagement of such challenges. The arguments presented are grounded on scientific literature from multiple disciplines and fields, on a critical review of the BMC, and on a case study. The main features of SEMC that makes it an alternative to the BMC are attention to social value and building blocks that take into consideration non-targeted stakeholders, principles of governance, the involvement of customers and targeted beneficiaries, mission values, short-term objectives, impact and output measures. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 232-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541011 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541011 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:232-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeffrey Gauthier Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Gauthier Author-Name: David Cohen Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Chris R. Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Chris R. Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer Title: Top Management Team Characteristics and Social Value Creation Abstract: This article explores the implications of top management team (TMT) diversity and identity in fostering an organizational environment that promotes social value creation. Upper echelon theory is integrated with research on social entrepreneurship to develop propositions concerning the relationship between TMT characteristics and social value creation. In doing so, this article responds to calls to examine the role of group efforts in creating social value and offers contributions to both upper echelon theory and social entrepreneurship research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 252-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:2:p:252-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Gidron Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Gidron Title: The Dual Hybridity of Social Enterprises for Marginalized Populations Abstract: This paper focuses on an analysis of market-oriented social enterprises providing employment opportunities for marginalized populations as hybrid organizations, needing to balance their divergent institutional logics. The paper introduces a welfare angle into the discourse on the topic to complement the business administration focus in the literature. It challenges the traditional separation between the world of regular work and the world of welfare and provides conceptual frameworks that enable certain marginalized populations to be involved in market-oriented social enterprises and consequently integrate in the community. It provides both a rationale for the existence of market-oriented social enterprises and an analysis of their organizational characteristics. That analysis is based on a conceptualization of a dual hybridity of these entities: The hybridity of form that has to do with structure and can be seen as a combination between a for-profit and a non-profit organization and the hybridity of substance, which emanates from the traditional negation between the business and the welfare paradigms and can be seen as a combination between a for-profit workplace and a human service agency. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1207700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1207700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanto Chandra Author-X-Name-First: Yanto Author-X-Name-Last: Chandra Title: Social Entrepreneurship as Institutional-Change Work: A Corpus Linguistics Analysis Abstract: How do social entrepreneurs employ language to bring about a change in the structure of society and institutions? Drawing on discourse as the main epistemology in institutional theory, this research applies corpus linguistics (CL) – a relatively new approach in studying discourse – to identify the institutional-change work performed by social entrepreneurs. By applying CL on a small, specialized corpus of a Chinese social enterprise (SE) that offers taxi services to a specialty market – elders and physically disabled residents – and has institutionalized wheelchair accessible transportation in Hong Kong (China), this research found 17 discourse orientations (i.e., problem, difficulty, empowerment, beneficiary, altruistic, social process, economic, opportunity, sustainability, partnership, resource, solution, government-as-enabler, social business identity, change-making, mission, and impact) that can be aggregated into five meta discourses: problematization, empowerment, marketization, resource mobilization, and publicness. It also reveals the influence of collaborative efforts performed by volunteers, media, educational institutions and the State in institutionalizing and legitimizing wheelchair accessible public transport and social enterprises. This study also uncovers the influence of prior institutional context on the institutionalization of SE. This research suggests new avenues to better integrate social work, public administration, and sustainability research – cognate disciplines at the fringes of SE – to inform future SE research. Finally, this study articulates the promise of corpus linguistics as a primary or supplementary method for future SE discourse research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 14-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1233133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1233133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:14-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Giacomantonio Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Giacomantonio Title: Grant-Maximizing but not Money-Making: A Simple Decision-Tree Analysis for Social Impact Bonds Abstract: Social impact bonds (SIBs) are a form of impact investing that challenge traditional investor and government rationalities in financing or funding social services. SIBs are often presented optimistically as a self-evident ‘win-win’ for public commissioners and potential non-governmental investors in public services. While the use of SIBs has grown recently, SIBs have not been used as extensively as many proponents expected, raising questions around whether investor and government interests can be adequately aligned. A decision tree is developed that explains why SIBs may not appeal to investors and governments as much as initially hoped by their proponents, specifically addressing the value of SIBs in relation to alternative investments available to governments and investors. The decision tree shows that SIB-financed initiatives that are rational choices for governments are unlikely to be attractive to investors (and vice versa). This explains the ‘SIB paradox’ and why it has proved difficult to create a vigorous investment market for SIBs. This issue remains even where efforts are made to reduce transactions costs or investor risk in SIB-funded initiatives. The analysis also suggests that SIBs may offer philanthropic and charity funders rather than private investors a way to make the most of their limited granting capital. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 47-66 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2016.1271348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2016.1271348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:47-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dominique Jozef Alfons Smeets Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Jozef Alfons Author-X-Name-Last: Smeets Title: Collaborative Learning Processes in Social Impact Bonds: A Case Study from the Netherlands Abstract: Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) bring together organizations from various sectors, with different organizational logics. Successful cross-sector collaboration, therefore, is challenging. In this paper, the collaborative learning process between partners of the SIB The Colour Kitchen (The Netherlands) is analysed. By analysing a good practice case, this paper shows (1) how collaborative governance theory helps to understand the dynamics of an SIB partnership, (2) provides insight into theoretical and empirical favourable conditions and actions for collaboration in an SIB, and (3) illustrates the complexity of SIBs and shows why such a normative proposition is still not widely practised. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 67-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1299034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1299034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:67-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheela Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Sheela Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey Author-Name: Saurabh Lall Author-X-Name-First: Saurabh Author-X-Name-Last: Lall Author-Name: Sanjay K. Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay K. Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey Author-Name: Sucheta Ahlawat Author-X-Name-First: Sucheta Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlawat Title: The Appeal of Social Accelerators: What do Social Entrepreneurs Value? Abstract: Are the most-publicized benefits of social accelerators also the ones most valued by social entrepreneurs? Does the social entrepreneur human capital – such as education, professional background and experience – shape the attractiveness of value propositions of different social accelerator benefits? These important questions are examined in this study by drawing upon a large and unique database of more than 4,000 social entrepreneurs worldwide who have applied to social accelerator programmes. Study findings are of value not only to social entrepreneurship scholars but also to social entrepreneurs, social accelerators, funders of accelerators and other entities in the social entrepreneurship ecosystem. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 88-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1299035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1299035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:88-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Maas Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Maas Author-Name: Cecilia Grieco Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Author-X-Name-Last: Grieco Title: Distinguishing game changers from boastful charlatans: Which social enterprises measure their impact? Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a beautiful and growing vehicle in society to tackle social problems in innovative ways. Unfortunately, existing research has failed to address to what extent SEs are truly living up to their promises. In result, surprisingly little is known about the actual success of SEs in creating social impact. Even more elementary, it is hard to know whether SEs are measuring and monitoring their social impact. Using a worldwide sample of 3.194 SEs from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data this study provides unique insights, as it represents the first global and harmonized assessment of the practice of impact measurement of SEs. Findings show that about 33% of the SEs in the sample do measure their impact. Furthermore, the results show a significant positive relation between economic mission, size and innovativeness of the SE and impact measurement. The relation between social mission and impact measurement show a significant negative result. These results can be seen as a starting point in investigating the actual practice of SEs involvement in impact measurement and opens up interesting avenues for future research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 110-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2017.1304435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2017.1304435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:110-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rasheda L. Weaver Author-X-Name-First: Rasheda L. Author-X-Name-Last: Weaver Title: Re-Conceptualizing Social Value: Applying the Capability Approach in Social Enterprise Research Abstract: In an effort to develop a unified perspective of the term social value, this paper argues that it should be viewed through the lens of the capability approach. A sample of 34 empirical research articles that apply the capability approach are examined to increase understanding about how it may be applied to measure social value. Findings reveal that the capability approach is commonly used in empirical research for: human well-being assessment; core needs identification; and measurement of capability dispersion. This paper argues that the capability approach is particularly appropriate for measuring capability dispersion, which most relates to social value creation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 79-93 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1430607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1430607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:79-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Giuliano Caroli Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Caroli Author-Name: Eleonora Fracassi Author-X-Name-First: Eleonora Author-X-Name-Last: Fracassi Author-Name: Riccardo Maiolini Author-X-Name-First: Riccardo Author-X-Name-Last: Maiolini Author-Name: Silvia Carnini Pulino Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Carnini Pulino Title: Exploring Social Innovation Components and Attributes: A Taxonomy Proposal Abstract: Previous research suggests that the body of Social Innovation literature is increasing in terms of scholarly contributions. The field is described as phenomenally based and hypothetically fragmented, with a set of emerging theoretical contributions filling the gaps. This article explores the domain of Social Innovation identifying its principal characteristics through a taxonomy proposal. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 94-109 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1448296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1448296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:94-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catalina Nicolás Author-X-Name-First: Catalina Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolás Author-Name: Alicia Rubio Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Author-X-Name-Last: Rubio Author-Name: Ana Fernández-Laviada Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Laviada Title: Cognitive Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship: Variations According to the Degree of Economic Development Abstract: A social enterprise besides mobilizing resources and generating employment responds to social problems usually ignored by institutions. We study key factors that may influence social enterprise creation. Particularly, we analyze the social entrepreneur's profile taking into account economic development and comparing results with non-social entrepreneurs. This will allow to design more effective policies that encourage the creation of social enterprises. Using a sample of 12,061 social entrepreneurs in 59 countries in different stages of economic development from the database of the GEM Project of the year 2015. The results point out that the influence of the variables varies with the level of economic development of the country analyzed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 154-168 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1452280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:154-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Pablo Román-Calderón Author-X-Name-First: Juan Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Román-Calderón Author-Name: Camilo Franco-Ruiz Author-X-Name-First: Camilo Author-X-Name-Last: Franco-Ruiz Author-Name: Adalgisa Battistelli Author-X-Name-First: Adalgisa Author-X-Name-Last: Battistelli Author-Name: Carlo Odoardi Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Author-X-Name-Last: Odoardi Title: European Social Enterprises, Still an Epitome of Benevolent Enterprises? The Employees’ Perspective Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study in terms of two ethical climate dimensions and affective organizational commitment. The employees of a confederation of social enterprises and a socially sustainable firm participated in the study. The multi-group exploratory factor approach was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study suggest that differences that exist in self-interest and social responsibility climates are not clear when comparing social enterprises and sustainable firms. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of the effect of these two types of ethical climates on affective organizational commitment varies from one type of organization to the other. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 169-179 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1452281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:169-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaturong Napathorn Author-X-Name-First: Chaturong Author-X-Name-Last: Napathorn Title: Which HR Bundles are Utilized in Social Enterprises? The Case of Social Enterprises in Thailand Abstract: This paper bridges the literatures on social enterprises and human resource management to examine the human resource (HR) bundles utilized by social enterprises and how these HR bundles are different from those used by the typical business enterprises described in the literature. It applies a cross-case analysis of five social enterprises across industries in Thailand. The case study evidence in this paper draws on semi-structured interviews with each social enterprise's founders or managers and employees, field visits to each social enterprise and a review of archival documents and web-based reports and resources. Based on these five case studies, this paper proposes that the HR bundles utilized by social enterprises consist of the following: recruitment and selection via sub-stream or alternative recruitment channels, paying more attention to on-the-job training than to classroom training, focusing more on intrinsic rewards than on extrinsic rewards and paternalistic styles of employee relations with no labour unions. These HR bundles are different from those used by typical business enterprises in that the latter group of enterprises primarily focuses on recruitment and selection via mainstream recruitment channels, training via classroom training and several other types of employee development methods including on-the-job training, both external and intrinsic rewards, and systematic conflict resolution process. It, however, is possible that both typical business enterprises and social enterprises can achieve the same objective of becoming high-performance organizations based on different types of HR bundles. That said, the concept of ‘equifinality’ is applicable in both typical business enterprises and social enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 110-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1452282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:110-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nicholls Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls Title: A General Theory of Social Impact Accounting: Materiality, Uncertainty and Empowerment Abstract: This paper argues that social impact accounting is different from financial accounting practice in terms of two key materiality issues: the uncertain nature of its material data; the empowering processes by which materiality is established. Drawing upon some detailed empirical analysis, this paper develops a new general theory of social impact accounting to suggest that successful social impact accounting processes both give voice to service users and produce more accurate performance data. The paper advances research in both social impact accounting and in critical approaches to accounting more generally. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 132-153 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1452785 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452785 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:2:p:132-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheila Killian Author-X-Name-First: Sheila Author-X-Name-Last: Killian Author-Name: Philip O’Regan Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: O’Regan Title: Taxation and Social Enterprise: Constraint or Incentive for the Common Good Abstract: When governments use tax policy to motivate activities of social value, incentives are commonly targeted at non-profits or charities. For-profit businesses meanwhile are primarily seen by policy-makers as generators of tax revenue. Social enterprise, characterized by innovation and hybridity, can combine for-profit and social impact aims in a single entity. A tax system that anticipates a binary world of charities and capitalism may be unable to accommodate this, and so may function as a constraint on the contribution of social enterprise to the common good. This article reviews tax policy and the experiences of social entrepreneurs to explore this issue. