Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Mau 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mau 
Author-Name: Vadim Stupin 
Author-X-Name-First: Vadim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stupin 
Title: The political economy of Russian regionalism 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427873 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427873
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Hanson 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson 
Title: What sort of capitalism is developing in Russia? 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 27-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427874 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427874
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Moore 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore 
Title: Science, technology and Russia's future: Two legacies 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 43-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427875 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427875
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Csanadi 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Csanadi 
Title: The legacy of party-states for the transformation 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 61-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427876
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Author-Name: A. Kurzynowski 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurzynowski 
Author-Name: T. Szumlicz 
Author-X-Name-First: T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szumlicz 
Author-Name: B. Jung 
Author-X-Name-First: B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung 
Title: Employers' workforce formation practices, young people's employment opportunities and labour market behaviour in post-communist Poland 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 87-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427877 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marin Alexandrov Marinov 
Author-X-Name-First: Marin Alexandrov 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marinov 
Author-Name: Svetla Trifonova Marinova 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetla Trifonova 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marinova 
Title: Privatisation and foreign direct investment in Bulgaria: Present characteristics and future trends 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 101-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427878 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427878
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruben Berrios 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruben 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrios 
Title: Cuba's economic restructuring, 1990-1995 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 117-130 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427879 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427879
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergei Aukutsionek 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aukutsionek 
Title: Measuring progress towards a Market economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 141-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427881 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427881
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jens Holscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Jens 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holscher 
Title: Economic dynamism in transition economies: Lessons from Germany 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 173-181 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427882 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427882
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Janda 
Author-X-Name-First: Karel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janda 
Title: Czech import demand for agricultural products differentiated by degree of processing 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 183-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427883 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427883
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lukasz Konopielko 
Author-X-Name-First: Lukasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Konopielko 
Title: Reserve requirements as an implicit tax: The case of Poland and Hungary 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 209-218 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427884 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427884
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaowen Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Title: The rise of non-state owned enterprises in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 219-231 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427885 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas Eberstadt 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eberstadt 
Title: North Korea as an economy under multiple severe stresses: Analogies and lessons from past and recent historical experience 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 233-255 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427886 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Kirkow 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkow 
Title: Russia's regional puzzle: Institutional change and economic adaptation 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 261-287 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427888 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427888
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergei Aukutsionek 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aukutsionek 
Title: Some characteristics of the transition economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 289-336 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427889 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427889
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Borish 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borish 
Author-Name: Wei Ding 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding 
Author-Name: Michel No&#xeb;l 
Author-X-Name-First: Michel 
Author-X-Name-Last: No&#xeb;l 
Title: A review of bank performance during transition in central Europe 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 337-357 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427890 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427890
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evan Kraft 
Author-X-Name-First: Evan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraft 
Title: Bank rehabilitation in Slovenia: Why it was undertaken and what its effects have been 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 359-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427891 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427891
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willie Seal 
Author-X-Name-First: Willie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seal 
Author-Name: Pat Sucher 
Author-X-Name-First: Pat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sucher 
Author-Name: Ivan Zelenka 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zelenka 
Author-Name: Marcela Zarova 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zarova 
Title: Accounting and societal transition: The bohemian accountant and the velvet revolution 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 383-406 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427892 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427892
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irina Evseeva 
Author-X-Name-First: Irina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evseeva 
Author-Name: Elena Lupinovich 
Author-X-Name-First: Elena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lupinovich 
Title: The Russian market for financial services for small business: The banking segment 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 413-421 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427894 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Viktoriya Golikova 
Author-X-Name-First: Viktoriya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golikova 
Author-Name: Agnessa Avilova 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnessa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Avilova 
Title: State support for the development of small business in Russian regions 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 423-430 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427895 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427895
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafis Abazov 
Author-X-Name-First: Rafis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abazov 
Title: Formation of the non-state sector and privatisation in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 431-448 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427896 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427896
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valentijn Bilsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Valentijn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilsen 
Author-Name: Wim Lagae 
Author-X-Name-First: Wim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lagae 
Title: Foreign capital inflow and private enterprise development in Poland: A survey 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-467 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427897 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427897
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Harter 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harter 
Author-Name: Reiner Jaakson 
Author-X-Name-First: Reiner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaakson 
Title: Economic success in Estonia: The centre versus periphery pattern of regional inequality 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 469-490 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427898 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427898
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manijeh Sabi 
Author-X-Name-First: Manijeh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabi 
Title: Banking in transition: Development and current problems in Azerbaijan 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 491-499 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427899 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammed Ishaq 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ishaq 
Title: The Ukrainian economy and the process of reform 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 501-517 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379708427900 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379708427900
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I. A. Karelina 
Author-X-Name-First: I. A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karelina 
Author-Name: L. E. Limonov 
Author-X-Name-First: L. E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Limonov 
Author-Name: B. S. Zhikharevich 
Author-X-Name-First: B. S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhikharevich 
Title: Strategic planning in St Petersburg 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427902 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427902
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. Oding 
Author-X-Name-First: N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oding 
Author-Name: T. Vlasova 
Author-X-Name-First: T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vlasova 
Title: Obstacles to efficiency 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 21-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427903 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427903
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Amrit Poser 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Amrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poser 
Title: The interrelationship between inter-enterprise arrears and macroeconomic aggregates in post-soviet economies 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 35-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427904 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz 
Title: Dismantling the state sector in Eastern Europe: Implications for unemployment 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-62 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427905 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427905
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rasto Ovin 
Author-X-Name-First: Rasto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ovin 
Title: Why institutional change should be rapid &#x2014; A transaction costs perspective 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 63-79 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427906 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427906
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joachim Bald 
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bald 
Author-Name: Jim Nielsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen 
Title: Developing efficient financial institutions in russia 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 81-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427907 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427907
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernhard Seliger 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seliger 
Title: Integration of the Baltic States in the European union in the light of the theory of institutional competition 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 95-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427908 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427908
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerhard Prosi 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prosi 
Title: Economic cooperation between members of the European union and the new democratic countries in Europe 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 111-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427909 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427909
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marc Duponcel 
Author-X-Name-First: Marc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duponcel 
Title: The collapse of the CMEA and Hungary's agro-food external trade 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427910 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427910
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:119-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Tompson 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tompson 
Title: Russia's 'ministry of cash': Sberbank in transition 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 133-155 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427912 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427912
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:133-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Amrit Poser 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Amrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poser 
Title: Monetary disruptions and the emergence of barter in FSU economies 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 157-177 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427913 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427913
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:157-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergei Aukutsionek 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aukutsionek 
Title: Industrial barter in Russia 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 179-188 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427914 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427914
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:179-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Sinel'nikov-Murilev 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinel'nikov-Murilev 
Author-Name: G. Trofimov 
Author-X-Name-First: G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trofimov 
Title: Fiscal crisis and macroeconomic policy in Russia 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 189-202 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427915 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427915
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:189-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alf Vanags 
Author-X-Name-First: Alf 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanags 
Title: Macroeconomic stabilisation and central bank policy in Latvia 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 203-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427916 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427916
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:203-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bartlomiej Kaminski 
Author-X-Name-First: Bartlomiej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaminski 
Title: Poland's transition from the perspective of performance in EU markets 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 217-239 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427917 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427917
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:217-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabor Hunya 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunya 
Title: Romania 1990-2002: Stop-go transformation 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 241-258 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427918 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427918
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:241-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Ownership and control in Russian privatised companies: New evidence from a repeated survey 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 259-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427919 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427919
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:259-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefanie Harter 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harter 
Title: Stretching the concept of 'social capital': Comment on Peter Kirkow, 'Russia's regional puzzle: Institutional change and economic adaptation' 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 271-277 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427920 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427920
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:271-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Bradshaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bradshaw 
Author-Name: Philip Hanson 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson 
Title: Understanding regional patterns of economic change in Russia: An introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 285-304 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427922 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427922
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:285-304




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gleb Bylov 
Author-X-Name-First: Gleb 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bylov 
Author-Name: Douglas Sutherland 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sutherland 
Title: Statistical overview 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 305-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427923 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427923
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:305-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Treivish 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Treivish 
Title: Kostroma oblast': An average-Russian, averagely-depressed region 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 319-340 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427924 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427924
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:319-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Romanov 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Romanov 
Author-Name: Irina Tartakovskaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Irina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tartakovskaya 
Title: Samara oblast': A governor and his Guberniya 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 341-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427925 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427925
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:341-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arbakhan Magomedov 
Author-X-Name-First: Arbakhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magomedov 
Title: Krasnodar Krai: A 'growth pole' in the transitional economy of Russia? 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 363-374 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427926 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427926
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:363-374




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Chernikov 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chernikov 
Title: Resource-rich regions&#x2014;irkutsk oblast' on the road to the market 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 375-389 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427927 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427927
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:375-389




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tamara Troyakova 
Author-X-Name-First: Tamara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Troyakova 
Title: A primorsky republic: Myth or reality? 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 391-404 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427928 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427928
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:391-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Kirkow 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkow 
Author-Name: Philip Hanson 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson 
Author-Name: Andrei Treivish 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Treivish 
Title: Networks, linkages and legacies: Evidence from an elite survey in six Russian provinces in 1996-1997 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 405-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427929 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427929
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:3:p:405-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Popov 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Popov 
Title: Will Russia achieve fast economic growth? 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 421-449 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427931 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427931
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:421-449




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian VonHirschhausen 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: VonHirschhausen 
Title: Industrial restructuring in Ukraine seven years after independence: From socialism to a planning economy? 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 451-465 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427932 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427932
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:451-465




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Chudzik 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chudzik 
Title: Banks as 'agents of change': Experience with restructuring of bad debts in Poland 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 467-493 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427933 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427933
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:467-493




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergei Aukutsionek 
Author-X-Name-First: Sergei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aukutsionek 
Author-Name: Igor Filatochev 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Filatochev 
Author-Name: Rostislav Kapelyushnikov 
Author-X-Name-First: Rostislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapelyushnikov 
Author-Name: Vladimir Zhukov 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhukov 
Title: Dominant shareholders, restructuring and performance of privatised companies in Russia: An analysis and some policy implications 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 495-517 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427934 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427934
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:495-517




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gennady Polonsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Gennady 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polonsky 
Title: Small business in the Russian provinces: Case study evidence from Volgograd 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 519-537 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427935 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427935
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:519-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margarita Mihaylova 
Author-X-Name-First: Margarita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mihaylova 
Author-Name: Keith Howe 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Howe 
Title: An analysis of milk processing in Bulgaria: Policy implications of market structure, prices and production trends during economic transition 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 539-555 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427936 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427936
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:539-555




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. M. Belova 
Author-X-Name-First: E. M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Belova 
Author-Name: T. V. Khabarina 
Author-X-Name-First: T. V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khabarina 
Title: A note on associations of small entrepreneurs in the market economy of St Petersburg 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 557-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427937 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427937
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:557-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz 
Title: Dismantling the state sector: A supplementary note 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 561-563 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379808427938 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379808427938
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:10:y:1998:i:4:p:561-563




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Brzeski 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzeski 
Author-Name: Enrico Colombatto 
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico 
Author-X-Name-Last: Colombatto 
Title: Can Eastern Europe Catch Up? 
Abstract:
  The plausibility of catching-up with Western Europe by six East European
 countries is assessed by examining a hypothetical growth scenario. Per
 capita GDP in Western Europe is chosen as an adequate benchmark. The
 requirements for convergence are then examined, with particular reference
 to population, capital stock, investment, trade and 'technical progress'.
 The growth rates suggested by a successful convergence process for Eastern
 Europe turn out to be not unrealistic but nevertheless rather ambitious.
 Future institutional developments seem to hold the key to success. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996020 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996020
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:5-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Wright 
Author-X-Name-First: Mike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright 
Author-Name: Judit Karsai 
Author-X-Name-First: Judit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karsai 
Author-Name: Zbigniew Dudzinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Zbigniew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dudzinski 
Author-Name: Jan Morovic 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morovic 
Title: Transition and Active Investors: Venture Capital in Hungary, Poland and Slovakia 
Abstract:
  The development of active investors has been argued to be a major factor
 in achieving efficiency in enterprises in transition economies. This
 article analyses the role of venture capital firms as active investors in
 Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. It outlines the development of the venture
 capital markets in each country and provides evidence on the extent,
 nature and constraints upon the active investor role of venture capital
 firms in each country. The article discusses the policy implications for
 the development of venture capital firms as active investors in the three
 countries concerned, notably suggesting the need to develop appropriate
 legislation, enhance financial reporting systems, develop the range of
 skills of venture capital executives and define carefully the role of
 public sector providers of venture capital. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 27-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996039 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996039
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:27-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Morris Bornstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Morris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bornstein 
Title: Framework Issues in the Privatisation Strategies of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland 
Abstract:
  Framework issues in privatisation include the alternative of
 commercialisation of state-owned enterprises without privatisation, the
 scope and sequence of divestiture by branch of the economy, the
 organisational structure for privatisation, the choice among standard and
 non-standard methods, and problems in the administration of privatisation,
 such as valuation, transparency and corruption. For each issue, the study
 analyses major aspects and compares relevant experience of the Czech
 Republic, Hungary and Poland. The concluding section draws some general
 lessons from the theoretical analysis and empirical comparisons. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Privatisation, State-OWNED Enterprises, Corporatisation, Commercialisation, Divestiture, Restitution, Management And Employee Buy-OUTS, Mass Privatisation, Valuation, Transparency, Corruption, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996048 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996048
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:47-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Kirkow 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkow 
Title: Foreign Trade Arrangements in Russia and its Regions: Relying on Foreign Capital to Generate Growth? 
Abstract:
  This article examines to what extent Russia's increasing reliance on
 foreign capital could potentially kick-start the economy and generate
 growth. The analysis highlights more fundamental issues of governance and
 institutional arrangements, for which the focus on foreign economic
 activities serves merely as an example to reflect on pathologies of the
 Russian economy as a whole. The article consists of a theoretical
 framework, discussing the change of institutional arrangements in the
 first section and analysing crucial issues of corporate governance and
 property rights in the last, while empirical information is compiled for
 Russia as a whole and its constituent regions in the second and third core
 sections. The article concludes that the Russian map of high foreign trade
 activities will be shaped only by patchy growth spots, located either
 where the domestic market is largest or opportunities for export exist,
 mainly in large urban agglomerations (economies of scale) and commercial
 hubs, resource-rich and gateway territories (gravitation to international
 trading blocs). Major investment disincentives will remain as long as the
 existing system of taxation has not been substantially changed, property
 rights are not protected, land and bankruptcy legislation is not properly
 enforced and local authorities are not prevented form rent-seeking
 activities. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 79-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Foreign Trade And Investment In Russia, Institutional Arrangements, Corporate Governance, Property Rights, Transaction Costs, Regional Perspective, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996057 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996057
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:79-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iraj Hashi 
Author-X-Name-First: Iraj 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hashi 
Author-Name: Lindita Xhillari 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xhillari 
Title: Privatisation and Transition in Albania 
Abstract:
  This article considers the privatisation policy and its role in the
 transition to a market economy in Albania. The disintegration of the old
 regime took place over a much longer time than in other Central and East
 European countries, resulting in chaos and a political vacuum in which no
 systematic or effective policy could be formulated. The new government,
 committed to fundamental reforms necessary for a market economy, did not
 take power until after the second general election in March 1992. One
 outcome of this long pre-transition period was that the privatisation
 programme had to evolve gradually in the course of transformation, without
 ever having been planned in a comprehensive and integrated manner.
 Privatisation proceeded on five different fronts: small privatisation,
 privatisation of agriculture, housing, small and medium-sized enterprises
 and mass privatisation. The article discusses the progress of each aspect
 and provides up-to-date information and data on their progress. The
 privatisation of agriculture and housing were the most crucial aspects of
 the overall policy, with significant impacts on economic growth and the
 progress of the transformation programme. The privatised agricultural
 sector grew very rapidly and made a major contribution to pulling the
 whole economy out of the 'transformational recession'. Privatised housing
 created a significant wealth effect amongst the urban population,
 providing many of them with collateral or start-up capital. The
 privatisation of state-owned enterprises, however, was carried out with
 much more difficulty and controversy. Although auctions were to be the
 main method of transfer, ensuring a significant income for the treasury,
 in practice many enterprises were privatised through other methods,
 bringing in less income and giving rise to allegations of political
 favouritism. Another aspect of privatisation was the weak corporate
 governance mechanism which replaced state ownership. Many small and
 medium-sized enterprises (probably about half) were sold or transferred to
 their employees, without any outsider interest. The performance of this
 sector has to be monitored closely in order to assess the impact of
 massive insider privatisation, reminiscent of Russia's privatisation
 programme. Mass privatisation too, by distributing enterprise shares
 amongst the general public, resulted in the increased power of insiders.
 The shares of nearly 100 enterprises were transferred to the private
 sector over the first year of the implementation of this programme.
 Although the privatisation programme progressed very rapidly, no serious
 attention was paid to problems of corporate governance. Without
 concentrated ownership or the involvement of financial intermediaries to
 oversee and monitor the managers, it is unlikely that the expected
 efficiency gains will be realised. The political crisis resulting from the
 collapse of informal financial schemes brought the whole reform process,
 including the privatisation programme, to a halt in early 1997. It is
 expected that, with a new government in power, there will be a new push
 for reforms and an increased pace of privatisation. It is hoped that the
 renewed efforts will also deal with the shortcomings of the previous
 schemes-particularly the corporate governance issues. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 99-125 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996066 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996066
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sulo Haderi 
Author-X-Name-First: Sulo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haderi 
Author-Name: Harry Papapanagos 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Papapanagos 
Author-Name: Peter Sanfey 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanfey 
Author-Name: Mirela Talka 
Author-X-Name-First: Mirela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Talka 
Title: Inflation and Stabilisation in Albania 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the determinants of inflation in Albania during the
 transition period. We attempt to explain why Albania was successful in
 reducing inflation, by the end of 1995, to a level comparable to many
 countries in the European Union. We discuss the relative importance of
 monetary, fiscal and external variables, and we highlight the role of
 remittances by emigrants. Using vector autoregression analysis, we
 demonstrate how shocks to money growth and remittances affect the
 subsequent paths of inflation and the exchange rate. Our main conclusion
 is that, while there are important lessons from the Albanian experience
 for other ex-communist countries, the presence of large-scale emigration
 and huge remittance flows makes Albania unique among European countries in
 transition, in the extent to which these factors aided the anti-inflation
 programme. However, recent events have demonstrated that political
 stability and control of the informal financial sector are also crucial
 for low inflation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 127-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Inflation, Stabilisation, Remittances, Albania, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996075 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996075
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:1:p:127-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Paul Sacks 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sacks 
Title: Regional Inequality and Branch Employment in Russia Between 1990 and 1995 
Abstract:
  This article is based on 1990-95 data on the number of workers in 14
 branches of the economy for most of Russia's regional divisions. This was
 a period during which the total labour force shrank substantially, but
 change was clearly uneven across branches. Branches that grew were likely
 to show an increase in the concentration of workers in a limited number of
 regions, that is, growing regional inequality. A closer look at the
 important area of credit, finance and insurance revealed the extremely
 favourable position of Moscow and St Petersburg. Limited data on gender
 differences suggest that, as in the past, men appear to benefit more from
 change than do women. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 149-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995959 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995959
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:149-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaowen Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Title: Market Orientation and Regional Economic Disparities in China 
Abstract:
  The change in China's regional output disparities can be attributed to
 the variation in market orientation in individual regions, and the change
 in China's livelihood disparities can be attributed to the weakening of
 government intervention in the form of regional income redistribution in
 the reform process. The study suggests that China should accelerate
 economic growth of backward interior regions by deepening market-oriented
 reforms on the one hand, and help residents in these regions by
 strengthening fiscal transfer from richer to poorer regions on the other. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 161-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995968 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995968
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:161-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ying Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Stephanie Fahey 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fahey 
Title: The Impact of Economic Reform on Industrial Labour Relations in China and Vietnam 
Abstract:
  Both China and Vietnam are undergoing a social experiment as they diverge
 from the path of their Soviet compatriots and attempt transition to a
 'socialist market mechanism'. The economic reform in both countries aims
 towards the so-called 'third way' between the failed command economies and
 the capitalist alternative. However, after over a decade of reform, it is
 necessary to investigate whether China and Vietnam are locked into the
 cycle of reform and retreat which was characteristic of East European
 societies before 1989 or whether indeed the two countries are developing a
 stable system consonant with the notion of a 'socialist market economy'.
 This article tackles these issues by examining and comparing the changing
 labour relations systems in China and Vietnam in the wake of the changes
 in economic policies and enterprise regulation towards new forms of labour
 contracts, wages and welfare systems, worker representation and trade
 unionism, and legal frameworks. So far there have been significant changes
 in society and the two countries are still experimenting to find their way
 towards the 'socialist market economy' by following the philosophy of
 'crossing the river by feeling the stones'. The new industrial relations
 lie at the heart of the reform and their successful management is the key
 factor determining the outcome of the further transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 173-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
Keywords: Economic Reform, Labour Relations, Economic Policy, Employment Contract, Welfare, Trade Union, Labour Law, Socialist Market Economy, Third Way, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995977 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995977
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:173-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piotr Jasinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jasinski 
Author-Name: Cathryn Ross 
Author-X-Name-First: Cathryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross 
Title: The Use of Policies for Competition in the Promotion of Structural Change in Transforming Economies 
Abstract:
  This article takes as its central theme the idea that competition policy
 is merely one among many policies which can and should be used to promote
 competition in an economy. After having considered the importance of
 competition for any healthy economy, the article examines the inextricable
 links between competition and transition, in particular marketisation and
 liberalisation, and discusses in detail the scope for the use of various
 policies for competition in the transformation process. Within this
 discussion, particular attention is paid to the importance of the legal
 and institutional framework, the process of privatisation, macroeconomic
 stability, ease of entry, supply side policies, the role of small and
 medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and trade policy in contributing to the
 development of a market economy. The article concludes by noting the
 extreme care that must be taken not only in the content of such policies
 but also in their implementation, something which is easily demonstrated
 by the experience of developed capitalist economies in the West. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 193-217 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995986 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995986
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:193-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Parker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Parker 
Title: Water and Waste Water Services in the Russian Federation: A Study of Four Vodokanaly 
Abstract:
  Considerable economic reform has occurred within the Russian Federation
 (RF), but so far most of the services provided by local government have
 received relatively little attention. This study looks at one of the
 largest of the communal services, water and sewerage. The study is based
 on interviews with officials in relevant government departments and
 regulatory agencies and the senior management of vodokanaly in four major
 cities of the RF. The fieldwork was undertaken in February and March 1998.
 The interviews were supplemented by documentation supplied by the water
 enterprises, government departments and agencies. The study finds evidence
 of major shortcomings in the provision of water services with some parts
 of the industry reaching crisis point because of under-funding and
 ineffective management. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 219-235 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995995 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995995
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:219-235




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafis Abazov 
Author-X-Name-First: Rafis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abazov 
Title: Economic Migration in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Case of Kyrgyzstan 
Abstract:
  The article explores economic reform in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and
 focuses on its impact on the country's labour market and economic
 migration. Mass and rapid privatisation and 'shock therapy' have been
 perceived as the pillars of change in the country. However, the reform was
 accompanied by a number of negative factors, including fast-growing
 unemployment, poverty, a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural
 output and loss of foreign markets. All together, these problems have led
 to contraction of the local labour market and mass outflow of the
 economically active part of the population. Using the example of
 Kyrgyzstan the author assesses the interconnection between economic
 decline and economic migration in the post-Soviet era. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 237-252 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996002
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:237-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonya Dilova-Kirkowa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sonya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dilova-Kirkowa 
Title: Corporate Governance in Bulgarian State-owned Banks, 1992-1997 
Abstract:
  Among the problems faced by Bulgarian state-owned banks, one can
 distinguish their poor corporate governance. The latter is analysed in
 three dimensions, namely ownership and organisational structures, and bank
 involvement in enterprise restructuring. Unclear delineated property
 rights and postponed banking privatisation enforced political interference
 in institutions responsible for managing state-ownership, thus alleviating
 the transparency of their activities. Exogenously imposed rules of
 financial intermediation, including forced mergers, seemed to take some
 time before yielding positive results. But their negative impact was
 almost immediate, which reflected in deteriorating financial performance
 of state-owned banks. We argue that the equity structure of state-owned
 banks determined their investment operations, while deposits from
 non-financial sector were widely used for refinancing banking sector. It
 is questionable whether state-owned banks could be regarded as sound in
 1992-97, given a lack of proper provisioning till 1996. Both profitability
 and efficiency ratios of studied five state-owned banks indicated the
 anticipated problems. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 253-265 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379996011 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379996011
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:2:p:253-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julius Horvath 
Author-X-Name-First: Julius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Horvath 
Title: The May 1997 Currency Crisis in the Czech Republic 
Abstract:
  This article discusses some issues related to the Czech currency crisis
 in May 1997. First, it evaluates the role of different factors which were
 linked with the crisis. These include the role of monetary and fiscal
 policy, current account deficit, real exchange rate appreciation, slower
 growth, political instability as well as possible contagious effects. The
 second part describes how the crisis evolved, what defence was used by the
 central bank, and how the pegged regime was abandoned and replaced by the
 managed float. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-298 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995896 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995896
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:277-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Panagiotis Liargovas 
Author-X-Name-First: Panagiotis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liargovas 
Title: An Assessment of Real Exchange Rate Movements in the Transition Economies of Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  One common development in the transition economies of Central and Eastern
 Europe is the real appreciation of their exchange rates at the beginning
 of the 1990s. This article makes an assessment of the real exchange rate
 movements in transition economies at the beginning of the 1990s. After
 reviewing the main theories which explain real exchange rate patterns, it
 investigates the importance and the sources of these movements. Are these
 movements an equilibrium change resulting from an initial policy measure
 (e.g. devaluation), or they are due to divergent cost and price
 developments, or to different productivity trends or to increased capital
 inflows? 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 299-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995904 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995904
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:299-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christos Papazoglou 
Author-X-Name-First: Christos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Papazoglou 
Title: Exchange Rate Policy and Output Growth: The Experience of the Transition Economies of Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  This article examines the contribution of exchange rate policy to output
 growth in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. The
 analysis identifies two major channels through which the exchange rate
 affects output. The first is the direct effect which operates on output
 through its impact on international price competitiveness. The second
 channel, the indirect one, relies on the close association between
 disinflation and growth in these countries. That is, to the extent that
 the exchange rate policy has contributed to lower inflation in these
 countries it has indirectly caused higher economic growth. The experience
 of these economies as well as the results of a preliminary empirical
 analysis strongly suggest that both channels are very important to output
 growth. In addition, the analysis indicates that a fixed exchange rate
 regime during the transition process may serve the growth objective better
 since, to the extent that it is more effective in reducing inflation, it
 exerts a positive influence on output growth through the direct channel as
 well. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 319-336 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995913 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:319-336




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Kerr 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kerr 
Title: The Chinese and Russian Energy Sectors: Comparative Change and Potential Interaction 
Abstract:
  China and Russia had comparable shares of world supply of and demand for
 energy in 1997 but this was the result of opposing trends. Despite
 dramatic decline in energy intensity, demand growth in China has exceeded
 supply growth in the 1990s by 1% per annum, leading to the first deficit
 in primary energy supply in 1997. This deficit is projected to reach 9% of
 total demand by 2010, forcing China to become a significant competitor for
 international energy resources. Energy demand in Russia fell 6% per annum
 1991-96, only two-thirds of GDP decline but more than supply, indicating
 an increasing share of exports in production, with the change from
 inter-regional to international supply within the Former Soviet Union a
 further significant factor. Russia has no difficulty finding a market for
 its oil exports but these are projected to be lower than present levels by
 2010. In gas, conversely, where it has a unique endowment, it is losing
 share in its established European markets, encouraging a turn to the
 world's largest energy deficit region-the Asia Pacific Region. This
 article examines these comparative changes and the potential of energy to
 form the core of the emerging economic relationship between Russia and
 China. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 337-372 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995922 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995922
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:337-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nina Orlova 
Author-X-Name-First: Nina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orlova 
Author-Name: Per Ronnas 
Author-X-Name-First: Per 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ronnas 
Title: The Crippling Cost of an Incomplete Transformation: The Case of Moldova 
Abstract:
  Moldova holds the unenviable distinction of having suffered the largest
 fall in gross domestic product (GDP) and living standards among the former
 socialist countries in Europe. By the end of 1998 GDP had fallen to a mere
 30% of its level in 1990, while living standards had plummeted from a
 situation of relative well-being before independence to one of abject
 poverty today. The country is presently in such severe economic
 difficulties that the fundamental social and political fabrics of society
 are at risk. Yet Moldova was for a long time praised by the IMF and others
 as a progressive reformer and 'over-achiever' in terms of macroeconomic
 stabilisation policies. It would appear that the virtual economic collapse
 can be attributed to two main factors. Firstly, an extreme external shock
 resulting from the collapse of the former Soviet Union and, secondly and
 more recently, yet another external shock following from the financial
 collapse in Russia in the autumn of 1998. Arguably, the second of these
 shocks reflects internal weaknesses, primarily a failure to detach the
 economy from that of Russia and to radically reorient it towards other
 countries and markets after independence, but also inadequate economic and
 political reform and institution building. The first part of the article
 is devoted to an analysis of the economic decline since independence, with
 particular emphasis on the past few years. In the second part the social
 and human consequences of the economic decline are examined. Drawing on
 data from detailed income/expenditure surveys, the decline in living
 standards, changing composition of sources of incomes and expenditure
 patterns resulting from dramatic decline in cash incomes and the rising
 inequality are analysed. The parallel erosion of education, health care
 and social security is examined in the light of the dramatic decline of
 the public sector in absolute terms. The article ends with a discussion of
 the reasons behind this unfortunate development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 373-397 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995931 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995931
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:373-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Korovilas 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korovilas 
Title: The Albanian Economy in Transition: The Role of Remittances and Pyramid Investment Schemes 
Abstract:
  The Albanian economy in the 1990s experienced a rapid recovery from its
 near-collapse in 1992. The rapid economic growth between 1993 and 1996 was
 exceptional by East European standards, and represented the highest rate
 of sustained economic growth of all transition economies. This
 investigation indicates that the standard explanations for recovery and
 growth in transition economies, such as the pace of economic reform or the
 levels of domestic and foreign investment, do not adequately explain the
 rapid growth of the Albanian economy. Factors specific to Albania also
 need to be considered. The main conclusion drawn here is that the success
 of the Albanian economy in the mid-1990s rested largely upon the inflow of
 remittances from Albanians working abroad. These remittances are shown to
 have been much greater in value than was previously assumed by the IMF: in
 the region of $700 million per annum rather than $400 million. Remittances
 are also found to have played a much greater role in Albania's economic
 recovery than was previously recognised. It is demonstrated that the rise
 of pyramid investment schemes in 1996 was closely linked to the inflow of
 remittances. Such schemes are also found to have played a part in fuelling
 the rapid economic growth in the Albanian economy, before their collapse
 in 1997. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-415 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995940 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995940
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:3:p:399-415




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Author-Name: Veronika Kabalina 
Author-X-Name-First: Veronika 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabalina 
Title: Employment in the New Private Sector in Russia 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the question: how many people are employed in the
 new private sector in Russia and what are the principal characteristics of
 the new private firms that employ them? Following a review of the
 available data, the analysis of new household survey data suggests that
 the new private sector in Russia is much healthier than many pessimistic
 commentators have supposed. It has not played the transformative role that
 optimists might have hoped, but it has been growing steadily through the
 1990s and now dominates the branches of trade, catering and services that
 it has made its own. On the other hand, the new private sector has made
 much less progress in the productive sphere and its future prospects in
 the absence of overall economic growth are more uncertain. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 421-443 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995823 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995823
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:421-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Popov 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Popov 
Title: Investment, Restructuring and Performance in Transition Economies 
Abstract:
  This article seeks to test whether there is evidence that investment
 affects economic performance as measured by changes in GDP during
 transition: we find that differences in performance are associated mostly
 not with investment patterns but with varying marginal capital
 productivity. There is some evidence that higher investment generally
 contributes to greater restructuring. However, the link between industrial
 restructuring at the macro level and economic performance (GDP change) is
 not straightforward: shifts in industrial structure
 (industry/agriculture/services) and changes in the share of defence
 expenditure in GDP do not appear to affect performance, but there is a
 strong link between increases in export/GDP ratios and better capital
 productivity and performance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 445-462 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995832 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995832
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:445-462




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lukasz Konopielko 
Author-X-Name-First: Lukasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Konopielko 
Title: Foreign Banks' Entry into Central and East European Markets: Motives and Activities 
Abstract:
  This article presents some theoretical issues of multinational banking
 and their application to the pattern of foreign banks' operations in three
 selected Central European countries: Poland, Hungary and the Czech
 Republic, using postal survey results and an OLS/logit model of entry
 determinants. Additionally, the effects of foreign banks' entry in these
 countries are discussed. A detailed review of foreign banks' activities is
 presented in the Appendix. Foreign banks appear to be one of the most
 important factors influencing the shape of banking sectors in the
 countries analysed. However, banks' profiles differ, depending on the
 individual host country's level of development and privatisation progress.
 Generally, their activities tend to focus mostly on corporate services,
 while the perceived need for support of the client base is the most
 important reason for expansion. Although the direct benefits from entry
 are limited, indirect ones are quite evident, especially in the areas of
 corporate finance and foreign trade services. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 463-485 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995841 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995841
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:463-485




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petra Opitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Petra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Opitz 
Author-Name: Thomas Sauer 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sauer 
Title: Strategic Technology Alliances: A Way to Innovative Enterprises in Russia? 
Abstract:
  This article examines whether, how, and to what extent international
 technology partnerships of Russian enterprises and research institutes
 contribute to their technological capability building. It presents results
 obtained by analysis of both a unique survey of Russian enterprises and
 research institutes co-operating with Western partners in seven selected
 high-technology fields and four Russian regions with a high concentration
 of R&D, and additional evidence from 16 in-depth interviews with managers
 of such Russian high-technology entities (HTE). 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 487-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995850 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995850
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:487-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Branimir Kristofic 
Author-X-Name-First: Branimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristofic 
Title: Who is Running Croatian Enterprises? 
Abstract:
  According to the results of empirical studies, the Croatian
 post-socialist executive elite contains an equal number of old socialist
 directors and new managers. The data presented therefore provide equal
 support for the thesis of survival and for the thesis of change in the
 elite. The thesis of conversion of power is supported by data on share
 ownership. Through the process of privatisation the majority of directors
 converted the power they had under socialism into shares. Since the new
 elite is younger and less educated than the socialist cadres the thesis of
 technocratic continuity cannot be accepted. Changes in ideology are
 reflected in the data on party membership. Under socialism, about 15% of
 directors were not members of the Communist Party, and today almost
 two-thirds of managers are not members of any party. But among those who
 are party members, most are in the ruling HDZ party. Regardless of party
 (dis)affiliation, the vast majority of both the elite and citizens
 accepted the new ideology which gives priority to the nation over the
 individual. This resulted in a delay in solving the problems which have
 appeared in the process of privatisation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 503-517 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995869 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995869
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:503-517




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emil Erjavec 
Author-X-Name-First: Emil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erjavec 
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: Ales Kuhar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ales 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhar 
Author-Name: Vesna Valant 
Author-X-Name-First: Vesna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valant 
Title: Firm Level Restructuring in the Slovenian Food Industry 
Abstract:
  During the 1990s Slovenia has moved toward a more market-based economy
 with a greater role for the private sector in asset ownership, production
 and price determination. The Slovenian food industry comprises a small
 number of producers operating in a comparatively modest market. Primary
 and secondary data analysis indicates that firms are largely oriented to a
 domestic market that is significantly protected. This has augmented
 profitability in the sector, albeit with substantial variations between
 branches. Profit levels (measured as cash flow as a percentage of
 turnover) are relatively high. If Slovenia joins the EU, food
 manufacturers operating in an enlarged European Single Market will not be
 afforded the degree of protection they currently receive and this heralds
 a substantial challenge to enterprise managers. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 519-539 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995878 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995878
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:519-539




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Training Needs in Russian Industrial Companies: Assessment by CEOs 
Abstract:
  The article reports on the results of a recent survey of 740 Russian CEOs
 on their attitudes towards business education. It was found that the
 implied demand of Russian CEOs for managerial retraining is consistent, as
 retraining is seen as a remedy for current rather than fundamental
 problems in managerial efficiency, and it is insolvent as Russian
 companies currently are not ready for serious investment in human
 resources. In addition, there are low chances for dissemination of
 knowledge and skills within the company as Russian CEOs do not value
 coaching and mentoring. Some policy recommendations are provided. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 541-549 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631379995887 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631379995887
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:541-549




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Dyker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyker 
Title: The Structural Origins of the Russian Economic Crisis 
Abstract:
  One of the outstanding characteristics of the Russian economy over the
 decade of transition has been the lack of structural change, whether in
 terms of the structure of production, of investment, of exports, or of key
 institutions like banks. It is argued that this is one of the main
 underlying reasons for continued stagnation in the performance levels of
 the Russian economy. Various possible reasons for continued structural
 sclerosis are examined. Restrictiveness in Western trade policies vis-a
 &#xa4; -vis Russia, it is argued, has been a factor of marginal
 importance. Much more central has been a complex of domestic factors
 turning on the dominance of 'insiders' in the Russian economy, and the
 continued prevalence of feudal/paternalistic attitudes among these
 insiders. Concerned primarily with controls over stocks (of assets) rather
 than flows (of income), these insiders are peculiarly ill-fitted for the
 task of restructuring capital stocks in such a way as to strengthen the
 corresponding flows. And because Russian neo-feudalism discourages rather
 than encourages the development of trust, it is not clear that it can grow
 into anything better in the future. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-24 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002648 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:5-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iikka Korhonen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iikka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korhonen 
Title: Currency Boards in the Baltic Countries: What Have We Learned? 
Abstract:
  Straightforward exchange rate arrangements known as currency boards have
 gained popularity during the past decade. Among transition economies,
 Estonia first introduced a currency board in 1992, followed by Lithuania
 in 1994 and Bulgaria in 1997. Currency boards have been useful in
 achieving macroeconomic stabilisation, and they may have helped the
 Baltics become the first countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) to
 achieve economic growth after the slump in production of the early 1990s.
 Moreover, Baltic inflation performance has been substantially better than
 in other FSU countries. Both in Estonia and Lithuania the present exchange
 rate system has been accompanied by strong real appreciation of the
 currency, although it is widely accepted that the currencies were very
 much undervalued when they were initially pegged. However, if rapid real
 appreciation is accompanied by increases in labour productivity, the
 present pegs can be maintained. Banking crises in Estonia and Lithuania
 have not been particularly severe, so apparently rigid currency pegs have
 not been accompanied by excessive financial sector instability. The tight
 fiscal policies pursued in both countries, especially Estonia, have been
 instrumental to the success of these currency board arrangements. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 25-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002657 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:25-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Kopsidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kopsidis 
Title: Disintegration of Russian Grain Markets in Transition: Political and Economic Dimensions 
Abstract:
  Between 1990 and 1996 the share of interregionally traded grain in the
 total amount of grain domestically available in the Russian Federation was
 reduced significantly. Much evidence indicates that the decline of the
 domestic grain trade has mainly been the result of strict control by
 regional authorities following their own agricultural market policy, of a
 lack of market institutions, and of uncertain macroeconomic conditions,
 thus creating a favourable environment only for increasing barter trade.
 In addition to the weakness of the federal government, which has not been
 able to enforce the basic rules necessary for the development of a
 functioning domestic market, the outcome of privatisation of state grain
 marketing organisations has accelerated the emergence of fragmented
 Russian grain markets. Regional authorities have managed to gain control
 over the newly privatised enterprises. This has facilitated the creation
 of regional monopolies and the isolation of local markets. In addition,
 increasing transaction costs in interregional trade due to the rise of
 barter trade have led to a contraction of the trade volume. After the
 financial crisis of 1998 these disintegrative tendencies have been
 strengthened further. In this difficult situation only close cooperation
 between reform-oriented regions can help to create conditions which
 facilitate the emergence of a domestic grain market in the long run. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002666 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002666
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:47-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Walkenhorst 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walkenhorst 
Title: Foreign Direct Investment, Technological Spillovers and the Agricultural Transition in Central Europe 
Abstract:
  The article reports on spillovers from foreign direct investment to
 related industries in Central European transition countries. In
 particular, the impact of foreign investment in the sugarbeet-processing
 industry on the wider agro-food sector is investigated. The empirical
 findings indicate that foreign direct investment brings not only much
 needed capital to the region but also managerial and technological skills
 which are in similarly short supply. Technical support in the form of
 training programmes, pilot demonstration projects and innovative contract
 designs is found to help foreign affiliates secure sufficient high quality
 raw material supplies, while inducing sector-wide improvements in
 agricultural productivity and agri-business practices. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 61-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002675 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002675
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:61-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Oldfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldfield 
Title: Structural Economic Change and the Natural Environment in the Russian Federation 
Abstract:
  Many of Russia's contemporary environmental problems can be related, at
 least in part, to the activities of the Soviet period. However, the
 strength of this relationship can sometimes result in the environmental
 influences of post-Soviet society being ignored or understated. In
 recognition of this fact, this article examines the relationship between
 structural economic change and the natural environment in the post-Soviet
 period. The first part of the article is concerned with general economic
 trends and associated environmental consequences during the period 1990 to
 1997. It then moves on to consider the environmental repercussions of
 structural changes within the country's industrial and agricultural
 sectors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 77-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002684 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002684
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:77-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. March-Poquet 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: March-Poquet 
Title: What Type of Transition is Cuba Undergoing? 
Abstract:
  Since 1990 the Cuban economy has faced a crisis comparable with those in
 Eastern Europe. However, since 1995 approximately, the Cuban reform has
 been showing significant results in terms of economic recovery and
 financial adjustment. As is the case with the Chinese reform, the
 stabilising, privatising and liberalising measures taken in Cuba point to
 a reform strategy essentially different from that followed in Eastern
 Europe. This article shows two relevant aspects of the Cuban case: first,
 the Cuban reform is a transition process toward the market although forced
 by external circumstances and still at an early developmental stage;
 second, the Cuban transition is in line with the evolutionary conception
 of a transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 91-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002693 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002693
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:91-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jai Mah 
Author-X-Name-First: Jai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mah 
Author-Name: Donatas Tamulaitis 
Author-X-Name-First: Donatas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamulaitis 
Title: A Note on Investment Incentives in the WTO and the Transition Economies 
Abstract:
  Most of the transition economies are already members of or in the process
 of accession to the WTO. Therefore their investment incentive regimes need
 to be compatible with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing
 Measures in the WTO. This study compares the fiscal investment incentives
 in the transition economies provided to foreign investors and shows which
 are expected to be phased out soon owing to their inconsistency with the
 current WTO regulations. It would be to their own benefit for these
 economies to make their investment policies consistent with the relevant
 WTO provisions, to take steps to eliminate subsidies prohibited in the WTO
 system and to try not to waste their resources, considering that the
 incentives may be subjected to countervailing measures by WTO members. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-130 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050002701 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050002701
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:1:p:119-130




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niko Gobbin 
Author-X-Name-First: Niko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gobbin 
Author-Name: Bruno Merlevede 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merlevede 
Title: The Russian Crisis: A Debt Perspective 
Abstract:
  On 17 August 1998 the Russian authorities devalued the ruble, suspended
 repayments of ruble-denominated government paper and announced a
 moratorium on the Russian foreign debt. By doing so the government brought
 the domestic banking sector to the edge of bankruptcy and risked losing
 the little international faith still remaining in its abilities to
 restructure the economy. In this article we examine the deeper causes of
 the crisis. After having analysed its antecedents we gather our new
 insights into a basic stylised model of the crisis. The outcome of the
 model is then linked to the actual data and events. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 141-163 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043616 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043616
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:141-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Avdasheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Avdasheva 
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Title: Asymmetric Information and the Russian Individual Savings Market 
Abstract:
  The article considers the influence of informational imperfections on the
 performance of the Russian financial market. The focus is on the
 individual savings market, which exhibits inefficiencies, including those
 associated with the market power of a dominant agent&#x2014;Sberbank.
 Reinforcement of Sberbank's dominance on the market in the period 1994-98
 (before the August default combined with financial crisis) is explained as
 a consequence of asymmetric information about the probability of
 bankruptcy of a new bank. Under asymmetric information a new private bank
 has to provide specific quality signals in order to attract depositors.
 Two major lines of inquiry are the criteria for choosing forms of savings,
 including that of a bank in which to deposit money, by Russian citizens,
 and banks' advertising strategies to confirm the factual risk of default.
 Within the conceptual framework of a game with separating equilibrium, we
 analyse the behaviour of the agents on both supply and demand sides in the
 market. We find that there is evidence of using advertising as a tool of
 quality signalling at a certain phase of the Russian individual savings
 market's development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 165-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043625 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043625
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:165-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Ken 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Author-Name: Changcheng Zhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Changcheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou 
Title: New Private Enterprises in Three Transitional Contexts: Central Europe, the Former Soviet Union and China 
Abstract:
  This article compares the new private businesses that have been created
 in three transitional (from communism) contexts: Central Europe (Hungary,
 Poland and Slovakia), the former Soviet Union (Armenia, Georgia and
 Ukraine) and Asia (China). There have been major differences among these
 world regions in the contexts created for the development of new
 enterprises: in the pace of change, the extent to which state control and
 the rule of law have been maintained or created, whether there has been
 economic growth, decline or stagnation, the degrees of political
 continuity and the length of the communist period. Despite the contrasting
 contexts, there have been many similarities in the characteristics of new
 private businesses, but alongside some major differences: in the types of
 business with which beginners have usually commenced, the match with their
 specialities, whether self-employment has normally been a full-time or
 part-time occupation, whether or not the state has been perceived as
 basically supportive, in uses of the second economies and bribery, and
 whether sole proprietorship or partnership has been the normal initial
 business arrangement. It is concluded that there are just two essential
 conditions for successful transition (as regards the development of small
 business sectors): economic growth and the rule of law. Thereafter
 everything seems to depend on creating a favourable configuration of
 conditions which, our evidence suggests, is most likely when countries
 have maximum scope to plot their own transitional routes. It is argued
 that imposing one allegedly correct approach will usually be
 counter-productive. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 187-199 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043634 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043634
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:187-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhiqiang Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiqiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: The Nature of China's Economic Growth in the Past Two Decades 
Abstract:
  The Chinese economy has grown at record rates since the start of the
 market-oriented reforms in 1978. Motivated by the Asian productivity
 debate, this article provides an assessment of the role of total factor
 productivity in China's economic growth in the past two decades. We
 identify four main factors in the productivity growth: efficiency gain at
 the micro level; improvement in resource allocation; diffusion of
 technology through foreign direct investment; and improvement in
 infrastructure. We also argue that further state-owned enterprise and
 banking reforms, an emerging entrepreneurial class and greater research
 and development efforts are additional driving forces for the medium to
 long-term total factor productivity growth in China. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 201-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043643 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043643
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:201-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexei Izyumov 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Izyumov 
Author-Name: Leonid Kosals 
Author-X-Name-First: Leonid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosals 
Author-Name: Rosalina Ryvkina 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryvkina 
Title: Defence Industry Transformation in Russia: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey 
Abstract:
  The article is devoted to the new phenomena in the market transformation
 of the Russian defence-industrial complex. Based on the data generated by
 the repeated survey of the CEOs (general directors) of defence enterprises
 in 1995-99, it examines economic performance of enterprises, their
 conflicts with the government and efforts at internal restructuring
 brought about by reductions of Russia's defence spending, mass
 privatisation and opening up of the domestic market. We found that despite
 the dramatic reduction in defence orders, inconsistent government policies
 and extremely unfavourable macroeconomic environment, the Russian defence
 industry has made significant progress in its adjustment to the market.
 Even before the devaluation of the ruble in the autumn of 1998 economic
 performance of defence enterprises had been gradually improving; it
 entered a virtual boom since then. Contrary to widely held views, the
 painful experience of the 1990s has not made the top managers of the
 defence industry more hostile to reforms: at the end of the decade they
 were generally more supportive of the market than in 1995. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 215-228 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043652 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043652
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:215-228




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gennady Polonsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Gennady 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polonsky 
Author-Name: Zaven Aivazian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zaven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aivazian 
Title: Restructuring Russian Industry: Can It Really Be Done? 
Abstract:
  The authors argue that under the current political and economic
 conditions the restructuring of Russian enterprises on a mass scale is
 impossible, because the aims and methods of the restructuring programme
 often get in the way of the interests of different groups who in fact
 prosper on the inefficiency of private enterprise. These groups pay lip
 service to the restructuring process but do everything possible to slow
 down and block the process when their interests are threatened. The only
 group which is truly interested in restructuring of an enterprise is the
 middle managers. However, they are the least influential and least
 organised to affect enterprise restructuring. The article also addresses
 the legislation and especially the new law on bankruptcy, which
 potentially could speed up the restructuring process to a considerable
 extent. However, owing to the activities of some of the interest groups
 analysed, the law is failing to achieve its original aim. The occasional
 success stories have a very limited impact on Russian industries and in
 fact confirm the argument. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 229-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043661 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043661
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:229-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koen Schoors 
Author-X-Name-First: Koen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoors 
Title: A Note on Building a Database on Russian Banks: Fieldwork Against the Odds 
Abstract:
  This note describes how I constructed a reliable database on Russian
 banks in early transition. I describe in detail data sourcing, data
 verification and the representativeness of the resulting database. The
 note makes available for research a database that captures the genesis of
 a commercial banking system and is therefore very interesting. Moreover,
 the note suggests that the availability of data in Russia might in
 practice be better than generally perceived. Often the data do exist, but
 it takes a lot of time and effort to find them and turn them into a
 user-friendly format. Mastering the Russian language and a fair portion of
 perseverance are a great help in this respect. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 241-249 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050043670 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050043670
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:2:p:241-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Winiecki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winiecki 
Title: Solving Foreign Trade Puzzles in Post-Communist Transition 
Abstract:
  This article deals with the foreign trade of East-Central European
 countries in post-communist transition. It is primarily concerned with
 explaining certain early transition developments, unexpected and often
 neglected by policy makers and experts alike. The contribution of foreign
 trade to the generally unexpected steep output fall registered by each of
 these countries is discussed, stressing the inevitability of the
 disappearance of distorted demand patterns with the fall of communism and
 explaining why distorted demand was bound to affect not only the level of
 domestic output but also imports associated with the distorted demand.
 Exports to other former CMEA countries therefore fell precipitously. Other
 issues analysed in the article concern causes and beneficial effects of
 the rapid Westward reorientation of foreign trade, as well as the
 disappearance of another legacy of the communist past, East-Central
 European Countries', that is dual export structure. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 261-278 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173397 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173397
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:261-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Title: Barter in the Russian Economy: Classifications and Implications (Evidence from Case Study Analyses) 
Abstract:
  This article addresses Russia's barter economy. Using interview data, it
 examines the mechanics of barter settlements and classifies the main types
 of non-monetary transactions. The major reason for barter is lack of a
 competitive monetary system. In the 1990s barter represented a specific
 vehicle to perform settlements. Barter itself is not a way to evade taxes
 or to defraud enterprises of assets. But barter changed the motivation of
 enterprises and led to systematic distortion of accounting data. The low
 transparency of the barter economy creates barriers for investment and
 restructuring. The barter economy is an insider's economy. The lack of
 affiliated entity regulation and mechanisms for disclosure of transactions
 with related parties stimulates insiders to criminal application of barter
 and monetary surrogates. Barter has become a profitable business for a
 number of important economic agents including financial intermediaries
 affiliated with top managers of the biggest privatised enterprises and
 government agencies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 279-291 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173405 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173405
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:279-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neven Borak 
Author-X-Name-First: Neven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borak 
Title: Western Rules for Eastern Banking 
Abstract:
  The article outlines the most significant changes in the banking sector
 and traces its possible future path in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in
 the context of competing banking models. The main conclusion is that
 despite the transition the orientation of the banking sector will be
 towards the government sector (including the central bank). The new
 network of financial interrelations that emerged during transition is
 characterised by the banking sector's significant net defensive position
 and creditor passivity. Although CEE countries are developing their
 financial systems in line with a universal banking model the aggregate
 balance sheets of their banking sectors reveal a structure that is more in
 line with other proposed models. Financial relations between households,
 the corporate sector and the state sector intermediated by the banking
 sector reveal a severe retreat of banks from the corporate sector in
 favour of maintenance of government and central bank operations. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 293-306 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173414 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173414
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:293-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luc Moers 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moers 
Title: Determinants of Enterprise Restructuring in Transition: Description of a Survey in Russian Industry 
Abstract:
  The survey described in this article collects data on enterprise
 restructuring, ownership, competition, budget constraints and,
 particularly, institutions in Russian industry, covering the period
 between the start of 1992 and September 1999. On their own, the survey
 answers show a devastating restructuring crisis, massive privatisation,
 rather weak competition, unexpectedly hard budget constraints, an
 overwhelmingly negative and relatively positive assessment of formal and
 informal institutions respectively, and largely the same ruling networks
 as before the start of market reforms. Ironically, tentative results based
 on this survey indicate that important determinants of enterprise
 restructuring in Russian industry are exactly those on which least reform
 has been accomplished: stronger competition and better institutions go
 with more restructuring, while privatisation and harder budget constraints
 do not. The substitution, to some extent, of informal for formal
 institutions may have prevented even worse restructuring figures, but
 better formal institutions in general would have led to further
 improvements. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 307-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173423 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173423
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:307-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yurii Perevalov 
Author-X-Name-First: Yurii 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perevalov 
Author-Name: Ilya Gimadii 
Author-X-Name-First: Ilya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gimadii 
Author-Name: Vladimir Dobrodei 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dobrodei 
Title: Does Privatisation Improve Performance of Industrial Enterprises? Empirical Evidence from Russia 
Abstract:
  This study, based on panel data from 189 industrial enterprises in
 1992-96, shows that privatisation 'on average' produces little improvement
 in performance of Russian enterprises. However, disaggregating the
 process, we reveal that methods of privatisation do influence performance
 but the impact is not always positive. The state seems to be a passive
 shareholder. At the same time, our results suggest that majority state
 ownership is preferable to a state minority stockholding, possibly because
 the absence of a monitoring shareholder in the latter case does not permit
 managers to achieve their own objectives at the expense of other
 shareholders. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 337-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173432 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:337-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Kontorovich 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kontorovich 
Title: Can Russia Resettle the Far East? 
Abstract:
  Russian scholars, politicians and media have been alarmed by the
 declining population of the Far East, seeing it as a step towards eventual
 takeover of the region by China. This article shows that the progressive
 depopulation of the Far East is a reality and will continue in the coming
 decades. In addition to natural decline, the Far Eastern population will
 shrink faster than that of Russia because of net outmigration. Economic
 stagnation will keep migration from the South of the region at its present
 low rates. Recovery will increase mobility and allow the present deferred
 migrants to leave for European Russia. In the unlikely event that the Far
 East outperforms the rest of the country economically, it will attract
 migrants. However, any inflow is likely to be small because of the
 shrinking populations in European Russia and other ex-Soviet republics,
 and the competition for migrants from other parts of the world. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 365-384 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050173441 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050173441
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:365-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Hedlund 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hedlund 
Title: Path Dependence in Russian Policy Making: Constraints on Putin's Economic Choice 
Abstract:
  A decade after the introduction of economic transition in Eastern Europe
 it was starting to become clear that initial beliefs in one-size-fits-all
 reforms had been unfounded. While some countries had made the grade,
 others- notably so Russia- had failed to live up to expectations. This
 article explores the Russian roots of that failure, arguing that the
 Russian reformers failed to take into account a deeply rooted Russian path
 dependence. By focusing narrowly on changes in the formal rules of the
 game, they neglected pressing needs for broader institutional change,
 including a credible commitment by the Russian government to impartially
 enforcing a rules-based system. It is argued that the legacy left for
 Vladimir Putin in important respects is even more dire than that left by
 Gorbachev for the El'tsin team. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 389-407 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216470 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216470
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:389-407




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Butorina 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Butorina 
Title: Implications of the Russian Crisis 
Abstract:
  The financial crisis of August 1998 caused grave consequences for Russia.
 Although the mechanism of financial crises in emerging market economies
 has been thoroughly studied, the role of transition specificity is still
 underestimated. In the West, there is a widely accepted opinion that
 fiscal problems were the main driving force behind the crisis. The article
 contests this view and reveals a number of fundamental reasons that have
 brought a decade of market romanticism to a bitter end. In fact, the
 crisis disclosed serious misalignments in the strategy of reforms.
 Premature liberalisation and a far-fetched reliance on monetarist tools
 coupled with a lack of institutional, microeconomic and legal
 transformation hampered the development of market forces, provoked glaring
 macroeconomic discrepancies and, finally, led to a dramatic decline in
 production. Present Russian economic policy is aimed at reconciling market
 reforms with the Soviet economic heritage and the particular transition
 needs of the country. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 409-424 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216489 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216489
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:409-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maciej Baltowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Maciej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baltowski 
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz 
Title: Privatisation in Poland: Ten Years After 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to compare economic discussion on
 privatisation, expected privatisation outcomes and actual results in
 Poland. First it discusses the privatisation of state enterprises in the
 broader context of the economic transformation programme designed and
 introduced at the end of 1989 and the beginning of 1990. It examines the
 choice of privatisation methods, the political economy of privatisation
 and the three major policy issues: pace of privatisation, sequence of
 privatisation and the authority to initiate and carry out privatisation.
 The final section compares privatisation blueprints and actual results.
 The appendix presents a detailed technical guide to the privatisation
 methods in Poland and a basic set of figures illustrating the outcome. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 425-443 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216498 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216498
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:425-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Simon Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: The Intersectoral Terms of Trade and Their Impact on Urbanisation in China 
Abstract:
  The historical experience of developed countries shows that the economic
 development process and accompanying urbanisation represent a structural
 transformation from an economy dominated by agriculture to one dominated
 by non-agricultural activities. Therefore it is generally believed that
 the agricultural sector needs to make a net transfer of resources, both
 capital and labour, to other sectors in the processes of economic
 transformation and urbanisation. However, the process of urbanisation in a
 socialist economy can be negatively affected by its pattern of resource
 generation. On the basis of an analysis of the 'scissors' pricing
 mechanism to which the state had recourse for financing its
 industrialisation, this article argues that this kind of resource transfer
 did not necessarily favour a high rate of urban employment and
 urbanisation, regardless of the magnitude of the seizure of resources from
 the agricultural sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 445-462 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216506 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216506
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:445-462




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raul Eamets 
Author-X-Name-First: Raul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eamets 
Author-Name: Kadri Ukrainski 
Author-X-Name-First: Kadri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ukrainski 
Title: Hidden Unemployment in Estonia: Experience from the Early Years of Transition (1989-1996) 
Abstract:
  The aim of this article is to develop and deepen the discussion on this
 topic and analyse the methods of measuring hidden unemployment. This is
 important for giving an adequate overview of the situation of the labour
 market in Estonia and the scope of hidden unemployment and its development
 in the transition period. The following tasks are set to achieve this aim:
 to estimate different components of hidden unemployment in Estonia and to
 analyse the factors that influence this phenomenon in Estonia and thence
 form policy conclusions. In the analysis data from the Estonian Labour
 Force Survey (ELFS 97) carried out in 1997 are examined. Three logit
 models were calculated (for unemployed, underemployed and discouraged
 persons). The most important findings were that there are no general
 factors which could influence open and hidden unemployment at the same
 time, and that the factors influencing the components of hidden
 unemployment differ&#x2014;underemployment is probably influenced more by
 economic factors and discouragement more by psychological factors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 463-484 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216515 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216515
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:463-484




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexei Izyumov 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Izyumov 
Author-Name: Leonid Kosals 
Author-X-Name-First: Leonid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosals 
Author-Name: Rosalina Ryvkina 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryvkina 
Title: Privatisation of the Russian Defence Industry: Ownership and Control Issues 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the outcome of privatisation in the Russian defence
 industry in the second part of the 1990s. It is based on the results of
 the longitudinal survey of defence enterprises conducted over the period
 1995-99 in the main defence production regions of Russia: Moscow, St
 Petersburg, Central European region, Western Siberia, Volga region, the
 Urals and the Far East. Using the survey data, we investigate the
 distribution of ownership in defence enterprises and examine the
 non-linear relationship between ownership and control inside these
 enterprises. We also test the hypothesis of the growing criminal influence
 in defence enterprises and outline a possible future scenario for
 privatisation in the defence industry. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 485-496 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370050216524 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370050216524
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:12:y:2000:i:4:p:485-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Gara 
Author-X-Name-First: Mario 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gara 
Title: The Emergence of Non-monetary Means of Payment in the Russian Economy 
Abstract:
  The widespread use of non-cash payments in Russia is the result of a
 complex bundle of factors: tax evasion, established networks of
 enterprises and policy-induced causes. By use of non-monetary payments,
 agents have relaxed their liquidity constraints, but they still lack the
 financial resources needed to undertake investment and restructuring.
 Banks' credit provision is based on criteria other than the profitability
 of the recipient of the funds. The interest rate, coupled with the
 restructuring of the banking sector, could operate as an effective lever
 that may lead to a more economically consistent management of liquidity
 and could also reduce capital flight. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031496 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:5-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Libor Krkoska 
Author-X-Name-First: Libor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krkoska 
Title: Assessing Macroeconomic Vulnerability in Central Europe 
Abstract:
  The Central European transition-accession countries Have experienced
 several periods of macroeconomic vulnerability since the end of output
 declines in the early 1990s. Some notable periods, which resulted in a
 necessity to implement extensive stabilisation measures, are March 1995 in
 Hungary, May 1997 in the Czech Republic and September 1998 in the Slovak
 Republic. This article shows that the standard early warning indicators
 provided useful information on macroeconomic vulnerability prior to the
 crises in Central Europe, although this information had been mainly
 indicative; that is, early warning indicators would not have allowed one
 to predict the crises and their timing. However, the growing gap between
 current account deficit and foreign direct investment (FDI) in all the
 countries analysed did provide clear early warning of subsequent economic
 turbulence. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 41-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031504 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031504
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:41-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Panagiotis Liargovas 
Author-X-Name-First: Panagiotis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liargovas 
Author-Name: Dionysios Chionis 
Author-X-Name-First: Dionysios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chionis 
Title: Economic Integration between the European Union and the Transition Economies of Central European Initiative Countries 
Abstract:
  In this article we examine the main factors influencing trade and FDI
 flows between the transition countries of the Central European Initiative
 (CEI) and the EU member states. We distinguish three groups of CEI
 countries, according to the degree of trade and FDI integration with the
 EU: the 'fast mover' countries, the 'next tier' countries and the 'slow
 movers'. By estimating a number of trade and FDI equations we were able to
 locate the significance of alternative variables which affect the flows of
 trade between the CEI countries and the EU. According to our results, the
 low volume of trade and FDI between the 'next tier' and 'slow movers' of
 the CEI region, on one hand, and the EU, on the other, is a reflection of
 the fact that these particular countries have not yet achieved adequate
 institutional and economic reform while, at the same time, privatisation
 has not progressed as much. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 57-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031513 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031513
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:57-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marzenna Weresa 
Author-X-Name-First: Marzenna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weresa 
Title: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poland's Trade with the European Union 
Abstract:
  Over 75% of FDI in Poland originates from the EU. The EU also
 predominates in the exports and imports of FDI companies. The objective of
 this article is to examine whether FDI is likely to replace trade or to
 create new trade flows. In particular, the article shows the influence of
 FDI on Poland's trade with the EU. The FDI impact on Polish trade can be
 seen as its contribution to export creation. Moreover, externalities
 caused by trade and FDI inflow are influencing Polish specialisation
 patterns, which is important in the process of integrating the economy
 into the world market. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 71-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031522 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031522
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:71-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radmilo Pesic 
Author-X-Name-First: Radmilo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pesic 
Author-Name: Diana Urge-Vorsatz 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Urge-Vorsatz 
Title: Restructuring of the Hungarian Electricity Industry 
Abstract:
  Restructuring the monopolistic, state-owned, obsolete and polluting
 utility industries of post-socialist economies poses a challenge for the
 utility deregulation wave travelling around the world. Utility
 restructuring in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region is unique
 from several perspectives, including the domination of foreign capital vs.
 national resources as the only feasible vehicle for a drastic change in
 the industry and the ambitious goals of harmonisation with the EU
 liberalisation schedule to accelerate accession. It is also widely
 expected that deregulation will help bring down world-record high energy
 intensities in these economies. Hungary has been the pioneer among
 economies in transition in unbundling, deregulating and privatising the
 utility industries and taking the first steps towards EU-conforming market
 liberalisation within less than half a decade. The first stages of
 privatisation and restructuring have been declared a success story in the
 Western media. However, what is a success story from a foreign perspective
 may be seen differently from other viewpoints. The article describes the
 process of utility restructuring in Hungary and examines its impact from
 the economic, environmental and policy perspectives. The article also
 compares the pioneer Hungarian deregulation with other CEE countries'
 restructuring of their energy sectors. However, the lessons to be learned
 from the Hungarian electricity industry restructuring are not only vital
 for other economies in transition but are often universally applicable. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 85-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031531 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031531
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:85-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nick Freeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freeman 
Title: The Rise and Fall of Foreign Direct Investment in Laos, 1988-2000 
Abstract:
  Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played an important role in the
 development of Laos since the country embarked on an economic transition
 and business liberalisation programme in the late 1980s. However, in
 recent years Laos has witnessed a marked contraction in its cumulative FDI
 inflows. This article provides a profile of FDI activity in Laos over the
 past decade and identifies the various factors behind the rise, and
 subsequent decline, in foreign investment inflows during the 1990s. The
 article concludes by suggesting some of the ways in which Lao policy
 makers might seek to revive the country's flagging FDI sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 101-119 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031540 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031540
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:101-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calin Valsan 
Author-X-Name-First: Calin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valsan 
Title: Three Measures of Corporate Restructuring in a Transition Economy: The Case of Newly Privatised Romanian Companies 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the restructuring of newly privatised Romanian
 firms by focusing on three microeconomic variables. Changes in the number
 of personnel, the volume of fixed assets and the level of research and
 development are analysed in connection with measures of ownership
 structure and concentration. Overall, the evidence presented suggests that
 institutional (possibly foreign) outside stakeholders are more likely to
 foster restructuring and increase the likelihood of survival of newly
 privatised firms in Eastern Europe. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 121-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370020031559 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370020031559
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:1:p:121-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rasto Ovin 
Author-X-Name-First: Rasto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ovin 
Title: The Nature of Institutional Change in Transition 
Abstract:
  Contemporary empirical evidence of transition in Central and East
 European countries proves the importance of institutional change, as was
 claimed by advocates of this field of transition. The article assesses
 institutional change in the first phases of transition from the
 perspective of competing strategies: rapid changes versus gradualism.
 After pointing to some inconsistencies in this debate, the article
 discusses the possibility and prospects for development of a market for
 institutions in European transition countries. The main criterion which is
 used is the requirement for the rule of law as one of the foundations of a
 market economy. It concludes that undeveloped endogenous factors of
 institutional change still do not enable development of markets for
 institutions. Reluctance of national governments to act according to a
 long-run perspective is at present to a certain extent compensated by the
 presence of external factors of institutional change. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 133-146 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052636 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:133-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C. W. Neale 
Author-X-Name-First: C. W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neale 
Author-Name: S. Bozsik 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bozsik 
Title: How the Hungarian State-owned Banks were Privatised 
Abstract:
  Hungary was the first transition economy to complete the process of
 privatisating state banks. This article outlines this process in the light
 of the economic and financial pressures after 1989, which had severely
 weakened the financial condition of these banks. It describes the ways in
 which bank balance sheets were consolidated by state-underwritten loan
 write-offs and injections of capital within a new legislative framework.
 The main privatisations are described in a set of mini-case studies. The
 process was effectively complete by end-1997. The EBRD was closely
 involved as adviser and investor, significant revenue was generated for
 the state (albeit much lower than the consolidation support required),
 foreign strategic investors were attracted and no major financial
 institution had to be liquidated. Despite the attendant controversy and
 scandal, the Hungarian experience offers useful lessons to other
 transition economies which have yet to seriously address this issue. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 147-169 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052645 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052645
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:147-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Mathijs 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathijs 
Author-Name: Liesbet Vranken 
Author-X-Name-First: Liesbet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vranken 
Title: Human Capital, Gender and Organisation in Transition Agriculture: Measuring and Explaining the Technical Efficiency of Bulgarian and Hungarian Farms 
Abstract:
  Based on survey data on Bulgarian and Hungarian crop and dairy farms, a
 double-peaked distribution of technical efficiency is observed. Several
 factors explain differences in efficiency. Human capital matters not only
 through age and education but also through gender, as farms with a higher
 proportion of women are more efficient. Contracting with upstream
 processors increases efficiency through facilitating the adoption of
 technology and access to credits. The superiority of family farms over
 corporate farms is confirmed for crops but not for dairy produce. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 171-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052654 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:171-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Morris Bornstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Morris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bornstein 
Title: Post-privatisation Enterprise Restructuring 
Abstract:
  Post-privatisation restructuring of former state-owned enterprises
 (FSOEs) encompasses both shorter-run 'defensive' actions and longer-run
 'strategic' measures. Restructuring involves changes in corporate
 governance, organisational structure, management, labour, capital,
 technology, output and sales. Various performance indicators may measure
 the results of restructuring, but care is required in the selection and
 interpretation of indicators. In the restructuring of FSOEs foreign
 strategic investors have many advantages over domestic investors. The
 study includes examples from experience in the Czech Republic, Hungary and
 Poland. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 189-203 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052663 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052663
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:189-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonja Opper 
Author-X-Name-First: Sonja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Opper 
Title: Dual-track Ownership Reforms: Lessons from Structural Change in China, 1978-1997 
Abstract:
  The dual-track approach is characteristic of evolutionary reforms in
 China. The most important aspect of this dualism has been the reform of
 the ownership structure. On the one track, new, basically market-oriented
 institutions emerged in a parallel economy comprising non-state
 enterprises. On the other track, stateowned enterprises were retained and
 reforms were restricted to conservative policy changes bringing minor
 productivity-enhancing measures. In order to highlight the performance of
 the two tracks, a widely neglected indicator is employed to check the
 performance of enterprises: namely a structural comparison of the resource
 reallocation processes of both tracks over time. It becomes clear that
 structural adjustment was basically generated by the new track. In
 addition, it is shown that the increasing competition from the new track
 will not accelerate structural adjustment of the old track as long as
 institutional reforms of SOEs are not significantly extended. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 205-227 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052672 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052672
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:205-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Dacosta 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dacosta 
Author-Name: Wayne Carroll 
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carroll 
Title: Township and Village Enterprises, Openness and Regional Economic Growth in China 
Abstract:
  By most standards China's post-1978 economic reforms have been a colossal
 success. Much of that success can be attributed to China's encouragement
 of foreign trade and its shift from state-owned enterprises to more
 market-oriented institutions such as township and village enterprises
 (TVEs). This article uses a province-level panel analysis to measure the
 contribution these reforms have made to China's growth. Like earlier
 cross-section studies of economic growth rates, the model explains
 differences in growth rates of per capita income between provinces by
 using initial endowments, demographic variables and measures of investment
 in human and physical capital as explanatory variables. Important
 contributions in this study are its focus on the role of TVEs and foreign
 trade and its use of time series data from the provinces. The results are
 consistent with earlier cross-country studies: strong evidence of
 convergence, a positive role for lagged investment and an insignificant
 role for human capital investment as measured by school enrolment. China's
 market-oriented reform has also contributed to its growth: openness has
 played a positive role and township and village enterprises have been
 strongly significant. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 229-241 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120052681 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120052681
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:229-241




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Russell Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Author-Name: Zhai Qingguo 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qingguo 
Author-Name: Hu Wenguo 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenguo 
Title: Restructuring China's Petrochemical Enterprises: A Case Study of the Fushun Petrochemical Company 
Abstract:
  This article presents a case study of Fushun Petrochemical Company (FPC),
 which is a large state-owned enterprise (SOE) in Liaoning province under
 the control of China National Petroleum Corporation. In the first part of
 the article we argue that China's approach to the reform of large-scale
 SOEs in upstream industries such as petroleum has a sound economic logic.
 In the second part we use the recent restructuring of FPC to illustrate
 China's approach to reforming the petrochemical sector. We draw on
 interviews with managers and local government officials to discuss both
 the difficulties that the enterprise faced prior to reform and the main
 measures that were implemented during restructuring to address these
 problems. While the restructuring process at FPC has just been completed,
 we argue that the outcome provides some support for China's decision to
 promote large SOEs in upstream industries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 243-261 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370124898 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370124898
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:2:p:243-261




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bartlomiej Kaminski 
Author-X-Name-First: Bartlomiej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaminski 
Author-Name: Beata Smarzynska 
Author-X-Name-First: Beata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smarzynska 
Title: Integration into Global Production and Distribution Networks through FDI: The Case of Poland 
Abstract:
  Technological progress has led to increasing importance of the
 international division of labour organized around global production and
 distribution networks. Multinational corporations have been a driving
 force behind these developments. This article studies the role of MNCs in
 integrating a host country into the international system of division of
 labour in the context of Poland. It provides evidence of Poland's
 increasing participation in global production and distribution networks
 that is taking place through FDI inflows. It concludes that, thanks to a
 large volume of FDI inflows, Poland's exports driven by production
 fragmentation will continue to expand at even faster rates than those
 observed in recent years. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 265-288 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074830 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:265-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Franz Barjak 
Author-X-Name-First: Franz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barjak 
Title: Regional Disparities in Transition Economies: A Typology for East Germany and Poland 
Abstract:
  This article uses cluster analysis to construct a typology of regions for
 East Germany and Poland on the basis of indicators for economic capability
 and their determinants. The results show that, in both countries, the most
 capable regions are those with or in the vicinity of the largest
 agglomerations. Besides high income, low unemployment and population gains
 from migration, these regions have comparatively large stocks of qualified
 labour and participate in technical progress. Two regional types in
 particular could be established as problematic: (1) rural regions
 peripheral to the agglomerations and (2) old industrialised regions.
 Indicators of investment are not very well suited to indicating the future
 economic capability of regions under the circumstances of transformation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 289-311 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074849
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:289-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frode Nilssen 
Author-X-Name-First: Frode 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilssen 
Author-Name: Geir H&#xf8;nneland 
Author-X-Name-First: Geir 
Author-X-Name-Last: H&#xf8;nneland 
Title: Institutional Change and the Problems of Restructuring the Russian Fishing Industry 
Abstract:
  This article discusses how the transition from a planned towards a
 market-based economy has affected the Russian fishing industry. It is
 based on a series of studies of the Northwest Russian fishing industry,
 where evidence from its past role and functioning is contrasted with the
 current situation. The conceptual perspective drawn on is institutional
 theory, with a focus on higher-order institutions. One of the main
 findings is that the fishing companies stand out as the only surviving
 party in the game. The losers are the land-based fish processing industry,
 the mother ship and transport fleet, and the support structures, which
 depend on the activities generated by the prime production (fishing). It
 is argued that the new institutional arrangements necessarily force a new
 adaptation among the fishing companies, and suggested that some of the
 changes of the higher-order institutions have been less successful than
 initially assumed, as there still are several adverse elements in the
 Russian institutional arrangements that hinder further transition toward a
 marketbased economy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 313-330 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074858 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:313-330




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maks Tajnikar 
Author-X-Name-First: Maks 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tajnikar 
Title: Transitional Adjustment of Large Companies in Slovenia and Economic Policy 
Abstract:
  This article analyses transition crisis in large companies using the case
 of Slovenia. According to the accounting data for 1991 and 1997 a great
 part of the transition crisis was centred in large companies. In Slovenia,
 in general crisis conditions in large companies arose because of a very
 high or very low capital/labour ratio and the inability of management to
 cope with redundant capital or labour. Only recently have unfavourable
 market and financial positions become more important, but they are still
 not the most important factor. Companies which oriented themselves to
 foreign markets and invested, succeeded in making profits in spite of
 increased debts and an unfavourable debt/equity ratio. Large companies in
 state ownership have preserved soft budget constraints. Many companies
 shrank drastically; they have survived, but their efficiency is low. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 331-344 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074867 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074867
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:331-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dick Nanto 
Author-X-Name-First: Dick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nanto 
Author-Name: Radha Sinha 
Author-X-Name-First: Radha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha 
Title: China: A Major Economic Power? 
Abstract:
  For almost quarter of a century since the U.S. normalization of
 diplomatic relations with China and the beginning of economic reforms
 under the leadership of Deng Xioaping, two incidents virtually coinciding
 together, the PRC has achieved impressive, although not unprecedented,
 rates of economic growth. The future rate of growth of the Chinese economy
 will depend not only on continuing economic reforms, but also having a
 tolerable level of social unrest, and achieving a reasonable level of
 entrepreneurial and bureaucratic efficiency. On the international side,
 growth will require access to world markets for Chinese exports, continued
 access to foreign capital and technology, and regional peace. On current
 reckoning it seems that economic growth of anything between five and seven
 percent may continue for the forseeable future. This paper tries to
 analyze the problems and the prospects of China emerging as a major
 economic power and it's economic and political implications. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 345-372 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074876
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:345-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilhelm Schollmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schollmann 
Title: Foreign Participation in Privatisation: What does it Mean? Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland 
Abstract:
  This article conveys an understanding of the scope and pattern of foreign
 involvement in the overall privatisation programmes of three prominent
 countries in transition: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It starts
 with a short description of the respective privatisation programmes,
 singling out property rights at the onset of transition and what imprint
 the interests of company insiders had on privatisation policies. It
 combines this with quantitative and qualitative data and arguments on
 foreign involvement in the different phases of the privatisation
 programmes to come to an assessment of foreign involvement in the Czech,
 Hungarian and Polish privatisation programmes as a whole. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 373-388 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074885 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074885
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:373-388




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barry Worthington 
Author-X-Name-First: Barry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Worthington 
Title: Riding the 'J' Curve&#x2014;Tourism and Successful Transition in Estonia? 
Abstract:
  This article is concerned with the function of the service industries in
 the transition from a Soviet planned economy to a market-oriented Western
 type of economy. In particular, it will examine the role of the tourism
 industry in economic transition in Estonia between 1985 and 1995. The
 economics of transition have hitherto been largely viewed within the
 context of a macroeconomic orthodoxy&#x2014;an orthodoxy which has made
 use of the 'success story' of the Estonian economy to underline the
 validity of its point of view. This contribution will offer an alternative
 view of a successful instance of transition from a microeconomic
 perspective, and will suggest that the service sector&#x2014;including
 tourism&#x2014;was perhaps the transition catalyst. A large part of the
 content is based on personal research conducted in Estonia in the period
 1992, 1995 and 1996. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 389-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120074894 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120074894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:3:p:389-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Schonfelder 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfelder 
Title: Debt Collection, Foreclosure and Bankruptcy in the Czech Republic: An Economic Analysis 
Abstract:
  Using the examples of debt collection and bankruptcy, this article seeks
 to demonstrate that the development of market institutions in
 post-communism is a much more complicated and lengthy process than those
 who call for brisk institution 'building' tend to believe. The Czech
 Republic provides a particularly illuminating example since, unlike in
 most other post-communist countries, the Czech judiciary has been
 genuinely independent and relatively well paid. Also, as far as we can
 tell, corruption has been of little significance. Moreover, in contrast to
 Hungary or Poland, Czech debt collection and bankruptcy law has been
 basically creditor-oriented since 1991. Nevertheless, the judiciary has
 been unable and, at times, unready to implement this pro-creditor stance,
 and greatly concerned about protecting debtors. This has been due to a
 large variety of reasons. This does not mean that the Czech attempt has
 failed. Rather, there has been substantial progress, but this progress has
 come about gradually and has had to overcome numerous unexpected
 obstacles. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 409-430 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095639 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:409-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Bonin 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonin 
Author-Name: Bozena Leven 
Author-X-Name-First: Bozena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leven 
Title: Can State-owned Banks Promote Enterprise Restructuring? Evidence from One Polish Bank's Experience 
Abstract:
  In this paper, we take a detailed look at one Polish bank's experiences
 with financial sector reforms focusing on a bank-led
 enterprise-restructuring plan that linked directly bank privatization and
 recapitalization to bad-debt workouts. Based on personal interviews and
 original statistical data, we evaluate the performance of Bank
 Depozytowo-Kredytowy (BDK) in promoting financial and operational
 restructuring of its clients. We found that BDK continued to provide soft
 lending to keep four old military-industrial companies afloat and actually
 increased its exposure to these companies during the program. The five
 success stories among BDK's clients were companies that had external
 agents other than the bank promoting and monitoring their operational
 restructuring. From our case study of BDK, we conclude that, while banks
 may play a role in financial restructuring of their clients, their ability
 to affect operational restructuring is quite limited. Moreover, stateowned
 banks are particularly vulnerable to incentive problems when dealing with
 large state-owned enterprises that may be too big or too political to
 fail. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 431-443 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095648 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095648
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:431-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: Alina Dani&#x142;owska 
Author-X-Name-First: Alina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dani&#x142;owska 
Author-Name: S&#x142;awomir Jarka 
Author-X-Name-First: S&#x142;awomir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarka 
Author-Name: S&#x142;awomir Straszewski 
Author-X-Name-First: S&#x142;awomir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Straszewski 
Author-Name: Aldona Zawojska 
Author-X-Name-First: Aldona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zawojska 
Author-Name: Edward Majewski 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majewski 
Title: The International Competitiveness of Polish Agriculture 
Abstract:
  This article considers the international competitiveness of agricultural
 production in Poland. Competitiveness was measured in terms of domestic
 resource cost (DRC) ratios for three farm sizes and eight commodities. The
 results highlight that for the period 1996 to 1998 Polish crop production
 was more internationally competitive than livestock farming. The most
 internationally competitive crops of those analysed were rapeseed and
 potatoes. During the period, however, international competitiveness
 worsened as international commodity prices fell. There is an inverse
 relationship between DRCs and farm size. This is an important result as
 Polish production is relatively fragmented and the degree of structural
 change has been slow. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 445-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095657 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:445-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandro Kihlgren 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kihlgren 
Title: Small Business Policy in St Petersburg and the Development of this Sector in the 1990s 
Abstract:
  Local administrations in Russia have a strong influence on the business
 environment. In St Petersburg the measures envisaged to assist small
 businesses have for the most part remained unimplemented and the specific
 legislation approved in the city has had little effect. Despite the
 absence of a clear policy by the local government to promote employment in
 the small business sector, it is approaching the levels registered in some
 Western countries. Officially St Petersburg, unlike Moscow, does not enjoy
 a particularly high standard of living&#x2014;it is only slightly higher
 than the national average. The article analyses the main factors
 explaining the expansion of small business in the city. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 459-484 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095666 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095666
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:459-484




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith 
Title: Age/Earnings Profiles in Transition Economies: The Estonian Case 
Abstract:
  This article examines Estonian age/earnings profiles using 1995 and 1997
 Estonian Labour Force Survey data. The results indicate that the overall
 profile for males is quite different from that of an established market
 economy. However, the shape of the profile depends on whether one works in
 the private or public sector. Using regression analysis to decompose wages
 indicates that conventional human capital theory does not adequately
 explain the considerable difference between profiles in the Estonian
 public and private sectors. However, human capital theory provides a
 better explanation of relative wages in 1997 than in 1994&#x2014;perhaps
 indicating a continued adjustment to market processes. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 485-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095675 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095675
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:485-503




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Simon Xiaobin Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon Xiaobin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: The Impact of State Resource Allocation on Urbanisation in Socialist China 
Abstract:
  The issue to be addressed in this article is the effect of state resource
 allocation on Chinese urbanisation. Looking at the key areas of state
 expenditure, we point out that significant spending on the military and on
 bureaucratic organisations monopolised a substantial portion of the
 state's economic and human resources. Such an orientation of resource
 inputs has sufficed to maintain generally high rates of industrial growth
 at the expense of civilian interests and has led to a relatively
 comprehensive industrial structure with an emphasis on heavy industry.
 However, this pattern of resource allocation has seriously distorted the
 association between industrialisation and urbanisation as conventionally
 understood on the basis of Western experience. The allocation of state
 resources accounted for this irregular association by constraining the
 growth of non-agricultural employment on the one hand and politicising the
 acquisition of urban residence rights on the other in the process of
 economic change. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 505-524 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120095684 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120095684
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:505-524




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Winiecki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winiecki 
Title: An Inquiry into the Early Drastic Fall of Output in Post-communist Transition: An Unsolved Puzzle 
Abstract:
  The early (drastic) output fall has been the major bone of contention
 among theorists in the early years of transition. This author looks at the
 issue from the vantage point of the communist economic legacy, i.e.
 so-called 'pure socialist production', unneeded under a less wasteful
 economic system. Excessive inputs, excessive investments, excessive
 armaments, as well as some other excesses disappeared in the early phase
 of a shift to the market (and democracy). Likewise disappeared trade with
 the former 'fraternal' countries, which also began restoring economic
 sanity and did not need 'pure socialist production' anymore. The article
 reviews the most often found explanations of the output fall in early
 transition and finds them much less satisfactory than the elimination of
 the 'pure socialist production' of the past. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 5-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116671 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116671
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:5-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonya Kostova Huffman 
Author-X-Name-First: Sonya Kostova 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huffman 
Author-Name: Stanley Johnson 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson 
Title: Re-evaluation of Welfare Changes during the Transition in Poland 
Abstract:
  The costs of shortages/rationing are not captured by standard consumer
 price indices. Thus the change in real GDP per capita is an over-estimate
 of welfare losses in transition economies. In this study virtual prices
 are used to calculate new cost of living indices, making it possible to
 construct more accurate pre-reform and post-reform welfare comparisons.
 The results for Poland using virtual prices show 62-84% decline in welfare
 over the transition 1987-92. This welfare loss is approximately one-third
 of the value obtained using actual prices. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 31-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116680 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116680
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:31-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Horst Feldmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Horst 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldmann 
Title: Labour Market Policies in Transition: Lessons from East Germany 
Abstract:
  This article analyses and evaluates all types of active and passive
 labour market policies which have been pursued in East Germany during its
 transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. To this end, the
 article makes full use of the numerous, mostly German studies which have
 been carried out over the past years and which each mostly analysed only
 one type of labour market policy. The article shows that several of these
 labour market policy programmes did not improve the participants' position
 on the labour market; frequently, they even worsened it. In addition, most
 types of labour market policies had negative side-effects on
 non-participating unemployed as well as on regular employees. Based on
 this outcome, the article also draws fundamental policy conclusions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116699 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:47-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philipp Rother 
Author-X-Name-First: Philipp 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rother 
Title: Inflation in Albania 
Abstract:
  As Albania has succeeded in reducing inflation to very low levels,
 understanding the driving forces behind the behaviour of the price level
 becomes increasingly important for policy design. In particular,
 persistent changes in relative prices may contribute to movements of the
 aggregate price level, and policy makers need to decide to what extent
 such effects should be accommodated. This article provides insight into
 the nature and extent of relative price adjustments during the transition
 period, and argues that some of their inflationary effects should not be
 resisted. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 85-107 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116707 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116707
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:85-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Korovilas 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korovilas 
Title: The Economic Sustainability of Post-conflict Kosovo 
Abstract:
  Kosovo is currently operating as an independent economic state, having
 severed the majority of economic links with the former Yugoslavia. This
 article explains why the Yugoslav dinar was replaced by the DM (in turn
 replaced by the Euro) as the new national currency of post-conflict
 Kosovo. Use of the DM, coupled with a relatively open trade policy, has
 resulted in a severe visible trade deficit. The stock of DM is
 continuously being replenished by the inflow of money both from the
 various international agencies operating in Kosovo and from remittances
 from Kosovars working abroad. The article argues that, even with the
 current low level of export earnings, the economy of Kosovo is
 economically sustainable, since the international presence in Kosovo is
 partly responsible for the high demand for imports. However, in the
 absence of a competitive export sector, the economy is still highly
 reliant upon the inflow of remittances, without which Kosovo would be
 unable to meet the costs of vital imports. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 109-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116716 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:109-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Barlow 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barlow 
Author-Name: Roxana Radulescu 
Author-X-Name-First: Roxana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Radulescu 
Title: Purchasing Power Parity in the Transition: The Case of the Romanian Leu Against the Dollar 
Abstract:
  This article uses co-integration analysis to test purchasing power parity
 for the Romanian leu against the US dollar. The fact that the purchasing
 power parity (PPP) hypothesis is not rejected leads to the conclusion that
 the real appreciation of the leu against the dollar over the transition
 has not been due to an appreciation of the equilibrium real exchange rate.
 Rather it is simply the consequence of the leu being devalued beyond the
 equilibrium level at the start of reform and slowly returning to its
 constant equilibrium real rate. There is evidence that the adjustment to
 equilibrium has fallen almost entirely on the price level, so that a major
 consequence of the excessive undervaluation has been higher inflation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 123-135 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116725 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116725
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:123-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Innovations and Legacies in Russian Human Resource Management Practices: Surveys of 700 Chief Executive Officers 
Abstract:
  In 1998 we administered a survey to 740 Russian chief executive officers
 (CEOs), which enabled us to raise the question of the current human
 resource management (HRM) practices in Russian industrial companies. In
 October-December 2000 we administered another survey among 735 Russian
 CEOs. This time we observed a major drive towards some modern instruments
 of HRM policies. However, an additional survey, devoted to the source of
 innovations in HRM, revealed that most HRM innovations are implemented on
 a trial and error basis, without reference to international practices. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 137-144 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370120116734 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370120116734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:1:p:137-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boris Dodonov 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dodonov 
Author-Name: Christian Von Hirschhausen 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Von Hirschhausen 
Author-Name: Petra Opitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Petra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Opitz 
Author-Name: Pavlo Sugolov 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sugolov 
Title: Efficient Infrastructure Supply for Economic Development in Transition Countries: The Case of Ukraine 
Abstract:
  Infrastructure restructuring is one of the major elements of structural
 reforms in transition economies because of its expected large economic and
 social impact. This article aims to assess the role of infrastructure
 policy in economic development in transition countries in general and
 Ukraine in particular. We test the relationship between infrastructure
 policy and economic growth, though this test is carried out at a very
 aggregate level due to data problems. According to our estimations the
 government can make an indirect contribution to economic development by
 enhancing competition and efficiency within the infrastructure industries.
 The article also develops a framework to analyse and compare
 infrastructure policies across transition countries, and provides a
 detailed survey of infrastructure policies in Ukraine. We conclude that
 the major element of reforms should be tariff reform, carried out
 concurrently with commercialisation and deregulation of the sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 149-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139909 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:149-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Francois Huchet 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huchet 
Author-Name: Xavier Richet 
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier 
Author-X-Name-Last: Richet 
Title: Between Bureaucracy and Market: Chinese Industrial Groups in Search of New Forms of Corporate Governance 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the peculiar and contradictory nature of the
 ongoing construction of a system of corporate governance in China. The
 analysis attempts to overcome the limits of traditional corporate studies
 that tend to focus on enterprise management, and puts the issue within the
 framework of the systemic and political relationships that shape economic
 management and state intervention in large enterprises in transitional
 socialist systems. The emergence of a specific managerial culture within
 the market and of winners among the enterprises is related to the position
 still held by the state in the enterprise and by the access to competitive
 markets available to enterprises. State-owned enterprises enjoy the
 protection of their status but they are more successful and adopt a more
 profit-oriented management culture if they operate in internationalised
 and competitive markets rather than in the strategic low-profit,
 state-dominated sectors. Owing to continuous interaction between
 enterprise management and external (policy or macroeconomic) factors, and
 to the absence or underdevelopment of most of the institutions generally
 necessary for a sound corporate governance system (financial markets, bank
 independence, free press etc.) privatisation does not seem sufficient to
 engender all-round market-led governance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 169-201 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139918 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139918
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:169-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Fforde 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fforde 
Title: Resourcing Conservative Transition in Vietnam: Rent Switching and Resource Appropriation 
Abstract:
  This article applies a novel approach to analysis of the transition to
 the market economy in Vietnam, a country with a political economy that
 draws upon South-East Asian, Sinic and Leninist cultural elements. This
 was a 'conservative' transition, in the sense that no shift in political
 regime occurred. Understanding transition as a process where endogenous
 forces drive and resource institutional change, and far from dependent
 upon policy shifts, the article argues that it relied heavily upon two
 sets of phenomena. The first may be understood in terms of the creation
 and seeking out of economic rents, in the 'neoclassical' sense of
 resources available 'below economic costs'. When rents result from
 institutional obstacles to competition, institutional change can support
 relatively costless output gains. I argue for Vietnam that as the economic
 system switched from plan to market, so rent seeking shifted away from
 advantageous access to resources for plan implementation, to switching
 resources into forms that supported market-oriented activity. This 'rent
 switching' (RS) relied upon adaptive social relations, comparable to the
 'competitive clientelism' of the SEA studies literature, that were
 preserved and augmented during transition. It also permitted mobilisation
 of resources derived from static efficiency gains. This framework
 contrasts with a second, more 'classical' in nature, that concentrates
 upon the creation of appropriable resources (ARs) and contestation over
 them. These help explain the medium and longer term, and how ways of
 appropriating resources supported the political economy of systemic
 change. At root, this is then to do with the emergence of factor markets
 (land, labour and capital), class formation and thus broader social and
 cultural change. The article thus argues that different economic theories
 provide useful insights into the social as well as the economic
 implications and nature of the transition to a market economy. Given that
 static efficiency gains, whilst significant in relative impact, tend to
 act over the short term, and, since growth processes take decades, the
 'neoclassical' approach is ultimately less important than the 'classical'
 one. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 203-226 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139927 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139927
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:203-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Gainsborough 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gainsborough 
Title: Understanding Communist Transition: Property Rights in Ho Chi Minh City in the Late 1990s 
Abstract:
  In the absence of secure private property rights, neo-classical political
 economy would have expected China and Vietnam to perform badly. However,
 both economies have recorded rapid growth in recent decades. This article
 attempts to explain this through an analysis of the property rights regime
 in state enterprises in Vietnam's second city and commercial centre, Ho
 Chi Minh City. It argues that by the late 1990s the property regime in
 many firms in the city had evolved so far that they had been effectively
 privatised. Enforcement of these private property rights rested not on the
 rule of law but on the ability of a company's real owners to resist
 outside encroachment. This in turn had to do with the relative strength of
 clientelist interests located at different levels of the party-state.
 Although not perfect, property rights were on this basis sufficiently
 clear and enforceable for economic growth to occur. The argument is
 illustrated with two case studies which offer rich insights into the real
 nature of property under a reforming state socialist regime. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 227-243 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139936 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139936
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:227-243




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vai Io Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Vai Io 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Author-Name: Xiaowen Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Title: Property Rights, Productivity Gains and Economic Growth: The Chinese Experience 
Abstract:
  This study finds that the Chinese experience cannot, as some have
 claimed, pose a challenge to the property rights theory. The
 unsatisfactory economic performance of the Chinese private sector in the
 1980s is attributed to the discriminatory legal environment within which
 private property rights developed. Private property rights had to develop
 under the disguise of collectives. Once the political and legal
 environments improved in the 1990s, the private sector achieved
 significantly greater productivity gains and contributed more to economic
 growth than all other sectors. Accordingly, private property rights are
 crucial to economic performance; China is no exception. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 245-258 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139945 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139945
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:245-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Brock 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock 
Title: Intercity Industrial Performance and Public Finance in Moscow Region, 1993-1995--Just a Lot of Company Towns? 
Abstract:
  Applying a stochastic industrial production function at the aggregate
 city level for 72 cities in a single Russian region reveals industry in a
 variety of cities is quite similar in the ability to produce gross
 industrial output efficiently during the early transition era 1993-95.
 Weak evidence is found for cities becoming more diverse in industrial
 performance during the period. Using additional inefficiency impact
 variables, some evidence was found for a more diversified industrial base
 and more locally retained profit tax revenue improving efficiency among
 cities in a given year, suggesting more diversified cities may perform
 better than a one-company town in the transition era. The hypothesis of an
 urban agglomeration effect improving efficiency found in the literature
 was rejected using distance and population density variables. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 259-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370220139954 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370220139954
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:2:p:259-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Hainsworth 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hainsworth 
Author-Name: William Tompson 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tompson 
Title: Tax Policy and Tax Administration in Russia: The Case of the Banking Sector 
Abstract:
  The 'informal' sector of an economy is generally seen as a private
 sphere, where agents seek to escape the reach of the state and, in
 particular, the tax organs. However, given the weakness of the Russian
 state and the enormous scale of informal economic activity, the fiscal
 authorities try to cope, at least in part, by adopting informal strategies
 of their own. This paper aims to deepen our understanding of how this
 informal fiscal system actually works. While the analysis here focuses on
 the banking system, its implications for tax and accounting reform extend
 far beyond the banking sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-300 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013386 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013386
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:277-300




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki 
Title: The State Budget Compilation Process in Russia: Institutional Framework and Practice 
Abstract:
  This article clarifies the institutional framework and practice of the
 state budget compilation process in Russia, taking the 2001 federal budget
 as an example. The budget was the first one compiled under the new
 national financial system, including the Budget Code of the Russian
 Federation, which came into force in January 2000. The Budget Code is
 greatly superior to the preceding one, in the socialist era, which
 regulated Russia's financial activities during the initial phase of the
 transition period. Under the new legal system the 2001 budget was drafted
 by the Ministry of Finance, approved by the government, submitted to the
 Federal Assembly, discussed at the State Duma and finally approved by the
 Federation Council. A detailed analysis of this process shows that a
 certain order is emerging in the budget compilation process due to the
 comparatively amicable relationship between the government and the Federal
 Assembly and because of the establishment of the new legal system,
 including the Budget Code. The new financial system, however, has many
 problems, indicating that Russia will not be able to accomplish
 institutional changes in this field all at once. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 301-319 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013395 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013395
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:301-319




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Mau 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mau 
Author-Name: Konstantin Yanovskiy 
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanovskiy 
Title: Political and Legal Factors of Economic Growth in Russian Regions 
Abstract:
  The authors propose some new approaches in order to evaluate formally
 regional specifics of political and legal culture and institutes' impact
 on the dynamics of economic development of the regions and on the regions'
 investment climate. They demonstrate using a model that the influence of
 institutional factors, including some indicators for the basic individual
 rights maintenance in the regions, on economic growth is significant. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 321-339 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013403 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013403
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:321-339




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryszard Rapacki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ryszard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rapacki 
Title: Public Expenditure in Poland: Major Trends, Challenges and Policy Concerns 
Abstract:
  This article surveys the behaviour of public expenditure in Poland. The
 analysis is conducted against a theoretical background outlining the basic
 government functions and possible government failures in a market economy.
 The first part provides an overview of major trends in public expenditure
 during systemic transformation in Poland. It also highlights the
 reprioritisation of government objectives in channelling budgetary funds.
 The second part gives an account of the most salient consequences of the
 changing pattern of public expenditure and discusses the main policy
 concerns involved, pointing out the adverse macroeconomic effects of
 government failure to create or enhance positive externalities for
 business. The last part outlines the most significant future challenges,
 with special emphasis on the implications of the public finance crunch
 that emerged in mid-2001. It also argues that two 'external' factors,
 globalisation and the forthcoming EU accession, will gain importance in
 the future in shaping public expenditure in Poland. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 341-357 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013412 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013412
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:341-357




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Pavlinek 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavlinek 
Title: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in the Privatisation and Restructuring of the Czech Motor Industry 
Abstract:
  Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been considered one of the crucial
 factors of a successful economic transformation in Central and Eastern
 Europe. This article investigates the role of FDI in the privatisation and
 restructuring of the Czech motor industry in the 1990s. In particular, it
 examines how governmental policies towards FDI affected FDI inflows, the
 immediate effects of FDI at the enterprise level, and the contested nature
 of this change. Advantages of foreign ownership for Czech enterprises,
 such as access to investment capital, access to sale and distribution
 networks of parent companies and technology transfer are discussed, as
 well as examples of failures of FDI to result in a successful enterprise
 restructuring. The information presented is based upon in-depth interviews
 with top managers of twenty component suppliers, governmental officials
 and vehicle makers in the Czech Republic as well as on the secondary data. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 359-379 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013421 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013421
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:359-379




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Haynes 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haynes 
Author-Name: R. Husan 
Author-X-Name-First: R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Husan 
Title: 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow': The Post-Soviet Transition, the Market and the Mythical Process of Convergence 
Abstract:
  At the core of thinking about the post-communist transition has been the
 goal of convergence with the advanced West. This article accepts the
 legitimacy of this goal but argues that the prospects for its achievement
 are not good. Neo-classical theorists have misled and continue to mislead
 policy makers about the ease with which the goal can be achieved and the
 necessary conditions. The global pattern of growth and development
 suggests that 'convergence' is not a general characteristic of the world
 economy. A realistic appraisal of the potential in the transition bloc has
 therefore to address both regional problems and the overall pattern of
 global inequality. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 381-398 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013430 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013430
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:381-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Brzeski 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzeski 
Author-Name: Enrico Colombatto 
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico 
Author-X-Name-Last: Colombatto 
Title: Barking Up the Wrong Tree: A Reply to Haynes & Husan 
Abstract:
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000013449 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000013449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:3:p:399-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vlad Ivanenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Vlad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanenko 
Author-Name: Dmitry Mikheyev 
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikheyev 
Title: The Role of Non-monetary Trade in Russian Transition 
Abstract:
  The appearance of significant non-monetary trade in the Russian
 transition of 1992-98 has been differently interpreted by analysts and
 observers. Some have seen barter as a symbol of passive resistance to
 reforms while others have blamed reformist policies for its development.
 We argue that non-monetary trade is best understood as a natural response
 of companies to market imperfections remaining from Soviet times. We
 provide an overview of market institutions that existed at the onset of
 the transition and conclude that market infrastructure was under-developed
 (especially trade and finance-related institutions). This fact became
 obvious after the liberalisation of trade in 1992. When the Central Bank
 of Russia stopped issuing direct credit to enterprises, newly established
 commercial banks were unable to fill the gap. Firms had to develop
 alternative means of financing trade and non-monetary trade was one of
 them. In our opinion barter, while an inefficient mode of trade, also
 played a positive role in the transition. Its high transaction costs
 offered ample opportunities to earn profits from trade and financial
 intermediation. The latter mushroomed as a result and at the time of the
 1998 default the Russian economy had sufficiently developed trade,
 financial and legal systems to afford a switch from barter to money trade. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 405-419 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032655 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032655
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:405-419




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Tomer 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tomer 
Title: Intangible Factors in the Eastern European Transition: A Socio-Economic Analysis 
Abstract:
  Transition has generally been conceived of as a substitution of the
 organisational structures and the legal, financial and political
 relationships of capitalism for those of socialism, a replacement of
 'hard' features. This conception leaves out 'soft' factors such as
 attitudes, behavioural orientations, values and beliefs which, for
 successful socio-economic performance, must mesh with the hard elements.
 When all the hard features are changed quickly without attention to the
 soft features, as in the neo-liberal radical reform strategy, the result
 is inevitably a deep shock greatly retarding the transition process. To
 avoid this, sufficient attention should be paid to intangible capital
 formation that creates new soft features. The socio-economic theory
 developed here (1) explains the differing degrees of transition success in
 Eastern Europe and (2) suggests alternatives to neo-liberal transition
 strategy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 421-444 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032664 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032664
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:421-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mico Mrkaic 
Author-X-Name-First: Mico 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mrkaic 
Title: The Growth of Total Factor Productivity in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Computing accurate estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) is
 important for testing economic theories as well as for designing efficient
 and effective economic policies. In this study we measure the dynamics of
 TFP in Slovenia by assuming a Cobb-Douglas production function and using
 the aggregate data on employment, net investment and real GDP. The level
 of the initial stock of capital, whose measurements are unreliable, is
 estimated by equating the user cost of capital to the marginal
 productivity of capital. This condition gives us a range of estimates for
 the initial capital stock, and the two extreme points in this range are
 used to compute the evolution of TFP in Slovenia from 1992 to 2000. The
 results show that TFP in Slovenia grew fast in the early 1990s, and that
 the growth slowed significantly and reached negligible annual rates in the
 second half of the 1990s. The growth in real GDP in the late 1990s was
 mostly a result of capital deepening and increases in labour
 participation. This implies that if the Slovenian economy is to grow
 rapidly and on a sustained basis, policy makers have to focus on policies
 which promote economic efficiency, that is, they have to stimulate TFP
 growth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 445-454 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032673 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032673
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:445-454




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neven Borak 
Author-X-Name-First: Neven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borak 
Author-Name: Lovrenc Pfajfar 
Author-X-Name-First: Lovrenc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pfajfar 
Title: Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based
 on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of
 rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and
 pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini
 coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in
 the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady
 increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed.
 Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated.
 Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of
 economic growth among income groups. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 455-468 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032682 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032682
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:455-468




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dick Nanto 
Author-X-Name-First: Dick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nanto 
Author-Name: Radha Sinha 
Author-X-Name-First: Radha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha 
Title: China's Banking Reform 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the main problems facing the Chinese banking
 system and concludes that, despite serious problems, the risk seems small
 that, in the near future, a financial crisis will occur that will pose
 severe problems for the international financial system. An internal
 financial crisis, however, could occur. Without government support, the
 economic viability of many of China's banks is questionable. The
 government and central bank authorities acknowledge the situation and have
 taken some steps toward reform. The most serious threat to the banking
 system lies in the accumulation of non-performing loans (NPLs)--many of
 them policybased loans extended by state-owned banks to money-losing
 state-owned companies with little expectation that they would be
 completely repaid. China has been taking measures to keep the problem from
 worsening and has created four asset management companies to dispose of
 NPLs that still have value. Since the Chinese economic reforms began in
 1978, Chinese authorities have made significant progress in modernising
 their banking system, although they still have a long way to go. However,
 there are several ameliorating factors that still keep its financial and
 foreign exchange system viable. China's continued high rate of growth and
 high savings rate have funneled deposits into the banking system, while a
 $20-30 billion annual trade surplus together with an inflow of foreign
 direct investment at about $40 billion per year have resulted in an
 accumulation of foreign exchange reserves exceeding $200 billion. China
 does not carry an unusually heavy debt burden, either domestic or
 international, although its short-term borrowing in foreign currencies has
 been increasing. China does not currently face a serious risk of either a
 domestic or international liquidity crisis--unless, of course, a severe
 and prolonged world recession occurs that adversely affects Chinese
 exports as well as the inflow of foreign direct investment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 469-493 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032691 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032691
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:469-493




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andreas Heinrich 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heinrich 
Author-Name: Julia Kusznir 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kusznir 
Author-Name: Heiko Pleines 
Author-X-Name-First: Heiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pleines 
Title: Foreign Investment and National Interests in the Russian Oil and Gas Industry 
Abstract:
  This article examines the political economy of foreign direct investment
 in the Russian oil and gas industry in order to explain the limited role
 of foreign capital in this sector. There are three forms of foreign direct
 investment in the Russian oil and gas industry: (1) joint ventures, (2)
 investment within the framework of a production sharing agreement (PSA)
 and (3) foreign equity investment. The development of these three forms of
 foreign direct investment is analysed with special reference to the
 interests of the parties involved, before a conclusion on the political
 factors determining the conditions for foreign investment is made. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 495-507 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032709 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032709
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:495-507




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Cie&#x15b;lik 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cie&#x15b;lik 
Author-Name: Michael Ryan 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan 
Title: Characterising Japanese Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe: A Firm Level Investigation of Stylised Facts and Investment Characteristics 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the activities of Japanese investors in Central and
 Eastern Europe since the beginning of the region's transition. The use of
 firm level data on Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region
 allows us to focus on the industry, location and timing of affiliate
 establishment at a level of detail previously unexamined. This enables us
 to compare Japanese investment with overall regional inward investment as
 well as investigate country specialisation patterns within the region. We
 also characterise the type of investing parent, and determine how
 investments in CEE fit into the European-wide investment patterns for
 these firms. Finally, we investigate the entry mode choices of investing
 firms, finding a shift from minority-owned joint ventures and limited
 participation in the region in favour of wholly-owned subsidiaries and
 larger involvement in the region. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 509-527 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137022000032718 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137022000032718
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:14:y:2002:i:4:p:509-527




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laszlo Csaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Laszlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Csaba 
Title: Transition as Development 
Abstract:
  This article interprets Central and Eastern European transition through
 the lenses of the post-Washington consensus. It searches for what has
 proved to be original and theoretically novel in the region if measured
 against development theory. To what extent does the mainstream remain
 relevant as an analytical instrument of policy issues? Is it possible to
 establish a pure economics of transformation? 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 3-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058368 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058368
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:3-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacek Cukrowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cukrowski 
Author-Name: Manfred Fischer 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer 
Title: Seigniorage Wealth and Redistribution in Central and Eastern European Countries 
Abstract:
  The analysis presented in this article focuses on seigniorage revenues in
 five Central and Eastern European Countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
 Hungary, Poland and Romania. A comprehensive discrete period accounting
 framework for measuring the sources and uses of seigniorage in the 1990s
 is presented. The framework is based upon the gross concept of seigniorage
 that defines seigniorage in the broadest possible sense as the sum of
 revenues resulting from the monopoly power to issue money. Legal,
 institutional and operational details which are relevant for the creation
 of base money in a country are taken into account. The article reveals
 similarities and differences in seigniorage wealth between the countries
 under scrutiny, evaluates the magnitude of seigniorage and shows that
 accession to the European Monetary Union will create significant
 once-and-for-all gains of seigniorage wealth for the countries resulting
 from redistributing seigniorage wealth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 27-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058377 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058377
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:27-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Amaghlobeli 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Amaghlobeli 
Author-Name: John Farrell 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Farrell 
Author-Name: James Nielsen 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen 
Title: The Evolution of Commercial Banking in Georgia, 1991-2001 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the Georgian experiment in transition banking
 since the country's break from the former Soviet Union in 1991. By
 analysing the policies pursued by the National Bank of Georgia (NBG)
 between 1991 and 2001 and the outcomes of those policies, the paper
 attempts to compare and contrast the general performance of the Georgian
 banks with banks in other transition economies. On the basis of this
 investigation, we conclude that even though substantial progress has been
 made, the Republic still lags behind leading transition and developed
 market economies in terms of financial development. Much of the success of
 restructuring can be attributed to the NBG, the government, and the multi
 laterals (IMF and donor nations). Nevertheless, a full-flowering of
 financial institutions and performance will not come without further
 economic development and reform of public institutions and the attendant
 increase in public confidence in the financial system as a whole. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058386 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058386
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:47-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leland Rhett Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Leland Rhett 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Title: Land Restitution in Post-Communist Bulgaria 
Abstract:
  While international scholarship has generally been laudatory of
 Bulgaria's land restitution efforts, painting them as part of an overall
 success story and yet another example of the country's sharp break with
 communism, a real analysis of Bulgaria's so-called 'success story',
 particularly by the legal community, has been sorely lacking. This author
 has found that in many ways the approbation Bulgaria has received from the
 international community for its restitution efforts is more a reflection
 of the Bulgarian government's willingness to confront the problem than its
 ability to effectively deal with it. Through the use of documents, court
 records, and interviews conducted by the author, this article endeavours
 to document the problems and shortcomings of a system that is considered
 such a courageous and worthy pursuit that few have been willing to
 criticize it. Essentially, this paper attempts to answer the question, not
 of whether Bulgaria's restitution effort was able to do some good, but
 whether it could have done--and could still do--much better. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 75-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058395 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:75-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Kumkar 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumkar 
Title: Regulatory Choices and Commitment: Challenges for Electricity Market Regulation in Kosovo 
Abstract:
  This article describes choices to be made in selecting and implementing a
 reform model for the electricity industry and derives some implications
 for the situation in Kosovo. The article argues that the appropriate
 reform model depends on the circumstances in the jurisdiction being
 considered. Especially in small and less developed electricity systems, a
 dilemma may emerge: the technical circumstances suggest the implementation
 of a model with few competitive elements, whereas political circumstances
 urge a competition-oriented model. Hence, especially in small systems, a
 delicate trade-off emerges that significantly complicates the decisions to
 be made. This is obviously relevant for Kosovo. International opening of
 Kosovo's electricity market may provide a solution to the dilemma. This
 would encompass a reduction of state sovereignty for electricity
 regulation and wide-reaching market opening for private investors and
 electricity traders. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 91-115 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058403 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058403
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:91-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damon Zirnhelt 
Author-X-Name-First: Damon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zirnhelt 
Author-Name: Barry Lesser 
Author-X-Name-First: Barry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lesser 
Title: Small Sawmills in Estonia 
Abstract:
  Government support of industry in transition economies needs to be judged
 by the industry's potential to become self-supporting. Government
 assistance should be designed with this goal in mind. The case of small
 sawmills in Estonia is a good illustration of this. Estonia's priorities
 for economic development include promotion of exports, small business and
 regional development. Small sawmills satisfy all three priorities but the
 industry's long run viability is in doubt. Current cost advantages depend
 on cheap raw material, labour and electricity, which are likely to
 disappear or be reduced with EU membership or further economic reform.
 Long run viability could emerge if producers cooperate in purchasing raw
 material, securing access to credit and marketing and adopt a niche market
 approach. Government can assist by providing export market support, credit
 access, a revised auction system for roundwood, retraining and extension
 programs and assistance in financing the set-up of joint-use production
 facilities. But such assistance, except for structural changes to promote
 competition and export marketing support, should all be temporary if the
 industry is ultimately to compete in the Western Europe market. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 117-126 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058412 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058412
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:117-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Friedrich Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Friedrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Chinese Economic Statistics--Caveat Emptor! 
Abstract:
  The Chinese government admitted in late 2001 that its statistical system
 was plagued with flaws. This has revived the age-old question of whether
 China's reported rate of growth is real. Some analysts have long argued
 that China's real GDP growth figures have been inflated, often because of
 false reporting by localities and systemic statistical distortions. This
 article highlights indicators which have shown signs of being
 questionable: gross domestic product (GDP), bilateral trade, unemployment,
 non-performing loans (NPLs) and FDI and capital flight. Reforms are now
 being undertaken, but while the long-term trend is positive, one should
 still exercise great caution when using Chinese statistics. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 127-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000058421 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000058421
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:1:p:127-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Scho&#xa8;nfelder 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scho&#xa8;nfelder 
Title: Debt Collection and Bankruptcies in Slovakia: A Study of Institutional Development 
Abstract:
  The independence granted to the judiciary in 1991 and the facilities for
 enforcing judgements made available in 1995 have greatly contributed to
 the success of Slovak transition. These reforms initiated an institutional
 evolution which proved remarkably robust. One of the consequences was that
 the enforceability of credit contracts has increased. Unfortunately, this
 progress has been compromised by a variety of measures taken to cope with
 a persistent fiscal crisis. These makeshift measures have often been
 detrimental to the flow of credit. Government also took numerous steps to
 soften budget constraints of ailing companies. Usually, this postponed
 their collapse but did not prevent it. The capacity of the judicial system
 has remained grossly inadequate, yet evident opportunities for capacity
 enlargement have not been exploited. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 155-180 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308097 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308097
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:155-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Tu&#xa8;bke 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu&#xa8;bke 
Title: Patterns of Industrial Change in the Post-Communist EU Candidate Countries 
Abstract:
  Ten post-communist countries are currently in the process of joining the
 European Union. This prospect, combined with their past industrial
 orientation and the unprecedented dynamics of the transition process after
 the fall of the Berlin wall, makes these countries an ideal case for
 examining the factors and results of industrial change. This article
 assesses the main issues and derives a qualitative picture on current
 trends and the nature of this process. It shows that, just one year before
 accession of the first countries, reforms still need to be fostered in
 many of them. Although signs of emerging strength in a small number of
 sectors are starting to show, EU membership will only lead to positive
 results for both parties if industrial change and value creation are able
 to take effect and provide economic prosperity. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 181-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308099 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:181-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zan Oplotnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Zan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oplotnik 
Title: Capital Flows Adjustment Policy in Slovenia: Assessment of Design and Efficiency 
Abstract:
  During the last decade many Central and East European (CEE) countries
 experienced strong foreign capital inflows. Slovenia was one of them.
 Sources of inflows in Slovenia changed radically, even though
 privatisation-driven inflows were absent, in contrast to other CEE
 countries. Since such inflows could have significant adverse effects on
 the performance of the economy, some policy measures were taken. This
 article presents an empirically tested assessment of policy for adjustment
 to surges in capital flows during the last decade. Speculative reversals,
 a decline in external competitiveness, exchange rate appreciation, loss of
 control over the monetary base and inflation are just some of the
 detrimental effects that can be provoked by surges in capital flows if the
 economy suffers from fundamental sectoral deficiencies. Empirical results
 indicated that Slovenia quite successfully mitigated the listed effects of
 excessive foreign exchange inflows. Efficient combination of direct and
 indirect adjustment methods succeeded in preventing the still vulnerable
 economy from suffering a major financial crisis and nominal currency
 appreciation (which was not the case in some other CEE countries) although
 there was some real appreciation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 209-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308095 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308095
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:209-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marian Rizov 
Author-X-Name-First: Marian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rizov 
Author-Name: Erik Mathijs 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathijs 
Title: Farm Survival and Growth in Transition Economies: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Hungary 
Abstract:
  Our conceptual model states that new individual farms may begin at a
 small, even sub-optimal, scale of production and then those farms that are
 successful will survive and grow, whereas those that are not will remain
 small and may ultimately be forced to exit from production. The samples of
 individual farms analysed throughout this article are drawn from the 1998
 Farm Survey in Hungary. Our estimation results show that older and larger
 farms are more likely to survive, farm growth decreases with farm age when
 farm size is held constant and that learning considerations are important.
 Beside these standard results, in transition economies farmers', market
 and industry characteristics have a significant impact on the survival and
 growth rates of individual farm enterprises. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 227-242 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308093 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308093
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:227-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lili Berko 
Author-X-Name-First: Lili 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berko 
Author-Name: Agota Gueullette 
Author-X-Name-First: Agota 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gueullette 
Title: Policy for Support of Small and Medium-size Enterprises in Hungary: The Case of the Central Region 
Abstract:
  Despite conforming to the juridical and institutional standards of the
 European Union and a supportive policy on the part of the country's
 government, the SME sector in Hungary still has many distinctive features
 compared with its equivalent in the West. The intermediary institutions
 recently established are not yet working effectively. The networks of
 information and co-operation between businesses are poorly developed. In
 the sphere of innovation, owing to their meagre financial resources and
 given the lack of genuine business nurseries, the SMEs are at a
 disadvantage in relation to large-scale enterprises. This analysis brings
 out the fact that the Central Region is markedly ahead of the rest of the
 country. Nevertheless, when an international comparison is made, this
 region does not yet rank among the developed zones of Europe. The
 investigation shows that the SMEs are not greatly interested in the
 training programmes that are available. A new strategy for training is
 needed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 243-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308096 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308096
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:243-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Doina Maria Radulescu 
Author-X-Name-First: Doina Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Radulescu 
Title: An Assessment of Fiscal Sustainability in Romania 
Abstract:
  This article analyses Romanian fiscal policy during the 1990s with the
 main emphasis on the aspect of sustainability of the budget situation.
 First, the study presents the general development of Romania's economy
 during the transition period as background for the subsequent policy
 analysis. Second, the problems of quasi-fiscal subsidies and payment
 arrears which led to very large quasi-fiscal deficits are highlighted. In
 the next step, a macroeconomic model is introduced to assess the degree of
 fiscal sustainability starting with the inter-temporal government budget
 constraint. The overall deficit for the general government, including
 central and local governments as well as other institutions belonging to
 the non-financial public sector, is computed using official statistics.
 The research findings suggest that Romania has followed an unsustainable
 fiscal policy in the transition period, particularly up to 1996. In the
 first half of the 1990s the government financed the deficit partly through
 seignorage and tried to deal with immediate pressures, preventing social
 dissatisfaction but neglecting long-term targets. The situation has
 improved slightly in recent years, nevertheless, there is still much to be
 done in this area. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 259-275 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308098 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:259-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Wrobel 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wrobel 
Title: Local Administration Reform in Estonia: Alternatives from an Economic Point of View 
Abstract:
  As the Estonian experience with local taxes has turned out in the last
 decade small rural municipalities have not been able to profit from the
 right to collect local taxes. Tax collecting and administrative costs have
 been too high. Therefore the local administrative system did not succeed
 and developed into a grants-in-aid system during the transition process.
 But from an allocational point of view such a development is not
 satisfactory. Incentives for local governments to save taxpayers' money
 and to seek new industrial establishments intensively are lacking. Only an
 administrative system characterised by institutional competition can solve
 these problems. In this article the advantages of institutional
 competition between local jurisdictions in Estonia are discussed.
 Additionally, a concrete system of competing enlarged counties is
 recommended. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-295 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370308094 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370308094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:2:p:277-295




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Egor Gaidar 
Author-X-Name-First: Egor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaidar 
Title: Recovery Growth and Some Peculiarities of the Contemporary Economic Situation in Russia 
Abstract:
  This article shows that after the collapse of the USSR the post-socialist
 countries all followed a similar path: after the transformation fall in
 social production they are now in the stage of growth. Moreover, this does
 not depend on particular circumstances connected with, for example, the
 absence or presence of exportable resources, government by one party or
 another or the accession of any particular politician to power. This
 growth, called recovery growth, by its nature inevitably fades, and in
 Russia its possibilities are practically exhausted. However, the question
 is not about driving up the pace of growth, which is dangerous. On the
 contrary, efforts must be concentrated on preparing and carrying out
 comprehensive, interconnected structural reforms, which will also ensure
 steady economic growth in the future. The country, the author says, must
 learn to develop using not so much instruments of state coercion as
 private incentives and initiative. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 299-311 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139025 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139025
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:299-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Mau 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mau 
Title: Post-communist Russia in the Post-industrial World: The Quest for Catching-up Policy 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the strategy of economic development of Russia,
 which has to be developed after the end of the first stage of
 post-communist transition--when the private economy replaced the
 state-controlled one and stabilisation was achieved. Russia is considered
 to be a heavily industrialised country, which has faced the challenges of
 post-industrial modernisation in the logic of catching-up development.
 This makes it different from so-called 'new industrial states'--countries
 that have to resolve the task of transformation of a traditional
 (agrarian) society to an industrial one. The analysis is based on
 Gerschenkron's approach to 'accelerated industrialisation' and its
 adjustment to the post-industrial world. The author suggests a set of
 economic policy principles which could ensure sustainable economic growth
 and stimulate structural reforms appropriate for the new challenges, that
 is to stimulate transformation of an industrial country to a
 post-industrial one. This is considered as a 'policy of catching-up
 post-industrialisation'. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 313-330 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139034 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:313-330




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rudiger Ahrend 
Author-X-Name-First: Rudiger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahrend 
Author-Name: Joaquim Oliveira Martins 
Author-X-Name-First: Joaquim Oliveira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martins 
Title: Creative Destruction or Destructive Perpetuation: The Role of Large State-owned Enterprises and SMEs in Romania During Transition 
Abstract:
  In this article we investigate the role both the old large enterprises
 sector and the new SME sector have played during transition in Romania. In
 the first part, based on micro data for the large SOE sector, we document
 how heavily loss-making enterprises have been able to survive for a
 decade, through initially direct and later increasingly indirect subsidies
 from the state. We show concretely how the 'survival of the unfittest' has
 led to the emergence of pervasive chains of arrears in the economy, with
 large negative consequences not only for the budget and state-owned energy
 suppliers but also for general economic efficiency. We thus show that the
 lagging privatisation of large SOEs has had negative systemic effects on
 the Romanian economy, well beyond the question of increased enterprise
 efficiency. In the second part we show that--in spite of the drain of
 resources from the large SOEs and a difficult business climate--a sector
 of SMEs has emerged that has been the main contributor to employment and
 export growth in recent years. However, the development of the SME sector
 has been severely constrained by the aforementioned negative forces, as
 documented by its underdevelopment in comparison with those of other
 Eastern European transition countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 331-356 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139043 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139043
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:331-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benno Torgler 
Author-X-Name-First: Benno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Torgler 
Title: Tax Morale in Transition Countries 
Abstract:
  This article tries to reduce the lack of tax compliance research
 analysing tax morale in transition countries. The empirical analysis using
 tax morale as a dependent variable working with World Values Survey data
 indicates that there is a significantly higher tax morale in Central and
 Eastern European than in former Soviet Union countries. This difference
 has increased during the transition process. Furthermore, the article
 shows that factors such as trust in the legal system and the government
 have a significant positive effect on tax morale in transition economies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 357-381 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139052 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139052
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:357-381




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donggen Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Donggen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Li Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Knowledge Disparity and Regional Inequality in Post-reform China 
Abstract:
  This article investigates China's knowledge disparity and its association
 with economic inequality, an issue little attended in Chinese regional
 studies. It focuses on the 1990s, the period when the economic reform and
 open door policy started to have their full impact on all aspects of
 social and economic development. The article reveals that knowledge
 advancement is uneven in China, with a regional pattern similar to
 economic inequality but also unique in several ways. The association
 between knowledge disparity and economic inequality is found not to be as
 strong as one would expect. The implications of the findings in terms of
 the impact of reform policies are discussed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 383-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139061 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139061
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:383-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: Barna Kovacs 
Author-X-Name-First: Barna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacs 
Author-Name: Tamas Mizik 
Author-X-Name-First: Tamas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mizik 
Author-Name: Sophia Davidova 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidova 
Author-Name: Tomas Ratinger 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ratinger 
Author-Name: Belen Iraizoz 
Author-X-Name-First: Belen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iraizoz 
Title: An Analysis of the Performance of Commercially Oriented Farms in Hungary 
Abstract:
  As a result of the economic restructuring and political reforms
 undertaken during the 1990s, Hungary has a varied set of farm types that
 encompass a wide array of different sizes, degrees of capital intensity
 and forms of ownership. This article explores the performance of Hungarian
 farms and concludes that, in contrast to other Central and Eastern
 European (CEE) countries, the majority of commercially oriented farms are
 profitable. However, estimates are sensitive to the valuation of own land
 and labour inputs. From the application of factor and cluster analysis,
 eight clusters of farms are profiled and the most competitive group
 identified. While the most profitable cluster also has the highest mean
 farm size, farm consolidation should not be treated as a panacea for
 dealing with low agricultural returns in the region. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 401-416 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139070 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139070
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:401-416




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Lingard 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lingard 
Title: A Comparative Advantage Analysis of Kosovan Agriculture 
Abstract:
  Following the 1999 ethnic conflict in Kosova between Serbs and Kosovar
 Albanians, the UN has been promoting agricultural and rural recovery in a
 war-torn, divided and vandalised country. A pillar of this effort is to
 provide loans to farmers and agri-businesses to re-establish agricultural
 production so as to encourage moves towards reconciliation and a peaceful
 future. Early loans were advanced to uncompetitive sectors like wine which
 had no realistic chance of making any repayments. A study was carried out
 in 2002 to assess the competitiveness of the various agricultural sectors
 to rapidly inform future lending programmes. This article reports this
 study and its findings. Credit should only be advanced to sectors in which
 Kosova has potential competitiveness in terms of its trade parity prices.
 It is shown that, contrary to common belief, domestic wheat production is
 competitive (Table 3) and other sectors with potential to substitute for
 imports include the milk industry and potato production, but Kosova has
 few real opportunities to export to competitive, international markets. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 417-434 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139089 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139089
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:417-434




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Camilla Jensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Camilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen 
Title: Socialism, Spillovers and Markets in Cuba 
Abstract:
  This article undertakes an empirical evaluation of Cuba's new development
 strategy placing tourism at the heart of the process of incorporating
 markets into a socialist system. The principal research question is
 whether the introduction of markets related to the Cuban tourism complex
 has been as successful in establishing viable backward linkages to
 industry as claimed. Drawing on a multitude of quantitative and
 qualitative sources, the article demonstrates that backward linkage
 building has been quite successful and even made possible a transformation
 of Cuba's formerly so dependent trade structures. However, there are signs
 that backward linkages are not as viable as could be desired. Other
 complementary reforms beside the introduction of markets are necessary,
 such as fighting soft budget constraints in user and producer firms. The
 article concludes that it will be difficult to fight the roots of the
 inherited incentive problem without initiating fundamental labour market
 reforms. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 435-459 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139098 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139098
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:435-459




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruta Aidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aidis 
Title: Officially Despised Yet Tolerated: Open-air Markets and Entrepreneurship in Post-socialist Countries 
Abstract:
  This article examines the entrepreneurial activity at open-air markets
 (OAMs) in post-socialist countries. Based on interviews and observations
 of 65 traders at the largest OAM in the Baltics, we address the following
 questions: (a) To what extent can these traders be considered productive
 entrepreneurs? and (b) What unique functions do OAMs fulfil in the
 post-socialist environment? Our analysis indicates that, based on our
 working definition of entrepreneurship in transition countries, we
 consider these traders to be entrepreneurs. In addition, we identify a
 number of important social, political and economic roles that OAM traders
 fulfil in the transition environment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 461-473 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000139106 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000139106
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:3:p:461-473




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Wegren 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren 
Title: Why rural Russians participate in the land market: socio-economic factors 
Abstract:
  The existing literature does not provide a theoretical basis for
 understanding why Russians participate in the land market. Based upon a
 survey of 800 rural households in five Russian regions, this article
 analyses three variable clusters which act as the independent variable:
 structural factors, capital factors and labour factors. Statistical
 analysis is performed to test which of the independent variables best
 explain participation in the land market. The analysis has policy
 implications as Russia searches for a way to transform its land relations. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 483-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000140285 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000140285
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:4:p:483-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki 
Title: The governance mechanism of Russian firms: its self-enforcing nature and limitations 
Abstract:
  The legal form of business enterprises in contemporary Russia is
 diversified to almost the same extent as those in major advanced
 countries. Joint-stock companies are now the most common form of
 incorporation among leading industrial enterprises. The law on joint-stock
 companies in Russia provides for the governance mechanism of joint-stock
 companies, in order to implement the concept of a 'self-enforcing'
 organisation in which the legal code of business management should be
 observed voluntarily by managers and large stockholders. This fundamental
 idea is embodied in many aspects of the current system, including the
 mechanism of management and supervision characterised as 'diarchial
 leadership', the balance of power between stockholders and corporate
 officers, and the internal audit system. However, the self-enforcing
 nature of the Russian enterprise has been undermined by a number of
 factors, including the overwhelming expansion of closed joint-stock
 companies, the predominance of insider ownership, the short history of
 internal auditing and the lack of legal enforcement power. As a result,
 breaches of company law are rampant in Russia today. This raises serious
 problems for the Russian corporate system, along with the legal
 peculiarity of privatised firms and people's enterprises, which
 complicates the system of joint-stock companies and deprives it of
 transparency. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 503-531 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000140294 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000140294
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:4:p:503-531




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Przemek Kowalski 
Author-X-Name-First: Przemek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowalski 
Author-Name: Wojciech Paczynski 
Author-X-Name-First: Wojciech 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paczynski 
Author-Name: Lukasz Rawdanowicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Lukasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rawdanowicz 
Title: Exchange rate regimes and the real sector: a sectoral analysis of CEE Countries 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on the real
 sector. While most studies in this field have so far concentrated on
 aggregate variables, we pursue a sectoral approach distinguishing between
 the tradable and non-tradable sectors. First, we present a survey of the
 relevant theoretical and empirical literature. This demonstrates that
 evaluations of exchange rate regimes and their impact on the real economy
 are largely dependent on specific assumptions concerning, in particular,
 the parameters of a utility function, the nature of the price adjustment
 process and the characteristics of the shocks analysed. Second, we conduct
 an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the tradable and non-tradable
 sectors under different exchange rate regimes in seven Central and Eastern
 European countries. We find no firm evidence of a differential impact of
 given exchange rate regimes on the dynamics of output and prices in the
 two sectors. We proffer a conceptual and technical interpretation of this. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 533-555 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000140302 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000140302
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:4:p:533-555




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emil Erjavec 
Author-X-Name-First: Emil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erjavec 
Author-Name: Miroslav Rednak 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rednak 
Author-Name: Tina Volk 
Author-X-Name-First: Tina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Volk 
Author-Name: Jernej Turk 
Author-X-Name-First: Jernej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turk 
Title: The transition from 'socialist' agriculture to the common agricultural policy: the case of Slovenia 
Abstract:
  This article describes the changes in Slovenian agricultural policy in
 the period 1993-2001 in light of Slovenia's anticipated accession to the
 European Union. Agriculture in Slovenia is characterised by relatively
 unfavourable natural and structural conditions, which also explains its
 status as a net food importer and its relatively protectionist
 agricultural policy. The period of transition was also a period of
 thorough restructuring of agricultural policy, which was gradually brought
 into line with the goals and mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy
 (CAP). Even before accession Slovenia started to implement CAP-like
 measures, including direct payments and rural development policy measures.
 Slovenia is thus the only candidate country for EU accession with a level
 of support for agriculture comparable with that in the European Union. In
 its negotiations for EU membership, Slovenia agreed on the same level of
 direct payments for Slovenian farmers as received by farmers in the
 European Union, except that in the first period they will be largely
 covered from the national budget. As a result of the outcome of
 negotiations, the economic position of Slovenian farmers after accession
 is not expected to change markedly on the aggregate level, particularly if
 all the necessary steps are taken with regard to the building of an
 efficient system for the transposition of the CAP. Accession to the EU
 will, however, not solve the problem of relatively poor compeititiveness
 of the agricultural sector in Slovenia, which still has to undergo
 comprehensive structural changes and adjustments. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 557-569 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000140311 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000140311
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Title: Wage formation during economic transformation: macroeconomic facts and firm survey evidence from Slovenia 
Abstract:
  This article provides macroeconomic stylised facts on wage comparisons
 and microeconomic evidence on how institutional changes, competitive
 pressures in firms' output markets, human capital and efficiency wage
 payment affect wage formation during the early stages of transformation.
 Wages in Slovenia are higher than in other transition Central and Eastern
 European countries and higher than labour productivity. We use a firm
 survey panel dataset of Slovenian enterprises to investigate labour cost
 adjustment and its policy relevance. The results reveal that
 transformation was not a uniform process as it has induced different
 labour cost adjustments and wage responses to transformation shocks over
 time. The hypothesis that labour productivity and competitive pressures in
 firms' output markets were important for wage formation was not supported.
 We confirm that rent seeking increased wages in insider, management and
 employee-owned enterprises in anticipation of privatisation. The effect of
 human capital was modest and efficiency wage payment was found not to be
 significant. The hypothesis of unionisation in Slovenian enterprises was
 not supported. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 571-593 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000189381 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000189381
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:4:p:571-593




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thilak Ranaweera 
Author-X-Name-First: Thilak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranaweera 
Title: Alternative paths to structural adjustment in a three-gap model: the case of Uzbekistan 
Abstract:
  This study presents an internally consistent macroeconomic framework that
 could be used as a first step toward a more comprehensive quantitative and
 qualitative assessment of the adjustment alternatives facing Uzbekistan.
 The three-gap frame work focuses on the major imbalances of the economy
 for evaluating policy choices facing Uzbekistan. It lays emphasis on both
 domestic and external factors that determine economic outcomes and
 welfare. An attempt is made to quantify two policy scenarios (gradual as
 against an accelerated policy implementation strategy). It turns out that
 an aggressive adjustment policy would indeed improve most perform ance and
 welfare indicators. Two major ingredients of such an aggressive adjustment
 strategy are the unification of the exchange rate and implementation of
 current account convertibility in the balance of payments. The study also
 draws attention to the relative importance of external financing and the
 sustainability of the balance of payments under alternative structural
 adjustment paths facing Uzbek istan. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 595-611 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137032000140339 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137032000140339
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:15:y:2003:i:4:p:595-611




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Dyker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyker 
Title: Russian accession to the WTO&#x2014;why such a long and difficult road? 
Abstract:
  Russia has been negotiating for accession to the WTO for some ten years,
 and there is still no prospect of an immediate conclusion to the process.
 The reasons for this are partly to be found in the international
 environment. In the past, the geo-strategic concerns of the Western powers
 have created barriers to Russian integration into global trading
 structures. Even in the new, post-September 11 environment, existing WTO
 members have continued to use the WTO accession process as a way of
 advancing their own commercial policies vis-a-vis Russia. But the main
 obstacles to speedy accession have been internal. While the Russian
 government as a whole is strongly in favour of WTO accession as a way of
 strengthening the market mechanism and reform processes within the
 country, significant elements within it are equally strongly in favour of
 high levels of protection for specific sectors, on national security
 and/or technological/infant industry grounds. While the Russian business
 community as a whole is divided over the merits of accession, the powerful
 manufacturing and banking lobbies are demanding levels of protection that
 would almost certainly be incompatible with accession. Russian views of
 WTO accession vary widely, within both government and the business
 community, and anyone who would lobby in favour of accession within Russia
 must bear this firmly in mind. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 3-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194816 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194816
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:3-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vlad Ivanenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Vlad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanenko 
Title: Access to liquidity and non-monetary trade in Russia 
Abstract:
  This article places non-monetary trade (NMT), the persistent growth of
 which in Russia in 1992-98 economists have struggled to explain, within
 the framework of the credit channel of monetary policy. It shows that
 producers resorted to NMT responding to increases in the cost and the
 unavailability of external funds. The article traces the origins of
 structural breaks in the NMT trend to shifts in state policy that affected
 financial markets and its transitory fluctuations to temporary shocks in
 the demand for goods. It concludes that there is significant evidence
 supporting the existence of the credit channel in the Russian transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 21-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194825 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194825
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:21-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Ciaian 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciaian 
Title: Credit rationing with heterogeneous borrowers in transition economies: evidence from Slovakia 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the macroeconomic importance of credit
 rationing and whether banks use characteristics such as ownership
 structure and institutional type of borrowers in order to regulate the
 risk of loaned funds. To test this, monthly data for 2000-02, extracted
 from the National Bank of Slovakia monetary review, were used. The article
 finds that credit rationing was not present during the period analysed,
 implying that the credit market can be approximated with a typical supply
 and demand relationship. The second finding of the article is that
 intermediaries use the ownership type and institutional form of borrowers
 to regulate risk. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 39-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194834 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:39-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raul Eamets 
Author-X-Name-First: Raul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eamets 
Title: Labour market flows and adjustment to macroeconomic shocks in the Baltic States 
Abstract:
  This article presents a comparison of worker flows in all three Baltic
 labour markets before and after the 1998 Russian crisis. Our evidence
 helps us to understand the micro impacts of macroeconomic shocks in the
 late-transition countries and sheds light on labour market flexibility in
 the Baltic states. While there has been much research on the labour
 markets of transition economies, including Estonia, the other two Baltic
 economies have been largely left out so far. In spite of the common
 assumption viewing the three Baltic countries as one homogeneous group, we
 find the Russian crisis had dramatically different effects across the
 three labour markets. As a result of the crisis, the Estonian outflow from
 unemployment declined and the unemployment pool became more stagnant. In
 contrast, in Latvia the unemployment outflow remained relatively high, but
 there was an increase in the inflow to inactivity. One explanation for
 this situation in Latvia, where unemployment has been substantially higher
 than in Estonia, is that the macroeconomic shock resulted in widespread
 worker discouragement. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194843 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194843
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:47-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boris Sustar 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sustar 
Title: Industrial structure and international competitiveness of post-communist Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Slovenia's economic and political achievements have led many researchers
 to the conclusion that it may well become a success story. However, the
 efficiency of Slovenian incorporation into the international economy is
 crucially dependent on the competitiveness of Slovenian export companies.
 This article shows that (1) the number of smaller exporters is greater
 than the number of medium-sized and larger exporters; (2) the proportion
 of exporters is substantially less in small companies than in medium-sized
 and larger companies; (3) there are characteristic differences in export
 intensity between small, medium-sized and large companies and export
 intensity increases with size; (4) the role of small and medium-sized
 companies in total sales and industrial exports is not changing, although
 their international involvement is increasing; (5) there are no
 substantial differences in financial performance between small,
 medium-sized and large companies, neither do such differences exist
 between exporters and non-exporters; (6) the competitiveness of companies,
 irrespective of their size, is mostly dependent upon reduction of the gap
 in technological development and optimal specialisation for international
 markets; (7) the average technological level of production processes is
 higher in larger companies than in medium-sized and smaller companies,
 while the average technological level of products is the highest in small
 companies; and (8) it is necessary to implement a policy to increase the
 competitiveness of companies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 73-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194852 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194852
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:73-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neven Borak 
Author-X-Name-First: Neven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borak 
Author-Name: Helena Kamnar 
Author-X-Name-First: Helena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamnar 
Title: The stablising role of fiscal policy: the case of Slovenia 
Abstract:
  The Maastricht Treaty criteria are becoming the criteria for Slovenian
 economic policy making too, although they are not considered as standards
 for a country about to join the EU. Certainly, they represent a pressure
 on economic policy and require coordination of policies. Change in policy
 making reflects change in the behaviour of the main policy decision makers
 as well as in the theoretical argumentation for policy decisions. Based on
 analysis of policy documents we argue that there is a great deal of
 vagueness in this argumentation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 89-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194861 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194861
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:89-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piotr Jaworski 
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaworski 
Author-Name: Jaroslaw Wierzbicki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaroslaw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wierzbicki 
Title: An insurance policy: a case study of legal and economic interactions in a transforming economy 
Abstract:
  This article is a case study of an individual insurance policy issued
 under the centrally planned economy which matured after the beginning of
 economic transformation. The analysis is useful in understanding the much
 wider issue of problems arising with continuation of contractual relations
 in the changing economic and political environment in the post-socialist
 countries. The article illustrates the burden of systemic risk with which
 every investment in transition economies (except perhaps Eastern Germany)
 is associated through the example of the individual case and solutions
 which could be applied to it. In the new economic conditions there was no
 place for unbalanced relations between firms and their customers. Together
 with the changes in the legal environment of business, this was the
 beginning of a game of interests between the beneficiary and the insurance
 entity, neither of which would accept responsibility for the burden of
 economic changes. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 99-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000194870 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000194870
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:99-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Tompson 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tompson 
Title: What kind of 'financial safety net' for Russia? Russian Banking reform in comparative context 
Abstract:
  This article examines three current banking reform initiatives in Russia:
 the introduction of deposit insurance, the reform of prudential regulation
 and the adoption of measures intended to enhance the transparency of
 Russian banks. Together, they constitute the core elements of Russia's
 emerging 'financial safety net'&#x2014;the package of policies and
 institutions aimed at ensuring the stability of the system and
 facilitating timely, efficient action to address incipient crises. These
 reforms are assessed in light of both the lessons found in the comparative
 literature on financial sector design and the peculiarities of Russia's
 institutional environment. The analysis suggests that Russia's current
 reforms are likely to avoid many of the pitfalls identified by the
 literature but also that they are likely to have a less dramatic impact
 than the authorities hope. As ever, much will depend on implementation of
 the reforms over time, which is likely to be contested. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 115-135 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223840 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223840
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:115-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Winiecki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winiecki 
Title: Determinants of catching up or falling behind: interaction of formal and informal institutions 
Abstract:
  The article looks from an institutional perspective at the process of
 catching up by poorer countries with the level of development already
 achieved by the richer ones. The author stresses that resources are of
 secondary importance, relative to the institutional framework conducive to
 or discouraging economic development. It is from such a perspective that
 the present writer approaches post-communist transition, noting the
 existence of leaders and laggards in the process. Differences in outcomes
 are ascribed, unsurprisingly, to differences in institution-building (both
 general and specific rules) and, even more importantly, to differences in
 what the author calls &#x201c;civilisational fundamentals&#x201d; of
 liberty, law and order, and trust. The main thesis is that the
 fundamentals in question are the heritage of pre-communist past.
 Therefore, it is the pre-communist heritage, the presence or absence of
 the fundamentals in question, which largely determine the transition's
 success or failure. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 137-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223859 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223859
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:137-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasushi Nakamura 
Author-X-Name-First: Yasushi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamura 
Title: The oil and gas industry in the Russian economy: a social accounting matrix approach 
Abstract:
  The Russian oil and gas industry is prominent in the economy. However,
 the general view has been that the industry has contributed less than
 expected to economic growth, mainly because of its disinclination to
 invest domestically. Although this view is probably true, it is not clear
 whether the reluctance to invest domestically is unique to the oil and gas
 industry. To answer this question, a social accounting matrix (SAM) which
 includes the institutional accounts for the oil and gas companies
 separated from those for other companies was constructed. Using the SAM,
 the behaviours of the oil and gas and other companies were compared. The
 analysis showed that non-oil and gas companies were also inclined to make
 financial investments overseas. This implies that redistributing the oil
 and gas rent would not activate fixed investment. Investment in a social
 and productive infrastructure would be needed to implement change. How the
 oil and gas rent can be most effectively used to accelerate economic
 growth needs to be investigated using more sophisticated policy analysis
 tools to take into consideration the effects from price and exchange rate
 changes. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 153-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223868 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223868
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:153-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zdenka Zenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Zdenka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zenko 
Author-Name: Matjaz Mulej 
Author-X-Name-First: Matjaz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulej 
Author-Name: Jure Marn 
Author-X-Name-First: Jure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marn 
Title: Innovation before entry into the EU: the case of Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Slovenia is about to enter the EU. Is she ready? There is a difference
 between the legal and the real readiness of Slovenia to enter the EU. This
 article presents the outlook for innovation in Slovenia. First, the number
 of patents filed and obtained (national, PCT and European patents) is
 examined for all 129 publicly listed (32 regularly and 97 over-the-counter
 listed) companies on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. Then the situation is
 explored further in several companies on the basis of semi-structured
 questionnaires. While virtually all respondents agree that the situation
 is alarming, few are actually willing to put in the necessary effort to
 increase the gain from innovation and to make innovation more important in
 the eyes of management and employees alike. The article also gives a short
 overview of the legal structure for protection of intellectual property in
 Slovenia. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 169-189 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223877 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223877
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:169-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Author-Name: Ana Xavier 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xavier 
Title: Entry and exit in transition economies: the Slovenian manufacturing sector 
Abstract:
  This article investigates entry and exit in Slovenian manufacturing for
 the period 1994-2000 using OLS and panel data fixed and random-effects
 estimations. Private ownership is associated with higher rates of firm
 exit, suggesting that this ownership structure is related to a higher risk
 of bankruptcy so that the least efficient firms are replaced by more
 efficient ones. However, and although most entrants are private, it is
 negatively related to entry (in lagged terms), potentially indicating that
 sectors with a higher proportion of private firms are also highly
 populated, closer to break-even point and thus less appealing. Export
 orientation is associated with lower exit, confirming the theory that
 exporting firms outperformed domestically focused firms, and with lower
 entry, perhaps suggesting that exporting involves more complex ways of
 doing business that deter the typically small new entrants. Higher
 profitability reduces exit rates. Labour-intensive sectors witness higher
 entry rates, indicating that labour is relatively cheaper than capital for
 new entering firms. Finally, there may be important technological barriers
 to exit (sunk costs) in Slovenia, but not to entry. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 191-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223886 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223886
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:191-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luiza Toma 
Author-X-Name-First: Luiza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toma 
Author-Name: Erik Mathijs 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathijs 
Title: Stated environmental preferences in a Romanian rural community 
Abstract:
  This article uses random utility theory to analyse the economic and
 environmental trade-offs at farm level in a Romanian rural area
 confronting water pollution on the basis of survey data. To underline the
 impact of socio-economic variables in the decision-making process at farm
 level as regards environmental choices, a binary logit model is estimated
 that includes socio-economic variables in addition to the attributes in
 the choice set. The study shows that heterogeneity in tastes is partially
 captured by the inclusion of socio-economic variables such as age,
 education, access to agri-environmental information, number of children,
 land ownership and investment behaviour. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 215-227 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223895 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:215-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elissaveta Zaharieva 
Author-X-Name-First: Elissaveta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaharieva 
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: John Lingard 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lingard 
Title: An evaluation of marketing practices and market orientation in the Bulgarian wine industry 
Abstract:
  Case study analysis reveals that a production orientation rather than a
 market focus predominantly guides the Bulgarian wine industry. Market
 orientation has not as yet been effectively implemented owing to internal
 inertia, ignorance, ambiguous ownership structures and grape procurement
 problems. Whilst a minority of wineries has become market-oriented,
 overall the industry has been unable to deliver wines of sufficient and
 consistent quality, leading to a weakening of the generic Bulgaria brand
 and a falling share of international wine markets. Most exporters compete
 in low price categories without a sustainable cost advantage, generating
 low mark-ups and thus limiting resources for differentiation. Wineries
 need to develop better collaborative relations with their overseas agents
 and quality management systems and improve the generation of, and
 responsiveness to, market intelligence. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 229-243 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000223903 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000223903
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:2:p:229-243




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Chernyavsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chernyavsky 
Author-Name: Karen Vartapetov 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vartapetov 
Title: Municipal finance reform and local self-governance in Russia 
Abstract:
  By analysing Russian local budget revenue and expenditure reform in the
 1990s and the early 2000s this article demonstrates that it is the
 shortcomings of the municipal finance system that are the major obstacle
 to local self-governance development in Russia. The recent tax reforms
 resulted in a decrease in local fiscal autonomy. Municipal budget revenues
 have dropped sharply in relative as well as absolute terms. Despite
 significant formal expenditure responsibilities, Russian municipalities
 are completely financially dependent on the higher-level governments.
 Within regions regional governments tend increasingly to finance the
 provision of municipal public services. The analysis of the possible
 budgetary consequences of the new law 'On the General Principles of the
 Organisation of Local Self-Governance in the Russian Federation', proposed
 by President Putin, shows that the trend towards fiscal centralisation is
 likely to continue. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 251-264 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257500 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257500
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:251-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phillip Bryson 
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bryson 
Author-Name: Gary Cornia 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia 
Title: Public sector transition in post-communist economies: the struggle for fiscal decentralisation in the Czech and Slovak Republics 
Abstract:
  Studies of economic transition often focus on the private sector, but
 successful transition also requires devolution in the public sector. This
 study compares fiscal decentralisation in the Czech and Slovak Republics,
 whose institutions began to diverge only after their 1993 'velvet
 divorce'. This article reviews challenges confronted in this fiscal
 decentralisation. Local finance problems are related to revenue
 generation, the use of the property tax and the transfer of funds to
 municipalities. Local political autonomy includes the ability to exercise
 some autonomy in resource use. Little can be expected where sub-national
 governments generate little revenue independently. Potential moral hazard
 problems are associated with central generation of property tax revenues,
 as occurs in the Czech case. The EU has not promoted fiscal
 decentralisation in these republics, although it has encouraged 'reforms
 of public administration' to devolve power. But fiscal decentralisation
 and public administration reform are complementary strategies rather than
 strategy substitutes. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 265-283 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257519 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257519
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:265-283




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacek Cukrowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cukrowski 
Title: Russian oil: the role of the sector in Russia's economy 
Abstract:
  Russia's oil sector is critical to the country's overall economic
 development at present and may affect the whole Russian economy in the
 next several years. Nevertheless, like all other energy sectors in the
 Russian Federation, it faces a number of problems, including low domestic
 prices, a poor regulatory framework, little competition, underinvestment
 and environmental failure. There is little know-ledge of the real needs
 and problems of the sector, including high production costs, weak
 transport infrastructure, low investment and obsolete technical equipment,
 but instead there is permanent political pressure to increase the tax
 burden. In this context the analysis presented in the article contributes
 to ongoing discussions and presents a number of numerical estimations
 relating to the current situation of the oil sector in Russia, including
 overall sector revenue, cost estimates, total tax burden, present level of
 investment etc., and simulations of the situation in the sector under
 different future oil price scenarios. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 285-296 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257528 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257528
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:285-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margarita Grazhdaninova 
Author-X-Name-First: Margarita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grazhdaninova 
Author-Name: Gregory Brock 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock 
Title: Grain and sunflower on Russian farms in 2001: how efficient is crop production? 
Abstract:
  An unusually detailed sample of large farms in Rostov, Ivanovo and Nizhny
 Novgorod regions of Russia in 2001 allows microeconomic examination of the
 production of grain and sunflower crops on Russian farms. Farms are found
 to have some excess capital and labour, but not land and other types of
 capital. New operators are found to be more efficient than other farms
 thought they do not necessarily produce more output. Neither rural
 infrastructure, location nor specialisation has a clear impact on farm
 efficiency. How workers are paid is found to be a potential short-term
 method for improving farm efficiency that would not involve major farm
 restructuring. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 297-305 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257537 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257537
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:297-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marko Pahor 
Author-X-Name-First: Marko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pahor 
Author-Name: Janez Prasnikar 
Author-X-Name-First: Janez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prasnikar 
Author-Name: Anuska Ferligoj 
Author-X-Name-First: Anuska 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferligoj 
Title: Building a corporate network in a transition economy: the case of Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe underwent a
 massive programme of privatisation in the 1990s. Corporate networks that
 emerged from the privatisation process are a reflection of a particular
 privatisation model chosen. In Slovenia, as in developed economies,
 financial institutions play a central role in the corporate network. But
 whereas in Western economies these are mainly banks, investment banks,
 pension funds and insurance companies, the central role in Slovenia was
 given to privatisation investment funds and state funds. Owners and
 regulators in transition countries face the difficult task of balancing
 between governance issues and benefits that arise from co-operation among
 companies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 307-331 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257546 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257546
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:307-331




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dirk Bezemer 
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bezemer 
Author-Name: Zvi Lerman 
Author-X-Name-First: Zvi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lerman 
Title: Rural livelihoods in Armenia 
Abstract:
  This article explores the structure of the rural economy in Armenia from
 a farm household perspective. Ownership of capital and access to
 activities are examined on the basis of data from a recent large-scale
 survey of farm households in Armenia. Different measures for the outcome
 of livelihood strategies in terms of well-being are observed. Income-poor
 households are found to be less well endowed especially with financial and
 social capital. They derive smaller income shares from economic activities
 and more from dissaving and social payments. The findings are relevant to
 policies aimed at alleviating rural poverty. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 333-348 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257555 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257555
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:333-348




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leo McCann 
Author-X-Name-First: Leo 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCann 
Title: Globalisation and post-socialist development: the Tatarstan variety of capitalism 
Abstract:
  Russia's regions are attempting to form meaningful democratic systems,
 free markets and profitable industrial firms. This article, based on
 qualitative interviewing with local and foreign economic actors in the
 Republic of Tatarstan in central Russia, argues that while there are
 strong desires for globalisation to happen, the goal of significant
 integration into the world market is far from being attained. In this
 difficult scenario the local state, far from being a 'failed state',
 instead takes on a central role in determining the present and future
 shape of this developing region. Implications for globalisation theory are
 considered in the conclusion. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 349-362 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257564 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257564
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:349-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alessandro Kihlgren 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kihlgren 
Title: The methodology used by Russian statistical bodies to analyse small business 
Abstract:
  Assessing the level of development of small business in Russia requires a
 critical analysis of official statistics, owing to the existence of
 several inconsistencies. In addition, the frequent changes in the
 methodology make it difficult to compare the data over a period. It must
 also be taken into account that Russian and Western official data on small
 business are not fully comparable, as the Russian definition of small
 business has several limitations. For this reason its contribution to the
 economy is understated. Officially, employment in small businesses has
 stopped growing since 1994. Survey-based results, however, point to a
 continuous increase in the number of people employed by new private
 enterprises, suggesting that the emergence of entrepreneurship has been an
 organic process, as in the leading transition countries, although it has
 been much slower in Russia. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 363-377 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000257573 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000257573
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:3:p:363-377




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Title: Evolution of corporate governance in Russia: government policy vs. real incentives of economic agents 
Abstract:
  This article is devoted to analysing the evolution of corporate
 governance mechanisms in Russia. Special attention is paid to the causes
 of dramatic discrepancies between the expected outputs of institutional
 reforms implemented by the Russian government with World Bank and IMF
 support and the actual behaviour of Russian companies. Why was the model
 of interaction between enterprises and investors, owners and managers,
 which had been successful in other countries, rejected by Russian business
 in the 1990s? And how can we evaluate certain positive changes that have
 occurred recently in corporate policies of major Russian companies? These
 questions are answered on the bases of analysis of economic agents'
 motivation at different stages of development of corporate structures in
 Russia. The article argues that the need for comprehensive organisational
 and technological restructuring of enterprises led to the need for a
 concentrated ownership structure. The formation of such a structure in the
 late 1990s (which occurred, in fact, contrary to the government's
 activities) created preconditions for extending the time horizon of
 dominant owners and managers and for positive qualitative changes in the
 relations between major Russian companies and their shareholders and
 investors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 387-403 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309520 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:387-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Title: A very Soviet form of capitalism? The management of holding companies in Russia 
Abstract:
  The transition to a market economy in Russia did not initially lead to
 significant changes in the social organisation of production, leading some
 to doubt that Russia was in transition to capitalism at all. Since the
 1998 devaluation, Russian capitalist holding companies have invested in
 industrial enterprises. This article reviews the impact of such investment
 on the management structure of Russian companies on the basis of a series
 of intensive case studies. The case studies show a very consistent pattern
 of strictly centralised hierarchical management, which reproduces many
 features of the traditional Soviet system of administrative control, using
 financial rather than physical indicators, with production subordinate to
 projected sales, but very limited change in the traditional forms of
 personnel and production management. In conclusion, the question is raised
 whether this represents a distinctively Russian form of capitalism or is
 merely a transitional stage of capitalist development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 405-422 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309539 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309539
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:405-422




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Business innovation in Russian industry 
Abstract:
  This article reports the results of a quasi-longitudinal survey of 2,800
 top corporate executives of Russian industrial enterprises, presenting a
 snapshot of current innovation attempts in Russian enterprises and
 indicating economic and institutional factors that foster or hinder
 innovation. Russian CEOs see the necessity of profound changes in many
 areas of enterprise management and are not afraid of such changes, as
 innovations are perceived to be the best competitive weapon. However,
 their resources for radical innovation are rather limited. Beside lack of
 finance, the superimposed narrower strategic focus, the rigidities of
 local business networks, the weakness of external infrastructure for
 innovation and the absence of state support seriously impede attempts to
 implement radical changes. However, in every Russian industry surveyed
 there is a visible presence of innovative companies, which constitute
 15-30% of all large and medium-size companies. Moreover, increasing
 imports and the growing number of foreign subsidiaries in Russia will
 continue to push Russian companies towards more intensive changes in all
 areas of enterprise management. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 423-438 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309548 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:423-438




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irina Bezlepkina 
Author-X-Name-First: Irina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bezlepkina 
Author-Name: Arie Oskam 
Author-X-Name-First: Arie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oskam 
Author-Name: Alfons Oude Lansink 
Author-X-Name-First: Alfons Oude 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lansink 
Author-Name: Ruud Huirne 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruud 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huirne 
Title: Development and performance of Russian agricultural enterprises, 1990-2001 
Abstract:
  This article presents an overview of the development of Russian
 agricultural enterprises in 1990-2001. The multi-layered structure of
 agriculture represented by different categories of non-commercial and
 commercial producers requires a clear distinction of policies with respect
 to their targets and end results. The agricultural enterprises maintained
 their leading role in marketed agricultural production and represent the
 main focus group among the agricultural producers for policy makers. The
 article reviews organisational and structural changes to these enterprises
 in the period studied, and their economic and financial performance. It
 also examines current policies for resolving the problems in agriculture. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 439-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309557 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309557
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:439-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matija Rojec 
Author-X-Name-First: Matija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojec 
Author-Name: Janez Sustersic 
Author-X-Name-First: Janez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sustersic 
Author-Name: Bostjan Vasle 
Author-X-Name-First: Bostjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasle 
Author-Name: Marijana Bednas 
Author-X-Name-First: Marijana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bednas 
Author-Name: Slavica Jurancic 
Author-X-Name-First: Slavica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jurancic 
Title: The rise and decline of gradualism in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Slovenia is a typical representative of a gradualist approach to
 transition. The prevailing view in Slovenia is that the gradualist
 approach has been the best solution. Contrary to this view, this article
 claims that the gradualist approach to transition gives positive results
 in the initial period but gradually reduces the pace of reform and leads
 to the postponement of some necessary steps, resulting in worsening
 economic trends. It provides empirical evidence in support of this thesis,
 indicating (i) gradual worsening of the level of export competitiveness
 and lagging behind in the restructuring of the Slovenian manufacturing
 sector, thus slowing down the process of real convergence; (ii) that the
 most important reason for persistent inflation, which is the major problem
 of Slovenia's nominal convergence, is structural&#x2014;slow restructuring
 in tradables and lack of reform in non-tradables&#x2014;and is a direct
 consequence of a slow transition process. The article concludes that the
 exogenous shock of EU accession, which puts pressure on economic policy,
 is welcome for the badly needed acceleration of the reform process in
 Slovenia. Economic policy should use this exogenous shock for the
 accomplishment of the remaining structural reforms. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 459-482 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309566 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:459-482




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zan Oplotnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Zan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oplotnik 
Author-Name: Bostjan Brezovnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Bostjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brezovnik 
Title: Financing local government in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Financial resources are of essential importance for optimal local
 government functioning. Without a sufficient level of autonomy and
 resources, fiscal federalism is nothing more than an external appearance.
 With only one lower tier of government (municipalities), Slovenia is among
 the countries with a relatively low degree of decentralisation. The share
 of local finance amounts to around 5% of GDP (EU around 12%). Although the
 law allows creation of more lower tiers, no such units have been created
 yet. There are currently 193 municipalities, varying greatly in terms of
 population. Most of the local financial model discrepancies derive from:
 a) an inappropriate vertical tax structure and low level of local fiscal
 autonomy, b) an inadequate system of financial equalisation that is a
 strong disincentive to revenue mobilisation, c) absence of correlation
 between normative and actual expenditure/revenue, disregarding local
 characteristics, wealth and tax base, d) politically enforced decisions to
 found some 'fictitious' units, consequently reducing the role of local
 officials in political bargaining and lobbying. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 483-496 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309575 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:483-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaowen Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Author-Name: Shuanglin Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Author-Name: Vai Io Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Vai Io 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Title: Foreign direct investment and economic performance in transition economies: evidence from China 
Abstract:
  Based upon a production function with FDI representing updated technology
 from more developed, market-based economies, this study tests the
 hypothesis that FDI contributes to the economic growth of less developed,
 transition economies via technology updating, using data for 30 Chinese
 provinces from 1985 to 2000. It is found that provinces with a higher FDI
 ratio experienced faster technology updating and more rapid economic
 growth. The study suggests that less developed, transition economies
 should encourage FDI from more developed, market-based economies so as to
 accelerate technology updating and economic growth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 497-510 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/1463137042000309584 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1463137042000309584
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:16:y:2004:i:4:p:497-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jerome Trotignon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerome 
Author-X-Name-Last: Trotignon 
Title: EMU Enlargement to Include CEE Countries: Risks of Sector-based and Geographical Asymmetric Shocks 
Abstract:
  Future membership of CEE countries in the euro zone highlights the risk
 of external asymmetric demand shocks due to too strong a dependence on one
 sector or one customer country. The purpose of this article is to build
 two indicators of exposure to shocks&#x2014;sector-based and
 geographical&#x2014;taking into account the symmetry of the export
 structures of a future member with the EMU and the trade openness of the
 future member. This enables us to draw up a classification of the CEE
 countries according to fulfillment of the Kenen criterion, revised and
 then transposed to the geographical variety of exports. The results,
 compared with those of the two countries in the EMU which are most
 sensitive to sector-based and geographical shocks (Finland and Ireland),
 testify to a generally pronounced exposure to shocks. An inventory of the
 pairs 'country/branch' and 'country/destination' liable to be at the
 origin of shocks with strong macroeconomic impact shows that Bulgaria and
 Slovakia, and to an even greater extent Estonia and Latvia, are exposed to
 major risks. In so far as Bulgaria and Latvia's real convergence process
 with the euro zone seems scarcely to have started, these two economies
 might consider postponing EMU membership or creating a cyclical
 stabilisation fund on joining. This recommendation contradicts the
 endogenous OCA theory, which is put forward when intra-industry trade
 intensifies. However, an increase in the share of intra-industry trade
 between a CEE country and the EMU does not necessarily entail less
 exposure to the shocks studied. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 3-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052233 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052233
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:3-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Feinberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feinberg 
Author-Name: Mieke Meurs 
Author-X-Name-First: Mieke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meurs 
Title: Market Reform, Infrastructure and Exchange Rate Passthrough in Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  The economic liberalisation which has occurred in Central and Eastern
 Europe (CEE) over the past 15 years has aimed at integrating markets into
 the global economy and realising the benefits of competition. This article
 examines a three-way pooled sample of annual data for 13 industry sectors
 in five CEE countries to explore the determinants of real exchange rate
 effects on domestic prices. Changes in the sensitivity of domestic markets
 to international shocks, as reflected in these exchange rate effects, may
 be viewed as a proxy for competitive pressures in these markets. We find
 that market reforms have played an important role in integrating a
 country's markets into the global economy, with a lesser impact of
 infrastructure development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 21-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052456 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052456
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:21-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Bragin 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bragin 
Author-Name: Vladimir Osakovsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osakovsky 
Title: Estimation of the Natural Unemployment Rate in the Russian Federation, 1994-2004 
Abstract:
  To specify the problem of unemployment in Russia, we estimate the natural
 rate of unemployment by consecutively estimating the optimal size of the
 labour force and the optimal employment. For estimation of the optimal
 values we used a modified Hodrick-Prescott filter technique. The results
 show that the natural rate of unemployment in Russia during 1994-97 was
 stable around 13-13.5% and decreased to 7.1% by mid-2004. Moreover, before
 1998 the actual unemployment was significantly lower than the natural rate
 and today practically equals it. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 33-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052514 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052514
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:33-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Horst Feldmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Horst 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldmann 
Title: Labour Market Institutions and Labour Market Performance in Transition Countries 
Abstract:
  This article examines five types of labour market institutions: statutory
 minimum wages, working-time regulations, hiring and firing regulations,
 trade unions and industrial relations. It uses the results of surveys that
 were carried our between 1996 and 2001 among senior business executives
 from 12 transition countries. In these surveys the managers characterised
 the institutions of their respective countries. The article conducts
 multivariate regressions incorporating the survey results and finds that
 high statutory minimum wages, strict working-time regulations, tight
 hiring and firing regulations, powerful unions as well as confrontational
 industrial relations lead to higher unemployment and lower employment,
 mainly among the problem groups of the labour market: the low-skilled, the
 long-term unemployed, young people and women. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052720 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052720
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:47-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones 
Author-Name: Panu Kalmi 
Author-X-Name-First: Panu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalmi 
Author-Name: Niels Mygind 
Author-X-Name-First: Niels 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mygind 
Title: Choice of Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Estonia 
Abstract:
  This article uses panel data for a representative sample of Estonian
 enterprises to analyse diverse issues related to the determinants of
 ownership structures and ownership changes after privatisation. A key
 focus is to determine whether ownership changes are related to economic
 efficiency. While employee-owned firms are found to be much more prone
 than other firms to switch ownership categories, often 'employee-owned'
 firms remain 'insider-owned' as ownership passes from current employees to
 managers and former employees. Logit analysis of the determinants of
 ownership structures and ownership changes provides mixed support for
 several hypotheses. As predicted: (i) wealth and resource constraints play
 a crucial role in the determination of ownership, with foreigners buying
 firms with the highest equity levels and insiders buying firms with the
 lowest equity valuations; (ii) risk aversion explains subsequent ownership
 changes, especially away from employee ownership; (iii) allocation of
 ownership depends on the pre-privatisation origin and location of the
 firm, and these factors also influence subsequent ownership changes. Our
 findings provide mixed support for the hypothesis that ownership changes
 are related to economic efficiency. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 83-107 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052779 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052779
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:83-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calin Valsan 
Author-X-Name-First: Calin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valsan 
Title: The Determinants of Borrowing by Newly Exchange-listed Firms in Romania: When Adverse Selection Meets Cronyism 
Abstract:
  Analysis of 580 Romanian firms listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange and
 RASDAQ during 1997 and 1998 reveals that corporate borrowing was
 influenced by budget constraints, adverse selection and ownership
 structure. These exchange-listed corporations carried a very low level of
 short-term debt, were relatively profitable, paid very little dividend and
 relied mostly on internal capital. The negative relationship between
 financing needs and new borrowing suggests that severe adverse selection
 might have played a significant role here. Firms owned by Romanian
 nationals appeared to have easier access to credit than those owned by
 foreign investors, management or employees or other Romanian institutional
 investors: this finding testifies to political cronyism. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 109-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052811 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052811
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:109-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jose Alvarez 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alvarez 
Title: Cuba's New Sugarcane Cooperatives Ten Years Later 
Abstract:
  The break-up of the state monopoly on land was the most important
 agricultural policy of Cuba's 1993-95 economic reform process. A new form
 of agricultural organization replaced the inefficient sugarcane state
 farm: the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production (UBPC). Official data
 released at the end of 2003 were used to evaluate the economic performance
 of the new cooperatives after the first ten years. The first result shows
 an average rate of decline in the number of UBPC of around 60 units per
 year. Parameters measuring production also show average annual negative
 rates of decline: 38,800 harvested hectares, and 860,000 tons of
 sugarcane. Agricultural yields remained stable during the study period.
 Other important indicators such as revenue, cost and profitability also
 show negative trends. Factors that appear to be limiting efficiency and
 profitability include, among others, a timid system of material
 incentives, lack of autonomy, excessive governmental control over input
 and product markets, and absence of foreign investment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 125-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500052837 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500052837
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:1:p:125-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laszlo Csaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Laszlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Csaba 
Title: Regulation and Public Sector Development: A Post-Transition Perspective 
Abstract:
  The article is devoted to the changing role of the major public policy
 function of regulation and the changing role of the public sector in
 various phases of systemic change in central and eastern Europe. It
 surveys the consequences of bloodletting for the civil service and state
 capactiy in a world increasingly dominated by delocalisation and
 dematerialisation. Meanwhile a large part of the economy is unlikely to be
 transformed into purely asset value maximising units, thus the importance
 of regulating the intermediate forms of activity between public and
 private firms is going to gain in importance. Limitations of the current
 EU model, based on traditions rather than attending tasks of the future
 are highlighted in both the administrative and the enonomic spheres. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 137-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104810 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104810
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:137-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki 
Author-Name: Keiko Suganuma 
Author-X-Name-First: Keiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suganuma 
Title: Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Russia 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to develop a model of the regional
 distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Russia based on panel
 data for 1996-2003 taking into consideration implications shown in
 preceding studies on the geography of FDI in Russia. Through descriptive
 statistical and econometric analysis, the following conclusions were
 reached. First, there is a notable deviation of FDI in Russia among
 regions; however, a clear geographical pattern, similar to that in Central
 and Eastern European countries and China, can not be observed. Second,
 resource endowments, market factors and social development factors, to
 which the preceding studies attach importance as determinants for the
 regional selection of FDI, also proved to have high significance and
 explanatory power in the empirical analysis. In addition, it has been
 suggested that climate and favourable regionally discriminatory FDI
 measures are possible investment factors. Third, evidence suggesting that
 the Russian financial crisis in 1998 had a statistically significant
 influence on the decision-making process of foreign investors was not
 found in this analysis. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 153-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104828 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104828
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:153-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Schonfelder 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfelder 
Title: Bulgaria's Long March Towards Meaningful Credit Contracts 
Abstract:
  This article is based on the hypothesis that the development of
 creditors' remedies and their actual practicability is a good yardstick
 for progress towards the rule of law. According to this measure Bulgaria
 achieved little progress throughout much of the 1990s, but this improved
 significantly after 1997. Legal reforms were only one among several
 factors driving this progress; among the others were macroeconomic
 stabilisation, privatisation, the disintegration of trade unions and the
 ultimate failure of attempts to keep most of the socialist giants alive.
 Only the recognition of this failure facilitated some crucial reforms;
 nevertheless these reforms have been too halfhearted to put creditors'
 rights on a secure footing. In actual fact debtors have remained a very
 well protected group. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 173-204 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104851 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104851
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:173-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Pye 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pye 
Title: The Evolution of Financial Services in Transition Economies: An Overview of the Insurance Sector 
Abstract:
  This article examines the evolution of the third pillar of the financial
 services sector&#x2014; insurance&#x2014;within the countries of Central
 and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) during
 1990-2001. In doing so, special attention is also given to those eight
 countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
 Slovakia and Slovenia) within the CEE and FSU groupings that on 1 May 2004
 became member states of the European Union (EU). The purpose of this
 article is to redress a number of concerns, including the shortage of
 available research on the subject, problems with data accuracy evident in
 previous studies, and issues related to 'insurance culture' that have a
 direct effect upon the evolution of the insurance sector within the
 region. Accordingly, various sources of data are utilised to examine the
 development of the insurance market in CEE and the FSU with respect to
 both life and non-life coverage. Hierarchical cluster analysis is employed
 to assess the development of individual country markets with regard to
 both insurance density and penetration rates. The findings from the study
 show that despite some concerted efforts, only a few countries have been
 able to transform their insurance markets successfully in accord with
 international standards. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 205-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104919 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104919
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:205-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarko Fidrmuc 
Author-X-Name-First: Jarko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fidrmuc 
Title: Trade Structure during Accession to the EU 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the degree of trade restructuring between the EU
 and the new member states during the accession process. Intra-industry
 trade is selected as a composite indicator of trade structure. Factor
 endowments, market size and distance are the most important determinants
 of intra-industry trade. The estimations for the OECD countries are used
 to compute predictions for EU15 trade with the CEE countries. In general,
 this approach predicts well the EU15 trade structure with CEE, which
 proves significant restructuring in the new member states. High shares of
 intra-industry trade imply lower welfare losses and less resistance to
 further deepening of integration in the participating countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 225-234 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104943 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104943
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:225-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jens Holscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Jens 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holscher 
Author-Name: Mariusz Jarmuzek 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariusz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jarmuzek 
Title: Overvalued or Undervalued Euroland Entry? 
Abstract:
  This study addresses the question of the conversion rate upon joining the
 European Union with respect to the accession countries of Eastern Europe.
 The article argues in favour of an undervalued exchange rate in order to
 promote income generation in the new member countries. For this purpose a
 strategy of managed float is proposed. Countries not having the
 preconditions to pursue such a strategy should adopt a currency board
 arrangement. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 235-250 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104968 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104968
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:235-250