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1517103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1517103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandr Asmalovskij Author-X-Name-First: Alexandr Author-X-Name-Last: Asmalovskij Author-Name: Tomáš Sadílek Author-X-Name-First: Tomáš Author-X-Name-Last: Sadílek Author-Name: Vít Hinčica Author-X-Name-First: Vít Author-X-Name-Last: Hinčica Author-Name: Michala Mizerová Author-X-Name-First: Michala Author-X-Name-Last: Mizerová Title: Performance of Social Enterprises in the Czech Republic Abstract: The paper investigates how Czech social economy has currently been performing. In the text, the authors mainly focus on an analysis of various financial indicators of social enterprises in the Czech Republic as well as on different relations between these indicators. The performed analysis comprises descriptive statistics, correlation matrix using Pearson correlation with a two-tailed test of significance for dependent and independent variables, and multiple regressions for significantly dependent variables. The main outcome of the research reveals that a high variance is present between the given SEs in productivity and debt-to-equity ratio. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 19-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1521865 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1521865 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:19-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Dowin Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Dowin Kennedy Author-Name: Nardia Haigh Author-X-Name-First: Nardia Author-X-Name-Last: Haigh Title: Forging Ahead or Grasping at Straws? The Affects and Outcomes of Social Enterprise Legal Structure Change Abstract: Cases of legal structure change within social enterprises were examined using case study and qualitative comparative analyses to understand how legal structure change altered core business model components and subsequent outcomes for survival. The article identifies motivations for legal structure change (opportunity, weakness and threat), tracks changes made to business model components (value proposition, value creation and value capture), and examines post-change survival. Findings indicate that the business model component altered depends on the motivation for legal structure change and that survival favours enterprises that build value creation and value capture components first, while others enter a downward spiral from which it is difficult to recover. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 30-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:30-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philipp Kruse Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Kruse Author-Name: Dominika Wach Author-X-Name-First: Dominika Author-X-Name-Last: Wach Author-Name: Sílvia Costa Author-X-Name-First: Sílvia Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: Juan Antonio Moriano Author-X-Name-First: Juan Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Moriano Title: Values Matter, Don’t They? – Combining Theory of Planned Behavior and Personal Values as Predictors of Social Entrepreneurial Intention Abstract: In the face of growing social inequality, social entrepreneurship (SE) is considered to be a sustainable way to account for unmet social needs. Research acknowledges that SE-intention is an important prerequisite for SE-activity but there is only limited knowledge about the mechanisms of SE-intention formation. Despite theories with a cognitive focus like the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) having been shown to be able to predict SE-intention, the influence of an individual’s goal orientations, i.e. one`s personal values, on the choice to pursue a career as a social entrepreneur has been largely neglected. By integrating the TPB and Basic Human Values Theory, we investigate the mechanisms through which personal values are related to SE-intentions. Structural-Equation-Analyses with a sample of German university students (N = 1,326) yielded positive direct effects for the personal value dimensions of openness and self-transcendence, and negative direct effects for conservation and self-enhancement on SE-intention. Furthermore, indirect effects of self-transcendence and self-enhancement via the TPB-components emerged. Further research is needed to consolidate our findings and examine potential intercultural differences of value influences on SE-intention formation. The practical implications are that the educators of potential social entrepreneurs should invest more effort in securing a fit of personal values and the values that reinforce SE. Furthermore, our results highlight that making women aware of the possibility of combining social and financial value goals in SE could increase the number of female entrepreneurs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 55-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541003 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541003 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:55-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamie Levine Daniel Author-X-Name-First: Jamie Author-X-Name-Last: Levine Daniel Author-Name: Matthew Galasso Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Galasso Title: Revenue Embeddedness and Competing Institutional Logics: How Nonprofit Leaders Connect Earned Revenue to Mission and Organizational Identity Abstract: The increasing reliance on earned revenue displayed by nonprofits in the US has raised mission-related organizational identity concerns. However, the effect of a market-driven activity on mission-driven service may vary based on revenue embeddedness: the activity’s connection to the organization’s mission. This study draws on the competing logics of isomorphism and resource dependence to examine how the pursuit of earned revenue affects the organization’s perception of its mission and projection of identity. The authors examine how leaders use language to connect market to mission, presents additional dimensions of embeddedness, and offers propositions for future research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 84-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:84-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byungku Lee Author-X-Name-First: Byungku Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Louise Kelly Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly Title: Cultural leadership ideals and social entrepreneurship: an international study Abstract: Country-level contexts can be important drivers that explain cross-national differences in individuals’ social entrepreneurship decisions. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of favourable cultural contexts that influence individuals to pursue social entrepreneurship. Our findings confirmed that cross-national social entrepreneurship differences can be explained in part by considering cultural leadership ideals at the country-level. Specifically, the country context of low self-protective cultural leadership ideal had a positive impact on individual decisions to pursue social entrepreneurship. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis to understand the influence of the contextual factor on social entrepreneurship. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 108-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1541005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:108-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Call for papers Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 129-132 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1519310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1519310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:10:y:2019:i:1:p:129-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cris Bravo Monge Author-X-Name-First: Cris Bravo Author-X-Name-Last: Monge Title: Identifying Cross-Country Key Drivers of Social Entrepreneurial Activity Abstract: This study investigated the correlates of broad and narrow social entrepreneurship activity and 83 socio economic indicators among a sample of countries for which sufficient data exists. The study identified that broad and narrow social entrepreneurial activities are predicted through different drivers. Broad social entrepreneurial activity is driven by labor force with tertiary education, growth of carbon dioxide emissions, long-term unemployment, and percentage of stock of immigrants in a country. The narrowly defined social entrepreneurial activity is driven by taxes on income, profit and capital gains, growth of carbon dioxide emissions, and perception of standard of living in a country. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 181-199 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1467333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1467333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:181-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaimee Felice Caringal-Go Author-X-Name-First: Jaimee Felice Author-X-Name-Last: Caringal-Go Author-Name: Ma. Regina M. Hechanova Author-X-Name-First: Ma. Regina M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hechanova Title: Motivational Needs and Intent to Stay of Social Enterprise Workers Abstract: Using a needs theory framework, this study investigated motivations of social enterprise workers and their intent to stay using a sequential mixed exploratory design. Factor analysis of survey data elicited two factors corresponding to intrinsic and extrinsic needs. The extent to which these needs are met predicted intent to stay for both staff level employees and managers/founders. However, results showed differences between job levels on the extent to which intrinsic needs are met. Unique needs that appear to be an artifact of the nature of social enterprises and context are examined. Human resource management implications for social enterprises are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 200-214 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1468352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1468352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:200-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajesh Jayakar Pai Author-X-Name-First: Rajesh Author-X-Name-Last: Jayakar Pai Author-Name: Bhakti More Author-X-Name-First: Bhakti Author-X-Name-Last: More Title: Sustaining social entrepreneurship through networks in Dubai, United Arab Emirates Abstract: This paper’s purpose is to elaborate the role of networks in the social entrepreneurial process and their positive outcomes. Social networks contribute to the establishment, sustenance and expansion of the small- and medium-sized social entrepreneurship projects in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The research design and methodology are based on the principles of phenomenology coupled with insights from 10 social entrepreneurs regarding the role of networks in their journey of a start-up’s sustenance and expansion. Findings indicate that networks support resource management and help in building social ties and social capital, and unveil the core of social entrepreneurship to suggest an institutional framework that can encourage the youth in the region to perceive their ventures for the benefit of the society. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 215-233 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1498376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1498376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:215-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kai Hockerts Author-X-Name-First: Kai Author-X-Name-Last: Hockerts Title: The Effect of Experiential Social Entrepreneurship Education on Intention Formation in Students Abstract: This paper posits that social entrepreneurship education can increase the propensity of students to launch social enterprises through a process of experiential learning in which students co-create shared communities of practice. Data from 175 participants in Master level elective courses indicates that participation in social entrepreneurship courses increases self-efficacy, perceived social support and social entrepreneurial intentions. No statistically significant effects were found for empathy or moral obligation. In addition, drawing on a sample of 265 participants in a massive open online course, it was demonstrated that the more students engage in experiential learning activities, the larger the observed effects. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 234-256 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1498377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1498377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:234-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joanne L. Scillitoe Author-X-Name-First: Joanne L. Author-X-Name-Last: Scillitoe Author-Name: Latha Poonamallee Author-X-Name-First: Latha Author-X-Name-Last: Poonamallee Author-Name: Simy Joy Author-X-Name-First: Simy Author-X-Name-Last: Joy Title: Balancing Market Versus Social Strategic Orientations in Socio-tech Ventures as Part of the Technology Innovation Adoption Process – Examples from the Global Healthcare Sector Abstract: Socio-tech ventures – entrepreneurial firms that aim to create social value by employing technological innovation as part of their key value proposition – are a rapidly growing category of organizations. They occupy a place of intersection between technology ventures and social enterprises and present an important and emerging area of research. Socio-tech ventures face the challenge of balancing social and market strategic orientations similar to social enterprises. However, their simultaneous status as technology ventures is likely to further complicate this balancing act and remains an unexplored dynamic in the extant literature. Strategic orientation is an important consideration since it impacts the activities and resource allocations of a venture that can influence its performance.Drawing from the technology innovation and technological and social entrepreneurship literature, this paper addresses this gap by developing a conceptual model and propositions, with examples from the global health sector, about factors related to the technology adoption process that can influence the social-market strategic orientation balance of socio-tech ventures. This model considers the influence of the tenure and innovation stance of venture founders/managers, the complexity and trialability of the technological innovation, the legal structure of the venture, and interconnectedness within the social networks. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 257-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1498378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1498378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:257-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Call for Papers Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 288-293 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1494778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1494778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:9:y:2018:i:3:p:288-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janthorn Sinthupundaja Author-X-Name-First: Janthorn Author-X-Name-Last: Sinthupundaja Author-Name: Y. Kohda Author-X-Name-First: Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Kohda Author-Name: N. Chiadamrong Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Chiadamrong Title: Examining Capabilities of Social Entrepreneurship for Shared Value Creation Abstract: Social entrepreneurship can be represented as a transitional vehicle that serves for creating shared value among an entrepreneur, society and the environment. Social entrepreneurship is a sub-discipline within entrepreneurship that remains a poorly-understood complex phenomenon. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to empirically analyze the complex relationships among a set of capabilities (namely mission-driven, stakeholder, cross-sector collaboration and environmental management) and social entrepreneurship. Their relationships and effects on the shared value in social, environmental and economic dimensions were analyzed based on data from 22 social enterprises in Thailand. Findings show that there was no single condition that necessarily and solely contributed to high or low social entrepreneurship and shared value. However, a sufficiency analysis revealed several combinations of conditions that sufficiently produced high and low expected outcomes. Because of the special characteristics of social entrepreneurship, the findings highlight the importance of fsQCA for finding different combinations of conditions leading to the same outcomes. In addition, the social and environmental values were found to be a source of competitive advantage and superior economic value that enable the identification and creation of new market opportunities. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1543726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1543726 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Capella-Peris Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Capella-Peris Author-Name: Jesús Gil-Gómez Author-X-Name-First: Jesús Author-X-Name-Last: Gil-Gómez Author-Name: Manuel Martí-Puig Author-X-Name-First: Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Martí-Puig Author-Name: Paola Ruíz-Bernardo Author-X-Name-First: Paola Author-X-Name-Last: Ruíz-Bernardo Title: Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Social Entrepreneurship Competency in Higher Education Abstract: This paper proposes an instrument to assess social entrepreneurship competency in higher education (SECS). 19 Features of social entrepreneurship competency were identified. The pilot test (n = 497) confirmed the validity and reliability of the SECS. Exploratory factor analysis proposed a set of categories consistent with the initial approach. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable relationships among the scale categories and items, while the fit indices suggested that the data fit adequately to the default model. Pearson’s test verified significant, positive correlations among the revised categories in all cases. Therefore, the scale carries the potential to contribute to social entrepreneurship research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 23-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1545686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1545686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:23-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aki Harima Author-X-Name-First: Aki Author-X-Name-Last: Harima Author-Name: Julia Freudenberg Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Freudenberg Title: Co-Creation of Social Entrepreneurial Opportunities with Refugees Abstract: This explorative study examines how local and refugee entrepreneurs team up on social entrepreneurial initiatives and combine their strengths and resources to construct, evaluate and pursue new opportunities. We interviewed social venture teams including both groups in a social entrepreneurship accelerator in Germany. The findings suggest that such mixed social venture teams can overcome the liabilities of the foreignness of entrepreneurial refugee individuals while gaining legitimacy in both host societies and the refugee community. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 40-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1561498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1561498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:40-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anastacia Mamabolo Author-X-Name-First: Anastacia Author-X-Name-Last: Mamabolo Author-Name: Kerrin Myres Author-X-Name-First: Kerrin Author-X-Name-Last: Myres Title: Performance Measurement in Emerging Market Social Enterprises using a Balanced Scorecard Abstract: Performance measurement in social enterprises is important; however, up to now, there is no agreement on which tool to use, especially for those in emerging markets. Therefore, this study used a balanced scorecard to quantitatively measure performance of 446 social enterprises in South Africa. The findings show that the adapted perspectives of a balanced scorecard such as customer, organizational learning and growth, finance and internal processes can be used as performance indicators. This study developed and tested an adapted balanced scorecard that can be used as a performance instrument for enterprises that do not have specific measurement tools. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 65-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2018.1561499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2018.1561499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:65-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Handyanto Widjojo Author-X-Name-First: Handyanto Author-X-Name-Last: Widjojo Author-Name: Sandy Gunawan Author-X-Name-First: Sandy Author-X-Name-Last: Gunawan Title: Indigenous Tradition: An Overlooked Encompassing-Factor in Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore and elaborate indigenous tradition as a trigger of social entrepreneurship in specific contexts. Content analysis is conducted regarding the transcripts of four short documentary films and six in-depth interviews. The analysis is performed on the influence of indigenous tradition to community-based social entrepreneurship. The findings demonstrate the role of indigenous tradition as an important factor in Indonesian social entrepreneurship. The implication of this research could be considered by stakeholders to explore indigenous tradition as an initiative for developing social entrepreneurship in rural areas. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 88-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1579752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1579752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:88-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abel Duarte Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Abel Author-X-Name-Last: Duarte Alonso Author-Name: Seng Kok Author-X-Name-First: Seng Author-X-Name-Last: Kok Author-Name: Seamus O’Brien Author-X-Name-First: Seamus Author-X-Name-Last: O’Brien Title: ‘Profit Is Not a Dirty Word’: Social Entrepreneurship and Community Development Abstract: This exploratory study proposes a theoretical framework based on Max Weber's types of rationality to understand the motivations for and operationalization of social entrepreneurship (SE), drawing from the case of Homebaked, an organization operating in Liverpool, UK. Face-to-face interviews with nine Homebaked's members, including management, were complemented by several on-site observations, industry and consulting report reviews. A juxtaposition between entrepreneurship and SE emerged, in that for-profit principles were implemented to drive and achieve objectives of social causes. From a theoretical perspective, a strong connection was revealed between the findings and all four types of rationality, as postulated by Kalberg. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 111-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1579753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1579753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:111-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meng Zhao Author-X-Name-First: Meng Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao Author-Name: Jun Han Author-X-Name-First: Jun Author-X-Name-Last: Han Title: Tensions and Risks of Social Enterprises’ Scaling Strategies: The Case of Microfinance Institutions in China Abstract: The scale-up of social enterprises is usually assumed to bring positive social change. Yet, the negative side, particularly the tensions and risks, in the scaling process is largely ignored. This research aims to explore the tensions and risks related to different scaling strategies. Based on a comparative case study on two leading Chinese microfinance institutions – Grameen China and CFPA Microfinance – that both adopt the Grameen Bank model, this research draws on the lens of institutional logics to understand the microfoundations of five types of tensions and three kinds of risks in the scaling process of the two microfinance institutions. This research provides an integrative framework that captures the nuanced sources, forms and challenges in the scaling of social enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 134-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1604404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1604404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:134-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria L. Granados Author-X-Name-First: Maria L. Author-X-Name-Last: Granados Author-Name: Ainurul Rosli Author-X-Name-First: Ainurul Author-X-Name-Last: Rosli Title: ‘Fitting In’ vs. ‘Standing Out’: How Social Enterprises Engage with Stakeholders to Legitimize their Hybrid Position Abstract: We investigate how social enterprises actively engage with their stakeholders to legitimize their hybrid position in addressing both social and businesses audience. This is particularly important in their effort to capturing stability (expectation to ‘fit in’) within an emerging field and at the same time to address change and growth (expectation to ‘stand out’) with their limited resources, in order to be profitable enterprises, while creating social value. We analyze in-depth interviews with senior members of 21 UK-based social enterprises and we find that for many SEs involved in legitimization exercise through the supportive system, collective system and stakeholders' impression. By outlining the integrated framework on stakeholder engagement for hybrid legitimacy, we found that (i) legitimization exercise through collective sharing of SE identity help to build SE image and legitimize SE socially driven mission, while (ii) legitimization through supportive system (resources and business advantage) help building credibility by demonstrating SE capability to grow economically. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 155-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1604405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1604405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:155-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael J. Roy Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Author-Name: Suzanne Grant Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Grant Title: The Contemporary Relevance of Karl Polanyi to Critical Social Enterprise Scholarship Abstract: The importance of the work of Karl Polanyi to social enterprise scholarship is often maintained. However, explanations as to how and why his ideas are so relevant to the field are still relatively scarce. In this essay, we argue that engaging with Polanyi’s work directly, and Polanyian scholarship more widely, can provide a deep understanding of the underlying assumptions within current social enterprise conceptualizations, and provide insights into how the relative positioning of market and society may be manipulated to maintain hegemonic positions. Three of Polanyi’s key concepts are considered and discussed in turn: the ‘substantive economy’, the notion of ‘embeddedness’, and his ‘double movement’ thesis. The contemporary relevance of each concept, and the implications for future research, are presented and discussed, with a view to providing a platform from which to pursue a reinvigorated, emancipatory critical research agenda. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 177-193 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1621363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1621363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:177-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jo Barraket Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Barraket Title: The Role of Intermediaries in Social Innovation: The Case of Social Procurement in Australia Abstract: Social procurement is receiving renewed attention in new public governance regimes that seek to increase social value by stimulating markets for social enterprises and other social benefit providers. Intermediaries have traditionally played important roles in social procurement. Yet little has been done to codify these roles. In this paper, the functions and effects of an intermediary on buyer and supplier practices in social procurement are examined. Based on a two-year evaluation of a social procurement market development programme in Australia, the paper identifies the shifting functions of the intermediary for buyers, suppliers and the intermediary itself, and the implications of these for understanding social innovation in emergent inter-organizational fields. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 194-214 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1624272 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1624272 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:194-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jun Han Author-X-Name-First: Jun Author-X-Name-Last: Han Author-Name: Sonal Shah Author-X-Name-First: Sonal Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Title: The Ecosystem of Scaling Social Impact: A New Theoretical Framework and Two Case Studies Abstract: This article reviews existing literature on scaling social impact and proposes a new theoretical framework to understand the ecosystem of scaling social impact beyond organizational growth. By searching scale-related keywords extensively, we have identified 107 pieces of literature from 1992 to 2018. We analyze the literature and categorize multiple theoretical frameworks of scaling into five groups (supply-demand model, three-strategy model, spiral model, multi-factor model, and pathway model). We find that each model has overlooked one or several enabling factors of scaling. By synthesizing these factors, we propose a new theoretical framework, namely ‘the ecosystem model of scaling social impact’, which combines six key elements – financing, organizations, technology and data, strategies, institutional infrastructure, and government policy. We apply this framework to analyze two cases, the Rockefeller Foundation and B Lab, which initiated and scaled two global movements of Impact Investing and B Corps and map out key elements and players in the formation of the ecosystems of scaling impact. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 215-239 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1624273 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1624273 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:215-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luc Phan Tan Author-X-Name-First: Luc Phan Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Author-Name: Angelina Nhat Hanh Le Author-X-Name-First: Angelina Nhat Hanh Author-X-Name-Last: Le Author-Name: Lan Pham Xuan Author-X-Name-First: Lan Pham Author-X-Name-Last: Xuan Title: A Systematic Literature Review on Social Entrepreneurial Intention Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is a growing research topic which has recently received much attention; correspondingly, social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) is also a subject of great interest. This paper aims at providing a systematic literature review on SEI that outlines state-of-the-art extant research, clarifies predominant research trends, and subsequently suggests further research directions in the field. A total of 36 papers addressing SEI published between 2010 and 2018 from the Web of Science and Scopus databases are analyzed. The results provide an overall picture of the main areas and themes prevalent in SEI research. Specifically, 36 papers are classified into four main research categories: ‘core model, methodological and theoretical issues’; ‘personal-level factors/variables’; ‘context and institutions’; and ‘the social entrepreneurial intention-to-behaviour process’. The themes and relevant gaps in each of these categories are also identified. In addition, the authors propose research directions to further enhance the understanding of SEI. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 241-256 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1640770 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1640770 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:241-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roksolana Suchowerska Author-X-Name-First: Roksolana Author-X-Name-Last: Suchowerska Author-Name: Jo Barraket Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Barraket Author-Name: Joanne Qian Author-X-Name-First: Joanne Author-X-Name-Last: Qian Author-Name: Chris Mason Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Author-Name: Jane Farmer Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Farmer Author-Name: Gemma Carey Author-X-Name-First: Gemma Author-X-Name-Last: Carey Author-Name: Perri Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Perri Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Andrew Joyce Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Joyce Title: An Organizational Approach to Understanding How Social Enterprises Address Health Inequities: A Scoping Review Abstract: Researchers are turning greater attention to the role of social enterprise in addressing health inequities. However, few studies explicate the organizational features through which social enterprise may improve health equities. This article reports on a scoping study that finds researchers are focusing on understanding the perspectives of target beneficiaries, thus examining the ‘transactional’ organizational features that are most apparent in daily life—including interpersonal relationships and the allocation of tasks. The role of ‘transformational’ features—including organizational strategy and leadership—remain relatively unexamined. Given that the transactional and transformational features of organizations are intertwined, future research should develop holistic analyses of organizations that show how social enterprises improve health equities and health equity outcomes. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 257-281 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1640771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1640771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:257-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shahriar Akter Author-X-Name-First: Shahriar Author-X-Name-Last: Akter Author-Name: Nabila Jamal Author-X-Name-First: Nabila Author-X-Name-Last: Jamal Author-Name: Md Mahfuz Ashraf Author-X-Name-First: Md Mahfuz Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf Author-Name: Grace McCarthy Author-X-Name-First: Grace Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy Author-Name: PS Varsha Author-X-Name-First: PS Author-X-Name-Last: Varsha Title: The Rise of the Social Business in Emerging Economies: A New Paradigm of Development Abstract: Social business has emerged as a sustainable and innovative means to solve emerging social problems. Although it is gaining momentum, there is a paucity of studies on the drivers of social business models and its key success factors. Drawing on a systematic literature review and an in-depth analysis of 31 social businesses in Bangladesh, the study presents eight key drivers and four success factors for a sustainable social business model. The findings show eight key drivers for social business models including customer centricity, quality, social needs, latent demands, incidental gains, innovation through partnerships, inspirations from initiatives and collaborative eco-systems. The findings also report four critical success factors including social goals, collaboration, simplicity and start from home. Overall, this study discusses the scope of developing and sustaining social business models for empowerment, quality of life and economic growth in emerging economies. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 282-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1640772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1640772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:282-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amaya Erro-Garcés Author-X-Name-First: Amaya Author-X-Name-Last: Erro-Garcés Title: Creativity and Emotions as Drivers for Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is closely related to welfare because social welfare emerges when creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship are developed together, creating a ‘cluster of value’ that appears when several value chains are bundled together, resulting in increased employment. This paper presents three cases in which a main character drives a ‘cluster of value’: Father Arizmendiarrieta, Mr Huarte and Mr Pérez ‘Peridis’. Findings show the relevance of emotions, the role of teams and experts that recognize innovations, the relevance of stakeholder wealth and the importance of linking day-to-day challenges to social entrepreneurship, because creativity is closely related to everyday concerns. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 300-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1640773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1640773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:300-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heidi Dahles Author-X-Name-First: Heidi Author-X-Name-Last: Dahles Author-Name: Michiel Verver Author-X-Name-First: Michiel Author-X-Name-Last: Verver Author-Name: Sothy Khieng Author-X-Name-First: Sothy Author-X-Name-Last: Khieng Author-Name: Ireen Manders Author-X-Name-First: Ireen Author-X-Name-Last: Manders Author-Name: Nite Schellens Author-X-Name-First: Nite Author-X-Name-Last: Schellens Title: Scaling Up Social Enterprise: Predicament or Prospect in a Comparative Perspective Abstract: This article focuses on the intricate nature of scaling practices in social enterprise organizations (SEOs). The research is based on case study methodology in two different institutional environments, the Netherlands and Cambodia. Comparing and contrasting these cases, the article raises questions about ways in which the institutional environments affect scaling practices. Whilst Dutch and Cambodian SEOs upscale to address market deficiencies in dissimilar institutional environments, the dominant strategy in both cases is to scale for depth impact. Under neoliberal market logic, both institutional environments converge in creating obstacles for SEOs to fully develop their entrepreneurial potential and contribute to social innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 317-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1641136 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1641136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:317-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melissa L. Intindola Author-X-Name-First: Melissa L. Author-X-Name-Last: Intindola Author-Name: Thomas G. Pittz Author-X-Name-First: Thomas G. Author-X-Name-Last: Pittz Author-Name: Sean Edmund Rogers Author-X-Name-First: Sean Edmund Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers Author-Name: Judith Y. Weisinger Author-X-Name-First: Judith Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Weisinger Title: Partner Selection in Social Entrepreneurship Collectives: How Team Selection Control Can Enhance Satisfaction in Cross-Sector Social Partnerships Abstract: Cross-sector social partnerships (CSSPs) represent a unique form of collective social entrepreneurship. This research explores team selection control – the ability of an entrepreneurial social collective to provide input into the selection of team members – as an important antecedent of team and job satisfaction. Additionally, this study considers the role of justice in moderating these relationships. The role of team selection control was tested in a sample of cross-sector social partnerships spanning all three economic sectors and divergent social objectives. Primary study results indicate that team selection control is important to individuals participating in CSSPs and that perceived levels of justice can moderate the relationships between team selection control and job and team satisfaction. The implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 343-368 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1641137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1641137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:343-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aikaterini Sotiropoulou Author-X-Name-First: Aikaterini Author-X-Name-Last: Sotiropoulou Author-Name: Dimitra Papadimitriou Author-X-Name-First: Dimitra Author-X-Name-Last: Papadimitriou Author-Name: Leonidas Maroudas Author-X-Name-First: Leonidas Author-X-Name-Last: Maroudas Title: Personal Values and Typologies of Social Entrepreneurs. The Case of Greece Abstract: Social entrepreneurs are key actors in the social entrepreneurial process but not much is known about their value-based profile, especially in Greece. The present study identifies personal values held by 226 social entrepreneurs in Greece to determine their motivational basis and the influence of these values on their involvement. Using the Schwartz theory of basic values and using CFA, this paper finds that the most important values held by social entrepreneurs are self transcendence and openness to change. Further cluster analysis reveals four different types of social entrepreneurs based on their personal values namely conservatives, conventionals, pretentious, and prudents. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1668827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1668827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:1-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Mason Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Author-Name: Michael Moran Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Moran Author-Name: Gemma Carey Author-X-Name-First: Gemma Author-X-Name-Last: Carey Title: Never Mind the Buzzwords: Comparing Social Enterprise Policy-Making in the United Kingdom and Australia Abstract: Comparative studies of social enterprise have shown that social enterprise exhibits distinctive characteristics across ‘world regions’. This article uses corpus analysis to empirically explore social enterprise policy in the United Kingdom and Australia. We explore convergence in both datasets by looking at semantic structure, comparing each country’s policy corpus against ‘everyday’ language. This allows a comparison of the convergences between the two datasets (policy discourses) compared to a control (everyday language). Although both are reflective of tropes associated with social policy, we also explore linguistic divergence to unpack the different ways that social enterprise is represented in the respective countries. We find a stronger emphasis on work and employment categories in the UK, which aligns with public policy that has linked social enterprise to local and community development. In Australia, market-oriented categories are emphasized. We argue that policy-makers engage with social enterprise in distinctive ways and that like institutional settings do not necessarily lead to like policy outcomes. These findings illustrate why corpus analysis is an important complementary technique for comparative policy analysis as the approach reveals the discursive nuances – or divergences – between countries. Ultimately, this contributes to long-running debates in policy studies scholarship regarding convergence and divergence among regime types. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 28-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1668828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1668828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:28-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lilian Tauber Author-X-Name-First: Lilian Author-X-Name-Last: Tauber Title: Beyond Homogeneity: Redefining Social Entrepreneurship in Authoritarian Contexts Abstract: This article focuses on how social entrepreneurship and its role in civil society can be understood in the context of authoritarian regimes in developing countries. Through the case study of Jordan, the article demonstrates that there are two types of social enterprises, distinguished by their objectives and functions: structural transformation-based social enterprises and product- and service-oriented social enterprises. Their ability to be self-sustainable, community-responsive organizations is evaluated in the context of the country’s political landscape. The research findings apply to the study of social enterprises across the Middle East and in other developing regions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 50-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1668829 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1668829 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:50-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erica Kim Man Lee Author-X-Name-First: Erica Kim Man Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Ho Lee Author-X-Name-First: Ho Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Chi Hing Kee Author-X-Name-First: Chi Hing Author-X-Name-Last: Kee Author-Name: Chi Hong Kwan Author-X-Name-First: Chi Hong Author-X-Name-Last: Kwan Author-Name: Chui Ha Ng Author-X-Name-First: Chui Ha Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Title: Social Impact Measurement in Incremental Social Innovation Abstract: While social innovation is a growing phenomenon, social impact measurement has also become an important practice in the domain of social innovation. It is because social innovation initiatives are usually funded and those who execute the initiatives are usually held accountable to the funders. There are many approaches to social impact measurement in social innovation and no professional standards need to be adhered to. It is up to those who fund and those who are funded to come up with a consensus on what should be measured in the social impact measurement (SIM) exercise. Also, little research has focused on the conceptual nature of social impact measurement in the domain of social innovation. To fill this gap in the literature, an exploratory study was conducted in a bid to reveal theoretical insight into the conceptual nature of SIM in the domain of social innovation. This study makes a reference to Nicholls’ three levels of social innovation in decomposing social innovation. This paper proposes that utilization-focused evaluation be used as a conceptual principle of social impact measurement in incremental social innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 69-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1668830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1668830 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:69-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jane Farmer Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Farmer Author-Name: Tracy De Cotta Author-X-Name-First: Tracy Author-X-Name-Last: De Cotta Author-Name: Sue Kilpatrick Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Kilpatrick Author-Name: Jo Barraket Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Barraket Author-Name: Michael Roy Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Author-Name: Sarah-Anne Munoz Author-X-Name-First: Sarah-Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Munoz Title: How Work Integration Social Enterprises Help to Realize Capability: A Comparison of Three Australian Settings Abstract: Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are a response to reconfiguring social support for disadvantaged people. Here, theory and methodology from social geography were applied, to consider capability realized in/by three Australian regional city WISEs. Data were gathered using observation and interviews with supervisors and employees. Coding identified capability, then analyzed by physicality, people, narratives and practices to explore how WISEs ‘assemble’ capability. Comparing across cases highlighted elements that contribute to capability realization. Evidence generated reveals features of work and organization design that might be deployed to enhance capability realization. Social geographical approaches provide insights into how social enterprises generate value. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 87-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1671481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1671481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:87-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juanie N. Walker Author-X-Name-First: Juanie N. Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: Heet J. Ghodasara Author-X-Name-First: Heet J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ghodasara Title: Transformational Development and Social Capital: Jaipur Rugs and Gram Vikas on Both Sides of the Threshold Abstract: Transformational development occurs on both sides of the domestic threshold at two Indian social enterprises using constitutive communication practices that leverage social capital rooted in traditional Indian values. At Jaipur Rugs, it occurs with social capital belonging and mutuality; bonding, bridging, and linking through the founder family; and ‘conversation’ of family blessing scaled into material ‘text’ of weaver-inspired rug designs. At Gram Vikas, social capital is cultivated in women’s ‘uncontested areas’ of domestic life with structural opportunities and civic literacy; cognition and structure in bonding, bridging and linking ties; and four flows (membership negotiation, self-structuring, activity coordination, and institutional positioning). Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 110-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1671482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1671482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:110-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia A. Hodge Author-X-Name-First: Patricia A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hodge Author-Name: Ana Carla Bon Author-X-Name-First: Ana Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Bon Author-Name: Marcos Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Marcos Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Fabiane Turisco Author-X-Name-First: Fabiane Author-X-Name-Last: Turisco Title: The Quest for Sustainable Communities in Isolated and in Urban Settings Abstract: Intermediaries such as NGOs have a key role in promoting socioeconomic development of poor and marginalised communities. In this quest for positive social change, entrepreneurship and the fostering of an entrepreneurial culture have been advocated as a means to allow endurance of social programmes once intermediaries leave the community. The aim of this study was to unveil the circumstances which facilitate or inhibit the institutional work of intermediaries for social change, combining institutional entrepreneurship and social capital theories. The research focussed on the work of a Brazilian NGO in two different contexts: in an isolated rural community in the Amazon basin, and in a favela in Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil. Through multiple case study analysis and interviewing both NGO project managers and community beneficiaries on project results and challenges, this study sheds light on how the existence of a community logic helps achieving goals of socioeconomic development by taking entrepreneurial actions, and how this community logic is affected by geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of each community. This study adds to previous academic research showing the role community leaders have in building on community’s assets and on intermediaries’ assistance to change their social reality. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 132-154 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1683876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683876 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:132-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khotso Tsotsotso Author-X-Name-First: Khotso Author-X-Name-Last: Tsotsotso Title: Is Programme Evaluation the Same as Social Impact Measurement? Abstract: This study provides an analysis of the practical and theoretical differences in Social Impact Measurements (SIM) – as defined and is core to Impact Investing – and Programme Evaluation (PE) used in Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The study is the result of an inspiring effort to converge experiences of both Impact Investment practitioners and investment managers, with those of Programme Evaluators and M&E specialists. A meeting during the AEA’s (American Evaluation Association) ImpaCon conference in Atlanta in 2017. The effort was to facilitate co-learning in order to improve and grow the Impact Investing industry. The study analyses qualitative survey responses from a purposively selected panel of experts including: experienced SIM practitioners and scholars, impact investment managers, programme evaluators and evaluation scholars. Responses are deductively analysed to provide thematic reactions to the research questions. Even though there is a common theoretical intent to determine intervention worth in both SIM and PE, and a common adherence to principles of evaluative thinking; the study concludes that there are clear theoretical and practical differences in participatory and utilisation approach, efficiency and rigour. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 155-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1683877 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683877 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:155-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Behnam Abedin Author-X-Name-First: Behnam Author-X-Name-Last: Abedin Author-Name: Brittany Maloney Author-X-Name-First: Brittany Author-X-Name-Last: Maloney Author-Name: Jason Watson Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Watson Title: Benefits and Challenges Associated with Using Online Communities by Social Enterprises: A Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Interviews Abstract: Social Enterprises (SEs) have gained a considerable amount of attention during last decade in entrepreneurship sector. This paper aims to investigate the benefits and challenges associated with the use of online communities (OCs) by actors in SE sector for value co-creation. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with actors derived primarily from 4 Facebook OCs dedicated for SEs. Results demonstrate that the benefits of using OCs include increased accessibility, time and cost effectiveness, increased responsiveness, accessing to a network of connections, and resource exchange opportunities. However, the challenges include time-consuming, budget, lack of capacity, inadequate moderation, fragmentation of efforts, and inactivity. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 197-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1683879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683879 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:197-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Ali Ashraf Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf Title: “Is Old Gold?” the Role of Prior Experience in Exploring the Determinants of Islamic Social Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence from Bangladesh Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of Islamic social entrepreneurial intentions (ISEI) in the context of Bangladesh. Specifically, how do empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy and perceived social support influence Islamic social entrepreneurial intentions through the mediation of prior experience of individual? To answer this question, a theoretical framework using the theory of social entrepreneurial intentions provided (TSEI) by Mair and Noboa as its basis was established. Using measurement scales created to assess different aspects of the constructs, a survey instrument was developed to test the various relationships implied by ISEI. Data (n = 249) were collected following random sampling procedure from a business school at a private university in Bangladesh. Data were analysed using the procedure of structural equation modelling. Findings show that prior experience both directly and indirectly predicts Islamic social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has both the largest impact on intentions as well as on prior experience. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 265-290 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1702580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1702580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:265-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patient Rambe Author-X-Name-First: Patient Author-X-Name-Last: Rambe Author-Name: Takawira Munyaradzi Ndofirepi Author-X-Name-First: Takawira Munyaradzi Author-X-Name-Last: Ndofirepi Title: Explaining Social Entrepreneurial Intentions among College Students in Zimbabwe Abstract: While definitional clarity of social entrepreneurship as constituting a semblance of economic engagements that straddle entrepreneurial studies, social innovation and not for profit ventures had been established, the antecedents of such entrepreneurship are only beginning to emerge. This study tests moral obligation, empathy, self-efficacy and social support as main determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions in the depressed economy of Zimbabwe, where the pursuit of economic gains at a personal level is anticipated to thrive. The study employed the Mair and Naboa model, a quantitative approach, and survey design to explore the influence of the aforementioned antecedents on the social entrepreneurial intentions of a sample of 284 vocational training college students. Results suggest that only empathy, self-efficacy and social support had statistically significant relationships with social entrepreneurial intentions. Notably, social support had a negative predictive relationship with social entrepreneurial intentions. The outcome of the study partially validates the Mair and Naboa model. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 175-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1683878 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683878 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:175-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goodluck Charles Author-X-Name-First: Goodluck Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Title: Sustainability of Social Enterprises Involved in Waste Collection and Recycling Activities: Lessons from Tanzania Abstract: This article investigates how social enterprises providing waste collection and recycling services overcame start-up challenges and sustain their operations. Based on analysis of five cases in Tanzania, it is evident that waste collection and recycling enterprises start as entrepreneurial entities driven by the opportunity to fill the service delivery gap left by the state. Although the enterprises studied have had a social impact, they have experienced several challenges, including limited access to resources, negative perception of their activities, competition, unsupportive policies, unreliable supply of raw materials, dishonesty of staff and/or waste pickers and poor working conditions. However, the enterprises sustained themselves through good management, engaging the right teams, supporting waste pickers, marketing and networking, developing their skills, using appropriate technology, reinvesting their earnings, diversifying and being members of cooperatives. The article contributes to knowledge by combining the traditional entrepreneurship and socio-environmental entrepreneurship perspectives to explore the sustainability of waste collection and recycling enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 219-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1686712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1686712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:219-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milana Yaari Author-X-Name-First: Milana Author-X-Name-Last: Yaari Author-Name: Edith Blit-Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Edith Author-X-Name-Last: Blit-Cohen Author-Name: Rivka Savaya Author-X-Name-First: Rivka Author-X-Name-Last: Savaya Title: Hybrid Organizational Culture: The Case of Social Enterprises Abstract: In order to deepen the understanding of how social enterprises manage the tension between considerations of profit and well-being, the organizations were examined through theories from the field of organizational culture. In this article, research findings that indicate the unique characteristics of the organizational culture in WISE organizations are presented. The findings elicit two organizational models that depict the interface between the business and social orientations. Additionally, a model was developed to present parameters that support a hybrid organizational culture, which include: the vision of the entrepreneur, a hybrid staff, complementary practices, interorganizational relationships, and characteristics of a ‘learning organization’. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 291-313 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1702581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1702581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:291-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bastian Thomsen Author-X-Name-First: Bastian Author-X-Name-Last: Thomsen Author-Name: Olav Muurlink Author-X-Name-First: Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Muurlink Author-Name: Talitha Best Author-X-Name-First: Talitha Author-X-Name-Last: Best Title: Backpack Bootstrapping: Social Entrepreneurship Education Through Experiential Learning Abstract: This paper addresses a gap in the literature regarding social entrepreneurship education through an exploratory study that leverages three separate, but distinct experiential learning projects. Students were randomly assigned into three separate groups: action-research, service learning, and a ‘traditional’ new social enterprise venture. All three approaches fostered student development and social entrepreneurial skill building. However, experiential learning (action research and service-learning) placed a greater emphasis on student comprehension of the subject matter in relation to the weight of responsibility they experienced by partnering with third-party organisations outside the classroom, compared to the traditional new venture approach. The findings indicate that experiential learning is an optimal conduit to student maturity when coupled with self-reflection and class discussion. The term backpack bootstrapping is introduced to illustrate how students rapidly learn by taking on a real but manageable weight of responsibility they assign to themselves. This study is original for its approach to incorporating student voices to gauge how their learning may be enhanced to improve social entrepreneurship education. Although it is an exploratory study and limited in its scope (26 students over one semester), it provides a basis for further research using experiential learning models in social entrepreneurship education. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 238-264 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1689155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1689155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:238-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard J. Arend Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. Author-X-Name-Last: Arend Title: Modelling Social Entrepreneurship: Consideration of the Reacting Forces Abstract: The field of social entrepreneurship has taken off with the explosive growth of different versions of the phenomena, like micro-credit, and with greater support, as from Ashoka and the Gates Foundation, but it remains lagging in theoretical understanding. We build upon the model of social entrepreneurship as a four unit system. We generate four new propositions based on existing theory describing social entrepreneurship as addressing market failures and as a behavioural process. Specifically, our propositions summarise our analysis of how the context and targets of social entrepreneurship activity co-evolve in the system, actively affecting outcomes initiated by social entrepreneurs’ behaviours. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 399-416 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1718744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1718744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:399-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgios Chatzichristos Author-X-Name-First: Georgios Author-X-Name-Last: Chatzichristos Author-Name: Nikolaos Nagopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaos Author-X-Name-Last: Nagopoulos Title: Regional Institutional Arenas for Social Innovation: A Mixed Methods Research Abstract: Social innovation is conceptualised as having two intimately related pillars: institutional innovation and locally embedded innovation, in the sense of social economy. Two main research questions were addressed: how political, institutional innovation is fostered and how does it influence social economy? A mixed methods research was conducted in the Mühlviertel NUTS3 region. Despite a framework of enhanced autonomy and institutional innovation for the main stakeholders, both macro and micro analysis illustrate a lack of intermediate space to: a) link the innovative agenda to high-state political agendas, and b) link institutional innovation to social economy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 315-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2019.1705378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2019.1705378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:315-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Helen Salavou Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Salavou Author-Name: Sandra Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: Towards a Typology of Social Enterprises Based on Performance: Some New Evidence Abstract: This study deals with the first empirical study on a performance typology of social enterprises (SEs). Based upon a sample of 61 Greek SEs, the empirical findings outline how the group of ‘Impact Maximisers’ (43 SEs) performs better than the group of ‘Social Missionaries’ (18 SEs). This paper goes beyond the evident focus on qualitative research and practice within the social entrepreneurship field. By discussing how different dimensions shed light on the performance potential of SEs in a European country, where they grow exponentially, this study serves as a bellwether for performance comparisons across Europe. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 380-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1718743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1718743 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:380-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: You Ning Lee Author-X-Name-First: You Ning Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Suhaiza Zailani Author-X-Name-First: Suhaiza Author-X-Name-Last: Zailani Author-Name: Muhammad Khalilur Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Khalilur Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Title: Determinants of Customer Intention to Purchase Social Enterprise Products: A Structural Model Analysis Abstract: This study aims to examine the determinants of customers’ intention to purchase social enterprise products. The data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 360 respondents from consumers of social enterprise products (MyPride products) sold by current prisoners in Malaysia. Using the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) technique, the effect of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on consumers’ intention to purchase products were explored based on Ajzen’s Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB). The findings reveal that the strongest relationship was found between attitudes and consumers’ intention to purchase products, followed by the subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. This study provides new insights into the TPB and customers’ intention to purchase products made by prisoners. The findings are valuable to social enterprise products and other social enterprises to improve their products based on the customers’ insights. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 358-379 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1718742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1718742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:358-379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marios Trigkas Author-X-Name-First: Marios Author-X-Name-Last: Trigkas Author-Name: Maria Partalidou Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Partalidou Author-Name: Dimitra Lazaridou Author-X-Name-First: Dimitra Author-X-Name-Last: Lazaridou Title: Trust and Other Historical Proxies of Social Capital: Do They Matter in Promoting Social Entrepreneurship in Greek Rural Areas? Abstract: The aim of the research is to discuss methodological issues that could be learned from the use of historical terms such as trust and social capital in a rural area. We hope to gain knowledge from discussing these old concepts in a new setting; a mountainous rural area in Greece. The basic hypothesis lies in the fact that social capital can be detected through trustworthy relationships, which, in turn, can nourish social entrepreneurship. The research sought to disclose the dynamics in the area that will then help to form a policy proposal for promoting Social Economy in rural areas. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 338-357 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1718741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1718741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:338-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agnieszka Żur Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka Author-X-Name-Last: Żur Title: Entrepreneurial Identity and Social-Business Tensions – The Experience of Social Entrepreneurs Abstract: While much research has been devoted to the study of how social entrepreneurs manage social-business tensions inherent when pursuing dual missions, we know very little on what determines the ways that they address this challenge. Building on Fauchart and Gruber’s classification of three pure types of entrepreneurial social identities, this study applies a qualitative approach to explore the interplay between entrepreneurial identity and the handling of social-business tensions. The aim of the study is twofold: first, to identify social entrepreneurs’ self-perceived identity, and second, to explore its potential relationship with social-business tensions. Findings reveal that social entrepreneurs exhibit hybrid identities of all three pure identity types. In handling social business tensions, however, they tend to develop new meta-role identities, acting as intermediaries between their organisations and the market, and between actors from different sectors. Additionally, the study identified push and pull factors, which play a role in the gradual process of self-perceived identity modification. These findings offer fresh insights into the entrepreneurial identity and social entrepreneurship literature and expand our understanding of the micro-foundations of social entrepreneurs’ managerial choices. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 438-461 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1740297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1740297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:438-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Teasdale Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Teasdale Author-Name: Michael J. Roy Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Author-Name: Rafael Ziegler Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Ziegler Author-Name: Stefanie Mauksch Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Mauksch Author-Name: Pascal Dey Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Author-X-Name-Last: Dey Author-Name: Emmanuel B. Raufflet Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel B. Author-X-Name-Last: Raufflet Title: Everyone a Changemaker? Exploring the Moral Underpinnings of Social Innovation Discourse Through Real Utopias Abstract: The term ‘social innovation’ has come to gather all manner of meanings from policymakers and politicians across the political spectrum. But while actors may unproblematically unite around a broad perspective of social innovation as bringing about (positive) social change, we rarely see evidence of a shared vision for the kind of social change that social innovation ought to bring about. Taking inspiration from methods that recognise the utopian thinking inherent in the social innovation concept, we draw upon Erik Olin Wright’s concept of ‘real utopias’ to investigate the moral underpinnings inherent in the public statements of Ashoka, one of the most prominent social innovation actors operating in the world today. We seek to animate discussion on the moral principles that guide social innovation discourse through examining the problems that Ashoka is trying to solve through social innovation, the world they are striving to create, and the strategies they propose to realise their vision. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 417-437 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1738532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1738532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:417-437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafał Kusa Author-X-Name-First: Rafał Author-X-Name-Last: Kusa Author-Name: Katarzyna Dębkowska Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna Author-X-Name-Last: Dębkowska Title: Identifying Internationalisation Profiles of Social Entrepreneurs Utilising Multidimensional Statistical Analysis Abstract: In this paper, internationalisation of social enterprises is examined with multidimensional statistical methods: a correspondence analysis and cluster analyses. The results show that (1) organisations that sell products operate as social enterprises or business enterprises, while those that provide a solution for free tend to operate as charities or associations; (2) entities providing a solution for free tend to operate in several markets and transfer knowledge and goods; (3) organisations that help to start a new business work as charities, associations, foundations; (4) organisations that help in running an existing business tend to operate as social or business enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 29-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1751246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1751246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:29-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felicia Naatu Author-X-Name-First: Felicia Author-X-Name-Last: Naatu Author-Name: Ilan Alon Author-X-Name-First: Ilan Author-X-Name-Last: Alon Author-Name: Rehema Uwamahoro Author-X-Name-First: Rehema Author-X-Name-Last: Uwamahoro Title: Micro-Franchising in the Bottom of the Pyramid Market: Rwanda Abstract: This study examines how a mission-driven shared identification can help mitigate the failure of a micro-franchise in Rwanda, a bottom of the pyramid market. A single case study was adopted following Gioia’s established analytical process. Interviews, semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted between the period of 2018 and 2019. It was found that, a mission-driven shared identification can be achieved if a micro-franchisor promotes a culture of sharing and perceived organisational support among micro-franchisees. Also, an alliance with the government or its endorsement is necessary in encouraging franchisees to identify with a micro-franchisor. Furthermore, in a collectivist culture, if a micro-franchisor succeeds in establishing shared identification, the franchisees are very likely to remain loyal in times of crisis. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 71-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1755347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1755347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:71-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Preeti Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Preeti Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: Anil K. Bhat Author-X-Name-First: Anil K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhat Author-Name: Jyoti Tikoria Author-X-Name-First: Jyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Tikoria Title: Mediating Role of Prosocial Motivation in Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Abstract: The aim of this research study to identify the role of empathy, moral judgement and social entrepreneurial education in predicting social entrepreneurial intention. And also test the mediating effect of prosocial motivation in this relationship. Through the survey, primary sample data of 755 nascent social entrepreneurs were used to test the hypotheses. The hypothesised moderated mediation condition was supported as results suggest that prosocial motivation mediated the relationship between antecedents and social entrepreneurial intentions. Besides this social entrepreneurial education showed a strong direct relationship with social entrepreneurial intentions. These findings strengthen the argument which states that there is a great need from policy, educators and universities to start courses that can imbibe the feeling of empathy. And also support system to motivates students to go for social entrepreneurship as a career choice. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 118-141 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1755993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1755993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:118-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katrin Schaefer Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Schaefer Author-Name: Kate Kearins Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Kearins Author-Name: Patricia Doyle Corner Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Doyle Author-X-Name-Last: Corner Title: How Social Entrepreneurs’ Inner Realities Shape Value Creation Abstract: This paper empirically examines how social entrepreneurs’ inner realities – thoughts, feelings, self-awareness – shape the entrepreneurial value creation process. A qualitative research design was used to induce theory. Evidence shows social entrepreneurs engaged in practices that increased awareness of both positive and negative aspects of their inner realities. Positive aspects tended to enable generative value creation mechanisms and lead to positive social/environmental outcomes; negative aspects tended to interfere and lead to unintended negative outcomes. Key contributions include a fuller picture of the value creation process from multiple levels – individual, enterprise, wider environment – while considering social entrepreneurs’ exterior and interior dimensions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 51-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1753800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1753800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:51-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matilda Maseno Author-X-Name-First: Matilda Author-X-Name-Last: Maseno Author-Name: Caroline Wanyoike Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Wanyoike Title: Social Entrepreneurship as Mechanisms for Social Transformation and Social Impact in East Africa An Exploratory Case Study Perspective Abstract: This study provides an analysis of 10 cases of social entrepreneurs who are also current Ashoka fellows and operate within the East African region. The article suggests characteristics associated with social enterprises, particularly those that lead to significant changes in the social, economic and political contexts for poor and marginalised groups. It generates propositions about fundamental innovations, leadership and operation, and scaling up in social enterprises that produces sustainable impact. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications for social entrepreneurial practice, research, and continuous development. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 92-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1755348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1755348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:92-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philipp Erpf Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Erpf Author-Name: Eglė Butkevičienė Author-X-Name-First: Eglė Author-X-Name-Last: Butkevičienė Author-Name: Raminta Pučėtaitė Author-X-Name-First: Raminta Author-X-Name-Last: Pučėtaitė Title: Between de Jure and de Facto: Embedding Western Concepts of Social Entrepreneurship in Post-Socialist Reality Abstract: This article takes a historical perspective to explain the development of the concept of social entrepreneurship, divergence between the forms of social enterprises (SEs) de jure and de facto in a post-Socialist society and approaches to typical tensions experienced by SEs as hybrid organisations. In this respect, the paper presents a framework of eight contrasting conceptual dimensions (i.e. possible institutional tensions) based on the analysis of prior social entrepreneurship studies and identifies respective tensions experienced by SEs based on data from Lithuania. The data were generated from semi-structured interviews (N = 11) with social entrepreneurship experts and from a survey with a semantic differential method in a sample of the participants (N = 98) in the largest conference on social entrepreneurship in Lithuania. This study concludes that understandings of social entrepreneurship in Lithuania are blurred by a dichotomy between SEs de jure and de facto which is set by current legal acts. The findings also indicate that social entrepreneurship insiders no longer perceive any controversy between social mission and businesslike activities. However, external attitudes as expressed in experts’ interviews may still hinder SEs’ attainment of social impact, one of the three dimensions (founding motives and innovation types being the other two) that is little reflected by social entrepreneurship insiders of a post-Socialist society in which the phenomenon is at a nascent stage. Directions for further research to bring contribution to institutional theory are suggested. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1751245 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1751245 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:1-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bogdan Prokopovych Author-X-Name-First: Bogdan Author-X-Name-Last: Prokopovych Author-Name: Ina Ganguli Author-X-Name-First: Ina Author-X-Name-Last: Ganguli Title: Social Artrepreneurship and Collectives: Lessons for Social Entrepreneurs from the Wanderers Art Movement in Imperial Russia Abstract: We draw on a hybrid organisation of artists in Imperial Russia to examine the experience of ‘social artrepreneurs’ – artists who pursued both social and commercial goals. Using contemporary theories of organisation, we argue that a key feature of this organisation – the collective of artists – helped in connecting means and ends while balancing hybridity through the process of partial organising. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on how organisations deal with hybridity challenges by exploring the means-ends perspective at the level of an organisation. It highlights the use of partial organising for balancing social and commercial pursuits. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 278-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1779788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1779788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:278-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleanor Meda Chipeta Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Meda Author-X-Name-Last: Chipeta Author-Name: Robert Venter Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Venter Author-Name: Philipp Kruse Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Kruse Title: Measuring the Role of Reductive Bias in Social Enterprise Formation: Development and Validation of a Social Entrepreneurial Intention Bias Scale Abstract: Social entrepreneurship (SE) has become a global phenomenon that is increasingly receiving institutional support as a business model designed to address social problems. However, despite having a global presence, enthusiasm for SE has run ahead of its scientific enquiry. As the field is still developing, the empirical nature of SE research has become a major cause for concern. Consequently, the target for this current study was twofold: Firstly, to propose and validate a scale to measure social entrepreneurial intention bias (SEI-Bias) using a German and a South African sample of university students (Ntotal=595). Secondly, to identify patterns of social entrepreneurial antecedents among people with a high SEI-Bias compared to people with a low SEI-Bias. Applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and correlation analysis, to develop and validate a robust SE intention bias scale comprising of three Reductive Bias (RB)-facets. Furthermore, based on a rather low or high level of each of the three RB-facets, significant differences were found in the level to which RB influences SE intention. Additionally, an outline of the implications and limitations of our findings as well as recommendations for future practice were made. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 164-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1758196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1758196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:164-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nader Naderi Author-X-Name-First: Nader Author-X-Name-Last: Naderi Author-Name: Ehsan Khosravi Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan Author-X-Name-Last: Khosravi Author-Name: Hossein Azadi Author-X-Name-First: Hossein Author-X-Name-Last: Azadi Author-Name: Faranak Karamian Author-X-Name-First: Faranak Author-X-Name-Last: Karamian Author-Name: Ants-Hannes Viira Author-X-Name-First: Ants-Hannes Author-X-Name-Last: Viira Author-Name: Halil Nadiri Author-X-Name-First: Halil Author-X-Name-Last: Nadiri Title: Barriers to Developing Social Entrepreneurship in NGOs: Application of Grounded Theory in Western Iran Abstract: The most appropriate type of entrepreneurship to achieve the goals of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is social entrepreneurship (SE). However, the NGOs face many barriers in their SE that should be studied. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the barriers to development of SE in NGOs of Kermanshah province in Western Iran using a qualitative paradigm along with the method of grounded theory. Using purposeful and theoretical sampling, 12 cases were selected. The techniques used for data collection were open questionnaires (unstructured), individual depth interviews, and taking notes. The findings showed that the most important barriers to the development of SE in NGOs of Kermanshah province include cultural-social, economic, educational, infrastructure, communication-information, management, psychological, legal-policy, and supportive barriers. These barriers have resulted in the phenomenon of SE underdevelopment among NGOs of Kermanshah province. Moreover, these barriers have played a major role in the failure of the process of solving the social problems of the province of Kermanshah, which eventually has led to the underdevelopment of its status. These barriers should be controlled, adjusted, or even eliminated. Finally, based on the findings and in order to overcome these barriers, some recommendations were presented. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 221-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1765409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1765409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:221-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristjana Jace Author-X-Name-First: Kristjana Author-X-Name-Last: Jace Author-Name: Dimitrios Koumanakos Author-X-Name-First: Dimitrios Author-X-Name-Last: Koumanakos Author-Name: Athanasios Tsagkanos Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios Author-X-Name-Last: Tsagkanos Title: Bankruptcy Prediction in Social Enterprises Abstract: Traditional bankruptcy literature focuses on commercial enterprises for identifying the strongest variables and models to predict the bankruptcy outcomes. In this study, for the first time, we exploit a large dataset of European bankrupt and healthy social enterprises (SE’s) in order to identify the crucial factors that affect the survival of this growing and distinguishable legal form. Combined with the goal of achieving optimal predictive accuracy, we rely on Random Utility Models (RUM) emphasising a new methodology: the Bootstrap Mixed Logit (BMXL). In contrast to what has been found for commercial enterprises, empirical results here indicate that certain organisational features such as the board and workforce size may have a different impact on the probability of SE’s bankruptcy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 205-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1763438 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1763438 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:205-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Styliani Graikioti Author-X-Name-First: Styliani Author-X-Name-Last: Graikioti Author-Name: Despoina Sdrali Author-X-Name-First: Despoina Author-X-Name-Last: Sdrali Author-Name: Olympia Klimi Kaminari Author-X-Name-First: Olympia Author-X-Name-Last: Klimi Kaminari Title: Factors Determining the Sustainability of Social Cooperative Enterprises in the Greek Context Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the factors contributing to the sustainability of Social Cooperative enterprises in Greece as these were perceived by the social entrepreneurs themselves. A survey was conducted using closed-ended questions.Exploratory analysis showed that integrated support was considered as the most important factor contributing to the sustainability of Social Cooperative enterprises. Furthermore, networking, awareness - raising and publicity were considered to be of much importance for the sustainability of them. The current study adds to the knowledge regarding the perspectives of Greek social entrepreneurs and to the body of much-needed quantitative research. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 183-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1758197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1758197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:183-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julia C. Naranjo-Valencia Author-X-Name-First: Julia C. Author-X-Name-Last: Naranjo-Valencia Author-Name: Ana C. Ocampo-Wilches Author-X-Name-First: Ana C. Author-X-Name-Last: Ocampo-Wilches Author-Name: Luis F. Trujillo-Henao Author-X-Name-First: Luis F. Author-X-Name-Last: Trujillo-Henao Title: From Social Entrepreneurship to Social Innovation: The Role of Social Capital. Study Case in Colombian Rural Communities Victim of Armed Conflict Abstract: How social entrepreneurship can become social innovation has been little studied, even less in the rural context. This document poses that social entrepreneurship generate different types of capital as they integrate into a social network, and it is that social capital that allows it to become a successful social innovation. Applying a social capital approach to two social enterprises (or social entrepreneurship) study cases, from Colombian rural communities victims of armed conflict, shows how social enterprises integrated into social networks achieve two significant outcomes. On one side, generate interactive and collective learning and institutional change, and on other, favour determinants of social innovation, thus incrementing and reconfiguring social entrepreneurs’ capabilities leading to social innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 244-277 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1770317 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1770317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:244-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virginie Arantes Author-X-Name-First: Virginie Author-X-Name-Last: Arantes Title: Transforming or Complying? The Rise of Social Enterprises in Shanghai Abstract: Since the so-called ‘association revolution’, which had brought about an exponential development of NGOs in China, the rise of Social Enterprises (SE) seem to mark a new turn. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, the following article aims to understand whether the growing hybridisation of civil society involved in the development of SEs represents a global trend or a reaction to the Central State new policies. Research findings show that the elasticity of a SE identity can help organisations adapt to shifts in the macro-level political discourse of authoritarian regimes. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 143-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1758195 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1758195 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:143-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1788122_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kai Roland Green Author-X-Name-First: Kai Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Green Title: Dis/Ability Arts and Systemic Innovation in the UK and Sweden Abstract: This paper explores the normative and epistemic effects of dis/ability arts organisations in the UK and Sweden, when theorised as systemic innovations. Using an aesthetic philosophy of kynicism, this paper identifies disruptive potential in three case-study organisations within the settings of health, social care, and the arts. Data from interviews and/or presentations with managers from Moomsteatern (SE), Teater Interakt (SE), and Breathe Magic (UK) is analysed within a 'social model' of dis/ability, and finds the existing discourse of innovation inadequate. The resulting discussion identifies validations of the speech, expertise and bodily autonomy of persons of dis/abilities within hybrid organisational settings. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 366-389 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1788122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1788122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:366-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1806100_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mikkel Munksgaard Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Mikkel Munksgaard Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Author-Name: Rasmus Dilling-Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Rasmus Author-X-Name-Last: Dilling-Hansen Author-Name: Anne Vorre Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Anne Vorre Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Title: Expanding the Concept of Social Impact Bonds Abstract: This article elaborates on the emerging concept of social impact bonds (SIB) by investigating the configuration of a SIB in a new empirical setting – Scandinavia. The analysis is based on a single case study of a SIB-development project in Denmark, which constitutes the first attempt to build a social impact bond in the country. The article investigates four elements of the SIB-model: 1) the configuration of roles and responsibilities, 2) service provision, 3) payment structure, and 4) evaluation. The findings show the existence of blurred boundaries between organisational stakeholders within the investigated SIB-programme, indicating a dynamic configuration of roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, both service provision and data collection procedures were conducted in close collaboration with the involved public authorities, implying an interdependent relationship between public authorities and external partners. Thus, the empirical findings indicate a divergence from traditional concepts of social impact bonds – specifically concerning their design and development. Empirical evidence has been collected through interviews, statistical data, and internal documents. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 390-407 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1806100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1806100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:390-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1782971_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Phan Tan Luc Author-X-Name-First: Phan Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Luc Author-Name: Pham Xuan Lan Author-X-Name-First: Pham Author-X-Name-Last: Xuan Lan Author-Name: Angelina Nhat Hanh Le Author-X-Name-First: Angelina Author-X-Name-Last: Nhat Hanh Le Author-Name: Bui Thanh Trang Author-X-Name-First: Bui Author-X-Name-Last: Thanh Trang Title: A Co-Citation and Co-Word Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Research Abstract: This article aims to provide the intellectual structure and the evolution of research themes in social entrepreneurship. The authors deploy co-citation and co-word analyses to scrutinise 1278 social entrepreneurship research from the Web of Science database. In the co-citation analysis, five themes in social entrepreneurship are identified. These include the concept development of social entrepreneurship and social enterprise; bricolage and issues related to management in social entrepreneurship; opportunity recognition, motivation and intention; social innovation in social entrepreneurship; and institutional contexts. After that, the co-word analysis is used to comprehend the evolution of each research theme and to uncover potential future research directions. This research contributes to social entrepreneurship literature by combining co-citation analysis and keyword analysis to determine the literature structure and potential research directions. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 324-339 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1782971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1782971 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:324-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1880466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nadine Hietschold Author-X-Name-First: Nadine Author-X-Name-Last: Hietschold Author-Name: Christian Voegtlin Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Voegtlin Title: Blinded by a Social Cause? Differences in Cognitive Biases between Social and Commercial Entrepreneurs Abstract: How are social entrepreneurs different from commercial entrepreneurs? This study sheds light on this issue by applying the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition and by arguing that social entrepreneurs are even more susceptible to cognitive biases than commercial entrepreneurs. The empirical study of 205 Swiss entrepreneurs could confirm that social entrepreneurs tend to be more overconfident and prone to escalation of commitment than commercial entrepreneurs, while the study found no differences for illusion of control. The findings indicate that cognitive biases are an important puzzle piece to understand the differences between social and commercial entrepreneurs. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 431-452 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1880466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1880466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:431-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1806101_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Julianna Kiss Author-X-Name-First: Julianna Author-X-Name-Last: Kiss Author-Name: Henriett Primecz Author-X-Name-First: Henriett Author-X-Name-Last: Primecz Author-Name: Andrea Toarniczky Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Toarniczky Title: Patterns of Inclusion: Social Enterprises Targeting Different Vulnerable Social Groups in Hungary Abstract: Social enterprises (SEs) have often been regarded as a solution for improving the situations of vulnerable social groups such as women, the Roma and people with disabilities. However, how SEs in practice foster inclusion remains under-researched in Hungary and internationally as well. This paper examines the objectives, activities and operations of and barriers to SEs targeting vulnerable social groups. According to the findings, the initiatives aimed at achieving inclusion focus on providing missing services, building the community and work integration, targeting both the vulnerable groups themselves and the majority society. However, external barriers make the operations of many SEs minimal and unsustainable. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 408-430 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1806101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1806101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:408-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1779789_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Brett R. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Brett R. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Joshua R. Knapp Author-X-Name-First: Joshua R. Author-X-Name-Last: Knapp Author-Name: Benedetto L. Cannatelli Author-X-Name-First: Benedetto L. Author-X-Name-Last: Cannatelli Title: Entrepreneurship at the Base of the Pyramid: The Moderating Role of Person-Facilitator Fit and Poverty Alleviation Abstract: Facilitating entrepreneurship through micro-credit, micro-franchise, and micro-consignment potentially helps to alleviate desperate poverty. However, the effectiveness of these facilitators have varied from positive outcomes of poverty alleviation to negative outcomes of increased debt. Therefore, we seek to understand: how and why are different facilitators of entrepreneurial activity at the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) relatively more effective at alleviating poverty? Building on the foundation of person-entrepreneurship fit, we introduce the construct of person-facilitator fit and develop propositions about how and why the fit between entrepreneurs and the different facilitators of entrepreneurship may influence poverty alleviation. Specifically, using a remediation perspective, we explicate how the demands-abilities and needs-supplies fit between an entrepreneur and the different facilitators of micro-credit, micro-franchise and micro-consignment moderates the likelihood of poverty alleviation and how person-facilitator fit moderates the magnitude of poverty alleviation over time. We offer theoretical and practical implications of our framework for different perspectives (remediation, reform, and revolution) on entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 299-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1779789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1779789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:299-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1782972_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chong Kyoon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Chong Kyoon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Sharon A. Simmons Author-X-Name-First: Sharon A. Author-X-Name-Last: Simmons Author-Name: Alejandro Amezcua Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Amezcua Author-Name: Jin Young Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jin Young Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: G. T. Lumpkin Author-X-Name-First: G. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lumpkin Title: Moderating Effects of Informal Institutions on Social Entrepreneurship Activity Abstract: Using the legitimacy lens from institutional theory and a multi-level analysis of 29,175 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor respondents from 16 countries, we examine how national culture and societal attitudes influence individual level decisions to allocate entrepreneurial talent into revenue generating and not-for-profit social enterprises. We find the stigma of business failure to be positively associated with the probability that individuals will invest their entrepreneurial talents into a social venture. We also find that in both performance-based cultures and socially supportive cultures, the positive effects of the stigma of business failure on social entrepreneurship entry are decreased. Our findings suggest that informal institutions significantly influence the revenue generating-strategy of social entrepreneurship. However, they have no significant correlation to the nonprofit-strategy of social entrepreneurship. These findings underscore the complexity of balancing the competing logics of profit maximisation with social value maximisation in the decision to organise start-ups as social enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 340-365 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1782972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1782972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:340-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1823871_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Julianna Faludi Author-X-Name-First: Julianna Author-X-Name-Last: Faludi Title: How to Create Social Value Through Digital Social Innovation? Unlocking the Potential of the Social Value Creation of Digital Start-Ups Abstract: Considering digital start-ups as agents of social innovation, this study highlights the Potential for Social Value Frame (PSVF) method. The latter helps examine how projects inherently frame the social domain beyond ranking techniques, and measures their potential for social value creation from a structural perspective, relying on Coleman’s Boat and the model of levels of agency. Based on a mixed method of multi-stage coding, content analysis, and scaling, the model was tested on an 8-year sample. Plotted over time, digital solutions show increasing potential for creating significant social value, especially related to AI and big data. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 73-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1823871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1823871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:73-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1821752_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carmen Guzmán Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Guzmán Author-Name: Teresa Savall Author-X-Name-First: Teresa Author-X-Name-Last: Savall Author-Name: Marta Solórzano-García Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Solórzano-García Title: Ethical Banking in Spain: Does an Organisational Identity Exist That Distinguishes It from Conventional Banking? Abstract: Ethical banking has developed considerably in recent years. However, neither a universally accepted definition, nor a consensus by academicians about its typical characteristics yet exists to differentiate it from conventional banking. The purpose of this article is to bridge this gap in the literature using the notion of organisational identity, according to which an organisation is identified by a series of characteristics and attributes that differentiate it from other organisations. The case of Spanish ethical banking is analysed by examining the three main references in this country: Triodos Bank, Fiare and Coop57. The results allowed us to conclude that, despite no consensus on an ethical banking definition, an organisational identity does exist for ethical banking in Spain, which is defined according to the principles of integrity, responsibility and affinity. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1821752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1821752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:1-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1823456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carolin J. Waldner Author-X-Name-First: Carolin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Waldner Title: In the Centre of Attention: How Social Entrepreneurs Influence Organisational Reputation Abstract: To enhance organisational reputation, entrepreneurs are frequently put in the centre of attention. Particularly social entrepreneurs, who combine pro-social and entrepreneurial identities, often represent their organisations. Yet, we know little about how the presentation of a leader influences organisational reputation. Results of a 2 × 2 × 2 pre-registered experiment indicate that a leader-centred communication barely influences the stakeholders’ perceptions. However, stakeholders have a significantly better perception of a social enterprise that presents a leader with salient society-oriented character traits (versus business-oriented character traits). This study contributes to social entrepreneurship and reputation research and reveals new insights for practice. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 50-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1823456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1823456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:50-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1823872_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abel García-González Author-X-Name-First: Abel Author-X-Name-Last: García-González Author-Name: María Soledad Ramírez-Montoya Author-X-Name-First: María Soledad Author-X-Name-Last: Ramírez-Montoya Title: Social Entrepreneurship Competency in Higher Education: An Analysis Using Mixed Methods Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is a necessary competency in higher education; however, research in this area is in its early stages. This study sought to evaluate social entrepreneurship competency and identify the factors and educational processes that promote its development. The research consisted of mixed method. The tools included a questionnaire, interviews with professors, and a focus group with students. The questionnaire did not show variation by disciplinary area, semester grade, or previous experience. The interviews and the focus group led to an analysis that described the development of the SEC as a continuous learning process around the validation of the social enterprise. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 91-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1823872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1823872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:91-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1826562_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard J. Arend Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. Author-X-Name-Last: Arend Title: Social Entrepreneurship as ‘Doing Good’ by Mitigating Opposition Better Abstract: We complement emerging theory-building in social entrepreneurship by adopting a new perspective. We start with the assumption that the existence of opposing interests is the main reason that things that should have been done to improve social welfare have not been done. We then draw on economic concepts and logical reasoning to build a typology of problems relevant to the goal of improving social welfare. Determining the solutions to those problem types identifies which forces are likely to oppose their implementation. From that basis, we describe which characteristics would be helpful, and which wouldn’t, for providing the solutions while also mitigating the likely opposition. That analysis provides the basis to argue, that for specific problems, social entrepreneurs are likely to embody a relatively better set of characteristics (versus, for example, a local governmental agency). We then discuss the implications for research, management and policy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 110-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1826562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1826562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:110-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1821753_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Braulio Pareja-Cano Author-X-Name-First: Braulio Author-X-Name-Last: Pareja-Cano Author-Name: Carmen Valor Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Valor Author-Name: Arturo Benito Author-X-Name-First: Arturo Author-X-Name-Last: Benito Title: How Social Enterprises Nurture Empowerment: A Grounded Theoretical Model of Social Change Abstract: Our understanding of how social enterprises enable social change is still limited. Empowerment could be a valid mediating construct to explain the processes occurring between entrepreneurial practices and achievement of social goals. Based on an ethnography case study in a South African social enterprise, this study reveals the entrepreneurial practices that contribute to women’s empowerment and the power-accruing processes that provide female workers access and control over resources and a sense of individual and collective achievement that facilitates the rupture of patriarchal gender roles. This empowerment-based model contributes to explain social change processes inherent in the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 29-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1821753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1821753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:29-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1863250_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dominika Wach Author-X-Name-First: Dominika Author-X-Name-Last: Wach Author-Name: Philipp Kruse Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Kruse Author-Name: Sílvia Costa Author-X-Name-First: Sílvia Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: Juan Antonio Moriano Author-X-Name-First: Juan Author-X-Name-Last: Antonio Moriano Title: Exploring Social and Commercial Entrepreneurial Intentions from Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective: A Cross-Country Study among Namibian and German Students Abstract: The demand for entrepreneurship to become more prevalent in societies worldwide highlights the need to better understand entrepreneurial intentions (EI). This is particularly important for African nations characterised by significant poverty and low income. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) this paper explores potential predictors of these intentions in two countries that differ considerably in their economic situation and culture. It chiefly focuses on SEI as socially desired, yet still unexplored phenomenon. The current study differentiates between social (SEI) and commercial (CEI) entrepreneurial intentions and explores their antecedents among university students in Namibia (n = 223) and Germany (n = 1326). The results suggest that TPB only poorly predicts SEI, particularly in Namibia. However, they support universally positive effect of perceived behavioural control on formation of CEI in both countries. This study contributes to emerging research into antecedents of SEI. It also highlights the need to test exploratory power of recognised theories such as TPB within different contexts and types of entrepreneurial activity. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 226-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1863250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1863250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:226-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1826563_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Arpita Ghatak Author-X-Name-First: Arpita Author-X-Name-Last: Ghatak Author-Name: Swagato Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Swagato Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Author-Name: Bhaskar Bhowmick Author-X-Name-First: Bhaskar Author-X-Name-Last: Bhowmick Title: Intention Towards Digital Social Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Model Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model finding the antecedents of intention towards digital social entrepreneurship (IDSE). Based on the basic frameworks of entrepreneurial intention theory, the theory of planned behaviour, and expectancy theory the paper proposes that experiences in social organisation and digital organisation lead to IDSE. Empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, perceived social support, perceived feasibility and perceived desirability act as mediating variables in the above relationships. The study validates the hypotheses by testing a series of possible empirical models on survey data with 482 responses. The theoretical and policy implications have been discussed in detail. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 131-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1826563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1826563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:131-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1863249_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Crispen Karanda Author-X-Name-First: Crispen Author-X-Name-Last: Karanda Author-Name: Nuria Toledano Author-X-Name-First: Nuria Author-X-Name-Last: Toledano Title: Promoting Social Entrepreneurship in Poor Socio-Economic Contexts: Evidence from an Action Research Project in Zimbabwe — Southern Africa Abstract: The hopes attached to social entrepreneurship for improving disadvantaged environments have spread throughout Africa, but due to the complexities characterising the continent, additional support is needed. This article analyses the promotion of social entrepreneurship led by a non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) through an action research project in Zimbabwe, southern Africa. The results suggest the need to consider the particularities of the context prior to carrying out any support measures for social entrepreneurship in disadvantaged rural areas, and the design of measures in the framework of a flexible support system which involves people from the local context. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 201-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1863249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1863249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:201-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1861477_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ranjan Chaudhuri Author-X-Name-First: Ranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhuri Author-Name: Demetris Vrontis Author-X-Name-First: Demetris Author-X-Name-Last: Vrontis Author-Name: Gitesh Chavan Author-X-Name-First: Gitesh Author-X-Name-Last: Chavan Author-Name: S. M. Riad Shams Author-X-Name-First: S. M. Riad Author-X-Name-Last: Shams Title: Social Business Enterprises as a Research Domain: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Direction Abstract: The purpose of this article is to offer a synopsis of the progression in scholarly research in social business enterprises (SBE). The study entails bibliometric analysis, and bibliographic data visualisation using the Scopus database, generating alluvial diagrams using Rawgraphs platform and identification of thematic clusters in SBE research. The results of our bibliometric analysis show that there is significant growth in the number of publications in the research domain of SBE, with a thematic focus in particular areas. Our scientiometric research shall also act as a point of reference on the extant and embryonic topics, designs and methodological choices for future SBE studies. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 186-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1861477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1861477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:186-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1861476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rasheda L. Weaver Author-X-Name-First: Rasheda L. Author-X-Name-Last: Weaver Title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Social Enterprise Sector Abstract: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social entrepreneurship are unexplored at this time. However, recent literature argues that social entrepreneurship is a critical tool for addressing issues both created and exacerbated from this virus. As such, this article aims to answer the question: What considerations should be made when examining the impact of COVID-19 on the social enterprise sector? This paper argues that close attention must be paid to social enterprise: (1) financial performance, challenges, and opportunities, (2) geographic location and its influences on opportunities or obstacles, and (3) resilience strategies employed to address issues caused or exacerbated by COVID-19. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 177-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1861476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1861476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:177-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1852591_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isabel Garcia-Lomas Author-X-Name-First: Isabel Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia-Lomas Author-Name: Patricia Gabaldon Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Gabaldon Title: Gender – From Variable to Lens in Social Enterprises: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Women’s Involvement in Social Ventures Abstract: The link between gender and social enterprises remains relatively under-researched. In this paper, through a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2017, we provide a broad examination of women’s involvement in social enterprises. Our review helps mapping and categorising this emerging theme by clustering existing contributions in two topics drivers and outcomes. As a result, several research gaps are singled out, inducing to new theoretical and methodological suggestions where gender lens is the context and research locus. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 152-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1852591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2020.1852591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:152-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1877182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kate V. Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Kate V. Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Author-Name: Colette Henry Author-X-Name-First: Colette Author-X-Name-Last: Henry Author-Name: Michael J. Roy Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Title: Tethering Mission to Context? Exploring Narratives Underpinning the Competing Social and Financial Imperatives of Social Enterprise Abstract: This paper is derived from a study of the mission statements of a sample of 100 United Kingdom social enterprises. The purpose of the research was to reveal what insight such organisational artefacts provide in relation to the reconciliation of inherently dual social and financial objectives. It relies on multiple phases of qualitative analysis and draws out findings across two key themes: vocabulary clusters and the contextualisation of meaning; and, the presence of rhetoric in terms of communication and strategy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 298-318 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1877182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1877182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:298-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1966828_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hanna Kociemska Author-X-Name-First: Hanna Author-X-Name-Last: Kociemska Title: Accessing Social Value from Profit-Oriented Public–Private Partnership Abstract: This study demonstrates how to access social value from profit-oriented public–private partnership. The author examines social impact bonds (SIBs) as a tool for financing public–private investments. Using the database of worldwide SIB-financed projects, this study develops an incentive-compatible mechanism of profit write-off for social purposes (e.g. medical services for uninsured constituencies). It presents the feasibility space of this mechanism given entrepreneur, institutional boundaries. The mechanism resurfaces public–private partnerships as a vehicle where profitability and social goals can be met. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 370-389 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1966828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1966828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:370-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1890188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wee Chan Au Author-X-Name-First: Wee Chan Author-X-Name-Last: Au Author-Name: Andreana Drencheva Author-X-Name-First: Andreana Author-X-Name-Last: Drencheva Author-Name: Jian Li Yew Author-X-Name-First: Jian Li Author-X-Name-Last: Yew Title: Narrating Career in Social Entrepreneurship: Experiences of Social Entrepreneurs Abstract: The purpose of this qualitative study is to contribute to the scholarship on career success within the social entrepreneurship context. Based on the career accounts of eighteen social entrepreneurs in Malaysia, the study’s findings provide a nuanced perspective of the Career Success Framework and explicate career success for social entrepreneurs as multifaceted across personal and social goals. The findings provide nuance to how the four broad dimensions of the Career Success Framework (material concerns, social relations, learning and pursuing one’s own projects) are experienced and perceived in the social entrepreneurship context. The emergent career success framework of social entrepreneurs suggests that perceived career success is appraised with nine sub-dimensions captured within the broad dimensions of the Career Success Framework in ways that challenge taken-for-granted assumptions in careers research, while also highlighting the tensions social entrepreneurs face. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 343-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1890188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1890188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:343-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1874486_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephanie A. Fernhaber Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie A. Author-X-Name-Last: Fernhaber Author-Name: Ronia Hawash Author-X-Name-First: Ronia Author-X-Name-Last: Hawash Title: Are Expectations for Businesses That ‘Do Good’ Too High? Trade-Offs between Social and Environmental Impact Abstract: There has been increasing pressure in recent years for firms to pursue social and environmental impact alongside profits. In this paper, the question is raised of whether or not expectations of firms to ‘do good’ are too high. Drawing on organisational identity theory, the pursuit of social and environmental impact is argued to create transitive tension. An empirical analysis of 138 Certified B Corporations confirms that a focused way of ‘doing good’ is more prevalent and that social and environment impact are negatively related. Moreover, younger firms and those firms with a minority or female owner are found to be more positively associated with social, rather than environmental, impact. Implications are discussed. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 249-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1874486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1874486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:249-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1886157_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul-Brian McInerney Author-X-Name-First: Paul-Brian Author-X-Name-Last: McInerney Title: Measuring the Worth of Social Good: Valuation in an Emergent Non-profit Social Enterprise Abstract: Non-profit social enterprises address social problems with business models. This paper examines the founding years of an early non-profit social enterprise in the United States to highlight the role venture capital and venture philanthropy played in shaping performance measures. While venture philanthropies funded the creation of blended value models of performance measures, other practices from venture capital, such as taking board seats and engaging in managerial oversight, were quietly playing a profound role in the financialization of performance measurement in non-profit social enterprise. The early influence of venture capital valorised quantitative performance measures, the objectivity, calculability, and commensurability of which made them attractive to key stakeholders. More recent work in performance measurement have sought to incorporate a wider range of stakeholders. However, this paper explains the legacy of venture capital in financializing performance measures with which social enterprises continue to grapple. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 319-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1886157 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1886157 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:319-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1874487_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sándor Takács Author-X-Name-First: Sándor Author-X-Name-Last: Takács Title: Managing the Flow Experience - The Dilemmas of Participatory Governance in Hungarian Social Enterprises Abstract: Based on interviews with key stakeholder groups of social enterprises in Hungary, democratic practices in decision making were seen as important features of social enterprises. However, there were several comments about participatory governance’s negative effect on operational efficiency. One of the aims of the paper is to explore this controversial finding from the perspective of leaders of social enterprises. In the theoretical part we summarise the foundations of employee involvement and participation (EIP) in small businesses and social enterprises, and possible explanations of how (EIP) may impact job related flow experiences. Based on the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with leaders of social enterprises, we propose as a hypothesis the measurement of the impact of participatory practices on flow experiences of employees and volunteers as an effective evaluation criterion for participatory governance. One interesting finding is that compared to other aspects of participation (e.g. strategic decision making and innovation) involvement in HRM practices (especially regarding the role of middle managers) in social enterprises seems to be with the most direct impact on the wellbeing and flow experiences of employees and volunteers that may be interesting for future research also calling for the examination of employees’ perspectives. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 268-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1874487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1874487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:268-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1890189_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Roy Smollan Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Smollan Author-Name: Smita Singh Author-X-Name-First: Smita Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: How Social Entrepreneurs Respond to Enterprise Failure Abstract: Given that little research examines how social entrepreneurs respond to venture failure, the first aim of this conceptual paper is to explore the cognitive, affective and behavioural responses of social entrepreneurs to the demise of their organisations. The second aim is to explore four factors that contribute to these responses: values, motives, personality, and identity. The third aim is to compare responses to failure in social entrepreneurship to failure in commercial entrepreneurship. Literature was sought that focuses on responses to commercial and social entrepreneurship failure, supported by studies in management, organisational behaviour and social psychology. Despite the paucity of empirical research into how failure social entrepreneurs experience failure, we argue that the dual goals of social entrepreneurs (financial and social) place a more significant burden on them than commercial entrepreneurs when their enterprises fail. While negative responses are common, more constructive reactions are possible. The nature of the responses and their underlying factors are captured in a new model of responses to failure in social entrepreneurship, propositions are presented and several directions for future research are indicated. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 1-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1890189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1890189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:1-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1921013_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Alina Kadyrova Author-X-Name-First: Alina Author-X-Name-Last: Kadyrova Title: Exploring Structures of Urban Social Innovation Ecosystems: Cases of Manchester, Utrecht, Stockholm, Sofia and Budapest Abstract: Following the rise of academic interest in the concept of social innovation, scholarly attention turned towards the concept of social innovation ecosystems (SIE). Despite multiple emerging viewpoints on the composition and spatial level of SIE, the empirical evidence of structures of SIE is limited. Using interviews with 35 informants and documentary analysis, this paper explores structures of SIEs in Manchester, Stockholm, Utrecht, Budapest, and Sofia, and identifies features of urban and national cultures, institutional relations, networks, and infrastructures that influences social innovation activity in selected areas. The research concludes that insufficient urban-level support forces social innovators to rely on non-urban factors in supporting social innovation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 77-99 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1921013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1921013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:77-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1953570_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: James Elvis Mbiru Author-X-Name-First: James Elvis Author-X-Name-Last: Mbiru Author-Name: Mark Wickham Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wickham Author-Name: Desmond Tutu Ayentimi Author-X-Name-First: Desmond Tutu Author-X-Name-Last: Ayentimi Title: Entrepreneurial Project Initiation Processes for Social Enterprises in a Developing Economy Context Abstract: Project management has emerged as a theoretical construct in guiding managerial decision-making, whilst extending from its traditional dominance in the construction and engineering domain to social enterprises. This qualitative case study draws from managerial experiences, and their role in project management to examine how entrepreneurial elements are integrated into the project management initiation processes of social enterprises operating in a developing economy context. The paper identifies best-practice entrepreneurial project initiation processes. This theoretical model linking project management and corporate entrepreneurship theory provides a more insightful examination of the developmental journey of project management, whilst simultaneously incorporating the entrepreneurial notions of risk-taking, innovativeness, proactivity, creativity, and competitiveness. The paper argues that the more dynamic and complex the project environment, the stronger the appetite towards adoption of entrepreneurial project initiation processes for social enterprises. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 236-262 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1953570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1953570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:236-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1924840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mariarosa Scarlata Author-X-Name-First: Mariarosa Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlata Author-Name: Luisa Alemany Author-X-Name-First: Luisa Author-X-Name-Last: Alemany Author-Name: Andrew Zacharakis Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Zacharakis Title: A Gendered View of Risk Taking in Venture Philanthropy Abstract: Relying on gender-role congruity theory, this paper investigates the relationship between the gender of the top management teams of venture philanthropy firms and their business risk-taking orientation. The research also assesses if and how experience moderates this relationship. Using a combination of survey data to capture the venture philanthropy firm’s risk orientation and biographical data to identify managers’ gender and experience, it finds that only gender affects business risk-orientation in these firms. Surprisingly, this is the opposite direction than expected, whereby teams with a higher proportion of women have a higher risk-taking profile. This suggests the need to revise the applicability of gender role congruity theory, the existence of a gender-bind dilemma, and the relevance of context in venture philanthropy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 100-118 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1924840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1924840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:100-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1942960_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Jeonghwan Choi Author-X-Name-First: Jeonghwan Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Author-Name: Kihwan Kim Author-X-Name-First: Kihwan Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Rob Marjerison Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Marjerison Author-Name: Bok Gyo Jeong Author-X-Name-First: Bok Gyo Author-X-Name-Last: Jeong Author-Name: Sookyoung Lee Author-X-Name-First: Sookyoung Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Valerie Vaccaro Author-X-Name-First: Valerie Author-X-Name-Last: Vaccaro Title: The Effects of Morality and Positivity on Social Entrepreneurial Intention Abstract: This study investigated the dynamics of morality, positivity, and social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of individuals. The ‘inconsistent mediation’ effects of morality and positivity were observed in relationship with SEI. The findings indicate that positive psychological capital (PsyCap) positively mediated the relationship between morality-as-cooperation (MAC) and SEI, β = .391, SE = .103, p < .001, while the direct effect of MAC on SEI was negative, β = −.174, SE = .092, p = .032. These findings can contribute to the literature on social entrepreneurial intention. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 161-181 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1942960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1942960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:161-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1961286_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ireoluwatomi Oloke Author-X-Name-First: Ireoluwatomi Author-X-Name-Last: Oloke Title: Transformative and Compensatory Social Enterprise Theories of Change in Discussions of Practitioners in Manitoba Abstract: This paper considers the extent to which social enterprise practitioners’ outlook on the capacity of social enterprises to transform inequitable socio-economic systems conforms to compensatory or transformative social enterprise theories of change. Data for the study was drawn from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with social enterprise managers and business developers in Manitoba, Canada. Study findings suggest that social enterprise practitioners can and often do hold both compensatory and transformative perspectives at the same time. In other words, while they may operate within a flawed, inequitable socio-economic system, they can also work towards the ultimate transformation of the system into a more equitable one. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 263-282 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1961286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1961286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:263-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1937283_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Susanne Giesecke Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: Giesecke Author-Name: Doris Schartinger Author-X-Name-First: Doris Author-X-Name-Last: Schartinger Title: The Transformative Potential of Social Innovation for, in and by Education Abstract: One of the most important challenges for our society is how we view and organise learning and education. To respond to this challenge the European Commission stimulated a debate in order to generate forward-looking policy ideas. A specific topic addressed is the likely future development and importance of social innovation in education. The basis for this paper is a specific foresight study investigating future trends in education and supporting elements, especially with regard to the Europe 2020 strategy and the ‘Future of Learning’ agenda. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a vision of the future of social innovation in education and derive implications for the education system and policy. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 140-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1937283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1937283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:140-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1900339_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mohammed Faiz Kamaludin Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Faiz Author-X-Name-Last: Kamaludin Author-Name: Jesrina Ann Xavier Author-X-Name-First: Jesrina Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Xavier Author-Name: Muslim Amin Author-X-Name-First: Muslim Author-X-Name-Last: Amin Title: Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework Abstract: In the emerging field of academic research on social entrepreneurship, studies linking social entrepreneurship to sustainability is gaining interest due to the importance of connecting these two constructs. The purpose of this study is to propose an updated conceptual framework that links social entrepreneurship to sustainability. A literature review of social entrepreneurship journals was conducted, resulting in identifying four key dimensions in social entrepreneurship which are social, economic, behaviour and governance. These four dimensions have been categorised to have an effect on social entrepreneurship and sustainability. Additionally, the theory of change and logic model are business processes that have been identified, extending into the measurement of social impact by using either the social return on impact or balanced scorecard approach to complete the conceptual framework. Hence, this study is envisioned to provide original work in the theoretical development of linking social entrepreneurship to sustainability that will benefit academicians and practitioners alike. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 26-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1900339 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1900339 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:26-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1936614_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Md. Uzzal Hossain Author-X-Name-First: Md. Uzzal Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain Author-Name: Md. Shamsul Arefin Author-X-Name-First: Md. Shamsul Author-X-Name-Last: Arefin Author-Name: Vimolwan Yukongdi Author-X-Name-First: Vimolwan Author-X-Name-Last: Yukongdi Title: Personality Traits, Social Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Social Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Gender Abstract: This study investigates the influence of Big Five personality traits, social self-efficacy, and social support on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) and how gender differences moderate the relationships among the associated variables. Data from business students of two public universities of Bangladesh were collected using questionnaires yielding a total sample of 354 students. Structural equation modelling (SEM) with a partial least squares method was applied to analyse the data. The findings of this study revealed that agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability, openness, social self-efficacy, and social support significantly influence SEI. The result also showed that gender has a moderating effect on being a social entrepreneur in some instances. This study will help policymakers, and academic scholars understand how personality aspects and social support influence business students in their intention process to become social entrepreneurs. This study integrates both individual and situational factors to understand SEI. This study also incorporates social self-efficacy into SEI research. It is one of the very few studies in social entrepreneurship literature to investigate the moderating role of gender on SEI. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 119-139 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1936614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1936614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:119-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1900340_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Kanchan Joshi Author-X-Name-First: Kanchan Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Author-Name: Prajakta Khare Author-X-Name-First: Prajakta Author-X-Name-Last: Khare Title: The Role of Local Connections in Network Configuration: A Case of Social Enterprise in India Abstract: This paper brings together the fields of social entrepreneurship and social networks by using the social network analysis approach to map the evolution of the network of a social enterprise in India. The paper adopts a case-study approach. The paper asserts that local resources who are more proximate to the final beneficiaries, are central to a social enterprise’s network along with the social entrepreneur using the centrality measures of actors in the network, which had not been attempted in previous studies of social networks of social enterprises. The study can thus provide lessons to social enterprises in identifying local resources and positioning them in the enterprise’s network so as to optimise their utilisation. Additionally, the paper aims to throw light on high resource dynamism, a challenge that arises while leveraging these local human resources. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 50-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1900340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1900340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:50-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1951819_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Gisele Hidalgo Author-X-Name-First: Gisele Author-X-Name-Last: Hidalgo Author-Name: Jefferson Marlon Monticelli Author-X-Name-First: Jefferson Marlon Author-X-Name-Last: Monticelli Author-Name: Ingridi Vargas Bortolaso Author-X-Name-First: Ingridi Author-X-Name-Last: Vargas Bortolaso Title: Social Capital as a Driver of Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is a field widely explored from multiple perspectives and within multiple academic disciplines. In parallel, practitioners have applied social entrepreneurship principles to multiple sectors and on multiple levels. This research investigates how social capital applied to social entrepreneurship can contribute as a driver of social enterprise. A systematic literature review was conducted based on searches of major academic databases (Web of Science, Ebsco and Periódicos Capes), winnowing an initial list of 3,106 papers down to 472 articles that underwent content analysis. The results of this analysis were summarised and used to develop a theoretical proposal and research propositions relating social entrepreneurship to social capital and highlighting the social entrepreneur’s social connections with the collective actors and institutions that together constitute social entrepreneurship. The discussion presented suggests that the interface between social entrepreneurship and social capital is a latent field for research and the paper ends by presenting a model to consolidate research efforts, identifying three key themes that recur in the literature: Creation of social capital by the social entrepreneur, social capital and its relationship with the institutions, and Social capital as a former of groups. In these terms, a future agenda is presented for debating these issues. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 182-205 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1951819 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1951819 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:182-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RJSE_A_1952478_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Effie Amanatidou Author-X-Name-First: Effie Author-X-Name-Last: Amanatidou Author-Name: Eirini-Erifyli Tzekou Author-X-Name-First: Eirini-Erifyli Author-X-Name-Last: Tzekou Author-Name: Giorgos Gritzas Author-X-Name-First: Giorgos Author-X-Name-Last: Gritzas Title: Successful Niche Building by Social Innovation in Social Economy Networks and the Potential for Societal Transformation Abstract: As current evolutions make the social economy increasingly visible and important, the paper examines the role of networking in social economy initiatives in strengthening their innovativeness capacities, and, thus, increasing their potential for societal transformation. Our analytical framework reflects the different clusters of networking relations within and outside social economy initiatives, as well as the roles of cognitive frames, skills and capacities, governance, activities, and funding under each of these networking clusters. This analysis is then applied in a particular social economy initiative, Cretamo, a consumers’ cooperative operating a grocery store in Thessaloniki, Greece. The results indicate that Cretamo has developed in the central node of an eco-system of same-minded social enterprises in the agro-food sector, offering an alternative niche to the mainstream economic model. This has changed relations both within the initiative and in its networks, while, at the same time, allows for increased innovativeness capacities. Cretamo has not yet the power to challenge the existing mainstream regime. Yet, it offers a valid alternative niche, which, combined with the socio-economic crisis still experienced in Greece and expected to intensify in the future, creates strong potential for societal transformation. Journal: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Pages: 206-235 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2021.1952478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/19420676.2021.1952478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:jsocen:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:206-235