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boris Majcen 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majcen 
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbic 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbic 
Author-Name: Sasa Knezevic 
Author-X-Name-First: Sasa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knezevic 
Title: The Effects of Foreign Trade Liberalisation and Financial Flows between Slovenia and the EU after Accession 
Abstract:
  The new version of the CGE model of the Slovenian economy based on the
 1998 SAM was used for simulations of the consequences of further foreign
 trade liberalisation after 1998 as the outcome of implementation of Free
 Trade Agreements and the European Agreement, adaptation of the Customs
 Tariff to the EU Common External Tariff for manufacturing products,
 adoption of the EU Common External Tariff after the accession of Slovenia
 to the EU, and estimated transfers between the two budgets. Results
 obtained show a positive net outcome of Slovenian accession to the EU in
 the long run. On the other hand, rational behaviour by the government will
 certainly moderate possible short-run negative effects and improve
 favourable long-run effects. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 251-267 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500104984 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500104984
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:2:p:251-267




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heiko Pleines 
Author-X-Name-First: Heiko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pleines 
Title: Russian Business Interests and the Enlarged European Union 
Abstract:
  The European Union is Russia's most important partner in foreign economic
 activities. With its eastward enlargement in 2004 the European Union
 has&#x2014;not only in geographical terms&#x2014;moved even closer to
 Russia. It should be expected that strong economic ties cause Russian
 business interests to influence related matters of foreign policy. This
 study therefore starts by identifying Russian business interests vis-a-vis
 the EU. Apart from those businesses already heavily involved in
 transactions with the EU, businesses with ambitious plans for future
 engagement and businesses which face heavy competition from EU companies
 are also included. In a second step these business interests are then
 analysed in detail. The specific interests of Russian companies are
 depicted to establish the points of conflict with EU positions. The
 article then describes how Russian companies lobby their government in
 order to gain support and how the Russian government reacts. The result is
 a more detailed assessment of the role of Russian business in Russia's
 policy towards the EU. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 269-287 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204172 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204172
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:269-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rudiger Ahrend 
Author-X-Name-First: Rudiger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahrend 
Title: Speed of Reform, Initial Conditions or Political Orientation? Explaining Russian Regions' Economic Performance 
Abstract:
  Using a panel of 77 Russian regions we investigate the reasons behind
 large differences in regional growth performance for the period from the
 start of transition to the 1998 crisis. We consider politico-institutional
 characteristics, indicators of regional economic reform and initial
 conditions (including economic, geographical and structural features).
 Surprisingly, differences in institutional characteristics or economic
 reform explain relatively little of the observed difference in regional
 growth performance. For example, we find no evidence that a region's
 economic performance has been influenced by the political orientation of
 its leaders, or the political preferences of the population. In contrast,
 a region's initial industrial structure, as well as its natural and human
 resource endowments, had a large impact on its economic growth performance
 during the 1990s. It is important to note that our findings should not be
 interpreted as saying that reform in transition countries is generally
 less important than initial conditions, nor that reform in Russia was not
 or is not needed. Our focus on Russian regions captures only the aspects
 of reform that have (or have not) been initiated in the regions, and thus
 does not take into account the large&#x2014;and arguably more important
 &#x2014; part of the changes that have been undertaken at the national
 level. However, our study shows that regional differences in reform played
 a minor role in determining the relative economic performance of Russian
 regions in the 1990s, especially when compared with the impact of the
 initial conditions in which regions found themselves at the beginning of
 the transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 289-317 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204198 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204198
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:289-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Brock 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock 
Title: Regional Growth in Russia During the 1990s&#x2014;What Role Did FDI Play? 
Abstract:
  Regional economic growth in Russia's regions in 1995-2000 is analysed
 with particular attention paid to FDI and how it influenced growth during
 this period. FDI appears to have been essential before the 1998 crisis in
 helping the economy grow despite the initial chaos of the transition.
 Larger regional economies that have garnered most FDI and perhaps gone
 further with institutional reforms that can assist in capturing the full
 benefits of FDI are likely to lead economic growth in the future. All
 regions need to take advantage now of the favourable economic environment
 to assess and learn from prior FDI experience to foster future growth
 should the price of oil and the remaining advantage of a depreciated
 currency change. No evidence was found that region-wide corruption
 hindered economic growth in the 1990s. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 319-329 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204222 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204222
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:319-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darek Klonowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Darek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klonowski 
Title: The Evolution of the Venture Capital Industry in Transition Economies: The Case of Poland 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the evolution of the venture capital industry in
 emerging markets by examining the Polish experience between 1990 and 2003.
 Evidence is provided to demonstrate that the venture capital industry
 developed in three distinct phases (development, expansion and correction)
 and broadly followed a normal Western-type venture capital cycle. These
 stages differ from each other in terms of the amount of capital raised,
 the nature of investments (deal size, sectors of interest and stages of
 investment) and divestments. The study also concludes that there is no one
 typical venture capital firm operating in Poland, but rather different
 types; the study points to three different groups. Other conclusions are
 that there are strong advantages for early entrants into the industry,
 that venture capital funds with a strong local presence seem to achieve
 higher returns, and that venture capital firms become more specialised
 once the industry matures. The research is based on a survey of 78 venture
 capitalists (the response rate was 64%). 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 331-348 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204313 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204313
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:331-348




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Title: The Impact of Credit Market Imperfections on Farm Investment in Poland 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to confirm the presence of imperfections
 on the rural credit market in Poland in the second half of the transition
 period, and to identify farms that were the most affected by these
 imperfections. For this, an investment accelerator model augmented with a
 cash flow variable was used on panel data for individual farms during
 1996-2000. The cash flow coefficient was found to be significant and
 positive, indicating a poorly functioning rural credit market, in the
 sense that for some farms internal funds were the only source of funds
 (for farms facing credit rationing) or a less expensive source (for farms
 facing high borrowing costs) than debt. Farms facing more severe credit
 constraints were then identified by splitting the sample into two groups
 according to a single criterion but also by creating classes with a
 multiple component analysis. Farms less collateralisable were found to
 have experienced the most severe constraints. This finding is in line with
 other existing studies on Polish farms and is in contradiction with Polish
 government intervention that favoured subsidised loans rather than
 guaranteed credit during the period studied. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 349-362 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204370 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204370
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:349-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tine Stanovnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Tine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanovnik 
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbic 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbic 
Title: Wage and Income Inequality in Slovenia, 1993-2002 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the dynamics of wage and income inequality in
 Slovenia from 1993 to 2002, using two different data sources. The first is
 obtained by extracting relevant information on wage earners from the
 personal income tax (PIT) database and the second is obtained using
 published data on wages and the wage distribution. Analyses of both
 datasets clearly show a large increase in wage inequality in 1993-95.
 However, even after 1995 wage inequality has been creeping up. To a large
 degree, we ascribe the major increase in wage inequality to the rapid
 development of a full-fledged market economy and also to the changing PIT
 legislation. A growing individualisation of wage contracts doubtless also
 contributed to increased inequality. In addition, our analysis touches
 upon the effects of the tax system and shows that it significantly
 moderated the large increases in income inequality. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 381-397 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500204412 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500204412
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:381-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ainura Uzagalieva 
Author-X-Name-First: Ainura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzagalieva 
Title: Fiscal Consequences of Monetary Integration within a Common Economic Area: The Case of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the possible impact of planned monetary integration
 on public sector revenue from seigniorage in Belarus, Kazakhstan and
 Russia. Using the concept of total gross seigniorage, we investigate the
 main sources and uses of the central bank revenue in these countries.
 Special attention is given to the role of seigniorage revenue in financing
 public sector expenditure. Amounts of yearly transfers from central banks
 to the state budget in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia are evaluated, and
 the size of potential gains and losses in seigniorage revenue under
 different scenarios of monetary integration are estimated. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-424 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500350512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500350512
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:399-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Nielsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen 
Author-Name: Chris Nyland 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyland 
Author-Name: Russell Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Author-Name: Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Cherrie Jiuhua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Perceptions of Subjective Economic Well-Being and Support for Market Reform among China's Urban Population 
Abstract:
  This article examines whether subjective economic assessments have any
 impact on support for further market reforms among China's urban
 population, utilising a large survey of 10,716 people across 32 cities.
 The effect of subjective economic well-being on support for market reforms
 is an important issue for the Chinese government as it seeks to sell the
 benefits of increased globalisation and marketisation to its citizens. Our
 main finding is that people's assessment of the overall economic situation
 helps to explain support for market reform, although the relationship is
 weak, while people's assessment of their own economic circumstances does
 not influence support for reform. The findings are compared with those of
 similar studies for Central and Eastern Europe. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 425-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500350579 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500350579
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:425-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernd Gorzig 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorzig 
Author-Name: Martin Gornig 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gornig 
Author-Name: Axel Werwatz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Werwatz 
Title: Explaining Eastern Germany's Wage Gap: The Impact of Structural Change 
Abstract:
  Since Eastern Germany's conversion to a market economy wages have
 remained considerably below the West German wage level. This article looks
 at the role of establishment-specific factors&#x2014;such as sectoral
 affiliation and size of the labour force&#x2014;in this process. A
 non-parametric decomposition that has played a prominent role in the
 gender wage gap literature is applied to breakdown the East-West wage gap
 into its constituent components. Using establishment data from German
 employment statistics, the article demonstrates that the catching-up
 process of Eastern Germany's wage level is hindered by the shift in its
 economic structure towards lower-paying types of companies, which has
 caused the lagging behind in the adjustment of wages. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-464 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500350744 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500350744
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:449-464




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janos Koll&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Janos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koll&#x151; 
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz 
Title: Wage Bargaining, Privatisation, Ability to Pay and Outside Options: Evidence from Hungary 
Abstract:
  This article examines the determinants of short-term wage dynamics, using
 a sample of large Hungarian companies for 1996-99. We test the basic
 implications of an efficient contract model of bargaining between
 incumbent employees and managers, which the data do not reject. In
 particular, there are structural differences between the ownership sectors
 consistent with our prior knowledge on relative bargaining strength and
 unionisation measures. Stronger bargaining position of workers leads to
 higher ability to pay elasticity of wages, and lower outside option
 elasticity. Our results indicate that while bargaining position of workers
 in domestic privatised firms may be weaker than in the state sector, the
 more robust difference relates to state sector workers versus privatised
 firms with majority foreign ownership. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 465-483 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500350926 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500350926
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:465-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Dyker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyker 
Title: Technological Change, Network Building and Dynamic Competitiveness in the Engineering Industry in Kazakhstan 
Abstract:
  The dynamic competitiveness of Kazakhstan's engineering-based firms is
 assessed on the basis of their prospects for technological evolution in
 terms of a simple, three-level taxonomy of goods &#x2014; simple
 inputs/components, complex inputs/components and 'specialist supplier
 goods'. On the assumption that real wages in Kazakhstan will grow steadily
 and significantly over the foreseeable future, Kazakhstan firms will be
 forced to move up the 'technological ladder' to maintain competitiveness.
 The article concludes that a number of the targeted firms show clear
 potential for dynamic competitiveness. None, however, is fulfilling all
 the conditions for dynamic competitiveness at the present time. One of the
 main underlying factors tending to weaken the competitiveness of
 Kazakhstan companies is a historically conditioned tendency to isolation,
 which has effectively excluded networking as it operates in the advanced
 industrial economies. While the importance of human capital and human
 capital formation is generally recognised in the targeted companies,
 public policy in this area is perceived as being highly ineffective, in a
 situation where the companies themselves do not have sufficient resources
 to fund all the training they need. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 485-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500351080 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500351080
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:485-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matej Lahovnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Matej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahovnik 
Title: Strategic Factors Underlying Acquisition Performance in a Post-communist Economy: Experience from Slovenia 
Abstract:
  This article examines the performance of acquisitions in Slovenia in the
 period of transition between communist rule and the advent of the market
 economy. The proposition is that, once the motives of an acquisition are
 identified, the success or failure of a particular acquisition can be
 measured by examining the extent to which those motives have been
 achieved. The actual realisation of some motives for acquisitions, such as
 to transfer skills and share activities, is strongly tied to the ROE and
 value added per employee in the acquired company in the post-acquisition
 period. On the other hand, realisation of financial synergies has not
 resulted in higher ROE or value added per employee. Based on our research
 into 45 acquisitions in Slovenia, we pinpointed some key success factors
 that determined the performance of the acquired firm. From the point of
 view of a local firm that was sold, the key question was how the acquirer
 would ensure the company's long-term development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 503-521 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500351163 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500351163
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:17:y:2005:i:4:p:503-521




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Neicheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neicheva 
Title: Non-Keynesian Effects of Government Expenditure on Output in Bulgaria: An HP Filter Approach 
Abstract:
  A large body of recent studies has explored the presence of non-Keynesian
 fiscal policy effects in advanced European economies, while relevant
 empirical sources on post-communist economies are scarce. In the context
 of the constraints imposed by the SGP, it is crucial for EU New Member
 States and acceding countries to estimate the macroeconomic impact of
 discretionary fiscal intervention. This article focuses on the effects of
 government expenditure on short-term output in the Bulgarian economy a few
 years prior to EU accession. It finds that government investment affects
 real growth in a Keynesian fashion while transfers and public consumption
 exhibit non-Keynesian behaviour. The cyclically adjusted components of the
 general government budget, computed by HP filter, form the basis of the
 analysis. The results support the conclusions of relevant studies about
 advanced European economies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505081 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505081
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:1-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Markku Lonkila 
Author-X-Name-First: Markku 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lonkila 
Title: Social Networks among Russian Information and Communication Technology Professionals 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the extent to which the economic actions of Russian
 information and communication technology (ICT) professionals are embedded
 in and influenced by their personal networks. The study is based on
 empirical data collected in 2004 in St Petersburg, one of the strongholds
 of Russian ICT. By focusing on the personal networks among the St
 Petersburg professionals the article seeks to illuminate the role and
 function of social ties in economic decisions. What are their significant
 social relations like? What kinds of resources get distributed through
 these ties? Answering these questions helps both to refine the notion of
 the 'social embeddedness' of economic action and to shed light on the
 nature of the new Russian economy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 13-31 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500351205 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500351205
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:13-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HE Canfei 
Author-X-Name-First: HE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Canfei 
Title: Regional Decentralisation and Location of Foreign Direct Investment in China 
Abstract:
  China's economic transition is essentially a two-pronged decentralisation
 process: power and fiscal decentralisation from central to local
 government and shift of decision making from governments to firms and
 households. Using FDI flow data at the provincial level from 1995 to 2002,
 this study finds that provinces with more authority in economic matters
 and hardening fiscal budget constraints have a larger FDI inflow. Market
 decentralisation may significantly improve the investment environment and
 attract foreign investment while government interference in economic
 activities could discourage foreign investment. In addition, more legal
 spending in a province is associated with a smaller FDI inflow while
 subsidies to loss-making SOEs could bring more foreign investment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 33-50 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505131 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505131
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:33-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rado Pezdir 
Author-X-Name-First: Rado 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pezdir 
Title: Thirteen Years of Gradualism &#x2014; Inhibiting Transition in Slovenia? 
Abstract:
  Slovenia is the most developed transition country and it is believed that
 this is due to the gradualist economic policy which has dominated the
 transition period. But what does the gradual economic policy mean for
 further development? Was the choice of gradual economic policy a good
 decision for the short term only, and not for the long term as well? This
 article provides some deeper insight into industry-science relations and
 competition policy in the context of gradualism, and shows that the
 results of such policy are ambiguous, sheltering some market participants
 at the expense of others. The consequence might be Slovenia lagging behind
 other transition countries in the future. In other words, the gradualist
 concept that was seen as a rational choice for policy makers at the
 beginning of transition has come to its end. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 51-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505180 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505180
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:51-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: Sophia Davidova 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidova 
Author-Name: Martin Banse 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Banse 
Author-Name: Alistair Bailey 
Author-X-Name-First: Alistair 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey 
Title: The International Competitiveness of Hungarian Agriculture: Past Performance and Future Projections 
Abstract:
  The past and future international competitiveness of Hungarian
 agriculture is assessed by calculating domestic resource cost (DRC) ratios
 using data for 2000-02 as a base. Future international competitiveness is
 estimated for 2007 and 2013 under three scenarios: baseline (no
 accession), accession with historical rates of productivity growth and
 accession with dynamic improvements in productivity. Predicted price
 changes were generated by a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model,
 which was applied to quantify the implications of the 2004 EU accession.
 The analysis indicates that accession will have a negative impact on the
 international competitiveness of Hungarian agriculture by increasing land
 and labour prices. To maintain competitiveness in the arable sector,
 Hungary will need to achieve dynamic improvements in productivity to
 offset the effect of higher factor costs. The dairy sector, under all
 scenarios, is likely to remain internationally uncompetitive. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 69-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505289 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505289
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:69-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Axel Wolz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz 
Author-Name: Jana Fritzsch 
Author-X-Name-First: Jana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritzsch 
Author-Name: Klaus Reinsberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reinsberg 
Title: The Impact of Social Capital on Polish Farm Incomes: Findings of an Empirical Survey 
Abstract:
  Private farming is the dominant mode of agricultural production in most
 European countries. Not all farmers are equally successful, economically,
 which is usually explained by different levels of production factors, i.e.
 land, labour and capital. This article analyses whether social capital is
 an additional factor contributing to higher agricultural incomes. Using
 primary evidence from a farm survey in Poland among 410 farmers it can be
 deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the
 level of agricultural income. However, its impact is not as clear-cut as
 anticipated. The elaboration and testing of appropriate indicators has
 just started. More in-depth analysis will be needed in the future. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 85-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505347 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505347
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:85-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Borbala Balint 
Author-X-Name-First: Borbala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Balint 
Author-Name: Peter Wobst 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wobst 
Title: Institutional Factors and Market Participation by Individual Farmers: The Case of Romania 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the impact of institutional factors on market
 participation by individual farmers in Romania. For this purpose the
 influence of institutional factors on sales are structured with the help
 of Williamson's social analysis framework. A logit regression is employed
 to verify the relation between institutional and other factors and sales.
 The study finds that high transaction costs in input and output markets,
 reinforced by low production levels and by the farmers' rejection of
 cooperation, hinder market participation. Until these factors are
 addressed, Romanian agriculture will continue to serve as a social buffer
 rather than a commercial sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 101-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370500505396 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370500505396
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:1:p:101-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Voigt 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Voigt 
Title: Russia's Way from Planning Toward Market: A Success Story? A Review of Economic Trajectories, Transition Progress and Putin's Merits 
Abstract:
  In order to answer the question raised in the article's title, a
 comprehensive study of Russia's transition process was conducted. With
 respect to the current growth rates in Russia, one may ask whether they
 indicate (1) success of transition or (2) favourable external
 circumstances such as rising prices for oil, gas etc. Analytically,
 progress in transition has been approximated by productivity and
 efficiency estimates, which are generally expected to rise during
 transition. In general, little evidence of such rising trends was found.
 Instead, notable ups, downs and divergences among regions were uncovered.
 According to this analysis, Russia's current growth rates can be
 attributed neither to general success of transition nor to Putin's
 reforms. Hence, the question mark of the article's title remains. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 123-138 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619683 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619683
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:123-138




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ondrej Schneider 
Author-X-Name-First: Ondrej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider 
Author-Name: Jan Zapal 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zapal 
Title: Fiscal Policy in New EU Member States: Go East, Prudent Man! 
Abstract:
  The European Union accepted 10 new member states (NMS) in 2004, eight of
 which were former socialist countries. New members have had to adjust
 their economic policies to EU standards. Perhaps most difficult has been
 fiscal policy, where NMS must comply with the Stability and Growth Pact
 rules. Indeed, four of the eight post-communist NMS breached the SGP
 limits and were put in the Excessive Deficit Procedure. While the SGP is
 being modified, fiscal policy is set to remain on the agenda for all NMS.
 This article analyses fiscal policy in the eight NMS, focusing primarily
 on the period immediately preceding their EU accession. The structure and
 scale of these countries' fiscal policy are analysed and the main trends
 in the revenue and expenditure of their public budgets identified. Then
 the dynamics of fiscal policies in the NMS are explored and the main
 factors in them isolated. The authors show how much of the consolidation
 was due to the fiscal authorities' effort and how much was caused by
 external factors. They also show that most NMS governments have run rather
 inconsistent fiscal policies and have not consolidated their budgets
 appropriately, postponing politically difficult consolidation measures.
 However, they also identify a group of countries characterised by strong
 reform efforts and responsible fiscal policy making, supported usually by
 strong economic growth. In this context, room is given to economic as well
 as political economy factors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 139-166 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619717 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619717
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:139-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yelena Kalyuzhnova 
Author-X-Name-First: Yelena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalyuzhnova 
Author-Name: Michael Kaser 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaser 
Title: Prudential Management of Hydrocarbon Revenues in Resource-rich Transition Economies 
Abstract:
  The post-Soviet political economy of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and
 Turkmenistan is characterised by authoritarian government, substantial
 public revenue from hydrocarbons and GDP per capita ranked 'low' to 'lower
 middle'. The first of these weakens prudential constraints on the
 allocation of the second, which by more industrial diversification and
 policies to foster wider technology spillover from foreign direct
 investment could enhance the third. All three governments have established
 funds which reserve part of resource income on the permanent income
 hypothesis, but state investment during the transition period is yielding
 lower returns than would capital formation by a private sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 167-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619857 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619857
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:167-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Dyker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyker 
Title: Contrasting Patterns in the Internationalisation of Supply Networks in the Motor Industries of Emerging Economies 
Abstract:
  Detailed industry and firm level research reveals a striking difference
 between the patterns of motor vehicle parts supply networks in two major
 transition regions &#x2014; Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) and China. In CEE
 second and third-tier suppliers are well developed, and are generally
 capable of working within international supply networks. But there are
 virtually no domestically owned first-tier suppliers in CEE. In China, by
 contrast, there are a number of domestically owned first-tier suppliers
 supplying export markets. But second and third-tier suppliers present
 serious bottlenecks in that economy. The difference is explained in terms
 of differences in patterns of industrialisation in the two regions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 189-204 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619865 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619865
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:189-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Egon Zizmond 
Author-X-Name-First: Egon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zizmond 
Author-Name: Matjaz Novak 
Author-X-Name-First: Matjaz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Novak 
Title: Sectoral Reallocation of Labour as a Limit on Total Factor Productivity Growth in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the impact of sectoral reallocation of labour on
 the growth of total factor productivity in the Slovenian economy. Using
 the estimation of the standardised and structural components of labour
 productivity growth, and the stochastic frontier growth accounting
 framework, we can establish three main conclusions. First, failure to
 reallocate labour from less toward more productive industries is
 significantly impeding the growth of total factor productivity in Slovenia
 and hence reducing its foreign competitiveness. Second, classical economic
 policy measures aimed at accelerating growth of total factor productivity,
 such as increased competition among firms on the basis of trade
 liberalisation and the inflow of foreign direct investment, are not
 appropriate. Third, controversially, there is no short-run policy measure
 that can be undertaken with the aim of reallocating labour among
 industries, since it depends upon the nature of the individual's acquired
 level of education. What remains is education policy that will stimulate
 permanent education and provide workers with the skills that enable them
 to respond rapidly to the changes in the national production structure
 throughout the period of the individual's active employment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 205-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619915 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619915
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:205-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Franks 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Franks 
Author-Name: Irina Davydova 
Author-X-Name-First: Irina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davydova 
Title: Marketing Strategies in Changed Circumstances: Observation from Farmers in Novosibirsk Oblast', Russia 
Abstract:
  Recent changes in the food distribution and marketing systems in Russia
 are described. Findings from a survey of the marketing strategies used by
 directors of joint-stock companies (JSC) and private farmers in
 Novosibirsk oblast' to cope with these changes are presented and compared.
 These farmers have adopted different strategies. JSC directors withdrew
 from value-adding enterprises (VAE) complaining of poorly regulated
 markets &#x2014; which remove incentives to create product distinctiveness
 &#x2014; problems with bad debts, unstable markets and low profitability.
 As a result many JSCs have reverted to their core production activities,
 strategies that suggest they are prioritising longevity rather than profit
 maximisation. However, the larger private farmers, later entrants into
 farming and food production, had no apparent complaints in any of these
 areas. Unlike the JSC directors, they did not welcome more government
 intervention but wanted a stable macroeconomic climate within which to
 conduct business. To re-couple JSC directors with VAE and markets, the
 Russian authorities need to tighten regulation over competition, branding
 and food quality, and provide better access to market information. These
 changes will let the federal food corporations reduce their role as
 farmers, able to extract full benefit from investments made to create
 distinction, will develop their products and vertically integrate along
 the food chain. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 227-241 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600619964 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600619964
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:227-241




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monica Tudor 
Author-X-Name-First: Monica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tudor 
Author-Name: Borbala Balint 
Author-X-Name-First: Borbala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Balint 
Title: Off-farm Employment and Agricultural Sales: Evidence from Romania 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the impact of off-farm employment on the process of
 commercialisation of agriculture in Romania. The descriptive and
 correlation analysis reveals the existence of an important relationship
 between off-farm employment and agricultural sales. High off-farm
 employment is correlated with low number of households selling
 agricultural products and with high amount sold per household, suggesting
 specialisation and commercial farming in the regions with off-farm
 employment. Non-agricultural employment has an indirect impact on
 agricultural sales as well, through increased labour productivity in
 agriculture and through easing access to credit. Moreover, commercial
 farms undertake substantial investments in agriculture, thus furthering
 commercialisation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 243-260 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600620012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600620012
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:2:p:243-260




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hubert Gabrisch 
Author-X-Name-First: Hubert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gabrisch 
Author-Name: Herbert Buscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Herbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buscher 
Title: The Relationship between Unemployment and Output in Post-communist Countries 
Abstract:
  Unemployment is still disappointingly high in most Central and East
 European countries, which may be a reflection of the ongoing adjustment to
 institutional shocks resulting from systemic transition, or may be caused
 by high labour market rigidity or aggregate demand that is too weak. This
 article investigates the dynamics of unemployment and output in those
 eight post-communist countries which entered the EU in 2004. We use a
 model related to Okun's Law; i.e. the first differences in unemployment
 rates are regressed on GDP growth rates. We estimate country and panel
 regressions with instrument variables (TSLS) and apply some tests to the
 data and regression results. We assume transition of labour markets to be
 accomplished when a robust relationship exists between unemployment rate
 changes and GDP growth. Moreover, the estimated coefficients contain
 information about labour market rigidity and unemployment thresholds of
 output growth. Our results suggest that the transition of labour markets
 can be regarded as completed since unemployment responds to output changes
 and not to a changing institutional environment that destroys jobs in the
 state sector. The regression coefficients demonstrate that a high trend
 rate of productivity and a high unemployment intensity of output growth
 have been observable since 1998. Therefore, we conclude that labour market
 rigidities do not play an important role in explaining high unemployment
 rates. However, GDP growth is dominated by productivity progress and the
 employment-relevant component of aggregate demand is too low to reduce the
 high level of unemployment substantially. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 261-276 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881804 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881804
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:261-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rudiger Ahrend 
Author-X-Name-First: Rudiger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahrend 
Title: Russian Industrial Restructuring: Trends in Productivity, Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage 
Abstract:
  This article investigates issues related to industrial restructuring in
 Russia. Based on extensive sectoral data it examines, more particularly,
 levels and changes in labour productivity, unit labour costs and revealed
 comparative advantages for a large number of Russian industrial sectors.
 The main findings are the following. First, impressive increases in labour
 productivity have been achieved since 1997, especially during the
 post-crisis period. Second, this has been true for all major sectors, with
 the exception of those which are still predominantly state-controlled or
 which suffer from strong state interference. Third, there have been
 significant relative adjustments within the industrial sector, as labour
 productivity increased more in less productive sectors. Since the crisis,
 relative unit labour costs have also adjusted considerably, as less
 competitive sectors experienced larger labour force reductions. Fourth,
 international competitiveness &#x2014; as measured by revealed comparative
 advantage &#x2014; remains limited to a small number of sectors that
 mainly produce primary commodities (particularly hydrocarbons) and
 energy-intensive basic goods. And finally, there has been a tendency for
 further specialisation in resource-based exports in recent years. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-295 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881770 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881770
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:277-295




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Innovative Actions and Innovation (In)capabilities of Russian Industrial Companies &#x2014; An Extension of a Quasi-longitudinal Study 
Abstract:
  This article reports the results of an extension of a quasi-longitudinal
 survey among top corporate executives in Russian industry, presenting a
 snapshot of current innovation actions and innovation capabilities of
 Russian enterprises. Through comparison between the situations in 2002 and
 2004, changes in the business and management of Russian companies in
 recent years are examined. The intensity of innovation significantly
 increased in 2003-04, but the resources for innovation at Russian CEOs'
 disposal became even more limited than before as the traditional lack of
 finance coincided with a growing shortage of qualified labour. Moreover,
 the intensity of past innovations has little impact on further successes
 as there is minimal accumulation of routines of innovative action within
 companies. Further accumulation of innovative capabilities by Russian
 industrial enterprises will be a rather slow and painful process. The
 successes in innovative development of some export-oriented 'national
 champions' will be limited by the inability of their local partners to
 adapt to new requirements. Locally-oriented companies with sufficient
 financing will be inclined towards adoption of the existing technological
 solutions implemented by turn-key operators. In both cases breakthrough
 innovations in production and management technologies will be rare and
 will not determine the overall picture. In this respect, the
 sustainability of development of the Russian industrial sector is not
 secured. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 297-313 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881812 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881812
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:297-313




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Constantin Ogloblin 
Author-X-Name-First: Constantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogloblin 
Author-Name: Gregory Brock 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock 
Title: Wage Determination in Rural Russia: A Stochastic Frontier Model 
Abstract:
  This article examines wages in rural Russia after the first decade of
 economic transition using data from a nationally representative household
 survey. The stochastic frontier analysis reveals that Russia's rural
 labour markets place high value on human capital. The overall level of
 rural wages, however, is very low, with the median wage 10% below the
 official subsistence level. The gender pay gap severely depresses women's
 wages. A woman with the same skills as a man is paid only 47% of the man's
 wage. Rural workers who receive income from their personal plots accept
 significantly lower wages. Private firms pay considerably higher wages
 than state or collectively owned firms, but account only for one fifth of
 rural workers. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 315-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881945 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881945
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:315-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darek Klonowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Darek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klonowski 
Title: Local Laws and Venture Capital Contracting in Transition Economies: Evidence from Poland 
Abstract:
  This study focuses on the legal structuring of venture capital deals in
 Poland. Three conclusions are derived. First, owing to significant
 imperfections in the Polish legal infrastructure, local venture
 capitalists need to consider how to structure their transactions. This
 represents a unique feature of venture capital investing in emerging
 markets. The study confirms the existence of three types of legal
 structures in venture capital investing (i.e. local deals, offshore deals
 and complex deals), with offshore deals being the predominant category.
 Second, local venture capitalists display different preferences for
 various deal structures based on venture capital firms' characteristics.
 Third, the placement of venture capitalists' rights varies across
 different legal documents, with the most pronounced difference being
 observed in local deals. The study is based on a survey of 64 venture
 capitalists. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 327-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881929 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881929
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:327-343




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Title: The Changing Character of Strikes in Vietnam 
Abstract:
  Vietnam introduced mechanisms for the resolution of collective disputes
 under the 1994 Labour Code, which provided for the use of the strike
 weapon as a last resort. Since then, Vietnam has seen around 100 reported
 strikes a year, not one of which has been called in accordance with the
 legal procedure, with a sharp increase in strike activity at the beginning
 of 2006. The character of strikes is also changing and the government is
 anxious to address the problem. Vietnamese discussion has focused on
 legislative reforms, but this is to ignore the fundamental substantive
 issue underlying the prevalence of wildcat strikes, which is the failure
 to develop a system of industrial relations within which the Vietnamese
 trade unions can effectively represent their members. This issue is coming
 to a head as a tight labour market encourages workers to press their
 interests beyond the rights embodied in the law. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 345-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370600881796 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370600881796
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:3:p:345-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louise Grogan 
Author-X-Name-First: Louise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grogan 
Title: An Economic Examination of the Post-Transition Fertility Decline in Russia 
Abstract:
  This article uses longitudinal household data to examine the decline in
 the Total Fertility Rate in Russia from 2.0 in 1989 to 1.3 in 2001. Using
 individual and community-level panel data spanning the 1994-2001 era, the
 decline in household income can account for about a 28% decline in yearly
 birth propensities amongst married couples. The relationship between
 educational attainment and fertility appears to have changed markedly in
 the post-Soviet era. More educated individuals now have greater
 propensities to bear children than their vocationally educated
 counterparts within marriage. Female labour force participation is not
 strongly associated with fertility decisions of married women in the
 post-Soviet era, and local provisions for children also do not have
 important effects. These results suggest that improving real family
 incomes will be more important in raising fertility rates than improving
 child benefits levels or increasing community childcare provisions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 363-397 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008415
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:363-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Konstantin Pashev 
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pashev 
Title: Presumptive Taxation: Lessons from Bulgaria 
Abstract:
  This article draws on the experience of Bulgaria with two forms of
 presumptive taxes&#x2014;the patent (licence) tax and the minimum social
 insurance income thresholds. It argues that there is an inevitable
 trade-off between efficiency and equity, which may drive presumptive
 taxation away from its initial objectives of simplicity and lower
 compliance and enforcement costs. Therefore presumptive taxes should not
 be overloaded with equity objectives, or used as tax incentives, but
 rather assigned to enhance collection efficiency and reduce the cost of
 voluntary tax compliance of the small business. The study concludes that
 their optimal use might be as licence taxes on micro-businesses and the
 self-employed levied by local governments rather than as central taxes on
 small business income. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-418 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008456 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008456
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:399-418




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristjan-Olari Leping 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristjan-Olari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leping 
Title: Evolution of the Public-Private Sector Wage Differential during Transition in Estonia 
Abstract:
  This article estimates the public-private sector wage differential in
 Estonia over the transition period. Quantile regression is used with a
 dataset from Estonian Labour Force Surveys from 1989 to 2004 for this
 purpose. The results of the analysis indicate that the public-private
 sector wage differential was negative during early transition but has
 decreased subsequently. It also shows that employees with low potential
 wages tend to gain more or lose less from working in the public sector
 than workers with high potential wages. The public-private sector wage
 differential is negatively related to the number of public employees and
 tends to be counter-cyclical. Political cycles have no effect on the
 public-private sector wage differential in Estonia. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 419-436 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008548 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:419-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phillip Bryson 
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bryson 
Author-Name: Gary Cornia 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornia 
Title: Slovakia's Surge: The New System's Impact on Fiscal Decentralisation 
Abstract:
  Slovakia's transition history long paralleled that of the Czech Republic,
 but the former adopted bold new reforms early in this decade. This article
 is a comparative treatment of fiscal decentralisation since 1993 and more
 recent reforms of public administration, the two efforts representing the
 foundation of the New System. Czech experience is invoked simply to
 provide an appropriate benchmark for the evaluation of Slovakia's New
 System introduced in 2004, including the 19% 'flat tax' and other striking
 measures in local public finance. The second focus of the article is on
 the macroeconomic impact of the New System. It is too early to perceive
 what its long-term effects will be, so this treatment is more tentative.
 But because one would like to know whether Slovakia's return to an
 economic growth path is actually a result of the New System and whether
 this recent growth will persist, these issues are given some
 consideration. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 437-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:437-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Bruna 
Author-X-Name-First: Karel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruna 
Title: Disinflationary Monetary Strategy and Instability of the Forward Yield Curve: The Case of the Czech Republic, 1999-2005 
Abstract:
  In this study I describe the relationship between monetary policy and
 medium and long-term swap rates. I focus especially on explanation of the
 instability of the level and relations of swap and forward rates on the
 Czech swap market in the context of the Czech National Bank's (CNB)
 disinflation policy based on direct inflation targeting. Theoretically the
 main source of this problem is the inconsistency between the central
 bank's current and expected policy and the anticipated course of economic
 fundamentals. A common feature is that during disinflation the level of
 monetary policy restriction is not stable over time and is hard to predict
 for investors. Besides objective factors such as fluctuating economic
 growth or limited scope of information, this is also a result of the
 instability of sensitivity parameters of the central bank's reaction
 function and of the character of the monetary strategy pursued. Empirical
 analysis showed a limited effect of changes in the CNB repo rate on the
 instantaneous adaptation of swap and forward rates. In addition, problems
 connected with the CNB's weakened credibility were immediately identified,
 along with related erroneous expectations of investors. I interpret the
 instability of relations as evidence of differences in investors'
 inflation predictions of a gradual tendency for the economy to reach a
 state of low inflation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 459-478 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008613 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008613
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:459-478




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ales Berk 
Author-X-Name-First: Ales 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berk 
Title: Determinants of Leverage in Slovenian Blue-Chip Firms and Stock Performance Following Substantial Debt Increases 
Abstract:
  Hypotheses concerning capital structures are some of the most frequently
 tested in the financial literature. Authors usually discuss different
 incentives for the use of leverage. Their views can be broadly classified
 in two main groups. The proponents of the first argue that leverage
 increases the cash flow available to investors. With the use of debt a
 firm gains because it uses a cheaper component of capital and since it
 pays less tax thanks to advantageous debt tax shields. On the other hand,
 the proponents of the second group stress the importance of minimising
 transaction costs, and information asymmetry. They point to a pecking
 order of finance sources. In this article, I explain the most frequently
 stated drivers that provide incentives for the more extensive use of debt
 with a focus on an emerging market environment and test whether they are
 relevant to Slovenian blue-chip firms that emerged from the transition of
 the last decade. The second part introduces the owners' point of view. I
 test whether raised debt levels in fact improve the long-term return to
 the stockholders of Slovenian firms. This should be expected because of
 the institution-led capital structure conservatism that firms practised in
 the past. Three methods are employed to test the relationship between
 increased levels of debt and long-term stock return. All of them offer a
 similar conclusion that the expected long-term performance of firms which
 significantly increased their leverage is no better than the long-term
 performance of firms that did not. The results are useful for other
 emerging capital markets in Europe where firms and investors faced similar
 circumstances tied to their socialist past and transition process. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 479-494 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601008621 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601008621
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:18:y:2006:i:4:p:479-494




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dora Gy&#x151;rffy 
Author-X-Name-First: Dora 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gy&#x151;rffy 
Title: Deficit Bias and Moral Hazard on the Road to the EMU: The Political Dimension of Fiscal Policy in Hungary 
Abstract:
  The obligation to introduce the euro is widely assumed to provide
 incentives for fiscal consolidation in the new member states of the
 European Union. Without questioning the general validity of this thesis
 this article calls attention to the potential for an opposite effect and
 the possibility of exacerbating rather than reducing the deficit bias in
 these countries. The argument proceeds in three steps. First, it shows
 that, given a weaker institutional environment in emerging economies, the
 new member states of the EU are particularly prone to deficit bias.
 Second, the incentives from the EMU are analysed and the potential moral
 hazard problem is identified for the current members as well as the
 candidate states. Third, a closer examination of Hungarian fiscal policy
 developments between 2002 and 2005 illustrates how weak institutions and
 strong market confidence can result in excessive deficits. The main
 implication of the article is that without complementing the EMU fiscal
 framework with mandatory procedural rules at the national level the
 deficit bias is unlikely to be eliminated in the new member states, which
 could result in considerable imbalances after these countries join the
 euro zone. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601162907 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601162907
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Avdasheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Avdasheva 
Author-Name: Andrei Shastitko 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shastitko 
Author-Name: Boris Kuznetsov 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsov 
Title: Competition and Industrial Organisation in Transition Markets: What Can We Derive from Empirical Studies? 
Abstract:
  Competition is the basic concept for both industrial organisation theory
 and institutional economics. Transition economies, including Russia, are
 natural laboratories allowing us to trace the emergence of competition,
 the influence of competition on the conduct of market participants, the
 relationship between competition and market structure and the
 institutional foundation of competition. This article provides a summary
 of the results of empirical studies in the above area. We try to explain
 some puzzles concerning the influence of competition on the conduct of
 Russian market participants and interpret the results in the framework of
 institutional and industrial economics. Overall, the results of empirical
 studies can be generalised as follows. Competition in Russian markets has
 been gaining momentum over the last 15 years. The results of empirical
 studies have confirmed the assumption that competition is an incentive for
 active restructuring of privatised enterprises. Many of the data collected
 are evidence in favour of the endogenous market structure approach. From
 the institutional viewpoint, the history of the evolution of Russia's
 transition economy shows interdependence between private property and
 competition: better protection of property rights is a precondition for
 the development of competition. At the same time, the model of corporate
 governance that allows the property rights of private owners to be
 protected in the Russian institutional environment restricts
 organisational diversity and therefore competition in Russian markets. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 17-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601162915 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601162915
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:17-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinrich Hockmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hockmann 
Author-Name: Michael Kopsidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kopsidis 
Title: What Kind of Technological Change for Russian Agriculture? The Transition Crisis of 1991-2005 from the Induced Innovation Theory Perspective 
Abstract:
  This article explains the lasting transition crisis of Russian
 agriculture by applying Hayami & Ruttan's theory of induced innovation.
 The empirical analysis uses Russian farm data. For various types of farms
 factor intensities and partial factor productivities are calculated to
 identify differences in productivity between them. We identify the
 mechanism through which institutional frictions in Russia influence the
 choice of technology and the adaptation of technological change. Finally,
 policy recommendations are derived to make technical change more
 consistent with relative factor supplies and prices, and improve
 productivity, especially of inefficient farm types. In our view nothing
 speaks in favour of expensive Western 'high-tech' machinery imports to
 enhance the efficiency of Russian farms (especially larger ones). Until
 now the poor operation of domestic markets in Russia has obstructed a
 sufficient supply of Russian technology consistent with relative
 scarcities. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 35-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601163137 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601163137
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:35-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raushan Bokusheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Raushan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bokusheva 
Author-Name: Vladislav Valentinov 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valentinov 
Author-Name: Viktoriya Anpilogova 
Author-X-Name-First: Viktoriya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anpilogova 
Title: The Investment Behaviour of Russian Farms 
Abstract:
  This article analyses determinants of the investment behaviour of Russian
 farms during the period of economic stabilisation after the 1998 financial
 crisis. We argue that the performance and investment activity of Russian
 farms are significantly affected not only by the macroeconomic and
 institutional environment but also by the farm's individual
 characteristics. Our empirical analysis confirms that farm investment
 decisions are determined by farm idiosyncrasies. The farm's managerial
 competence and organisational learning are found to have the greatest
 impact. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 53-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601163194 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601163194
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:53-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Rosenfeld 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenfeld 
Author-Name: Peter Franz 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Franz 
Author-Name: Gerhard Heimpold 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heimpold 
Title: Economic 'Clusters' in East Germany: Evidence on the Location and Characteristics of Spatially Concentrated Industries 
Abstract:
  This article presents the results of an empirical study on spatially
 concentrated industries (SCI) with 'cluster' qualities in the eastern part
 of Germany which have emerged so far in the process of transformation. The
 findings reveal that SCI in East Germany which show 'cluster' qualities,
 i.e. SCI being supported by network activities and by innovative
 competences, are relatively rare, and they are strongly concentrated in
 agglomerated spaces. As the regional policy scheme which up to now has
 followed the 'watering can principle' has brought, so far, only poor
 results in terms of East-West convergence, a renewed policy with a special
 focus on agglomerated spaces (with more favourable conditions for economic
 growth) and with a stronger orientation on support for networking and
 innovative competences will probably be more effective in stimulating
 economic growth in East Germany. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 73-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601163210 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601163210
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:73-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodica Sandu-Loisel 
Author-X-Name-First: Rodica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandu-Loisel 
Title: Hardened Budget Constraints in Romania: An Approach by CGE Modeling 
Abstract:
  This study estimates the effects of hardened budget constraints on the
 Romanian economy and tests a market price-based policy by removing state
 subsidies. As most subsidies are granted to and through the energy sector,
 the analysis focuses on energy issues. A general equilibrium approach is
 used for the empirical application. The results fit the theory and show
 that removing subsidies contributes to eliminating distortions: energy
 intensity declines, the Gini coefficient drops and general welfare
 improves. The main effects of applying a cost recovery policy are the
 improvement of agents' self-financing capacity and of their investment
 structure. Surprisingly, production cost falls in all sectors, since
 cross-subsidies are removed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 93-115 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601163269 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601163269
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:93-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Schonfelder 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfelder 
Title: The Puzzling Underuse of Arbitration in Post-Communist South-Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  Dispute resolution by arbitration is available in all post-communist
 Balkan countries but it has not become popular among businessmen. The
 article argues that this is a puzzle and not easy to rationalise.
 Arbitration services have advantages over state court services and some of
 these advantages arguably are particularly significant in post-communism.
 The article reports a survey of lawyers which suggests that even 15 years
 after the beginning of transition plain ignorance has remained a key
 explanatory factor for the failure of businessmen to use arbitration.
 Another finding is that trust in arbitration tribunals tends to be shaky.
 An argument rooted in the incomplete law literature is used to show that
 in some cicumstances arbitration tribunals may be more prone to
 favouritism than state courts. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 117-130 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370601163285 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370601163285
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:1:p:117-130




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuhiro KUMO 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: KUMO 
Title: Inter-regional Population Migration in Russia: Using an Origin-to-Destination Matrix 
Abstract:
  This study examines regional economic conditions and their effects on
 inter-regional population redistribution patterns in Russia. After
 reviewing striking changes in population flows before and after the
 collapse of the former Soviet Union, an application of the gravity model
 to population migration in Russia in 2003 is presented using a newly
 obtained inter-regional in- and out-migration flow matrix supplied by
 Rosstat (formerly Goskomstat). Gross migration patterns since the year
 2000, when large transformational population flows ceased, have not been
 investigated so far in the existing literature. The analysis conducted
 focuses on geographical factors, which have been basically omitted in
 existing literature on migration patterns in post-Soviet Russia, and the
 attractiveness of Moscow and surrounding regions and resource-mining areas
 is clearly presented. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 131-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:131-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Gianella 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gianella 
Author-Name: Corinne Chanteloup 
Author-X-Name-First: Corinne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chanteloup 
Title: Assessing Russia's Non-fuel Trade Elasticities: Does the Russian Economy React 'Normally' to Exchange Rate Movements? 
Abstract:
  This article attempts to assess the impact of exchange rate movements on
 Russian import and non-fuel export performance, using an error correction
 model. The estimation of trade equations shows that long-run price
 elasticities for imports and non-fuel exports are close to 0.6 and 0.7
 respectively, hence relatively similar to those obtained for OECD
 countries. The Marshall-Lerner condition clearly holds. More precisely, we
 find that a 10% real appreciation (depreciation) of the currency leads on
 average to a non-fuel current account deterioration (improvement) of
 around 1% of GDP. Moreover, the short-term dynamics of the error
 correction model indicate that the response of the trade balance to
 exchange rate shocks is rapid, the adjustment being almost complete after
 one quarter. Finally, the evolution of import prices and non-fuel export
 prices of Russia, relative to its competitors on domestic and third
 markets, suggests that by 2004 the Russian economy had already lost the
 price competitiveness advantage it had gained after the 1998 crisis. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 153-166 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312063 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312063
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:153-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudio Morrison 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrison 
Title: Ownership and Management in Holding Companies and the Future of the Russian Textile Industry 
Abstract:
  Outside ownership has been long praised by mainstream transition
 economics for providing the context for effective enterprise
 restructuring. On the basis of two case studies in the Ivanovo-based
 textile industry, this article analyses the impact of this new corporate
 structure on management and production. An account of the developments in
 the 1990s argues for the rationality of survival strategies by inside
 owners and reveals how new economic agents played a primary role in the
 collapse of the industry. The analysis of holding company strategies
 indicates that little has changed so far in market strategies and
 organisation of production. Reliance on traditional Soviet practices
 prevents restructuring and undermines co-operation between managers and
 new owners. Findings, corroborated by existing case study research,
 indicate that the way to successful restructuring lies in overcoming
 Soviet-type personnel and production management. This is unlikely to
 happen without thorough technological change at enterprise level and
 organisational change in holding companies' command structure. Experience
 of restructuring reveals how building trust between managers and owners
 represents an essential precondition for pursuing these goals. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 167-186 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312147 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312147
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:167-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristina Toming 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toming 
Title: The Impact of EU Accession on the Export Competitiveness of the Estonian Food Processing Industry 
Abstract:
  This article seeks to answer the question whether the investments made by
 Estonian food processing companies to meet the EU's strict hygiene and
 structural requirements have enhanced their competitiveness and opened up
 better export opportunities to the EU-15 market. Enhanced competitiveness
 means not only larger export volumes but also redirection of exports
 towards higher value added products. The current study focuses on the
 milk, meat and fish industries, concluding that in general, foodstuffs
 exports to the EU-15 have increased, but only the milk processing industry
 has experienced a shift towards value added consumer products. This shows
 that the Estonian food industry has not (yet) been able to reap the
 benefits of the EU market, and further investments in product development
 and quality, as well as in larger production volumes are necessary. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 187-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312170 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312170
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:187-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darja Majkovic 
Author-X-Name-First: Darja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majkovic 
Author-Name: Stefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Author-Name: Jernej Turk 
Author-X-Name-First: Jernej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turk 
Title: Development of New Members' EU Trade: Evidence from the Slovenian Agri-Food Sector 
Abstract:
  With the recent enlargement of the European Union (EU), ten new member
 states (NMS) have entered the borderless Single European Market (SEM) and
 adopted common EU policies in trade with third countries. This policy
 change causes trade creation effects within the borderless SEM and trade
 diversion effects in trade with third countries. Slovenia is a typical
 example of trade creation effects within the enlarged EU-25 and trade
 diversion effects particularly with traditional former Yugoslav markets.
 We investigate Slovenian agri-food trade structures and trade types prior
 to and after EU accession in 2004 to evaluate a turning point for
 development of Slovenian agri-food trade. Trade creation effects are found
 to be much more significant in Slovenian imports than exports, indicating
 lack of Slovenian export competitiveness. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 209-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312303 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312303
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:209-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Kaltani 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaltani 
Title: Complementary Reforms and the Link between Trade Openness and Growth in Albania 
Abstract:
  This article uses previous findings by Chang, Kaltani & Loayza on the
 important role that reform complementarities play in the link between
 trade openness and economic growth to investigate whether reforms in a
 particular country, Albania, are sufficient for trade to be good for
 growth. The study simulates the growth-producing effect of Albania's
 reforms given a pre-established change in trade openness and contrasts it
 with other countries' performance. It then studies the reform variables
 and their alternative proxies by comparing their levels with those
 predicted by Albania's per capita income. The article concludes that
 Albania's most urgent reforms are in the areas of financial development,
 infrastructure and governance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 225-253 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312329 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312329
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:225-253




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andraz Grum 
Author-X-Name-First: Andraz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grum 
Title: Lessons from Nominal Convergence in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Two years after joining the ERM2 mechanism Slovenia had fulfilled the
 legal requirements for joining EMU as well as the Maastricht criteria.
 This article analyses how the path to EMU affected Slovenian nominal
 convergence, more specifically yield spread movements for standardised
 maturities. For that purpose daily Slovenian yield curves were estimated
 in the period after introduction of the OTC-DVP market. The results show
 that yield spreads between the Slovenian and the generic EMU government
 yield curves decreased significantly at the beginning of March 2006 when
 Slovenia requested individual appraisal of EMU criteria fulfilment. Yield
 spreads decreased further in July 2006 when the definite fixed exchange
 rate was set. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 255-262 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312402 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312402
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:255-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nedka Ivanova 
Author-X-Name-First: Nedka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova 
Author-Name: Mariya Peneva 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peneva 
Author-Name: Plamen Mishev 
Author-X-Name-First: Plamen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishev 
Author-Name: AntoaneTa golemanova 
Author-X-Name-First: AntoaneTa 
Author-X-Name-Last: golemanova 
Author-Name: Emil Erjavec 
Author-X-Name-First: Emil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erjavec 
Title: Bulgarian Agriculture and EU Accession 
Abstract:
  This article analyses markets, income and agricultural policy changes in
 Bulgaria after its accession to the EU. A country AG-MEMOD model,
 consisting of 18 commodities organised in four sub-models (crops,
 livestock, milk & dairy and a link between crops and livestock) is
 applied. The model is an econometric, dynamic, partial-equilibrium and
 multi-product one. In order to examine the policy environment in Bulgaria,
 two scenarios are designed: baseline or non-accession (N-Ac) and accession
 (Ac). The accession scenario should have a very positive effect on the
 crop sector in Bulgaria, whereas the effect is the opposite on the
 livestock sector. The most remarkable results come from the milk sector.
 The effect on income is also positive, despite the pessimistic
 macroeconomic projections. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 263-280 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701503174 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701503174
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:263-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bostjan Antoncic 
Author-X-Name-First: Bostjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antoncic 
Author-Name: Igor Prodan 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prodan 
Author-Name: Robert D. Hisrich 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hisrich 
Author-Name: Cezar Scarlat 
Author-X-Name-First: Cezar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlat 
Title: Technological Innovativeness and Firm Performance in Slovenia and Romania 
Abstract:
  This study contributes to a better understanding of performance induced
 by technological innovativeness by developing and testing a model. The
 model clarifies the nature of the influence of technological
 innovativeness and its organisational and inter-organisational antecedents
 (organisational support for innovativeness and technological alliances) on
 firm growth, profitability and wealth creation. Survey data were collected
 from firms in two countries: Slovenia and Romania; structural equation
 modelling was employed to test the model and the hypothesised
 relationships. Support for most of the model hypotheses was found. Among
 the control elements in the model, country, industry technological
 opportunities and firm age were found to be the most influential. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 281-298 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701503299 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701503299
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:281-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mitja Cok 
Author-X-Name-First: Mitja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cok 
Author-Name: Ivica Urban 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Urban 
Title: Distribution of Income and Taxes in Slovenia and Croatia 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to estimate the redistributive effects of
 personal income tax (PIT) in Slovenia and Croatia. The decomposition of
 the Gini coefficient developed by Aronson, Johnson & Lambert reveals only
 a limited difference between potential and actual redistribution, with
 this loss being a consequence of the different tax treatment of taxpayers
 with equal pre-tax income. The results also suggest that Croatia
 experiences greater income inequality among taxpayers than Slovenia.
 Another decomposition of inequality measure indicates that some types of
 income &#x2014; especially wages &#x2014; contribute a constant and high
 proportion to the overall inequality seen in both countries during the
 period examined. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 299-316 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701503406 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701503406
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:299-316




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HE Canfei 
Author-X-Name-First: HE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Canfei 
Author-Name: ZHU Shengjun 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHU 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shengjun 
Title: Economic Transition and Industrial Restructuring in China: Structural Convergence or Divergence? 
Abstract:
  China has undergone substantial industrial restructuring since the
 economic transition. The triple process of marketisation, globalisation
 and decentralisation has had a significant influence on the changes in
 industrial structures in Chinese provinces. Using provincial-industrial
 level data for 1980-2003, this article finds that Chinese provinces are
 quite similar in their industrial structures. The interior provinces,
 however, have gradually specialised in resource-based industries, so their
 industrial structures deviate from the national structure, while the
 coastal provinces host fairly similar industries. Statistical analysis
 found that marketisation had enhanced the role of comparative advantage in
 natural resources, stimulating the divergence of industrial structures of
 provinces with different resource endowments while encouraging provinces
 with comparable endowments to develop similar industries. However,
 decentralisation generates economic fragmentation of domestic markets,
 fueling inter-provincial protectionism and rational imitation, and leading
 to the convergence of industrial structures among provinces. Globalisation
 has two effects. On the one hand, the globalised provinces have been
 converging in their industrial structures. On the other hand, the
 globalised provinces have rather different industrial structures from the
 underperforming provinces in exports and utilisation of FDI. This result
 implies that economic transition and its consequences are critical in
 understanding industrial restructuring in the transitional economies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 317-342 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701503448 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701503448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:317-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hsiu-Ling Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiu-Ling 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Author-Name: Chien-Hsun Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chien-Hsun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Mei-Hsuan Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Mei-Hsuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: The Effect of Foreign Bank Entry on the Operational Performance of Commercial Banks in the Chinese Transitional Economy 
Abstract:
  This article undertakes an empirical examination of the impact of foreign
 bank entry on the operational performance of the Chinese banking sector,
 placing particular emphasis on the unique features of China's banking
 industry as it undergoes the process of transformation. Pooled
 cross-section (banks) and time series data are employed in the empirical
 estimation, with the sample comprising 14 Chinese banks and the period
 1996-2004. Fixed effects and random effects models are estimated. The
 empirical results for the whole sample show that the return on assets
 (ROA) for those Chinese banks that have foreign shareholders is, on
 average, lower than the ROA for banks that do not have foreign
 shareholders. The longer a bank has been in existence, the lower its ROA
 will be, the main reason for this being that the older Chinese banks tend
 to have accumulated a lot of 'legacy problems'. Non-interest income is
 found to have a negative impact on ROA, reflecting a continuing emphasis
 on traditional lending business. Moreover, an increase in the depth of
 foreign bank participation does not affect the operational performance of
 Chinese banks. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 343-357 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701504404 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701504404
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:343-357




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Author-Name: Tanya Guenther 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guenther 
Title: Rural Livelihoods in Three Mountainous Regions of Tajikistan 
Abstract:
  This article uses data from household income surveys to look at income
 structures amongst households in three mountainous regions of Tajikistan:
 Gorno-Badakhshan, the Rasht Valley and Eastern Khatlon. The structure of
 incomes demonstrates the dominant role of subsistence agriculture in all
 three regions although commercial agriculture is important amongst
 better-off households in Rasht. Relationships between poverty and
 household characteristics including access to capital, demographic
 variables and income-generating activities were examined. It was found
 that diversification of income sources was an important element in
 reducing the likelihood of being poor. Low access to land and livestock
 ownership and large numbers of children are the three characteristics most
 strongly associated with poverty. Economic activities reducing the risk of
 being poor include migration and ownership of a business, with salaries
 and wages being less significant as incomes from these activities are so
 low. Those families selling agricultural or livestock produce are amongst
 the least likely to be poor, having a production surplus and access to
 markets. The poor thus include those who have not benefited from the land
 reform process, who live in agriculturally marginal areas, have large
 numbers of children and no migrant labour. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 359-378 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701312352 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701312352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:359-378




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mihaly Laki 
Author-X-Name-First: Mihaly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Laki 
Title: Evolution of the Market for Foreign Language Teaching Services in Hungary 
Abstract:
  This case study is a part of a research project dealing with the
 evolution of the post-socialist market. Companies with majority foreign
 ownership are very rare on the market for foreign language services in
 Hungary and import competition is negligible on this market as well. One
 other curious feature of this market is the long-term and decisive
 presence of public education. The demand for language instruction grew
 rapidly in the last decades of socialism. Competition and the presence of
 private enterprises began in the last year of the socialist system because
 of the permanent shortage. After the collapse of socialism a large number
 of new private companies entered this market as well. The demand fell
 during the transformational recession and rose again in the years leading
 up to Hungary's EU accession. Since 2004 this market has shown more and
 more signs of saturation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 379-397 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701504438 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701504438
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:379-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Urmas Varblane 
Author-X-Name-First: Urmas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Varblane 
Author-Name: David Dyker 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyker 
Author-Name: Dorel Tamm 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamm 
Author-Name: Nick von Tunzelmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: von Tunzelmann 
Title: Can the National Innovation Systems of the New EU Member States Be Improved? 
Abstract:
  This article outlines the main directions of the development of national
 innovation systems in the new EU member states as catch-up economies
 emerging from a period of systemic change. Attempts simply to copy the
 experience of the high-income economies in building national innovation
 systems are misconceived. That experience needs to be adapted to the
 specific conditions of catch-up countries with a unique systemic heritage.
 The dominant linear innovation model should be replaced as a basis for
 thinking and policy making by an interactive, learning-based approach.
 Catch-up economies such as these need to improve significantly their
 levels of innovation diffusion management and networking. A symbiotic
 approach to the balance of high- and low-tech industries is needed.
 Managerial and organisational competence is at least as important as
 technological competence. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-416 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680048 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680048
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:399-416




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jani Bek&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Jani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bek&#x151; 
Author-Name: Darja Borsic 
Author-X-Name-First: Darja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borsic 
Title: Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Economies: Does It Hold in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia? 
Abstract:
  This article assesses the theory of purchasing power parity for the Czech
 Republic, Hungary and Slovenia in comparison with Austria, Germany, France
 and Italy, employing data from January 1992 to December 2006. The unit
 root tests applied fail to prove stationarity of the real exchange rate
 series. Although cointegration was found among nominal exchange rates and
 selected consumer price indices, the theory of purchasing power parity
 could not be confirmed for any of the three advanced transition countries.
 Following the literature on price movements and macroeconomic policies in
 transition economies, we list some arguments that substantiate our
 findings. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 417-432 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680063 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680063
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:417-432




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Szymanski 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szymanski 
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: Lionel Hubbard 
Author-X-Name-First: Lionel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hubbard 
Title: A Comparative Analysis of Firm Performance in Post-socialist Economies: Evidence from the Polish Food Processing Industry 
Abstract:
  A comparative assessment of the performance of enterprises belonging to
 three strategic ownership groups (state, foreign and indigenous private)
 is undertaken for the Polish food industry. This analysis draws on two
 competing theories of enterprise performance (industrial organisation and
 the resource-based view), which heavily influenced post-socialist policy
 makers and theorists. Indigenous private companies recorded the best
 average return on total assets (ROTA) for the period analysed. The
 determinants of profitability are found to differ significantly among the
 three strategic groups. For indigenous Polish private and foreign-owned
 enterprises, firm effects are the primary determinants of variations in
 ROTA. While regional location is a significant determining factor of
 performance for indigenous private firms, its influence is negligible in
 the case of state and foreign-owned companies. To uncover the specific
 firm resources that are responsible for the superior performance of
 indigenous private enterprises, in-depth interviews were conducted. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 433-448 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680113 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680113
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:433-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbic 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbic 
Title: Varying the Parameters of the Slovenian Pension System: an Analysis with an Overlapping-Generations General Equilibrium Model 
Abstract:
  This article presents an analysis of welfare effects in Slovenia,
 macroeconomic effects of the Slovenian pension reform and effects of the
 pension fund deficit on the sustainability of Slovenian public finances
 using a dynamic OLG general equilibrium model. Stress was laid upon
 varying two parameters of the current pension system: the age of
 retirement and the indexation rate of pensions. It was established that by
 tightening these parameters the elderly would lose, while the present and
 future generations would gain. The macroeconomic effects were in
 accordance with expectations; the employment level increased, while the
 effects of tightened parameters on real consumption were negative. Since
 the PAYG burden on incomes decreased, investment and thus the capital
 stock increased somewhat as well. Nevertheless, the long-term impact on
 real GDP appeared to be ambiguous. Without doubt the demographic slowdown
 of GDP growth has to be taken into account. Finally, tightening the
 parameters of the pension system substantially increased its long-term
 sustainability: while a lower indexation level of pensions considerably
 decreased the deficit of the public pension fund, increasing the
 retirement age was even able to delay the incidence of additional deficit. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-470 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680154 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680154
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:449-470




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alenka Kajzer 
Author-X-Name-First: Alenka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kajzer 
Title: Development of the Slovenian Labour Market in 1996-2006 and the Main Challenges of Labour Market Policy 
Abstract:
  The labour market situation in Slovenia has improved in the last ten
 years, but some labour market problems persist. This article presents the
 labour market reforms carried out in the last ten years, which could be
 considered as partial. In order to make the labour market more flexible
 and to increase the job intensity of GDP growth, labour market reforms
 should be more comprehensive. The article identifies the main challenges
 of labour market policy and draws attention to some current and potential
 labour market problems in Slovenia. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 471-482 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680196 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680196
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:471-482




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Wrobel 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wrobel 
Title: North Korea after the Nuclear Crisis: the Future of the Economic Reforms 
Abstract:
  A few years ago North Korea took the first steps to reform its economic
 system. These reforms have been characterised by the introduction of some
 basic monetisation into the economy and reduction of the role of
 government in setting prices and controlling the distribution system. The
 changes in North Korea's economic management and operational measures
 showed similarities to the processes other Asian transformation economies
 had gone through earlier. On the other hand the reforms may be seen as
 weak and insubstantial. After the nuclear crisis it must be asked whether
 North Korea has turned back into political isolation. A donor-based
 survival strategy, namely a combination of military threats and political
 advances to lure aid, and maybe even investment, to the country, was
 reactivated by the North Korean regime. Under the Six-Party Talks
 Agreement in February 2007 North Korea secured economic, energy and
 humanitarian assistance on a large scale. Therefore reversion or a
 slow-down of the reforms has to be feared. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 483-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680253 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680253
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:483-503




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aristidis Bitzenis 
Author-X-Name-First: Aristidis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bitzenis 
Author-Name: John Marangos 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marangos 
Author-Name: Valentina Nuskova 
Author-X-Name-First: Valentina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nuskova 
Title: Motives for Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector in FYR Macedonia 
Abstract:
  The aim of this article is to provide clear insight into the key FDI
 motives in the manufacturing sector in FYR Macedonia and suggest
 recommendations that might be applied in attracting FDI. Based on
 questionnaire data on 79 manufacturing companies, the manufacturing sector
 was found to perceive the low cost of unskilled labour as the strongest
 FDI driving force, followed by ownership advantages and geographical
 proximity. Contrary to the prevailing consensus in the literature, market
 factors seem to exert very limited influence in attracting investment,
 except for investment targeting the local market. One major lesson that
 can be drawn is that generalised investment promotion policies and
 strategies might not work equally well for all manufacturing industries
 and might have no impact in attracting FDI in particular cases. Instead,
 policies should employ a tailor-made approach, taking account of specific
 features of the targeted industries, companies and countries of origin. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 505-527 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701680337 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701680337
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:505-527




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Title: The evolution of agri-food trade patterns in Central European countries 
Abstract:
  This article describes the evolving pattern of Central European
 countries' agri-food trade using recently developed empirical procedures
 based around the classic Balassa index. The extent of trade specialisation
 exhibits a mixed trend. The results suggest that the trade pattern has
 converged in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia,
 while it polarised in Estonia, Latvia and Slovakia over the period. For
 particular product groups, the indices display greater variation. They are
 stable for product groups with comparative disadvantage, but product
 groups with weak to strong comparative advantage show significant
 variation. In addition, in the Baltic countries many specialisation
 improvements occurred in those product groups for which world demand
 expanded at the fastest rates during the period analysed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-10 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865680 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865680
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:1-10




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mieke Meurs 
Author-X-Name-First: Mieke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meurs 
Title: Decentralisation and development in post-socialism: local characteristics and outcomes in post-socialist Bulgaria 
Abstract:
  Over the past two decades decentralisation of government has been widely
 promoted by international development organisations. In former socialist
 economies, where governance had been extremely centralised,
 decentralisation seemed a way to build economic efficiency and improve
 public sector governance from the bottom up. This article examines the
 experience with decentralisation in Bulgaria at the end of its first
 decade. It finds that the characteristics of local governments varied
 greatly and evaluates the impact of varying local government
 characteristics on economic and social outcomes. There is some evidence
 that local government characteristics do have a significant impact on
 performance, but this is impact is outweighed by inherited, historical
 differences in economic development. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 11-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865706 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865706
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:11-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Szulc 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szulc 
Title: Checking the consistency of poverty in Poland: 1997-2003 evidence 
Abstract:
  This study investigates the relationships between various types of
 poverty in Poland. Monetary poverty is examined together with subjective
 poverty and with a concept of deprivation-based poverty conceived as
 lacking particular dwelling resources. The results reveal quite important
 discrepancies between these three types of poverty. Though income and
 expenditure poverty incidence generally decreased during the period
 investigated, the share of persons living in subjective poverty was higher
 in 2003 than in 1997, while deprivation substantially decreased. Moreover,
 quite large discrepancies at the individual level could be observed. Some
 conflicting results were also found between the correlates of poverty of
 the three types. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 33-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865714 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865714
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ari Kokko 
Author-X-Name-First: Ari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kokko 
Author-Name: Victoria Kravtsova 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravtsova 
Title: Innovative capability in MNC subsidiaries: evidence from four European transition economies 
Abstract:
  This article explores the determinants of innovative capability in a
 sample of MNC subsidiaries operating in the European transition economies.
 It finds that innovative capability and autonomy in product and process
 technology appear to be determined by a different set of variables than
 capability and autonomy in marketing and management. The most independent
 affiliates have high innovative capability in product and process
 technology, but are less prominent in marketing and management technology.
 Affiliates that are closely integrated with their parent company exhibit
 the opposite pattern. These differences may have some impact on the kinds
 of spillovers generated by different kinds of foreign direct investment
 projects. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 57-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865722 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865722
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:57-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisa Galeotti 
Author-X-Name-First: Elisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galeotti 
Author-Name: Stanley Nollen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nollen 
Title: How foreign influence and local managers affect the successful transition of the firm: the case of AGC Flat Glass Czech 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the mechanisms by which a foreign owner
 influenced the transition of its subsidiary from central planning to
 market economy, and explores the role of local managers of the privatised
 company. The subject is AGC Flat Glass Czech (renamed from Glaverbel Czech
 in September 2007 and formerly Glavunion), a glassmaker that was acquired
 early in the privatisation process by the Belgian Glaverbel Group (now AGC
 Group). The article documents the way in which the foreign owner
 transferred its tacit knowledge to local managers and workers immediately
 to restructure human capital, and illustrates the collaborative approach
 between foreign and local managers that was enabled by the favourable
 objective and psychological traits of the incumbent local managers. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 77-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865748 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865748
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:77-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darko Tipuric 
Author-X-Name-First: Darko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tipuric 
Author-Name: Mirjana Pejic Bach 
Author-X-Name-First: Mirjana Pejic 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bach 
Author-Name: Tomislava Pavic 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomislava 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavic 
Title: Concentration of the insurance industry in selected transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe, 1998-2006 
Abstract:
  Until the beginning of the 1990s the insurance markets of the transition
 countries of Central and Eastern Europe were highly concentrated, which
 means that one or only a few state-owned insurance companies operated on
 the market, with the market share of the leading company higher than 90%.
 At the beginning of the 1990s private investors entered the majority of
 economic sectors, including the insurance market. The entry of new
 companies has led to a decrease in concentration, i.e. to increased
 competition. This article analyses the dynamics of concentration of the
 insurance industry, and seeks to determine the impact of the leading
 insurance company on the development of the insurance market. Furthermore,
 the article examines the influence of the purchasing power of the
 population, measured by gross domestic product per capita, on the
 development of the insurance market and considers the potential scenario
 of development of the insurance market in the future. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 97-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865755 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865755
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:97-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Louzek 
Author-X-Name-First: Marek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louzek 
Title: Pension system reform in Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  At present, the debate about pension reform in Central Europe is
 dominated by approaches which may be politically in conflict but have one
 thing in common: they address the pension system by means of indebtedness.
 The Czech Republic is too lax concerning modifications to the parameters
 of the PAYG system, consequently plunging the system into deep deficit.
 Poland, Hungary and Slovakia put forward a radical reform, which, however,
 would also be financed by increasing state debt. This article shows that
 both solutions hide serious pitfalls. Real reform should be
 budget-neutral, i.e. it should not generate any new budget deficits -
 whether explicit or implicit. Privatisation of the pension system is a
 reasonable aim but it should not take place at the cost of indebting
 future or current generations. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370701865789 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370701865789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:119-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonio Sanchez-Andres 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Andres 
Author-Name: Cristina Garcia-Testal 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia-Testal 
Title: Post-Soviet studies and the transition: the case of the Russian economy 
Abstract:
  The disintegration of the Soviet Union meant that an essential object of
 study for research analysing centralised planning disappeared and the
 reference point for a lot of work dealing with the comparison of economic
 systems was lost. It could be assumed that such a structural alteration
 might lead to reduced interest in Russian studies and a crisis for the
 scientific community involved. The purpose of this study is to test this
 idea and to show how the scientific community interested in post-Soviet
 studies has changed during the transition period. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 133-157 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018841 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018841
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:133-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthieu Llorca 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Llorca 
Author-Name: Srdjan Redzepagic 
Author-X-Name-First: Srdjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Redzepagic 
Title: Debt sustainability in the EU New Member States: empirical evidence from a panel of eight Central and East European countries 
Abstract:
  This article aims to assess the sustainability of fiscal policies in a
 panel of eight EU New Member States, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
 First, using panel data unit-root tests, econometric findings show that
 the variables public expenditure and revenue are not stationary. However,
 employing panel cointegration tests, it is found that government spending
 and revenue are cointegrated. This implies that fiscal policies in these
 countries are sustainable in the long run, i.e. they are consistent with
 inter-temporal budget balance in accordance with the present-value
 approach. Finally, these results are confirmed if we exclude the countries
 with sound public finances, namely the three Baltic States and Slovenia:
 we obtain the same conclusion with a panel comprising Bulgaria, the Czech
 Republic, Poland and the Slovak Republic. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 159-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018882 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:159-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthieu Clement 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clement 
Title: The relationship between private transfers and household income with regard to the assumptions of altruism, exchange and risk sharing: an empirical analysis applied to Russia 
Abstract:
  This article examines the impact of household income on private transfers
 in Russia, based on the assumptions of altruism, exchange and risk
 sharing. Econometric investigations using data from the Russia
 Longitudinal Monitoring Survey 2002 show that the fact of giving or
 receiving transfers does not relate to altruism but rather suggests
 reciprocity. Notably, some informal assistance networks would develop
 among the poorest households on the basis of risk sharing, while the
 richest households' gifts would rather be guided by a search for
 compensation, thus showing the predominance of self-interest. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 173-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018916 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018916
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:173-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bas van Leeuwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Bas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Leeuwen 
Author-Name: Peter Foldvari 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Foldvari 
Title: How much human capital does Eastern Europe have? Measurement methods and results 
Abstract:
  There is a general consensus that human capital is a major determinant of
 economic development. However, the range of available human capital
 variables is very wide in both a technical and a theoretical sense, so
 that different human capital measures are sometimes only loosely
 correlated. This is partly because they capture different aspects of human
 capital ranging from the resources devoted to human capital creation
 (without taking account of market forces) to attaching a monetary value
 based on the market value of labour. Hence, different measures can lead to
 very different results and conclusions. This difference is especially
 prevalent in Eastern Europe, which experienced a massive expansion of
 formal education in the twentieth century which was not always matched by
 demand from the market or the efficiency of institutions. Consequently, if
 we look at the attainment figures only, we find that Eastern Europe had
 about 70-80% of the USA's human capital in per capita terms in the 1990s.
 Using methods that measure the market value of human capital, however,
 reduces this estimate to 10-20%. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 189-201 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018932 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018932
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:189-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oskar Kowalewski 
Author-X-Name-First: Oskar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowalewski 
Author-Name: Ivan Stetsyuk 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stetsyuk 
Author-Name: Oleksandr Talavera 
Author-X-Name-First: Oleksandr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Talavera 
Title: Does corporate governance determine dividend payouts in Poland? 
Abstract:
  This study examines the relation between corporate governance practices
 measured by the Transparency Disclosure Index (TDI) and dividend payouts
 in Poland. Our empirical approach lies in constructing measures of the
 quality of the corporate governance in 110 non-financial companies listed
 on the Warsaw Stock Exchange between 1998 and 2004.We find evidence that
 an increase in the TDI or its sub-indices leads to an increase in the
 dividend to cash flow ratio. These results support the hypothesis that
 companies with weak shareholder rights pay dividends less generously than
 do firms with high corporate governance standards. We assume that well
 protected shareholders in Poland use their power to extract dividends,
 thus our results seem to support the outcome agency model of dividends. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 203-218 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018973 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018973
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:203-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Micha&#x142; Brzozowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Micha&#x142; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzozowski 
Title: Determinants of investment and innovation expenditure in Polish manufacturing industries 
Abstract:
  This article analyses determinants of sectoral R&D and innovation
 expenditure as well as investment in Polish manufacturing industries in
 1994-2004. The estimated coefficients for user cost of capital are
 generally in line with the neoclassical model of investment, except for
 R&D intensity. The latter are primarily discouraged by systemic
 uncertainty. The rate of growth of sales is not a prominent determinant of
 investment and innovation expenditure. Market concentration coupled with
 uncertainty has a damaging effect on physical capital investment but it
 promotes R&D expenditure and leaves innovation intensity unaltered. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 219-230 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018981 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:219-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dietrich Earnhart 
Author-X-Name-First: Dietrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Earnhart 
Author-Name: Lubomir Lizal 
Author-X-Name-First: Lubomir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizal 
Title: Pollution reductions in the Czech Republic 
Abstract:
  During the 1990s air pollutant emissions declined dramatically in many of
 the transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe including the Czech
 Republic. Various reasons may explain these reductions, such as (1) a
 decline in production, (2) the exit of older, more polluting firms, along
 with the entry of new, less polluting firms, (3) more stringent
 environmental policies etc. To assess these reasons, this study analyses
 firm-level air pollutant emissions from a panel of Czech firms over the
 years 1993-98. By controlling for the level of production, this study
 eliminates the potentially confounding factor of reduced economic activity
 over this transition period. By tracking a fixed set of firms over time,
 one part of this study controls for the exit of older firms and the entry
 of new firms. Based on an assessment of the analytical results and an
 examination of reasons for the reduction in air pollutant emissions, we
 conclude that tighter environmental protection policies proved the most
 important reason behind the dramatic reduction in Czech air pollutant
 emissions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 231-252 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802018999 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802018999
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:231-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerija Botric 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botric 
Author-Name: Suncana Slijepcevic 
Author-X-Name-First: Suncana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Slijepcevic 
Title: Economic growth in South-eastern Europe: the role of the banking sector 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the relationship between banking sector efficiency
 and economic growth using a panel data analysis of six South-eastern
 European countries during the period 1995-2005. The analysis is
 concentrated on the banking sector because other segments of the financial
 market are underdeveloped in our sample of countries. We measure the
 qualitative development in the banking sectors by using the margin between
 lending and deposit interest rates as well as the share of non-performing
 loans. By applying the panel data method in a growth-type equation
 setting, we confirm that improvements in banking sector efficiency,
 measured through the decreasing interest rate spread, exerted a positive
 influence on the growth rate of the countries in the region. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 253-262 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802019005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802019005
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:2:p:253-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Author-Name: Elena Avraamova 
Author-X-Name-First: Elena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Avraamova 
Title: Public attitudes toward business in contemporary Russia: influence of economic policy and opportunities for corporate response 
Abstract:
  This article, based on public polls conducted in Russia in recent years
 and the analysis of relations among the state, business and society by
 Russian and foreign researchers, presents a step-by-step consideration of
 public opinion about business and the reasons for the formation of
 negative trends in this sphere; the influence of different aspects of
 economic policies (such as privatisation, tax policy, anti-monopoly policy
 and protection of consumers' rights, and combating corruption) on business
 activity and on the population's views on business; and the reaction of
 business to the negative attitude of society. The concluding part of the
 article identifies those social groups and economic and political players
 (federal and regional authorities, oligarchic and non-oligarchic big
 business, trade associations, NGOs and independent think tanks) who are
 capable of influencing opinion about business and also analyses their
 possible actions in the medium-term future. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 263-286 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281373 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281373
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:263-286




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura Solanko 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solanko 
Title: Unequal fortunes: a note on income convergence across Russian regions 
Abstract:
  This article uses annual data for 1992-2005 to examine income dispersion
 and convergence across 76 Russian regions. Wide disparities in income
 levels have emerged during the transition period. Dispersion has increased
 most among the initially better-off regions, whereas for the initially
 poorer regions no clear trend of divergence or convergence could be
 established. Further, evidence was found of both unconditional and
 conditional convergence, especially among the initially richer regions.
 Finally, it is observed that there is much less evidence of convergence
 after the economic crisis of 1998. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 287-301 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281399 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281399
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:287-301




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Rugraff 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugraff 
Title: Are the FDI policies of the Central European countries efficient? 
Abstract:
  This article examines the efficiency of the Central European countries'
 foreign direct investment policies by evaluating the spillover effects of
 foreign investment. It is argued that the poor contribution of foreign
 direct investment to the emergence of competitive indigenous firms is
 partly due to the adoption by Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland and
 Slovakia of a very friendly FDI policy. The argumentation is based on a
 stylised comparison of the 'Irish Model' and the 'TKC model' (Taiwan,
 Korea, China) representing two main categories of FDI policies of
 countries which have built their development on integration in
 international trade. The comparison of the two families of FDI policies
 tends to demonstrate that the 'TKC model', built on strong state
 intervention in the industrial structure and in industrial guidance of
 FDI, has been more efficient in terms of the creation of competitive
 indigenous firms than the 'Irish model' which totally bans policies
 constraining FDI. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 303-316 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281415
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:303-316




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristiano Perugini 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristiano 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perugini 
Author-Name: Fabrizio Pompei 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabrizio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pompei 
Author-Name: Marcello Signorelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcello 
Author-X-Name-Last: Signorelli 
Title: FDI, R&D and human capital in Central and Eastern European countries 
Abstract:
  The recent literature dealing with the determinants of foreign direct
 investment (FDI) has increasingly emphasised the importance of
 technological aspects, as both attractive factors and FDI-related
 technological transfer effects. Focusing on the second perspective, this
 article explores the theoretical and empirical relationships between
 innovative inputs (particularly FDI) and innovative outputs in the EU-27
 countries, focusing in particular on the Central and Eastern European
 countries (CEECs). Findings provide evidence of strong East/West
 specificities, but also of marked heterogeneity within the CEECs, thus
 supporting our approach, which emphasises complexity and the specificities
 of production and economic conditions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 317-345 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281431 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281431
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:317-345




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Deng 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng 
Title: From property rights to urban institutions: an economic analysis of China's emerging urban institutions 
Abstract:
  This article presents an integrated analysis of China's emerging urban
 institutions, and especially of how they respond to the fundamental change
 in property rights regime. In the last decade, homeowners' associations
 have been booming in Chinese cities, while the Ministry of Civil Affairs
 has been promoting 'communities'. The traditional hierarchy of district,
 street office and residents' committee is also undergoing some
 transformation. The article argues that, in spite of bureaucratic turf
 battles, the evolution of China's urban institutions is a good example of
 how the establishment of private property rights causes corresponding
 changes in local governance forms. The existing political structure also
 imposes a constraint on the development of urban communities. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 347-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281464 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281464
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:347-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: Envelope wages in Central and Eastern Europe and the EU 
Abstract:
  This article reports the first cross-national evaluation of the
 prevalence of a little discussed wage arrangement where formal employers
 pay their formal employees two wages, one declared and the other an
 undeclared 'envelope wage'. Analysing the results of a 2007 survey
 conducted in the 27 European Union member states, the finding is that some
 5% of employees in formal employment receive an additional undeclared wage
 from their formal employer which amounts on average to some two-fifths of
 their wage packet. However, this employment practice is found to be
 markedly more prevalent in East-Central European countries, where some 11%
 of formal employees receive an undeclared wage and this is more often paid
 for their regular employment hours, which is in stark contrast to
 Continental Europe and Nordic countries, where such wages are less common
 and received mostly for overtime or extra work performed. The article
 concludes by discussing how this neglected but nevertheless significant
 practice might be tackled. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 363-376 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281472 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281472
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:363-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Winiecki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winiecki 
Title: Employment and unemployment in transition: the legacy of the communist past 
Abstract:
  This article deals with a specific legacy, concerning the labour force,
 with which transition countries have been burdened while instituting
 systemic change. The majority of authors have concentrated on what this
 author calls transition cyclical unemployment, resulting from the
 permanent excess demand and the lack of penalty for financial failure
 under the communist economic system. However, another, more pernicious
 legacy has been the distorted skill structure in communist economies. This
 article explains the sources of a bias in favour of low-skilled workers in
 the past. In consequence, when transition began, these economies were
 faced with heavy excess supply of low-skilled and high demand for better
 skilled workers. The latter stemmed from normal requirements of economic
 development, that is, the need for continuous output quality improvement,
 technological upgrading and change in the portfolio of goods and services
 produced. Among the consequences of the sharp downward change in demand
 for low-skilled labour have been growing wage differentials and the
 emergence of a large pool of unemployed (and often unemployable)
 low-skilled labour, which may be called transition structural
 unemployment. In macroeconomic terms an unusually high unemployment rate
 was observed for about a decade following the beginning of transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 377-390 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802281480 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802281480
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:3:p:377-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zvi Lerman 
Author-X-Name-First: Zvi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lerman 
Title: Agricultural recovery in the former Soviet Union: an overview of 15 years of land reform and farm restructuring 
Abstract:
  Using long time series of basic agricultural statistics in 12 countries
 of the former Soviet Union, this article explores the changes in resource
 use, agricultural production and productivity during the transition. While
 the share of labour employed in agriculture has increased in all the
 countries analysed, the share of agriculture in GDP has declined, pointing
 to generally decreasing productivity of agriculture relative to
 manufacturing and other sectors of the economy. The precipitous transition
 decline that began in 1991 with the break-up of the Soviet system gave way
 to definite recovery starting around 1998. Agricultural growth and
 performance are shown to be positively linked with individualisation of
 farming in transition countries and with various measures of policy
 reform. Countries that have achieved greater progress in the
 implementation of agricultural reform record better agricultural
 performance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 391-412 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444526 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444526
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:391-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Bruna 
Author-X-Name-First: Karel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruna 
Title: Monetary policy stabilisation, changes in the banking system and interest rate pass-through: the Czech Republic 1999-2006 
Abstract:
  This article deals with the relationship between market and client
 interest rates in the period of inflation stabilisation and banking system
 transformation in the Czech Republic in 1999-2006. It analyses the
 character of short-run and long-run equilibrium of the transmission of
 market interest rates to lending and deposit interest rates. In the
 theoretical part crucial characteristics of the banking system in
 transition countries and their effects on interest rate dynamics are
 discussed. These are the strong position of large state-owned banks,
 limited power of non-banks, low elasticity of demand for bank products,
 and high demand for investment and consumption. The empirical analysis
 shows different behaviour of client interest rates in the short and long
 run and a significant impact of changing characteristics of the bank
 sector (growth of competition, reduction in credit risk and an increase in
 operational efficiency) on the stability of the relationship between
 market and client interest rates. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 413-429 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444575 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:413-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Herzfeld 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Herzfeld 
Title: Inter-regional output distribution: a comparison of Russian and Chinese experience 
Abstract:
  Several studies report increasing inter-regional inequality in transition
 countries over the course of economic reforms, but most of them fail to
 look at the underlying dynamics. Using the cases of Russia and China, this
 article analyses the evolution of inter-regional output distribution
 during economic transition. One non-parametric method, kernel density
 estimation, and one parametric method, a Markov chain transition matrix,
 are used to evaluate the shape of the inter-regional output distribution
 and to evaluate regions' mobility within this distribution. Estimated
 distributions for both countries are skewed with long right tails. Whereas
 the distribution for Russian regions shows multiple modes, the hypothesis
 of unimodality could not be rejected for Chinese regions over the last two
 decades. Stationary distributions of the Markov chain transition matrices
 support this finding. It turns out that increasing inequality and
 multimodality in both countries are driven by a few outliers with very
 distinct characteristics. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 431-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444658 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444658
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:431-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Author-Name: Sophia Davidova 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidova 
Author-Name: Kelvin Balcombe 
Author-X-Name-First: Kelvin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Balcombe 
Title: Productivity change in Polish agriculture: an illustration of a bootstrapping procedure applied to Malmquist indices 
Abstract:
  This article illustrates the usefulness of applying bootstrap procedures
 to total factor productivity Malmquist indices, derived with data
 envelopment analysis (DEA), for a sample of 250 Polish farms during
 1996-2000. The confidence intervals constructed as in Simar and Wilson
 suggest that the common portrayal of productivity decline in Polish
 agriculture may be misleading. However, a cluster analysis based on
 bootstrap confidence intervals reveals that important policy conclusions
 can be drawn regarding productivity enhancement. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-460 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444708 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444708
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:449-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrique Palazuelos 
Author-X-Name-First: Enrique 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palazuelos 
Author-Name: Clara Garcia 
Author-X-Name-First: Clara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia 
Title: China's energy transition: features and drivers 
Abstract:
  Since the 1990s China has been undergoing an energy transition.
 Increasing dependence on foreign hydrocarbons is the transformation's most
 striking feature, leading much analysis of China's energy system toward
 geo-strategic studies. This article analyses a) the features defining the
 transition - not exclusively dependence on foreign oil markets -
 highlighting continuities and ruptures with tradition; and b) relations
 between the transformation and three elements of China's current
 development phase: i) strong growth and changing industrial
 specialisation, ii) transport expansion and iii) urbanisation and new
 consumption habits. If these elements are indeed drivers, and if they
 persist, current features of the transition (including growing dependence
 on external markets) will continue. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 461-481 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444716 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:461-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaolei Qian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian 
Author-Name: Russell Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Title: Private returns to investment in education: an empirical study of urban China 
Abstract:
  This article draws on a survey of urban Chinese workers in 2005 to
 estimate the private returns to education and the income elasticity of
 education. Differences in the rates of return to schooling are examined
 between gender and between age groups. The estimated returns to schooling
 are found to be higher than those documented in existing studies for the
 mid-1980s to late 1990s. In particular, considerably higher returns to
 education are observed among people aged 35 or under, representing those
 who received standardised education and entered the labour market during
 the urban economic reform era. The study finds that the income elasticity
 of education expenditure is relatively low and that expenditure on
 education is less sensitive to changes in income than expenditure on
 either food or clothing. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 483-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802444732 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802444732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:20:y:2008:i:4:p:483-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Garanina 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garanina 
Title: What beyond oil and gas? Russian trade specialisation in manufactures 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to study Russia's pattern of
 specialisation in manufactures trade since 1998. Russia's global trade
 balance for manufactures is rapidly deteriorating. However, the trade
 pattern in manufactures should be differentiated according to Russia's
 main trading partners: the European Union (EU), the Commonwealth of
 Independent States (CIS) and China. On the basis of trade indicator
 analysis (revealed comparative advantages and Grubel-Lloyd index of
 intra-industry trade), we show that Russia is globally disadvantaged in
 manufactures trade vis-a-vis the EU and China, and advantaged in trade
 within the CIS. Russia is managing to expand its manufactured exports to
 other CIS countries. However, it is gradually losing its role of main
 supplier of capital goods in the post-Soviet space. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663596 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663596
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:1-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Author-Name: Karoly Attila Soos 
Author-X-Name-First: Karoly Attila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Soos 
Title: Duration of trade of former communist countries in the EU market 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the duration of exports of individual products of
 former communist countries to the enlarged European Union (EU25) employing
 survival analysis. The results show that the duration of trade differs
 across EU10 and EU15 markets: for the majority of countries the length of
 trade is greater in EU10 markets than in EU15 markets. The estimations
 suggest that differentiated products are traded for more extended periods
 than homogeneous products. In addition, trade relationships starting with
 large initial sales are more likely to survive the observed five-year
 period than those starting with small values. Finally, the estimations are
 robust to both markets segments. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 31-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663604 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:31-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oscar Bajo-Rubio 
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bajo-Rubio 
Author-Name: Carmen Diaz-Roldan 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diaz-Roldan 
Title: Does the balance of payments constrain economic growth? Some evidence for the new EU members 
Abstract:
  The balance of payments can act as a constraint on the rate of growth of
 output, since it puts a limit on the growth in the level of demand to
 which supply can adapt. This article examines this issue for the case of
 several transition countries, namely, those Central and Eastern European
 countries that joined the EU in 2004, and calculates their balance of
 payments-constrained growth rates. Comparing these balance of
 payments-constrained growth rates with the actual growth rates enables us
 to assess whether the balance of payments has acted as a constraint on
 economic growth in the countries analysed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 41-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663612 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:41-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arne Henningsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Arne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Henningsen 
Title: Why is the Polish farm sector still so underdeveloped? 
Abstract:
  This article presents a comprehensive review of the Polish farm sector.
 The main objective is to analyse the causes of its backwardness and slow
 development. Low remuneration of farm work and the resultant low
 profitability are the largest problems of many farms. Several causes of
 the low profitability are evaluated. We show that all relevant causes are
 closely interrelated and that the extraordinarily high labour intensity
 has the largest impact. Subsequently, we analyse several causes of the
 extremely large share of agricultural employment in the Polish economy.
 Low skills of farm workers, the poor performance of the land market and
 the high level of subsidisation of the social security system for farmers
 (KRUS) are identified as the most important causes. Finally, some policy
 recommendations are given. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 47-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663646 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663646
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:47-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Bollaert 
Author-X-Name-First: Helen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bollaert 
Author-Name: Antoine Dile 
Author-X-Name-First: Antoine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dile 
Title: Changes in corporate governance quality in Estonia between 1999 and 2007 
Abstract:
  This article documents significant improvements in the quality of
 corporate governance in Estonian listed firms between 1999 and 2007.
 Basing our approach in the agency theory framework, we construct a
 corporate governance index reflecting the specificities of transition
 economies in general and Estonia in particular. We base our index on best
 practice using a number of widely recognised sources. Using hand-collected
 publicly available data for 1999 and 2007, we calculate a corporate
 governance score for every listed company. Comparing the scores, we find
 an overall improvement in corporate governance during the period, which
 coincided with Estonia's accession to the EU. We find evidence that some
 corporate governance practices are better in cross-listed firms and those
 which were already in existence in 1989 and which were subsequently
 privatised. We identify some areas of corporate governance where practices
 could be enhanced. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 65-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663653 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663653
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:65-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Author-Name: Tim Pringle 
Author-X-Name-First: Tim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pringle 
Title: Can party-led trade unions represent their members? 
Abstract:
  This article examines the implications of party leadership for the
 ability of trade unions to represent the interests of their members by
 comparing the cases of China and Vietnam, where the trade unions are under
 the leadership of the Communist Party, with that of Russia, where the
 trade unions have been politically independent for almost two decades. The
 article examines the changing role of trade unions in the transition from
 a command to a capitalist economy and the pressures for trade union reform
 from above and below. The key finding is that the form and extent of
 independent worker activism, and the response of the state to such
 activism, are a much more significant determinant of trade union
 development than is the legal and institutional framework of industrial
 relations, while the main barriers to trade union reform are the inertia
 of the trade union apparatus and the dependence of primary union
 organisations on management. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 85-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663679 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663679
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:85-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Can-fei He 
Author-X-Name-First: Can-fei 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Author-Name: Sheng-jun Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng-jun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Industrial agglomeration and labour productivity in transition: an empirical study of Chinese manufacturing industries 
Abstract:
  China has experienced substantial spatial restructuring of manufacturing
 industries since the economic reforms. Chinese manufacturing industries
 reversed an early drop in industrial agglomeration and have been
 increasingly agglomerated since the early 1990s. Resource-intensive
 industries have been relatively dispersed while export-oriented industries
 have been progressively agglomerated. Industries driven by market and
 global forces are agglomerated while those favoured and protected by local
 governments are widely dispersed. Statistical analysis confirms a
 significant positive relationship between industrial agglomeration and
 labour productivity in China. This positive relationship was particularly
 prominent in liberalised and globalised industries in the 1980s and has
 been found in most industries since the 1990s. The empirical results imply
 that marketisation and globalisation have stimulated industrial
 agglomeration and thereby raised industrial competitiveness in China. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 103-115 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663711 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663711
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:103-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Title: Determinants of technical efficiency of Slovenian farms 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the determinants of technical efficiency of
 Slovenian farms during the transition to a market economy and before
 accession to the European Union (1994-2003). Both the parametric
 stochastic frontier and the non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA)
 methods show that the degree of technical efficiency has increased during
 the transition, and that farm specialisation associated with technological
 change is found to be a crucial determinant for increasing technical
 efficiency. A negative impact of farm commercialisation on technical
 efficiency is found, explained by the specific nature of livestock farms,
 in particular, with intra-farm intermediary consumption. The use of hired
 labour has no significant influence, but mixed results are found for
 rented land. The results suggest possible sources of imperfections in farm
 input markets. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 117-124 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370802663737 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370802663737
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:1:p:117-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Konstantin Gluschenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gluschenko 
Title: Goods market integration in Russia during the economic upturn 
Abstract:
  This article finds an evolving pattern of goods market integration in
 Russia, considering the period of economic upturn since the second half of
 2000 to the end of 2007. In an integrated market, the price of a tradable
 good at any location is determined by the national market, not local
 demand. Based on this, the strength of dependence of local prices on local
 demand is used to detect and measure market segmentation. The costs of a
 staples basket across almost all Russian regions with a monthly frequency
 are used as the empirical material. The pattern found suggests that over
 the time span under consideration the degree of Russia's goods market
 integration was relatively stable, fluctuating around some level; no
 significant improvements or deteriorations were detected. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 125-142 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778443 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778443
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:125-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Merlevede 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merlevede 
Author-Name: Koen Schoors 
Author-X-Name-First: Koen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoors 
Title: Privatisation and foreign direct investment in 10 transition countries 
Abstract:
  This article uses a partial adjustment framework to examine the
 determinants of FDI stocks of 'old' EU member states in 10 transition
 countries that have now joined the EU. A dynamic panel analysis reveals
 that equilibrium FDI stocks are determined by traditional variables such
 as market potential and unit labour costs. Adjustment towards equilibrium
 is rapid. The relationship between FDI and the privatisation process is
 complex. Whereas direct privatisation strategies positively affect the
 equilibrium FDI stock, non-direct privatisation schemes negatively affect
 the speed of adjustment towards the equilibrium. Privatisation history
 seems to increase equilibrium FDI stocks, independently of the method
 applied. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 143-156 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778450 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:143-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erdinc Telatar 
Author-X-Name-First: Erdinc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Telatar 
Author-Name: Mubariz Hasanov 
Author-X-Name-First: Mubariz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasanov 
Title: Purchasing Power Parity in transition economies: evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States 
Abstract:
  This article tests the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for
 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. For this purpose we
 test whether the real exchange rate series of 10 CIS countries vis-a-vis
 the US dollar follow a stationary process. Considering the fact that the
 CIS countries have undergone major structural changes during the
 transition period, in addition to conventional unit root tests, we employ
 recently developed unit root tests that allow for structural breaks and
 non-linearities. When possible structural changes and non-linearities are
 not taken into account, the null hypothesis of unit root is rejected only
 in two out of 10 series. However, allowing for structural breaks and/or
 non-linearities in the data generating process results in more rejection
 of the null hypothesis of unit root. All in all, our results provide
 evidence in favour of the PPP hypothesis in these transition countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 157-173 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778468 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:157-173




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marjan Senjur 
Author-X-Name-First: Marjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Senjur 
Title: The transition experience in retrospect: the labour market transformation was vital 
Abstract:
  Looking back on the experience of transition, based on the case study of
 Slovenia, this article argues that the transformation of the labour market
 was a major area of transition. It therefore focuses on the topic of the
 relationship between output, employment, unemployment and inactivity of
 labour in a transition country. The transition period is from 1980 to
 2006. The averages for the whole period 1980-2006 conceal too much. The
 whole transition period is divided into two sub-periods: the period of the
 transition crisis and the period of transitional rehabilitation. The
 thesis is that there were important differences between the two
 sub-periods as far as the labour market is concerned. Okun's relationships
 about the responses of employment and unemployment to output changes are
 valid during both sub-periods. Empirical estimates of the Beveridge
 relationship and job-matching function do not differ significantly for the
 first period compared with the second. The conclusion would be that the
 labour market responded normally during the transition and that the
 official statistical data do not reflect major systemic changes that the
 labour market has supposedly experienced during transition. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 175-189 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778492 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:175-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Ciaian 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciaian 
Author-Name: Jan Pokrivcak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pokrivcak 
Author-Name: Dusan Drabik 
Author-X-Name-First: Dusan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drabik 
Title: Transaction costs, product specialisation and farm structure in Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
  In Western Europe, the USA and other developed countries agriculture is
 dominated by small family farms. In Central and Eastern European countries
 (CEECs) a dual structure of farms exists. There are large corporate farms
 (CF) and small family farms (FF) in CEECs. This article shows that both CF
 and FF specialise in commodities in which they have a comparative
 advantage. CF specialise in capital-intensive products and in products
 with low labour monitoring requirements. FF specialise in products with
 higher labour monitoring requirements. The implication of this study is
 that farm structure indirectly determines in which products a country will
 be competitive on international markets. This is especially important for
 transition countries where high transaction costs hinder changes of farm
 organisation. Because of high transaction costs, farms are more flexible
 in adjusting production structure than adjusting farm organisation in
 transition countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 191-201 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778526 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778526
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:191-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: China's informal urbanisation: conceptualisation, dimensions and implications 
Abstract:
  This article deals with the meaning and dimensions of informal
 urbanisation in post-socialist China, which has been undertaking reforms
 to its centrally planned economy while continuing the Lewis dual-economy
 transition since the late 1970s. It first combines the literature on
 economic transition of the urban labour market with Chinese experience of
 systemic transformation to contribute to a conceptual understanding of
 informal urbanisation. It demonstrates that it is both the legacy and new
 configurations of the Chinese reformed socialist system that have created
 the 'exclusive' and therefore informal feature of urbanisation under the
 economic and systemic transitions. On that basis, the article explores the
 extent of China's informal urbanisation, which is decomposed into
 demographic, employment and habitat dimensions. This shows that
 informality represents a constituent part of urbanisation in China. By
 systematically exploring the special features of China's informal
 urbanisation, the article also contributes to the growing body of research
 that emphasises the Chinese urbanisation as a unique process in studying
 space-economy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 203-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778583 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:203-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nguyen Van Thang 
Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Thang 
Author-Name: Nick Freeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freeman 
Title: State-owned enterprises in Vietnam: are they 'crowding out' the private sector? 
Abstract:
  This article assesses, on a province-by-province basis, whether
 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are constraining the development of private
 firms in Vietnam. The analysis suggests the greater the density of SOEs
 present in a province, the more they enjoy favouritism, the lower is the
 proportion of bank loans that go to private companies, and the longer it
 takes for private firms to get access to land. There is also a negative
 correlation between SOE growth and private sector growth. But most
 importantly, the greater the density of SOEs in a particular province, the
 lower the GDP (and GDP per capita) growth recorded by that province. This
 evidence suggests that SOEs are indeed 'crowding out' private companies in
 Vietnam. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 227-247 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370902778674 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370902778674
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:227-247




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvana Malle 
Author-X-Name-First: Silvana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malle 
Title: Soviet legacies in post-Soviet Russia: insights from crisis management 
Abstract:
  This paper singles out elements of continuity in the Russian path to
 development and growth after transformation to market under the assumption
 that Soviet legacies have a bearing on current policies and provide some
 insights as to how the Russian market system may develop in the future.
 Drawing from the development and the specifics of the financial crisis in
 Russia, the paper focuses on the frame of mind, behaviour, goals and means
 of Russian policy-makers that are reminiscent of Soviet formal and
 informal institutions and may have an impact on post-crisis developments
 and structures. A sui generis corporate state is emerging, the basic
 features of which range from the complex of the great power and belief in
 the state as a driver of growth to secrecy, mutual distrust, lack of
 transparency and accountability, and efforts to increase command on
 resources. The seeds of a Russian-style corporate state that emerged in
 the early 2000s with the creation of goskorporatsii are reinforced by
 economic slow-down and Russia-specific market failures. Competition for
 power - the President versus the Premier - may help strengthen the demand
 from below for a stronger state and limited property rights. Retrenchment
 from competition, openness to Foreign Direct Investment and commitment to
 entry into the WTO expose the country to the risk of prolonged
 technological backwardness and possible regression to a society where
 private elite organisations are closely tied to the state and institutions
 are subservient to the leadership: a framework highly unsuitable for
 modernisation and growth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 249-282 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090582 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090582
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:249-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bradford Mills 
Author-X-Name-First: Bradford 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills 
Author-Name: Elton Mykerezi 
Author-X-Name-First: Elton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mykerezi 
Title: Chronic and transient poverty in the Russian Federation 
Abstract:
  This article examines poverty dynamics in the Russian Federation from
 1994 through the financial crisis in the late 1990s and into the more
 recent economic recovery. The severity of poverty in the Russian
 Federation is found to stem largely from transient, rather than chronic,
 spells of economic hardship. Exposure to transient poverty is strongly
 influenced by household levels of workforce participation, educational
 assets and physical assets, as well as by local economic conditions.
 Workforce participation and physical assets also mitigate exposure to
 chronic poverty. The importance of these determinants of transient and
 chronic poverty appears to change in the pre-crisis and post-crisis
 periods. But the severity of chronic poverty does not increase, suggesting
 that the combined movement towards a market economy and the financial
 crisis did not generate a new underclass of chronically poor households. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 283-306 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090590 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090590
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:283-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryszard Rapacki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ryszard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rapacki 
Author-Name: Mariusz Prochniak 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariusz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prochniak 
Title: Real beta and sigma convergence in 27 transition countries, 1990-2005 
Abstract:
  The aim of this study is a detailed analysis of real economic convergence
 in 27 former socialist (or transition) countries. We focus on two concepts
 of convergence: absolute (unconditional) beta convergence and sigma
 convergence. The time frame of our study is 1990-2005. We provide a broad
 empirical picture of convergence. First, we analyse the catching-up
 process in the whole group of 27 countries as well as in several narrower
 sub-groups. Second, we carry out our calculations for the entire period
 1990-2005 as well as for shorter sub-periods. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 307-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090616 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090616
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:307-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petra Posedel 
Author-X-Name-First: Petra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posedel 
Author-Name: Maruska Vizek 
Author-X-Name-First: Maruska 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizek 
Title: House price determinants in transition and EU-15 countries 
Abstract:
  This article studies house price developments in six European countries:
 Croatia, Estonia, Poland, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The main
 goal is to explore the factors driving the rise of house prices in
 transition countries. Because house price increases in the last two
 decades are not peculiar to transition countries, the analysis is extended
 to three EU-15 countries that have recorded house price rises. The
 similarities and differences between the two groups of countries in terms
 of house price determinants can thus be explored. In the first part of the
 empirical analysis VAR is employed to detect how GDP, housing loans,
 interest rates and construction contribute to real house price variance.
 In the second part of the analysis multiple regression models are
 estimated. The results of both methods suggest that the driving forces
 behind house price inflation in both groups of countries are very similar
 and encompass the combined influence of house price persistence, income
 and interest rates. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 327-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090640 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090640
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:327-343




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Louzek 
Author-X-Name-First: Marek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louzek 
Title: The Czech privatisation after 20 years 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the Czech privatisation. Since there was no
 economic theory of privatisation in 1989, the decision makers in
 transition economies had to improvise and solve a dilemma: fast or slow
 privatisation? The Czech literature on privatisation as well as the
 strengths and weaknesses of the privatisation methods in the Czech
 Republic, including the voucher one, are discussed. The article argues
 against the pessimistic view of the Czech privatisation, which
 predominated in the literature in the second half of the 1990s. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 345-359 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090657 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090657
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:345-359




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daria Golebiowska-Tataj
Author-X-Name-First: Daria
Author-X-Name-Last: Golebiowska-Tataj
Author-Name: Darek Klonowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Darek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klonowski 
Title: When East meets West: corporate governance challenges in emerging markets of Central and Eastern Europe - the case of Polish Aggregate Processors 
Abstract:
  The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have multiple areas
 where the corporate governance function can fail. These challenges are
 multidimensional, complex and intertwined and relate to five key areas
 (financial control and accountability, conflict of interest resolution,
 corporate performance enhancement, value generation and transferability).
 The complexities of corporate governance in the CEE region are illustrated
 in the context of Polish Aggregate Processors, a Poland-based joint
 venture between two venture capital firms, a Western strategic partner and
 a state-owned enterprise. Notwithstanding the challenges, the article
 shows that most of the problems in the venture were self-inflicted, the
 result of poor co-operation between the partners and self-interest. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 361-371 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090673 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090673
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:361-371




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbic 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbic 
Title: A note on varying the parameters of the Slovenian pension system: an analysis of supplementary pension insurance 
Abstract:
  The article is an upgrade of the work presented in Verbic (2007a, Varying
 the parameters of the Slovenian pension system: an analysis with an
 overlapping-generations general equilibrium model. Post-communist
 economies, 19 (4), 449-470) with an analysis of supplementary pension
 insurance in Slovenia. It has been established that the volume of
 supplementary pension saving is insufficient at present in Slovenia to
 compensate for the deterioration of rights from the first pension pillar.
 Not only is the participation in the second pillar insufficient but the
 premia especially are too low. The macroeconomic consequences of
 introducing fully-funded mandatory pension insurance would not be
 unfavourable. Increased pension saving reduces current consumption and
 increases the labour supply of active generations, but also increases the
 volume of disposable savings, so the increased investment may increase
 capital stock and production, which leads to an increase in economic
 growth and potential future consumption. Increased labour supply of
 insured persons would also lead to a higher volume of contributions for
 mandatory pension insurance, which would reduce the state pension fund
 deficit. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 373-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903090681 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903090681
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:3:p:373-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laszlo Csaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Laszlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Csaba 
Title: From Sovietology to neo-institutionalism 
Abstract:
  This article attempts to wrap up the thorny road of studies and students
 of systemic change in Central and Eastern Europe. It analyses how a
 relatively backward part of the economics profession has been confronted
 with issues that count among perhaps the most complex, in terms of both
 understanding and applications, within and for the entire academic
 discipline. An attempt is made to integrate some broader methodological
 and narrower political economy insights in the approach of sustainable
 development and economic theory in general. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 383-398 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339807 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339807
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:383-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz 
Title: Hierarchy of governance institutions and the pecking order of privatisation: Central-Eastern Europe and Central Asia reconsidered 
Abstract:
  This article discusses property rights, corporate governance frameworks
 and privatisation outcomes in the Central-Eastern Europe and Central Asia
 (CEECA) region. We argue that while CEECA still suffers from deficient
 'higher order' institutions, this is not attracting sufficient attention
 from international institutions like EBRD and the World Bank, which focus
 on 'lower order' indicators. We discuss factors that may alleviate the
 negative impact of the weakness in institutional environment and argue for
 the pecking order of privatisation, where equivalent privatisation is
 given a priority but speed is not compromised. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-423 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339823 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339823
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:399-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvain Rossiaud 
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossiaud 
Author-Name: Catherine Locatelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Locatelli 
Title: The obstacles in the way of stabilising the Russian oil model 
Abstract:
  This article deals with the current change of the institutional and
 organisational framework of the Russian oil industry. Regarding this
 evolution, the main characteristic is the increasing involvement of
 national oil companies in upstream activities. The aim is to explain this
 reorganisation by relying on the New Institutional Economics framework.
 These theoretical works highlight that institutional environment and
 governance structures complement each other. We argue that the current
 reorganisation is an attempt to increase the coherence of the
 institutional arrangements governing transactions between the Russian
 state and private oil companies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 425-438 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339831 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339831
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:425-438




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: The strategy process in Russian 'non-strategic' companies: coping with economic recession 
Abstract:
  This article reports on the behaviour of Russian medium-size companies
 during the first months of economic recession. Using a convenient sample
 survey and a series of corporate stories we examine the options for
 turnaround strategies and the patterns of strategic choice. We find that
 economic recession provoked the 'return' of company owners to the role of
 'internal strategists' or even into operations management. Under such
 conditions companies with dispersed ownership have visible disadvantages
 in building a consistent strategic agenda and timely implementation of
 robust strategies, as any strategic actions largely depend on a 'concert'
 of corporate strategists. Factor analysis of the actions implemented or
 planned for implementation reveals two patterns of strategic behaviour -
 cost leadership and differentiation. Cost leadership is the more popular
 option as it provides more chances for sustainability in the short term.
 The selection between the two strategic options is less determined by the
 company's past performance and competitiveness than by ambitions of key
 'internal strategists'. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 439-451 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339849 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339849
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:439-451




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ainura Uzagalieva 
Author-X-Name-First: Ainura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzagalieva 
Author-Name: Antonio Menezes 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Menezes 
Title: The poverty effect of remittance flows: evidence from Georgia 
Abstract:
  The main purpose of this study is to analyse the poverty effects of
 emigration and inward remittance flows through direct and indirect
 channels within the context of a standard computable general equilibrium
 (CGE) model. For that purpose we use a novel approach in modeling a social
 accounting matrix (SAM)-based CGE model by combining an original data set
 containing rich, highly-disaggregated household budget suveys with
 detailed macro-level data for Georgia. A distinctive contribution of this
 study is the attention paid to regional differences in terms of market
 access and transaction costs, in addition to households' factor endowments
 and consumption patterns. The main questions of interest are whether and
 to what extent remittance flows contribute to the production and
 consumption pattern of the poor. Two aspects of poverty reduction are
 emphasised: (1) the impact of remittances on aggregate and sectoral
 economic growth and (2) the impact of remittances on poor households,
 their production and consumption patterns across regions. The study
 concludes that, while having a strong macroeconomic growth effect at the
 aggregate level, emigration and inward remittance flows do not affect all
 sectors and residents symmetrically. Moreover, they have a rather limited
 impact in terms of poverty and income inequality. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 453-474 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339856 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339856
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:453-474




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: John White 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Export strategies and performance in the CIS: case study evidence from the dairy sector 
Abstract:
  Case studies from the dairy sector shed light on patterns of
 internationalisation and determinants of export success in the
 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). International market orientation
 is, in general, weak: the majority of firms considered do not collect
 market research, have no marketing department, are unsure of competitors'
 strengths and weaknesses, and began exporting reactively. Some of the
 characteristics of flourishing exporters in CIS markets (investment in
 personal relationships and networks, fluency in Russian, lack of need to
 meet international and private standards) appear incompatible with success
 in non-CIS markets. This calls for the development of regional models of
 the determinants of export performance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 475-494 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339864
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:475-494




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoph Sahrbacher 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahrbacher 
Author-Name: Ladislav Jelinek 
Author-X-Name-First: Ladislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jelinek 
Author-Name: Konrad Kellermann 
Author-X-Name-First: Konrad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kellermann 
Author-Name: Tomas Medonos 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Medonos 
Title: Past and future effects of the Common Agricultural Policy in the Czech Republic 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the impact of the Czech Republic's accession to
 the European Union. Special emphasis is given to effects that have
 resulted from implementing the Common Agricultural Policy. Two approaches
 are applied. First, in an ex post analysis we address how accession has
 thus far influenced structural changes and the income situation. Second,
 in an ex ante analysis we apply the agent-based model AgriPoliS to
 simulate the impact of decoupling top-up payments on structural change,
 farm income and payment redistribution. In the ex post analysis, it is
 observed that structural change is still influenced by the transformation
 process. Farm income partially follows the increase of payments, but there
 is also a capitalisation of payments into factor prices for land, labour
 and other inputs. Furthermore, simulations support empirical findings that
 accession slows down structural change compared to a scenario without
 accession, while decoupling top-ups in 2009 has no significant impact on
 structural change. However, depending on the type of decoupling, a
 redistribution of payments among farmers can be observed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 495-511 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339872 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339872
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoph Hornych 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hornych 
Author-Name: Michael Schwartz 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartz 
Title: Industry concentration and regional innovative performance: empirical evidence for Eastern Germany 
Abstract:
  The transformed economy of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR)
 clearly lags behind the western part of the country in technological
 innovativeness. To tackle this weakness a broad mixture of policy measures
 was carried out in recent years. Particular attention is drawn to the
 development of industry concentrations and economic 'clusters'. However,
 little is known about the effectiveness of these policy measures regarding
 how industry concentrations in fact promote innovative performance in
 Eastern Germany. The present study tries to fill this gap by analysing the
 relationship between industry concentration in Eastern Germany and
 regional innovative performance. Our empirical analysis is based upon the
 number of patent applications of 22 manufacturing industries in 22 Eastern
 German planning regions. The estimated regression models indicate an
 inverted-U relationship between the degree of industry concentration and
 innovative performance. An exceedingly high degree of industry
 concentration in one region hampers regional innovative output. We discuss
 policy implications of our findings and give recommendations for future
 refinement of 'cluster'-supporting policy schemes in Eastern Germany. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 513-530 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903339880 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903339880
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:21:y:2009:i:4:p:513-530




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Rugraff 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugraff 
Title: Strengths and weaknesses of the outward FDI paths of the Central European countries 
Abstract:
  This article uses foreign direct investment (FDI) annual reports of
 central banks and annual reports of the largest firms to study the outward
 foreign direct investment (OFDI) of the Central European countries. Four
 countries - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia - are the
 source of the predominant part of the OFDI stock of the Central-Eastern
 European area. Since the beginning of the 2000s the OFDI of the Central
 European countries has increased sharply. A small number of large
 horizontal multinationals investing in the neighbouring countries account
 for the bulk of the OFDI flows and stock. We distinguish three different
 OFDI paths and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of each one: the Czech
 and Hungarian path is characterised by the pivotal role of the
 foreign-owned multinationals in the OFDI process. The Polish OFDI path
 differs from the Czech and Hungarian path by the central role played by
 the state-owned extractive and infrastructure companies in the Polish FDI
 abroad. In Slovenia, the OFDI path takes the form of investments by
 private indigenous-grown multinationals that have successfully set up
 subsidiaries in the neighbouring countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525561 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525561
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Brock 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock 
Title: Growth in Russia's federal districts, 1994-2003 
Abstract:
  Russian macroeconomic growth in the transition era is analysed across
 federal districts using a neoclassical production function often found in
 studies of Soviet-era economic growth. An adjusted capital stock series
 for Russian regions is created and used in the aggregate production
 function for 1995-2003 to analyse growth across the 11 federal districts
 in Russia. Federal district output growth is found to be explained well by
 neoclassical growth theory, indicating that poorer regions may converge to
 richer regions, thereby strengthening the Russian Federation. Federal
 districts also have high capital/labour ratios, suggesting that expanded
 regional domestic and foreign investment across Russia in the future will
 enhance growth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 19-31 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525579 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525579
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Korosteleva 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korosteleva 
Author-Name: Colin Lawson 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson 
Title: The Belarusian case of transition: whither financial repression? 
Abstract:
  This article examines the financial development of Belarus, with special
 emphasis on 1996-2002, when the financial sector was restrained by
 pervasive government controls. Belarus is of particular interest as,
 despite no economic restructuring, annual growth has averaged 7% since
 1997. It has been argued that monetary stimulation of investment through
 interest rate ceilings, directed credit and preferential loans revived
 growth. This article investigates whether a repressive financial policy
 adopted by the authorities in the late 1990s led to financial deepening
 and increased the share of savings allocated to investment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 33-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525587 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525587
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vera Belaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Vera 
Author-X-Name-Last: Belaya 
Author-Name: Jon Henrich Hanf 
Author-X-Name-First: Jon Henrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanf 
Title: Foreign direct investment as an agent of change in Russian agrifood business - consequences of the export of chain management concepts by foreign investors 
Abstract:
  The internationalisation of food retailing and manufacturing that has
 swept through the agrifood system in industrialised countries is now
 moving into Russia. When retailers as well as processors enter a new
 country they face the challenge to build up their procurement and
 distribution systems. In this way modern management concepts are exported.
 This article analyses the influence of FDI on Russian agrifood business.
 First, we outline the features of Russian agrifood business describing the
 current situation. Second, we discuss FDI in Russian agrifood business.
 Third, we elaborate on the influence of FDI on Russian agrifood business
 at different stages (agricultural producers, food processing, food
 retailing including the fast food sector). We further discuss the future
 prospects of the Russian food sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 55-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525595 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525595
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:55-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laetitia Duval 
Author-X-Name-First: Laetitia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duval 
Author-Name: Francois-Charles Wolff&#xa0; 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois-Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff&#xa0; 
Title: Remittances matter: longitudinal evidence from Albania 
Abstract:
  Using the LSMS panel data collected by the World Bank in Albania from
 2002 to 2004, this article focuses on the determinants and financial
 implications of remittances sent by family members and adult children
 living abroad. Our econometric analysis draws on random and fixed effects
 discrete choice models. We find that the proportion of households
 receiving remittances is large. These transfers are negatively correlated
 with both the donor's and the recipient's level of education. Finally,
 remittances have a positive impact on economic indicators like
 satisfaction with current situation, adequateness of food consumption and
 number of affordable expenditures. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 73-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525611 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525611
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:73-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Lux 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lux 
Author-Name: Petr Sunega 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sunega 
Title: Interrelations between housing supply agents: the metropolitan housing market in Prague 
Abstract:
  This article presents the main findings from a detailed analysis of the
 interrelations between selected agents on the supply side of the housing
 market in Prague. It discusses the sources of potential market
 inefficiencies emerging from the nature of interrelations between
 developers, construction firms and the producers of building materials in
 the transition economy. The research was conducted in 2007, during a
 period of growing demand for owner-occupied housing in Prague. The results
 highlight the barriers which prevent housing supply from reacting
 effectively to changes in housing demand. The findings may thus be a
 contribution to the more general discussion of the efficiency of housing
 markets. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 99-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525629 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525629
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:99-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Mollers 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mollers 
Author-Name: Jana Fritzsch 
Author-X-Name-First: Jana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritzsch 
Title: Individual farm exit decisions in Croatian family farms 
Abstract:
  Successful structural change in agriculture depends on several
 preconditions, some of which are only indirectly linked to the farming
 sector. The rural non-farm economy is known as one important driver of
 structural change because it offers alternative employment. However,
 little is known about the factors that influence farm exit decisions.
 Based on a recent household survey of Croatian family farms, we analyse
 individual employment decisions of farm household members by taking a
 prospective look at developments to come in the medium term. We find that
 mixed activities and part-time farming will be at the core of expected
 future developments. A cumulative logit regression model is employed,
 showing that steps toward individual farm exit are least likely for
 elderly people and for those in households that are particularly
 successful in farming. Individual exit is more likely for better-off
 households. Generally, we find that there is a clear trend toward non-farm
 employment for individuals, but there are hardly any indications that this
 leads to final abandonment of the farm. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631370903525645 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631370903525645
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:1:p:119-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Author-Name: Yuri Simachev 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simachev 
Author-Name: Yuri Danilov 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Danilov 
Title: The Russian corporation: patterns of behaviour during the crisis 
Abstract:
  This article considers the behaviour patterns of Russian firms before and
 during the financial crisis of 2008-09. To facilitate comparison, we
 define three main groups of actors at the firm level in the Russian
 economy - large, politically connected companies; medium-size firms that
 expanded in the 2000s with the help of administrative support, and
 successful medium-size firms driven by market factors. Many of the large
 companies practised highly risky financial policies and experienced a
 decrease in efficiency before the crisis, and the managers and owners of
 some Russian firms have been engaging in opportunistic behaviour during
 the crisis; the forms and causes of this behaviour are analysed here. We
 conclude by proposing some policy implications with emphasis on supporting
 successful medium-size firms driven by market factors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 129-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740555 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740555
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:129-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariya Neycheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neycheva 
Title: Does public expenditure on education matter for growth in Europe? A comparison between old EU member states and post-communist economies 
Abstract:
  This study examines the impact of education on growth in the EU. Public
 expenditure on education is used as a proxy for investment in human
 capital. The empirical model is based on the extended Cobb-Douglas
 production function with three inputs: labour, physical capital and human
 capital. The results imply that education spending is positively related
 to growth in the panel of 20 economies investigated. However, the
 estimated regression coefficient for the education indicator is both
 significant and robust to structural breaks in data or extreme
 observations only in the case of the advanced member states. Spending on
 R&D is also substantially linked to growth. In the case of post-communist
 countries, the relationship between education and growth is either
 statistically insignificant or unstable. The partial correlation analysis
 implies that the effect of education expenditure on growth is related to
 its impact on labour productivity. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 141-164 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:141-164




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lajos Zoltan Bakucs 
Author-X-Name-First: Lajos Zoltan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bakucs 
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Author-Name: Jozsef Fogarasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jozsef 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fogarasi 
Title: The impact of EU accession on farms' technical efficiency in Hungary 
Abstract:
  In this article the stochastic frontier analysis method is used to
 evaluate the technical efficiency of Hungarian farms before and after
 accession to the European Union (EU), and to investigate the efficiency
 determinants. The results show that EU membership has reversed the
 pre-accession process of efficiency decrease. But the other side of the
 coin is that access to higher post-accession subsidies contributes to
 lower efficiency of Hungarian farmers. The other remarkable finding is a
 seeming scarcity of labour on farms, which constrains their production and
 efficiency. The Hungarian government may therefore have to design specific
 national policies if its aim is to promote a farming system that uses
 labour and at the same time is competitive. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 165-175 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740639 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:165-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernd Aumann 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aumann 
Author-Name: Rolf Scheufele 
Author-X-Name-First: Rolf 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheufele 
Title: Is East Germany catching up? A time series perspective 
Abstract:
  This article assesses whether the economy of East Germany is catching up
 with the West German region in terms of welfare. While the primary measure
 for convergence and catching up is per capita output, we also look at
 other macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment rates, wage rates and
 production levels in the manufacturing sector. In contrast to existing
 studies of convergence between regions of the reunified Germany, our
 approach is based purely upon the time series dimension and is thus
 directly focused on the catching up process in East Germany as a region.
 Our testing set-up includes standard ADF unit root tests as well as unit
 root tests that endogenously allow for a break in the deterministic
 component of the process. We find evidence of catching up for East Germany
 for most of the indicators. However, the convergence speed is slow, and
 thus it can be expected that the catching up process will take further
 decades until the regional gap is closed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 177-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740662 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740662
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:177-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Deng 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng 
Title: Post-disaster reconfiguration of property rights in a transition economy 
Abstract:
  This article draws on the ongoing reconstruction in Wenchuan earthquake
 areas and studies how a new world of private property rights affects
 post-disaster reconstruction. In addition to analysing particular problems
 related to rural housing, urban housing and housing finance, I argue that
 (1) more decentralised reconstruction planning might be needed for rural
 housing reconstruction, which is decentralised by nature; (2) the
 homeowners association may not be an efficient vehicle for urban housing
 reconstruction; (3) writing off all remaining mortgage balances is not
 fair to everybody. I also discuss three general themes related to
 post-disaster property rights. First, post-disaster reconfiguration may be
 an important opportunity for major change in the property rights regime,
 including the decline of informal or communal property rights. Second, the
 reconstruction approach is path-dependent and the trade-off between
 liability rules and property rules depends critically on how eminent
 domain is executed. Third, the well known 'safe development paradox' may
 also have a property rights dimension. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 193-206 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740688 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740688
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:193-206




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaobing Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaobing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Supawat Rungsuriyawiboon 
Author-X-Name-First: Supawat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rungsuriyawiboon 
Title: Agricultural efficiency, technical change and productivity in China 
Abstract:
  Economic reform in China helped transform the structure and volume of
 agricultural production and resulted in significant changes in efficiency
 and productivity. This article measures agricultural technical efficiency
 (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) in China by including all
 producers in different groups operating under their own technologies. A
 metafrontier function approach is applied using a panel data set on 28
 provinces during 1991-2005. The provinces are categorised into advanced
 and low-technology provinces. Based on the metafrontier estimation, TFP
 growth is decomposed into TE change (TEC), technical change (TC) and scale
 efficiency change (SEC). Our major findings indicate that TC contributed
 most to Chinese agricultural TFP growth throughout the period of study.
 SEC and TEC exhibited negative effects on TFP growth for the advanced and
 low-technology provinces respectively. Most of the advanced-technology
 provinces exhibited higher TE than the low-technology provinces. The
 comparatively low TE scores in the low-technology provinces imply that the
 low-technology provinces were operating far from the metafrontier. The
 results also show that labour and fertiliser still make important
 contributions to output, and thus improving the quality of farmers and
 applying modern physical inputs is also crucial to TFP growth. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 207-227 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740704 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740704
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:207-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darek Klonowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Darek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klonowski 
Title: The effectiveness of government-sponsored programmes in supporting the SME sector in Poland 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of
 the government assistance programmes to small and medium-size enterprises
 (SMEs) in Poland and to assess the effectiveness of these programmes in
 stimulating development of the SME sector. There are three main
 conclusions from the study. First, the Polish government support
 programmes are poorly structured, fragmented and untargeted. Second, the
 programmes do not meet the actual needs of the sector and, hence, are
 poorly used. Third, there is strong evidence to confirm the existence of
 liquidity gaps in financing the SME sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 229-245 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740738 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:229-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Pastore 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pastore 
Title: Returns to education of young people in Mongolia 
Abstract:
  Relatively little is known about the youth labour market in Mongolia.
 This article studies returns to education of 15-29-year-olds by taking
 advantage of a recent ad hoc School to Work Transition Survey. Based on
 augmented Mincerian earnings equations, education and work experience
 appear to be important determinants of earnings. Vocational does not
 provide higher wages than compulsory education. Factors bearing wage gains
 include living in the capital city and in urban areas in general. Factors
 bearing wage penalties include gender, informal work, training, using
 informal job search networks and herding. Union membership, being a
 migrant and civil status are wage-neutral. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 247-265 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631371003740753 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631371003740753
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:2:p:247-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christel Elvestad 
Author-X-Name-First: Christel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elvestad 
Author-Name: Frode Nilssen 
Author-X-Name-First: Frode 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilssen 
Title: Restricting imports to the Russian food market: simply an act of protectionism? 
Abstract:
  During the past decade Russia has imposed import restrictions on
 different types of food and plant products from a vast number of
 countries, claiming to be acting on food safety scandals as the primary
 reason. However, most observers interpret these measures as acts of
 protectionism. In this article the Russian import restrictions on
 Norwegian fish products are presented as the main case in a discussion of
 the rationale behind the measures. Our main finding is that, although the
 measures are trade barriers that lack transparency and documentation
 related to the alleged food safety risks, the traditional protectionist
 rationale, i.e. restricting imported volumes to prevent competition, does
 not seem to be the driving force behind the restrictions. Instead, we
 argue that food trade is regulated in order to regain governmental control
 over economic transactions and economic actors. Russian authorities have
 been very careful not to disturb the overall supply of seafood to Russia
 when implementing new import regulations. Also, import volumes of food to
 the Russian market in general have been increasing. This is linked to the
 fact that Russia is highly import-dependent and unable to replace imports.
 Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings with regard to
 future market access to the Russian food market, including the potential
 for Russia's adaptation to relevant World Trade Organisation (WTO)
 agreements. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 267-282 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498679 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498679
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:267-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Dobrynskaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dobrynskaya 
Author-Name: Edouard Turkisch 
Author-X-Name-First: Edouard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turkisch 
Title: Economic diversification and Dutch disease in Russia 
Abstract:
  Despite the impressive economic growth in Russia between 1999 and 2007
 there is a fear that Russia may suffer the Dutch disease, which predicts
 that a country with large natural resource rents may experience
 de-industrialisation and lower long-term economic growth. This article
 examines whether there are any symptoms of the Dutch disease in Russia.
 Using a variety of Rosstat publications and the CHELEM database, we
 analyse the trends in production, wages and employment in Russian
 manufacturing industries, and we study the behaviour of Russian imports
 and exports. We find that, while Russia exhibits some symptoms of the
 Dutch disease, e.g. the real appreciation of the ruble, the rise in real
 wages, the decrease in employment in manufacturing industries and the
 development of the services sector, manufacturing production nonetheless
 increased, contradicting the theory of the Dutch disease. These trends can
 be explained by the gains in productivity and the recovery after the
 disorganisation in the 1990s, by new market opportunities for Russian
 products in the European Union and in CIS countries, by a growing Chinese
 demand for some products and by a booming internal market. Finally,
 investment in many manufacturing industries was largely encouraged,
 whereas investment in the energy sector was strongly regulated, which
 contributed to economic diversification. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 283-302 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498680 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498680
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Borut Vojinovic 
Author-X-Name-First: Borut 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojinovic 
Author-Name: Zan Oplotnik 
Author-X-Name-First: Zan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oplotnik 
Author-Name: Mariusz Prochniak 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariusz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prochniak 
Title: EU enlargement and real economic convergence 
Abstract:
  This article presents an analysis of economic implications of the major
 EU enlargement in 2004. The research is based on sigma (&#x3c3;) and beta
 (&#x3b2;) convergence of per capita GDP among the 10 countries which
 joined the European Union in 2004. Our results confirm the existence of
 both types of convergence in the second half of the 1990s and the 2000s.
 Generally, the poorer new EU member states grew faster than the richer new
 EU member states. As a result, the income gap between these two groups of
 countries has narrowed although it still remains quite large. The
 convergence occurred at the rate of 4.2% during the period 1992-2006 and
 7.0% and 9.6% during the sub-periods 1995-2006 and 2002-06 respectively. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 303-322 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498681 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498681
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Canfei He 
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Author-Name: Junsong Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Junsong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Geographical agglomeration and co-agglomeration of foreign and domestic enterprises: a case study of Chinese manufacturing industries 
Abstract:
  Industrial agglomeration has been pervasive owing to natural advantages,
 spillover effects and institutional advantages. The co-agglomeration of
 foreign and domestic enterprises may be a driving force of
 intra-industrial agglomeration. Theories however provide conflicting
 predictions on whether foreign and domestic enterprises share similar
 locations. Based on data from the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms in
 2005 in China, this study finds that foreign enterprises are considerably
 more agglomerated than domestic enterprises, and there exist significant
 industrial variations in the intra-industry co-agglomeration of foreign
 and domestic enterprises. Statistical analysis suggests that
 foreign-specific agglomeration and dependence on intermediate inputs from
 primary industries discourage the co-agglomeration of foreign and domestic
 enterprises. Differences in equipment, technology and labour productivity
 result in locational patterns of foreign enterprises distinct from those
 of domestic enterprises. Meanwhile statistical results confirm the
 positive role of external economies and knowledge spillover effects in
 driving the co-agglomeration of foreign and domestic enterprises. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 323-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498682 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498682
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christina Peters 
Author-X-Name-First: Christina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters 
Author-Name: Ron Sprout 
Author-X-Name-First: Ron 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sprout 
Author-Name: Robyn Melzig 
Author-X-Name-First: Robyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Melzig 
Title: Regional poverty disparity and economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia 
Abstract:
  While most of the inequality literature focuses on income inequalities by
 Gini coefficient, this article develops an alternative index that measures
 the extent of poverty disparities across geographical regions. In contrast
 to trends in income inequalities, there is little evidence that regional
 poverty disparities have peaked and are falling in Central and Eastern
 Europe and Eurasia. Using panel data for the transition countries, we find
 that high levels of regional poverty disparity have a positive impact on
 macroeconomic performance. Further evidence suggests this result may be
 driven by the positive effect of disparities on both saving and the pace
 of economic reforms. However, it appears that disparities are beneficial
 to progress on both economic and democratic reforms only for countries
 with per capita income levels above USD3000. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 345-365 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498684 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498684
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dubravko Sabolic 
Author-X-Name-First: Dubravko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabolic 
Author-Name: Branko Grcic 
Author-X-Name-First: Branko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grcic 
Title: Electricity sector reform in South-East European countries in transition 
Abstract:
  This article concentrates on interactions between various factors and
 agents like the state and its sector policies and strategies,
 supra-national legislation, EU accession, institutional environment and
 companies pursuing electricity market reform in the South-East Europe
 (SEE) region. It is rather obvious that the SEE countries have not
 succeeded in reforming their electricity sectors in a way that would
 enable development of stable and self-sustainable free markets for
 electricity, either within national borders or on the regional level. The
 most important research question of this article is: why did this happen?
 After an examination of the barriers to trade in electricity that are
 still present throughout SEE one can conclude that all of them can be
 directly traced to a single cause - rigid pricing policies that have been
 in place for decades and have not been removed. However, it would be too
 simple to say that this problem could easily be solved if only governments
 had the political will to do it. Since all of them carry a heavy burden of
 socio-economic problems that have arisen during the last two decades of
 post-communist transition, they would need to create a clear political
 strategy to gradually release their grip on electricity prices. The main
 conclusion is that the only possible way to finish the reform of the
 electricity sector in these countries successfully is to allow all market
 participants to do business under normal economic conditions, which seems
 still to be rather difficult for the governments of SEE countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 367-385 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498685 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498685
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claus Michelsen 
Author-X-Name-First: Claus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Michelsen 
Author-Name: Dominik Weiss 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiss 
Title: What happened to the East German housing market? A historical perspective on the role of public funding 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the development of the East German housing market
 after reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the
 Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. We analyse the dynamics of the East
 German housing market within the framework of the well known stock-flow
 model, proposed by DiPasquale and Wheaton. We show that the disequilibrium
 observable today is to a large extent caused by post-reunification housing
 policy and its strong fiscal incentives to invest in the housing stock.
 Moreover, in line with the stylised empirical facts we show that 'hidden
 reserves' of the housing market were reactivated since the economy of East
 Germany became market-organised. Since initial undersupply was overcome
 faster than politicians expected, the fiscal stimuli implemented were too
 strong. In contrast to the widespread opinion that outward migration
 caused the observable vacancies, this study shows that not weakness of
 demand but supply side policies caused the observable disequilibrium. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 387-409 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498686 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498686
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joan-Lluis Capelleras 
Author-X-Name-First: Joan-Lluis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Capelleras 
Author-Name: Durim Hoxha 
Author-X-Name-First: Durim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoxha 
Title: Start-up size and subsequent firm growth in Kosova: the role of entrepreneurial and institutional factors 
Abstract:
  The successful establishment and subsequent development of new firms have
 long been a source of interest for researchers. However, there is still
 limited evidence with regard to causes of both start-up size and firm
 growth in transitional contexts characterised by extreme conditions such
 as Kosova. In this study we examine entrepreneurial and institutional
 factors influencing initial size and subsequent growth by using data
 collected by structured interviews with 555 firm founders. Results show
 that entrepreneurs' intentions to grow the business have a strong positive
 influence on both variables, whereas their formal education is negatively
 related to initial size and growth. Our findings also suggest that, in the
 absence of a strong institutional framework, informal barriers have
 emerged and tend to hinder firm growth in this particular context. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 411-426 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.498687 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.498687
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:3:p:411-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Broz 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Broz 
Title: Introduction of the euro in CEE countries - is it economically justifiable? The Croatian case 
Abstract:
  This article analyses correlation of demand and supply shocks between the
 EMU and the CEECs in order to see whether there is some degree of business
 cycle coordination between them. The main interest is to investigate the
 impact on Croatia and compare it with other CEECs. Information on the
 correlation of demand and supply shocks between the EMU and CEECs is
 important if a country wants to join the monetary union, since
 synchronisation of business cycles and policy coordination will have a
 significant impact on willingness to enter the monetary union (unless the
 decision is a political one). We employ structural vector autoregression
 in order to identify demand and supply shocks and analyse their
 correlation, size and speed of adjustment. The results indicate that at
 the moment Croatia is far from ready for the common monetary policy of the
 EMU, while among other CEE countries Slovenia and Latvia have the closest
 connection between their business cycles and those of the EMU. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 427-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518449 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518449
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naohito Abe 
Author-X-Name-First: Naohito 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abe 
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki 
Title: Organisational culture and corporate governance in Russia: a study of managerial turnover 
Abstract:
  In this article we investigate the possible impact of ownership structure
 and corporate performance on managerial turnover using a unique dataset of
 Russian corporations. We argue that Russia is regarded as a country with a
 highly authoritarian and collectivism-oriented national culture and this
 peculiarity is the key to disentangling the puzzle of the statistically
 weaker relationship between firm performance and CEO renewal in Russian
 firms. We deal not only with CEO dismissal but also managerial turnover
 within a company as a whole. By conducting multinomial analysis that
 incorporates both factors, we found a significant relationship between
 firm performance and CEO dismissal, while, consistent with most previous
 studies, a standard logit analysis of CEO turnover revealed no clear
 relationships. We also found that the presence of a dominant shareholder
 significantly increased the likelihood of turnover of the whole management
 team, while foreign ownership tended to cause partial (CEO only) turnover. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-470 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518455 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518455
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:449-470




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Vartapetov 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vartapetov 
Title: Russia's federal fiscal grants: regional equalisation and growth 
Abstract:
  This article reviews recent developments in federal fiscal arrangements
 in Russia and evaluates the complicated system of centre-to-regions grants
 until 2010. The objective of the research is to assess the equalisation
 effect of federal fiscal grants to the regions over the last decade and
 look into the proposed changes in 2010-12. The development of fiscal
 inequality between Russia's regions is discussed and the contribution of
 the grant system is analysed. The research also compares Russia's
 territorial fiscal fortunes with the evolution of regional economic
 disparities. The article suggests that the stochastic and often
 non-transparent system of federal-to-regions grants coupled with modest
 revenue and expenditure discretion of sub-national governments might
 present a barrier to long-term economic growth in Russia's regions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 471-481 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518452 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518452
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:471-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Boenisch 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boenisch 
Author-Name: Lutz Schneider 
Author-X-Name-First: Lutz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider 
Title: Informal social networks and spatial mobility: the enduring impact of communist history in Eastern Germany 
Abstract:
  Individuals' preferences in transition regions are still shaped by the
 former communist system. We test this 'communist legacy' hypothesis by
 examining the impact of acculturation in a communist regime on social
 network participation and, as a consequence, on preferences for spatial
 mobility. We focus on the paradigmatic case of Eastern Germany, where
 mobility intentions seem to be substantially weaker than in the Western
 part. Applying an IV ordered probit approach we first find that Eastern
 people acculturated in a communist system are more invested in locally
 bounded informal social capital than Western people. Second, we confirm
 that membership in such locally bounded social networks reduces the
 intention to move away. Third, after controlling for the social network
 effect the mobility gap between East and West is substantially reduced.
 Low spatial mobility of the Eastern population, we conclude, is to an
 important extent attributable to a social capital endowment characteristic
 of post-communist economies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 483-497 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518470 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518470
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:483-497




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernd Gorzig 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorzig 
Author-Name: Martin Gornig 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gornig 
Author-Name: Ramona Voshage 
Author-X-Name-First: Ramona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Voshage 
Author-Name: Axel Werwatz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Werwatz 
Title: Eastern Germany on the brink of closing the productivity gap? Firm level evidence from manufacturing 
Abstract:
  After 20 years of transition, productivity in Eastern Germany is still
 considerably below the Western level. We study the development of the
 East-West productivity gap at the firm level and link it to firms' product
 policy. Redesigning their product range was a major challenge for Eastern
 enterprises as they sought their place in the international division of
 labour. Based on data from manufacturing we apply a non-parametric
 extension of the widely used Oaxaca-Blinder method to decompose the
 average East-West productivity difference. By running separate
 decompositions for modifiers and non-modifiers of the product range we
 study the impact of product policy on the productivity gap. We find that
 the time span 1995-2004 has two component periods: a period of adaptation
 from 1995 to 2001 and a period of branding from 2002 to 2004. The initial
 period is characterised by a smaller share of Eastern firms that modify
 their product range and by a large productivity gap between Eastern and
 Western non-modifiers of comparable size and sector. The evidence for the
 second period, however, points to a more active and established role of
 Eastern German manufacturers: more of them alter their product range and
 step up their productivity performance. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 499-511 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518459 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518459
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:499-511




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Fa&#x142;kowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fa&#x142;kowski 
Title: Price transmission and market power in a transition context: evidence from the Polish fluid milk sector 
Abstract:
  Profound changes have been taking place in the Polish dairy sector since
 the beginning of transition. Two distinct features have attracted
 particular attention, namely growing consolidation of the downstream
 industries and serious farm fragmentation. Consequently, in the debate
 numerous concerns have been expressed that the sector's restructuring has
 been proceeding, so to speak, at farmers' expense. Most frequently
 farmers' relatively weak bargaining position, compared with that of
 processors and retailers, has been blamed for this state of affairs. Up to
 now, however, no convincing evidence has been provided that these
 arguments really hold. This article aims at verifying the above view by
 examining the mechanism of price transmission. To put the problem in a
 theoretically consistent, structural equation setting, an approach using
 exogenous demand and supply shifters is followed. The analysis is couched
 in a vector error correction model framework. The results suggest that
 price transmission between farm and retail levels is affected by both
 short-run and long-run asymmetries. Moreover, behaviour of prices in the
 fluid milk sector in Poland is consistent with the use of market power by
 the downstream sector. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 513-529 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518477 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518477
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mercedes Jaffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Mercedes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaffe 
Author-Name: Manfred Zeller 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeller 
Title: Legal regulations and agricultural production: the case of Cuba's cattle sector 
Abstract:
  The decrease of production in Cuba's cattle sector has been blamed on
 technical factors, overlooking the role of the institutional set-up of the
 sector. The objectives of this article are to describe the sector's
 institutional framework and to compare the performance of different
 producer types. The three main producer types differ in their access to
 illegal markets, in the property rights structure for land and cattle, and
 in their economic and production success. The fact that at least one of
 the producer types is successful casts doubt on the prevailing idea that
 production problems are a result of technical problems. The article
 analyses how the incomplete and insecure property rights regime in Cuba
 results in low productivity caused by incentive and other problems. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 531-545 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518478 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518478
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:531-545




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anastasia Blouchoutzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blouchoutzi 
Author-Name: Christos Nikas 
Author-X-Name-First: Christos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nikas 
Title: The macroeconomic implications of emigrants' remittances in Romania, Bulgaria and Albania 
Abstract:
  The process of transition in the Balkan economies was accompanied by
 large-scale emigration. The employment of a considerable part of their
 labour force abroad was accompanied by a massive inflow of remittances.
 Remittances are considered the basic gain of migration for the emigration
 countries and their main compensation for losing (temporarily or more
 permanently) a part of their labour force. Whether remittances contribute
 to the economic development of the country receiving them depends on how
 they are used, that is, what activities they finance. Their exclusive use
 for consumption and imports, for example, is considered less
 development-stimulating than financing productive investment. This article
 investigates the impact of remittances on three basic macroeconomic
 variables, namely consumption, investment and imports, for three
 transition Balkan economies: Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. The main new
 element of the analysis is the use of econometric investigation on the
 basis of time series analysis, since emigration from these countries only
 started less than 20 years ago. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 547-558 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2010.518479 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2010.518479
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laszlo Csaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Laszlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Csaba 
Title: Financial institutions in transition: the long view 
Abstract:
  This article is an attempt to contribute to the broader debate on growth
 theory in academic economics on the basis of empirical experience of two
 decades in transition countries. It analyses whether financial sector
 reform is urgent and thus should be sequenced from the very outset of
 transition or, alternatively, is important rather than urgent. If the
 latter is the case - and in view of the technical sophistication of the
 task - it should be sequenced later but by no means dodged. The basic
 questions of the current analysis are that there seems to be a trade-off
 between the two, and whether or not underdeveloped financial markets are
 bound to have an unfavourable impact on long-term growth. We then analyse,
 one by one, the role of monetary and fiscal institutions, exchange rate
 and tax regimes, as well as capital markets and special SME agencies
 across the region. Finally we examine whether the model based on foreign
 strategic ownership of intermediation is dead after the 2007-09 financial
 meltdown. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-13 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546991 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546991
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beata Farkas 
Author-X-Name-First: Beata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Farkas 
Title: The Central and Eastern European model of capitalism 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the question of how the institutions of the new EU
 member states match with the institution types previously worked out for
 the old member states, and whether they resemble any of the broadly
 accepted four models of capitalism (Anglo-Saxon, Nordic, Continental
 European and Mediterranean) or represent a new type of model. Amable's
 work was regarded as the starting point of this study, which underpinned
 the existence of the four models with statistical analysis. As for the new
 member states, our cluster analysis indicated that a new, fifth model of
 Central and Eastern Europe could be determined. The characteristics of the
 Central and Eastern European model may be derived from three main factors:
 the lack of capital, weak civil society and the impact of the European
 Union and other international organisations influencing the new member
 states. Also owing to these factors, a special division of labour has
 developed between the old and the new, post-communist member states since
 the systemic change two decades ago, in which the present asymmetric
 interdependency can be long-lasting. This could also make the Lisbon-type
 strategies, which aim to develop the European integration into a set of
 innovation-driven economies, illusory in the long run. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 15-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546972 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546972
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Stephan 
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stephan 
Title: Foreign direct investment in weak intellectual property rights regimes - the example of post-socialist economies 
Abstract:
  This analysis attempts to integrate international business theory on
 foreign direct investment (FDI) with institutional theory on intellectual
 property rights (IPR) to analyse FDI in Central and Eastern Europe, a
 region with an IPR regime gap vis-a-vis Western Europe. Starting from the
 premise that FDI plays a crucial role for technological catching up in
 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) via technology and knowledge transfer,
 this article assesses the role played by IPR regimes as a factor for
 corporate governance and control of foreign-invested subsidiaries, for
 their own technological activity, their trade relationships, and
 networking for technological activity. As a specific novelty to the
 literature, the influence of the strength of IPR regimes on corporate
 control of subsidiaries is analysed. The results suggest that
 IPR-sensitive foreign investment tends to have lower functional autonomy,
 tends to cooperate more intensively within its transnational network and
 is still technologically more active than less IPR-sensitive subsidiaries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 35-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546973 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546973
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Golovina 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovina 
Author-Name: Jerker Nilsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson 
Title: The Russian top-down organised co-operatives - reasons behind the failure 
Abstract:
  Studies show that the co-operatives that have been established by
 governmental officials in Russia have not been successful. This study
 seeks to explore whether the government decision makers are badly informed
 about the conditions for running co-operative enterprises. The study is
 based on surveys within Kurgan region with agricultural producers who are
 not co-operative members, members of the co-operatives at the formation
 stage, the same members at a later point in time and a sample of
 government officials. The findings indicate that the government officials
 have poor knowledge about the socio-psychological conditions among
 agricultural producers. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 55-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546975 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546975
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:1:p:55-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafael Fernandez 
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez 
Title: Nabucco and the Russian gas strategy vis-a-vis Europe 
Abstract:
  The Nabucco pipeline project poses a double challenge to Russia: it risks
 weakening both Russia's monopoly in Europe and its monopsony in Central
 Asia. This article analyses the various channels through which the Russian
 government and the state-owned Gazprom enterprise have sought to undermine
 the Nabucco pipeline's options: strengthening their position in Central
 Asia, proposing construction of Southstream and taking control of the
 Central European Gas Hub (CEGH) in Baumgarten (Austria). Analysis shows
 that in all three cases the measures have proved consistent with the
 objectives of the Russian gas export strategy. Therefore, it is not really
 precise to speak of a 'direct' reaction by the Russian government to the
 Nabucco project; rather, Russia has developed an export strategy that has
 'indirectly' given an effective response to the project, leaving it in a
 considerably weakened position. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 69-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546976 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546976
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elodie Douarin 
Author-X-Name-First: Elodie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Douarin 
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Title: Potential impact of the EU Single Area Payment on farm restructuring and efficiency in Lithuania 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the potential impact of post EU-accession
 public support, namely the introduction of the decoupled Single Area
 Payment (SAP), in Lithuania on its farming sector's restructuring and
 future efficiency. Analyses are based on efficiency calculations with
 2001-02 FADN data for fieldcrop farms, and on the same sample's farmers'
 intentions to remain in the sector and to expand their area after EU
 accession under two scenarios: a hypothetical scenario of continuing
 pre-accession national policies, and a realistic scenario of fully
 decoupled SAP introduction with coupled national top-ups. Our results
 suggest that, before accession to the EU, the smallest inefficient farms
 remained in the sector thanks to policy support. However, the SAP
 introduction could potentially give the right incentives to Lithuanian
 farmers for quicker restructuring and an increase in farm efficiency,
 although such change may be impeded by the lack of available agricultural
 land. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 87-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546977 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546977
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaowen Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Author-Name: Vai Io Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Vai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Io Lo 
Author-Name: Shuanglin Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Cross-region FDI productivity spillovers in transition economies: evidence from China 
Abstract:
  Prior studies have failed to examine the spatial dimension of FDI
 productivity spillovers in transition economies. Using data from China,
 this article investigates how FDI in one location may affect the
 productivity of domestic firms in another location. The study finds strong
 evidence that FDI in the growth pole on the coast adversely affects the
 productivity of domestic firms in the peripheral interior. There is also
 some evidence that FDI in the peripheral interior positively affects the
 productivity of domestic firms in the growth pole on the coast. The
 findings indicate that the inflows of FDI contribute to the widening
 regional disparities in transition economies like China. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 105-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546979 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546979
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ales Berk 
Author-X-Name-First: Ales 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berk 
Author-Name: Igor Loncarski 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Loncarski 
Title: Are exogenous requirements sufficient to induce corporate risk management activities? 
Abstract:
  This article reports the current practices of risk management in
 Slovenian companies and relates the incentives for risk management in the
 country's post-transitional legal and business environment to the
 neoclassical theoretical motives for risk management. We find that in such
 an environment, which more or less characterises most Eastern European
 countries, neoclassical theoretical motives do not provide sufficient
 (endogenous) incentives for shareholders and managers to manage risk
 within their firms. We argue that the compulsory use of International
 Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) disclosure requirements induces
 managers to actively analyse and manage risks. We see this exogenous push
 as a necessary but unfortunately not a sufficient mechanism to induce
 managers to manage risk within their firms since managers perceive the
 reporting requirements primarily as cost-enhancing. We argue that, in
 order to endogenise the incentives, governments need to create market
 conditions in which managers will also see the added value of risk
 management. This will require predominantly a change in corporate
 governance mechanisms. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-137 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.546994 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.546994
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jurgen Wandel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jurgen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wandel 
Author-Name: Agata Pieniadz 
Author-X-Name-First: Agata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pieniadz 
Author-Name: Thomas Glauben 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Glauben 
Title: What is success and what is failure of transition? A critical review of two decades of agricultural reform in the Europe and Central Asia region 
Abstract:
  This article reviews the outcome of the transformation of a centrally
 planned into a market economy over the past two decades in the case of
 agriculture in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. It focuses on the
 question of how transition progress in the region's agriculture can be
 evaluated and compared adequately. The article presents a set of arguments
 to question some of the conventional wisdom in the existing literature on
 what success and failure are in the transition of the ECA region's
 agriculture. In particular, it challenges the usefulness of
 counterfactuals that are commonly used in the existing literature to
 appraise transition progress such as pre-reform output levels,
 individualised farming structures and WTO-conforming agricultural market
 regulation. Against this background the widespread view that agricultural
 reform in the advanced CIS countries has, in general, been less successful
 than in the new EU member states is questioned. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 139-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570037 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570037
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:139-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joze Damijan 
Author-X-Name-First: Joze 
Author-X-Name-Last: Damijan 
Author-Name: Crt Kostevc 
Author-X-Name-First: Crt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kostevc 
Title: Trade liberalisation and economic geography in CEE countries: the role of FDI in the adjustment pattern of regional wages 
Abstract:
  This article studies the within-country regional effects of trade
 liberalisation in Central and Eastern European countries. CEE countries
 liberalised their trade with the European Union from the mid-1990s, while
 also receiving substantial foreign investment in the process. The first
 part of the period witnessed strong agglomeration effects in all of the
 countries, leading progressively to core-periphery type specialisation,
 and increasing regional wage differentials. In the second part of the
 period, however, there is notable evidence of a reversal in the relative
 regional specialisation, pointing to a U-shaped pattern of relative
 regional wages. Using the regional data for five CEE countries in
 1990-2004 we argue that FDI inflows can be an important factor
 accelerating the observed regional adjustment process in the host country.
 First, we show that in four out of five CEE countries there is a
 significant U-shaped adjustment pattern of regional wages after they
 opened up to foreign trade. Second, we find robust econometric
 confirmation that in three of the five countries FDI has contributed
 significantly to faster adjustment of relative regional wages. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 163-189 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570041 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570041
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su-Yuan Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Su-Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Author-Name: Horng-Jinh Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Horng-Jinh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Author-Name: Tsangyao Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsangyao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Title: Revisiting purchasing power parity for nine transition countries: a Fourier stationary test 
Abstract:
  This study applies the stationarity test with a Fourier function proposed
 by Becker et al. to test the validity of long-run purchasing power parity
 (PPP) in a sample of transition countries from January 1995 to December
 2008. The empirical results indicate that PPP does not hold for most of
 the transition countries studied, with the exception of Lithuania. Our
 results have important policy implications for these transition countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 191-201 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570049 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570049
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:191-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rudolf Sivak 
Author-X-Name-First: Rudolf 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sivak 
Author-Name: Anetta Caplanova 
Author-X-Name-First: Anetta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Caplanova 
Author-Name: John Hudson 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson 
Title: The impact of governance and infrastructure on innovation 
Abstract:
  This article uses a recent wave of the World Bank Enterprise Survey to
 analyse four aspects of innovation: (i) the introduction of a new product
 or service, (ii) product/service upgrading, (iii) R&D and (iv) the
 licensing of technology. Good governance affects innovation on several
 dimensions. Bureaucracy, in the form of permits posing a problem for
 firms, can deter firms from innovating themselves, moving them towards the
 licensing of foreign technology, and corruption deters R&D. However, there
 is evidence of a negative impact of good and effective courts on
 innovation and R&D. Although perhaps slightly surprising, this is not
 inconsistent with much of the literature. In addition regional
 infrastructure, which is to varying degrees also determined by government
 policy, is significant in determining innovation. This includes transport,
 IT and financial infrastructure. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 203-217 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570050 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570050
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:203-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liesbeth Dries 
Author-X-Name-First: Liesbeth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dries 
Author-Name: Jan Fa&#x142;kowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fa&#x142;kowski 
Author-Name: Agata Malak-Rawlikowska 
Author-X-Name-First: Agata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malak-Rawlikowska 
Author-Name: Dominika Milczarek-Andrzejewska 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominika 
Author-X-Name-Last: Milczarek-Andrzejewska 
Title: Public policies and private initiatives in transition: evidence from the Polish dairy sector 
Abstract:
  The drivers of institutional change in Central and Eastern Europe have
 changed considerably since 1989. Taking these changes into account, we
 identify three - partly overlapping - transition stages: public policy
 changes dominated the start of transition, private initiatives became
 crucial in a second stage and, more recently, policy changes related to
 the EU accession process became the dominant drivers. We use unique
 primary interview data on the supply chain and farm household data to
 study the impact of these institutional changes on structural adjustments
 in the Polish dairy sector. We find distinct patterns in farm
 restructuring and link these results to specific institutional changes in
 the different transition stages. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 219-236 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570051 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570051
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:219-236




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Penka Kovacheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Penka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacheva 
Title: Human capital and wage inequality during transition: evidence from Bulgaria 
Abstract:
  This article examines changes in human capital returns and their impact
 on wage inequality during Bulgaria's transition to a market economy. Using
 household data spanning the transition period 1995-2003, I find that
 returns to human capital differ by age. Returns to experience are low as
 the market economy devalues experience acquired pre-1990. Returns to
 education also start low but increase over time. This increase is driven
 by young cohorts receiving higher returns for education acquired post-1990
 and middle-aged cohorts receiving higher returns over time. I estimate
 that these rising returns account for over 77% of the growth in wage
 inequality. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 237-255 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570052 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570052
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:237-255




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ping Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ping 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Title: The determinants of disparities in inward FDI flows to the three macro-regions of China 
Abstract:
  This study investigates the determinants of disparities in inward foreign
 direct investment (FDI) among the three macro-regions of China. A pooled
 ordinary least squares model (POLS) is employed using a panel dataset at
 the provincial level. Variations in economic openness (government's
 preferential policies) and industrial and economic development in terms of
 market size, human resources, agglomeration and infrastructure are the
 prime causes of the uneven regional distribution of FDI, which further
 widens income and economic development inequalities among the three
 macro-regions. To reduce the degree of regional disparity, the government
 should offer more extensive preferential policies attracting FDI,
 especially in energy, transport, resources, high and new technology
 industries, into the inland regions and increase government investment in
 education and infrastructure in these areas. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 257-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.570053 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.570053
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:2:p:257-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jens Holscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Jens 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holscher 
Author-Name: Cristiano Perugini 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristiano 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perugini 
Author-Name: Fabrizio Pompei 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabrizio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pompei 
Title: Wage inequality, labour market flexibility and duality in Eastern and Western Europe 
Abstract:
  In the last two decades a broad process of labour market reforms towards
 more flexible and liberal models has been taking place in Europe. For
 Central and Eastern European countries this evolution was an important
 dimension of the wider process of institutional change which accompanied
 their transition to market economies. This article presents the complex
 picture of EU countries at the outset of the recent crisis (2007) in terms
 of the components of earnings differentials, with particular emphasis on
 the dimensions of labour market flexibility identifiable with contractual
 arrangements (temporary versus permanent employment) and self-employment.
 Our main focus is on Central and Eastern European countries but we keep
 old EU members as benchmarks. Results highlight that different factors lie
 behind permanent/temporary and permanent/self-employed earnings gaps in
 the two regions. The dualism between regular and flexible jobs in the CEE
 labour market is mainly based on workers' attributes; in the Western EU
 the dualism is instead mainly driven by discrimination associated with
 labour positions. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 271-310 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595119 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595119
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:271-310




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masaaki Kuboniwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Masaaki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuboniwa 
Title: The Russian growth path and TFP changes in light of estimation of the production function using quarterly data 
Abstract:
  This article presents estimations of a Cobb-Douglas production function
 with a steady change in total factor productivity (TFP) for the Russian
 economy using quarterly data for the favourable period 1998Q3-2008Q2 and
 the period 1995Q1-2010Q2 as well. Compiling our baseline data on capital
 and labour adjusted for utilisation, we explicitly present estimations of
 the coefficients (the capital distribution ratio and TFP) of the
 production function, which show that TFP is the major growth source,
 followed by the capital contribution. We also show results of the
 measurement of Russia's GDP gaps as the differences between potential and
 actual GDP based on the production function and the Hodrick-Prescott
 filter. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 311-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595269 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595269
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:311-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olgica Ivancev 
Author-X-Name-First: Olgica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivancev 
Author-Name: Milena Jovicic 
Author-X-Name-First: Milena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jovicic 
Title: The effects of social policy on income inequality in Serbia 
Abstract:
  This article has two main goals. The first is to assess the effectiveness
 of social policy in Serbia by identifying its intensity, coverage,
 adequacy and targeting performance. The second goal is to compare the time
 and income group impact of different social policy programmes on income
 inequality, in order to derive policy recommendations. To this end, using
 statistical data from the Household Budget Survey 2006-09 which cover more
 than 4500 households per year, we have conducted the first research of
 this kind in Serbia. Various statistical and econometric means were used:
 Gini coefficients for income inequality, the Coady-Grosh-Hoddinott (CGH)
 index for targeting performance, the Newey-West (HAC) procedure and
 recursive regression, Error Component Two Stages Least Squares Method
 (EC-2SLS) for panel estimation. The confirmed hypotheses are that, in
 general, income inequality is decreasing as a consequence of certain
 social policy measures, except in the last observed year, due to the
 economic crisis, but that these effects are different in different income
 groups. In the conclusion certain policy recommendations are drawn
 concerning specific vulnerable groups and the need for redistribution of
 resources towards better targeted programmes. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 327-342 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595126 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595126
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:327-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Gauselmann 
Author-X-Name-First: A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gauselmann 
Author-Name: M. Knell 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knell 
Author-Name: J. Stephan 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stephan 
Title: What drives FDI in Central-Eastern Europe? Evidence from the IWH-FDI-Micro database 
Abstract:
  The focus of this article is on the match between strategic motives of
 foreign investors in Central-Eastern Europe and locational advantages
 offered by these countries. Our analysis makes use of the IWH-FDI-Micro
 database, a unique dataset that contains information from 2009 about the
 determinants of locational factors, technological activity of subsidiaries
 and potential for knowledge spillovers in the Czech Republic, Hungary,
 Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The analysis suggests that investors in
 these countries are mainly interested in low (unit) labour costs coupled
 with a well-trained and educated workforce and an expanding market with
 high growth rates in the purchasing power of potential buyers. It also
 suggests that the financial crisis reduced the attractiveness of the
 region as a source for localised knowledge and technology. There appears
 to be a match between investors' expectations and the quantitative supply
 of unqualified labour, though not for the supply of medium qualified
 workers. The analysis suggests that it is not technology-seeking investors
 that are particularly content with the capabilities of their host
 economies in terms of technological cooperation. Finally, technological
 cooperation within the local host economy is assessed more favourably with
 domestic firms than with local scientific institutions - an important
 message for domestic economic policy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 343-357 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595148 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595148
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:343-357




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiri Vecernik 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vecernik 
Title: Self-employment in the Czech Republic and CEE countries: persons and households 
Abstract:
  This article presents evidence on the development and patterns of
 self-employment in four Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries, with a
 special focus on the Czech Republic and in comparison with Austria and
 Germany. After a brief historical overview, it provides new comparative
 evidence on persons and households engaged in self-employment. First, the
 author points out the specific features of the development of these
 categories in communist and market regimes. Next, he shows in more detail
 the changes in the number and position of self-employed in the Czech
 Republic after 1990. Third, he draws on the EU Statistics on Income and
 Living Conditions (EU-SILC) to compare self-employed persons in CEE
 countries, Austria and Germany. Fourth, the same data source is used to
 describe couples and households of self-employed people and their incomes
 in comparison with employee households. While the shares of self-employed
 in the countries compared are becoming increasingly similar, there are
 still significant differences in the living conditions of the
 self-employed between and within them. Relative to employees, a certain
 polarisation in the situation of self-employed households is apparent. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 359-376 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595128 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595128
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:359-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zvezda Dermendzhieva 
Author-X-Name-First: Zvezda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dermendzhieva 
Title: Emigration from the South Caucasus: who goes abroad and what are the economic implications? 
Abstract:
  This article provides the first comparable cross-country empirical
 evidence on labour migration from the South Caucasus, based on a
 well-designed household survey from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. It
 quantifies recent emigration flows and provides preliminary evidence on
 the economic consequences of migration for the region. Results show that
 the most common destination for South Caucasian migrants is Russia and
 that the most common purpose of migration is to work abroad. An analysis
 of the demographic and socio-economic determinants of migration reveals
 that the migration flows do not involve mass emigration of skilled labour.
 However, this result is probably due to the relatively high cost of
 emigration to high-income countries. While individuals with higher
 education are not more likely to become migrants in general, having higher
 education is associated with up to four times higher probability of
 migration to a high-income OECD country among Armenians and Georgians. The
 results are in line with theoretical arguments that skill distribution and
 returns to education in the host country relative to the home country
 affect the selection of migrants, and that the cost of migration plays an
 important role in the migration decision. Further analysis suggests that
 migration indirectly boosts economic development in the South Caucasus by
 raising local incomes and demand. I also find a significant correlation
 between having a migrant and running a family business in Armenia, which
 suggests that migrants' earnings can provide scarce capital for business
 investment and support the development of the private sector in the
 region. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 377-398 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595135 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595135
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:377-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Title: Is there a consensus among Hungarian agricultural economists? 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the degree of consensus among Hungarian
 agricultural economists on specific propositions on the basis of a survey
 using a consensus index. In comparison with previous studies of
 agricultural economists this study finds much more diversity among them.
 In contrast to earlier studies, we found no evidence that there was a
 difference in views between positive and normative propositions. The
 results suggest that personal characteristics of agricultural economists,
 such as age, occupation and educational background may have an influence
 on the pattern of responses. We also found some support for the role of
 positive and normative influences when it comes to policy judgement. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 399-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.595137 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2011.595137
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:3:p:399-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diemo Dietrich 
Author-X-Name-First: Diemo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietrich 
Author-Name: Tobias Knedlik 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knedlik 
Author-Name: Axel Lindner 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindner 
Title: Central and Eastern European countries in the global financial crisis: a typical twin crisis? 
Abstract:
  This article shows that during the Great Recession banking and currency
 crises occurred simultaneously in Central and Eastern Europe. Events,
 however, differed widely from what happened during the Asian crisis that
 usually serves as the model case for the concept of twin crises. We look
 at three elements that help to explain the nature of events in Central and
 Eastern Europe: the problem of currency mismatches, the relation between
 currency and banking crises and the importance of multinational banks for
 financial stability. We show that theoretical considerations concerning
 internal capital markets of multinational banks help us understand what
 happened on capital markets and in the financial sector of the region. We
 discuss opposing effects of multinational banking on financial stability
 and find that institutional differences are the key to understanding
 different effects of the global financial crisis. In particular, we argue
 that it matters whether international activities are organised by
 subsidiaries or by cross-border financial services, how large the share of
 foreign currency-denominated credit is and whether the exchange rate is
 fixed or flexible. Based on these three criteria we give an explanation
 why the pattern of the crisis in the Baltic countries differed markedly
 from that in Poland and the Czech Republic, the two largest countries of
 the region. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 415-432 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622561 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622561 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:415-432




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nikolay Nenovsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nenovsky 
Author-Name: Patrick Villieu 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villieu 
Title: EU enlargement and monetary regimes from the insurance model perspective 
Abstract:
  It is widely observed and recognised that economic behaviour in the
 post-communist countries changed after these countries joined the European
 Union. The insurance model of currency crises proposed by Dooley, after
 being modified and interpreted within a broader conceptual meaning,
 provides good possibilities for analysing the whole process of
 post-communist transformation and EU accession. This article offers an
 empirical illustration of the theoretical model using the examples of
 Bulgaria and Romania. These two Balkan countries, the latest members of
 the EU (since 2007), have radically different monetary regimes --
 respectively a currency board and inflation targeting. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 433-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622563 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622563 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:433-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariusz Pr&#xF3;chniak 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariusz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pr&#xF3;chniak 
Title: Determinants of economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe: the global crisis perspective 
Abstract:
  This article presents an empirical analysis of economic growth
 determinants in the 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries
 Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
 Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The analysis covers the period 1993--2009.
 All the calculations are performed on five three-year subperiods and one
 two-year subperiod: 1993--95, 1996--98, 1999--2001, 2002--04, 2005--07 and
 2008--09. The analysis is composed of three steps: data selection,
 correlation analysis and regression analysis. The correlation analysis is
 based on the coefficient of partial correlation to exclude the impact of
 the global crisis. In the regression analysis we build 10 alternative
 variants of empirical models of economic growth. Our results suggest that
 the most important economic growth determinants in the CEE countries are
 investment rate (including FDI), human capital measured by the education
 level of the labour force, financial sector development, good fiscal
 stance (low budget deficit and low public debt), economic structure (high
 services share in GDP), low interest rates and low inflation, population
 structure (high share of working-age population), development of
 information technology and communications, high private sector share in
 GDP and favourable institutional environment (economic freedom, progress
 in market and structural reforms). Our study indicates that the CEE
 countries have developed in line with the hypothesis of income level
 convergence (both in absolute and conditional terms). This means that less
 developed CEE economies grew on average faster than more developed ones. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 449-468 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622566 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622566 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:449-468




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman 
Author-Name: Evgeny Vinokurov 
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinokurov 
Title: Is it really different? Patterns of regionalisation in post-Soviet Central Asia 
Abstract:
  This article examines the prospects of regional economic integration in
 Central Asia from the point of view of the extent of actual economic
 interdependencies in the region, using a new and unique dataset. We find
 that Central Asian states tend to be integrated with other countries of
 the former Soviet Union rather than with each other; the advantage that
 the Central Asian states had in terms of regional integration has been
 rapidly disappearing over recent decades. While currently Russia and the
 former Soviet Union outperform China as the key economic partners for
 Central Asia, there is a clear trend towards an increase in economic links
 to China. Finally, we find that Central Asian states are pro-active in
 creating new economic links in Eurasia: the role of Kazakhstan, in
 particular, should be noted from this perspective. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 469-492 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.623392 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.623392 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:469-492




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Avdasheva 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Avdasheva 
Author-Name: Andrei Shastitko 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shastitko 
Title: Russian anti-trust policy: power of enforcement <italic>versus</italic> quality of rules 
Abstract:
  In recent years the role of anti-monopoly policy in Russia has grown
 significantly. The enforcement power of the anti-trust agency has
 increased dramatically. At the same time adverse trends in competition
 policy have emerged and strengthened. The main reason was, paradoxically,
 a growing role of anti-trust policy in the Russian government. The
 enforcement of anti-trust rules is expected to result immediately in
 control of the price level and/or support of a defined group of market
 participants (e.g. suppliers of food products). In this context legal
 rules are changing in a way that leads to an increase in the number of
 false positives (type I errors) in anti-trust cases. False positives not
 only impose a burden on the accused but also distort the incentives of
 market participants, restrain potentially efficient business practices and
 also paradoxically can prevent competition. This article considers three
 examples of adverse development of anti-trust rules in Russia: regulation
 of trading activity, rules on collusion and excessive prices of
 collectively dominant market participants, and rules on discrimination as
 an abuse of a dominant position. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 493-505 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622571 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622571 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:493-505




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Innovative actions and innovation (in)capabilities of Russian industrial companies: a further extension of observations 
Abstract:
  This article reports the results of a further extension of a
 quasi-longitudinal survey among top corporate executives in Russian
 industry, presenting a snapshot of current innovation actions and
 innovation capabilities of Russian enterprises. Through comparison of the
 responses from the 2004 and 2010 surveys, changes in the business and
 management of Russian companies are examined. The perceived abilities to
 perform particular stages of innovation projects have significantly
 increased and Russian companies successfully use contractors for various
 types of innovation activity. However, the intensity of innovations
 remains low and the resources that can be utilised to create innovations
 at Russian CEOs' disposal remain limited as few actual innovation projects
 satisfy the criteria imposed by Russian owners to improve the overall
 profitability of the firm. The owner's criteria for evaluating innovation
 effectiveness particularly impede radical product innovations and
 breakthrough innovations in production technologies. The results of this
 study indicate that the relationship between the perception of innovative
 capabilities by CEOs and the intensity of innovations proved to be a
 valuable research construct and this suggests that comparative study of
 innovation capabilities of firms in emerging and developed economies would
 be a profitable extension of this research. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 507-516 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622572 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622572 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:507-516




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Djula Borozan 
Author-X-Name-First: Djula 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borozan 
Title: Granger causality and innovation accounting analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism in Croatia 
Abstract:
  This article explores the pass-through of different monetary policy
 channels to inflation in Croatia between January 1998 and December 2009.
 Using a four-step procedure: unit root test, co-integration test, Granger
 causality and innovation accounting techniques, we find that
 (<italic>i</italic>) interest rates, credits and the nominal exchange rate
 do not Granger-cause inflation individually; however, they do with nominal
 M1 money supply jointly at lag two; (<italic>ii</italic>) the nominal
 effective exchange rate is the most important pass-through to inflation
 statistically, accounting for approximately 11% of forecast error variance
 after four years; (<italic>iii</italic>) credits and nominal M1 have very
 small portions in explaining variations in the total variance of
 inflation; and (<italic>iv</italic>) the nominal interest rate is the
 weakest but statistically significant channel to inflation in the long
 run. These results are discussed within the Croatian monetary framework
 and future developments of monetary channels in Central and Eastern
 European countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 517-537 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622575 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622575 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:517-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Simonovska 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonovska 
Author-Name: Jerker Nilsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson 
Title: Conditions for structural change in the Macedonian dairy industry -- the dairy farmers' choice of processors 
Abstract:
  Dairying is important in Macedonia though the industry is not seen as
 competitive internationally. New governance structures are required. The
 aim of this study is to identify the conditions for behavioural changes by
 Macedonian dairy farmers regarding their choice of dairy processors. Data
 were collected through interviews with 30 farmers. The findings indicate a
 pattern: smallholders sell to small processors and large farmers sell to
 large processors. Transaction cost economics provide explanations. There
 is human asset specificity in the form of personal relations between the
 smallholders and the small processors. Physical asset specificity exists
 as the smallholders produce low quality milk, which large processors do
 not buy. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 539-551 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2011 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2011.622577 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2011.622577 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:23:y:2011:i:4:p:539-551




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tina Volk 
Author-X-Name-First: Tina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Volk 
Author-Name: Miroslav Rednak 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rednak 
Author-Name: Emil Erjavec 
Author-X-Name-First: Emil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erjavec 
Title: Western Balkans agriculture and European integration: unused potential and policy failures? 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to provide an analysis of the
 development and current situation in agriculture and agricultural policy
 in Western Balkan countries (WBs) in relation to the EU accession process.
 Most WBs have quite high but unused potential for agriculture. The
 small-scale and fragmented nature of private farming remains a general
 characteristic of agriculture in all WBs. After a decline in the volume of
 agricultural production due to transition and armed conflicts an increase
 seems to have set in for WBs since 2000. However, yields still lag behind
 the EU average in all WBs, particularly in the livestock sector. In
 general, agricultural producer prices are rather high, mostly above the EU
 average, indicating weak price competitiveness for most WB products.
 Serbia is the only net exporter of agricultural and food products.
 Budgetary transfers to agriculture have been at a low level, except in
 Croatia, but mostly are increasing rapidly. The WBs lack a stable
 agricultural policy and a true strategy of reforms and adjustment to EU
 requirements. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 111-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647631 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647631 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:111-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Istvan Magas 
Author-X-Name-First: Istvan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magas 
Title: External shocks and limited absorption in a small open economy: the case of Hungary 
Abstract:
  This article reflects on the shock absorption experience of a small open
 economy. The main questions asked are: why and how can a strong external
 financial orientation lead to amplified external shocks in a small open
 economy; and whether the shocks could have been better absorbed or
 dampened with some foresight? Our answer is in the affirmative as we
 indicate that the dangers of extended foreign currency exposure were known
 from the literature and from other small countries' experience. However,
 we argue that for Hungary a fully effective defence, let alone full
 absorption of the shocks, was not possible by any measure; nor was it
 offered by any known policy measures of standard theories. The article
 outlines the general world economic conditions during the crisis period
 and follows with Hungary-specific features and vulnerabilities in order to
 identify crucial points of crisis management and economic policy
 formation. Data series cover 2004--10, with expectations for 2011. This
 six-year period represents Hungary's economic development path after EU
 accession. We demonstrate that the capacity of a non-eurozone small open
 economy for external shock absorbing, and for applying standard
 crisis-dampening instruments, fiscal or monetary, was very limited.
 Successful external shock absorption, with large foreign debt exposure, is
 more challenging than the profession or the general public might think. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647626 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647626 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:1-14




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oscar Bajo-Rubio 
Author-X-Name-First: Oscar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bajo-Rubio 
Author-Name: Carmen D�az-Rold&#xE1;n 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen 
Author-X-Name-Last: D�az-Rold&#xE1;n 
Title: Do exports cause growth? Some evidence for the new EU members 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the relationship between international trade and
 economic growth from the point of view of one of the most traditional
 hypotheses within this field, namely, the export-led growth hypothesis. To
 this end, we apply Granger-causality tests, in a cointegration framework,
 to data on exports and GDP of the eight CEECs that became members of the
 EU in 2004. The results find some support for the export-led growth
 hypothesis only in the case of the Czech Republic, while no significant
 causality in any direction was found in the remaining cases. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 125-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647632 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647632 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:125-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darek Klonowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Darek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klonowski 
Title: Innovation propensity of the SME sector in emerging markets: evidence from Poland 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the need for further understanding of innovation
 among firms in the SME sector in Poland. The study focuses on the analysis
 of primary data. The sample size was equal to 500 firms from the SME
 sector, of which 273 agreed to participate in the study. The study offers
 two major conclusions. First, it confirms that there is no one typical
 challenge the SME sector faces with respect to its approach to innovation.
 The challenges to innovation can be discerned along three dimensions:
 innovation conceptualisation, innovation implementation and functional
 area innovation. Second, the data confirm that Polish SME firms generally
 struggle with commercialisation. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 133-143 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647633 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647633 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:133-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Witold Wilinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Witold 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilinski 
Title: Internationalisation through the Warsaw Stock Exchange: an empirical analysis 
Abstract:
  This article presents the results of empirical research relating to
 internationalisation of Polish companies. The analysis relates mainly to
 motives for undertaking investment, methods of financing, ownership
 structure and one aspect of institutional environment, i.e. the Polish
 mandatory pension fund system. The research was based on a sample of 400
 large and medium-size companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, out
 of which 96 companies conducting international activities were selected.
 The time range covers the years 2000--10, and in the case of annual
 financial statements 2009 is the last year of the research period. The
 results may be helpful both in further theoretical analyses of
 internationalisation of companies from CEE and other emerging markets and
 may also represent a significant practical value for the management of the
 companies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 145-154 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647634 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647634 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:145-154




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C�line Bonnefond 
Author-X-Name-First: C�line 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnefond 
Author-Name: Matthieu Cl�ment 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cl�ment 
Title: An analysis of income polarisation in rural and urban China 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to contribute to the analysis of Chinese
 income inequality by focusing more specifically on income polarisation,
 which captures both alienation (i.e. heterogeneity between income groups)
 and identification (i.e. homogeneity within groups). The empirical
 investigations conducted as part of this research are based on the China
 Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2006 and indicate that
 Chinese household income is strongly polarised. After a period of
 stagnation between 1989 and 1997, the degree of polarisation increased
 significantly between 1997 and 2006, indicating the constitution of
 identified groups in middle and upper income ranges. Although the level of
 income polarisation is higher in rural areas, the increase in polarisation
 is far more conspicuous in urban areas, suggesting that the risk of social
 tensions is more pregnant in Chinese cities. The analysis of the sources
 of income polarisation in rural areas shows that the increase in
 polarisation is closely linked to non-agricultural opportunities. In urban
 areas the emergence of identified groups in middle and upper income
 classes can be explained both by the sharp decline in subsidies and by the
 liberalisation of the urban labour market and state enterprises. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 15-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647972 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647972 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:15-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iva Tomi&#x107; 
Author-X-Name-First: Iva 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tomi&#x107; 
Author-Name: Polona Domadenik 
Author-X-Name-First: Polona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Domadenik 
Title: Matching, adverse selection and labour market flows in a (post)transition setting: the case of Croatia 
Abstract:
  This article studies employment prospects of different types of job
 seekers in Croatia by upgrading the model of adverse selection with firing
 costs. Based on Labour Force Survey data for 1996--2006 we find the
 existence of adverse selection in the Croatian labour market. Reservation
 wage, as the main determinant of firing costs in the model, positively
 affects the probability of changing job for employed job seekers, while it
 has a negative impact on the probability of &#x2018;switching&#x2019; for
 unemployed job seekers. However, if reservation wage is treated as
 endogenous in the model, instrumental variable estimation shows that its
 effect on the probability of &#x2018;switching&#x2019; becomes positive
 and significant only for the unemployed group. This is explained by the
 effect of educational attainment, which serves as the
 &#x2018;instrument&#x2019; and obviously works as an efficient signal for
 workers' productivity among the unemployed. Nevertheless, the effect of
 reservation wage on employment probabilities for both groups is declining
 over time, especially after the legislative reform in 2004, indicating a
 lower impact of firing costs. Finally, the hypothesis on
 self-discrimination of the unemployed receiving unemployment benefits is
 tested, showing a positive impact of unemployment benefits on the
 reservation wage and a negative one on the probability of finding a job. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 39-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647969 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647969 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:39-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amina Ahec �onje
Author-X-Name-First: Amina Ahec
Author-X-Name-Last: �onje
Author-Name: Anita Ceh Casni
Author-X-Name-First: Anita Ceh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Casni
Author-Name: Maru�ka Vizek
Author-X-Name-First: Maru�ka
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizek
Title: Does housing wealth affect private consumption in European post-transition countries? Evidence from linear and threshold models 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the relationship between housing wealth and
 consumption for four European post-transition economies: Bulgaria,
 Croatia, Estonia and the Czech Republic. We use a vector error correction
 model and a threshold error correction model in order to asses the
 long-run and the short-run responsiveness of consumption to permanent
 changes in housing wealth. We find evidence supporting the existence of
 the housing wealth effect in all four countries, the strength of which is
 comparable with developed countries' wealth effect. In Bulgaria, Croatia
 and Estonia the response of consumption to housing wealth changes is
 characterised by threshold effects, while in the Czech Republic the wealth
 effect is detected only in the linear framework. The error correction
 model estimates suggest aggregate consumption adjusts to deviations from
 the long-run equilibrium; however, in countries where the wealth effect is
 characterised by threshold effects this adjustment process is partial and
 takes place when consumption is below levels warranted by the
 fundamentals. We also find evidence of relatively strong consumption
 persistence in three of the four countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 73-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647629 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647629 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:73-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazuhiro Kumo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumo 
Title: Tajik labour migrants and their remittances: is Tajik migration pro-poor? 
Abstract:
  During the four years since 2006 Tajikistan, a former Soviet republic,
 has led the world in the receipt of foreign remittances as a proportion of
 GDP. Needless to say, the key reasons for this are the low income levels
 in Tajikistan and the country's special relationship with Russia, which
 has been enjoying rapid economic growth. Yet while interest in the
 relationship between migration and foreign remittances has existed for a
 long time, not many studies have looked at this region. This article uses
 household survey forms from two points in time to profile households in
 Tajikistan and international labour migration by Tajiks, and examines the
 relationship between household income levels in Tajikistan, the poorest of
 the former Soviet republics, and foreign remittances received from
 international labour migrants and the likelihood of migrants being
 supplied. It finds no correlation between household income levels and
 amounts of money received from abroad, which suggests that altruistic
 models of the relationship between migration and remittances do not apply.
 Moreover, it also finds that households with high incomes are more likely
 to supply migrants, indicating that international labour migration from
 Tajikistan may not be pro-poor. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 87-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012  
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.647630 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.647630 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:1:p:87-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enrico Marelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marelli 
Author-Name: Roberto Patuelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patuelli 
Author-Name: Marcello Signorelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcello 
Author-X-Name-Last: Signorelli 
Title: Regional unemployment in the EU before and after the global crisis 
Abstract:
  This article empirically assesses the evolution of European regions in
 terms of both employment and unemployment during the recent financial
 crisis and global recession. Our specific research questions are as
 follows: (i) has there been a reversal in employment and unemployment
 dynamics at a regional level during the crisis (2007--10) compared with
 the previous period (2004--07)? (ii) have the western regions
 (&#x2018;old&#x2019; EU states) behaved differently in response to the
 crisis compared with the eastern regions (NMS)? Finally, (iii) are the
 differences between the two groups of regions related to structural or
 institutional variables? After a review of the literature on the key
 determinants of regional unemployment, we summarise our main findings
 concerning the impact of the global crisis on the labour market. Our
 econometric investigation aims to answer the questions we pose. Structural
 characteristics are considered in terms of sector specialisation of
 regional economies. In addition, we consider certain institutional
 characteristics, by including indicators of the share of temporary workers
 and of long-term unemployed. Our analysis is then targeted at sub-samples
 of western and eastern European regions: we show that the critical factors
 for labour market performance during the crisis in these two groups differ
 greatly. From a methodological viewpoint, we exploit a spatial filtering
 technique which allowed us to greatly reduce any unobserved variable bias
 -- a significant problem in cross-sectional models -- by accounting for
 latent unobserved spatial patterns. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 155-175 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675153 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675153 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:155-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rostislav Kapelyushnikov 
Author-X-Name-First: Rostislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapelyushnikov 
Author-Name: Andrei Kuznetsov 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsov 
Author-Name: Olga Kuznetsova 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsova 
Title: The role of the informal sector, flexible working time and pay in the Russian labour market model 
Abstract:
  Unlike most other transition economies in Europe, in Russia correlation
 between employment dynamics and GDP dynamics has been weak, contributing
 to a relatively low rate of unemployment. This article seeks to explain
 this phenomenon by investigating a combination of inefficient enforcement
 of labour regulations and the emergence of a vast informal sector of the
 labour market, leading to the unusually broad implementation of flexible
 working time and flexible pay, as a critical factor in the stabilisation
 of employment in the country. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 177-190 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675154 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675154 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:177-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Demidova 
Author-X-Name-First: Olga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Demidova 
Author-Name: Marcello Signorelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcello 
Author-X-Name-Last: Signorelli 
Title: Determinants of youth unemployment in Russian regions 
Abstract:
  In spite of a growing body of literature investigating the determinants
 of youth unemployment, studies at sub-national level are still scarce,
 especially for Russian regions. This article is an innovative attempt to
 analyse econometrically the key factors affecting the youth unemployment
 rate and the ratio between youth and total unemployment rates for 75
 Russian regions in 2000--09. The existing literature on regional labour
 market performance and dynamics suggested the use of a large set of
 explanatory variables (with indicators of the level of economic
 development, the demographic situation and migration processes, and the
 export--import levels) in a GMM panel data analysis, taking into account
 both spatial correlation and endogeneity problems. Although we were
 searching for structural determinants, we also investigated the effect of
 the 2008--09 financial crisis. The econometric results, presented and
 discussed using several models, have key policy implications for both
 national and regional levels of government. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 191-217 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675155 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675155 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:191-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanislaw Cichocki 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanislaw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cichocki 
Title: Self-employment and the business cycle: evidence from Poland 
Abstract:
  Two reasons for undertaking self-employment can be distinguished. The
 first treats self-employment as the only way of avoiding unemployment.
 According to this view self-employment is countercylical and acts as a
 buffer. The second reason emphasises the entrepreneurial, risk-taking
 nature of self-employment, which according to this view is procyclical and
 similar to wage employment. This article examines these views by looking
 at labour market flows obtained from the Polish LFS. As the self-employed
 account for about 20% of the working population in Poland knowledge about
 their behaviour over the business cycle is of particular importance. The
 results point to countercyclical behaviour of self-employed farmers and
 the entrepreneurial nature of own-account workers and entrepreneurs with
 employees. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 219-239 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675157 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675157 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:219-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski 
Author-X-Name-First: Nikica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mojsoska-Blazevski 
Title: Taxation of labour: the effect of labour taxes and costs on employment in Macedonia 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of tax and
 social contributions reforms on employment in Macedonia, through
 estimating a labour demand function over the period 1998:Q1--2010:Q3. The
 results are used to establish a foundation for an evidence-based policy
 for increasing employment in a country with high unemployment, while
 recognising the reality of budget constraints. The article disaggregates
 the total tax wedge into an income tax wedge and a social contributions
 wedge, in order to test the argument that the main burden on labour in
 transition economies stems from social contributions and not from income
 taxation, mainly due to the dominance of unskilled jobs in those
 countries. We also impose a control for the introduction of the gross wage
 concept in 2009, which is said to have had the effect of reducing the
 informal economy. We find that the reduction of social contributions has a
 significant effect on employment in Macedonia, ranging from 0.9 to 3.1
 percentage points. The effect of the income tax wedge is found to be
 insignificant. Moreover, the estimates relating to the gross wage concept
 and the associated measures provide some evidence for the view that the
 reform generated a transfer from the informal economy into formal
 employment, thus most probably shrinking the grey economy in the country. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 241-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675158 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675158 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:241-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Bruna 
Author-X-Name-First: Karel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruna 
Author-Name: Jaroslava Durc�kov�
Author-X-Name-First: Jaroslava 
Author-X-Name-Last: Durc�kov�
Title: Banking system liquidity absorption and monetary base backing in the context of exchange rate policy in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary 
Abstract:
  This article deals with the choice of exchange rate regime in transition
 economies, accumulation of foreign exchange (FX) reserves in balance
 sheets of central banks and its consequences in overall excess banking
 system liquidity. The case of banking system liquidity surplus is analysed
 focusing on creation of liquidity through FX intervention in a regime of
 fixed or managed exchange rates. In addition the article focuses on the
 main sources of liquidity absorption in the long run and on stability of
 monetary base backing by net foreign assets of the central bank in the
 context of trend appreciation of the domestic currency typical for
 transition economies. Last but not least, the article examines the speed
 of FX reserves decline in emerging FX markets and the implications of the
 exchange rate regime for both exchange rate volatility and foreign
 exchange market structure. The problems are analysed and compared using
 the examples of the Czech Republic (CR), Poland and Hungary in 1999--2009.
 The analysis focuses on the main differences in exchange rate policies,
 the level of liquidity surplus, cost of sterilisation, main sources of
 liquidity absorption and volatility of exchange rates. We find that
 absorption is influenced by the volume of excess liquidity and cost of
 sterilisation, which reflect the level of the main policy rate. The trend
 growth of currency in circulation is a key source of liquidity absorption
 in all central banks. Decline of FX reserves is a limited source of
 absorption owing to the lower liquidity of FX markets in the CR, Poland
 and Hungary. It is not possible to confirm a hypothesis of higher exchange
 rate volatility under floating regimes in CR and Poland as the Hungarian
 forint in a fixed rate regime suffers from higher volatility due to
 macroeconomic instability. Trend appreciation causes a decrease in the
 backing of the monetary base by net foreign assets but still both currency
 in circulation and banks' reserves are fully backed by net foreign assets
 of central banks. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 257-275 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675159 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675159 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:257-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Golikova 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golikova 
Author-Name: Ksenia Gonchar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ksenia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonchar 
Author-Name: Boris Kuznetsov 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsov 
Title: Does international trade provide incentives for efficient behaviour of Russian manufacturing firms? 
Abstract:
  This article studies the relationship between exporting and past
 productivity at the firm level. Panel data from two surveys of Russian
 manufacturing firms conducted in 2005 and 2009 are used. We analyse the
 difference between continuing and new exporters, and study how drivers to
 exporting differ if firms export to CIS or high-wage advanced countries.
 We find empirical evidence for the self-selection hypothesis: both
 continuing and new exporters are more productive and larger than
 non-exporters and export quitters. Path dependence in the nature of
 foreign trade ceased to exist: serving the markets of the former Soviet
 Union requires the same productivity advantage as exporting to the
 developed countries. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-289 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675163 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675163 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:277-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Achim Ahrens 
Author-X-Name-First: Achim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahrens 
Author-Name: Joachim Zweynert 
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zweynert 
Title: Conditionality or specificity? Bulgaria and Romania's economic transition performance in comparative perspective 
Abstract:
  The differences in transition performance among the former socialist
 countries in Central and Eastern Europe have sometimes been traced back to
 specific historical or cultural legacies without sufficiently taking into
 account the impact of EU conditionality. In this context the cases of
 Bulgaria and Romania are particularly interesting, because these countries
 belonged to the laggard group before they were exposed to EU
 conditionality from the late 1990s on and since then have improved their
 transition performance. Thus an empirical analysis of their transition
 performance before and after EU conditionality set in might improve our
 understanding of the relative importance of specific historical and
 cultural traits on the one hand and of EU conditionality on the other for
 transition performance. This article applies the before/after and
 with/without approaches well known from economic conditionality research
 and relates them to Milada Anna Vachudova's politico-economic analysis of
 the impact of conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 291-307 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.675160 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.675160 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:2:p:291-307




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Winiecki 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winiecki 
Title: Russia and China facing the &#x2018;Great Wall&#x2019;: how to succeed in the second structural transition 
Abstract:
  This article looks at the prospects of two emerging economic powers,
 Russia and China, to become major players in the world economy. The main
 economic thesis formulated by the author is that economies not only grow,
 but also undergo structural change. And to successfully accomplish second
 structural change -- from the industry-driven to human capital-intensive
 services driven economy -- it is not enough to increase economic freedom.
 Civic and even political freedom must emerge or increase to stand a chance
 to pass the &#x2018;Great Wall&#x2019;. Russia and China are, then,
 analyzed from the foregoing perspective. Additionally, many structural and
 economic policy distortions are pointed at in the case of both countries.
 Moreover, in the case of Russia, it is stressed that it is not so much an
 emerging power, but the failed superpower of the past. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 309-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705467 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705467 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:309-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oleksandr Shepotylo 
Author-X-Name-First: Oleksandr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shepotylo 
Title: Spatial complementarity of FDI: the example of transition countries 
Abstract:
  This article investigates spatial determinants of FDI location. In
 particular, it focuses on FDI in neighbouring countries and foreign market
 potential for a panel of 25 transition countries in 1993--2010. The
 spatial FDI spillovers are found to be positive and economically large.
 Moreover, omitting spatial FDI leads to a serious misspecification of the
 model explaining FDI location and biases estimation of the coefficient of
 the foreign market potential variable, which is found to be a non-robust
 determinant of FDI location. The spatial complementarity is stronger for
 disaggregated data such as bilateral FDI and sector level FDI. There is
 substantial heterogeneity of spatial FDI spillovers across sectors.
 Spillovers are large and positive for services sectors and non-significant
 or even negative for manufacturing sectors. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 327-349 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705468 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705468 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:327-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olexandr Nekhay 
Author-X-Name-First: Olexandr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nekhay 
Author-Name: Thomas Fellmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fellmann 
Author-Name: Stephan   Hubertus Gay 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan   Hubertus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gay 
Title: A free trade agreement between Ukraine and the European Union: potential effects on agricultural markets and farmers' revenues 
Abstract:
  Ukraine and the EU are currently negotiating a deep and comprehensive
 free trade agreement (FTA). Such a FTA can be expected to comprise
 opportunities as well as challenges for both the EU and Ukraine and to
 have an impact on agricultural markets. This article provides a
 model-based quantitative assessment of the potential impact of a FTA on
 agricultural commodity markets and farmers' revenues in the EU and
 Ukraine. For the quantitative analysis the dynamic, partial equilibrium
 model AGLINK--COSIMO has been adapted and applied. The analysis focuses on
 the bilateral trade positions and not on the effect on other countries.
 The simulation of a FTA between the EU and Ukraine was done through the
 elimination of import tariffs for the main agricultural commodities. The
 results of the simulation indicate a positive change in producer revenue
 of EUR 393 million (+2.6%) in Ukraine and EUR 860 million (+0.4%) in the
 EU. So this FTA entails benefits for the agricultural sectors of both
 trading partners. However, gains from a FTA are not distributed
 homogeneously and vary significantly among commodities. Ukrainian
 agricultural producers should also be prepared to meet the challenges
 involved in the necessity to comply with the quality and sanitary
 standards of the EU. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 351-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705469 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705469 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:351-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magdolna Sass 
Author-X-Name-First: Magdolna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sass 
Title: Internationalisation of innovative SMEs in the Hungarian medical precision instruments industry 
Abstract:
  Competitive and innovative Hungarian SMEs in the medical precision
 instruments sector can be characterised by continuous development, special
 knowledge and innovation activity. These are the main factors behind their
 high level of competitiveness and higher than average level of
 internationalisation. Certain companies could become leading firms in
 worldwide comparison in niche segments, and there are a few companies
 which internationalised early in the company life cycle and can be called
 &#x2018;emerging born globals&#x2019;. Thus post-communist economies can
 also be homes to such companies. This article analyses the motivation of
 internationalisation, the choice of foreign location and the main barriers
 to internationalisation for SMEs in this sector in Hungary, pointing out
 the similarities and differences between problems faced by smaller
 companies in former transition economies and in more developed economies. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 365-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705470 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705470 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:365-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: An&#x17E;e Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: An&#x17E;e 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Andreja Jakli&#x10D; 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakli&#x10D; 
Author-Name: Matija Rojec 
Author-X-Name-First: Matija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojec 
Title: The effectiveness of investment incentives: the Slovenian FDI Co-financing Grant Scheme 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the effectiveness of the main instrument of
 Slovenian FDI policy, the 'FDI Co-financing Grant Scheme'. We look at the
 post-grant performance of foreign subsidiaries that received grants in
 2000--09 using a double-track approach: calculation of performance premia
 of subsidised foreign subsidiaries, based on financial statements data, as
 suggested by Bernard and Jensen, and a questionnaire survey to tackle
 those qualitative aspects of subsidiaries' operations which are used in
 the official evaluation of grant applications. Subsidised foreign
 subsidiaries on average show better performance than comparable local
 companies and better qualitative characteristics than non-subsidised
 foreign subsidiaries. The main objectives of the scheme, creation of new
 capacity and jobs in export-oriented activities, have been achieved. The
 quality of this quantitative increase is more of a question; the data do
 not indicate any real breakthroughs in technological intensity, human
 resource development or productivity. In terms of technology and skills
 subsidised FDI projects remain more or less on the level of average
 Slovenian firms. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 383-401 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705471 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705471 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:383-401




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jana Fritzsch 
Author-X-Name-First: Jana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritzsch 
Title: Is non-farm income diversification a feasible option for small-scale farmers? An assessment using a composite fuzzy indicator 
Abstract:
  European politicians encourage the income diversification of rural
 households through various measures. Although a knowledge of farm
 households&#x2019; potential for non-farm income diversification seems
 important for finely targeting such policy measures, thus far no attempt
 has been made to summarise the various determinants of income
 diversification in a single figure. This contribution aims to close this
 gap. A composite fuzzy indicator that measures farm households&#x2019;
 potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to
 626 small-scale farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and
 Slovenia. The indicator summarises the incentives and capacities for
 non-farm income diversification on the individual household member level
 and on the household and regional levels in a single measure using fuzzy
 logic methodology. The composite fuzzy indicator performs well and the
 results for the single small-scale farm households can easily be retraced.
 The indicator not only singles out the households that have the potential
 for non-farm income diversification but also shows the reasons for this.
 The indicator shows that most of the 626 households studied have a high
 potential for non-farm income diversification and that all are pushed
 toward diversification by the small size of their farms. The composite
 fuzzy indicator also identifies farm households that are trapped in a
 desperate situation due to unfavourable chances of finding a job in the
 labour market and long distances to the nearest large urban centre.
 Decision makers could utilise the composite fuzzy indicator to finely
 target diversification measures to the multifaceted conditions of farm
 households. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 403-417 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705473 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705473 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:403-417




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zolt&#xE1;n Bakucs 
Author-X-Name-First: Zolt&#xE1;n 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bakucs 
Author-Name: Jan Fa&#x142;kowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fa&#x142;kowski 
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Title: Price transmission in the milk sectors of Poland and Hungary 
Abstract:
  Rapid and thorough changes have recently taken place in the dairy supply
 chain in the whole of Central and Eastern Europe. Growing concerns have
 been expressed that these changes may negatively affect farmers' relative
 position vis-a-vis the downstream industry, owing to market power
 exercised by the latter. This article investigates the price transmission
 mechanism in two countries from the region, Poland and Hungary, and
 contrasts the results with dairy market organisations specific to these
 countries. Using cointegrated vector autoregression and controlling for
 potential structural breaks, it is shown that Polish milk prices, unlike
 Hungarian ones, are characterised by short-term and long-term asymmetries.
 We discuss a number of potential explanations for these results, and
 consider, among others, differences between the dairy chain structures and
 the role of FDI. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 419-432 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.705474 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.705474 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:3:p:419-432




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zoya Mladenova 
Author-X-Name-First: Zoya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mladenova 
Title: The dual challenge still ahead: economic theory and economic policy in Bulgaria after accession to the European Union 
Abstract:
  This article aims to cast some light on contemporary economic research
 and policy in Bulgaria. It opposes the prevailing understanding among
 economists in Bulgaria that after accession to the EU the country has
 become a normally functioning market economy and all its problems have to
 be discussed from this perspective. The Bulgarian economy, in the author's
 view, remains very specific in nature, the on-going transformation
 processes being a very important part of national economic development at
 present. Two conclusions follow: for economic theory -- the necessity to
 deal with the transformation problems as a very important but neglected
 part of contemporary economic development; for economic policy -- the
 necessity for economists to start talking about continuing the economic
 reforms (in the context of the transition from plan to market). 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 433-439 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729303 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729303 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2011:i:4:p:433-439




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mar�a C. Latorre 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar�a C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latorre 
Title: Industry restructuring in transition after the arrival of multinationals: a general equilibrium analysis with firm-type costs differences 
Abstract:
  The arrival of multinationals (MNEs) in transition economies brings about
 a process of restructuring across their different industries. This process
 is illustrated by data on the rapid entry of MNEs into the motor vehicles
 sector of the Czech Republic, which occurred before the recent crisis.
 This article analyses the behaviour and interactions of two types of
 companies: national firms and MNEs, which operate in all sectors of the
 economy. We aim to understand the performance of each type by conducting a
 detailed analysis of firms' costs and how they are affected by the arrival
 of MNEs. A computable general equilibrium model is used to calibrate the
 contrasting cost structures of both national firms and MNEs across the
 different sectors (based on real data from the OECD and the Czech National
 Bank). Thus a general equilibrium perspective is used to provide
 quantitative estimates of the evolution of factor costs (i.e. the cost of
 labour and capital), intermediate costs (i.e. the cost of both imported
 and domestic products used for further processing in production),
 production and prices for both types of firms. Interestingly, we obtain
 evidence on different patterns of adjustment related to firms' ownership
 (i.e. between national firms and MNEs). In addition, our methodology
 allows us to assess the impact on GDP and welfare resulting from the
 process of industry restructuring at the microeconomic level. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 441-463 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729304 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729304 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:441-463




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michal Brzezinski 
Author-X-Name-First: Michal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzezinski 
Title: Accounting for recent trends in absolute poverty in Poland: a decomposition analysis 
Abstract:
  This article uses poverty decompositions to identify factors explaining
 recent changes in absolute income and consumption poverty in Poland during
 1998--2008. Shapley decompositions of poverty changes into growth and
 redistribution components show that fast economic growth was the main
 source of a radical fall in absolute poverty after 2005.Distributional
 changes had a more profound effect on absolute poverty during 1998--2005.
 Sectoral decompositions of poverty suggest that stagnant wages and
 pensions as well as growing unemployment were major factors accounting for
 increasing poverty between 1998 and 2005, while growing diversification of
 income sources among farmers had a sizable poverty-reducing effect. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 465-475 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729305 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729305 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2011:i:4:p:465-475




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoph Spengel 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spengel 
Author-Name: Sebastian Lazar 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lazar 
Author-Name: Lisa Evers 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Evers 
Author-Name: Benedikt Zinn 
Author-X-Name-First: Benedikt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zinn 
Title: Reduction of the effective corporate tax burden in Romania 1992--2012 and Romania's current ranking among the Central and Eastern European EU member states 
Abstract:
  This article traces Romania's development to a low-tax country among the
 member states of the European Union by analysing the major tax law changes
 in corporate taxation since 1992. We compute and compare the effective
 company tax burdens of a European model company at different points of
 time which constitute milestones in the development of corporate taxation
 in Romania. We find that the significant reduction of the corporate income
 tax rate from 45% in 1992 to 16% since 2005 has not been accompanied by a
 comprehensive broadening of the corporate income tax base as it has been
 in many longstanding member states of the EU and the OECD. Since 1992 the
 average company tax burden of the underlying model company has dropped by
 almost 65%. As a result, Romania holds second position among the group of
 Central and Eastern European EU member states. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 477-502 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 8 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729660 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729660 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:477-502




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mitja &#x10C;ok 
Author-X-Name-First: Mitja 
Author-X-Name-Last: &#x10C;ok 
Author-Name: Jo&#x17E;e Sambt 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo&#x17E;e 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sambt 
Author-Name: Marko Ko&#x161;ak 
Author-X-Name-First: Marko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko&#x161;ak 
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbi&#x10D; 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbi&#x10D; 
Author-Name: Boris Majcen 
Author-X-Name-First: Boris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majcen 
Title: Distribution of personal income tax changes in Slovenia 
Abstract:
  Slovenia belongs to a group of EU member states that have reduced their
 personal income tax burden during the late-2000s financial and economic
 crisis. The latest changes, introduced in the personal income tax system
 during the last two years, have primarily reduced the tax burden on
 low-income taxpayers. However, this was only the last step in a series of
 personal income tax reforms since 2004 that have reduced the average tax
 burden on all taxpayers. Using an exclusive database of taxpayers and
 utilising a general-equilibrium modelling platform, an approach that is
 unfortunately still rare in Central and Eastern European countries, we
 assess the consequences of these reforms at both the micro and the macro
 level. From a macroeconomic point of view, the initial positive
 consequences of higher private consumption and welfare are declining over
 time owing to the increased budget deficit and reduced investment. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 503-515 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729662 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729662 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2011:i:4:p:503-515




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiril Tochkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Kiril 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tochkov 
Author-Name: Nikolay Nenovsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nenovsky 
Author-Name: Karin Tochkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Karin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tochkov 
Title: University efficiency and public funding for higher education in Bulgaria 
Abstract:
  The recent pressure on public finances in Bulgaria has exposed the need
 for a performance-based system of public funding for higher education.
 This article estimates the relative technical and cost efficiency of
 Bulgarian universities and explores the correlation between public funding
 and efficiency levels. In particular, a recent government proposal to use
 university rankings for the allocation of funds is evaluated with regard
 to efficiency. The results indicate that public universities are less
 efficient than private institutions, especially in teaching-related
 aspects. A larger share of the education market, fewer fields of study and
 more science-related majors result in efficiency gains. Efficiency is not
 a significant determinant of the amounts of subsidy allocated to a
 university, while the rankings of efficiency and funding are found to be
 negatively correlated. However, the rankings to be used under the proposed
 policy are positively related to cost efficiency, suggesting that the
 reform effort is a step in the right direction. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 517-534 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729306 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729306 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2011:i:4:p:517-534




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lili Kang 
Author-X-Name-First: Lili 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang 
Author-Name: Fei Peng 
Author-X-Name-First: Fei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peng 
Title: A selection analysis of returns to education in China 
Abstract:
  This article estimates the economic returns to education in China from
 1989 to 2009 using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) dataset.
 We find that education returns for one additional year generally increase
 from 2.6% in 1989 to 7.9% in 2009. Education returns, however, may reflect
 signals of innate ability or the accumulation of human capital. Moreover,
 traditional ordinary least square estimates may be biased by selection
 problems and mix-ups of age group heterogeneity. We therefore estimate the
 marginal effects of schooling with increasing labour market experience
 using the Heckman selection model. We find that the education returns for
 one additional year decline with labour market experience, which supports
 the human capital hypothesis for all age groups except the group educated
 during the Cultural Revolution. Different dynamics of education returns in
 the four age groups are identified with the large influence of
 institutional reforms in the labour market, supporting the transition
 explanation of the evolution of education returns in China. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 535-554 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2012.729307 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2012.729307 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:24:y:2012:i:4:p:535-554




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kosta Josifidis 
Author-X-Name-First: Kosta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Josifidis 
Author-Name: Jean-Pierre Allegret 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Allegret 
Author-Name: Emilija   Beker Pucar 
Author-X-Name-First: Emilija   Beker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pucar 
Title: Adjustment mechanisms and exchange rate regimes in 2004 new EU members during the financial crisis 
Abstract:
  The global economic crisis confronted emerging European countries with
 abrupt external shocks, while adjustment mechanisms differed according to
 exchange rate regimes. &#x2018;Fixers&#x2019; were forced to accept
 internal devaluation, while &#x2018;floaters&#x2019; used the exchange
 rate as a shock absorber. Empirical research is based on six emerging
 European countries in January 2004--December 2010 and the January
 2008--December 2010 crisis period. This article explores the real exchange
 rate as an adjustment mechanism variable, crisis transmission to the real
 economy, and foreign exchange intervention as a way of exchange rate
 management/defence. The relations investigated are observed using VAR
 models in order to distinguish between the groups of
 &#x2018;floaters&#x2019; and &#x2018;fixers&#x2019;. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756614 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756614 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:1-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valentyna Ozimkovska 
Author-X-Name-First: Valentyna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozimkovska 
Author-Name: Stanislaw Kubielas 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanislaw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubielas 
Title: Deviation of the Ukrainian hryvnia from the equilibrium exchange rate 
Abstract:
  In this article we estimate the equilibrium level of the exchange rates
 of the Ukrainian hryvnia to the euro, US dollar and Russian ruble over the
 period from 4Q2001 to 1Q2010. We apply CHEER and BEER approaches employing
 a VAR model. Our results suggest that the hryvnia was mostly overvalued
 during this period. We also find that the exchange rate regimes of the
 National Bank of Ukraine influence the level of deviation of hryvnia
 exchange rates from the equilibrium. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 18-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756616 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756616 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:18-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ulrich Blum 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blum 
Title: Eastern Germany's economic development revisited: path dependence and economic stagnation before and after reunification 
Abstract:
  Twenty years after reunification Eastern Germany's economy is relatively
 stagnant compared with most of the productivity and income variables of
 Western Germany. The strong initial take-off which lasted until the mid to
 late 1990s ended at a level of 70%--80% of the western reference values.
 In this article two interdependent hypotheses are put to the test: (i)
 that the communist economy prior to reunification was on a stagnating
 path, contrary to what standard analyses show; and (ii) that strong
 elements of path dependence exist and that the switch from a planned to a
 market economy offset the pre-unification stagnation but was not able to
 repair structural deficits inherited from the past. In fact, looking into
 Western Germany's long-term data, an extremely stable development path can
 be found that extends from the nineteenth century to the present. Thus
 analysis of the East German development path is both economically relevant
 and politically interesting if economic policies are to be formulated. A
 series for East German output is recalculated to describe the
 macroeconomic development relative to its West German twin. In doing so,
 assumptions are made about its initial starting point after World War II
 and the effects which the deterioration of product quality over time, the
 loss of international competitiveness and the unavailability of foreign
 goods had on purchasing power. In fact, performance was very bleak and
 growth halted in the 1970s. This coincides with fundamental changes in the
 world economy, the confiscation of the remaining parts of the private
 sector and ever-expanding subsidisation of private consumption. This led,
 in sharp contrast to findings by other authors, to a decline in real
 output until the mid 1980s, when fresh money was brought in from the West.
 In the end, East Germany collapsed at an economic level comparable to that
 of West Germany in the mid 1950s to early 1960s, depending on whether the
 external value of goods or internal purchasing power is used as a
 reference point. In spite of overcoming its low initial starting position
 during the first years after transition to a market economy began, Eastern
 Germany has reverted to its old development path extending from the 1950s
 and the 1960s. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 37-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756672 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756672 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:37-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Epshtein 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Epshtein 
Author-Name: Konstantin Hahlbrock 
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hahlbrock 
Author-Name: J&#xFC;rgen Wandel 
Author-X-Name-First: J&#xFC;rgen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wandel 
Title: Why are agroholdings so pervasive in Russia's Belgorod <italic>oblast</italic>'? Evidence from case studies and farm-level data 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the reasons for the prevalence of agroholdings in
 Russia's Belgorod <italic>oblast</italic>', focusing on the forces driving
 their emergence and persistence. It draws on both case study evidence and
 a unique farm-level dataset for 2001--07. It argues that, despite notable
 evidence for government support, political economy factors alone cannot
 explain the emergence of agroholdings in this region. Instead a complex
 mix of political and pure economic factors favoured agroholding creation.
 Likewise, it is shown that the persistence of agroholdings in Belgorod
 cannot easily be reduced to rent seeking. Rather much evidence is found
 that it is caused by good economic performance of agroholding farms, in
 particular by improvements in total factor productivity resulting from
 large investments in modern technology. However, since these investments
 were mostly credit financed, agroholding farms are exposed to a higher
 risk of default than independent farms. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 59-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756673 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756673 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:59-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Rugraff 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugraff 
Title: Why are spillovers through backward linkages from multinational corporations in the Czech motor industry still limited? 
Abstract:
  This article uses the AMADEUS firm-level database and annual reports of
 companies to study spillovers through backward linkages from multinational
 corporations onto indigenous suppliers in the Czech motor industry. We use
 financial and non-financial indicators of foreign-owned and indigenous
 suppliers to define quantitative indicators to evaluate the quantity and
 quality of backward linkages. We suggest that the impact of MNCs on the
 quantity of backward linkages is mixed: in our sample Czech-owned
 suppliers represent half of the companies but they contribute only little
 to the total turnover of the suppliers. The new position of follow-source
 suppliers in the motor industry value chain explains the fragile position
 of indigenous suppliers in small emerging economies. The presence of
 numerous foreign-owned affiliates belonging to global MNCs, with whom the
 manufacturers are engaged in relational linkages on a world scale, also
 explains the absence of interest of the MNCs in relational linkages with
 the indigenous supply base. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 82-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756695 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756695 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:82-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sa&#x161;o Polanec 
Author-X-Name-First: Sa&#x161;o 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polanec 
Author-Name: Ale&#x161; Ah&#x10D;an 
Author-X-Name-First: Ale&#x161; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ah&#x10D;an 
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbi&#x10D; 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbi&#x10D; 
Title: Retirement decisions in transition: microeconometric evidence from Slovenia 
Abstract:
  In this article we analyse old-age retirement decisions of Slovenian men
 and women eligible to retire in the period 1997--2003. In comparison with
 established market economies we find relatively high probabilities of
 retirement that decline with age. This unusual pattern can partly be
 attributed to weak incentives to work, inherent in the design of the
 pension system and reflected in predominantly negative values of accruals,
 and to transition-specific increase in wage inequality in the late 1980s
 and early 1990s. This is reflected in low wages and relatively high
 pensions of less productive (skilled) workers and vice versa. We find that
 the probability of retirement decreases with option value of work and net
 wages, although the response to the former, when controlling for the
 latter, is rather weak. Our results also imply that less educated
 individuals and individuals with greater personal wealth are more likely
 to retire. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 99-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756703 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756703 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:99-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jitka Barto&#x161;ov&#xE1; 
Author-X-Name-First: Jitka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barto&#x161;ov&#xE1; 
Author-Name: Tom&#xE1;&#x161; &#x17D;elinsk&#xFD; 
Author-X-Name-First: Tom&#xE1;&#x161; 
Author-X-Name-Last: &#x17D;elinsk&#xFD; 
Title: The extent of poverty in the Czech and Slovak Republics 15 years after the split 
Abstract:
  Even today poverty is a serious problem in both developing and developed
 countries. Before 1989 Czechoslovakia was a communist state with a
 centrally planned economy. In November 1989 the Velvet Revolution restored
 democracy in the country and on 1 January 1993 Czechoslovakia split into
 two countries: the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic (Slovakia). The
 poverty phenomenon began to be publicly discussed in the former
 Czechoslovakia after November 1989. Before 1989 accepting the existence of
 poverty was contrary to the communist ideological principle of equality,
 and socio-economic research on it was even prohibited. The term poverty
 was replaced by &#x2018;restricted consumption capability&#x2019;. This
 article briefly describes the history of attempts to measure poverty prior
 to the split. Further detailed analyses are focused on monetary poverty,
 relative material deprivation and subjective perception of poverty in the
 two countries and are based on EU--SILC 2006--08 microdata, i.e. 15 years
 after the split. Differences among the countries are then discussed. 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 119-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.756704 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.756704 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:1:p:119-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Blagojevi&#x107; 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blagojevi&#x107; 
Author-Name: Jo&#x17E;e P. Damijan 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo&#x17E;e P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Damijan 
Title: The impact of corruption and ownership on the performance of firms in Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
	      This article investigates how the efficiency of the business
 environment and corruption (informal payments and state capture) affect
 the microeconomic performance of firms. The novelty of the study is to
 look at the interaction of these effects with firm ownership. We use
 firm-level micro data collected by the Business Environment and Enterprise
 Performance Survey (BEEPS) for 27 transition countries for 2002--09. Among
 other data, BEEPS collects information on different forms of corruption at
 the firm level and firm ownership. We find the somewhat surprising result
 that private firms (domestic and foreign-owned) are more involved in both
 informal payments and state capture. Our results also reveal that
 foreign-owned firms that are involved in informal payments are likely to
 benefit from these corrupt practices. On the other hand, state-owned firms
 are more likely to experience negative effects of involvement in
 corruption on productivity growth. After 2004 involvement of firms in
 corrupt practices diminished and their negative impact on firm performance
 declined, indicating an improvement in the stability of the business
 environment and law enforcement.	   
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 133-158 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787734 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787734 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:133-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: O. Leipnik 
Author-X-Name-First: O. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leipnik 
Author-Name: S. Kyrychenko 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kyrychenko 
Title: The public utilities war and corruption in Ukraine 
Abstract:
	      Non-payment of utility bills, evasion of payment through a
 variety of corruption schemes and fraud, and unauthorised shifting of the
 costs of utilities consumed are widespread in Ukraine among the public and
 businesses, often with the involvement of local and central government
 officials. This research is focused on the public default, its reasons and
 consequences for the defaulters, and on corruption in the public
 utilities. It is primarily based on interviews with experts, current and
 former employees of public utilities, and consumers. The findings have
 implications for the legitimisation of political power and economic
 reorientation, fairness and order in Ukraine, and the impact of corruption
 on the failing economic infrastructure.	  
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 159-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787736 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787736 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:159-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Pokrivcak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pokrivcak 
Author-Name: Siemen van Berkum 
Author-X-Name-First: Siemen 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Berkum 
Author-Name: Lenka Drgova 
Author-X-Name-First: Lenka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drgova 
Author-Name: Marian Mraz 
Author-X-Name-First: Marian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mraz 
Author-Name: Pavel Ciaian 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciaian 
Title: The role of non-tariff measures in EU dairy trade with Russia 
Abstract:
	      This article investigates Russian non-tariff measures (NTMs)
 on dairy products and their implications for EU dairy exports. Based on
 survey results, numerous and detailed Russian standards on imported dairy
 products are considered by respondents as redundant and unnecessary from a
 food safety perspective. Conformity assessment procedures are identified
 as a major problem when exporting to Russia. They are non-transparent,
 time-consuming and expose exporters to significant risk that their
 products may be refused entry at the Russian border. Audits by Russian
 inspectors seem to be subject to arbitrary rules and exporting companies
 face great uncertainty because of unclear and often changing rules. Both
 fixed and variable costs may increase due to Russian non-tariff measures,
 adding an estimated 5--10% of export value to costs. The gravity model
 estimates indicate that, after controlling for other variables, non-tariff
 measures are more restrictive on US exports to Russia than on EU exports
 to Russia, while New Zealand's exports to Russia are least affected by
 NTMs. Overall, the estimates do not confirm that Russia's NTMs are
 significantly more restrictive than is the case with other countries'
 NTMs. Although Russian standards for dairy imports are inhibiting trade
 they are not more restrictive than those implemented by other countries.   
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 175-189 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787737 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787737 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:175-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Deng 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng 
Title: Land development right and collective ownership in China 
Abstract:
	      Urban--rural link (URL), a popular land use policy among
 Chinese local governments, allows urban development of the same or a
 smaller area than peasants' house sites that are converted back into
 farmland. It is often regarded as a form of transfer of development rights
 (TDR). Based on detailed analysis of local governments, villages and
 peasants, this article finds that local government is the <italic>de
 facto</italic> owner of development rights and the only winner in URL. URL
 strengthens collective ownership by weakening peasants' private land use
 rights. Overall, URL is an efficient approach to the externality problem
 caused by farmland protection policy, but it is problematic from a broader
 perspective, especially from the property rights perspective.		
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 190-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787739 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787739 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:190-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piotr Ci&#x17C;kowicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ci&#x17C;kowicz 
Author-Name: Andrzej Rzo&#x144;ca 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rzo&#x144;ca 
Author-Name: Stanis&#x142;aw Umi&#x144;ski 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanis&#x142;aw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Umi&#x144;ski 
Title: The determinants of regional exports in Poland -- a panel data analysis 
Abstract:
	      The purpose of this article is to explain the strong
 diversification in the volume and structure of exports in Polish regions,
 using a set of potential determinants originating from different foreign
 trade theories used in country level studies. Two sets of panel models of
 exports are estimated for 16 regions of Poland in the years 1999--2008.
 Model I shows that regional export performance is positively dependent on
 labour productivity, share of foreign-owned companies in employment,
 education level of population, location in the country's border region and
 access to the sea, and negatively on the importance of agriculture in the
 region's economy and labour costs. Model II indicates that exports of
 agricultural and food products are positively correlated with the
 importance of agriculture, labour productivity in agriculture and the
 economy of the region as a whole, availability of employees with an
 appropriate level of practical skills and access to the sea, and
 negatively with population density and location in the country's border
 region. Growth of this type of export is important for improvement of
 living conditions in many underdeveloped regions of Poland.	      
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 206-224 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787741 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787741 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:206-224




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Tkalec 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tkalec 
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbi&#x10D; 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbi&#x10D; 
Title: A new look into the prevalence of balance sheet or competitiveness effect of exchange rate depreciation in a highly euroised economy 
Abstract:
	      This article empirically tests the impact of exchange rate
 depreciation on sectoral performance proxied by investment or,
 alternatively, sales. It measures the balance sheet and the
 competitiveness effect in a country that records very high levels of
 liability euroisation. Panel data methodology is applied on a dataset of
 20 Croatian non-financial sectors combining macroeconomic and sectoral
 financial information. Results confirm there are strong negative effects
 of liability euroisation on both investment and sales. Negative balance
 sheet effects and very small positive competitiveness effects are found as
 well, adding up to a negative overall exchange rate depreciation effect on
 sectoral performance. Moreover, we find evidence that the corporate sector
 does not hedge against exchange rate exposure and that the domestic
 financial system is a constraining factor for corporate investment growth.
 We also find evidence of size asymmetries related to bank lending
 relationships. 	 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 225-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787755 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787755 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:225-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faton Osmani 
Author-X-Name-First: Faton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osmani 
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton 
Author-Name: John White 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Agricultural households, poverty and the rural labour market in Kosovo 
Abstract:
	      This article assesses the incomes of farm households in
 Kosovo and engagement in other gainful activities (OGAs) outside
 agricultural production. After adjusting for household size, rural incomes
 in Kosovo are low. For the poorest quartile of sampled households, incomes
 per household member are below EUR657 per annum. Overall, agricultural
 sales account for only 27% of total (cash) income and OGAs make a
 substantial contribution to the livelihoods of rural households. The
 poorest households are characterised by lower engagement in
 self-employment, are less likely to receive remittances, have less
 non-agricultural work experience and the head of the household has low
 educational attainment. The poorest quartile operates significantly
 smaller farms and is less likely to sell agricultural output. There is
 considerable underemployment of family members and, if the economic
 situation improves, the flow of labour out of agriculture is likely to be
 substantial. The main self-reported barriers to self-employment are
 insufficient capital and credit, suggesting a role for mircofinance
 schemes to enable start-ups and small business expansion. In dealing with
 its current chronic economic problems in rural areas, Kosovo would be best
 served by adapting measures from a development agenda, particularly
 microfinance and policies to support self-employment.		
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 241-252 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787756 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787756 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:241-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manijeh Sabi 
Author-X-Name-First: Manijeh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabi 
Title: Microfinance institution activities in Central Asia: a case study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan 
Abstract:
	      This article compares key issues concerning the structure of
 microfinance institutions (MFIs) and the nature of competition in
 Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Employing both qualitative and quantitative
 measures, the field research indicates that MFIs in Tajikistan and
 Uzbekistan do not have the traditional characteristics of microfinance
 business. Although both countries are at the pre-competitive stage, the
 qualitative research indicates that urban areas in Tajikistan are
 approaching a competitive edge. The research demonstrates that MFIs in
 these countries do not require their clients to give up membership of
 other MFIs, thus increasing the probability of cross-indebtedness.
 Moreover, if a client fails to repay a loan from one MFI, there is a high
 probability that this person will join another MFI. Consequently, both
 countries may face cross-indebtedness even in the absence of intensive
 competition.	       
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 253-266 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.787757 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.787757 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:2:p:253-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dawid Pi&#x105;tek 
Author-X-Name-First: Dawid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pi&#x105;tek 
Author-Name: Katarzyna Szarzec 
Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szarzec 
Author-Name: Micha&#x142; Pilc 
Author-X-Name-First: Micha&#x142; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pilc 
Title: Economic freedom, democracy and economic growth: a causal investigation in transition countries 
Abstract:
	      This article addresses the issue of causality in the
 relationship between political and economic freedom and economic growth in
 transition countries. This problem has been discussed in the literature
 but the results concerning political freedom and economic growth are still
 ambiguous. Moreover, owing to the impact of time we now have at our
 disposal significantly longer time series, which in this kind of research
 is especially important. The analysis was conducted for 25 post-socialist
 countries for 1990--2008 using a set of 20 indicators of economic and
 political freedom and Granger causality tests. The results show that
 although economic freedom has a positive impact on economic growth in
 transition countries, political freedom is neutral for economic growth;
 changes in the level of political freedom are however influenced by
 economic growth.	   
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 267-288 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813137 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813137 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:267-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martina Dalic
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalic
Title: Cyclical properties of fiscal policy in new member states of the EU 
Abstract:
	      The analysis of cyclical properties of government expenditure
 is performed for new member states and Croatia using a panel data model.
 The sample covers 1999--2011.The analysis is performed for the main
 expenditure aggregates as well as their subcomponents. The disaggregated
 approach is useful in revealing potential differences in the cyclical
 properties of individual expenditure components since they could move in
 different and possibly offsetting directions. Procyclical behaviour is
 found for total general government expenditure as well as for its main
 components, i.e. current and capital expenditure. The exclusion of
 interest payments does not alter the result that output expansion is
 strongly associated with growth in major expenditure aggregates.
 Furthermore, the same proportional reaction is found for capital
 expenditure, indicating the presence of the voracity effect. The
 subcomponents of current expenditure reveal a slightly different pattern.
 While government wage and non-wage consumption behave in a procyclical
 manner, social transfers are countercyclical. However, their
 countercyclical behaviour is not strong enough to overcome the procyclical
 influence of the wage bill and non-wage consumption on the overall
 cyclical stance of current expenditure. The evidence of asymmetric
 behaviour of government expenditure over the cycle is weak.	      
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 289-308 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813144 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813144 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:289-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blanka &Scaron;krabic Peric 
Author-X-Name-First: Blanka 
Author-X-Name-Last: &Scaron;krabic Peric
Author-Name: Petar Soric
Author-X-Name-First: Petar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Soric
Author-Name: Josip Arneric
Author-X-Name-First: Josip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arneric
Title: The Fisher effect at the borders of the European Monetary Union: evidence from post-communist countries 
Abstract:
	      This article aims to shed some light on the Fisher effect in
 six non-eurozone post-communist economies (the Czech Republic, Hungary,
 Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania). A Fisher-type interest rate
 equation is analysed using the PMG panel data estimator, with an early
 attempt to employ the Harmonised European Consumer Surveys in quantifying
 inflation expectations and uncertainty. The output gap is also considered
 as an explanatory variable. The results of the Hausman poolability test
 unambiguously confirm that, despite the differences in their monetary
 regimes and the development levels of their financial markets, all the
 countries observed are homogeneous in terms of the Fisher effect. It is
 shown that both inflation uncertainty and expectations positively and
 significantly feed into nominal interest rate fluctuations. The
 post-communist central banks seem to be the most strongly concerned about
 inflation uncertainty shocks, while their interest rate elasticity with
 regard to expected inflation is below unity. On the other hand, they do
 not significantly adjust their interest rates in response to demand-side
 pressure, assigning only a secondary role to boosting economic activity.
 As a robustness check, the results obtained remain rather similar when
 Sweden and the UK (as the remaining non-eurozone EU members) are included
 in the sample. 	 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 309-324 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813138 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813138 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:309-324




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Csaba Cs�ki 
Author-X-Name-First: Csaba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cs�ki 
Author-Name: Attila J�mbor 
Author-X-Name-First: Attila 
Author-X-Name-Last: J�mbor 
Title: The impact of EU accession: lessons from the agriculture of the new member states 
Abstract:
	      In 2004 and 2007 12 new member states (NMS) joined the
 European Union, which has offered several possibilities and challenges to
 the newcomers. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of EU
 accession on new member states' agriculture as well as to identify those
 factors lying behind different country performance. Results suggest that
 EU accession has had a significant impact on NMS agriculture, although
 member states capitalised their opportunities in different ways, due to
 initial conditions and pre- and post-accession policies.	   
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 325-342 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813139 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813139 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:325-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: &Scaron;tefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: &Scaron;tefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Title: Farm income sources, farm size and farm technical efficiency in Slovenia 
Abstract:
	      The impact of off-farm income on farm technical efficiency of
 Slovenian Farm Accountancy Data Network farms is analysed for 2004--08
 employing stochastic frontier analysis. Results suggest that family farms
 and off-farm income are dominant in the farming structures. Estimations
 confirm technical efficiency is slightly higher for farms with off-farm
 income. The quantile regression analysis confirmed the positive impact of
 farm size and negative impact of government subsidies on technical
 efficiency of farms with and without off-farm incomes. The impact of
 family farm organisation on farm technical efficiency is positive for
 farms without off-farm income but differs by quantiles of technical
 efficiency for farms with off-farm income.	     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 343-356 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813140 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813140 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:343-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koji Kubo 
Author-X-Name-First: Koji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubo 
Title: Myanmar's two decades of partial transition to a market economy: a negative legacy for the new government 
Abstract:
	      Despite more than two decades of transition from a centrally
 planned to a market-oriented economy, Myanmar's economic transition is
 still only partly complete. The government's initial strategy for dealing
 with the swelling deficits of the state economic enterprises (SEEs) was to
 put them under direct control in order to scrutinise their expenditure.
 This policy change postponed restructuring and exacerbated the soft budget
 constraint problem of the SEEs. While the installation of a new government
 in March 2011 has increased prospects for economic development,
 sustainable growth still requires full-scale structural reform of the SEEs
 and institutional infrastructure building. Myanmar can learn from the
 gradual approaches to economic transition in China and Vietnam, where
 partial reforms weakened further impetus for reforms.		
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 357-370 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813141 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813141 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:357-370




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bojan Shimbov 
Author-X-Name-First: Bojan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shimbov 
Author-Name: Maite Alguacil 
Author-X-Name-First: Maite 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alguacil 
Author-Name: Celestino Su�rez 
Author-X-Name-First: Celestino 
Author-X-Name-Last: Su�rez 
Title: Fragmentation and parts and components trade in the Western Balkan countries 
Abstract:
	      As a consequence of the increasing globalisation and
 integration of the world's markets, there has been an intensive process of
 international fragmentation of production over the last few decades. This
 phenomenon whereby previously integrated productive activities are
 segmented and internationally spread is reflected in the rapid increase in
 parts and components trade, growing at higher rates than final goods
 trade. In this process the Western Balkan countries (WBC) have been no
 exception. With their recent integration into global markets, the WBC have
 witnessed growth in parts and components trade that has even exceeded the
 world average. This article examines the determinants of the trade that
 stems from the international fragmentation of production in the WBC. Using
 a panel data set of disaggregated bilateral trade flows, we estimate
 gravity equations for 2000--2009. Our findings support the hypothesis
 drawn from the theory of fragmentation that trade in parts and components
 is motivated by labour cost differences and by geographical and proximity
 reasons. The relevance of additional service link costs, as well as the
 influence of institutional similarity and infrastructure quality or
 political--economic agreements is also confirmed by our empirical
 research.	    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 371-391 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813142 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813142 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:371-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janez Pra&scaron;nikar 
Author-X-Name-First: Janez 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pra&scaron;nikar 
Author-Name: Fatmir Memaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Fatmir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Memaj 
Author-Name: Tja&scaron;a Redek 
Author-X-Name-First: Tja&scaron;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Redek 
Author-Name: Damjan Voje 
Author-X-Name-First: Damjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Voje 
Title: The role of corporations in economic development: Albania on its way to internationalisation 
Abstract:
	      Albania's inward-oriented economy gradually opened to global
 influences during its period of transition. This eased access to markets
 and capital but also revealed many weaknesses in Albanian corporations.
 Today the country's growth strategy is based on exports. Consequently, a
 strong and competitive corporate sector with international potential is
 vital. Following the evolutionary approach in corporate governance theory,
 we examine internal organisation of the firm, relationships between
 stakeholders and Albania's historical legacy (path dependency), linking
 these characteristics with competitiveness and export orientation. Cluster
 analysis reveals two distinct groups, where cooperation between agents and
 human capital investment, as well as productivity and export orientation,
 differ significantly. In terms of development policy, the results are very
 important for Albania and similar countries. Beside a unique dataset, the
 article also introduces methodological innovations in the survey technique
 and represents a contribution to the literature on intangible capital.     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 392-406 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813143 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813143 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:392-406




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tja&scaron;a Bartolj 
Author-X-Name-First: Tja&scaron;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartolj 
Author-Name: Ale&scaron; AhCan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ale&scaron; 
Author-X-Name-Last: AhCan 
Author-Name: Aljo&scaron;a Feldin 
Author-X-Name-First: Aljo&scaron;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldin 
Author-Name: Sa&scaron;o Polanec 
Author-X-Name-First: Sa&scaron;o 
Author-X-Name-Last: Polanec 
Title: Evolution of private returns to tertiary education during transition: evidence from Slovenia 
Abstract:
	      This article analyses the evolution of private returns to
 tertiary education during the period of transition from a socialist to a
 market economy using the personal income tax data of all Slovenian workers
 employed between 1994 and 2008. We document a rich interplay between
 supply and demand in the labour markets of high school and university
 graduates. We show that, in spite of significant increases in the labour
 supply, the demand for university graduates outweighed this and increased
 the rates of return in the early period of transition (1994--2001), while
 in the later period (2001--08) the opposite was the case. We also provide
 evidence of considerable heterogeneity in rates of return between genders,
 levels and fields of study, with particularly large (low) returns to the
 fields that were suppressed (favoured) during socialism. These initial
 differences in returns have, however, gradually declined.	    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 407-424 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.813147 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.813147 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:407-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: �kos Dombi 
Author-X-Name-First: �kos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dombi 
Title: The sources of economic growth and relative backwardness in the Central Eastern European countries between 1995 and 2007 
Abstract:
				 This article investigates the sources of
 economic growth and relative backwardness in 10 Central Eastern European
 (CEE) post-socialist countries between 1995 and 2007. It executes both
 growth accounting and development accounting for the CEE countries. The
 results show the primary source of economic growth was the accumulation of
 physical capital in the period investigated, followed by the growth of
 multifactor productivity. The contribution of labour was marginal in most
 cases. These growth accounting results are consistent with those of
 development accounting, which show that substantial backwardness (compared
 with Germany) prevailed only in capital intensity and multifactor
 productivity in the 10 CEE countries. Beyond the empirics of the growth
 path of the CEE countries, this study also contributes from a
 methodological standpoint by providing a thorough overview of the possible
 techniques of initial capital stock estimation.		  
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 425-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844927 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844927 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:425-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Mau 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mau 
Title: Between modernisation and stagnation: Russian economic policy and global crisis 
Abstract:
				 This paper deals with the trends in the
 world and Russian economies towards the development of a new post-crisis
 system, including technological and structural transformation. Three main
 scenarios of Russian economic development (conservative, innovation and
 acceleration) are discussed based on historical analysis of Russian
 economic performance since the 1970s when the oil boom started. On this
 basis, key challenges of economic policy in 2013 are discussed.	    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 448-464 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844928 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844928 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:448-464




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Golovina 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovina 
Author-Name: Jerker Nilsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson 
Author-Name: Axel Wolz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz 
Title: Members' choice of production co-operatives in Russian agriculture 
Abstract:
				 The <italic>kolkhozy</italic> and
 <italic>sovkhozy</italic> that operated in the former Soviet Union have
 been converted into other organisational forms, among them agricultural
 production co-operatives. In some regions of Russia and in some types of
 production these co-operatives are strong. Since production co-operatives
 constitute a type of vertical integration, the present study uses
 transaction cost theory to explore the worker-members' preference for
 production co-operatives. Our data originate from a survey of 1,401
 co-operative members in Kurgan region. Findings indicate that the workers
 would face enormous transaction costs if they were to choose another
 organisational form, and are in effect locked into the co-operatives just
 as workers used to be locked into the <italic>kolkhozy</italic> and
 <italic>sovkhozy</italic>. The most reasonable explanation for this is
 that workers have motivational factors that link them to their
 co-operatives. In addition, the powerful leaders of the co-operatives have
 an interest in the workers remaining members of the co-operatives.	    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 465-491 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844929 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844929 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:465-491




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianhong Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Haico Ebbers 
Author-X-Name-First: Haico 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebbers 
Author-Name: Arjen van Witteloostuijn 
Author-X-Name-First: Arjen 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Witteloostuijn 
Title: Dynamics of the global competitiveness of Chinese industries 
Abstract:
				 Using a two-dimensional multi-variable
 approach, this article investigates the competitiveness and dynamics of
 Chinese industries from the perspective of the international marketplace.
 The study reveals the step-by-step transformation of the degree of global
 competitiveness across 97 Chinese industries during the last decade. A new
 metric is applied to map the competitiveness of this sample of industries
 in 1996 and 2008. Comparison of the two metrics reveals the evolution of
 industries in terms of their degree of global competitiveness.
 Additionally, a number of representative industries are, by way of case
 studies, analysed in greater detail. From these cases we learn how the
 degree of global competitiveness of these industries changed over a
 13-year period.		      
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 492-511 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844930 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844930 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:492-511




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Ko&#x15b;ny 
Author-X-Name-First: Marek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko&#x15b;ny 
Title: Economic activity, saving, credit and income polarisation in Poland 
Abstract:
				 Polarisation of income distribution is an
 issue often analysed in the literature in the context of income
 inequality. One aspect of such research concerns the impact of
 polarisation on economic growth. Analyses in this field are usually
 focused on econometric modelling. However, for a broader assessment of the
 relationship between polarisation and economic growth more detailed
 analysis is needed -- taking into account areas of income concentration
 and possible consequences for the economic behaviour of individuals and
 households. The empirical results indicate the presence of polarisation in
 the distribution of income in 2000--10 in Poland and the dominance of the
 upper over the lower polarisation. While the lower polarisation is a
 clearly negative phenomenon, its impact is not directly considered in this
 study. The upper polarisation -- in the situation of Poland -- proved to
 involve positive changes in the economic behaviour of households in the
 area of saving, loans and labour supply.		       
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 512-528 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844931 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844931 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:512-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petar Sori&#x107; 
Author-X-Name-First: Petar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sori&#x107; 
Title: Assessing the sensitivity of consumption expenditure to inflation sentiment in post-communist economies 
Abstract:
				 The aim of this article is to examine the
 influence of inflation sentiment on aggregate consumption. The study adds
 to the existing literature by i) emphasising the role of inflation
 perceptions and expectations in determining consumption patterns, ii)
 using structural VAR methodology that has not yet been applied in consumer
 studies, iii) employing an extensive dataset of eight individual
 post-communist countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania,
 Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). Using innovation analysis it is
 shown that the theoretically expected conclusions are valid: consumers
 instantaneously decrease their consumption expenditure in response to
 shocks in perceived inflation, while their reaction to shocks in near-term
 inflation expectations is an abrupt (but temporary) consumption boost.     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 529-538 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844932 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844932 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:529-538




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martina Mys�kov� 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mys�kov� 
Author-Name: Ji&#x159;� Ve&#x10d;ern�k 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji&#x159;� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ve&#x10d;ern�k 
Title: Job satisfaction across Europe: differences between and within regions 
Abstract:
				 This study focuses on comparison of
 factors of job satisfaction within Europe. The rare comparative papers on
 this subject commonly compare Western Europe (WE) and Eastern Europe (EE)
 by pooling data on the two regions. By contrast, this analysis takes into
 account dis/similarities within each of the two regions. We use an ordered
 probit regression model based on European Social Survey 2010 and test the
 homogeneity of the two WE and EE regions. We apply a bottom-up
 psychological theory which divides factors into work-role inputs and
 work-role outputs. The results confirm the existing WE--EE gap in job
 satisfaction. Some factors show stronger effects on job satisfaction in
 one region than the other. The effects of gender and education proved
 statistically significant only in WE. Being paid appropriately is the most
 important work-role output and increases job satisfaction substantially
 more in Germany, France and the UK than in the rest of the WE region.
 Learning new things in work has the strongest positive impact in France,
 while Russia is the only country with a negative impact. The article
 provides a more detailed map of job satisfaction levels and its main
 factors across European countries.		      
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 539-556 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844934 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844934 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:539-556




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Janda 
Author-X-Name-First: Karel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janda 
Author-Name: Batbayar Turbat 
Author-X-Name-First: Batbayar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turbat 
Title: Determinants of the financial performance of microfinance institutions in Central Asia 
Abstract:
				 This article analyses the determinants of
 the earnings performance of microfinance institutions in Kazakhstan,
 Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Afghanistan and
 China in 1998--2011. It confirms that targeting women borrowers improves
 the financial results of microfinance institutions whereas the
 effectiveness of group lending or advantages of rural lending, in contrast
 to the initial expectations, were not confirmed. It also considers the
 contributions of different governance forms of microfinance institutions
 and the macroeconomic factors potentially influencing the financial
 performance of microfinance institutions.			 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 557-568 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2013.844935 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2013.844935 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:25:y:2013:i:4:p:557-568




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luigi Bonatti 
Author-X-Name-First: Luigi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonatti 
Author-Name: Kiryl Haiduk 
Author-X-Name-First: Kiryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haiduk 
Title: Dualism and growth in transition economies: a two-sector model with efficient and subsidised enterprises 
Abstract:
				 We develop a growth model distinguishing
 between a private sector that generates learning-by-doing and
 technological spillovers and a sector of technologically obsolete and
 subsidised state-owned enterprises. This distinction allows us to trace
 the inescapable dual-economy stage of development observed in transition
 economies. While in some of them this stage was rather brief, laggard
 reformers continue to display this pattern. The model predicts that the
 larger the initial fraction of the workforce employed in the obsolete
 sector and the stronger the politico-ideological hostility towards reform,
 the lower will be the speed of convergence to the income level of the most
 advanced countries.			 
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874222 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874222 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:1-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krzysztof Szczygielski 
Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szczygielski 
Author-Name: Wojciech Grabowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Wojciech 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grabowski 
Title: Innovation strategies and productivity in the Polish services sector 
Abstract:
				 Industry and firm-level research into both
 innovation and productivity has long been limited to manufacturing. In
 this article we aim to contribute to the stream of literature that seeks
 to extend the scope of such investigations to the services sector. To this
 end we analyse the innovation strategies in several service sectors in
 Poland in 2006--08 and examine their relationship to productivity. Our
 results show that service firms differ considerably in their innovation
 strategies, but that most of those strategies lead to productivity gains.  
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 17-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874226 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874226 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:17-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavol Babos 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Babos 
Title: Step or trap? Transition from fixed-term contracts in Central Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
				 This article investigates the transition
 from fixed-term contracts to permanent jobs from the viewpoint of the
 'stepping stone versus trap' theoretical framework. The main contribution
 of this research is that it examines what function fixed-term contracts
 have in the EU new member states, countries that have not yet been
 investigated in this regard. This research tests which individual
 characteristics influence the transition to permanent employment and how
 labour market institutions can help in understanding the differences among
 countries. The analysis covers the eight post-communist countries which
 joined the EU in 2004. The period analysed is 2005--10. We make use of the
 EU-SILC dataset and employ multinomial logistic regression to perform the
 analysis. The findings reveal that, on average, a temporary job is more a
 trap than a stepping stone, although considerable differences exist across
 countries. Surprisingly, most of the individual demographic and human
 capital characteristics do not have an effect on the transition to
 permanent employment. Only the age category and work experience
 significantly increase the chances for a successful transition.
 Institutions such as employment rigidity and industrial relations explain
 a considerable amount of the country variations. More rigid labour markets
 and stronger trade unions lower the probability of successful transition.
 We argue that the reason is that companies use FTCs as a tool to increase
 flexibility in rigid labour markets. The concluding part discusses some
 limitations of the research, links it back to the theoretical literature
 and suggests some challenges for future research.			  
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 39-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874230 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874230 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:39-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Locatelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Locatelli 
Title: The Russian gas industry: challenges to the 'Gazprom model'? 
Abstract:
				 The Russian gas sector is undergoing
 significant changes which are opening the way for an original reform.
 Because of the particular institutional and economic context of the
 country, this reorganisation is not taking place along the lines of the
 de-integrated model of the EU. It is characterised by increasingly
 significant competitive fringes. Gazprom remains the main actor in the
 Russian gas industry but the company is facing challenges on its main
 export market and increasing competition at home with the arrival of new
 gas firms, independents and Russian oil companies. For Gazprom, the aim is
 to develop more flexible strategies for export markets but also on its
 internal market. These internal changes will not be without consequences
 for the country's export strategy and the implications for international
 markets could be considerable. 		     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 53-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874232 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874232 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavol Minarik 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minarik 
Title: Religion and economic attitudes in post-communist transition 
Abstract:
				 The role of religion has been discussed as
 a possible explanation of divergent economic development ever since Max
 Weber. This article examines its role in the post-communist transition. It
 adopts the approach of Guiso <italic>et al.</italic> which is based on
 data collected at the individual level rather than a cross-country
 analysis. However, with regard to recent literature we allow for a
 different interpretation of results. The analysis shows that religion
 still has an impact on individuals' economic attitudes, even after many
 decades of communist rule. Generally, religion is supportive of pro-market
 and pro-growth attitudes. The impact of different religions is not
 uniform, although none of them appears to be an obstacle in transition
 from a centrally planned economy to the free market. Further, the
 micro-level findings are compared with the macro-level to explain the
 differences in the course of transition among post-communist countries.    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 67-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874656 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874656 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:67-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Lou&zcaron;ek 
Author-X-Name-First: Marek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lou&zcaron;ek 
Title: Pension reform in the Czech Republic after 2010 
Abstract:
				 The aim of this article is to analyse
 pension reform in the Czech Republic after 2010. Pension reform in the
 Czech Republic has gained new pace. The panel of consultants and experts
 on pension reform recommended mandatory saving in funds. The
 Constitutional Court ruled that citizens with higher incomes during their
 professional careers should receive higher pensions. The government
 responded by a minor amendment to the Pension Insurance Act and also
 prepared a major pension reform, which has introduced an opt-out, albeit
 on a fairly modest scale. The political risks of the current pension
 reform are considerable. The Czech government is introducing an opt-out in
 times when the neighbouring countries are slowly abandoning this approach.
 People are quite sensitive to the problems which are associated with the
 reform in Central Europe. They have the feeling that government is forcing
 on them something that does not work elsewhere. A genuine reform should be
 fiscally neutral, i.e. it should not generate any new fiscal deficits --
 whether explicit or implicit. Therefore it should be gradually modifying
 the parameters of the PAYG system. At present, increasing the age of
 retirement and decreasing the average pension/wage ratio seem to be
 options.		     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 89-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874657 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874657 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:89-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong Hiep Hoang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong Hiep 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoang 
Author-Name: Micha&euml;l Goujon 
Author-X-Name-First: Micha&euml;l 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goujon 
Title: Determinants of foreign direct investment in Vietnamese provinces: a spatial econometric analysis 
Abstract:
				 This article uses spatial econometric
 models to explore the determinants of the distribution of foreign direct
 investment (FDI) inflows among Vietnamese provinces in the period after
 the Asian crisis. First tests reveal spatial autocorrelation in the OLS
 estimated errors, justifying the use of spatial error models estimated
 using the maximum likelihood estimator. Relations between FDI and its
 traditional determinants are surprisingly robust to the inclusion of
 spatial interdependence terms. Results show a dominance of the form of
 regional trade platform FDI, and of regional agglomeration effects.
 National and provincial economic policies are also found to be important
 factors for attracting FDI.			    
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 103-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874658 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874658 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:103-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katja Zajc Kej&zcaron;ar 
Author-X-Name-First: Katja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zajc Kej&zcaron;ar 
Author-Name: Nina Ponikvar 
Author-X-Name-First: Nina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ponikvar 
Title: The effect of industry maturity, turnover and competition on firm survival: evidence from Slovenian firms 
Abstract:
				 A complementary log-log firm survival
 model using a 10-year panel of firm-level data for the Slovenian
 manufacturing sector during the late transition period provide evidence
 that firms have a smaller chance of surviving in less concentrated
 industries with tougher competition, in mature industries characterised by
 higher industry average firm age and lower net entry rates, and in
 industries with high turnover rates, indicating low sunk cost and other
 entry/exit barriers. Observing the hazard functions of various industry
 groups further suggests that an industry's entry/exit conditions are even
 more relevant to firm survival than an industry's life-cycle phase.
 Moreover, a firm's age seems to be of greater importance for its survival
 during the early stages of the industry's life cycle than in the
 industry's maturity. Our findings suggest that economic policy measures
 aimed at providing support for start-up firms will be more efficient in
 young industries at the formative stage of the life cycle or in
 entrepreneurial regime industries, and that entry conditions should be the
 focus of competition policies. 		     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 122-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874659 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874659 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:122-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laure Latruffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Latruffe 
Author-Name: Yann Desjeux 
Author-X-Name-First: Yann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Desjeux 
Title: Perpetuation of subsistence farming in Kosovo: the role of farm integration in input markets 
Abstract:
				 This article investigates the determinants
 of agricultural households' product commercialisation in Kosovo in 2005,
 and in particular whether the integration of farms into input markets
 plays a role. Using data from a survey of 4187 agricultural households, a
 two-stage selection model is used, taking account of potential endogeneity
 of input prices. Results show that high labour price and low land
 availability are strong impediments to commercialisation of agriculture in
 the region.			     
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 137-148 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.874671 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.874671 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:1:p:137-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Khmelnitskaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khmelnitskaya 
Title: Russian housing finance policy: state-led institutional evolution 
Abstract:
 A public policy scholar sets out to investigate the reasons behind the
 exceptionally high interest rates for mortgage loans in Russia. The
 article argues that this situation can be explained by examining Russian
 government policy making in the area of housing finance during the
 post-Soviet period. Following comparative literature, the process of
 policy development over time is argued to be determined by the interaction
 of such factors as policy legacies, policy ideas, institutional
 environment and actors' interests. The article demonstrates how the agency
 model of housing finance was institutionalised in policy during the 1990s.
 The initial appeal of this model to the interest of diverse actors at
 different levels of government is explained. The subsequent evolution of
 this model towards the formation of a 'state-led model of housing finance'
 over the recent decade is traced and its limitations in producing
 sufficient volumes of mortgage funding are highlighted. The analysis, in
 addition, demonstrates that alternative policy ideas with the potential to
 generate extra volumes of mortgage finance are also available in Russia
 within the relevant policy community. Their adoption in policy is,
 however, presently blocked by the interests of the top policy officials
 seeking to increase and maintain the central role of the Russian state in
 directing the country's economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 149-175 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904104 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904104 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:149-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sta&scaron;a Tkalec 
Author-X-Name-First: Sta&scaron;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tkalec 
Author-Name: Marjan Svetli&#x10d;i&#x10d; 
Author-X-Name-First: Marjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Svetli&#x10d;i&#x10d; 
Title: Can cooperation with the BRICs and other Growth Markets help EU member states exit the crisis? 
Abstract:
 This article explores potential differences in the level and speed of
 adjustment to the new centres of economic growth (BRICs and other Growth
 Markets) between the industrial member states (EU-15) and the new members
 of the European Union (NMS). It seeks to examine whether such differences
 can be attributed to differences in policies and the countries' crisis
 exit strategies. It establishes that the NMS have been more successful in
 adjusting to the new centres of economic growth (more by way of exports
 than inward FDI), but not if Russia, easily the biggest partner of the
 NMS, is excluded from the analysis. It therefore cannot be claimed that
 this success was the result of far-sighted strategies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 176-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904106 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904106 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2013:i:2:p:176-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Max Spoor 
Author-X-Name-First: Max 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spoor 
Author-Name: Luca Tasciotti 
Author-X-Name-First: Luca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tasciotti 
Author-Name: Mihail Peleah 
Author-X-Name-First: Mihail 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peleah 
Title: Quality of life and social exclusion in rural Southern, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS 
Abstract:
 This article will focus on household access to essential social services
 provision (in particular examining access to public utilities) in
 countries of Southern, Central and Eastern Europe (SEE/CEE) and the
 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The article uses original
 household data from two rounds of the <italic>Life in Transition
 Survey</italic> (LiTS) of the European Bank for Reconstruction and
 Development (EBRD) and the World Bank, conducted in 2006 and 2010, and
 from the <italic>Social Exclusion Survey,</italic> which the United
 Nations Development Programme (UNDP) conducted in late 2009. We will focus
 our analysis on differentiation according to the locality where households
 were residing, in rural and urban areas. Large differences in access to
 essential public utilities (such as piped tap water, sewerage systems,
 telephone and internet) are shown between urban and rural areas, combined
 with marked inequality <italic>within</italic> rural areas. In addition,
 issues of social exclusion (including access to social services) and life
 satisfaction are investigated. While objective gaps in access are wide,
 subjective satisfaction with the quality of life is still higher in rural
 areas, including among those who are found to be socially excluded,
 indicating greater resilience of the rural population.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 201-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904107 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904107 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov 
Author-X-Name-First: Igor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov 
Title: Management practices in Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations: challenging some beliefs about contemporary Russian industrial management 
Abstract:
 This article reports the results of observations of management practices
 in 20 Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of Western multinational
 corporations (MNCs). I argue that to counterbalance the higher
 country-specific risks associated with investing in Russia, MNCs impose on
 their Russian subsidiaries high demands for superior performance in terms
 of both technical and economic efficiency. My observations confirm that in
 most cases such demands are successfully met by the implementation of
 highly effective practices. Thus I challenge several beliefs about
 industrial management in Russia, including the myths that Russian firms
 are hostile towards knowledge sharing and are wary of talent.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 220-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904108 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904108 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:220-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Cadil 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cadil 
Author-Name: Petr Mazouch 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazouch 
Author-Name: Petr Musil 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musil 
Author-Name: Jana Kramulova 
Author-X-Name-First: Jana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kramulova 
Title: True regional purchasing power: evidence from the Czech Republic 
Abstract:
 There is probably no question that regional price levels must be taken
 into account when any regional analysis is done and that price levels
 should be reflected in regional policies as well. The current approach of
 most researchers and policy makers is to use regional indicators
 converted, for the case of EU regions, in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS).
 Although the PPS indicators work well for countries they probably fail for
 regions. The main reason is that regional purchasing power standards do
 not reflect actual regional price levels - there is only a national parity
 (price level) which is equally applied to all the regions within a
 country. This downgrades the reliability of regional PPS indicators and
 raises serious analytical and political issues. The key problem is that
 most regional socio-economic indicators can significantly change when
 regional price levels are taken into account. The aim of this article is
 to present results of research focused on regional price levels estimation
 in the Czech Republic. The results clearly show that there are substantial
 differences between newly computed real regional indicators and currently
 used PPS indicators. The impact of these findings on regional convergence,
 households' real income and the effectiveness of cohesion policy are
 considered. This topic is broadly discussed worldwide, although in the
 Czech Republic just first attempts can be seen. Nevertheless, its
 importance will probably increase, especially in relation to the system of
 European financial aid distributed according to regional gross domestic
 product (GDP) per capita in PPS.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 241-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904109 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904109 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:241-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Merike Kukk 
Author-X-Name-First: Merike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kukk 
Author-Name: Karsten Staehr 
Author-X-Name-First: Karsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Staehr 
Title: Income underreporting by households with business income: evidence from Estonia 
Abstract:
 This article estimates the extent of income underreporting by households
 with business income relative to households of wage earners in Estonia. It
 uses a modified version of the methodology pioneered by Pissarides and
 Weber. The extent of income underreporting is estimated by comparing food
 Engel curves for households with and without reported business income. The
 baseline result is that the reported total income of households with
 business income above 20% of total income must be multiplied by 2.6 in
 order to attain the same propensity to food consumption as households of
 wage earners. In this sense, households with business income underreport
 62% of their 'true' total income. Households with reported business income
 above 0 but below 20% also underreport income but to a lesser extent. The
 estimates are higher than those found for developed countries but
 consistent with other studies of unreported activities in transition
 countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 257-276 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904110 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904110 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:257-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbi&#x10d; 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbi&#x10d; 
Author-Name: Mitja &#x10c;ok 
Author-X-Name-First: Mitja 
Author-X-Name-Last: &#x10c;ok 
Author-Name: Ana Bo&zcaron;i&#x10d; 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bo&zcaron;i&#x10d; 
Title: Demand for food during economic transition: an AIDS econometric model for Slovenia, 1988-2008 
Abstract:
 This article investigates the demand for food in Slovenia in 1988-2008 by
 employing an Almost Ideal Demand System based on Household Budget Survey
 datasets with own production included. It was established that the demand
 for food was mostly inelastic, while the responsiveness of households to
 income and food prices was in general increasing with time. Even though
 expenditure shares for food did not vary much by income brackets, there
 were some differences in the elasticities. Taking own production into
 account, the elasticities of food demand decreased. Overall, Slovenians
 preserved quite uniform nutritional habits during the transition period;
 changing to some extent with time but not much in structure by disposable
 income.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 277-295 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.904111 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.904111 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:2:p:277-295




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marijana Ba&#x111;un 
Author-X-Name-First: Marijana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ba&#x111;un 
Author-Name: Vedrana Pribi&#x10d;evi&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Vedrana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pribi&#x10d;evi&cacute; 
Author-Name: Milan Deskar-&Scaron;krbi&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Milan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deskar-&Scaron;krbi&cacute; 
Title: Government size and efficiency as constraints to economic growth: comparing Croatia with other European countries 
Abstract:
 The goal of this article is to discover binding constraints to economic
 growth in Croatia relating to government. Following a growth diagnostics
 framework, we limit our analysis to government size and efficiency as
 potential constraints to growth. We calculate the optimal size of
 government and estimate the efficiency of government spending by applying
 data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression models. Apart from Croatia,
 our results also relate to other European Union member states, Iceland and
 Norway. We find that a binding constraint to Croatia's economic growth is
 not a big government but rather a weak government plagued by corruption.
 The average optimal size of government in old EU member states is larger
 than that in new EU member states but the former need to cut their
 government expenditure more sharply in order to reach the optimal size.
 Their government spending on economic growth factors is however more
 efficient on average than that of the latter countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 297-323 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937089 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937089 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:297-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Deng 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng 
Title: Private governance under public constraints 
Abstract:
 Private communities in Chinese cities are under various constraints from
 the government. The <italic>ex ante</italic> constraints set limits on how
 the homeowners association (HOA) can be designed and set up. The
 <italic>ex post</italic> constraints affect the operation of the HOA. It
 is argued that these constraints reduce the competition among private
 communities. However, there are also unintended benefits such as
 mitigating the impact of housing segregation. Our empirical study on two
 communities in Chongqing shows the importance of public constraints and
 finds that they can become an important channel for government subsidy to
 low-income communities.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 324-340 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937090 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937090 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:324-340




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evgeny Vinokurov 
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinokurov 
Author-Name: Alexander Libman 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman 
Title: Do economic crises impede or advance regional economic integration in the post-Soviet space? 
Abstract:
 This article investigates the effect of economic crises on the development
 of post-Soviet regional integration, focusing on Russia-Kazakhstan
 relations and particularly the case of the Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan
 customs union. While the literature often argues that crises are
 accompanied by growing protectionism, we observe a substantially more
 complex relation. We find that crises as a rule result in an increase in
 integration rhetoric and can also result in an increase in actual economic
 and institutional integration. However, the actual integration effort goes
 up only when a crisis has followed a prolonged period of economic growth,
 i.e. the countries have accumulated sufficient reserves. At the same time,
 the existing ties must be strong, with no viable alternative available to
 the policy makers. Otherwise there is too strong an incentive to use
 protectionist measures to compensate for the decrease in budgetary
 revenue.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 341-358 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937094 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937094 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:341-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umut K&#x131;l&#x131;n� 
Author-X-Name-First: Umut 
Author-X-Name-Last: K&#x131;l&#x131;n� 
Title: Productivity and factor misallocation in Ukraine: the role of state ownership 
Abstract:
 This study explores firm dynamics and the efficiency of factor allocation
 in manufacturing and business service sectors of Ukraine. The period under
 study was one of rapid growth at the economy level, while the main sectors
 have undergone considerable churn and reallocation. The findings are based
 on an analysis of firm-level data and display dramatically different
 pictures for the two main sectors. In business services large
 establishments that are mostly state-owned use an important portion of
 production factors inefficiently. Firms need to be very productive to
 enter the market and, on average, exiting firms are more productive than
 incumbents in business services. In contrast, in manufacturing industries
 the market selection mechanism is effective, the state-owned firms are as
 productive as private establishments and factor allocation is more
 efficient.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 359-375 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937095 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937095 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:359-375




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne-Laure Delatte 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Laure 
Author-X-Name-Last: Delatte 
Author-Name: Julien Fouquau 
Author-X-Name-First: Julien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fouquau 
Author-Name: Carsten Holz 
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holz 
Title: Explaining money demand in China during the transition from a centrally planned to a market-based monetary system 
Abstract:
 Fundamental changes in institutions during the transition from a centrally
 planned to a market economy present a formidable challenge to monetary
 policy decision makers. For the case of China, we examine the
 institutional changes in the monetary system during the process of
 transition and develop money demand functions that reflect these
 institutional changes. We consider seasonal unit roots and estimate
 long-run, equilibrium money demand functions, explicitly taking into
 consideration the changes in the institutional characteristics of China's
 financial system. Using a newly compiled dataset that covers an
 unprecedentedly long period, 1984-2010, with quarterly frequency, we are
 able to draw conclusions on the transitions in households', firms' and
 aggregate money demand, on the role of the credit plan and interest rates,
 on the mechanisms of macroeconomic control during economic transition, and
 on theoretical questions in the development and money literature.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 376-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937099 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937099 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:376-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magdalena Smyk 
Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyk 
Author-Name: Joanna Tyrowicz 
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tyrowicz 
Author-Name: Barbara Liberda 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liberda 
Title: Age-productivity patterns in talent occupations for men and women: a decomposition 
Abstract:
 One could expect that in the so-called talent occupations, while access to
 these professions may differ between men and women, the gender wage gap
 should actually be smaller owing to the high relevance of human capital
 quality. Wage regressions typically suggest an inverted U-shaped
 age-productivity pattern. However, such analyses confuse age, cohort and
 year effects. Deaton decomposition allows us to disentangle these effects.
 We apply this method to investigate the age-productivity pattern for the
 so-called 'talent' occupations. Using data from a transition economy
 (Poland) we find that talent occupations indeed have a steeper
 age-productivity pattern. However, gender differences are larger for
 talent occupations than for general occupations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 401-414 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937100 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937100 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:401-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kobil Ruziev 
Author-X-Name-First: Kobil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruziev 
Author-Name: Peter Midmore 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Midmore 
Title: Informal credit institutions in transition countries: a study of urban money lenders in post-communist Uzbekistan 
Abstract:
 Research on informal financial institutions in transition economies is
 scant. This study investigates behaviour of urban money lenders in
 Uzbekistan. Money lending in Uzbekistan is a relatively new business which
 emerged mostly in response to targeted demand from fellow entrepreneurs
 during transition. We find that their lending behaviour is more stringent
 than suggested by previous studies of rural money lenders. They always
 require collateral, do not engage with the poor and avoid lending for
 consumption purposes. Their lending is short-term and targeted on specific
 business opportunities which enjoy healthy cash flows and offer quick
 returns. They have limited outreach from serving networks of connections
 within small geographical localities. Since they rely exclusively on their
 own resources for loanable funds, they often have to ration their loans.
 They actively use all available information and instruments to reduce
 default risks. Although borrowers live in closer geographical proximity to
 lenders in urban areas, they are also engaged in various heterogeneous
 activities and are more self-reliant with respect to the local community,
 which reduces the accuracy of money lenders' assessment of the character
 of borrowers as well as of their ability to repay.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 415-435 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937107 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937107 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:3:p:415-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Mau 
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mau 
Title: Challenges of Russian economic policy: modernisation or acceleration? (<italic>perestroika</italic> or <italic>uskorenie</italic>) 
Abstract:
 This article deals with current Russian social and economic development
 and economic policy as well as their mid-term trends. The author discusses
 the logic and trends of the global crisis that started in 2008. This is
 the basis for further analysis of Russian economic performance with
 special emphasis on the problem of growth rate deceleration, its reasons
 and possible instruments for renewed acceleration. Special attention is
 paid to economic risks and priorities of economic policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 437-458 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964458 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964458 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:437-458




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomislav Globan 
Author-X-Name-First: Tomislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Globan 
Title: Testing the 'trilemma' in post-transition Europe - a new empirical measure of capital mobility 
Abstract:
 This article develops a new empirical measure of capital mobility. It
 tests the hypothesis that the degree of capital mobility can be estimated
 by measuring the reaction intensity of capital flows to shocks in interest
 rates on a sample of eight European post-transition economies. This
 hypothesis can be derived from the Mundell-Fleming open economy model, the
 implications of which are essentially based on the assumption of a close
 link between the degree of capital mobility in a country and the reaction
 of its capital flows to changes in domestic and external interest rates.
 Precisely because of this interrelationship, policy makers, in theory,
 face the policy 'trilemma' or the 'impossible trinity', i.e. the inability
 to achieve the following three objectives simultaneously - a stable
 exchange rate, financial openness and an independent monetary policy.
 Using impulse response and historical decomposition analysis in a VAR
 framework, the results show a significant increase in the explanatory
 power of interest rates for the movement of capital flows shortly before
 and after the accession of post-transition economies to the European
 Union. On the other hand, the recent financial crisis made capital flows
 less sensitive to interest rates owing to increased risk aversion on
 international capital markets. Results suggest that the degree of capital
 mobility, i.e. the level of financial integration with EU-15, is highest
 in Bulgaria, Latvia and Lithuania and least pronounced in Poland and
 Croatia. Results are verified by a number of robustness checks, with three
 separate alternative measures of capital mobility confirming the results
 obtained from the econometric model.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 459-476 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964459 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964459 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:459-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Velibor Ma&#x10d;ki&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Velibor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma&#x10d;ki&cacute; 
Author-Name: Blanka &Scaron;krabi&cacute; Peri&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Blanka 
Author-X-Name-Last: &Scaron;krabi&cacute; Peri&cacute; 
Author-Name: Petar Sori&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Petar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sori&cacute; 
Title: Systemic competitiveness of post-socialist and capitalist economies: a broader look at the competitiveness debate 
Abstract:
 International competitiveness studies have hitherto mainly been focused on
 constructing ranking schemes. This article adds to the literature by
 analysing World Competitiveness Yearbook data in order to econometrically
 pinpoint the crucial competitiveness determinants for 35 countries.
 Applying the system GMM panel data estimator to post-socialist (PS) and
 capitalist countries separately, several conclusions emerge: i) small and
 medium enterprises are the main competitiveness generator in the PS block
 (in contrast to large corporations in the capitalist economies), ii)
 credit rating is highly relevant in both groups, iii) increasing labour
 market flexibility in PS countries plays a vital role in boosting
 competitiveness.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 477-497 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964463 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964463 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:477-497




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julien Vercueil 
Author-X-Name-First: Julien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vercueil 
Title: Could Russia become more innovative? Coordinating key actors of the innovation system 
Abstract:
 This article studies the current development of the Russian innovation
 system, using a typology derived from a 'national innovation systems'
 framework. The institutional framework for research and development in
 Russia has changed. Public resources devoted to R&D have increased
 significantly. Nevertheless, results have been disappointing so far,
 driving policy makers to develop an extensive vision of the state's role,
 ranging from the definition of objectives and priorities to the building
 of organisations designed to give decisive impetus to targeted sectors.
 The article supports the view that, beyond top-down planning, subsidies
 and fiscal incentives, a systemic - and so far overlooked - task of the
 state is to set the institutional conditions that can foster collaboration
 between actors who do not spontaneously develop cooperation skills.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 498-521 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964464 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964464 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:498-521




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Golovina 
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovina 
Author-Name: Sebastian Hess 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hess 
Author-Name: Jerker Nilsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson 
Author-Name: Axel Wolz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz 
Title: Social capital in Russian agricultural production co-operatives 
Abstract:
 When the Soviet <italic>kolkhozy</italic> and <italic>sovkhozy</italic>
 were converted, a large number of agricultural production co-operatives
 was created. Most of these co-operatives still exist in Russia and some of
 them have a strong market position, accounting for almost one-third of the
 aggregate volume produced by large farms. This study explores whether
 social capital might be the explanation for this relative success, i.e.
 that members support their co-operative because they trust their fellow
 members as well as the leadership. Interviews with co-operative members
 resulted in 1401 usable answers. The results from an ordered logit model
 indicate that social capital plays a partial role. Members who consider
 co-operatives to be an efficient business form value social ties to other
 members, even though the leadership does not enjoy much social capital.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 522-536 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964465 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964465 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:522-536




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren 
Title: Human capital and Russia's agricultural future 
Abstract:
 Russian agriculture has rebounded from the depths of the 1990s but
 significant challenges remain. This article documents deficiencies in
 rural human capital, specifically, a contracting rural labour force, a
 shortage of skilled workers, and migratory outflow of the rural young.
 These problems are compounded by emerging budgetary constraints, slower
 economic growth and de-mechanisation of agricultural labour. State policy
 prioritises food production but does not allocate sufficient resources to
 supporting human capital on which food production depends. As a result,
 the base of human capital will continue to erode, thereby damaging
 leadership aspirations and Russian competitiveness in the global food
 market.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 537-554 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964467 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.964467 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:537-554




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Pokrivcak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pokrivcak 
Author-Name: Miroslava Rajcaniova 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslava 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajcaniova 
Title: Price transmission along the food supply chain in Slovakia 
Abstract:
 This article examines the price relationship along the food supply chain
 in Slovakia. We analyse a long-run relationship between farm and retail
 level in the vertical chain of milk, beef, pork, chicken, potatoes and
 apples. A cointegration approach is used to study the long-run
 relationship. We test for the existence of a structural break in the time
 series data (Gregory Hansen test) in the period observed and allow for the
 existence of a non-linear relationship between prices at various levels of
 the vertical chain by using threshold autoregressive models. We find
 evidence of asymmetry in price transmission along the food supply chain.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 555-568 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.937111 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2014.937111 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:26:y:2014:i:4:p:555-568




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yulia Melikhova 
Author-X-Name-First: Yulia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Melikhova 
Author-Name: Ladislav Baz&#x2d8;� 
Author-X-Name-First: Ladislav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baz&#x2d8;� 
Author-Name: Ivana Holubcova 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holubcova 
Author-Name: Jos� A. Camacho 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos� A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Camacho 
Title: Trade in services and tertiarisation of the Visegr�d Four economies 
Abstract:
 After several decades of planned economy and manufacturing-oriented
 economic policy, during the last 20 years the Visegr�d Four (V4) countries
 (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia) have been experiencing
 a shift towards a market economy combined with intensification of services
 activity. This has resulted in increasing participation in international
 services trade and in becoming an important destination for services
 foreign direct investment. In addition to analysis of the changes services
 trade has been experiencing in the V4 countries, the objective of this
 article is to investigate whether a parallel process of tertiarisation has
 been taking place. In other words, we aim to find out whether the V4
 production systems have been intensifying the employment of services
 intermediate inputs.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 1-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992219 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992219 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:1-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Artem Vdovychenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Artem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vdovychenko 
Author-Name: Artur Zubrytskyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Artur 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zubrytskyi 
Title: Opportunities for fiscal devaluation in small open economies: the case of Ukraine 
Abstract:
 This article examines the effects of fiscal devaluation on the trade
 balance of a country with a small open economy. It is assumed that
 typically such countries are price takers, which means low price
 elasticity of exports and imports. If this assumption is true, then it is
 impossible to make an impact on the trade balance through the price
 mechanism and, accordingly, fiscal devaluation will not have significant
 effects. To confirm or reject this hypothesis it is necessary to determine
 causal relationships between changes in the fiscal devaluation indicator
 and trade balance dynamics. Applying a series of causality tests to
 Ukrainian data, the authors argue that the dynamics of trade balance cause
 changes in VAT and social security contributions. The opposite causality
 was not detected. This is treated as evidence of fiscal devaluation's
 inefficiency in economies like Ukraine on one hand and of the price-taking
 characteristics of Ukraine on the other. The potential null effect of
 fiscal devaluation was confirmed with SVAR modeling.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 23-40 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992221 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992221 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:23-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C�line Bonnefond 
Author-X-Name-First: C�line 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnefond 
Author-Name: Matthieu Cl�ment 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cl�ment 
Author-Name: Fran�ois Combarnous 
Author-X-Name-First: Fran�ois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Combarnous 
Title: In search of the elusive Chinese urban middle class: an exploratory analysis 
Abstract:
 This article aims to identify and characterise the Chinese urban middle
 class. We propose to improve the description of the middle class using an
 innovative approach combining an economic approach (based on income) and a
 sociological approach (based on education and occupation). The empirical
 investigations conducted as part of this research are based on the China
 Health and Nutrition Survey (2009). First, we define the middle income
 class as households with an annual per capita income between 10,000 yuan
 and the 95th percentile. On this basis, approximately 50% of urban
 households may be said to belong to the middle class. Second, we use
 information on employment and education to characterise the heterogeneity
 of the middle income class. Using clustering methods, we identify four
 groups: (i) the elderly and the inactive middle class, mainly composed of
 pensioners; (ii) the old middle class, composed of self-employed workers;
 (iii) the marginal middle class, composed of skilled and unskilled
 workers; and (iv) the new middle class, composed of highly educated wage
 earners in the public sector. We show that the different groups have
 distinctive features based on variables such as housing and household
 appliances and equipment.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 41-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992223 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992223 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:41-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Philippidis 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Philippidis 
Author-Name: Pierre Boulanger 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boulanger 
Author-Name: Emanuele Ferrari 
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari 
Author-Name: Jerzy Michalek 
Author-X-Name-First: Jerzy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Michalek 
Author-Name: Helena Resano 
Author-X-Name-First: Helena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Resano 
Author-Name: Ana I. Sanju�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana I. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanju�n 
Author-Name: Cristina Vinyes 
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinyes 
Title: The costs of EU club membership: agri-food and economy-wide impact in Croatia 
Abstract:
 Over the last 25 years Croatia's transition from a war-torn region of the
 former Yugoslavia to a fully independent nation has left a lasting mark.
 In 2013 Croatia took another step toward peace and stability by becoming
 the 28th member of the European Union (EU). Employing a quantitative
 framework to examine the economic impact of Croatian accession, results
 show that agricultural transfer payments are a key component of the
 accession deal, whilst a 'deep integration' scenario yields significant
 Croatian real income gains. Finally, comparing EU market access via tariff
 and non-tariff shocks, in Croatian agro-food sectors the former has a
 greater impact on output.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 60-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992225 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992225 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:60-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. Sakowski 
Author-X-Name-First: K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakowski 
Author-Name: M. Vadi 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vadi 
Author-Name: J. Merik�ll 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merik�ll 
Title: Formalisation of organisational structure as a subject of path dependency: an example from Central and Eastern Europe 
Abstract:
 This study examines the characteristics of organisational structures in
 Central and Eastern Europe using the example of Estonia. In particular,
 the formalisation level of the structures as a subject of path-dependent
 developments is observed. Quantitative and qualitative research methods
 are combined for the empirical evidence and data from three different
 sources are employed: the European Social Survey, the survey of Estonian
 managers and interviews with managers from Estonian software companies.
 The authors show that the communist past still affects organisational life
 today. The path this past created affects the organisational structures in
 the present in two ways: first, a kind of structural inertia can be
 observed, where the Soviet style of management with its high formalisation
 is still present today and limits employees' freedom to deal with their
 work. Second, an opposite trend can be revealed for the other actors in
 the same game, the managers, as another kind of path dependency exists - a
 process where the past has caused a powerful response, forcing the actors
 to react against the Soviet management style. We demonstrate that this
 path dependency can be perceived differently by different actors in an
 organisation and we show that the path dependency is a complex issue with
 many nuances within it.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 76-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992229 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992229 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:76-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ksenija Den&#x10d;i&cacute;-Mihajlov 
Author-X-Name-First: Ksenija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Den&#x10d;i&cacute;-Mihajlov 
Author-Name: Dejan Malini&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Dejan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malini&cacute; 
Author-Name: Konrad Grabi&#x144;ski 
Author-X-Name-First: Konrad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grabi&#x144;ski 
Title: Capital structure and liquidity during the financial crisis in Serbia: implications for the sustainability of the economy 
Abstract:
 This article employs a new database containing the accounting data from
 108 Serbian-listed companies to document the peculiarity of the
 relationship between liquidity and capital structure characteristics
 during the crisis period (from 2008 to 2011). We find a significant
 negative impact of the quick ratio, the cash gap and the revenue quality
 on leverage and a positive and statistically significant impact of the
 free cash flow variable and its volatility on leverage. The main finding
 of this research, relevant to both firm managers and policy makers, is
 that during the crisis period companies transferred a significant part of
 the financing burden to their suppliers. Since suppliers are exposed to
 similar problems during a crisis, the problem of liquidity spirals and the
 risk of bankruptcy threatens both individual companies and the whole
 economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 91-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992234 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992234 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:91-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ru&zcaron;ica &Scaron;imi&cacute; Banovi&cacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Ru&zcaron;ica 
Author-X-Name-Last: &Scaron;imi&cacute; Banovi&cacute; 
Title: Cutting the red ribbon but not the red tape: the failure of business environment reform in Croatia 
Abstract:
 Hitrorez was an initiative that was supposed to significantly reduce the
 regulatory burden and improve the business climate. Yet, despite all the
 institutional and policy transfer lessons applied, this large-scale reform
 attempt finished abruptly. This article seeks to identify and explain the
 reasons for its failure and reflect on the influence of path dependence on
 reform implementation in a fresh capitalist state. Moreover, it provides a
 transitional society perspective on the duration of reforms, their
 (ir)-reversibility and the primacy of personal ties and interests over
 organisational forms and norms. It confirms the persistence and the lack
 of 'ability to fight against' deeply embedded informal constraints in a
 post-socialist socio-economic system.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 106-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.992239 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.992239 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:1:p:106-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D�ra Gy&#x151;rffy 
Author-X-Name-First: D�ra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gy&#x151;rffy 
Title: Austerity and growth in Central and Eastern Europe: understanding the link through contrasting crisis management in Hungary and Latvia 
Abstract:
 Within the context of international debates on fiscal consolidation this
 article examines the experience of the 10 Central and Eastern European
 countries which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 (CEE-10) and asks how
 austerity influenced growth in the region. By looking at the composition
 of adjustment, the analysis confirms the pre-crisis consensus - from the
 perspective of economic growth and competitiveness, expenditure-based
 consolidations are superior to consolidations which are based on raising
 revenue. The mechanisms behind this outcome are examined by comparing the
 fiscal consolidations in Latvia and Hungary, which represent two different
 approaches to fiscal consolidation. While Latvia followed the textbook
 approach, Hungary aimed to save households from the burden of adjustment
 and stimulate the economy. Although both achieved substantial improvements
 in their fiscal balance, competitive gains and dynamic growth appeared
 only in the case of Latvia. In explaining this outcome, the article
 emphasises the consequences of unorthodox measures on expectations - while
 a shared economic philosophy fostered trust and confidence among the major
 actors in Latvia, growing state intervention and the deterioration of
 institutional quality increased uncertainty in Hungary and undermined
 long-term growth prospects.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 129-152 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026682 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026682 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:129-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin C. Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Author-Name: Ioana Horodnic 
Author-X-Name-First: Ioana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Horodnic 
Title: Marginalisation and participation in the informal economy in Central and Eastern European nations 
Abstract:
 To evaluate the 'marginalisation thesis', which holds that marginalised
 populations are more likely to participate in the informal economy, this
 article reports a 2013 special Eurobarometer survey conducted in 11
 Central and Eastern European countries. Using multilevel mixed-effects
 logistic regression analysis, the finding is that although some
 marginalised populations (i.e. the unemployed, those having difficulties
 paying their household bills, younger age groups) are significantly more
 likely to participate in the informal economy, others are not (e.g. those
 in poorer countries, living in rural areas, with less formal education).
 Yet others (e.g. women) are significantly less likely to participate in
 the informal economy. The outcome is a call for a more nuanced
 understanding of the marginalisation thesis as valid for some marginalised
 populations but not others. The article concludes by discussing the
 implications for theory and policy of this more variegated assessment of
 the marginalisation thesis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 153-169 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026686 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026686 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:153-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji&#x159;� Ve&#x10c;ern�k 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji&#x159;� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ve&#x10c;ern�k 
Author-Name: Martina Mys�kov� 
Author-X-Name-First: Martina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mys�kov� 
Title: GDP and life satisfaction in European countries - focus on transition 
Abstract:
 This article contributes to the debate about the impact of the transition
 on subjective well-being. After reviewing the relevant literature the
 authors draw on the surveys of the European Values Study of 1991, 1999 and
 2008 to describe the trends in life satisfaction in 13 Western and 11
 Eastern countries. The analysis finds that life satisfaction levels in
 transition countries have come to approach those in the West: the 'rather
 unhappy' 1990s were followed by the 'rather happy' 2000s. The
 strengthening correlation between life satisfaction and GDP reflects this
 process of convergence. The characteristics of respondents, however, are
 more important than the national GDP, and a regression of life
 satisfaction with basic demographic and stratification variables shows
 their reinforcing effect, especially in Eastern countries. The findings of
 other surveys reporting on developments of attitudes since 2008 vary but
 are far from proving a uniform negative impact of economic recession on
 life satisfaction.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 170-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026687 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026687 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:170-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iryna Kryvoruchko 
Author-X-Name-First: Iryna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kryvoruchko 
Title: Russia's flat tax reform: redefining its effects on employment 
Abstract:
 In 2001 Russia's Tax Department replaced a three-band progressive tax
 schedule with a flat personal income tax rate of 13%. This article
 evaluates the employment response to the flat income tax using the data
 from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. With these data,
 employment can be classified along two dimensions: primary vs. secondary
 and official vs. unofficial. This article finds that individuals respond
 to lower taxes by devoting less time to secondary employment. Official and
 unofficial employment, on the other hand, remain unaffected by the
 flattening of the tax schedule. These results are robust to various
 specifications.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 188-204 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026689 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026689 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:188-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: &Scaron;tefan Bojnec 
Author-X-Name-First: &Scaron;tefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec 
Author-Name: Imre Fert&#x151; 
Author-X-Name-First: Imre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fert&#x151; 
Title: Are new EU member states catching up with older ones on global agri-food markets? 
Abstract:
 This article investigates price and quality competitiveness and
 comparative advantage in the new and old European Union member states'
 agri-food trade on the global market between 2000 and 2011. The empirical
 results show that the new and old member states have become more similar
 in successful agri-food competitiveness and comparative advantages. The
 shares of successful price and successful quality competition were greater
 in the structure of the two-way matched agri-food trade than the shares of
 unsuccessful price and unsuccessful quality competition. Only the one-way
 export share or the one-way import share was less important in their
 agri-food trade structures. Successful price competition and successful
 quality competition were consistent with revealed comparative advantage as
 confirmed by the duration analysis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 205-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026690 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026690 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:205-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anton Oleinik 
Author-X-Name-First: Anton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oleinik 
Title: Benefits of entry control: the Russian case 
Abstract:
 This article compares an original theory of gatekeeping and public choice
 theory, confronting them with data from an emerging market, Russia. It
 argues that the former theory produces riskier predictions than the latter
 one. The Popperian criteria for falsification of a theory suggest that the
 riskier the predictions the theory produces, the more confidence we have
 in the outcomes of its falsification. Theory of public choice predicts
 that either the government wins and business loses (the tollbooth
 hypothesis) or business wins and the government loses (regulatory capture
 theory). The theory of gatekeeping predicts that both the government and
 business win. Furthermore, the third agent's (the population's) pecuniary
 interests are also supposedly associated with the interests of the first
 two agents. A series of econometric tests using sub-national data from
 Russia show that the gatekeeper's interests are indeed positively
 associated with the interests of the businesses that manage to get
 admitted to the field of transactions. The population's interests also
 turn out to be correlated with the interests of the gatekeeper and
 business. The gains of the three agents tend to be unequally distributed,
 however. The market system in Russia ultimately works in the interests of
 state representatives who assume the gatekeeper's role and to a lesser
 extent in the interests of selected businesses.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 216-232 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026695 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026695 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:216-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Lou&zcaron;ek 
Author-X-Name-First: Marek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lou&zcaron;ek 
Author-Name: Jan Skope&#x10c;ek 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skope&#x10c;ek 
Title: Structural problems of the Czech economy 
Abstract:
 The aim of this article is to examine the structural causes of stagnation
 of the Czech economy. The first part shows the decline of the Czech
 economy as a medium-term problem. The second part analyses the structural
 causes of the decline of the Czech economy: high public spending,
 government regulation, subsidies and instability of the legal system. The
 third part discusses the external factors of the development of the Czech
 economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 233-246 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026697 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026697 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:233-246




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jelena Budak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jelena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Budak 
Author-Name: Maru&scaron;ka Vizek 
Author-X-Name-First: Maru&scaron;ka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vizek 
Title: The corruption mark-up: is corruption cost incorporated in the prices of goods and services in emerging and developed countries? 
Abstract:
 We use panel data models on a dataset covering 32 European countries in
 order to investigate the effect of corruption on the aggregate price
 level. Along with modeling the overall price level, we also separately
 model the price levels of consumer goods and consumer services,
 controlling for other factors that commonly influence the price level in
 an economy, such as income, trade openness, fiscal dominance, the
 intensity of local market competition and real money supply. Our results
 suggest that, in addition to already established adverse economic outcomes
 of corruption (such as lower growth, an inefficient public sector,
 underinvestment and increased cost of doing business), corruption in
 emerging economies also increases the general price level, thus in turn
 affecting the overall cost of living. This effect of corruption is twice
 as strong for consumer services as for consumer goods. Unlike in emerging
 countries, in developed countries corruption does not seem to affect price
 level determination.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 247-255 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026702 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026702 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:247-255




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oyunbadam Davaakhuu 
Author-X-Name-First: Oyunbadam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davaakhuu 
Author-Name: Kishor Sharma 
Author-X-Name-First: Kishor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma 
Author-Name: Edward Oczkowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oczkowski 
Title: Has foreign investment played a role in Mongolia's export success? 
Abstract:
 The exposure of the Mongolian economy to international trade in the early
 1990s has led to its export growth exceeding GDP growth and a dramatic
 increase in inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Although FDI can
 act as a powerful channel for export expansion in a developing country
 like Mongolia, improved export performance could also be due to other
 factors, such as movements in prices, competitive exchange rates and world
 income. In spite of Mongolia's superior export performance, as yet, no
 study has been conducted to investigate the determinants of Mongolian
 export demand and supply. Using a panel data set covering 1995-2012 for
 the mining, manufacturing and primary sectors, we analyse the determinants
 of export performance. Empirical results suggest that higher world income,
 higher prices for Mongolian exports and increased FDI inflows have led to
 improved export performance in Mongolia. There is no statistical evidence
 to suggest that trade liberalisation and improved provision of basic
 infrastructure have had any impact on Mongolia's export expansion.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 256-267 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026707 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026707 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:256-267




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tuyen Quang Tran 
Author-X-Name-First: Tuyen Quang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran 
Author-Name: Son Hong Nguyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Son Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen 
Author-Name: Huong Van Vu 
Author-X-Name-First: Huong Van 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu 
Author-Name: Viet Quoc Nguyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Viet Quoc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen 
Title: A note on poverty among ethnic minorities in the Northwest region of Vietnam 
Abstract:
 This article is the first to investigate both community and household
 determinants of poverty among ethnic minorities in the Northwest region of
 Vietnam. Results of a fractional logit and a logit model show that fixed
 assets, education and off-farm employment, among other household factors,
 have a strongly reducing effect on both the intensity and incidence of
 poverty. Furthermore, some commune characteristics were found to be
 closely linked to poverty. Notably, the presence of means of transport and
 post offices significantly reduces both poverty intensity and incidence.
 However, other commune and household factors affect only poverty incidence
 or intensity but not both. Hence, a typical approach using a logit/probit
 model that only examined the determinants of poverty incidence did not
 adequately evaluate or even ignored important impacts of some factors on
 poverty intensity. We draw both socio-economic household and commune level
 implications for poverty alleviation in the study area.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 268-281 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1026716 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026716 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:2:p:268-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Fortescue 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortescue 
Author-Name: Philip Hanson 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson 
Title: What drives Russian outward foreign direct investment? Some observations on the steel industry 
Abstract:
 In this article we look at the rise and fall of outward foreign direct
 investment (OFDI) by Russian steel companies - a big expansion abroad from
 the mid-2000s and a major retrenchment since the end of the decade. We try
 to determine what drove the expansion and what might be the implications
 of the retrenchment. We look at the commercial motivations that are the
 staples of the general OFDI literature but also, given the peculiar if not
 unique features of Russian business and state, we consider political
 explanations - whether business invests abroad in order to escape a
 predatory state or alternatively to serve the foreign policy objectives of
 the state. We also consider 'psychological' explanations, specifically the
 possible 'irrational' if not 'irresponsible exuberance' of hard-driving
 Russian oligarchs. It is expected that the discussion will allow some
 significant, albeit tentative, conclusions on Russian big business and its
 place in the global economy.The article is structured as follows: an
 outline of the key characteristics of the Russian steel industry; a
 presentation of the possible explanations for Russian steel OFDI; a
 summary of the OFDI activities of the six biggest Russian steel companies,
 with particular emphasis on three; an examination of the possible
 explanations in the light of their activities; and conclusions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 283-305 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055962 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055962 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:283-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jo&zcaron;e Damijan 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo&zcaron;e 
Author-X-Name-Last: Damijan 
Author-Name: &#x10c;rt Kostevc 
Author-X-Name-First: &#x10c;rt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kostevc 
Author-Name: Matija Rojec 
Author-X-Name-First: Matija 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojec 
Title: Bright past, shady future? Past and potential future export performance of CEE countries in a comparative perspective 
Abstract:
 This article examines the reasons behind the remarkable export performance
 of transition economies in the last two decades. Following Redding and
 Venables and Fugazza, we decompose export performance into the gains due
 to the advantageous access to foreign markets and export gains on the
 basis of internal supply capacity. We find that size of the economy,
 inward FDI penetration, most notably in the manufacturing sector, export
 unit values, denoting the structural changes of CEECs' exports, and the
 quality of institutions and infrastructure had a significant positive
 impact on exporting countries' supply capacity, while productivity had a
 negative impact. The latter is mostly due to unfavourable trends in ULC
 since EU accession. Unlike in EU-15 and BRIC countries, internal supply
 capacity is becoming decreasingly important as a basis of CEECs' export
 performance. At the same time, trends in cost competitiveness are
 worsening relative to competing countries, while benefits of EU accession
 have been mostly exploited. This may compromise the CEECs' future export
 growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 306-335 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055965 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055965 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:306-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zengji Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Zengji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Author-Name: Abraham Nahm 
Author-X-Name-First: Abraham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nahm 
Author-Name: Zongyi Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zongyi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: The value of partial state ownership in publicly listed private sector enterprises: evidence from China 
Abstract:
 This article highlights a certain dimension of political connection,
 namely partial state ownership in private sector enterprises (PSEs). Using
 a dataset of publically listed PSEs in China, we empirically investigate
 the effects of partial state ownership of PSEs upon firm performance. We
 demonstrate channels through which the benefits of partial state ownership
 are realised in terms of easier access to resources such as credit and
 industries to which entry is restricted by formal barriers, which
 ultimately increases the performance of firms. We also find some evidence
 that political participation of private sector entrepreneurs, another
 dimension of political connection, becomes less valuable when partial
 state ownership of PSEs is present.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 336-353 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055967 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055967 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:336-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lev Freinkman 
Author-X-Name-First: Lev 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freinkman 
Author-Name: Andrei Yakovlev 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yakovlev 
Title: Institutional frameworks to support regulatory reform in middle-income economies: lessons from Russia's recent experience 
Abstract:
 This article addresses sustainable institutional arrangements to support
 economy-wide improvements in the investment climate in the context of a
 middle-income economy. The recent experience of the Agency for Strategic
 Initiatives (ASI) in Russia provides a valuable example of establishing a
 new government agency to advance economic deregulation in an environment
 where the political appetite for reform is limited. In our view, ASI has
 been the most successful institutional innovation to emerge in Russia
 since the 2008-09 financial crisis. Rather than engage in the traditional
 tussle over budget funds and benefits, ASI's mandate has been to organise
 a strategic dialogue with the private sector and build consensus within
 the government. We consider ASI's institutional set-up in light of the
 good practice principles adopted under Russia's 'new industrial policy'.
 Our findings suggest other middle-income economies may find ASI's
 experience applicable when designing institutions to support a
 deregulation reform agenda. While the crisis in Ukraine has triggered a
 fundamental shift in Russia's development path that is likely to make
 ASI's deregulation efforts largely irrelevant, the agency's practical
 experience remains pertinent to the broader discussion of institutional
 arrangements to promote deregulation.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 354-369 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055969 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055969 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:354-369




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andriy Matyukha 
Author-X-Name-First: Andriy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matyukha 
Author-Name: Peter Voigt 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Voigt 
Author-Name: Axel Wolz 
Author-X-Name-First: Axel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz 
Title: Agro-holdings in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan: temporary phenomenon or permanent business form? Farm-level evidence from Moscow and Belgorod regions 
Abstract:
 The transition process did not affect the organisation of agricultural
 production as originally anticipated. Since the late 1990s, in Russia and
 some other CIS countries, numerous large-scale agro-holdings emerged which
 agglomerated multiple farms, entities of the upstream and downstream
 sectors of agribusiness, as well as non-agricultural industries. Owing to
 the common practice of registering such affiliated farms/firms as
 independent business units, data on agro-holdings' aggregate group
 performance are extremely scarce. It is therefore difficult to capture
 their emergence, determinants of growth and developmental prospects.This
 study is based on a unique panel dataset from Moscow and Belgorod regions.
 The growth trajectories of farms affiliated to agro-holdings
 <italic>vis-�-vis</italic> independent farms were investigated by applying
 a quantile regression approach. Overall, only minor differences were
 found. Any advantages of affiliated farms appear to be due to extramural
 factors; i.e. it is all about how to link individual production units,
 thus benefiting from strong positioning in local and regional markets and
 making the most of lobbying and ties to relevant politicians. In sum,
 agro-holdings are expected to remain as a model for organising
 agricultural production.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 370-394 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055976 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055976 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:370-394




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jelena Zarkovic-Rakic 
Author-X-Name-First: Jelena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zarkovic-Rakic 
Title: Employment effects of tax cuts in a transition country: evidence from Serbia 
Abstract:
 During the years preceding the current crisis Serbia had relatively high
 GDP growth rates. It seems, however, that these growth rates did not have
 much impact on the employment growth rate, which has been rather low and
 even negative since 2000. Given that there is quite a high tax wedge in
 the country, we analyse the impact of labour tax cuts through a reduction
 in social security contributions on the employment rate for workers of
 different skill types. Results show that tax shifting is higher, that is,
 wages will increase more as a result of reduced social contributions for
 high-skilled than for low-skilled workers. From a policy perspective our
 results indicate that it could be more effective to focus on selective tax
 reductions instead of applying across-the-board tax cuts.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 395-410 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055982 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055982 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:395-410




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ale&scaron; Rod 
Author-X-Name-First: Ale&scaron; 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rod 
Title: Consolidation of communist bad loans through state-operated institutions in the Czech Republic, 1990-2013 
Abstract:
 This article deals with the 'old bad loans' problem in the Czech Republic.
 The issue with classified loans provided by the socialist monobank State
 Bank of Czechoslovakia before 1989 had been solved through special
 consolidation institutions operated by the government in the 1990s and
 2000s. The topic seems to be quite historical but infact the opposite is
 true - the state's involvement in the process of consolidation of bad
 loans created good conditions for rent seekers, whose efforts led to
 out-of-court remuneration, i.e. additional costs of consolidation for
 Czech public finances in 2013. The article consists of a broad analysis of
 the Czech way of bad loan consolidation using information from financial
 statements and reports of consolidation institutions, and a calculation of
 returns from individual and block sales of receivables. The calculations
 show individual sales had higher return ratios than block sales, while the
 average return to nominal value was under 20%. A comparison with the
 different Slovak approach to the problem is also included.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 411-427 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055984 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055984 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:411-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Pierre Allegret 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Allegret 
Author-Name: Audrey Sallenave 
Author-X-Name-First: Audrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sallenave 
Title: Capital flow bonanzas and monetary policy in emerging Europe: responses to the global financial crisis 
Abstract:
 We analyse the conduct of monetary policy in some new member states of the
 EU and some EU candidates over the period 2000-13. We investigate why
 monetary policy has been ineffective in insulating domestic liquidity from
 capital inflows and why some countries from emerging Europe have been
 especially constrained in responding to the crisis. Our contribution is
 threefold. First, we show that countries with fixed exchange rate regimes
 have encountered significant obstacles to conducting monetary policy to
 cope with large capital inflows and credit booms during the period
 preceding the financial crisis. Second, we illuminate how pegged countries
 have been more constrained in responding to the global financial crisis
 than non-pegged economies. Third, countries with high currency mismatch
 and financial vulnerabilities seem unable to adopt monetary policy
 dedicated only to macroeconomic stabilisation.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 429-447 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084709 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084709 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:429-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Canfei He 
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Author-Name: Xiuzhen Xie 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiuzhen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xie 
Author-Name: Shengjun Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Shengjun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Going global: understanding China's outward foreign direct investment from motivational and institutional perspectives 
Abstract:
 Using recent Chinese data on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI)
 (2003-11), this study shows that Chinese OFDI has expanded in both distant
 developing and developed countries. Statistical analysis suggests that
 Chinese investors are attracted to countries with large market size, rich
 resources and strategic assets, and demand a sound legal system but avoid
 countries with the best rule of law. Chinese investors do not directly
 respond to political risk and corruption. However, they favour politically
 stable locations when seeking markets and care about political stability
 and corruption control when seeking resources. Institutional factors play
 a more significant role in the investment decision making prior to the
 actual investments, but the moderating role of institutions is influential
 for the actual investments. Chinese investors are more likely to seek
 markets and resources in developing countries, with careful evaluation of
 institutional quality.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 448-471 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084716 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084716 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:448-471




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: &#x141;ukasz Goczek 
Author-X-Name-First: &#x141;ukasz 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goczek 
Author-Name: Natasha Malyarenko 
Author-X-Name-First: Natasha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malyarenko 
Title: Loan loss provisions during the financial crisis in Ukraine 
Abstract:
 This article investigates the determinants of impaired loans in the
 Ukrainian banking sector using bank balance sheet data at the micro level.
 The case of Ukraine is exceptionally interesting because the particularly
 severe contagion from the global financial crisis turned into a prolonged
 economic crisis resulting in large loan loss provisions. It seems,
 however, that both macroeconomic and bank-specific variables have an
 effect on loan quality as the banks have not been uniformly affected by
 the crisis. It seems that banks that do not specialise in loans were
 particularly affected with deteriorating asset quality. The authors'
 estimation results are based on dynamic panel regression methods on a
 unique dataset of Ukrainian banks with quarterly frequency from 2005 to
 2013 to avoid problems associated with using samples from the BankScope
 database.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 472-496 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084717 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084717 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:472-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Allan Puur 
Author-X-Name-First: Allan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Puur 
Author-Name: Lauri Leppik 
Author-X-Name-First: Lauri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leppik 
Author-Name: Martin Klesment 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klesment 
Title: Changes in pension take-up and retirement in the context of increasing the pension age: the case of Estonia in the 2000s 
Abstract:
 This article looks into the effects of increasing the statutory pension
 age on pension take-up and on employment before and after pension take-up
 in Estonia in 2002-11. We use individual-level administrative data from
 the pension register of the Estonian National Social Insurance Board and a
 set of analytical indicators to capture the pension take-up and employment
 exit processes. The results reveal a relatively successful adjustment to
 the increase in pension age. The age gap between take-up of normal and
 early retirement (old-age) pension has not widened and the increase in the
 statutory pension age has moved exit from employment proportionally
 towards a later age. At the same time, a marked increase in the take-up of
 incapacity pensions, accelerated during the economic recession, has
 significantly reduced the overall effect of pension age reform.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 497-516 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084719 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084719 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:497-516




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Artan Qineti 
Author-X-Name-First: Artan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qineti 
Author-Name: Miroslava Rajcaniova 
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslava 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajcaniova 
Author-Name: Kushtrim Braha 
Author-X-Name-First: Kushtrim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Braha 
Author-Name: Pavel Ciaian 
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciaian 
Author-Name: Jona Demaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Jona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Demaj 
Title: Status quo bias of agrarian land structures in rural Albania  
Abstract:
 This article provides a micro-analysis of land market development after
 two decades of Albanian transition. We use data from a survey conducted in
 four Albanian villages during May 2013. The results indicate that land
 markets are highly rigid with almost no structural changes occurring over
 the last two decades. Sale markets are almost non-existent owing to formal
 and informal regulations and prevalence of subsistence farming in rural
 Albania. The <italic>status quo</italic> established by the 1991 land
 reform determines the present ownership structure. Rental markets are more
 sizable but, owing to property rights insecurity and monitoring problems
 of absentee landowners, the vast majority of rental arrangements are
 between family relatives.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 517-536 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084732 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084732 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:517-536




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Jansk&yacute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Petr 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansk&yacute; 
Author-Name: Ond&#x159;ej Koke&scaron; 
Author-X-Name-First: Ond&#x159;ej 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koke&scaron; 
Title: Corporate tax base erosion and profit shifting out of the Czech Republic 
Abstract:
 This article contributes to the growing systematic evidence of corporate
 tax base erosion and profit shifting out of most countries into other
 countries, including tax havens, by analysing the situation in one of the
 post-communist economies. We analyse financial and ownership data of
 13,603 companies operating in the Czech Republic, including multinational
 corporations (4124), some of which have links to tax havens (528). We
 present empirical evidence suggesting that the effect of the multinational
 corporations' links with tax havens on the debt ratio of companies in the
 Czech Republic is positive. The evidence on profits and taxes is not so
 conclusive. We provide policy implications and conclude with questions for
 further research.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 537-546 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084733 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084733 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:537-546




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Long Thanh Giang 
Author-X-Name-First: Long Thanh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giang 
Author-Name: Cuong Viet Nguyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuong Viet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen 
Author-Name: Huong Vu Van 
Author-X-Name-First: Huong Vu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van 
Author-Name: Thieu Vu 
Author-X-Name-First: Thieu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu 
Title: Does firm privatisation benefit local households? The case of Vietnam 
Abstract:
 Although most countries follow a market economy, they still maintain a
 number of state-owned firms. In Vietnam the process of firm privatisation
 has been going on since the early 1990s. However, state-owned firms and
 joint-venture firms with public capital still account for nearly 40% of
 total firm output. In this article we find that the privatisation of firms
 can help households improve their welfare and reduce poverty, albeit by a
 small magnitude. The agglomeration of firms, as a result of privatisation,
 increases employment and wages of individuals and thus has a positive
 effect on per capita income, per capita expenditure and poverty reduction.
 In particular, the effect on per capita expenditure tends to be higher for
 households with male, younger and better educated heads than those with
 female, older and less well educated heads. We do not find any effect from
 state-owned firms on household welfare and poverty reduction.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies 
Pages: 547-565 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2015 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1055988 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1055988 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:547-565




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Besnik A. Krasniqi
Author-X-Name-First: Besnik A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Krasniqi
Author-Name: Nick Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Migration and intention to return: entrepreneurial intentions of the diaspora in post-conflict economies
Abstract: 
 This article examines the intentions of the diaspora to return to their homeland and engage in entrepreneurial activity. We focus on post-conflict economies where the development potential of return migration is significant. Our article demonstrates that the entrepreneurial intentions of returning diaspora are affected by their level of trust and perceptions of risk in institutions at home. Through a survey of diaspora returning to Kosovo, the paper finds that business experience has a negative relationship on probability to return, but it has a positive relationship on entrepreneurial intentions. However, those with professional and qualified jobs are more likely to have intentions to return, but less likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. The paper contributes to academic research on the central importance of institutions to post-conflict development, demonstrating that by enhancing the institutional environment investment can be attracted home.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 464-483
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1505696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1505696
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:464-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katsuya Ito
Author-X-Name-First: Katsuya
Author-X-Name-Last: Ito
Title: Remittances and the Dutch disease: evidence from Georgia
Abstract: 
 In this article, using the VECM model we attempt to empirically examine the Dutch disease effect of remittances in Georgia. The analyses are based on quarterly data covering the years 2000–2016. It is found that an inflow of remittances leads to an appreciation of the real effective exchange rate in the long run, whereas it has the reverse effect in the short run.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 500-506
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537733
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:500-506




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jieun Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Jieun
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Asier Minondo
Author-X-Name-First: Asier
Author-X-Name-Last: Minondo
Title: The trade effects of Albania’s trade agreements with CEFTA members
Abstract: 
 Since the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) was signed in 2006, Albanian exports to CEFTA member countries have increased four-fold. Applying a trade growth decomposition methodology, we show that Albanian firms that did not export to CEFTA countries before the agreement account for a large share of this export growth. Exports also increased among goods that were the least traded before the agreement. Estimating a gravity equation, we find that the CEFTA increased Albanian exports between 34% and 144%, depending on how the previous bilateral agreements with CEFTA countries are accounted for. Additional regression analyses conclude that the CEFTA fostered exports through the reduction of tariffs.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 451-463
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537736
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:451-463




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Golovina
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovina
Author-Name: Sebastian Hess
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Hess
Author-Name: Jerker Nilsson
Author-X-Name-First: Jerker
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson
Author-Name: Axel Wolz
Author-X-Name-First: Axel
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz
Title: Networking among Russian farmers and their prospects for success
Abstract: 
 In most post-socialist economies, private farming has re-emerged after regime change, although even today this sector most often accounts for only a minor proportion of national production. Russian private farmers are reported to dislike formal cooperatives, so this study investigated whether their informal collaborative arrangements may affect their business results. A survey involving personal interviews with 158 randomly chosen private farmers in the Kurgan Region examined whether collaborating farmers are economically more successful and consider their financial situation to be better than that of neighbouring farmers. Ordinary least square and ordered probit regression analysis indicated that farmers with stronger networks are more successful in terms of farm wealth, and also relative to the financial situation of their immediate neighbours. This suggests that success among private farmers in a post-socialist setting is related to their networks.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 484-499
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537737
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:484-499




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emil Dzhuraev
Author-X-Name-First: Emil
Author-X-Name-Last: Dzhuraev
Title: Tail wagging the dog? Global reaches of Central Asian corruption and power
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 550-552
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1545945
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1545945
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:550-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Payam Foroughi
Author-X-Name-First: Payam
Author-X-Name-Last: Foroughi
Title: Documenting the global nexus of post-Soviet kleptocracy in Central Asia
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 547-549
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1545946
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1545946
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:547-549




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brent Hierman
Author-X-Name-First: Brent
Author-X-Name-Last: Hierman
Title: A ground-breaking examination of how Central Asian authoritarianism works
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 553-555
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1545947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1545947
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:553-555




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Cooley
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooley
Author-Name: John Heathershaw
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Heathershaw
Title: A response: the transnational ‘high politics’ of Central Asia’s elites and opposition
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 559-561
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1545948
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1545948
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:559-561




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grace H. Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Grace H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Beyond (il)liberal elites: thoughts on power and money in Central Asia
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 556-558
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1545949
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1545949
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:556-558




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar Demetrio
Author-X-Name-Last: Tovar-García
Author-Name: Carlos A. Carrasco
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrasco
Title: Export and import composition as determinants of bilateral trade in goods: evidence from Russia
Abstract: 
 Conventional theory and several empirical studies state that incomes and exchange rates are the key determinants of the trade balance. Here, we argue that export and import composition are also key explanatory variables because some goods are inelastic and/or with a high added value, directly and indirectly affecting income and price elasticities and trade balance. Thus, if exports and/or imports significantly consist of price inelastic products, then, a positive and a negative effect, respectively, should be expected on the trade balance. Using bilateral trade data and dynamic panel models, we found that the ratio of exports of crude petroleum and natural gas (price inelastic goods) to total exports is significantly and positively associated with the Russian trade balance in goods. For its part, Russian imports of high-tech goods (income elastic and price inelastic with a high added value) show a negative association. The goods balance of Russia also responded to changes in relative income, but there is only weak evidence of reactions to changes in the exchange rate. These findings partially explain the persistent surplus in the Russian trade balance and current account.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 530-546
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1557913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1557913
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:530-546




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marian Gorynia
Author-X-Name-First: Marian
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorynia
Author-Name: Jan Nowak
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Nowak
Author-Name: Piotr Trąpczyński
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Trąpczyński
Author-Name: Radosław Wolniak
Author-X-Name-First: Radosław
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolniak
Title: Geographic patterns of Poland’s FDI: the investment development path perspective
Abstract: 
 The purpose of the present study is to incorporate geographic analysis of FDI into the classic IDP model. By supplementing the traditional analysis of the net outward investment (NOI) position with an analysis of geographic patterns in inward and outward FDI, the authors strive to offer a better explanation of Poland’s current NOI position and provide more in-depth support to some necessary policy recommendations. Hence the main contribution of this study to the international business scholarship is two-fold. It (1) further develops the IDP research methodology; and (2) provides a better understanding of the idiosyncratic nature of the IDP of Poland.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 507-529
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578581
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578581
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:507-529




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Author-Name: Alexander M. Nikulin
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nikulin
Author-Name: Irina Trotsuk
Author-X-Name-First: Irina
Author-X-Name-Last: Trotsuk
Title: Russian agriculture during Putin’s fourth term: a SWOT analysis
Abstract: 
 Russian agriculture is coming off a successful period under Minister Alexander Tkachev. Despite his successes, new agricultural leaders were named in May 2018 to guide agriculture during Putin’s fourth term. The article analyses the condition of and prospects for the agricultural sector during 2018–2024, using a SWOT framework (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). The analysis examines four strengths, six weaknesses, four opportunities and three threats.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 419-450
Issue: 4
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1579892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1579892
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:4:p:419-450




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Henderson
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson
Author-Name: Arild Moe
Author-X-Name-First: Arild
Author-X-Name-Last: Moe
Title: Gazprom’s LNG offensive: a demonstration of monopoly strength or impetus for Russian gas sector reform?
Abstract: 
 Gazprom enjoys a dominant and privileged position in the Russian energy sector, and indeed in the economy as a whole. This article analyses the company’s failure to achieve the Russian state’s objectives for the country to become a force in the global LNG (liquefied natural gas) market. Has it weakened the company’s standing relative to other industry players and the authorities, with the possibility that they could unleash broader reforms in the Russian gas sector? Short-term political and economic considerations may slow progress towards a radical outcome, with Gazprom’s importance as a domestic and foreign policy tool providing some protection at a time of uncertainty for the Kremlin, but in the longer term it may well be the case that the liberalisation of LNG exports in December 2013 comes to be seen as the first step in a much broader reorganisation of the Russian gas sector.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 281-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1203206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1203206
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:281-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yugo Konno
Author-X-Name-First: Yugo
Author-X-Name-Last: Konno
Title: Evaluating Russia’s trade patterns
Abstract: 
 This article offers empirical evidence on the major trends in the nature of Russia’s trade and on the determinants of the different types of trade: horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIT), vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) and inter-industry trade (INT). The estimation results of gravity-type log-linear models suggest that the combined economic size of Russia and the trading partner has a positive effect, while the distance between the two countries has a negative effect for all types of trade. They also suggest that FDI has a significant effect on all types of trade; however, the effect varies according to whether the partner country is a member of the CIS/CU or not, and whether the FDI is outward or inward.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 300-313
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1184427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1184427
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yerken Turganbayev
Author-X-Name-First: Yerken
Author-X-Name-Last: Turganbayev
Title: Regional convergence in Kazakhstan
Abstract: 
 This article studies sigma- and beta-convergence across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1993–2014. The results of the article show that incomes across the regions of Kazakhstan diverged over the whole period of 1993–2014 and the period of 1993–2006, and converged during the period of 2006–2014. However, after controlling for the rate of investment and population growth it is evident that regional convergence occurred over the whole period of 1993–2014. This would suggest that since private investment in Kazakhstan is heavily influenced by the availability of natural resources in the regions, regional policy in Kazakhstan should be directed towards shifting away from a resource-based growth model to an alternative growth model.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 314-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1204745
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1204745
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:314-334




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adnan Efendic
Author-X-Name-First: Adnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Efendic
Title: Emigration intentions in a post-conflict environment: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract: 
 In this study we analyse intentions to emigrate from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), focusing not only on typical individual and household determinants, but also on post-conflict specific influences. We investigate cross-sectional survey data collected over the period from 2002 to 2010. Our findings indicate that higher intentions for emigration are indeed linked to the typical individual and household conditions: the young, educated and low-family income respondents report the highest intentions to emigrate. In addition, the post-conflict environment characterised by economic and political instability, as well as by conflict and post-conflict related migration, increases these intentions further, both independently and in different combinations. Although determinants such as employment status, household income and perception of economic development are relevant, their effect is of second-order importance. This contradicts the conventional thinking that economic factors are the main driving forces of emigration intentions. We provide evidence that the conflict and post-conflict related migration experiences, and the political situation, may surpass individual and societal economic influences in importance.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 335-352
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1166800
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1166800
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov
Author-X-Name-First: Igor
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov
Title: Human resource management in Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of multinational corporations
Abstract: 
 This article reports the results of a survey of top executives at Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs). We examine the prevailing types of job contracts and the use of monetary and non-monetary benefits, and compare such arrangements with those in locally-owned industrial companies. We also reveal differences in human resource management (HRM) policies based on the source of authority over HRM issues (global headquarters, regional headquarters, local groups of companies, etc.). These findings can be used to help predict the evolution of HRM policies in Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of MNCs.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 353-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1182735
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1182735
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:353-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maja Trošt
Author-X-Name-First: Maja
Author-X-Name-Last: Trošt
Author-Name: Štefan Bojnec
Author-X-Name-First: Štefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec
Title: Export-led growth: the case of the Slovenian and Estonian economies
Abstract: 
 The export-led growth hypothesis is investigated in the case of the two small, open and export-oriented Slovenian and Estonian economies. The Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test were applied to investigate the relationship between the time series variables for export, import and gross domestic product (GDP). The results reveal evidence to support the export-led growth hypothesis in both economies. The Granger causality relationship is found between export growth and economic (GDP) growth for both countries. Slovenia and Estonia can enhance economic growth by providing a better enabling environment for exporters and by market expansion.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 373-383
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1184425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1184425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:373-383




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrei B. Ankudinov
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ankudinov
Author-Name: Oleg V. Lebedev
Author-X-Name-First: Oleg V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lebedev
Title: Dividend payouts and company ownership structure amid the global financial crisis: evidence from Russia
Abstract: 
 This article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between the ownership structure of Russian companies and their dividend policies against the backdrop of the global financial crisis. Quantitative estimates are obtained through panel data statistical analysis; the sample comprises data covering the 2003–2011 period for the largest companies in the non-financial sector of the national economy. The results show that amid the global financial crisis, the dividend payments of state-owned companies decrease more significantly than those of privately owned companies, whereas in the pre-crisis period, no significant differences are found between the dividend payouts of state-owned and privately owned companies. The public status of a company acts as one of the most significant determinants of both the decision to pay dividends and the amount of dividends paid. However, the generous dividend policies of public companies suffer greater ‘adjustments’ during the crisis period. Company profitability, size, investing activity, company financial structure and sectoral affiliation also act as important determinants of dividend payout.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 384-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1196882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1196882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:384-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maciej Bałtowski
Author-X-Name-First: Maciej
Author-X-Name-Last: Bałtowski
Author-Name: Piotr Kozarzewski
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozarzewski
Title: Formal and real ownership structure of the Polish economy: state-owned versus state-controlled enterprises
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the difference between the state’s formal and real shares in the Polish economy. We identify two basic types of corporate control exercised by the state over enterprises through ownership (in the case of majority ownership) and non-ownership tools (in the case of minority ownership). Consequently, we distinguish between two types of state enterprises: state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state-controlled enterprises (SCEs). In post-communist economies, SCEs mainly originate from so-called reluctant privatisation, in which the transfer of ownership rights takes place without the appropriate transfer of control rights. We discuss the tools of non-ownership control used by the state. Our estimates of the real share of state enterprises in the Polish economy (which include both SOEs and SCEs) show that it is almost two times higher than the formal share (only SOEs). The share of state enterprises is also highest in the group of Poland’s largest and most important firms. We conclude that the real importance of state enterprises in the Polish economy is much higher than might be expected if only the formal share of state ownership is taken into account.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 405-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1196885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1196885
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:405-419




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas F. Remington
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Remington
Author-Name: Israel Marques
Author-X-Name-First: Israel
Author-X-Name-Last: Marques
Title: Partnerships for skill development in Russia
Abstract: 
 What conditions enable governments, educational institutions, and enterprises to organise joint, comprehensive technical and vocational education systems (TVET) in developing and transitional countries? This paper explores this question on the basis of an original survey of enterprises in 12 Russian regions designed to determine the factors affecting local adoption of German-style ‘dual education’ in TVET. We distinguish between firm-level and regional-level factors influencing firms to form institutionally costly partnerships with vocational schools and government entities for the sake of upgrading skill formation. Our findings point to the importance of state intervention in fostering and enforcing firm-school partnerships in settings lacking the dense network of labor and business organizations characteristic of coordinated market economies in Western Europe.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640990
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michał Pilc
Author-X-Name-First: Michał
Author-X-Name-Last: Pilc
Author-Name: Monika Naskręcka
Author-X-Name-First: Monika
Author-X-Name-Last: Naskręcka
Title: Adjusting employment protection legislation to the economic cycle: do transition countries differ from mature democracies?
Abstract: 
 Although the transition period for post-socialist countries began almost thirty years ago, still little is known about the determinants of changes in labour market institutions during that time. This study is focused on one of these institutions, i.e. employment protection legislation and analyses whether it is adapted differently to the economic cycle in countries that offer various levels of political freedom. The proposed theoretical model predicts that in countries where political freedom is unlimited and law violations are rare, after the positive (negative) macroeconomic shock the formal protection of employees will, on average, be increased (decreased), while in countries where there is no political freedom and law violations are frequent, the formal protection of employees will be rather reduced (extended). Although the main empirical analysis conducted for 43 OECD and post-socialist countries for the years 1993–2009 does not fully support the theoretical model, it confirms that the mechanism of shaping the employment protection legislation in democratic, highly-developed and transition countries has been different than in non-democratic post-socialist states.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 24-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678093
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Janský
Author-X-Name-First: Petr
Author-X-Name-Last: Janský
Author-Name: Miroslav Palanský
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav
Author-X-Name-Last: Palanský
Title: Fiscal decentralization and equalization transfers in Georgia: evidence from municipality-level data
Abstract: 
 Governments worldwide face the difficult task of how to decentralise fiscal means across regions and cities and it is even more challenging when governments are under pressure, such as some post-communist economies in eastern Europe and Asia. A case in point is Georgia, a diverse Caucasian country with internal pressures from regions with independence tendencies and external pressures from Russia. How Georgia’s government decentralises is what we provide new evidence for in this paper using two data sets. First, we use internationally comparable data to evaluate how decentralised the Georgian public finances are. We find that Georgia is in fact one of the least decentralised transition countries and has become less decentralised recently. Second, we use detailed municipality-level data for Georgia to determine the effects of equalisation transfers focused on fiscal decentralisation. We discuss the unequal nature of these transfers and we evaluate three reform proposals for changing them.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 54-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640992
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:54-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oussama Tilfani
Author-X-Name-First: Oussama
Author-X-Name-Last: Tilfani
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: My Youssef El Boukfaoui
Author-X-Name-First: My Youssef
Author-X-Name-Last: El Boukfaoui
Title: Multiscale optimal portfolios using CAPM fractal regression: estimation for emerging stock markets
Abstract: 
 Based on the mean-variance portfolio model and on the capital asset pricing model, we propose the construction of multiscale optimal portfolios, for four emerging stock markets: China, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Russia. We compare the results with the German market, in order to understand possible differences. We use fractal regressions based on detrended cross-correlation analysis, allowing us to study portfolios for different time scales. This feature helps us to identify whether investors are homogeneous or heterogeneous in their expectations and if they have common or different investment horizons. Results show that for most shares, a unique CAPM parameter explains asset pricing well. However, for some shares, behaviour is different between short and long run scales, consistent with the fractal market hypothesis. Moreover, Chinese and Czech markets are closer to what happens in the German market, while Russian and Hungarian investors behave differently, with investors preferring risk-free assets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 77-112
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:77-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chanyou Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Chanyou
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Joo Eun Chae
Author-X-Name-First: Joo Eun
Author-X-Name-Last: Chae
Author-Name: Jinhwan Oh
Author-X-Name-First: Jinhwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh
Title: Effectiveness of aid-for-trade: Are there strings attached? Empirical evidence and the case of Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This paper tests empirically whether Aid-for-Trade has been working since its launch in the early 2000s. Using panel data consisting of 102 developing countries from 2002 to 2017, this paper finds that the Aid-for-Trade (AfT) initiative has been working conditionally. Specifically, AfT itself turns out to be effective in export promotion in developing countries, but more so only in a few countries with high growth rates. That is, AfT has greater effects in recipients with high state capacity and a sound economic environment. Additionally, the WTO-led AfT initiative, launched in 2005, has contributed to export promotion by aid recipients, indicating that more commitments from donor sides are essential for the effectiveness of AfT. These empirical findings are supported with evidence from the case of Vietnam, one of the largest recipients of both ODA and AfT, which illustrates the importance of the economic environment in which AfT initiative is implemented. Strategic economic policies implemented by the Vietnamese government have moved its centrally planned economy to a market-based economy, thus promoting integration with the global economy and creating a compatible environment for AfT.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 113-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640993
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640993
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:113-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Canfei He
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Changda Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Changda
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Shengjun Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Shengjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: Sectoral and spatial patterns of Chinese cities’ export structures
Abstract: 
 In the light of evolutionary economic geography, a city’s export structure can reflect its capacity. Based on China’s export data during 2001–2011, this paper examines the evolution of 338 Chinese cities’ export structures, and their spatial patterns and product dynamics. By employing hierarchical clustering analysis and new indicators to measure Chinese’s export product and destination structures, this paper shows that regional disparity in terms of export product and destination structures exists. More importantly, the evolution of Chinese cities’ export structure is co-shaped by the process of convergence and divergence. We argue that regional disparity can be alleviated by reducing market segmentation and facilitating inter-city knowledge spillovers. Furthermore, the export product structures of Chinese cities are highly correlated with their export destination structures, indicating that export promotion policies should take into account both export product diversification and export market diversification.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 125-146
Issue: 1
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640986
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:125-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalia Levenko
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Levenko
Author-Name: Kaspar Oja
Author-X-Name-First: Kaspar
Author-X-Name-Last: Oja
Author-Name: Karsten Staehr
Author-X-Name-First: Karsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Staehr
Title: Total factor productivity growth in Central and Eastern Europe before, during and after the global financial crisis
Abstract: 
 This article presents growth accounting results for 11 EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe for the years 1996&#x2013;2016. Its contributions include the estimation of new capital stock series and adjustment for the utilisation of capital stock. Before the crisis, growth in total factor productivity (TFP) was the main contributor to output growth in Slovenia, Hungary and Slovakia, while capital deepening was more important in the Czech Republic, Croatia and Poland. During the global financial crisis the contributions of TFP and capital growth differed markedly across the countries, reflecting the very diverse dynamics of the crisis. After the crisis the contribution of TFP growth has been negligible in all of the sample countries coinciding with generally weak output growth. The results are generally robust to changes in estimation methods and parametrisations, but some assumptions regarding the construction of the capital stock series are critical for the results.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 137-160
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1460713
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1460713
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:137-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolae Marinescu
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolae
Author-X-Name-Last: Marinescu
Author-Name: Cristinel Constantin
Author-X-Name-First: Cristinel
Author-X-Name-Last: Constantin
Author-Name: Laura N. Haar
Author-X-Name-First: Laura N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Haar
Title: The relative performance of foreign-owned subsidiaries and domestic companies
Abstract: 
 The paper investigates the financial performance of the largest firms in Romania, by comparing foreign-owned subsidiaries (FOS) and domestic companies (DCs) over a decade. As such, the paper contributes to the literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) in transition economies, focusing on a country where few such studies have been conducted previously. Whereas most microeconomic research about Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies is concerned with the effects of FDI, this paper fills a gap in the literature by comparing the evolution of FOS and DCs performance during 2003&#x2013;2012. This matter is approached in a novel methodological way, by applying the multiple correspondence analysis to explain the complex relationships between ownership, modes of entry and performance, as reflected in turnover and profit margins. One result is that FOS replaced DCs in top national positions, when taking into account size and turnover. However, although FDI via acquisitions financially outperformed DCs, the latter did better than greenfield FDI after the global economic crisis. Of all the factors analysed, the sector of activity resulted as having by far the most important influence on financial performance. The results have implications for policymakers who design FDI programmes for economic development.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 161-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1505692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1505692
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:161-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mat&#x11B;j Bajgar
Author-X-Name-First: Mat&#x11B;j
Author-X-Name-Last: Bajgar
Author-Name: Petr Jansk&#xFD;
Author-X-Name-First: Petr
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansk&#xFD;
Author-Name: Kl&#xE1;ra Kal&#xED;&#x161;kov&#xE1;
Author-X-Name-First: Kl&#xE1;ra
Author-X-Name-Last: Kal&#xED;&#x161;kov&#xE1;
Title: The poor outside the lamplight: on the prevalence of poverty among population groups not included in household surveys
Abstract: 
 Poverty rate calculations are often based on household surveys that exclude some of the groups most vulnerable to poverty such as the homeless. This paper documents the nature of the excluded groups and the quantitative importance of their omission for the Czech Republic. Our study combines European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 2011 with information from the 2011 Population Census. Our preferred estimate indicates an increase in the poverty rate by almost one percentage point. The paper contributes to accurately identifying the most vulnerable members of the society, which is essential for setting effective social policies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 181-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1506624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1506624
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:181-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Sauer
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Sauer
Author-Name: Matthew Gorton
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Gorton
Author-Name: Sophia Davidova
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidova
Title: What drives rural out-migration? Insights from Kosovo
Abstract: 
 Drawing on household, network and relative deprivation models of migration, this paper empirically tests the probability to migrate utilising data for agricultural households in Kosovo (circa 13,500 observations). We identify the determinants of the propensity to migrate and length of migration in the previous year, considering gender-related differences. The results reveal the significance of household/personal characteristics, farm characteristics and network effects on the propensity to migrate and length of migration in the previous year. However, we find no significant effect of relative deprivation on the propensity to migrate and length of migration. While education has a strong, positive effect on migration by women, this is not the case for men. Unprofitability and a lack of inputs, manpower and equipment, causing farmland to be left uncultivated, also stimulate out-migration.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 200-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1506623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1506623
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:200-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Vidal
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel
Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal
Author-Name: P. V. Viswanath
Author-X-Name-First: P. V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Viswanath
Title: The new financial framework for the Cuban non-state sector
Abstract: 
 A cornerstone of the current Cuban economic model reforms is its opening to the non-state small-scale sector. Using the results of a survey of non-state businesses, we look at the provision of financial services to the small- and medium-sized enterprises in the non-state sector from two perspectives: first, the nature of the new credit regulations and bank policies and how they accomplish the evaluation of credit to a hitherto non-existent sector; and second, how these small business clients view their relationship with their lender state banks. We look at Cuba from the perspective of a socialist economy in transition and compare it to microfinance in China and India.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 218-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1460534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1460534
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:2:p:218-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eun Young Bae
Author-X-Name-First: Eun Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Bae
Author-Name: Jai S. Mah
Author-X-Name-First: Jai S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mah
Title: The role of industrial policy in the economic development of Uzbekistan
Abstract: 
 This paper discusses the role of industrial policy in the economic development of Uzbekistan, which took a gradualist approach in transition and continued to record rapid economic growth from the early 2000s. It stopped depending on cotton monoculture and was able to achieve self-sufficiency in grain. It transformed itself from a net fuel importer to an exporter. The government promoted the manufacturing sector, focusing on the heavy industries, such as the automotive and chemical industries. Industrial restructuring in Uzbekistan has been supported by the industrial policy. The government has taken several industrial policy measures, including tax and financial incentives, state orders, policy selectively welcoming foreign direct investment, import protection and export promotion, and exchange-rate management. This paper provides policy implications for the other developing and transition economies pursuing economic development and considers the appropriate role of the government.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 240-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443252
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kobil Ruziev
Author-X-Name-First: Kobil
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruziev
Author-Name: Don J. Webber
Author-X-Name-First: Don J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Webber
Title: Does connectedness improve SMEs&#x2019; access to formal finance? Evidence from post-communist economies
Abstract: 
 Evidence suggests that a disproportionately greater share of formal finance is channelled to large enterprises in emerging economies, limiting the flow of appropriately-financed small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Market and information imperfections are conventionally seen as major causes of this misallocation. However, the role of political factors in affecting the distribution of formal finance has become more widely acknowledged in recent times. Our analyses of SMEs in post-communist economies also show that measures of political connectedness improve the chances of receiving bank credit and that the benefits of these links are stronger for well-established and larger SMEs.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 258-278
Issue: 2
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1470855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1470855
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone Angioloni
Author-X-Name-First: Simone
Author-X-Name-Last: Angioloni
Author-Name: Zarylbek Kudabaev
Author-X-Name-First: Zarylbek
Author-X-Name-Last: Kudabaev
Author-Name: Glenn C.W. Ames
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn C.W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ames
Author-Name: Michael Wetzstein
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Wetzstein
Title: Household allocation of microfinance credit in Kyrgyzstan
Abstract: 
 The limited endowment of resources that usually characterised low-income households imposes a binding trade-off between current and future consumption. In many transition countries, microfinance represents the primary source of credit other than informal moneylenders for low-income households which is the situation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Thus, this study analyses the determinants of household microfinance credit allocation in Kyrgyzstan from 2006 to 2010. We model the household’s behaviour through a multivariate approach to allow for multiple choices at the same time. Results indicate that mobile phone and livestock ownership were identified as two key factors which increase the probability of borrowers using microfinance credit for productive purposes. Furthermore, borrowers in the rural Naryn region, one of the poorest areas in Kyrgyzstan, have a higher probability of allocating their loans toward food purchases and the smallest probability of allocating credit toward starting a business or other productive purposes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 78-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361691
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drini Imami
Author-X-Name-First: Drini
Author-X-Name-Last: Imami
Author-Name: Endrit Lami
Author-X-Name-First: Endrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Lami
Author-Name: Luca J. Uberti
Author-X-Name-First: Luca J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Uberti
Title: Election cycles in mining licensing: theory and evidence from Albania
Abstract: 
 Most of the literature on political business and budgetary cycles (PBBC) has focused on fiscal and monetary policy variables in advanced-country contexts. We extend this literature by investigating political cycle effects in a non-monetary, non-fiscal policy regime (the allocation of mining licences) in a transition country context. We propose a model of mining licensing that allows for corruption and for both supply and demand effects to determine the outcome. We then estimate this model using time-series data from post-communist Albania. Relying on a dynamic Poisson model, we find evidence of both opportunistic and partisan effects. Based on our theory, we suggest a corruption interpretation of political cycles in non-fiscal/non-monetary variables. This interpretation, we suggest, may be more applicable to the context of developing and transition countries. Our study raises important questions about the unintended (and often pernicious) effects of transition politics on economic regulation and economic performance in post-socialist economies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 99-116
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361692
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:1:p:99-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Cieślik
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej
Author-X-Name-Last: Cieślik
Author-Name: Łukasz Goczek
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Goczek
Title: Initial conditions and privatisation as causes of post-communist corruption
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the economic determinants of corruption in post-communist countries. We conduct an empirical verification of two research hypotheses using EBRD and World Bank data on 27 post-communist economies over the 1996–2014 period. The first hypothesis suggests that corruption is rooted in the communist past, when these countries embraced communist institutions, social norms, as well as low-development structural factors broadly defined as initial conditions. The second hypothesis is that the flawed transition process led corruption to increase because politics and business were never separated. The elites pushed measures that preserved their status while obstructing reform policies that might endanger their interests. Our empirical results demonstrate that both hypotheses are valid to a limited extent, while revealing a more complex view of the reforms and initial conditions. Corruption seems to be related to the natural resource curse, to the lack of small-scale privatisation and to a long history of underdevelopment that could have preceded communism.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 36-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361693
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:1:p:36-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Möllers
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Möllers
Author-Name: Diana Traikova
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Traikova
Author-Name: Brînduşa Ana-Maria Bîrhală
Author-X-Name-First: Brînduşa Ana-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Bîrhală
Author-Name: Axel Wolz
Author-X-Name-First: Axel
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolz
Title: Why (not) cooperate? A cognitive model of farmers’ intention to join producer groups in Romania
Abstract: 
 After the breakdown of the communist regime in Romania, collective farms were replaced by a large number of small-scale private farms. Although cooperation seems to be a favourable choice for these smallholders, it did not develop as perhaps expected. This article explores the factors that determine the formation of the intention of Romanian vegetable farmers to join marketing cooperatives in the form of so called producer groups. Our theoretical framework refers to Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour, which we model with a structural equation model. We identified as main intention drivers the expectation for better prices and easier access to capital. Perceived family support is another significant factor. The level of distrust is high. Although our trust variable is not significant as a predictor of the intention to cooperate in the model, we find qualitative indications that trust plays a role when the intention is translated into actual behaviour.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 56-77
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361697
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:1:p:56-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher A. Hartwell
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartwell
Title: Foreign banks and the business environment in transition: a cointegration approach
Abstract: 
 The contribution of foreign banks to the development of the financial sectors in emerging markets, and especially the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe, is well-known. The purpose of this article is to focus on an area of foreign bank influence that has thus far only begun to emerge from the extant literature: the effect of foreign banks on the broader business environment in transition. In addition to improving financial intermediation and broader access to credit, has the presence of foreign financial institutions helped to shape a better business environment in the long-run? Or did foreign banks retard local institutional development and thus worsen the overall business environment? Using cointegration techniques across a sample of 21 diverse transition countries from 1983 to 2015, I find that foreign bank entry had a positive impact across business environment indicators, but with some indicators taking longer to influence than others. The policy implications are that business environments can be improved by facilitating foreign bank entry rather than restricting it.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 19-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361703
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karsten Staehr
Author-X-Name-First: Karsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Staehr
Title: Capital flows and growth dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 This article assesses the importance of capital flows as measured by the current account balance for the growth dynamics of the EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Economic growth in these countries was on average relatively high before the global financial crisis but markedly lower after the crisis. Panel data econometrics using annual data for 1997–2015 point to the contemporaneous current account balance having a sizeable negative effect on annual GDP growth. Estimations using many control variables and instrumental variables suggest that the negative effect is mainly demand driven. Counterfactual simulations show that growth rates in all CEE countries would have been lower in the absence of capital flows, and this applies particularly to the countries with the most disadvantageous starting points.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1362195
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1362195
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetozar (Steve) Pejovich
Author-X-Name-First: Svetozar (Steve)
Author-X-Name-Last: Pejovich
Title: From socialism in the 1900s to socialism in the 2000s: the rise of liberal socialism
Abstract: 
 In the twentieth century, Europe and North America were at the epicentre of the century-long conflict between capitalism and socialism; more specifically, between the rule of law and the rule through law. By the early 1990s, socialism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe decayed from within leaving in its wake economic misery and intellectual emptiness. Yet, socialism is raising its head once again. This new variant of socialism, which I call ‘liberal socialism’, has one critical difference that sets it apart from its predecessors. Unlike all three types of socialism in the last century – Fascism, National Socialism and Communism – liberal socialism is not imposed from the top down; it is emerging from the bottom up. The incentive effects of increasing redistributional governmental programmes map a road to liberal socialism by influencing the median voter and weakening private property rights. However, election results in many European countries, and at state and local levels in the United States, suggest that the median voter has not moved to the left. At the same time, economic analysis and empirical evidence have established the economic efficiency of credible and stable private property rights relative to all other property rights arrangements. Thus, liberal socialism is a real threat to the rule of law but its success is far from certain.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 117-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1398527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1398527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:1:p:117-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ville Kaitila
Author-X-Name-First: Ville
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaitila
Title: GDP growth in Russia: different capital stock series and the terms of trade
Abstract: 
 There are different academic assessments of the principal forces behind Russia’s GDP growth. Studies that reconstruct capital stocks using gross fixed capital formation and the perpetual inventory method find that total factor productivity growth has been paramount to GDP growth. On the other hand, capital services datasets that have recently been made available find that capital developments have been instrumental in driving economic growth. We reconstruct a capital stock series for Russia for 1995–2013 and compare the results to two capital services time series using the Solow growth model. We also take into account terms of trade developments that have lent strong support to Russia’s economy. The terms of trade is shown to have been an important factor behind the development of gross fixed capital formation and thus GDP growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 129-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124556
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124556
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:129-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: István Benczes
Author-X-Name-First: István
Author-X-Name-Last: Benczes
Title: From goulash communism to goulash populism: the unwanted legacy of Hungarian reform socialism
Abstract: 
 The systemic change of 1989/1990 is usually identified as the critical juncture in the modern economic history of post-communist economies. While the change itself was indeed a remarkable moment in time, a branching point from which a multitude of new paths originated in most of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe, this was only partially true in the case of Hungary. If a critical juncture is sought for Hungary, it is more likely to be 1968, the year the New Economic Mechanism was launched. By applying the conceptual framework of historical institutionalism, the article argues that what made Hungary unique during the communist era and what rendered its position as a (one-time) frontrunner proved to be a serious constraint after the systemic change. The legacy of a pre-born welfare state, the constant need for compensating potential losers of any economic reform, along with short-sighted decision-making, have together generated specific path dependencies in the Hungarian trajectory of economic development.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 146-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124557
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:146-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Mark Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Title: The Ukraine conflict, economic–military power balances and economic sanctions
Abstract: 
 The evolution and outcomes of conflicts in Europe, including the current one in Ukraine, have been influenced by the dynamics of economic, technological and military balances, which in turn are affected by the economic warfare and sanctions that have been used to alter them. This article reviews defence economic concepts of relevance to the Ukraine conflict and then draws out lessons for the present concerning power balances, military capabilities, conventional deterrence, economic warfare and counter-measures against sanctions from experiences in Europe in the twentieth century. An evaluation is made of the impacts of economic sanctions on Russia and Ukraine in 2014–2016.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 167-198
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1139301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1139301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:167-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvana Malle
Author-X-Name-First: Silvana
Author-X-Name-Last: Malle
Title: The All-Russian National Front – for Russia: a new actor in the political and economic landscape
Abstract: 
 The All-Russian National Front (ARNF), created by Vladimir Putin in 2011, has rapidly increased its power and influence in policy-making. The Front has been used to monitor regional policies and to check both the effectiveness and loyalty of regional governors in carrying out central government policies. This article examines the main activities of the Front and its membership since its creation, and considers the implications for future economic development in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 199-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1139303
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1139303
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:199-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Brock
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock
Title: Creative destruction on the Chechen frontier?
Abstract: 
 The economic performance of Chechnya is examined for the first time using an aggregate stochastic frontier production function method. The 15 sectors of the economy are found to be quite inefficient in the use of capital and labour to produce aggregate output. Extensive growth is likely to continue though at a lower rate as federal subsidies from Moscow end. Intensive growth is unlikely given the lack of foreign investment and the authoritarian political system. Some evidence for the emergence of a market economy is found, suggesting that Kadyrov has overseen an economic transition.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 220-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1164436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1164436
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:220-231




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oleg Deev
Author-X-Name-First: Oleg
Author-X-Name-Last: Deev
Author-Name: Martin Hodula
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodula
Title: Sovereign default risk and state-owned bank fragility in emerging markets: evidence from China and Russia
Abstract: 
 In this paper we investigate the interdependence of the sovereign default risk and banking system fragility in two major emerging markets, China and Russia, using credit default swaps as a proxy for default risk. Both countries’ banking industries have strong ties with their governments and public sector, even after a series of significant reforms in the last two decades. Our analysis is built on the case studies of each country’s two biggest banks. We employ a bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction (VECM) framework to analyse the short- and long-run dynamics of the chosen CDS prices. We use Granger causality to describe the direction of the discovered dynamics. We find evidence of a stable long-run relationship between sovereign and bank CDS spreads in the chosen time period. The more stable relationship is found in cases where the biggest state-owned universal banks in emerging markets are closely managed by the government. But the fragility of those banks does not directly affect the state of public finances. However, in cases where state-owned banks directly participate in large governmental projects, banking fragility may result in the deterioration of state funds, while raising the risk of sovereign default.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 232-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1164438
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1164438
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:232-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jože Sambt
Author-X-Name-First: Jože
Author-X-Name-Last: Sambt
Author-Name: Gretchen Donehower
Author-X-Name-First: Gretchen
Author-X-Name-Last: Donehower
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbič
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbič
Title: Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia
Abstract: 
 The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) have recently been developed to measure economic flows across age groups. In this article, we extend the NTA for Slovenia by including the value of unpaid household production. Based on time-use data, we discover that people in Slovenia spent even more time on household production than on paid work, which emphasises the necessity of including household production in the NTA analysis. We find that there are large net transfers of household production flowing from adults to children, and to a lesser extent also to the elderly. We calculate unpaid production separately for both genders, and discover that females provide much more unpaid production and total productive work than males. In addition, they face a much more intensive ‘rush hour of life’ than males. We expect that similar patterns may be found in other post-communist countries where equalising labour force participation by gender was central to the communist agenda, but where no similar efforts were undertaken to equalise household work burdens.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 249-267
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1164962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1164962
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:249-267




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esmeralda Gassie-Falzone
Author-X-Name-First: Esmeralda
Author-X-Name-Last: Gassie-Falzone
Title: Are the kinship networks a resource or a curse for small firms in post-communist countries? The case of Albania
Abstract: 
 Cross-sectional data are compiled from the 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012 World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study databases for Albania. Based on responses from 1169 firms, the entrepreneurs’ kinship networks are found to influence firm activity in a positive and negative way. The positive contribution occurs through employment, be it formal or informal. The persisting impact of the kinship networks fades away, and business and friendship networks have gained importance in recent years.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 268-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1164974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1164974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:268-279




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beáta Farkas
Author-X-Name-First: Beáta
Author-X-Name-Last: Farkas
Title: Quality of governance and varieties of capitalism in the European Union: core and periphery division?
Abstract: 
 A growing body of literature suggests that the quality of governance has a significant effect on economic development. Investigations highlight that the quality of government institutions varies substantially in the European Union. These differences raise the question of whether they comply with the various models of capitalism. However, the various approaches of institutional analyses either neglect the role of the state or consider only the welfare function and the extent of state intervention. This article uses the databases of the World Bank and the World Economic Forum to classify the members of the European Union into clusters based on the quality of governance. Cluster analyses find notably clear-cut clusters in both cases. These clusters do not coincide with the usual varieties of capitalism; instead, they indicate a gap between the northern and western vs. the southern and eastern European countries, which is a core vs. periphery division. This gap indicates a long-lasting challenge in the deepening of European integration.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 563-578
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537740
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537740
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:563-578




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Istenič
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja
Author-X-Name-Last: Istenič
Author-Name: Jože Sambt
Author-X-Name-First: Jože
Author-X-Name-Last: Sambt
Title: Changing patterns of transfers in Slovenia in the last three decades: transition from a socialist economy to a market economy
Abstract: 
 Rapid population ageing increases interest in economic flows across ages and intergenerational transfers in general. This article uses the National Transfer Accounts methodology to measure consumption and production at each age, and how the difference between consumption and production is financed through (private and public) transfers and the interaction with assets, i.e. ‘asset-based reallocations’. During working ages, people earn more than they consume and with the surplus they finance the deficit of the young and old generations who consume more than they produce. Such a pattern of economic dependency is universal across countries and across time, but huge differences exist in the ages at which individuals produce more than they consume and vice versa. Moreover, the importance of private and public transfers and asset-based reallocations varies across countries and times. In the last three decades, life expectancy at birth in Slovenia increased by 9.3 years, while the age span in which production exceeds consumption narrowed rather than increased. Child dependents are predominantly financed by private transfers, whereas the elderly mainly rely on public transfers. Young and old individuals increasingly rely on public transfers. Together with rapid population ageing, this is likely to jeopardise the public finance system in the future.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 579-602
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578585
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:579-602




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suzana Laporšek
Author-X-Name-First: Suzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Laporšek
Author-Name: Milan Vodopivec
Author-X-Name-First: Milan
Author-X-Name-Last: Vodopivec
Author-Name: Matija Vodopivec
Author-X-Name-First: Matija
Author-X-Name-Last: Vodopivec
Title: Spillover effects of a minimum wage increase – evidence from Slovenia
Abstract: 
 This article Analysis the effects of a large increase in Slovenia’s minimum wage in March 2010 on the wage distribution using an administrative matched employer–employee panel database. We find that the minimum wage hike increased the concentration of low-paid workers, creating a much more pronounced spike at the minimum, particularly in market services, and for the young, the least educated and those with the least work experience. Our analysis also shows that the March 2010 minimum wage increase also produced sizeable spillover effects. The spillover effects were higher among young and older workers, especially for wage levels near the new minimum wage. The results are based on a difference-in-differences approach comparing changes in wages during the control and treatment periods as experienced by workers in the wage group immediately above the level of the new minimum wage and workers in wage groups higher up in the wage distribution.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 603-622
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578582
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:603-622




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luca J. Uberti
Author-X-Name-First: Luca J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Uberti
Author-Name: Geoffrey Pugh
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Pugh
Author-Name: Endrit Lami
Author-X-Name-First: Endrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Lami
Author-Name: Drini Imami
Author-X-Name-First: Drini
Author-X-Name-Last: Imami
Title: Election cycles and mining-sector governance in post-conflict Kosovo
Abstract: 
 Political business cycles are typically linked to the manipulation of fiscal or monetary policy instruments. In a recent article, Imami, Lami and Uberti (ILU) argue that opportunistic politicians may also choose to manipulate non-fiscal/non-monetary policy instruments. Here, we extend ILU’s study using time-series data on mining-sector licensing from post-conflict Kosovo (2001–2018). We find robust evidence that is consistent with electoral opportunism in the allocation of mining permits, despite the checks-and-balance mechanisms introduced by Kosovo’s international administrators in an attempt to reduce the politicisation of licensing. That said, the cycle effect is only observed prior to scheduled, as opposed to early, elections. Disaggregating the data by licence type, in addition, we find that the observed election cycle is driven primarily by the manipulation of licences for the mining of construction materials. We argue that, in the context of post-conflict Kosovo, this is the category of licences whose strategic manipulation offers the greatest pay-off to the incumbent. The results raise some questions about the feasibility of fighting political opportunism (and, relatedly, corruption) by establishing formal check-and-balance mechanisms.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 623-645
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:623-645




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Szalavetz
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Szalavetz
Title: Digitalisation, automation and upgrading in global value chains - factory economy actors versus lead companies
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the differences in the application and impact of digital technologies between manufacturing subsidiaries and lead companies, the principal orchestrators of global automotive value chains. Utilising a dataset of 10 in-depth interviews with automotive industry actors, we analyse headquarters–subsidiary differences in the patterns of digitalisation-driven upgrading. A theoretical framework is offered that explains why the significant upgrading achievements of manufacturing subsidiaries deploying industry 4.0 technologies will not reduce the gap between lead companies and manufacturing subsidiaries in terms of value generation. We show that the concept of ‘industry 4.0’ is much narrower than that of ‘digitalisation’ and transition to smart factories is only part of the digital transformation story. Industry 4.0 technologies contribute to the upgrading of operations, and enable subsidiaries to take on production-related knowledge-intensive assignments (functional upgrading). Conversely, digitalisation serves lead companies’ strategic differentiation efforts, and facilitates achieving competitive advantage: the latter are crucial for value capture.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 646-670
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578584
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:646-670




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dušan Pavlović
Author-X-Name-First: Dušan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavlović
Title: When do neoliberal economic reforms cause democratic decline? Evidence from the post-communist Southeast Europe
Abstract: 
 Do neoliberal reforms (notably, austerity policy) facilitate democratic decline and the gradual deconstruction of democratic institutions? I examine the democratic development of the Western Balkan countries since 2008 by focusing on the two most recent cases of democratic rollback in Macedonia and Serbia. Neoliberal reforms may create a preference to shut down democratic institutions, because such reforms are socially costly and politically risky. However, democratic backsliding is not possible without opportunity. I illustrate this with reference to the examples of Hungary and Croatia. Croatia implemented some neoliberal policies after 2015, but did not see a drop in its democracy score. By contrast, Hungary moved towards centrally planned capitalism, nationalisation and state interventionism (all opposed to the neoliberal concept of reform), and yet saw a significant democratic decline after 2010. The opportunity to dismantle democratic institutions was a consequence of an electoral gap (a difference in vote share between former and new incumbents), which enabled the rise of authoritarian leaders in Macedonia, Hungary and Serbia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 671-697
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607436
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:671-697




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 698-698
Issue: 5
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1577038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1577038
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:5:p:698-698




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krzysztof Jackowicz
Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackowicz
Author-Name: Oskar Kowalewski
Author-X-Name-First: Oskar
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowalewski
Author-Name: Łukasz Kozłowski
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozłowski
Author-Name: Paulina Roszkowska
Author-X-Name-First: Paulina
Author-X-Name-Last: Roszkowska
Title: Issuing bonds, shares or staying private? Determinants of going public in an emerging economy
Abstract: 
 The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of Europe’s largest exchanges by the number of initial public offerings. In this study, we use a large data-set to explore firms’ decisions to issue equity on the main or alternative market, and debt on the bond market. We observe that, in general, larger, more profitable firms are more likely to go public, although in contrast to developed economies these firms tend to be younger. Moreover, we find that current market valuation positively affects the decision to go public on the main market, and we establish that highly leveraged companies are more likely to issue either shares on the alternative market or bonds. At the same time, however, we observe that firms issuing shares on the alternative market are most likely to manipulate their profitability prior to going public.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1226771
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1226771
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Bouzarovski
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouzarovski
Author-Name: Sergio Tirado Herrero
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirado Herrero
Title: Geographies of injustice: the socio-spatial determinants of energy poverty in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary
Abstract: 
 Falling real incomes, rising utility prices and the historically poor thermal quality of the housing stock are some of the main factors that have driven the rise of systemic injustices surrounding energy poverty in the post-communist states of Eastern and Central Europe (ECE). We undertake a socio-spatial and temporal assessment of energy poverty in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland, using Household Budget Survey micro-data and the consolidated national results of the EU Survey of Income and Living Conditions. Our results indicate that increases in domestic energy prices and expenditures during the last decade have not been offset by purchasing power gains or energy efficiency improvements, resulting in sustained and growing levels of energy poverty. Capital city regions have fared better than rural areas even if traditional macroeconomic performance indicators do not easily match domestic energy deprivation metrics. We thus question policy approaches that favour income-based solutions and fail to recognise housing- and demography-related vulnerabilities.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 27-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1242257
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1242257
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikhail Stolbov
Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail
Author-X-Name-Last: Stolbov
Title: Determinants of sovereign credit risk: the case of Russia
Abstract: 
 The article analyses external and domestic determinants of Russian sovereign credit risk from January 2001 to May 2015. The analysis is conducted in a time series framework, involving the ARDL approach and VECM model. External risk factors outperform domestic fundamentals. The VIX index and oil prices are the most important factors, followed by the Fitch credit rating changes and TED spread. There is evidence for the piggyback effect by S&amp;P whose credit rating changes are driven by Fitch Ratings and Moody’s decisions. Among macroeconomic fundamentals only exchange rate dynamics and foreign reserves appear significant. The importance of the fundamentals further decreases when Granger (no) causality tests are conducted. The findings reveal a limited role of domestic macroeconomic policy in curbing Russian sovereign credit risk.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 51-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1237045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1237045
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:51-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleksander Lust
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksander
Author-X-Name-Last: Lust
Title: Broken rails: the privatisation of Estonian railways
Abstract: 
 Based on the experience of Estonian railways, this article argues that the privatisation of monopolistic infrastructure is economically wasteful and politically divisive. In 2000–2001, Estonia sold the passenger carrier and a portion of the track to domestic businessmen posing as a British strategic investor, and the main freight carrier and most of the track to an American-led consortium. The passenger carrier continued to receive government subsidies but closed several rail lines, which led to protests by passengers. The freight carrier earned large profits from the transit of Russian oil to Europe, but invested its money in buying used American locomotives, rather than rebuilding the track. Both companies laid off about half of their workforce, provoking the first private-sector strike in Estonia since the collapse of Communism. In 2006, a new government bought back the freight services and track at more than twice the sale price, an expensive lesson in the perils of privatisation.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 71-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1237041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1237041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:71-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ngo Vi Dung
Author-X-Name-First: Ngo Vi
Author-X-Name-Last: Dung
Author-Name: Nguyen Ngoc Thang
Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Ngoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Thang
Title: Forestland rights institutions and forest management of Vietnamese households
Abstract: 
 This article aims to unbundle the influence of prevailing forestland rights institutions on the forest management behaviours of Vietnamese households. Based on a sample of 398 observations, we investigate the impact of two dimensions of forestland rights institutions (i.e. the formality and the duration) of two types of forest (i.e. production and protection forests) on two types of forest management behaviours (i.e. clearing and improving forest). We find that different dimensions of forestland rights institutions have different impacts on the forest management behaviour of households.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 90-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1245485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1245485
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:90-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rafał Riedel
Author-X-Name-First: Rafał
Author-X-Name-Last: Riedel
Title: The evolution of the Polish central bank’s views on Eurozone membership
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the reports published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP – Narodowy Bank Polski) between 2004 and 2014. These reports shed light on the evolution of official thinking on the possibility of Polish participation in the Eurozone, revealing a decline in enthusiasm over time. This change has taken place against a backdrop of a shift in general public attitudes (in Poland) towards the European Union, and a more specific shift in public opinion on the desirability of monetary integration on the supranational level caused by the economic crisis. These two factors explain the shift in conclusions and arguments contained in the official reports of the National Bank of Poland.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 106-116
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1242213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1242213
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:106-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danilo Stojanović
Author-X-Name-First: Danilo
Author-X-Name-Last: Stojanović
Author-Name: Dušan Stojanović
Author-X-Name-First: Dušan
Author-X-Name-Last: Stojanović
Title: Monetary policy transmission mechanisms in Serbia: evidence from the fully-fledged inflation targeting regime
Abstract: 
 This article examines the effectiveness of monetary transmission mechanisms in the Serbian economy, covering the period from January 2009 (the point at which the formal switch to the fully-fledged inflation targeting regime was made) to December 2013. The results of the recursive VAR models suggest that the exchange rate and credit channels play a major role in the monetary transmission process, whereas this is not true in the case of the interest rate channel. However, the results of the non-recursive VAR models show that the role of the exchange rate has diminished over time. On the other hand, the credit channel has become much more influential. Thus, if one of the overriding objectives of adopting the explicit inflation targeting regime is to enhance the importance of other channels apart from the exchange rate channel, which could make monetary policy more effective in achieving price and financial stability, the switch to the inflation targeting regime is justified.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 117-137
Issue: 1
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1238083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1238083
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:1:p:117-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Inequality and historical legacies: evidence from post-communist regions
Abstract: 
 Egalitarianism is one of the key elements of the communist ideology, yet some of the former communist countries are among the most unequal in the world in terms of income distribution. How does the communist legacy affect income inequality in the long run? The goal of this article is to investigate this question by looking at a sample of sub-national regions of Russia. To be able to single out the mechanisms of the communist legacy effects more carefully, we look at a particular aspect of the communist legacy – the legacy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). We demonstrate that the sub-national regions of Russia, which had higher CPSU membership rates in the past, are characterised by lower income inequality. This, however, appears to be unrelated to the governmental redistribution policies; we link lower inequality to the prevalence of informal networks.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 699-724
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607440
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:6:p:699-724




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisabeth Paulet
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Paulet
Author-Name: Francesc Relano
Author-X-Name-First: Francesc
Author-X-Name-Last: Relano
Title: Exploring convergence in the banking sector: reinforcing trends in China and India
Abstract: 
 This article explores the convergence hypothesis in the Chinese and Indian banking sectors following the reforms of their financial systems. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques to estimate banking efficiency, the main question examined throughout this study is whether this quest for higher performance through liberalisation has also entailed a convergence in banking practices. The results show that this is indeed the case. Rather than finding a specific way of inserting their banking models on the global stage, China and India have been progressively adopting international standards, resulting in a mounting homogeneity in banking business practices.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 725-749
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607438
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607438
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:6:p:725-749




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata Yanbykh
Author-X-Name-First: Renata
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanbykh
Author-Name: Valeriy Saraikin
Author-X-Name-First: Valeriy
Author-X-Name-Last: Saraikin
Author-Name: Zvi Lerman
Author-X-Name-First: Zvi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lerman
Title: Cooperative tradition in Russia: a revival of agricultural service cooperatives?
Abstract: 
 Agricultural cooperatives in Russia have had an uneven evolution: from their initial form of service cooperatives based on classical principles of cooperation in the decades before 1929, they evolved to predominantly production cooperatives during the Soviet era and then back to service cooperatives with the rapid decline in the number and share of production cooperatives after 1992. The number of agricultural cooperatives providing product marketing, input supply, machinery and farm credit services matches the number of production cooperatives as of 2016 but formal membership in service cooperatives is minuscule. Yet, the potential membership in agricultural service cooperatives is conservatively estimated at between 3.8 and 7.5 million rural households, or between 29% and 56% of the rural households in 2017. These numbers represent the pool of small agricultural producers in Russia that are most likely to benefit from cooperation in farm services. More optimistic estimates put the potential number of cooperators at over 90% of all rural households. Examination of possible policy measures for the development of service cooperatives has led to a disturbing conclusion that cooperatives flourish in regions that provide ample budgetary support. No tendencies for significant bottom-up development of cooperatives are observed.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 750-771
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607439
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607439
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuriy Perevyshin
Author-X-Name-First: Yuriy
Author-X-Name-Last: Perevyshin
Author-Name: Sergey Sinel’Nikov-Murylev
Author-X-Name-First: Sergey
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinel’Nikov-Murylev
Author-Name: Pavel Trunin
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel
Author-X-Name-Last: Trunin
Title: Determinants of price level differences in Russian regions
Abstract: 
 We examine the factors determining regional price differentiation in the Russian Federation. According to official statistics, the price of a fixed set of goods and services in different regions may currently differ more than two-fold. Employing panel data analysis for 2000–2015, we find differences in regional prices were caused by the following factors: the Balassa–Samuelson effect (differences in wages, regional economic structure, income structure); regional trade costs (distance of the region from other regions); and the level of monopolisation of retail trade. The results obtained in the article can be used in developing and implementing economic policy aimed at the reduction of poverty, in assessing the efficiency of transport and logistical projects, and also in developing and analysing the consequences of monetary policy. Taking into account price differences between regions can therefore improve accuracy in forecasting the consequences of measures of monetary policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 772-789
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1578586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578586
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:6:p:772-789




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thanh Ngo
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngo
Author-Name: Tu Le
Author-X-Name-First: Tu
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Son H. Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Son H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran
Author-Name: Anh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Anh
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Canh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Canh
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: Sources of the performance of manufacturing firms: evidence from Vietnam
Abstract: 
 We used stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to investigate the cost efficiency and productivity of the manufacturing sector in Vietnam from 2010 to 2016 to determine the sources of their performance. Our findings suggest that it is important for the country and its regions to create a competitive environment for the development of their local manufacturing firms. We also found that larger firms, those with a longer history and those that are more export-oriented tend to outperform their counterparts. We suggest that the sampled firms should focus more on research and development and technological implementation to shift towards a capital-intensive state and thus enhance their productivity.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 790-804
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607129
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607129
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:6:p:790-804




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Goran Petrevski
Author-X-Name-First: Goran
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrevski
Author-Name: Borce Trenovski
Author-X-Name-First: Borce
Author-X-Name-Last: Trenovski
Author-Name: Biljana Tashevska
Author-X-Name-First: Biljana
Author-X-Name-Last: Tashevska
Title: The effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in a small open economy – the case of Macedonia
Abstract: 
 In this article, we use a recursive VAR model to study the macroeconomic effects of fiscal and monetary policies in Macedonia as well as their interactions during 2000–2014. The main findings from our empirical investigation are as follows: first, an increase in public expenditure results in lower economic activity, higher public debt and a loss of foreign exchange reserves; second, an increase in the public revenue has positive output effects accompanied by rising prices, higher foreign exchange reserves and a modest reduction in the public debt; third, a rise in the central bank’s interest rate produces conventional adverse effects on economic activity followed by a decline in the price level; fourth, monetary and fiscal policies act as strategic substitutes; and fifth, our estimates of the fiscal multipliers imply non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 805-821
Issue: 6
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1607437
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607437
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:6:p:805-821




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victoria Golikova
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Golikova
Author-Name: Boris Kuznetsov
Author-X-Name-First: Boris
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsov
Author-Name: Maxim Korotkov
Author-X-Name-First: Maxim
Author-X-Name-Last: Korotkov
Author-Name: Andrei Govorun
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei
Author-X-Name-Last: Govorun
Title: Trajectories of Russian manufacturing firms’ growth after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009: the role of restructuring efforts and regional institutional environment
Abstract: 
 The aim of this article is to conduct an empirical investigation and reveal which types of modernisation strategies and characteristics of regional institutional environment are likely to be associated with patterns of the performance of Russian manufacturing firms in 2007–2012. In addition to estimating the impact of ex-ante behaviour on the rate of sales growth, we use hierarchical cluster analysis to reveal the typical trajectories of firms’ sales growth. We find that the dynamic of sales for more than 90% of firms can be described by just two types of performance curve: (a) crisis decline with recovery and growth; and (b) crisis decline with weak recovery and stagnation. Firms that invested more prior to the crisis and implemented active restructuring were more likely to have positive post-crisis dynamics of sales. We find evidence that firms in the regions with lower levels of corruption (both administrative and everyday) were more likely to recover successfully after the crisis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 139-157
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267973
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:139-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Kurakin
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurakin
Author-Name: Oane Visser
Author-X-Name-First: Oane
Author-X-Name-Last: Visser
Title: Post-socialist agricultural cooperatives in Russia: a case study of top-down cooperatives in the Belgorod region
Abstract: 
 Through a study of agricultural service cooperatives in Russia’s Belgorod region, this article addresses two gaps in the literature: first, the dearth of empirical studies on cooperatives in post-socialist Russia; second, the lack of attention to top-down cooperatives in the global literature, and the overly negative approach to the topic in the few extant studies. Whereas state attempts to establish agricultural cooperatives in Russia in a top-down fashion have largely failed, such cooperatives have sprung up widely in Belgorod. The article investigates: (1) what influence the (regional) state exerts on the cooperatives, and how that affects their daily functioning and viability; and (2) to what extent such top-down cooperatives might evolve into less state-led forms, such as classic member-driven or business-like cooperatives.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 158-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:158-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yerken Turganbayev
Author-X-Name-First: Yerken
Author-X-Name-Last: Turganbayev
Title: Total factor productivity convergence across the Kazakh regions
Abstract: 
 This article examines total factor productivity (TFP) convergence across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1997–2013. Using a growth accounting methodology we found that the average level of TFP fell by almost 40% over the period under consideration. Several panel unit root tests confirm that the whole set of Kazakh regions and the group of non-oil regions converged in terms of TFP, while the group of oil-rich regions diverged. This result explains sigma-divergence of the GRP per capita across the regions of Kazakhstan by divergence in capital intensity.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 182-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267975
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:182-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Avdasheva
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana
Author-X-Name-Last: Avdasheva
Author-Name: Svetlana Golovanova
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovanova
Title: Oil explains all: desirable organisation of the Russian fuel markets (on the data of three waves of antitrust cases against oil companies)
Abstract: 
 This article considers the mutual influence of antitrust enforcement in the petroleum product markets and competition legislation in Russia. An analysis of infringement decisions by the Russian competition authority allows us to understand the perceived goals of economic policy in this sector. The shift from antitrust investigations and infringement decisions to a very specific set of remedies is explained by the desire to maintain low retail prices under increasing concentration without price subsidisation or promotion of entry at the refining stage of the value chain. The article highlights the specific use of antitrust legislation to maintain low fuel prices and support independent retailing companies. We also note the limitation this policy faces. The goals and effects of antitrust enforcement in the industry explain, in turn, the specific path of competition legislation development in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 198-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267971
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:198-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emil Erjavec
Author-X-Name-First: Emil
Author-X-Name-Last: Erjavec
Author-Name: Tina Volk
Author-X-Name-First: Tina
Author-X-Name-Last: Volk
Author-Name: Ilona Rac
Author-X-Name-First: Ilona
Author-X-Name-Last: Rac
Author-Name: Maja Kožar
Author-X-Name-First: Maja
Author-X-Name-Last: Kožar
Author-Name: Marjeta Pintar
Author-X-Name-First: Marjeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Pintar
Author-Name: Miro Rednak
Author-X-Name-First: Miro
Author-X-Name-Last: Rednak
Title: Agricultural support in selected Eastern European and Eurasian countries
Abstract: 
 The goal of this article is to assess the agricultural policies of eight countries from the former Soviet Union. They hold great potential for agricultural production, and some are relatively unanalysed from the point of view of agricultural policy. The analysis was conducted using qualitative and quantitative evidence. The key challenges facing the region are food security and competitiveness. Policy approaches range from strong interventionism to almost complete liberalisation. Budgetary support is relatively low compared to EU and OECD averages. Transfers to producers dominate (especially input subsidies and on-farm investment support) in all countries, and support to rural development and general services is weak. While prices for crops are near world prices, prices for animal products are fairly high in some countries, indicating high developmental needs. It is possible to discern four broad clusters of countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 216-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267968
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:216-231




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tor Bukkvoll
Author-X-Name-First: Tor
Author-X-Name-Last: Bukkvoll
Author-Name: Tomas Malmlöf
Author-X-Name-First: Tomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Malmlöf
Author-Name: Konstantin Makienko
Author-X-Name-First: Konstantin
Author-X-Name-Last: Makienko
Title: The defence industry as a locomotive for technological renewal in Russia: are the conditions in place?
Abstract: 
 This article examines the extent to which the conditions for successful military to civilian technological spin-offs are in place in Russia. This is important because Russian authorities use the potential for such spin-offs as one of several arguments for justifying large defence expenditure. Six conditions are identified, all of which are derived from the theoretical literature on the transfer of technology from the military to civilian sector. We conclude that despite some government efforts to generate spin-offs by providing technology brokering, and despite some joint military–civilian technological development taking place within defence industry enterprises, most of the conditions required to generate substantial technology transfer from the military to civilian sector are not present in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 232-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267967
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267967
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:232-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zoya Nissanov
Author-X-Name-First: Zoya
Author-X-Name-Last: Nissanov
Title: Income mobility and the middle class in Russia, 1995–2007
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the determinants of income mobility between 1995 and 2007, using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). The analysis uses the mixture model method and is carried out between and within income groups, defined on the basis of household income. The results of the within-group analysis suggest that the probability of remaining in the middle of the income distribution is greater than that of remaining poor or rich. However, if a household moves away from the middle group, the probability of falling into the bottom group is much higher than that of moving upwards.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 250-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1298271
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1298271
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:250-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalia Ermasova
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ermasova
Author-Name: John Mikesell
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikesell
Title: Fiscal disparity and equalisation in the Russian Federation
Abstract: 
 The regions of the Russian Federation are economically disparate. Differential endowment with energy resources drives much of this disparity and this translates into highly diverse fiscal capacities. Although regions do have some independent revenue-raising authority, all taxes are administered by the national Ministry of Taxation and a sizable share (roughly 45%) of total national revenue is transferred to regional and local government. The transfers, however, are not of equal importance to all regions. This article focuses on vertical and horizontal balance in the country. It examines differential revenue capacity and the extent to which national transfer programmes mitigate fiscal disparity.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1084726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084726
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Rugraff
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugraff
Author-Name: Magdolna Sass
Author-X-Name-First: Magdolna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sass
Title: Voting for staying. Why didn’t the foreign-owned automotive component suppliers relocate their activity from Hungary to lower-wage countries as a response to the economic crisis?
Abstract: 
 On the basis of interviews with 10 foreign-owned automobile component suppliers in Hungary and the collection of indirect information, this article explains why the multinationals did not relocate their activity from Hungary to lower-wage countries as a response to the economic crisis. We suggest that the four ‘keep factors of location’ – additional investments of the automobile manufacturers, unchanged labour market regulation, changes in government policy and the existence of few alternative sites of relocation – were more dominant than the two main ‘push factors of relocation’ – relatively low sunk costs and low dependence on the local environment.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 16-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124552
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Attila Jambor
Author-X-Name-First: Attila
Author-X-Name-Last: Jambor
Author-Name: Nuno Carlos Leitão
Author-X-Name-First: Nuno
Author-X-Name-Last: Carlos Leitão
Title: Industry-specific determinants of vertical intra-industry trade: the case of EU new member states’ agri-food sector
Abstract: 
 The determinants of intra-industry agri-food trade are analysed to only a limited extent in the literature. This article investigates the industry-specific determinants of vertical intra-industry agri-food trade between new member states of the EU and the other EU countries for the period 1999–2010 by applying a dynamic panel data model. Results suggest that IIT is mainly low vertical in nature, suggesting regional export of low-quality products to EU markets. Results also show that vertical product differentiation and FDI are positively related to VIIT, suggesting that quality growth and investments foster vertical intra-industry trade. As to productivity and factor endowments a negative relationship with VIIT was found, implying the labour abundant and similar nature of NMS agricultural sectors.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 34-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124553
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:1:p:34-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher A. Hartwell
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartwell
Title: Improving competitiveness in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union: a blueprint for the next decade
Abstract: 
 The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has made incredible strides in becoming an integrated body over the past 10 years, and is becoming part of a broader global process of economic regionalism that is shaping economic competitiveness. This paper applies a SWOT analysis to current and projected EAEU member states, and identifies where the difficulties and opportunities for the EAEU’s member countries will be in improving competitiveness in the coming years. The key conclusions are that the EAEU’s own institutional arrangements may foster competitiveness if it is able to remove some of the barriers to innovation that currently exist in the bloc’s member states.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 49-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124554
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:1:p:49-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nat Moser
Author-X-Name-First: Nat
Author-X-Name-Last: Moser
Title: Ownership and enterprise performance in the Russian oil industry, 1992–2012
Abstract: 
 This article examines enterprise performance in Russian oil companies between 1992 and 2012. The analysis is based upon longitudinal trend output data, and distinguishes between four different types of owners – outsider private, insider private, federal state and regional state. In comparison with previous studies which considered just 1999–2004, and identified outsider private companies as the best performers, this article finds that over the longer period 1992–2012 federal state and insider private-owned companies actually performed best. The explanation for this relates to institutions and the business environment.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 72-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124555
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:1:p:72-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laetitia Duval
Author-X-Name-First: Laetitia
Author-X-Name-Last: Duval
Author-Name: François-Charles Wolff
Author-X-Name-First: François-Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff
Title: Emigration intentions of Roma: evidence from Central and South-East Europe
Abstract: 
 The Roma constitute the largest, poorest and youngest ethnic minority group in Europe. Over the last few years, they have attracted unprecedented attention with the fear of massive waves of emigrants to Western European countries. Using unique comparative data from 12 Central and South-East European countries, we study the pattern and determinants of Roma emigration intentions. We find that plans to go abroad are more frequent among Roma compared to non-Roma, but the ethnic gap in emigration intentions is not explained by the more disadvantaged characteristics of Roma compared to non-Roma. Among the Roma population, potential emigrants are more educated and wealthier on average. Finally, ethnic discrimination is a very influential factor that explains the intentions to emigrate within the Roma population.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 87-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124558
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:1:p:87-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Louis Combes
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Louis
Author-X-Name-Last: Combes
Author-Name: Alexandru Minea
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandru
Author-X-Name-Last: Minea
Author-Name: Lavinia Mustea
Author-X-Name-First: Lavinia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mustea
Author-Name: Thierry Yogo
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry
Author-X-Name-Last: Yogo
Title: Output effects of fiscal stimulus in Central and Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 In spite of the rapidly growing research on fiscal multipliers over recent years, little evidence has been so far accumulated in developing and emerging economies. This paper investigates the nature and the size of fiscal multipliers in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Unlike most of the existing literature, we draw upon a panel vector error correction model, which appropriately captures the common long-term path of CEE countries, while allowing for different short-run dynamics, in an integrated setup. Our main results show that the spending multiplier is positive, but low on average. Moreover, its sign, significance and magnitude vary across CEE. Finally, both impulse and cumulative fiscal multipliers are sensitive to a wide range of CEE characteristics, including the exchange rate regime, the level of economic development, the fiscal stance and the openness degree.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 108-127
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2015.1124559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:1:p:108-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Feldmann
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldmann
Title: Extraordinary politics and durable reform: lessons from trade liberalisation in Estonia and Poland
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the significance of the period of extraordinary politics after the fall of communism for policy reform. It examines under what circumstances policy reforms enacted during such periods are durable by comparing trade liberalisation in Poland and Estonia in the early 1990s. The article relates this question to the historical institutionalist debate surrounding critical junctures, gradual change and the politics of stability and change. It argues that trade policy reform enacted during periods of extraordinary politics is most likely to be durable if it is associated with deeper changes in structural conditions, such as dominant ideas, interests and institutions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 365-381
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1362097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1362097
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:365-381




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki
Author-Name: Satoshi Mizobata
Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Mizobata
Author-Name: Alexander Muravyev
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Muravyev
Title: Ownership dynamics and firm performance in an emerging economy: a meta-analysis of the Russian literature
Abstract: 
 This paper provides a meta-analysis of studies on the effect of ownership on the performance of Russian firms over 20 years of rapid institutional and economic changes. We review 29 studies extracted from the EconLit and Web of Science databases with a total of 877 relevant estimates. We find that the government negatively affects company performance regardless of its administrative level. In contrast, private ownership is positively associated with firm performance. However, the effect size and statistical significance are notably varied among different types of private ownership. While the effect of insider (employee and management) ownership is comparable to that of foreign investors, the effect of domestic outsider investors is considerably smaller. Our assessment of publication selection bias reveals that the existing literature does not contain genuine evidence for a series of ownership types and, therefore, some of the findings have certain limitations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 290-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442036
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442036
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:290-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rahmi Cetin
Author-X-Name-First: Rahmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Cetin
Author-Name: Robert Ackrill
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ackrill
Title: Exports, imports, growth and causality: a study of Slovakia
Abstract: 
 In this article, we analyse the trade–growth nexus for Slovakia. This country represents a critical case for such research because it is one of the most open economies in the world; by several measures it is the most open economy in the EU, with the most Eurocentric trade, and has maintained one of the best growth performances within the EU over a sustained period of time. In contrast to most contributions to the trade–growth literature, we analyse all six possible causal relationships between Slovakia’s exports, imports and growth, using the technique developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995), on quarterly data from 1997Q1 to 2014Q4. We find evidence supporting both the export-led-growth hypothesis and the import-led-growth hypothesis. None of the other four relationships was found to be significant.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 395-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442038
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:395-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bartosz Michalski
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Michalski
Title: Looking for evidence of the middle-income trap. The case of Polish trade in high-tech goods with Germany
Abstract: 
 Research on the transition of post-communist economies has long been aimed at the identification of obstacles to growth. The idea behind this article relates to the paradigm of the middle-income trap and its characteristics. We adopt this conceptual framework because the economic position of Poland is determined by the nature of global value chains, its geographical proximity to Germany and the inflow of foreign direct investments which sustain cost and efficiency advantages and foster technological dependence. We embark on an analysis of trade in high-tech goods with a particular emphasis placed on Polish–German relations in the most significant sectors: machinery, electrical and electronic equipment. The results show tendencies typical for the middle-income trap, which has particular implications for the development of the semi-peripheral Polish economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 405-420
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442050
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442050
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:405-420




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahmoud Alajaty
Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud
Author-X-Name-Last: Alajaty
Author-Name: John R. Anchor
Author-X-Name-First: John R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anchor
Title: Transition economies in the Middle East: the Syrian experience
Abstract: 
 There have been no in-depth studies of the post-socialist transition in the Middle East. Syria’s experience is a useful one to explore given its historically important role in the region and its distinctive characteristics. The Syrian economic transition, from the early 1990s to 2011, was in two phases: an incremental liberalisation phase and a transition to a social market economy phase. During both phases, Syrian policymakers showed a preference for a gradualist approach to economic transition, rather than a big-bang approach. This was facilitated by oil revenues and subsidies from the Gulf States. The Syrian experience therefore has its own distinct characteristics, as well as elements in common with the transitions in other post-socialist economies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 382-394
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442052
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:382-394




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: Zhijun Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhijun
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Honglie Helen Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Honglie Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: What leads to official corruption in China? A politico-economic analysis of economic opportunities and government corruption across China’s provinces
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the relationship between economic opportunities and official corruption in China. We construct a cross-province sample of corrupted officials to analyse the effects on official corruption of mineral reserve, coal production, real estate and road construction, while including control variables such as population, GDP per capita, economic growth rate, private assets, provincial government capacity, fiscal transparency and distance of the province from Beijing. Spanning from December 2012 to November 2015, our sample contains 526 high-level government officials who worked in various provinces in China. We find through multivariate regression that economic opportunities represented by coal, minerals, real estate and road construction all have a positive and significant effect on official corruption in China at the levels of provincial department director or deputy director; meanwhile, capacity of political extraction, road construction and coal production are better indicators of official corruption at the level of governor or deputy governor.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 273-289
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442055
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442055
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:273-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman
Author-Name: Evgeny Vinokurov
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeny
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinokurov
Title: Autocracies and regional integration: the Eurasian case
Abstract: 
 The establishment of the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2010, succeeded by the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015, constituted an important discontinuity in the development of post-Soviet regionalism: while the preceding organisations remained cases of ‘ink-on-paper’ regional integration, in the case of the Customs Union the members actually implemented their commitments. This creates an important theoretical challenge: the literature (which the previous experience of Eurasian regionalism was very much in line with) conjectures that authoritarian states are unable to successfully implement an economic regional integration agreement (RIA). The aim of the article is to explore the conditions under which implementation of economic RIAs by autocracies happens. We argue that the implementation is influenced by the extent of economic, social and political ties between member states, and suggest that, unlike democratic states, which are more likely to implement a RIA where there are strong economic ties, non-democracies are more likely to do so in the case of intermediate economic dependence.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 334-364
Issue: 3
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442057
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:3:p:334-364




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Title: Can Russia’s food exports reach $45 billion in 2024?
Abstract: 
 In May 2018 President Putin challenged the agricultural sector to increase the value of food exports to $45 billion by 2024, up from $26 billion in 2018. The article surveys opportunities for increasing the export of grain, meat, and dairy. Supply and demand factors for Russian food exports are examined. Obstacles to the expansion of food exports are also considered. Russia’s export model is supported by significant state interventions in the agricultural sector. The article concludes that despite significant obstacles, there is a reasonable chance that Putin’s target goal can be reached.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 147-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678346
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:147-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki
Author-Name: Kazuhiro Kumo
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumo
Title: Determinants of regional fertility in Russia: a dynamic panel data analysis
Abstract: 
 The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the regional determinants of the fertility rate in Russia using panel data for the period of 2005–2015. The estimation results of a system GMM dynamic model revealed that economic growth, employment opportunity, favourable local business conditions, educational opportunity, quality of social infrastructure, and housing supply serve to increase the fertility rate in Russian regions, while the presence of a Slavic population, migration inflow, poverty and ecological risks tend to suppress it. Furthermore, we found that combinations of factors that strongly affect the reproductive behaviour of Russian women vary greatly among age groups and regions. To mitigate the declining trend of fertility in Russia, it is necessary to implement policies that take generational differences and regional heterogeneity into serious consideration.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 176-214
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678333
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678333
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:176-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Carlos Cuestas
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Cuestas
Author-Name: Yannick Lucotte
Author-X-Name-First: Yannick
Author-X-Name-Last: Lucotte
Author-Name: Nicolas Reigl
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Reigl
Title: Banking sector concentration, competition and financial stability: the case of the Baltic countries
Abstract: 
 This paper empirically assesses the potential nonlinear relationship between competition and bank risk for a sample of commercial banks in the Baltic countries over the period 2000–2014. Competition is measured by two alternative indexes, the Lerner index and the market share, while we consider the Z-score and loan loss reserves as proxies for bank risk. In line with the theoretical predictions, we find an inverse U-shaped relationship between competition and financial stability. This then means that above a certain threshold, the lack of competition is likely to exacerbate the individual risk-taking behaviour of banks, and could be detrimental to the stability of the banking sector in the Baltic countries. The threshold is around 0.60 for the Lerner index, and close to 50% for market share in terms of assets. The policy implications are that the existence of such a threshold suggests that the future evolution of the structure of the banking industry in these countries is of critical importance. Specifically, this implies that policy-makers should place greater emphasis on mergers and acquisitions to avoid any significant increase of banking sector concentration.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 215-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640981
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:215-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josip Franić
Author-X-Name-First: Josip
Author-X-Name-Last: Franić
Title: Repression, voluntary compliance and undeclared work in a transition setting: some evidence from Poland
Abstract: 
 Despite substantial repressive endeavours of the tax authorities, undeclared work still remains deeply ingrained in the Polish economy. To explore reasons for such a modest achievement in the fight against noncompliance, this paper scrutinises key factors shaping the decisions of taxpayers in this respect. Logistic regression analysis applied on data from the representative survey of 1,000 individuals conducted during 2013 found no association between the perceived deterrence and the behaviour of Polish citizens. On the other hand, tax morale appears to be the central factor underlying both demand for and supply of undeclared goods and services. Besides questioning the validity of the current policy approach to tackle undeclared work in Poland, the paper hence also calls to put more emphasis on measures improving the culture of voluntary compliance.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 250-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640984
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640984
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:250-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Veton Zeqiraj
Author-X-Name-First: Veton
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeqiraj
Author-Name: Shawkat Hammoudeh
Author-X-Name-First: Shawkat
Author-X-Name-Last: Hammoudeh
Author-Name: Omer Iskenderoglu
Author-X-Name-First: Omer
Author-X-Name-Last: Iskenderoglu
Author-Name: Aviral Kumar Tiwari
Author-X-Name-First: Aviral Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari
Title: Banking sector performance and economic growth: evidence from Southeast European countries
Abstract: 
 Using a dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM), this paper examines the dynamic impact of banking sector performance on economic growth in thirteen Southeast European countries over the period 2000–2015 by taking into account human capital, investment, and trade openness, among other factors. The main empirical finding suggests a positive and significant impact of banking sector performance on economic growth, which implies that banking efficiency is among the main determinants of overall economic growth. Further, the impact of investment, human capital, and trade openness is found to be positive and significant. The major policy recommendation is that the governments in the respective countries should foster their banking system because of its direct impact on economic growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 267-284
Issue: 2
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640988
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:2:p:267-284




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Kennedy
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy
Title: Entrepreneurship and limited access: rethinking business–state relations in Russia
Abstract: 
 Predominant theories of the Russian political economy explain the vulnerability of independent business to the state, but they do not adequately explain why businesses survive and some thrive. Recent empirical studies of business conditions have not helped in this regard because most focus on ascertaining entrepreneurs’ attitudes rather than observing their behaviour. During ethnographic fieldwork within a Siberian business, the author found that informants were pessimistic about business conditions, but that they did not expect any improvement and had developed pragmatic approaches to securing their position in the local market and competencies required to generate a profit. Their relations with dominant elites were, moreover, cordial rather than antagonistic. To account for these findings, the author draws on Douglass C. North et al.’s Limited Access Order theory and Aleksei Yurchak’s concept of ‘entrepreneurial governmentality’, and seeks to reconceptualise the relationship between business and the state.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 265-281
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1314999
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1314999
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:265-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Morris
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris
Author-Name: Sarah Hinz
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Hinz
Title: Free automotive unions, industrial work and precariousness in provincial Russia
Abstract: 
 This article draws on ethnographic work carried out since 2009 on workers and automotive unions in Kaluga, Russia. The contrast between secure and temporary contract workers in foreign-owned car plants is a focus of activism among emerging alternative trade unions in Kaluga. Workers in both the ‘new’ production-scape of high-tech foreign-owned automotive assembly, and the ‘old’ low-tech Soviet production contexts articulate similar interpretive understandings of what constitutes ‘precarious’ work: lack of autonomy and the lack of a ‘social wage’ generally in labour. We interrogate this through in-depth interviews with unionised and non-unionised workers in the auto sector and other industries locally. A divide emerges between workers who go to work for the car plants, and those who remain in Soviet-types firms and who reject the labour relations model that it offers and which they understand to contrast with a traditional ‘paternalistic’ Russian model.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 282-296
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1315000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1315000
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:282-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin C. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Colin C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Ioana A. Horodnic
Author-X-Name-First: Ioana A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horodnic
Title: Explaining participation in the undeclared economy in Central and Eastern Europe: a demand-side approach
Abstract: 
 To explain participation in the undeclared economy, the conventional supply-side approach evaluates the reasons people work in this sphere. This article, for the first time in Central and Eastern Europe, explains the undeclared economy using a demand-side approach which evaluates citizens’ motives for purchasing undeclared goods and services. Here, three potential explanations for purchasing undeclared goods and services, grounded in rational economic actor, social actor and institutional imperfections theoretical perspectives, are evaluated. Reporting data from 11,131 face-to-face interviews conducted in 11 Central and Eastern European countries in 2013, the main finding is that all three explanations are used by consumers, demonstrating the need for a synthesis of these approaches. A multinomial regression analysis identifies the specific groups variously using the undeclared economy to obtain a lower price, for social or redistributive rationales, or due to formal institutional imperfections. The implications for theorising and tackling the undeclared economy are then explored.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 297-312
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1335453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1335453
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:297-312




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sébastien Charles
Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Charles
Author-Name: Jonathan Marie
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Marie
Title: Bulgaria’s hyperinflation in 1997: transition, banking fragility and foreign exchange
Abstract: 
 This article has two objectives: to study the 1997 episode of hyperinflation in Bulgaria, and to compare and contrast this analysis with the post-Keynesian theoretical approach. This approach highlights the role of three components observed simultaneously in order to understand the emergence of hyperinflation: a virulent distributive conflict; the presence of indexing mechanisms; and finally, flight from domestic currency into one or more foreign currencies. The article reveals that a transitional economy like that of Bulgaria in the 1990s may generate hyperinflation in the absence of any violent distribution conflict: the transition and the banking crisis engender inflation. The foreign exchange rate is decisive in the emergence of hyperinflationary dynamics (and therefore mistrust of domestic currency). This interpretation of hyperinflation is confirmed by an econometric analysis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 313-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1339476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1339476
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:313-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milan Deskar-Škrbić
Author-X-Name-First: Milan
Author-X-Name-Last: Deskar-Škrbić
Author-Name: Hrvoje Šimović
Author-X-Name-First: Hrvoje
Author-X-Name-Last: Šimović
Title: The effectiveness of fiscal spending in Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia: the role of trade openness and public debt level
Abstract: 
 Various structural characteristics of economies, directly or indirectly, affect the transmission from government stimuli to economic activity and determine the size of fiscal multipliers. In this article, we expand the standard Blanchard–Perotti fiscal SVAR model by incorporating the public debt and trade openness variables to assess the influence of these structural determinants on the effectiveness of fiscal spending in three selected former Yugoslav countries – Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. The results confirmed the main hypotheses, which state that public debt level and trade openness significantly affect the effectiveness of fiscal spending through the means of reduction in size of fiscal effects in all countries analysed. When comparing internationally, this reduction tends to be more evident in countries with a higher degree of average public debt level and trade openness.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 336-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1267972
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1267972
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:336-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jadranka Švarc
Author-X-Name-First: Jadranka
Author-X-Name-Last: Švarc
Title: A socio-political approach to exploring the innovation culture in post-socialist countries: the case of Croatia
Abstract: 
 Innovation culture and the social determinants of national innovation capacities have rarely been empirically researched in innovation-weak post-socialist countries despite the fact that innovation is considered one of the main drivers of their economic growth and convergence. Applying an alternative approach to identifying the factors that shape a national innovation culture is challenging as there has been little empirical research in the area. Moreover, the global cross-cultural concepts of national innovation culture hold little relevance for post-socialist countries. The trans-disciplinary socio-political approach employed in this article relies on the qualitative analysis of the dominant concepts used in political economy and sociology to identify the socio-cultural and political aspects of Croatia’s post-socialist transformation into a capitalist country. This is presented as one of the critical formative determinants of innovation culture. Croatia is chosen as a typical innovation-weak post-socialist country, where innovation remains weak. The analysis presented here suggests that transition-induced factors dominated by ‘crony variance of capitalism’ have an equal, if not a greater, suppressive impact on the current innovation culture than standard explanations based on the socio-cultural heritage of socialism and cultural inertia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 359-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1315001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1315001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:359-374




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katarzyna Szarzec
Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna
Author-X-Name-Last: Szarzec
Author-Name: Wanda Nowara
Author-X-Name-First: Wanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Nowara
Title: The economic performance of state-owned enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 This article explores the economic performance of state ownership in the largest non-financial enterprises operating in 13 post-socialist Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries over the period 2007–2013. The largest state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are selected based on the ‘Coface – 500 Top Companies in CEE’ list in 2013. Of these 500 enterprises, 69 were identified as state-owned. All originated in the socialist period. The majority of them are from Poland and Ukraine. SOEs hold a dominant position in energy supply, the oil and gas sector, and transport. We find that the persistence of state ownership in post-socialist countries is caused by incomplete privatisation and the presence of SOEs within strategic sectors. The economic performance of the largest state-owned companies is, on average, comparable to their private counterparts.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 375-391
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1316546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1316546
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:375-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zadia M. Feliciano
Author-X-Name-First: Zadia M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Feliciano
Author-Name: Nadia Doytch
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Doytch
Title: EU accession and foreign-owned firms in Bulgaria
Abstract: 
 Bulgaria signed the European Union accession treaty in 2005. Accession caused an increase in the volume of inward foreign direct investment flows (IFDI). We analyse World Bank BEEPS firm-level data for 2007 to understand the characteristics and performance of foreign firms in Bulgaria. Regression analysis reveals that foreign firms are larger, have lower capital-to-labour ratios, are more likely to export and are more likely to locate in Sofia. However, foreign firms have had limited success in Bulgaria. They do not exhibit higher sales growth and, in manufacturing, carried out lower capital investment in machinery than domestic firms. The numbers of visits from tax officials is the same for domestic and foreign firms in manufacturing, and lower for foreign firms in the service sector. However, firms with higher exports-to-sales ratios and higher absolute sales were subjected to a higher number of visits from tax officials. These findings suggest that a range of institutional challenges remain for foreign firms in Bulgaria.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 392-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1317425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1317425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:392-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nataša Vrh
Author-X-Name-First: Nataša
Author-X-Name-Last: Vrh
Title: The convergence in domestic value-added of exports in the EU
Abstract: 
 Difficulties in measuring domestic value-added in exports (DVA) have led to the development of alternative measures of trade in value-added terms. These new measures have enabled more accurate estimates that reveal that the EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE10) exhibit an approximately five percentage points lower DVA share of exports compared with other EU countries (EU15). The lag is on average the highest in knowledge-intensive manufacturing sectors (eight percentage points) and the lowest in knowledge-intensive services (0.3 percentage points). However, this article argues that the CEE10 economies have acquired new knowledge by participating in GVCs and thus have gradually started increasing their level of DVA. Based on EU trade data, this article presents evidence of convergence of DVA in manufacturing and especially in the services sector. It is also shown that a negative relationship exists between participation in GVCs and DVA in the CEE10 economies that is declining over time in both manufacturing and services exports.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 405-430
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1319107
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1319107
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:405-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mihai Mutascu
Author-X-Name-First: Mihai
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutascu
Title: The tax–spending nexus: evidence from Romania using wavelet analysis
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the relationship between government revenue and expenditure in Romania between 1991 and 2015 using the wavelet approach. The article presents detailed information for different sub-periods and frequencies, emphasising the lead–lag nexus between variables under cyclical and anti-cyclical shocks. The main findings show that using individual taxation techniques under structural reforms should control short-term budget deficits. Separately, when an economic crisis arises, expenditure adjustment is a more appropriate fiscal instrument. In the medium and long term, the taxation system for individuals is recommended to be used to control for budgetary deficits during crisis. At the same time, in the medium term, government expenditures also represent a suitable policy choice.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 431-447
Issue: 3
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1319170
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1319170
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:3:p:431-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marta Götz
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Götz
Author-Name: Barbara Jankowska
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Jankowska
Title: Outward foreign direct investment by Polish state-owned multinational enterprises: is ‘stateness’ an asset or a burden?
Abstract: 
 State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are commonly associated with undue advantages due to preferential treatment by the state. Simultaneously they are often quoted as handicapped given the notorious state interference, management problems and agency tensions. They used to be regarded as a mainly domestic issue but in the context of globalisation and the fact that states enter treaties with new obligations, SOEs’ performance ceased to be solely a domestic problem, increasingly so as state-owned multinational enterprises (SOMNEs) emerge. This article presents the results of research on Polish SOEs’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). It offers an overview of overseas activities of nine major Polish firms with a state stake and aims to contribute to the conceptual literature on foreign investments conducted by SOMNEs. We distinguish between FDI by SOMNEs as specific – privileged (facilitated) or discriminated (hampered) – investments subject to the home country’s state power and the host country’s state perception.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 216-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1361695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361695
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:216-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariusz Próchniak
Author-X-Name-First: Mariusz
Author-X-Name-Last: Próchniak
Title: The impact of product market competition on GDP per capita growth in the EU countries: does the model of capitalism matter?
Abstract: 
 This article assesses whether the intensity of product market competition is a factor affecting economic growth (measured by the growth rate of real GDP per capita) and whether this impact depends on the model of capitalism. The study covers the 1997–2015 period and all EU28 countries. Product market competition is measured by two types of variables: product market regulation indicators and the number of enterprises. New elements in the analysis include, among others, nonlinear impact and overlapping observations. The regression equations are estimated on the basis of Blundell and Bond’s GMM system estimator. The results generally indicate that stronger product market regulations (and theoretically lower product market competition) are linked with faster growth of output. However, the impact of product market competition on economic growth depends on the type of capitalism. For post-socialist countries, unlike the Western European model of capitalism, more regulation tends to reduce the rate of economic growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 131-155
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1362098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1362098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:131-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shengjun Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Shengjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Canfei He
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Title: Upgrading in China’s apparel industry: international trade, local clusters and institutional contexts
Abstract: 
 This article focuses on the concept of upgrading, and seeks to move away from a firm-centred approach of industrial upgrading towards a framework that recognises not only a firm’s integration into global value chains, but also its embeddedness within local networks and the context of wider institutional arrangements. Based on one firm-level database, this article measures upgrading in China’s apparel industry at the firm level, which allows us not only to evaluate the extent of upgrading in the industry as a whole and to compare its extent among individual firms and selected groups of firms, but also to differentiate and measure different types of upgrading. Empirical results confirm that the heterogeneity of firms, global and local linkages and the wider historical, political, institutional and economic context have all played a critical role in the process of upgrading, suggesting that a focus on dynamics of firm upgrading alone is insufficient.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 193-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1362099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1362099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:193-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jože P. Damijan
Author-X-Name-First: Jože P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Damijan
Title: Corporate financial soundness and its impact on firm performance: implications for corporate debt restructuring in Slovenia
Abstract: 
 This article studies the extent of corporate leverage and range of excessive debt of Slovenian firms during the recent financial crisis. Half of all firms (of those with some non-zero debt and at least one employee) are found to face an unsustainable debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio beyond 4, accounting for almost 80% of total outstanding debt. Moreover, a good quarter of all firms experience debt-to-EBITDA ratios exceeding 10 and hold almost half of total aggregate net debt. We then examine how this financial distress affects firm performance in terms of productivity, employment, exports, investment and survival. We find that, while less important during the good times (pre-recession period), lack of firms’ financial soundness during the period of financial distress becomes a critical factor constraining firm performance. The extent of financial leverage and ability to service the outstanding debt are shown to inhibit firms’ productivity growth as well as the dynamics of exports, employment and investment. Micro and small firms are found to suffer relatively more than larger firms from high leverage in terms of export and employment performance during the recession period.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 156-192
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1398518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1398518
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:156-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michał Gradzewicz
Author-X-Name-First: Michał
Author-X-Name-Last: Gradzewicz
Author-Name: Jakub Growiec
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Growiec
Author-Name: Marcin Kolasa
Author-X-Name-First: Marcin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolasa
Author-Name: Łukasz Postek
Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Postek
Author-Name: Paweł Strzelecki
Author-X-Name-First: Paweł
Author-X-Name-Last: Strzelecki
Title: Poland’s uninterrupted growth performance: new growth accounting evidence
Abstract: 
 Since 1992 Poland has experienced an exceptionally long spell of output growth that was not interrupted even by the global economic crisis. Using a growth accounting exercise based on new estimates of flows of capital and labour services in the Polish economy during the period 1996–2013, we study the structure of this growth, highlighting the key role of certain supply-side factors. Most notably, unlike other European countries, the Polish economy recorded both a marked increase in capital deepening, a big improvement in workforce composition (driven mostly by educational attainment), and an uninterrupted process of productivity convergence. We also comment on the supply-side factors which contributed to Poland’s relative resilience to the global economic crisis of 2007–2010.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 238-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1398519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1398519
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:238-272




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Understanding China&#x2019;s monetary policy: an institutional perspective
Abstract: 
 Given China&#x2019;s status as a large transitional economy, analysing the country&#x2019;s monetary policy requires an understanding of the institutional and policy environment within which monetary policy operates. As China&#x2019;s monetary policy has multiple objectives and the central bank is subordinate to the State Council in monetary policy decisions, addressing deep-rooted structural issues and improving governance and institutions are essential so that monetary policy can be more focused and effective. Confronted with the Impossible Trinity dilemma, China faces daunting challenges in tackling the inevitable policy choice between monetary autonomy and exchange rate control as its capital account increasingly liberalises. This article analyses China&#x2019;s unique and evolving monetary policy framework from an institutional perspective and evaluates the challenges to monetary management and reforms. Relevant policy implications for monetary policy implementation are also discussed.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1505695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1505695
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Tsiapa
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsiapa
Author-Name: Ioannis Batsiolas
Author-X-Name-First: Ioannis
Author-X-Name-Last: Batsiolas
Title: Firm resilience in regions of Eastern Europe during the period 2007&#x2013;2011
Abstract: 
 Firms are important economic agents in regions, and their survival and prosperity in crisis periods is closely related to the evolution and welfare of the regions in which they are located. This ability of firms to respond to and recover from shocks is conceptualised by the notion of firm resilience. This paper studies the determinants of firm resilience in the regions of Eastern Europe during the period 2007&#x2013;2011 using a novel, dynamic, spatial and broad conceptual framework aspect. The analysis shows through a variety of determinants that firms of Eastern EU countries have greater resilience, while it also highlights that the resilience of firms is defined, firstly, not only by current structural transformations but also by the initial conditions and, secondly, not only by the firms&#x2019; characteristics and capabilities but also by the spatial characteristics and irregularities of their broader environment.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 19-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443250
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:19-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott W. Hegerty
Author-X-Name-First: Scott W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hegerty
Title: Do capital flows drive credit growth and consumption in Central and Eastern Europe?
Abstract: 
 Domestic credit expansion in CEE economies, fuelled in part by foreign capital inflows, helped increase household welfare before the 2008 financial crisis caused a contraction across the region. How strong are the linkages between the current account, domestic credit and consumer spending? This study compiles a quarterly dataset of domestic credit as a share of GDP for 11 CEE European Union members and isolates structural breaks in the series&#x2019; growth rates that often align with the 2008 crisis. Vector autoregressive methods, particularly impulse response functions, show that increased current-account deficits lead to increased consumption in six of the 11 countries and increased credit growth in three, and that shocks to credit growth increase consumption in six countries. Capital inflows significantly increase consumption through domestic credit in Slovenia, while the Baltics show a large share of significant effects.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 36-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1461516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1461516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:36-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorena Lombardozzi
Author-X-Name-First: Lorena
Author-X-Name-Last: Lombardozzi
Title: Can distortions in agriculture support structural transformation? The case of Uzbekistan
Abstract: 
 The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in the development process of a country. However, the tools used to trigger economic development are objects of controversy in theory and practice. While neoclassical theory contends that state interventions and protectionism create inefficiencies and sub-optimal allocation of resources, heterodox authors argue that those measures can be instrumental in fostering growth. Uzbekistan has applied heterodox distortive measures in agriculture. This paper investigates the implications of those distortions for the Uzbek economy. I argue that state interventions in agriculture, through surplus extraction and economies of scale, have facilitated investments in added-value industries, driving national structural transformation.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 52-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1458486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1458486
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:52-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mateusz Pipie&#x144;
Author-X-Name-First: Mateusz
Author-X-Name-Last: Pipie&#x144;
Author-Name: Sylwia Roszkowska
Author-X-Name-First: Sylwia
Author-X-Name-Last: Roszkowska
Title: The heterogeneity of convergence in transition countries
Abstract: 
 For two groups of post-communist countries (CEE and CIS) we estimated the parameters of convergence equations on the basis of annual data. We depart from standard econometric theory, which involves panel regression techniques. We test cross-country heterogeneity of parameters within a system of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE). We show empirical evidence in favour of the variability of parameters describing the convergence effect and productivity growth rates across countries. Our approach seems a convincing alternative to the panel regression approach where random effects can be estimated, imposing an assumption about the constancy of structural parameters within the group of countries under analysis. We discuss the role of the global financial crisis in the heterogeneity of convergence processes and productivity at the country level. The aforementioned SURE model was estimated based on two datasets, one containing observations prior to the crisis and the second containing the whole sample.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 75-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443245
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443245
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:75-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milica Latinovic
Author-X-Name-First: Milica
Author-X-Name-Last: Latinovic
Author-Name: Nela Milosevic
Author-X-Name-First: Nela
Author-X-Name-Last: Milosevic
Title: Income inequality and credit expansion in post-communist countries
Abstract: 
 There is an on-going debate on the antecedents and consequences of income inequality. Recent studies find that income inequality was a cause of the recent financial crisis. However, the findings on the inequality&#x2013;indebtedness relationship are mixed and based on analyses of developed countries. The aim of this research is to test how income inequality influences borrowing in post-communist countries, whose financial markets are not very developed, which has important implications for income inequality. Therefore, we include financial system development in the analysis. We base our analysis on state-level panel data and find that income inequality will increase indebtedness in the private sector. However, these results are model and region specific. To preclude higher income inequality and the emergence of a financial crisis, policies should be directed towards improving the role of financial intermediaries and stock markets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 106-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443247
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443247
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:106-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suzana Makreshanska-Mladenovska
Author-X-Name-First: Suzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Makreshanska-Mladenovska
Author-Name: Goran Petrevski
Author-X-Name-First: Goran
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrevski
Title: Decentralisation and income inequality in Central and Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 This paper provides empirical evidence for the association between fiscal decentralisation and income distribution for a panel of 11 economies from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) during 1992&#x2013;2016. We focus on three research topics: the effect of decentralisation on income inequality; the effects of the structure of subnational government finance on income inequality; and the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis. The main findings from the empirical exercise are as follows: first, we provide firm evidence on the presumed favourable effects of fiscal decentralisation on income distribution in the CEE countries; second, our empirical model suggests that the effects of fiscal decentralisation on income inequality are dependent on the source of finance of subnational governments, i.e. intergovernmental transfers may have a role in income equalisation; third, we cannot confirm the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis in CEE countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 123-136
Issue: 1
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1461526
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1461526
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:1:p:123-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Fortescue
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortescue
Title: Russian federal budget formation: introduction
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 449-456
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333795
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333795
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:449-456




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Khmelnitskaya
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Khmelnitskaya
Title: The social budget policy process in Russia at a time of crisis
Abstract: 
 This article examines the process of Russian social budget formation during 2015–2016, a period marked by a significant reduction in state revenues due to changes in Russia’s economic and international environment. Participants in the budget process included the president, prime minister, the financial–economic and social blocs of government, and experts outside the government. An important concern associated with the social sphere was maintaining political popularity. Budget formation in this area occurred via bureaucratic bargaining, with the president intervening only on the most salient issues. Examples of policy elaboration including indexation of major benefits and the freezing of pension contributions are considered.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 457-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333794
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:457-475




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian Cooper
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooper
Title: The Russian budgetary process and defence: finding the ‘golden mean’
Abstract: 
 In Russia the budgetary process for defence is broadly similar to that for other sectors but is characterised by a considerable degree of secrecy, limiting the role of parliament and any form of effective social control. The article examines the main actors and features of the defence budgetary process, the system of state secrecy, and explores the issue that generates the most conflict between the ministries of finance and defence, namely the long-term state armament programme.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 476-490
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333793
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:476-490




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lev Jakobson
Author-X-Name-First: Lev
Author-X-Name-Last: Jakobson
Title: Russian experts: missing actors of the budget process
Abstract: 
 This article provides an examination of the role of experts in the Russian budget process. Experts are those whose role is based on specialised knowledge and technical skills, rather than affiliation to an agency, association or political party. Ideally their contributions are impartial. In the first part of the article the channels of expert influence are described, primarily within the executive branch. Features are found in these channels that mean that impartial advice is not always guaranteed. In the second part, on the basis of a survey of experts, the answers to two questions are sought: whether they feel that impartial advice is expected of them and whether they provide it. There are negative elements in the responses on both counts, suggesting that despite some evidence of demand for such advice on the part of policy-makers, expert advice is often not impartial.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 491-504
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333792
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:491-504




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben Noble
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Noble
Title: Amending budget bills in the Russian State Duma
Abstract: 
 Do budget bills change during review in the Russian State Duma? If so, by how much and why? Portrayals of the contemporary Federal Assembly as a ‘rubber stamp’ parliament would suggest that budget initiatives undergo no amendment during the formal period of legislative review. There is, however, evidence of bill change. The article’s primary goal is to present this surprising evidence, focusing on changes to spending figures in the 2002–2016 budget bills. The article also discusses why such changes are made, assessing hypotheses concerning legislator influence, technical updating and intra-executive conflict.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 505-522
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333791
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:505-522




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Fortescue
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortescue
Title: The role of the executive in Russian budget formation
Abstract: 
 The article provides an examination of the role of Russia’s dual (semi-presidential) executive in the budget process. The Constitution gives the president a strategic role, leaving operational budget formation to the ‘government’, chaired by the prime minister, whereas the common view of Russian policy making is of the president’s ‘hands-on management’. The article looks at how the president engages in the budget process, and whether, on the one hand, excessive ‘hands-on’ presidential involvement leads to a disrupted policy process, or, on the other hand, it breaks down the inter-agency deadlocks that are common in Russian policy making. The conclusion is that a reasonable balance is found between the two.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 523-537
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1333790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1333790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:523-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov
Author-X-Name-First: Igor
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov
Author-Name: Alexandra Kokorina
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Kokorina
Author-Name: Zokirzhon Saidov
Author-X-Name-First: Zokirzhon
Author-X-Name-Last: Saidov
Title: The cul-de-sac of foreign industrial investments to Russia
Abstract: 
 The aim of this article is to determine the rationale for the ‘irrational’ investment behaviour of multinational corporations (MNCs) in Russia. During the on-going recession in a number of major sectors, MNCs have undertaken only a very limited number of divestments and, instead, have commissioned a record number of new manufacturing facilities (by opening new plants and expanding the capacities of existing plants). To explain this phenomenon, we first provide an overview of existing theoretical and empirical studies on investments in difficult locations and divestments of foreign subsidiaries, and identify the major weaknesses of the prevailing approaches and underlying assumptions of such studies. Next, we present a detailed picture of both industrial investments and divestments in Russia from January 2015 to March 2017. Finally, we indicate how a combination of systemic and contingent factors (pressure from the host country’s government, subsidiaries’ orientation towards the host country’s markets, and the absence of potential local and international acquirers for existing Russian manufacturing facilities of Western MNCs) has created ‘cul-de-sac’ conditions for foreign-owned industrial assets in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 538-548
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1339536
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1339536
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:538-548




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sadek Boussena
Author-X-Name-First: Sadek
Author-X-Name-Last: Boussena
Author-Name: Catherine Locatelli
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Locatelli
Title: Gazprom and the complexity of the EU gas market: a strategy to define
Abstract: 
 Confronted with an increasingly competitive market in the European Union and the credible threat of a new entrant in the form of liquefied natural gas imports from the United States, Gazprom’s traditional export strategy is open to question. The company must decide whether it should launch a price war in order passively to adapt to impending competition and its role as a ‘residual supplier’ to the EU gas market, or whether it should take advantage of the current price uncertainty. This article explores the scope for long-term strategic action by Gazprom other than simply engaging in a price war. It is argued that Gazprom could forge a position as a key player in the EU gas market capable of playing the same role as Saudi Arabia does in the global oil market.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 549-564
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1349667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1349667
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:549-564




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 29
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2017.1385188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2017.1385188
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:29:y:2017:i:4:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ion Lapteacru
Author-X-Name-First: Ion
Author-X-Name-Last: Lapteacru
Title: Convergence of bank competition in Central and Eastern European countries: do foreign and domestic banks go hand in hand?
Abstract: 
 Following the massive entry of foreign banks into the Central and Eastern European (CEE) banking markets, one may wonder whether their competitive behaviour differs from that of their domestic counterparts, possibly leading to the segmentation of these markets at the regional and national levels. We find that the competitive behaviour of foreign and domestic banks differs, with foreign banks having less market power until the recent financial crisis and more market power after this financial turmoil. Despite this difference, banks tend to behave similarly, and their market power converges to a similar level. The tendency towards similar competitive behaviour is observed at the regional and national levels and for both foreign and domestic banks, although foreign institutions that enter these markets through the acquisition of domestic banks have slightly more market power. Our findings suggest the regional integration of CEE banking markets and no segmentation between foreign and domestic institutions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 588-616
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443242
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443242
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:588-616




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Janský
Author-X-Name-First: Petr
Author-X-Name-Last: Janský
Title: Estimating the revenue losses of international corporate tax avoidance: the case of the Czech Republic
Abstract: 
 International corporate tax avoidance by multinational enterprises likely lowers the Czech Republic’s corporate income tax revenue, but it is not clear by how much. To clarify this I first review existing estimates of the revenue losses of international corporate tax avoidance to government revenue worldwide. I then discuss revenue estimates relevant for the Czech Republic and develop a few new, albeit only illustrative, ones. None of the existing research focused on the Czech Republic nor did the six recent international studies I examine provide reliable estimates for the Czech Republic. The extrapolations from these studies result in a revenue loss of a quite wide range with a median of 10% of current corporate income tax revenues. The other newly prepared estimates, based on firm-level and aggregate data, are of similar magnitude. I conclude with a discussion of these rough estimates as well as questions for further research and policy recommendations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 617-635
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443243
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:617-635




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Malešević Perović
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Malešević Perović
Title: Public debts, deficits and interest rates in CEECs: are there spatial spillovers?
Abstract: 
 In this paper we extend the literature on the relationship between public debts, deficits and government bond yields in the following directions: we examine a set of 11 Central and Eastern European countries during the period 2006–2015; we apply a novel econometric technique that allows for spatial effects; and we test forward-looking instead of current values of explanatory variables thus addressing endogeneity problem. We find that there is overall a highly significant positive effect of both public debt and deficit on long-term interest rates. This effect is found to be larger in CEECs than in developed countries. Moreover, deficits are found to exert a large and significant indirect effect, and these spillovers amount to more than 50% of the overall effect.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 675-692
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443244
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443244
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:675-692




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marta Borda
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Borda
Author-Name: Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska
Author-X-Name-First: Patrycja
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska
Title: Evaluation of elderly households’ financial standing in Central and Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 The purpose of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the financial situation of elderly households in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Current demographic trends simultaneously with reforms of pension systems in the CEE region may lead to an increasing number of elderly households being exposed to poverty risk. In this study, Ward’s method and the method of standardised sums were applied to classify and order the examined countries according to the financial standing of elderly households. The obtained results allow us to identify countries with similar financial situations for elderly households in 2007, 2010 and 2013, and changes in clusters and ranking over the analysed period. The main findings show that the financial situation of the elderly in CEE countries is very differentiated and changeable, however over the analysed period the financial standing of the elderly seems to be most similar in Poland and Slovakia as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 636-651
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:636-651




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magdolna Sass
Author-X-Name-First: Magdolna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sass
Author-Name: Zoltán Gál
Author-X-Name-First: Zoltán
Author-X-Name-Last: Gál
Author-Name: Bálint Juhász
Author-X-Name-First: Bálint
Author-X-Name-Last: Juhász
Title: The impact of FDI on host countries: the analysis of selected service industries in the Visegrad countries
Abstract: 
 Foreign direct investments are substantial in the services sector in the Visegrad countries. In this article, we analyse the impact of FDI on the host economy in four selected service industries in two areas: export and employment. FDI in the four selected service industries differ in terms of their vertical or horizontal nature: in business services FDI is predominantly vertical; in financial services and telecommunications it is predominantly horizontal; while in computer-related service activities both types can be found. According to our results, the impact on the host economy differs in the four service industries. We found a positive and significant impact on exports in vertical business services and in horizontal telecommunications services, and on employment in business services and, to a lesser extent, in financial services. The positive impact either diminished or disappeared during the global recession of 2008–2009. The comparison of the four Visegrad countries demonstrates the heterogeneous intensity and significance of this impact, indicating their different specialisations in the analysed services industries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 652-674
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1445332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1445332
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:652-674




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ngô Vi Dũng
Author-X-Name-First: Ngô
Author-X-Name-Last: Vi Dũng
Author-Name: Đào Thị BíchThủy
Author-X-Name-First: Đào Thị
Author-X-Name-Last: BíchThủy
Author-Name: Nguyễn NgọcThắng
Author-X-Name-First: Nguyễn
Author-X-Name-Last: NgọcThắng
Title: Economic and non-economic determinants of FDI inflows in Vietnam: a sub-national analysisPost-Communist Economies
Abstract: 
 This article focuses on identifying the factors that determine FDI inflows at the sub-national level (i.e. provinces/cities) in Vietnam. Based on a longitudinal dataset for the period 2008–2013 of 63 provinces/cities, we examine the impact on FDI of conventional factors (market size, human resources and infrastructures) as well as emerging factors (institutions and policies, domestic and foreign agglomeration) that are suggested by theories in economics and international business. Statistical results show that market size, infrastructure, labour quality, institutions and policies, and agglomeration are major determinants of FDI inflows at the sub-national level in Vietnam. Implications for policy makers and future research are also discussed.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 693-712
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1458458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1458458
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:693-712




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Author-Name: Christel Elvestad
Author-X-Name-First: Christel
Author-X-Name-Last: Elvestad
Title: Russia’s food self-sufficiency and food security: an assessment
Abstract: 
 The article differentiates between self-sufficiency and food security. The impact of Russia’s 2014 food embargo on the food system and food trade is analysed. Domestic production has increased and Russia has become more self-sufficient in food and seafood. In addition, food trading partners have changed. Western food and seafood trading partners have been replaced by trading partners from Asia and Central Asia. There is a high likelihood that the Russian food market has been lost to Western exporters for the foreseeable future. Even after sanctions and countersanctions end, it is difficult to see the pathway for Western food exporters to recapture market share in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 565-587
Issue: 5
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1470854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1470854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:5:p:565-587




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Broz
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja
Author-X-Name-Last: Broz
Author-Name: Tajana Barbić
Author-X-Name-First: Tajana
Author-X-Name-Last: Barbić
Author-Name: Petra Palić
Author-X-Name-First: Petra
Author-X-Name-Last: Palić
Title: Developing a financial conditions index for a post-transition country: the case of Croatia
Abstract: 
 The interconnection between financial and business cycles and the importance of surveillance over financial markets emphasise the need for the development of indicators that could trace financial conditions in a country. In this paper, we focus on developing a financial conditions index for a post-transition country – Croatia. Since financial conditions indices for post-transition markets differ from those for developed markets due to differences in the development of their financial systems and the availability of data, we show that financial conditions indices constructed for post-transition markets need to be tailored to the specifics of such markets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 549-564
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442035
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442035
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:549-564




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Drahokoupil
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Drahokoupil
Author-Name: Agnieszka Piasna
Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka
Author-X-Name-Last: Piasna
Title: What is behind low wages in central and eastern Europe?
Abstract: 
 This paper compares wages across Europe in relation to the characteristics of workers and firms, with a particular focus on wage levels in central and eastern European countries. Worker and workplace endowments can be taken as a proxy for labour productivity. We estimate the extent to which wage differences observed at an aggregate level can be related to the different compositions of workforces and workplaces, as well as the types of jobs conducted in separate countries. We also decompose the observed differences in returns on endowments by identifying the sectors and occupational categories that contribute most to the wage gaps observed at the aggregate level. The wage gaps in low-wage countries actually appear larger once differences in worker, work and workplace characteristics are controlled for. In contrast, the differences in wages between high-wage countries diminish when we control for these endowments. The wage gap between East and West thus seems to be explained by a much lower return on skills and other characteristics rather than by differences in the composition of workforces and firms. Sectoral and occupational analysis suggests that central and eastern European countries have developed a generalised low-cost and low-wage model, with relative returns particularly low on higher skills. There is much less wage disparity across European countries in more labour intensive and lower-paid services sectors, such as accommodation and food service activities. The magnitude of the wage gap seems to be driven by the relative position of sectors and occupations in high-wage countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 421-439
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442037
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442037
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:421-439




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Colin C. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Colin C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Author-Name: Adrian V. Horodnic
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Horodnic
Title: Explaining informal payments for health services in Central and Eastern Europe: an institutional asymmetry perspective
Abstract: 
 The aim of this paper is to propose and evaluate a new institutional theory explanation for patients making informal payments for health services in Central and Eastern Europe. This views informal payments by patients to healthcare professionals as arising when formal institutional failures lead to an asymmetry between the laws and regulations of formal institutions and the unwritten rules of informal institutions. Reporting a 2013 Eurobarometer survey of the prevalence of informal payments by patients in Central and Eastern European countries, a strong association is revealed between the level of asymmetry between the formal and informal institutions, and the propensity to make informal payments. The association between informal payments and various formal institutional imperfections is then explored to evaluate which structural conditions might reduce this institutional asymmetry, and thus the propensity to make informal payments. The paper concludes by exploring the implications for tackling such informal practices.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 440-458
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442051
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442051
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:440-458




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomislav Globan
Author-X-Name-First: Tomislav
Author-X-Name-Last: Globan
Title: Financial supply cycles in post-transition Europe – introducing a composite index for financial supply
Abstract: 
 This paper introduces a new composite index – the financial supply index (FSI) – measuring the level of supply of foreign capital to small open economies. FSI is estimated on a sample of 11 EU new member states (NMS) applying Kalman filtering, principal components and variance-equal weights. Results indicated that the main drivers of financial supply to NMS are externally determined, with economic sentiment and business climate in the Eurozone carrying the highest weight. FSI proved to have a good predictive power for debt inflow dynamics. In addition, we create a new indicator – the Refinancing Risk Ratio, which relates the supply and demand for foreign capital – to quantify the external refinancing conditions and risk faced by the government. We distinguish between two recent episodes of high refinancing risk – one during the global crisis, and the other during the European sovereign debt crisis – but the episodes significantly differ in nature.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 482-505
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442053
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:482-505




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roman Vakulchuk
Author-X-Name-First: Roman
Author-X-Name-Last: Vakulchuk
Author-Name: Alexander Knobel
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Knobel
Title: Impact of non-tariff barriers on trade within the Eurasian Economic Union
Abstract: 
 How great is the impact of non-tariff barriers on trade in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and how much will internal trade grow if they are eliminated? The Treaty on the EAEU declares removal of non-tariff barriers as a common goal. This article estimates the impact of non-tariff barriers on trade in goods in the EAEU based on 2010–2015 trade data. The empirical approach draws on the Haveman and Thursby disaggregated model. The estimates show that various trade-growth effects can be observed in different trade groups if non-tariff barriers are reduced or fully eliminated. Agriculture and the food industry have the highest growth potential: around 40% growth with a 50% reduction of barriers. The highest growth potential is found for trade between Belarus and Kazakhstan. The most significant effects are observed for member-states that are small in terms of the size of the economy and for which the internal trade share is large.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 459-481
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442054
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442054
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:459-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Małgorzata Skibińska
Author-X-Name-First: Małgorzata
Author-X-Name-Last: Skibińska
Title: Transmission of monetary policy and exchange rate shocks under foreign currency lending
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the differences in reaction of domestic and foreign currency lending to monetary and exchange rate shocks, using a panel VAR model estimated for the three biggest Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary). Our results point toward a drop in domestic currency loans and an increase of foreign currency credit in reaction to monetary policy tightening in Poland and Hungary, suggesting that the presence of foreign currency debt weakens the transmission of monetary policy. A currency depreciation shock leads to an initial decline in foreign currency lending, but also in loans denominated in domestic currency as central banks react to a weaker exchange rate by increasing the interest rates. However, after several quarters, credit in foreign currency accelerates, indicating that borrowers start using it to substitute for depressed domestic currency lending.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 506-525
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1442058
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442058
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:506-525




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katarina Bačić
Author-X-Name-First: Katarina
Author-X-Name-Last: Bačić
Author-Name: Ivana Rašić Bakarić
Author-X-Name-First: Ivana
Author-X-Name-Last: Rašić Bakarić
Author-Name: Sunčana Slijepčević
Author-X-Name-First: Sunčana
Author-X-Name-Last: Slijepčević
Title: Sources of productivity differentials in manufacturing in post-transition urban South-East Europe
Abstract: 
 The paper analyses the effects of urbanization and localisation economies on manufacturing firms’ productivity across urban landscapes in post-transition South-East European (SEE) countries. Fixed-effects panel data estimations on a large sample of firms show that the factors accounting for productivity advantages of manufacturing firms in urban post-transition SEE are related to the firms and to the environment in which these firms operate. Firms located in diversified cities benefit from a productivity premium generated in this type of agglomeration, while no evidence was found that the relative specialization across industries has any effect on firm productivity levels.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 526-548
Issue: 4
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443249
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:4:p:526-548




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Małgorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
Author-X-Name-First: Małgorzata
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwanicz-Drozdowska
Author-Name: Paola Bongini
Author-X-Name-First: Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: Bongini
Author-Name: Paweł Smaga
Author-X-Name-First: Paweł
Author-X-Name-Last: Smaga
Author-Name: Bartosz Witkowski
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Witkowski
Title: The role of banks in CESEE countries: exploring non-standard determinants of economic growth
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the finance–growth nexus in 14 countries from Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe (CESEE) over the 1995–2015 period. It investigates whether including two ‘non-standard’ variables, i.e. a credit cycle dummy and foreign bank relevance, deepens our understanding of the role of a typical financial determinant of economic growth, i.e. bank credit. We find evidence of a negative impact of bank credit on economic growth and the significance of cyclical fluctuations of bank credit. In contrast, a higher market share of loans granted by foreign-owned banks in a cyclical upswing and stock market capitalisation are found to have a proactive effect on growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 349-382
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1505694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1505694
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:349-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ružica Šimić Banović
Author-X-Name-First: Ružica
Author-X-Name-Last: Šimić Banović
Title: Uhljeb – a post-socialist homo croaticus: a personification of the economy of favours in Croatia?
Abstract: 
 Party patronage combined with a collectivist culture appears to present a very resistant socialist legacy in Croatia. In-group favouritism and an overly bureaucratised system provide a fertile soil for uhljebs. An uhljeb is a public sector employee whose main ‘competence’ is membership of a political party or a nepotistic relationship. They now already count in the thousands, and often contribute to the further multiplication of uhljebs, and to an increase in clientelist arrangements. The practice of employing uhljebs both undermines and underpins the existing system. That ambivalence is one of the characteristics of the Russian sistema, and that is one of the important links to compare blat users and uhljebs, in addition to the practice of ‘pulling strings’. As key protagonists, uhljebs and blat users illustrate their own and society’s modus operandi: an intense ‘economy of favours’. Recent studies increasingly show that cultural variables influence economic outcomes and this article presents an extension of the ‘economy of favours’ into Croatia’s paradigm. Based on primary sources and international benchmarks, it provides a comparison of the cultural contexts of Eastern and Western European countries, and portrays a rising informal practice that, despite its omnipresence, has been under-researched in the academic literature.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 279-300
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537708
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:279-300




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gayane Barseghyan
Author-X-Name-First: Gayane
Author-X-Name-Last: Barseghyan
Author-Name: Vardan Baghdasaryan
Author-X-Name-First: Vardan
Author-X-Name-Last: Baghdasaryan
Title: Optimum currency area theory: evidence from post-Soviet countries and implications for Eurasian Economic Union
Abstract: 
 In this article the theory of optimum currency area is applied to post-Soviet and other selected countries. The study finds smaller exchange rate variability when the economies are closely linked by bilateral trade, are subject to similar shocks both on aggregate and at the industry level, have similar inflation rates, are open and smaller in economic size, and have higher labour migration as proxied by remittance flows. The estimation results also substantiate that the US dollar plays a dominant role as an anchor currency. Next, the study shows that economic fundamentals suggest limited prospects of a common currency for post-Soviet countries, particularly for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It is also found that Moldova, among the post-Soviet countries, better approximates an optimum currency area with Russia. Further, when the government debt-to-GDP ratio is taken into account, only Kazakhstan from the EAEU member countries stands out as having positive prospects for forming a common currency area with Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 301-324
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:301-324




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dmitri Blueschke
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitri
Author-X-Name-Last: Blueschke
Author-Name: Klaus Weyerstrass
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus
Author-X-Name-Last: Weyerstrass
Author-Name: Reinhard Neck
Author-X-Name-First: Reinhard
Author-X-Name-Last: Neck
Author-Name: Boris Majcen
Author-X-Name-First: Boris
Author-X-Name-Last: Majcen
Author-Name: Andrej Srakar
Author-X-Name-First: Andrej
Author-X-Name-Last: Srakar
Author-Name: Miroslav Verbič
Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbič
Title: Budget consolidation in a small open economy: a case study for Slovenia
Abstract: 
 In this article, we use the macroeconometric model SLOPOL10 to calculate simulations of the development of the Slovenian economy until 2030. Starting from the present favourable prospects of the European economies, the forecast is very optimistic but it can nevertheless be improved by optimal fiscal policies as calculated using the OPTCON2 algorithm. If a negative shock to world trade of a size comparable to the Great Recession occurs, it will entail a decline in GDP and a slow recovery. In this case, optimal fiscal policies should not act in an expansionary way as the effectiveness of fiscal policy with respect to output and employment is rather limited in a small open economy like Slovenia. Instead, the goal of budget consolidation will call for a more restrictive fiscal policy, at least if the shock is temporary.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 325-348
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537735
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537735
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:325-348




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrey Makarov
Author-X-Name-First: Andrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Makarov
Title: Anti-competitive agreements in Russian courts (2008–2012): antitrust law implementation and interpretation
Abstract: 
 This article analyses antitrust enforcement practice in Russian courts in the area of competition-restricting agreements. The analysis is based on the court decision database of litigations with the Russian competition authority (the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS)). In the database litigations that officially started in the period 2008–2012 were included. Final court decisions were evaluated, taking into account litigation duration (sometimes up to 3 years). The database contains 400 cases, including 236 horizontal agreements and 164 other agreements (mostly vertical agreements). Based on the evidence of this database, important features and problems of the interpretation and implementation of competition law in Russia and priority areas of enforcement were identified. Antitrust policy was analysed taking into account the risks of type 1 and type 2 errors, including the problem of flexibility of prohibitions (per se vs Rule of reason (ROR) approaches), standards of proof and the problem of consistency of enforcement.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 383-395
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:383-395




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muzaffarjon Ahunov
Author-X-Name-First: Muzaffarjon
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahunov
Author-Name: Leo Van Hove
Author-X-Name-First: Leo
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Hove
Author-Name: Marc Jegers
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Jegers
Title: The impact of cross-border acquisitions on target banks’ performance in an institutionally poor environment: Ukraine’s takeover wave
Abstract: 
 We investigate the impact of the 2005–2007 cross-border bank takeovers in Ukraine – a country with poor institutional quality – on the performance of the target banks. Because acquirers targeted mainly larger, less-capitalised banks, we control for selection bias by combining propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference methodology. We find that the cost efficiency of the acquired banks improved after takeover (because of a decreased reliance on deposits), but that neither their profitability nor their loan market shares increased. Overall, our findings tally only piecemeal with the existing multi-country studies for transition economies. This argues in favour of additional single-country research.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 396-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 31
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1537739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1537739
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:31:y:2019:i:3:p:396-417




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haishu Qiao
Author-X-Name-First: Haishu
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiao
Author-Name: Ying Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ying
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Julien Chevallier
Author-X-Name-First: Julien
Author-X-Name-Last: Chevallier
Author-Name: Bangzhu Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Bangzhu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: Capital–energy substitution in China: regional differences and dynamic evolution
Abstract: 
 This article estimates the capital–energy Allen elasticities of substitution in China’s 28 provinces over the period 1995–2011. The central finding is that the capital–energy substitution elasticity in each province exhibits significant heterogeneity. The article empirically analyses the sources of the differences in the capital–energy substitution elasticity. The embodied technical change and market distortions are found to have significant effects on the degree of substitution elasticity. Further factor market reforms, liberalisation and cooperation would improve the elasticity of capital–energy substitution.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 421-435
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1223008
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1223008
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:4:p:421-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Aristei
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Aristei
Author-Name: Cristiano Perugini
Author-X-Name-First: Cristiano
Author-X-Name-Last: Perugini
Title: Inequality aversion in post-communist countries in the years of the crisis
Abstract: 
 This article provides estimates for the parameters of inequality aversion for 10 post-communist economies of central and eastern Europe in the years of the crisis. To this aim, we employ the information on the level of tax progressivity available in the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions cross-sectional microdata, under the assumption that the principle of equal sacrifice drives the choices of governments on marginal tax rates. Results reveal a remarkable variety of preferences for redistribution across the countries during the time period considered (2008–2012), with some of them converging towards the generally higher inequality aversion levels of the western European Union, perhaps as a result of policy responses to the crisis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 436-448
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1224053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1224053
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:4:p:436-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Fry
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Fry
Author-Name: Bernard Mees
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard
Author-X-Name-Last: Mees
Title: Industrial relations in Asian socialist-transition economies: China, Vietnam and Laos
Abstract: 
 This article compares developments in industrial relations in three Asian socialist-transition countries: China, Vietnam and Laos. Previous comparative studies of China and Vietnam have identified major commonalities between these two labour regimes both before and after the economic reforms undertaken since the 1980s. Some studies have also identified key differences between the two, to the extent that it is said that the two labour regimes are ‘on the road to divergence’. Others have suggested that the reform paths undertaken by China and Vietnam are fundamentally similar. This article argues that Laos shares many of the similarities of China and Vietnam, but that to the extent that China and Vietnam are taking different paths Laos is tending to follow the more conservative Chinese path with some unique characteristics of its own.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 449-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1225450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1225450
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zsóka Kóczán
Author-X-Name-First: Zsóka
Author-X-Name-Last: Kóczán
Title: Fiscal policy, business cycles and discretion: evidence from the Western Balkans
Abstract: 
 While previous research has examined the macroeconomic performance of the New Member States during the boom–bust cycle of the 2000s, very little has been written on the experience of the Western Balkans. In this article we investigate the responsiveness of fiscal policy to business cycles in the Western Balkans, examining whether expenditure moved counter-cyclically and whether a larger proportion of expenditure was ‘discretionary’; that is, related to the political cycle rather than economic conditions. Our results suggest that fiscal policy did not move counter-cyclically in the Western Balkans. Instead, countries overspent in the boom years and then reduced spending as a result of financing constraints during the crisis. Furthermore, the discretionary component of fiscal policy, defined here as spending unexplained by inertia and economic conditions, appears to be somewhat larger in the Western Balkans than in the European Union. This has important policy implications that affect the effectiveness of fiscal policy in dampening economic fluctuations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 468-486
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1225457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1225457
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:4:p:468-486




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piotr Ciżkowicz
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciżkowicz
Author-Name: Michał Kowalczuk
Author-X-Name-First: Michał
Author-X-Name-Last: Kowalczuk
Author-Name: Andrzej Rzońca
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej
Author-X-Name-Last: Rzońca
Title: Heterogeneous determinants of local unemployment in Poland
Abstract: 
 We identify determinants of large disparities in local unemployment rates across Poland. Using an extensive panel data-set on the NUTS-4 level (i.e. the poviats level, or districts or counties level) we examine a wide range of determinants of local unemployment. Our research examines two groups of the determinants: one related to equilibrium theory and the other related to disequilibrium theory of local unemployment. We find that demographics, education and sectoral employment composition exert a stronger impact over rates of local unemployment than various demand factors. The impact of the determinants, while robust for outliers, is not homogeneous across Polish regions. In particular, in the most depressed local labour markets, skill improvement programmes do not appear to work and unemployment rates are relatively less responsive to investment. Our research suggests that there is no easy cure for local unemployment in Poland, but a few policies have the potential to slightly reduce existing disparities.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 487-519
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1226784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1226784
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:28:y:2016:i:4:p:487-519




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trond-Arne Borgersen
Author-X-Name-First: Trond-Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Borgersen
Author-Name: Roswitha M. King
Author-X-Name-First: Roswitha M.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Industrial structure and jobless growth in transition economies
Abstract: 
 When does employment growth mirror aggregate growth? Applying a two sector model, where productivity growth differs across sectors of production, this article is concerned with a feature characterising a number of transition economies: a divergence between production and employment growth. In our framework the industrial structure that allows employment growth to mirror output growth is endogenous, and related to a number of industry- and economy-wide characteristics. The article shows how the critical industrial structure necessary for avoiding ‘jobless growth’ is context-specific, questioning a ‘one size fits all’ policy approach when aiming to fulfil the Europe 2020 Strategy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 520-536
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1237037
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1237037
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Arčabić
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Arčabić
Title: Technology, employment and the business cycle in post-transition countries of the EU
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the importance of technology and non-technology shocks in the business cycles of European Union post-transition countries. Different assumptions of New Keynesian and Real Business Cycle theory are tested. The results demonstrate that a non-technology shock is more important in explaining business cycles in post-transition countries, although a technology shock is not trivial. The technology shock cannot replicate basic business cycle facts observed in the data: it produces a low or negative correlation between employment and GDP, and a strong negative correlation between labour productivity and employment. Technology and non-technology GDP components are analysed in the transition and post-transition period. The results show a non-technology shock was the dominant source of business cycles both during and after the transition period.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 537-560
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1237337
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1237337
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 28
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1257095
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2016.1257095
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grzegorz W. Kolodko
Author-X-Name-First: Grzegorz W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolodko
Title: Economics and politics of post-communist transition to market and democracy. The lessons from Polish experience
Abstract: 
 After the market-oriented reforms executed in Poland under the socialist system in the 1980s and the critical years of the early 1990s, a multilayered programme of dynamic socio-economic development, embedded in the building of social market economy institutions and structural reforms responding to the challenges of globalisation, arose in 1993–94. ‘Strategy for Poland’ was a medium-term programme, although also delineating many tasks for the long-run. The contemporary diagnosis of the conditions of sustainable development and the outlining of its long-term goals was basically correct and much of what a quarter of a century ago was addressed to structural reforms and institutional changes is still valid today. This applies in particular to matters as large as the imperative of creating a social market economy or the competitiveness of enterprises in conditions of wide openness to contacts with the world, through matters as significant as beneficial integration with the European Union or reform of the social security system, to matters as specific as efficient financial supervision or the expansion of an economy based on knowledge. Critical for further sustainable and balanced development is relying economic policies on proper economic theory and to this end, new pragmatism can bring some new thoughts.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 285-305
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1694604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1694604
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gaygysyz Ashyrov
Author-X-Name-First: Gaygysyz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashyrov
Author-Name: Jaan Masso
Author-X-Name-First: Jaan
Author-X-Name-Last: Masso
Title: Does corruption affect local and foreign-owned companies differently? Evidence from the BEEPS survey
Abstract: 
 Until recently, studies have not reached any general agreement on how a corrupt environment influences foreign investments. Furthermore, far too little attention has so far been paid to how corruption relates to the performance of foreign and domestically owned firms. This paper exploits cross-sectional firm-level data from the fifth round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS V) for the purpose of investigating how bribery is associated with FDI and firm performance. By using various econometric estimation strategies, we find that foreign owned firms tend to pay larger bribes compared to domestically owned firms, while the negative size of bribe expenses on firm productivity is larger for foreign owned firms than domestically owned firms in highly corrupt countries. This study suggests that developing countries should fight against informal payments in bureaucracy to create corruption free environments, so that multinationals are incentivized to invest in their countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 306-329
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640989
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640989
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:306-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lubica Stiblarova
Author-X-Name-First: Lubica
Author-X-Name-Last: Stiblarova
Author-Name: Marianna Sinicakova
Author-X-Name-First: Marianna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinicakova
Title: Two sides of the same union? Reviving the Optimum Currency Areas theory from the business cycle synchronisation perspective
Abstract: 
 Unlike formally determined Maastricht convergence criteria for monetary union membership in Europe, we investigate the preparedness of the Central and Eastern European countries, using the business cycle synchronisation criterion primarily proposed by the Optimum Currency Areas theory. Applying the classical business cycle approach, we estimate the business cycles and measure their synchronisation with reference economies, with emphasis on their timing during the recent global crisis. In spite of identified medium-to-high level of synchronisation, our results reveal differences in the duration of business cycle phases, depth and timing compared to the euro area aggregate/Germany and the United States. These differences are associated with the character of small open economies and the country-specific economic (fiscal) policies of these former socialist countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 330-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1644589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1644589
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:330-351




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tihana Škrinjarić
Author-X-Name-First: Tihana
Author-X-Name-Last: Škrinjarić
Title: Stock market stability on selected CEE and SEE markets: a quantile regression approach
Abstract: 
 Financial market stability has been a hot topic in the last decade due to its importance for both policymakers and international investors. However, formal testing of this phenomenon and its consequences is still insufficient. This is especially true for the Central and Eastern European (CEE), as well as South and Eastern European (SEE) markets, which are the focus of this research. The results of this research indicate that Serbian, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovenian, Romanian and Ukrainian stock markets respond more to the systematic shocks in the SEE index compared to CEE. The opposite is true for the Czech and Polish markets. Since the stability was confirmed for the Bosnian, Bulgarian and Slovenian markets for the SEE regional index and for the Bulgarian, Slovenian and Slovak markets for the CEE regional index; these results could be exploited by policymakers in a way that they should focus more on the country-specific shocks and how to deal with specific problems within the country itself when they occur.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 352-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640994
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Drini Imami
Author-X-Name-First: Drini
Author-X-Name-Last: Imami
Author-Name: Endrit Lami
Author-X-Name-First: Endrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Lami
Author-Name: Edvin Zhllima
Author-X-Name-First: Edvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhllima
Author-Name: Muje Gjonbalaj
Author-X-Name-First: Muje
Author-X-Name-Last: Gjonbalaj
Author-Name: Geoffrey Pugh
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Pugh
Title: Closer to election, more light: electricity supply and elections in a postconflict transition economy
Abstract: 
 In our paper, we analyse the supply of electricity in conjunction with elections in Kosovo. The results confirm our hypotheses that before scheduled (regular) parliamentary elections, the supply of electricity increases significantly above usual levels, but that this is not the case for early (snap) elections. This paper contributes to the Political Business Cycle (PBC) literature in two ways. It provides additional evidence of incumbent manipulation of non-classical policy instruments before elections. The paper contributes also to the PBC debate by revealing different incumbent strategies in scheduled and early elections, respectively, thus highlighting the importance of distinguishing between these types of elections in PBC research.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 376-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:376-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trond-Arne Borgersen
Author-X-Name-First: Trond-Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Borgersen
Author-Name: Roswitha M. King
Author-X-Name-First: Roswitha M.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Is the transition process neutral to the employment–output ratio? Or does ‘jobless growth’ come naturally? The case when allocative and technological effects interact
Abstract: 
 This paper applies a two-sector model to demonstrate how industrial structure and sectoral factor intensity matter for a feature characterising a number of transition economies: A divergence between production- and employment growth that has come to be known as ‘jobless growth’. We first show that a combination of conditions regarding industrial structure and sectoral factor intensity must be fulfiled for employment growth to mirror aggregate growth. Second, we introduce a fundamental driver of both industrial structure and factor intensity: the productivity growth gap between sectors of production. We show how changes in the productivity growth gap affect industrial structure as well as factor intensity. These changes are passed through to employment growth in a different way than to aggregate economic growth – hence the divergence between these two growth measures and the phenomenon of jobless growth. The paper shows how the structural changes inherent in the transition process are not neutral to the employment–output ratio.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 391-408
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678102
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678102
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:391-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruohan Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Ruohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Aisha Meeks
Author-X-Name-First: Aisha
Author-X-Name-Last: Meeks
Title: How does bribery affect a firm’s future growth? Empirical evidence from transition economies
Abstract: 
 Although economists have long studied the impact of bribery on firms’ development, the debate continues as to whether bribery ‘greases’ or ‘sands’ the growth of businesses. For this investigation, we acquired data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank; this panel data include firm-level information, every three years from 2002 to 2008, in transition economies in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Then, we estimated the longitudinal impact of bribery upon firms’ development over a period of time. We found that bribing firms were more likely to bribe again three years later. In addition, we found that bribery could increase a firm’s output and employment growth significantly, while simultaneously deterring that firms’ labour productivity and innovation. After grouping the countries based on their income level, we found that significant positive impacts of bribery on output and employment only exist in developed countries, while its negative impacts on productivity and innovation are consistent in all types of countries. Interestingly, bribery can only significantly decrease a firm’s time spent on waiting for resource connections in developed countries. When we extended our time horizon from three to six years, the significant longitudinal impacts of bribery no longer lingered.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 409-427
Issue: 3
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640985
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:409-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Abbas
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas
Author-Name: C. Locatelli
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Locatelli
Title: National institutional systems’ hybridisation through interdependence. The case of EU-Russia gas relations
Abstract: 
 The interdependencies between the EU and its external natural gas suppliers and Russia question the transformative impact of interdependence linked to hybridisation processes. Our approach combines theories of institutional change and French Regulation Theory. These approaches lead to a new look to characterise the way in which the confrontation of two regulatory systems (European Union [EU] and Russia) is resolved today. The importance of the European market leads however to an adaptation of the Russian governance model for gas exchanges. But it also implies a transformation of the European model. The competitive norm acts as a lever to bring about hybridisation of regulations in the Russian gas sector and EU energy policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 429-446
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1640991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640991
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:429-446




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoshisada Shida
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshisada
Author-X-Name-Last: Shida
Title: Russian business under economic sanctions: is there evidence of regional heterogeneity?
Abstract: 
 Sanctions against Russia, beginning in early 2014, provide us with a unique opportunity to study whether, and how, sanctions affect a territorially-vast global power. This study empirically examines the economic impact of these sanctions, paying particular attention to the existence or nonexistence of its regional heterogeneity. For these purposes, this study utilises survey data that asked the executive managers of Russian regional companies to assess the impact of sanctions on their management activities in late 2015. There are several key findings. First, approximately half of those interviewed perceived the economic sanctions as having a negative impact. Second, no regional variation in the impact of the sanctions could be found. It follows that financial sanctions, aimed at an entire nation, exert a significant and geographically uniform impact. Moreover, even regional businesses near the Asia-Pacific region, holding strong connections with Asian countries, were unable to avoid the impact of sanctions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 447-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1659567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1659567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:447-467




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marjan Petreski
Author-X-Name-First: Marjan
Author-X-Name-Last: Petreski
Title: Winners or losers? Workers in transition economies under globalisation
Abstract: 
 The objective of this study is to investigate if workers in transition economies have been winners or losers of globalisation. We base our key argument on the postulates of the Heckscher–Ohlin model, whereby countries benefit from the production and export of the good produced with the abundant factor of production. We analyse the period 1996–2016 in 25 transition economies of Central, Southeast Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Globalisation is represented through the manufacturing export and FDI in GDP and is argued to be endogenous, at least partially, to workers’ conditions. Political stability and rule of law are used as exclusion restrictions. We rely on the conditional mixed process procedure to estimate the coefficients. Results suggest that workers in Central European transition economies are the winners of globalisation as it created mainly high-skill and well-paid jobs. Workers in the Commonwealth of Independent States are the losers of globalisation which likely happened through reducing wages, offering inadequate working conditions and dampening marketplace bargaining power. Finally, workers in Southeast Europe stand in the middle: they are winners as globalisation created expanded economic opportunities for them, but losers in the sense of workplace structure and wages.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 468-494
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678096
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678096
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:468-494




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Title: Informality, informal institutions, and uneven land reform in China
Abstract: 
 The concept of informal institutions is broadened in this paper to refer to a mode of institutions that is ambiguous, temporary or uncodified. More importantly, it can be a state product to further state interests because it can be (1) a form of experiment of institutional innovation; (2) associated with preference for ex post bargaining; and (3) an instrument for state power. Uneven land reform in China is studied to analyse the different roles of informal institutions in the economic reform. It is found that, first, urban land reform proceeds in a more formal way; and second, informal institutions are employed in urban land reform as transitional institutions towards more efficient formal institutions while they are employed in rural land reform as an instrument to sustain state legitimacy and power. Two conditions for the above differences are identified: (1) Rural governance, collective landownership and agricultural production were fully integrated in the planned economy. Privatisation that would dismantle old institutions of rural governance and build new ones causes concerns about state legitimacy and authority. (2) Rural society is more organised by the clan system than urban society and, hence, ex post bargaining is more likely to be preferred in the countryside than in the city.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 495-510
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678103
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678103
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:495-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleksandar Vasilev
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev
Title: An RBC model with investment-specific technological change: lessons for Bulgaria (1999–2018)
Abstract: 
 We introduce investment-specific technological change (ISTC) into an otherwise standard real-business-cycle setup with a government sector. We calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999–2018). We then investigate the quantitative importance of the ISTC process in such a model for cyclical fluctuations in Bulgaria, and compare the results to a setup where cycles are driven by shocks to total factor productivity. We find that the model with ISTC shocks matches Bulgarian data better than the standard model driven by changes to total factor productivity only. The ISTC process is thus a better candidate for a a ”technology shock generation process,” at least in Bulgaria since the 2000s.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 511-524
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678340
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678340
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:511-524




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mubinzhon Abduvaliev
Author-X-Name-First: Mubinzhon
Author-X-Name-Last: Abduvaliev
Author-Name: Ricardo Bustillo
Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bustillo
Title: Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction amongst CIS countries
Abstract: 
 The main goal of this paper is to assess the effect of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction amongst the post-Soviet states, compared with other external sources of capital, such as foreign aid and foreign direct investment. In this paper we use a panel data set on economic growth and poverty estimates (poverty headcount, poverty gap and poverty severity) in 10 selected former post-Soviet republics i.e. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). We found that, on average, a 1% increase in remittance flows provokes around a 0.25% rise in per capita GDP and a 2% decline in poverty severity. Remittances seem to have produced a significant reduction on poverty through increasing income and smoothing consumption levels.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 525-546
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:4:p:525-546




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michał Brzozowski
Author-X-Name-First: Michał
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzozowski
Author-Name: Joanna Siwińska-Gorzelak
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Siwińska-Gorzelak
Title: Sovereign and private claims in the hands of foreign banks – are they substitutes? The case of CEE countries
Abstract: 
 The aim of this paper is to verify the impact of sovereign indebtedness on banking capital inflows in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Using bilateral data on cross-border banking capital flows to 17 emerging CEE countries from 15 advanced economies in the 2005–2016 period and the System GMM estimation method we found that foreign banks’ claims on the public sector reduced claims on the private sector, banks, and non-bank financial institutions. Therefore, the main conclusion stemming from our research is that the effect of public debt on the private sector’s access to foreign credit is not limited to the impact of the overall level of sovereign debt; the access to foreign credit for the private sector is also affected directly by the public sector’s activity on the market for foreign credit, as measured by the claims on the public sector held by foreign banks.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 547-560
Issue: 4
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678095
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678095
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nebojša Stojčić
Author-X-Name-First: Nebojša
Author-X-Name-Last: Stojčić
Author-Name: Zoran Aralica
Author-X-Name-First: Zoran
Author-X-Name-Last: Aralica
Title: (De)industrialisation and lessons for industrial policy in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 Over the past two and a half decades, the economic landscape of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) has considerably changed. The demise of traditional industries and the rise of the service sector during the 1990s inclined economic structure towards deindustrialisation. In years that followed, new industries emerged in many of these countries and brought them back on the route of reindustrialisation. Across countries, this process developed at an uneven pace. The recent rise of awareness about the importance of industrial development for the well-being of nations makes it relevant to investigate the sources behind changes in the economic structure of CEECs. Our findings reveal that reindustrialisation takes place at an uneven pace. No support was found for horizontal economy-wide industrial policies advocated within new classical economics. Strong impulse to reindustrialisation comes through improvements in export sophistication. Such findings are in line with those on the position of CEECs in global value chains.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 713-734
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443251
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443251
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qi Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Qi
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Shengjun Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Shengjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Canfei He
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Title: Industry relatedness and new firm survival in China: do regional institutions and firm heterogeneity matter?
Abstract: 
 Recent studies in evolutionary economic geography (EEG) highlight the key role of industry relatedness and cognitive proximity in boosting firm performance using data from developed countries. This paper explores the effect of industry relatedness on new firm survival in China by using a firm-level dataset for the 1999–2008 period. Based on survival models, it contributes to the ongoing debate by pointing out that new firms that are highly related to local industries have a lower failure rate, and the effect of industry relatedness is inflected by regional institutions and firm attributes. Industry relatedness occurs more effectively in the market-oriented regions but less effectively in regions with strong economic and political incentives of local governments.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 735-754
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443253
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443253
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:6:p:735-754




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia S. P. Loe
Author-X-Name-First: Julia S. P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Loe
Title: Lead, now, go! (LNG): the Shtokman field and Gazprom’s challenging partnership with Total and Statoil
Abstract: 
 In the early 2000s, developing liquefied natural gas (LNG) was declared a priority by the Russian state-controlled energy company Gazprom. As Gazprom had limited experience of LNG production, a logical solution was to establish partnerships with foreign companies. Despite ambitious goals, no major Gazprom-led LNG projects have emerged so far. While this can mainly be explained by market fall-out, scholars have also pointed to weaknesses in Gazprom’s approach to foreign partners. This article analyses the partnership dynamics between Gazprom, Total, and Statoil in Russia’s most ambitious LNG production project, the Shtokman field in the Barents Sea. The three companies established a partnership to develop the field in 2008, but only four years later the project was shelved. In addition to objective parameters, this paper finds that some of the challenges to the partnership resulted from differing norms, ideas, and world-views. These difficulties might, however, have been overcome had the field been commercially viable.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 755-774
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1443254
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1443254
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:6:p:755-774




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinxin Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Xinxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Ownership sector segmentation and the gender wage gap in urban China during the 2000s
Abstract: 
 This study explores the influence of market segmentation by type of firm ownership on the gender wage gap in urban China from 2002 to 2013. Data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey (CHIP2002 and CHIP2013) were used with a decomposition analysis based on the Brown et al. model. It is found that although both inter-sector differentials and intra-sector differentials affect the gender wage gap, the effect of intra-sector differentials was greater, and the influence of intra-sector differentials was greater for 2013 than for 2002. The influence of unexplained components of intra-sector differentials was greater than the explained components, and it was greater for 2013 than for 2002. The results indicate that the problem of discrimination against female workers in a given ownership sector is becoming more serious and was the main factor causing the gender wage gap expansion in urban China from 2002 to 2013.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 775-804
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1458476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1458476
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:6:p:775-804




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Title: What guides Central and Eastern European stock markets? A view from detrended methodologies
Abstract: 
 The geopolitical and economic landscape of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has changed dramatically since the 1990s. The fragmentation of some countries and the change from communist regimes to capitalist ones transformed those countries. In this context, we propose to study 16 CEE stock markets, in relation to China, Germany, Russia and the UK, using the correlation coefficient of DCCA and DMCA. The results show that most stock markets (about 60%) are more related to the Russian one than to other European markets, even in the case of European Union members. The Bosnian, Slovakian and Latvian stock markets show evidence of segmentation, which could be interesting for portfolio managers, in terms of diversification.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 805-819
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1460155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1460155
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:30:y:2018:i:6:p:805-819




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jai S. Mah
Author-X-Name-First: Jai S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mah
Title: Patterns of international trade and the industrial-led economic development of North Korea
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the evolution of patterns of international trade and their role in the industrial-led economic development of North Korea. North Korea adhered to a strategy of building a ‘self-sufficient national economy’ until the 1980s. Its international trade depends heavily on China and South Korea. The share of natural resources in North Korea’s exports to China has recently increased. Inter-Korean trade has contributed to improvements in the trade balance and industrialisation of North Korea, which can be contrasted with the pattern of North Korea’s exports to China, i.e. the dominance of primary products. The economic sanctions regime against North Korea implemented by the United Nations has significantly reduced the country’s foreign exchange earnings. They are unlikely to be effective in affecting North Korea’s rate of economic growth in the short term, but could constrain industrial-led economic development in the long term.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 820-834
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1461484
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1461484
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Title: Russian grain production: too much of a good thing?
Abstract: 
 Russian grain production has increased substantially in recent years, reaching a record harvest of 135 million tons post-cleaning during the 2017–2018 agricultural year. By 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture expects harvests to reach 150 million tons on a consistent basis. This research note analyses Russia’s ability to absorb harvests of this magnitude, examining domestic consumption, transportation, storage capacity and export capacity. Significant increases in domestic consumption are not expected. Efforts are underway to expand storage and export capacity, but in the short term the grain infrastructural system is not adequate to handle successively large harvests. The consequences of oversupply could be falling domestic prices and financial difficulties for grain producers and traders.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 835-846
Issue: 6
Volume: 30
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2018.1470856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2018.1470856
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvana Malle
Author-X-Name-First: Silvana
Author-X-Name-Last: Malle
Author-Name: Julian Cooper
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooper
Author-Name: Richard Connolly
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Connolly
Title: Greater Eurasia: more than a vision?
Abstract: 
 Greater Eurasia is an area of influence that Russia is looking to in pursuit of cementing its status as one of the world’s leading powers. Influence is conceived and pursued in economic as well as security terms. After the withdrawal of Ukraine from the process of Eurasian integration in 2014, the Eurasian supranational construct evolved, growing from the five member-based Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) which entered into force in 2015, into a broader and more fluid vision of a Greater Eurasia. Although growing from a low base, the evidence presented in this article shows the rapid growth in trade in the EAEU region and beyond. China has become the major trade partner of Russia, surpassing the EU, with both policies and projections pointing to rapidly increasing trade in the future. Both theory and practice suggest that the existence of different and complementary resource endowments and economic structures should provide firm foundations for stronger cooperation in the future.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 561-590
Issue: 5
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1738685
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1738685
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:5:p:561-590




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel Rogers
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers
Title: Fidesz, the state-subsumption of domestic business and the emergence of prebendalism: capitalist development in an ‘illiberal’ setting
Abstract: 
 The Hungarian coalition government (Fidesz-KDNP), dwarfed by the much larger Fidesz party, has not only dominated the domestic political landscape since 2010 but also embarked on a widespread organised project of corrupt practice for the purposes of self-reproduction. These factors combine to make Hungary a highly unique politico-economic case amongst its post-socialist European peers. This article investigates a critical aspect of this phenomenon, namely, how far Fidesz has subsumed domestic business through an enlarging state–business relationship, described here by the Weberian term ‘prebendalism’. Using insights from data captured from elite interviews conducted in Budapest in 2017, this research discusses the origins of Fidesz longevity and the successes of the prebendal network in determining current and potential paths of capitalist development. Subsequently, it is argued that institutionalist approaches to capitalist development can maintain efficacy but must acknowledge the critical importance of political agency in determining such outcomes. Consequently, scope is provided for future research to investigate continued corrupt practice, prospects for changes to the external dimensions of the national political economy and regime strategies in Hungary and cognate ‘illiberal’ regimes, advancing nascent studies of comparative capitalism that have moved beyond focus on Eurozone and/or so-called advanced economies, to encompass developing markets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 591-606
Issue: 5
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1689001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1689001
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:5:p:591-606




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kadirbyek Dagys
Author-X-Name-First: Kadirbyek
Author-X-Name-Last: Dagys
Author-Name: W. J. M. Heijman
Author-X-Name-First: W. J. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Heijman
Author-Name: Liesbeth Dries
Author-X-Name-First: Liesbeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Dries
Author-Name: Bakyei Agipar
Author-X-Name-First: Bakyei
Author-X-Name-Last: Agipar
Title: The mining sector boom in Mongolia: did it cause the Dutch disease?
Abstract: 
 The mining sector has become one of the main pillars in the Mongolian economy. Although the sector is the main driver of better export performance, it may also have a negative effect on traditional tradeable sectors and worsen their competitiveness. The study focuses on whether the Dutch disease symptoms have appeared in the Mongolian economy. A time series model is developed using quarterly data from the period of 2004 to 2012, the so-called mining boom years in Mongolia. Econometric results are derived from the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and suggest that the Dutch disease symptoms, the spending effect as well as the resource movement effect, have appeared during the researched period in Mongolia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 607-642
Issue: 5
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1689002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1689002
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:5:p:607-642




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oussama Tilfani
Author-X-Name-First: Oussama
Author-X-Name-Last: Tilfani
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: My Youssef El Boukfaoui
Author-X-Name-First: My Youssef
Author-X-Name-Last: El Boukfaoui
Title: Revisiting stock market integration in Central and Eastern European stock markets with a dynamic analysis
Abstract: 
 Considering the importance of continuously analysing stock market integration, and based on an earlier study, this paper adopts a sliding windows approach, jointly with the Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis correlation coefficient, in order to assess the evolution of integration in Central and Eastern European stock markets. With this approach, we are able to analyse stock market integration in a dynamic way. Our results show that the stock markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Croatia, Poland and Romania are most integrated, while those of Bosnia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovakia are less so. Moreover, we found that during crises, levels of integration increased, while the Brexit referendum seems to have had the contrary effect on markets. This is important information for investors, for example, when wanting to build portfolios, but also for authorities, for whom the information about correlations could be important in detecting potential price crashes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 643-674
Issue: 5
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:5:p:643-674




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meihong Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Meihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Author-Name: Ben Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Improving firm survival: exports or outward foreign direct investment?
Abstract: 
 Firm survival matters not only for the development of firms, but also for industrial development and macro-economic growth. This paper aims to explore a far less studied issue: the impact of exports and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on firm survival. First, this research explores the impact of pure-exports, pure-OFDI and mixed trade on firm survival based on a heterogeneous firm model with dynamic conditions. Second, this research demonstrates the theoretical hypothesis by employing micro-data from China and the multiple propensity score matching method. The results indicate that both exports and OFDI help improve firm survival, though the impact of pure-OFDI is larger. This conclusion is robust across different matching algorithms, research periods and empirical methods. The heterogeneous analysis indicates that the ‘exports/OFDI–firm survival’ relationship varies across both firm and economic characteristics. This research aims to guide firms’ optimal method of internationalisation and provide suggestions for the development of a new opening-up pattern.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 675-696
Issue: 5
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678097
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:5:p:675-696




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ozren Uzelac
Author-X-Name-First: Ozren
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzelac
Author-Name: Milivoje Davidovic
Author-X-Name-First: Milivoje
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidovic
Author-Name: Marijana Dukic Mijatovic
Author-X-Name-First: Marijana Dukic
Author-X-Name-Last: Mijatovic
Title: Legal framework, political environment and economic freedom in central and Eastern Europe: do they matter for economic growth?
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the impact of institutional variables on economic activity (GDP) in 19 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries, covering the period 1999–2016. We utilise Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct a hybrid measure of economic freedom, and the Random Effect model to estimate the causalities. The analysis shows that many CEE countries have improved their institutional setting, especially the control of corruption. The regression results indicate that the control of corruption and democracy have a positive and significant impact on the GDP. Also, political stability promotes growth, while the quality of regulation is statistically insignificant. Finally, the rule of law and economic freedom accelerate economic growth. Overall, the legal framework, political stability and economic freedom shape the economic reality in the CEE region. We conclude that institutions matter for growth in the CEE countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 697-725
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:697-725




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Małgorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
Author-X-Name-First: Małgorzata
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwanicz-Drozdowska
Author-Name: Bartosz Witkowski
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Witkowski
Title: Dancing the Viennese waltz or just doing business? The policy of parent banks in CESEE countries
Abstract: 
 We investigate how group- and market-specific traits impact the credit policy of foreign-owned banks operating in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European (CESEE) countries over the 1995–2015 period using an instrumental variable fixed effects approach. This period includes the years of the global financial crisis (GFC), during which the Vienna Initiative (VI) was established to limit the negative impact of the crisis on five CESEE countries in which foreign-owned banks play a considerable role. We find evidence that the credit policy of banks operating in VI countries and/or owned by VI parents differs from the overall policy in the region. Our study suggests that parent banks focus on the geographical diversification of group assets on host markets, followed by ensuring that there is strict capital control and that return on equity outperforms that of the market. Our results confirm that the VI was efficient in immunising subsidiaries and countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 726-748
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745561
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745561
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:726-748




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ioana Boiciuc
Author-X-Name-First: Ioana
Author-X-Name-Last: Boiciuc
Author-Name: David Orțan
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Orțan
Title: Estimating the effects of fiscal policy on GDP growth in Romania in 2015-2017 using the synthetic control method
Abstract: 
 Using the Synthetic Control Method, we estimate the effect of a large package of expansionary fiscal measures implemented in Romania from 2015 onwards. We find that it had a large and significant effect on GDP growth, ranging from 4.4 to 5.5 percentage points, accumulated over three years, with the largest effect in the third year, i.e. 2017. In this way, we try to address an important puzzle that arises in Romania from the fact that, on the one hand, standard macroeconomic models find very small (or even insignificant) fiscal multipliers, while on the other hand policy papers tend to quote the country’s expansionary fiscal policy as a factor behind the high growth rates achieved.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 749-770
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:749-770




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Szalavetz
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Szalavetz
Title: Digital transformation – enabling factory economy actors’ entrepreneurial integration in global value chains?
Abstract: 
 Drawing on interviews with ten Hungarian digital automotive technology providers, this paper investigates how digital transformation can assist factory economy digital entrepreneurs in their integration in the highly concentrated automotive global value chains (GVCs). We identified four mechanisms by which digital transformation can, in principle, produce opportunities for factory economies in progressing towards economy actors’ entrepreneurial integration in automotive GVCs, as follows. (1) New entrepreneurial opportunities in the digital realm; (2) Fine-slicing innovation and globalisation of R&D; (3) Ecosystem-type innovation collaboration; (4) Interaction-intensity of custom-tailored digital services provision. However, to realise the potential of these opportunities, a critical mass of capable digital entrepreneurs needs to be achieved: a long way to go for factory economies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 771-792
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722588
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:771-792




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Kośny
Author-X-Name-First: Marek
Author-X-Name-Last: Kośny
Title: Economic resourcefulness as a determinant of saving and borrowing in Poland
Abstract: 
 Economic resourcefulness indirectly affects many aspects related to the functioning of individuals on the market. One of the crucial areas is making financial decisions related to the allocation of financial surpluses and taking loans. The analysis carried out based on a dedicated study aims 1) to identify various aspects of the processes of collecting savings and borrowing in Poland and 2) to assess whether these processes are related to economic resourcefulness. The obtained results indicate the significance of economic resourcefulness for the majority of identified aspects of saving and borrowing, but at the same time, they show the specificity of these aspects. Resourcefulness, oriented at gaining a satisfactory financial situation and economic stability does not necessarily lead to strengthening individual retirement saving. It could be interpreted as a kind of trade-off between strategies build upon focusing on achieving well-being in the short (medium) and a long time horizon.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 793-812
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1727264
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1727264
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:793-812




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Getzner
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Getzner
Author-Name: Serhiy Moroz
Author-X-Name-First: Serhiy
Author-X-Name-Last: Moroz
Title: Regional development and foreign direct investment in transition countries: a case-study for regions in Ukraine
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic development of Ukrainian regions based on selected indicators (gross regional product, change of gross regional product, share of the industrial (manufacturing) sector, and employment and unemployment rates) in the 2003–2016 period. Employing an exploratory panel time-series approach, the results suggest that there is only a limited impact of FDI on the economic performance of the regions. The small influence of foreign direct investments is, among others, a consequence of political instability, weak governance, the military conflict in the East of the country, and incompleted reforms of the Ukrainian economy. We suggest that it is necessary to focus on targeted programs at both the regional and state levels in order to enhance the existing state of the economy. It is also important to ensure stability and transparency in the legislative processes, tax reforms, and other policy fields to facilitate the attraction of foreign direct investment, the creation of new jobs, and the increase of the income levels of the Ukrainian population.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 813-832
Issue: 6
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745564
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:6:p:813-832




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zafar Nazarov
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Nazarov
Author-Name: Anastassia V. Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Democratization and Firm Innovation: Evidence from European and Central Asian post-Communist States
Abstract: 
 The paper analyses the impact of democratisation on firm innovation in European and Central Asian post-communist states using panel-data and cross-sectional approaches. The sample consists of over 25,000 establishments in 25 transition economies. Our empirical analysis provides an array of novel findings to the institutional literature. First, our analysis demonstrates that post-communist democratisation has had a direct impact on firms’ propensity to innovate across transition economies. Second, we find that the relationship between the level of democracy and firm innovation takes the form of a U-shape or inverted U-shape depending on the definition of firm innovation. That is, the states with the lowest and highest levels of democracy exhibit less firm innovation than states with intermediate levels of democracy. The paper contributes to the institutional literature and to studies on the consequences of post-communist regime transition for economic development.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 833-859
Issue: 7
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745565
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacek Wallusch
Author-X-Name-First: Jacek
Author-X-Name-Last: Wallusch
Author-Name: Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek
Author-X-Name-First: Beata
Author-X-Name-Last: Woźniak-Jęchorek
Author-Name: Sławomir Kuźmar
Author-X-Name-First: Sławomir
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuźmar
Title: Aggregate and regional effects of financialisation in CEE countries
Abstract: 
 Our paper contributes to the literature on modern economy financialisation and relies on national and regional data on wages and employment distribution in the F&I and Industry sectors in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. We evaluate the effects of financialisation in this part of Europe, focusing on different levels of aggregation. By focusing on NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 regions, we extend the analytical strand beyond the national level and fill the gap in regional research on financialisation. Central and Eastern Europe is a beneficiary of the financialisation process and the transfer of financial services from the West to the East. This process changes social, economic, and political relationships in both parts of Europe. In CEE countries, financialisation has resulted in two types of positive aggregate effects: job creation in the financial sector and the increase of wages, which close the pay gap between Old and New EU. However, these processes at the regional level led to higher regional disparities. We then examine the disparities between regions with the highest concentration of F&I, so-called ‘global cities’, and other regions. This process of spatial segregation is the most striking phenomenon of financialisation in CEE countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 860-876
Issue: 7
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745556
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745556
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:32:y:2020:i:7:p:860-876




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thang V. Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Thang V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Ngoc T. B. Le
Author-X-Name-First: Ngoc T. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Ha L. H. Dinh
Author-X-Name-First: Ha L. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinh
Author-Name: Huong T. L. Pham
Author-X-Name-First: Huong T. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham
Title: Do entrepreneurial firms suffer more from bribery? An empirical study of businesses in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Empirical research on firm corruption has reported inconclusive findings on bribe–growth relationship at the firm level. Scholars have proposed a contingency approach, but a framework for identifying contingent factors has not been developed. This study employs a bargaining power framework to examine how firm characteristics moderate the bribe–growth relationship. Based on data from a sample of garment and textile firms in Vietnam, the research shows that firms with state ownership and export markets enjoy greater net benefits from bribes. By contrast, privately owned, micro and small firms are most harshly hit by bribes. The results suggest that engaging in bribery is not an answer for private, small firms even in bribery-prone environments like Vietnam. Rather, these firms should develop their bargaining power in order to minimise harms from bribery.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 877-903
Issue: 7
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722585
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danuše Nerudová
Author-X-Name-First: Danuše
Author-X-Name-Last: Nerudová
Author-Name: Marian Dobranschi
Author-X-Name-First: Marian
Author-X-Name-Last: Dobranschi
Author-Name: Veronika Solilová
Author-X-Name-First: Veronika
Author-X-Name-Last: Solilová
Author-Name: Marek Litzman
Author-X-Name-First: Marek
Author-X-Name-Last: Litzman
Title: Profit shifting to onshore and offshore tax havens: the case of Visegrad countries
Abstract: 
 This paper is concerned with profit shifting within multinational groups. The aim is to investigate the occurrence of pre-tax income shifting from foreign owned affiliates based in Visegrad countries to their sister companies based in onshore and offshore tax havens. We analyse the sensitivity of the profits before taxation to the tax differentials and determine whether tax incentives play a significant role in profit shifting from Visegrad countries towards tax havens. The semi-elasticity of profits before taxation to tax differentials is estimated separately for manufacturing and service sector industries. We find that subsidiaries based in Visegrad countries that are involved in the manufacturing sector are more affected by tax differentials for onshore tax havens, while subsidiaries that operate in the service sector are highly sensitive to tax differentials for offshore tax havens. Moreover, we calculate the approximate corporate income tax revenues losses due to pre-tax profits sensitivity to tax differentials. We find that a one-unit increase in tax differential will lead to a less than one-percent tax revenue loss in the Visegrad countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 904-946
Issue: 7
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1705083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1705083
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Howie
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Howie
Author-Name: Ilyas Yesdauletov
Author-X-Name-First: Ilyas
Author-X-Name-Last: Yesdauletov
Author-Name: Yerzhan Dyussenov
Author-X-Name-First: Yerzhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyussenov
Title: Support for nuclear power in Central Asia: examining historical and spatial separation
Abstract: 
 The countries of Central Asia have a perilous nuclear legacy inherited from the Soviet Union. Using survey data from Aktau and Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, a generalised ordered logit model is used to analyse relationships between people’s attitudes, location, and demographic characteristics and their support towards construction of NPPs. Results suggest there is complex association between historical proximity and support for NPPs. Furthermore, the general public can be separated into two groups: (1) those who oppose nuclear power and (2) those that have become complacent towards future risks. Perceived risk to human safety, radiation, and environmental damage are found to be associated with higher levels of opposition to the building of an NPP, whereas importance of job creation is found to be associated with higher levels of support for an NPP. These results are important as they indicate a need to promote public engagement prior to constructing an NPP.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 947-968
Issue: 7
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722581
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722581
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Mark Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Title: Priorities, shortages, and rationing in the UK and Russia national health services during 2000–2019: initial conditions for responses to Covid-19
Abstract: 
 Throughout the world in 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic caused wide-spread infections, realignments of medical priorities, pervasive shortages and rationing of medical care, increases in the hidden components of morbidity icebergs, and substantial mortality. It also caused two types of international disequilibrium: ‘excess supply’ in the macroeconomic sphere generated by lockdowns and ‘excess demand (shortage)’ in critical product markets (e.g., personal protective equipment). Although the simultaneous and global nature of these phenomena and problems in 2020 were unusual, many of them have been evident in national medical systems over the past decade. The key questions addressed in this article are: (1) What are the relationships between economic systems, government priorities, shortages in health services, and compensatory policies? and (2) How did resource constraints, priority shifts, shortages, bottlenecks in production, and rationing during 2000–2019 influence the initial conditions of medical systems in the UK and Russia in 2020 when confronting Covid-19 epidemics?
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 969-1010
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1800317
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1800317
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quang-Thanh Ngo
Author-X-Name-First: Quang-Thanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngo
Author-Name: Canh Thi Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Canh Thi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: Do export transitions differently affect firm productivity? Evidence across Vietnamese manufacturing sectors
Abstract: 
 This paper, by exploring the enriched information in annual Vietnamese enterprise surveys from 2010 to 2015, tries to shed light on the causal effect of the various statuses of export transitions on total factor productivity occurring across 20 manufacturing sectors and during various phases of export transition. The empirical results derived from the system GMM estimation provide evidence of causal direction from export transitions to total factor productivity, after controlling for endogenous variables and taking firm heterogeneity into account. Our results indicate that export effects on productivity are highly dependent on specific manufacturing sectors, and on type of export transition. From the perspective of trade and industrial policies, while supporting the creation of new exporters, some issues related to a high level of subsidy and tax incentives by the government to every exporting firm and export-oriented unit in every manufacturing sector seem to be questionable.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1011-1037
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1678098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1678098
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Usman Bashir
Author-X-Name-First: Usman
Author-X-Name-Last: Bashir
Author-Name: Yu Yugang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yugang
Author-Name: Muntazir Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Muntazir
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Title: Role of bank heterogeneity and market structure in transmitting monetary policy via bank lending channel: empirical evidence from Chinese banking sector
Abstract: 
 This study investigates how market structure affects the transmission of monetary policy through the policy’s effects on the bank lending channel in the Chinese banking system. By using structural and nonstructural measures of market structure, we also examined how bank responses are affected by heterogeneity. An unbalanced panel was constructed for 122 Chinese banks using annual data from 2000 to 2014. A dynamic model using two-step system GMM gave results indicating that, for both structural and nonstructural measures, banks with greater market power and increased concentration in the market tend to weaken the monetary policy transmission via the bank lending channel. This result holds while accounting for different bank characteristics such as size, liquidity, and capitalisation. In the Chinese banking market, banks which are well capitalised and have good liquidity position are much more insulated from any shifts in monetary policy because they have alternative sources of funds and have buffers of capital to meet the bank loan supply needs. Ownership structure also plays an important role in weakening the transmission effect through the bank lending channels of joint-equity and city commercial banks. These results are shown to be robust by considering an alternative measure of monetary policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1038-1061
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1705082
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1705082
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phi Minh Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Phi
Author-X-Name-Last: Minh Hong
Author-Name: Tran Thi Anh-Dao
Author-X-Name-First: Tran
Author-X-Name-Last: Thi Anh-Dao
Title: Should I stay or should I go? The role of the renminbi in trade partnerships in the Asia-Pacific region
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we examine the price elasticity of China’s aggregate imports and then provide further details on this elasticity in partner countries according to their participation in two alternative trading arrangements (TPP vs RCEP) and their level of development. By using different types of data and appropriate methodologies to conduct our analysis at both global and bilateral levels, we observe that the price elasticity of China’s imports is negative, which is consistent with the most recent studies and challenges the conventional wisdom. One hypothesis that might explain this result is the suppliers’ patterns of trade. Since export diversification by trading partners can affect the sensitivity of Chinese imports to relative price movements, we endogenise the import price elasticity accordingly. We find that negative elasticities are more prominent when China’s trading partners are developing countries, and when we consider their diversification in export markets. On the whole, the more partner countries are diversified in their export destinations, the lower the import price elasticity is in absolute terms. We conclude that export diversification by partner countries allows China to increase her ‘resilience’ to movements in its exchange rate. The same tests are performed in the case of the US for comparison.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1062-1088
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722582
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Safet Kurtović
Author-X-Name-First: Safet
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurtović
Author-Name: Nehat Maxhuni
Author-X-Name-First: Nehat
Author-X-Name-Last: Maxhuni
Author-Name: Blerim Halili
Author-X-Name-First: Blerim
Author-X-Name-Last: Halili
Author-Name: Sead Talović
Author-X-Name-First: Sead
Author-X-Name-Last: Talović
Title: The determinants of FDI location choice in the Western Balkan countries
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the effects of traditional, institutional and agglomeration determinants on the choice of FDI location on a sample of six countries of the Western Balkans. We used the partial adjustment model, the static and dynamic panels, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and a time series from 2007 to 2017. We have found that traditional (GDP per capita and GDP growth rate), agglomeration (urbanisation rate, foreign agglomerations in the service sector and the number of employees in the service sector) and institutional determinants (government spending) have a positive impact on the choice of FDI location. Additionally, we have concluded that the above-mentioned determinants have a positive impact on the adjustment speed towards a balanced per capita FDI stock. There is no convergence with regards to FDI; however, convergence exists with regards to the unrealised FDI stock due to the equilibrium FDI convergence.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1089-1110
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722584
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hazwan Haini
Author-X-Name-First: Hazwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Haini
Title: Spatial spillover effects of public health and education expenditures on economic growth: evidence from China’s provinces
Abstract: 
 This study examines the effects of public health and education expenditures on economic growth using a panel dataset of Chinese provinces from 1996 to 2015. Provincial and local governments in China assumed responsibility for public expenditures, which can be essential for promoting economic growth. Furthermore, this study employs a spatial autoregressive model to examine whether strategic spatial interaction exists between provinces and whether it has a positive spillover effect on economic growth. The estimated results show that strategic spatial interaction between provinces are positive and significant to growth. Additionally, the results show that health and education expenditure is positive and significant to growth. The results suggest further delegation of responsibility to provincial and local governments to fund productive public expenditure and encourage policies that focus on health and education reforms.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1111-1128
Issue: 8
Volume: 32
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722586
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quang Canh Le
Author-X-Name-First: Quang Canh
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Thi Phuong Thu Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Thi Phuong Thu
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Tuyet Nhung Do
Author-X-Name-First: Tuyet Nhung
Author-X-Name-Last: Do
Title: State ownership, quality of sub-national governance, and total factor productivity of firms in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Inter-firm productivity differences are not only explained by internal and external institutions, but also interactions between them. Using data adapted from enterprise surveys and Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) surveys 2011–2017, this study investigates the impacts of ownership, quality of sub-national governance, (proxied by corruption control and transparency), and their interactions on total factor productivity (TFP) of firms in Vietnam. The empirical findings indicate that: (i) state ownership is negatively associated with TFP; (ii) corruption control hinders TFP, but the interaction of corruption control and state ownership benefits the TFP of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) more than that of private counterparts; and (iii) transparency is positively associated with TFP, and transparency promotes the TFP of private enterprises more than that of SOEs. The empirical results shed light on policy designs that should accelerate SOE reforms and improve the quality of governance to enhance TFP in a transition economy like Vietnam.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 133-146
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793608
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Mark Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Title: Readiness and resilience of the health systems of the UK and Russia during Covid-19 epidemics in 2020-2021: impacts of priorities, shortages and rationing
Abstract: 
 The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 generated almost universal shocks to the interrelated complex systems of politics, society, economy, social care and health. The objectives of this article are to analyse health systems conceptually (section two) and empirically (case studies of the UK and Russia) in order to understand: their interactions with the other four complex systems; their readiness for the Covid-19 epidemics and resilience in coping with its challenges; and the impacts on them of changes in health priorities, shortages, and rationing. Evaluations are made in section three of the readiness of the UK and Russia health systems in January-February 2020 and in section four of their resilience during the First Wave (March-June). Section five assesses developments in readiness in July-August for the Second Wave and then evaluates the resilience of the health systems during the accelerations of the epidemics in September-December. The concluding section discusses the modulations of infections and vaccination programmes in 2021.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867433
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Bentzen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bentzen
Author-Name: Le Thanh Tung
Author-X-Name-First: Le Thanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Tung
Title: Regional income convergence in an emerging Asian economy: empirical evidence from Vietnam
Abstract: 
 Vietnam as an emerging economy has experienced strong economic growth since 1990 with an average annual income per capita growth of 8.8 per cent for 1990–2018. The country has around sixty provinces, and applying cross-section and time-series tests of convergence the analysis shows that approximately half of these have experienced a process of convergence towards the income level of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Still, cities like HCMC and Ha Noi have a per capita income level several times higher than the lowest income provinces. The analysis also finds that provinces being a neighbour to the major city areas – and having more manufacturing and service industry activities than agriculture – are more likely to experience a process of economic convergence towards HCMC. This is also revealing that provinces having an infrastructure that can attract and adopt investments – being foreign investments or government funded activities – appear more likely to catch up with the high-income areas.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 64-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1722587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722587
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergey Sosnovskikh
Author-X-Name-First: Sergey
Author-X-Name-Last: Sosnovskikh
Title: A new form of parallel trading within economics relations between Russia and China
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘daigou’. Daigou are perceived as harmful in China as they do not pay any import taxes. However, daigou have established well-organised supply-chain channels on the borders between Russia and China and have helped to boost sales for Russian regional businesses. With the help of in-depth interviews, this study provides three core findings. Firstly, it describes the entire supply-chain structure of daigou activity in Russia-China trade relations and the methods used by daigou to bypass border customs controls. Secondly, it explores the key benefits for Russian manufacturers and retailers and shows how they cooperate with Chinese daigou. Finally, it proposes that daigou are not just purchasing representatives but that they also act as consultants to Russian manufacturers and retailers and may therefore have a significant impact on the marketing costs, product development, and internationalisation strategies of those manufactures and retailers.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 94-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745562
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Financial repression and financial risk: the case of China
Abstract: 
 Despite more than three decades of economic reform, China’s financial repression still remains. Implicit state guarantees continue to be widespread while government interventions are pervasive in almost all economic activities, from determination of bank lending and deposit rates to selective allocation of credit and initial public offering quotas, as well as having majority control of large financial institutions. These financial distortions come with costs which have become heavier over time, particularly after 2008. This paper attempts to provide an integrated perspective in examining how financial repression in China has led to economic imbalances that elevate financial risk, particularly in the midst of ongoing US-China trade tussle and the Covid-19 pandemic.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 119-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1833554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1833554
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Štefan Bojnec
Author-X-Name-First: Štefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bojnec
Author-Name: Imre Fertő
Author-X-Name-First: Imre
Author-X-Name-Last: Fertő
Title: The growth of farms: a Hungarian-Slovenian comparison
Abstract: 
 This article describes an investigation of the relationship between farm size and the growth of farms. Theories about the association between farm size and the growth of farms give mixed results by country and over time. The former relationship is tested by assessing the validity of Gibrat’s Law for Hungarian and Slovenian farms in the period 2007–2015. The use of a sample of farms from Farm Accountancy Data Network datasets makes it necessary to avoid biases due to heterogeneous structures across farming systems. Thus, we use quantile regressions to control for farm-size-related heterogeneity in the samples. Results suggest rejection of the validity of Gibrat’s Law for farms in Hungary and to a lesser extent for Slovenian farms when the growth of farms is measured by growth of output per farm (where smaller farms grew faster than the largest farms), but not in the case of an increase in farm inputs (i.e. land and labour per farm). We provide evidence for Hungarian farms that smaller, mostly individual farms grew faster than larger, mostly corporate farms throughout the period of analysis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 79-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1727265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1727265
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:79-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rilka Dragneva
Author-X-Name-First: Rilka
Author-X-Name-Last: Dragneva
Author-Name: Christopher A. Hartwell
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartwell
Title: The Eurasian Economic Union: integration without liberalisation?
Abstract: 
 The Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) came into being in 2015 with the ostensible goal of increasing integration among its member states. An implicit assumption behind this goal was to further trade liberalisation, at least within the bloc, as a means to promote additional trade. This paper assesses the development of the EaEU against this promise. Going beyond an analysis of the dynamics of mutual trade, the main focus of this paper is to understand the EaEU’s institutional processes, examining if the commitments and framework put in place by the EaEU could actually contribute to trade liberalisation. Focusing on the trade policies at the level of the EaEU and the political economy of protectionism, our assessment is not favourable. In particular, the charge that the EaEU remains a geopolitical rather than economic project rings true, as trade liberalisation has been halting in individual member states and across the bloc as a whole. This reality is further illustrated in the external trade policies of the Union, most prominently in trade agreements concluded with Vietnam, Iran, Singapore and Serbia, and relations with other major trade partners. The paper argues that, in line with often overlooked theoretical predictions, the institutional framework of the EaEU is not robust enough to ensure that integration processes actually deliver on their stated objectives.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 200-221
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793586
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman
Author-Name: Anastassia V. Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Global governance and Eurasian international organisations: lessons learned and future agenda
Abstract: 
 The paper summarises the findings of this special issue and suggests avenues for future research. It concludes that the Eurasian regionalisms’ development in the 2010s was influenced, among other factors, by Russia’s concerns about external threats and by its control over the Eurasian space. However, the design of the regional institutions does not make them incompatible with global governance. The cooperation between global and regional institutions varies depending on the agenda of the specific regional organisation. In addition to direct competition between global and regional institutions, there may be an indirect one through offering access to different forms of economic benefits. Through this indirect strategy, regional institutions may reduce the incentives for individual countries to comply with their obligations to global institutions. This paper also places Eurasia within a global context of analysis and considers similar trends world-wide as well as outlines the agenda for future studies of global versus regional governance.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 359-377
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793587
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir S. Izotov
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Izotov
Author-Name: Anastassia V. Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Geopolitical games in Eurasian regionalism: ideational interactions and regional international organisations
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the ideational interaction underlying attempts at regional integration and cooperation in Eurasia. While the ideas and values of the European Union have been relatively well-studied within the theory of Europeanisation, the key concepts, ideas, values and principles driving Eurasian regionalism have remained out of the main focus of Western scholarship. This paper aims to shed more light on this ideational basis of Eurasian regionalism by unveiling the discourse developed in Russian scholarship and available only in Russian. Understanding interactions between institutions will always remain partial as long as the ideational interaction is not addressed. Such concepts as ‘integrative mentality’, as a segment of the wider category ‘foreign policy mentality’, and the theory of neo-Eurasianism have been incorporated into Russian political discourse and therefore affect public opinion through specific interpretation of economic, political and cultural processes in the EU’s near neighbourhood and the EU as an actor. The analysis presented in this paper indicates the development of new ideational competition, in addition to the well-documented geopolitical one. The paper also aspires to contribute to emerging research on public support to governmental strategic choices and self-legitimation of international organisations in Eurasia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 150-174
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793584
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Global Governance and Interaction between International Institutions: The Challenge of the Eurasian International Organizations
Abstract: 
 This essay is an introduction to the special issue and it outlines the main guiding puzzles and questions raised in different contributions. The special issue asks the following general questions. How Eurasian organisations are ‘embedded’ in the global and regional governance networks? What empirical and ideational strategies are implemented on the part of these organisations? How do they interact with traditional international institutions? The contributions in this issue develop different empirical and theoretical approaches to address these puzzles and to contribute to our understanding of Eurasian international organisations as actors in global governance and economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 147-149
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793585
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:2-3:p:147-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evgeny Vinokurov
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeny
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinokurov
Title: Interaction of Eurasian and international financial institutions
Abstract: 
 The paper handles two Eurasian international financial institutions, the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) and the Eurasian Fund for Stabilisation and Development (EFSD), focusing on interaction with their international counterparts, including international financial organisations and multilateral development banks. We attempt to explain the reasons behind the choice of partners, modalities of interactions, underlying incentives and constraints, and varying dynamics of these two entities. It covers the following questions: What are the reasons behind the varying dynamics of international interactions for both institutions? What conditions the choice of institutions to cooperate with? Which constraints do the Eurasian institutions face? What is the relation between competition and complementarity in these interactions? The paper eliminates gaps in understanding the modalities and dynamics of the EDB and EFSD’s interaction with their counterparts among international financial institutions and provides a set of explanations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 265-282
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793588
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:2-3:p:265-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Viachaslau Yarashevich
Author-X-Name-First: Viachaslau
Author-X-Name-Last: Yarashevich
Title: Competitiveness through new industrialisation in the EAEU
Abstract: 
 Having recently passed its first five-year anniversary, the Eurasian Economic Union is still strolling economic shallows determined by commodity dependence and deindustrialisation of postcommunist political economy. Potentially these challenges can be overcome by a new industrialisation effort targeting macroeconomic competitiveness as a comparative capacity of adapting to globalisation. Indeed, while commodity exports currently dominating the mutual trade in the EAEU bound its members by the inherited infrastructure, as well as discounts on oil and gas, manufacturing can do so through value chains, which would also require more sophistication in common economic regimes, particularly concerning technical and financial regulation. A common industrialisation agenda would be helpful here, yet to be efficient in the specific postcommunist context of the EAEU it would have to depart from the existing paradigm and get focused on managing institutional misalignment, eschewing from communist-era grandeur, upkeeping the social sector and promoting private–public partnerships in innovative manufacturing activities.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 305-330
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793591
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann-Sophie Gast
Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Gast
Title: The Eurasian Economic Union – keeping up with the EU and China
Abstract: 
 Among the numerous Eurasian regional organisations (ROs) founded since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) sticks out as the first comprehensive economic integration agreement, in which member states give up sovereignty in the area of external trade. For the first time, Russia foregoes its veto power in one of the bodies of the EAEU. This is especially puzzling given that all EAEU member states are non-democratic regimes, which usually do not enter agreements that limit their room for manoeuvre and opportunities to control rents. This article investigates the reasons for why Russia opted for the deepening of regional integration and relinquished sovereignty to the regional level. The article contends that autocratic states create ROs to mitigate threats to regime survival and stability. If the leading state, which initiates and sponsors the creation of ROs, perceives threats to its survival as grave enough and the RO promises adequate remedies, it will be willing to agree to compromises and side payments. Drawing on a sample of speeches and official statements as well as on a series of elite interviews, the analysis proves that the EAEU is a means of regime survival in light of Russia’s perceived encirclement by China and the EU.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 175-199
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1827200
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827200
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikhail Golovnin
Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail
Author-X-Name-Last: Golovnin
Author-Name: Daria Ushkalova
Author-X-Name-First: Daria
Author-X-Name-Last: Ushkalova
Title: Russia in international economic institutions: are there contradictions in the regional and global agendas?
Abstract: 
 This paper focuses on the analysis of Russia’s agenda in global and regional international economic institutions. Our aim is to reveal the main goals of Russia’s agenda in these institutions as well as their realisation and to find whether there is a contradiction or complementarity between Russian participation in global and in regional initiatives. We identify three of Russia’s main goals within the system of global and regional economic institutions as follows: increasing the role of Russia in global and regional economic governance; safeguarding the national economy from external shocks and facilitating its development; and ensuring the interests of Russian economic agents. We conclude that on the global level Russia has faced limitations on realising these goals and lacks its own agenda for international finance and trade issues. However, Russia has created and supported mechanisms for their realisation on the regional and trans-regional level.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 222-245
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793592
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:2-3:p:222-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farid Guliyev
Author-X-Name-First: Farid
Author-X-Name-Last: Guliyev
Author-Name: Andrea Gawrich
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Gawrich
Title: NATO vs. the CSTO: security threat perceptions and responses to secessionist conflicts in Eurasia
Abstract: 
 While there is a growing body of research on the role of international organisations (IOs) in regional security governance, relatively little attention has been paid to IO responses to the secessionist conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh (NK), in Abkhazia/South Ossetia in Georgia as well as in Crimea/Eastern Ukraine. This article explores the differences between NATO’s and the CSTO’s responses to the three conflicts. Our findings demonstrate that NATO neglected the conflict in NK which stands in sharp contrast to its active responses to the outbreak of war in Georgia (2008) and Crimea/Eastern Ukraine (2014). The CSTO, however, has largely avoided any engagement in all three cases. Three factors were of crucial importance to explain this variation: the level of regional security institutionalisation, both IOs’ geostrategic threat perceptions as well as both IOs’ mutual perception, hence, their IO-IO (non)relationship.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 283-304
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1800316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1800316
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Eder
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Eder
Title: Moving towards developmental regionalism? industrial cooperation in the Eurasian Economic Union from an Armenian and Belarusian perspective
Abstract: 
 After two decades of meagre results in post-Soviet regionalism, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is the first gleam of hope. However, research on the EAEU is mostly Russia-centred and focused on trade issues, which leaves the small states’ perspectives and developmental aspects, such as the EAEU’s industrial cooperation agenda, understudied. The small states might disproportionately benefit from a shift towards developmental regionalism, but there are also many challenges associated with this issue. Thus, this paper examines Armenia’s and Belarus’ industrial development prospects in the framework of the EAEU. Based on Regulation Theory, the paper triangulates data from national, supranational and international organisations, official EAEU documents and reports with insights from 10 expert interviews with policy makers, policy advisers and management consultants. The paper identifies diverging (and sometimes conflicting) interests regarding the relevance and concrete arrangement of industrial cooperation, which has particular implications for smaller member states like Armenia and Belarus.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 331-358
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793590
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:2-3:p:331-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Libman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Libman
Title: Eurasian regionalism and the WTO: a building block or a stumbling stone?
Abstract: 
 The goal of this paper is to investigate how the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (and of the Customs Union, its predecessor organisation) affected the way Eurasian countries interact with the WTO. There exists a large literature on the tensions between the regional economic integration and the multilateral trade system; adjusting its arguments for the case of the post-Soviet Eurasia, I ask whether establishment of the CU/EAEU reduced the interest of Eurasian countries towards the WTO membership, constrained them in the WTO negotiations or affected their commitments towards the WTO. For the first two questions, I find that the CU/EAEU did not make WTO membership less desirable or feasible. My findings with respect to the third question are ambiguous. Overall, the paper concludes that Eurasian regionalism does not constitute a major constraint for the Eurasian countries’ participation in the multilateral trade system (at least for the large countries).
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 246-264
Issue: 2-3
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793589
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:2-3:p:246-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinjing Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Jinjing
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Jongchul Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jongchul
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: The Belt and Road Initiative, Asian infrastructure investment bank, and the role of enterprise heterogeneity in China’s outward foreign direct investment
Abstract: 
 This study analyses Chinese enterprises’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from the perspectives of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and home-country enterprise heterogeneity. It analyses the roles of BRI and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in China’s OFDI using enterprise-level data for 2008–2017 from China Global Investment Tracker on Chinese enterprises’ OFDI in 128 countries. The results show that the roles of the BRI or AIIB in Chinese enterprises’ OFDI varies based on the ownership system of home country enterprises. BRI significantly affected the OFDI of central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) representing the national strategy, but not that of private enterprises. Interestingly, BRI implementation did not promote local SOEs’ OFDI significantly. Since local SOEs drive the local economy and obtain profits, they act similarly to private enterprises in investment selection.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 379-401
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745560
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:379-401




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oliver Kovacs
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacs
Title: The Hungarian eurology – the road to perdition?
Abstract: 
 The study aims at deciphering the driving forces behind the Hungarian eurolessness from a more complexity-aware perspective. To this end, it applies the concept of runaway phenomena, borrowed from complexity science pervaded by an evolutionary view to the socio-economic innovation ecosystem, in interpreting the runaway Hungarian nationalism. It demonstrates that global runaway phenomena in the world economy have been heavily influencing the Hungarian path. With this approach, it becomes clearer how Hungary turned from eulogy to neutrality and then has gone even beyond in terms of Europeanisation. The paper also conveys some lessons both for economics theory and economic governance alike.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 435-457
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745558
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleksandar Vasilev
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev
Title: Optimal fiscal policy in a model with search-and-matching frictions: the case of Bulgaria (1999–2018)
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the effects of fiscal policy in an economy with search and matching frictions. To this end, a dynamic general-equilibrium model with government sector is calibrated to Bulgarian data (1999–2018). Two regimes are compared and contrasted – the exogenous (observed) vs. optimal policy (Ramsey) case. The focus of the paper is on the relative importance of consumption vs. income taxation, as well as on the provision of utility-enhancing public services. The main findings from the computational experiments performed in the paper are: (i) The optimal steady-state income tax rate is zero; (ii) The benevolent Ramsey planner provides the optimal amount of the utility-enhancing public services, which are now three times lower; (iii) The optimal steady-state consumption tax needed to finance the optimal level of government spending is $$18.3\% $$18.3%, slightly lower than the rate in the exogenous policy case.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 500-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1786987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1786987
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:500-515




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seyed Alireza Athari
Author-X-Name-First: Seyed Alireza
Author-X-Name-Last: Athari
Title: Domestic political risk, global economic policy uncertainty, and banks’ profitability: evidence from Ukrainian banks
Abstract: 
 This study examines the effects of domestic political risk and global economic policy uncertainty factors on the profitability of Ukrainian banks during the 2005–2015 period. The empirical results underscore that the domestic political stability and global economic policy uncertainty have significant positive and negative effect on Ukrainian banks’ profitability, respectively. Results suggest that a rise of Ukrainian banks’ profitability depends significantly on decreasing domestic political and global risk levels. Likewise, the results of traditional determinants indicate that the profitability of Ukrainian banks is shaped by the bank and industry-specific determinants. The results are robust and consistent when alternative model specifications are conducted. The findings of this study have important policy implications for policymakers, banks’ managers, and analysts.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 458-483
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745563
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:458-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milka Grbić
Author-X-Name-First: Milka
Author-X-Name-Last: Grbić
Title: Stock market development and economic growth: the case of the Republic of Serbia
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the relationship between stock market development and economic growth in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2002Q1-2018Q4. In order to incorporate the important aspects of stock market development, the market capitalisation ratio is used as the indicator of the size, the total value ratio and the turnover ratio as the liquidity indicators, while the growth rate of the real GDP is used as the indicator of economic growth. The analysis is carried out within the Vector Autoregressive model, using the Toda-Yamamoto-Dolado-Lütkepohl approach to the Granger causality test, the impulse response function, and forecast error variance decomposition. This study reveals the unidirectional Granger causality, running from stock market development to economic growth. The impulse response function shows the positive response of economic growth to an unexpected stock market shock size, while liquidity shocks lead to alternate positive and negative responses to the economic growth rate in the short term. The variance decomposition analysis indicates that fluctuations in the economic growth rate are largely explained by the shocks of the market capitalisation ratio. From the findings, it is concluded that policy-makers should focus on a stock market promotion strategy to enhance economic growth in the Republic of Serbia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 484-499
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:484-499




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elkhan Richard Sadik-Zada
Author-X-Name-First: Elkhan Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Sadik-Zada
Title: Addressing the growth and employment effects of the extractive industries: white and black box illustrations from Kazakhstan
Abstract: 
 This survey addresses production and employment effects, which emanate from the extractive industries of Kazakhstan. To this end, the study employs static input-output models (IOMs) of Kazakhstan for the years 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2017 and dynamic nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models for the period 1995–2018. IOMs show that extractives in Kazakhstan exhibit relatively strong links to domestic manufacturing. NARDL estimators reveal a positive relationship between commodity revenues and manufacturing value added in the commodity revenue boom phase and a high level of resilience of Kazakh manufacturing to the downward movements of the commodity revenues. Commodity revenues have a statistically significant positive impact on the aggregate employment rate. The study does not detect asymmetries concerning the job creation effects of extractives in the manufacturing sector.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 402-434
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1745557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1745557
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:4:p:402-434




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katarzyna Szarzec
Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna
Author-X-Name-Last: Szarzec
Author-Name: Wanda Nowara
Author-X-Name-First: Wanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Nowara
Author-Name: Bartosz Totleben
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Totleben
Title: State-owned enterprises as foreign direct investors: insights from EU countries
Abstract: 
 The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the scale of foreign direct investment made by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) registered in EU countries in other EU countries in 2017. We created a comprehensive dataset of all intra-EU SOEs’ FDI, on the basis of micro-level data on foreign affiliates, which had hitherto been missing. The role of SOEs’ FDI in the EU economy is relatively low. However, in terms of the home country, we observe a significant asymmetry. Almost 92% of SOE’s foreign affiliates come from the old-EU members. French SOEs are most engaged in FDI activities within EU countries, followed by Germany and Italy. In post-socialist countries, SOEs still play an important role in the economy; however, their activities are concentrated in domestic markets. SOEs are substantial investors in foreign markets in the energy sector. The most attractive countries for investment by state-owned multinational companies are the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 517-540
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793603
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:517-540




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Céline Bonnefond
Author-X-Name-First: Céline
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnefond
Author-Name: Matthieu Clement
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu
Author-X-Name-Last: Clement
Author-Name: Huijie Yan
Author-X-Name-First: Huijie
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan
Title: Income inequality and environmental quality in China: a semi-parametric analysis applied to provincial panel data
Abstract: 
 This article contributes to the literature on the inequality-environment nexus in China, at the provincial level, by filling three major gaps. First, we enlarge the scope of environmental variables so as to include several air and water pollutants. Second, we combine different data sources to construct several measures of income inequality. Third, we propose to use flexible semi-parametric methods in order to analyse the potential nonlinearities in the inequality-environment relationship and control for endogeneity issues. Four conclusions can be drawn from our empirical investigations. (i) Provincial inequality has a negative effect on air and water pollution. (ii) This negative association is primarily explained by inequality between urban and rural areas, which also has a negative impact on environment quality. (iii) Urban inequality contributes to increasing soot emissions and water pollution, which confirms the deleterious impact of inequality for localised pollutions. (iv) Rural inequality has no clear effect on environmental quality.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 541-565
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:541-565




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrey Polbin
Author-X-Name-First: Andrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Polbin
Author-Name: Sergey Sinelnikov-Murylev
Author-X-Name-First: Sergey
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinelnikov-Murylev
Title: A simple macro-econometric simultaneous equation model for the Russian economy
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a simple macro-econometric simultaneous equation model for the Russian economy. The consumption function is based on Friedman’s permanent income hypothesis. We assume that permanent income is estimated by households based on aggregate income dynamics using adaptive expectations. The paper compares two permanent income model specifications whereby either GDP or disposable income serves as the aggregate income variable. The specification based on the hypothesis where households consume a constant share of permanent GDP in constant consumer prices proved to be the best. The superior explanatory potential of this model when compared with alternative specifications supports the hypothesis that the behaviour of economic agents in the Russian economy considers Ricardian equivalence.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 587-613
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793607
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:587-613




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zoya Nissanov
Author-X-Name-First: Zoya
Author-X-Name-Last: Nissanov
Title: Is an increase in oil prices good for individuals in oil-producing countries?
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the impact of oil prices on individual incomes, using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the years 2009–2015, a period, when oil prices varied substantially. The results suggest that there is a significant negative impact of oil prices on individual incomes in Russia, not only for inhabitants of oil-rich regions but also for those having no access to these resources. Thus, the Russian population as a whole does not enjoy any benefit from oil revenues.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 581-586
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793606
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:581-586




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suzana Makreshanska-Mladenovska
Author-X-Name-First: Suzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Makreshanska-Mladenovska
Author-Name: Goran Petrevski
Author-X-Name-First: Goran
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrevski
Title: Decentralisation and fiscal performance in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 This paper provides empirical evidence on the association between decentralisation and budget deficits of the general government for a panel of 11 former transition countries during 1991–2018, controlling for the effects of various demographic, institutional, and macroeconomic variables. We provide evidence that decentralising government activities in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has favourable effects on the fiscal position of general government. Also, we show that the greater reliance on intergovernmental grants as a source of finance of local governments does not have detrimental effects on the overall fiscal discipline. Therefore, we cannot support the so-called ‘common pool’ hypothesis, which predicts that intergovernmental transfers lead to higher public expenditure, thus exacerbating the fiscal imbalances of the general government. On the other hand, we show that the effects of revenue decentralisation depend critically on the specific measure of local government revenue.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 614-636
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:614-636




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnieszka Pach-Gurgul
Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka
Author-X-Name-Last: Pach-Gurgul
Author-Name: Sławomir Śmiech
Author-X-Name-First: Sławomir
Author-X-Name-Last: Śmiech
Author-Name: Marta Ulbrych
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulbrych
Title: The effect of energy prices on energy intensity improvement – the case of the chemical industry in the V4 countries
Abstract: 
 The main objective of this study is to analyse the effect of energy prices on energy intensity in the chemical industry in the V4 countries during the period 1995–2016. For this purpose, based on a panel regression model, the relationships among variables of interest are assessed. The empirical results show the adverse effect of energy prices (electricity, gas and oil) on the energy intensity. Other variables analysed (employment, gross fixed capital formation and greenhouse gases emission) negatively impact energy intensity as well.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 566-580
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793605
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:566-580




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bojun Hou
Author-X-Name-First: Bojun
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou
Author-Name: Jin Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Author-Name: Shuai Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Shuai
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Xing Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Xing
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Chen Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Chen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: University-industry linkages, regional entrepreneurship and economic growth: evidence from China
Abstract: 
 The role of universities, as the cradle for talents and knowledge development, has long been neglected by scholars, especially in emerging economies. In addition, the roles of startups and incumbents, as a channel through which the knowledge could contribute to the economic growth in transition economies, have not been well-explained in extant literature. This paper aims to fill these theoretical and practical gaps by examining the effects of university-industry linkages (including university technology transfer (UTT) and university-industry collaboration (UIC)) and enterprises’ activities (including startups and incumbent competitiveness (IC)) on economic growth in China. Our empirical analysis is based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015. Unlike findings from developed countries, we found that UTT is negatively associated with economic growth in fixed effect and ordinary least squares (OLS), whereas UIC shows no significant impact in fixed-effect but a significant positive effect in OLS. Startups and IC both affect economic growth positively, whereas IC has a greater effect on both estimations. The effects of university-industry linkages and entrepreneurship on economic growth before and after the 2008 financial crisis show heterogeneity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the final section.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 637-659
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1827199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827199
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:5:p:637-659




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pascal Grouiez
Author-X-Name-First: Pascal
Author-X-Name-Last: Grouiez
Author-Name: Julien Vercueil
Author-X-Name-First: Julien
Author-X-Name-Last: Vercueil
Author-Name: Dmitry D. Volkov
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Volkov
Title: Beyond oil: the international integration of the Russian economy between macroeconomic constraints and sectoral dynamics
Abstract: 
 This study provides new insights into the internal dynamics and international integration of non-rentier sectors in Russia. Our approach consists in analysing the evolution of two non-rentier industries (agri-food and software), focusing on three groups of variables characterising their institutional environment, namely the macroeconomic context, public policies, and private strategies pursued by the main players. Based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data coming from field surveys and statistical databases, we introduce distinct forms of international integration that shed light on the players’ strategies in adapting to changes in macroeconomic variables. The following paradox emerged: although the macroeconomic constraints stemming from rent should have hindered the development of non-rentier sectors in a scheme characteristic of the classical ‘Dutch disease’ framework, we have observed that these two industries have been able to continue to develop, each following its own path. Our analysis shows that the mix of constraints and opportunities faced by these industries has shaped their partial autonomy vis-à-vis the rent-based ‘accumulation regime’ characteristic of the country.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 770-794
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867462
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:770-794




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Godar
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Godar
Author-Name: Petr Janský
Author-X-Name-First: Petr
Author-X-Name-Last: Janský
Title: Corporate profit misalignment: evidence from German headquarter companies and their foreign affiliates
Abstract: 
 Despite numerous data challenges, economists have established that the multinational corporations’ reported profits are not well aligned with their economic activity across countries. However, uncertainties remain about the extent and patterns of this misalignment. We fill in this gap for German-based multinational corporations and their foreign affiliates. We use the data collected by the Deutsche Bundesbank, which include confidential data on foreign direct investments and a combination of confidential and publicly available balance sheet data. We find that the world’s tax havens attract a considerably higher share of German multinational corporations’ profit than economic activity, while in Eastern European countries, most developing countries and some big European countries reported profits are much lower than economic activity would suggest. We also find that the most important tax haven is the Netherlands, followed by other EU tax havens of Cyprus, Ireland, Luxembourg and Malta.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 726-750
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1827201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827201
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:726-750




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos M. Jardon
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jardon
Author-Name: F. X. Martinez-Cobas
Author-X-Name-First: F. X.
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Cobas
Title: Measuring dynamic capabilities in Russian companies
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the mechanism through which dynamic capabilities affect performance in a group of Russian companies. It suggests a new method to measure indicators of dynamic capabilities with economic and financial data, using activity cost elasticity with respect to total cost in order to analyse the increase in investment in this activity versus the total activity of the company. The research uses quantile regression with annual data of 1,096 Russian companies for the period 2004–2014, provided by Bureau Van Dijk. Managerial capability is the only capability that has direct effects on productivity growth rates. Innovation capability and marketing capability require mediation of the managerial capability to have an effect on the performance of Russian companies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 661-680
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793611
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:661-680




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milan Deskar-Škrbić
Author-X-Name-First: Milan
Author-X-Name-Last: Deskar-Škrbić
Author-Name: Ana Grdović Gnip
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Grdović Gnip
Author-Name: Hrvoje Šimović
Author-X-Name-First: Hrvoje
Author-X-Name-Last: Šimović
Title: Macroeconomic effects of exogenous tax changes in a small open economy: narrative evidence from Croatia
Abstract: 
 Following the Romer and Romer narrative approach (RR), this paper investigates the effects of tax changes (personal income tax and value added tax in particular) on economic activity in Croatia. We use the narrative approach to identify exogenous tax shocks and construct a unique time series of these shocks for the 2004–2019 period. However, as Croatia is a small open economy, we adjust the original RR modelling approach by taking into account the relevance of external (demand) shocks. Our results indicate that positive tax shocks lead to a fall in private consumption and output in the Keynesian manner. We show that, compared to direct taxes, indirect taxes exercise a stronger effect on macroeconomic aggregates, but the effect of direct taxes is statistically significant throughout the whole time horizon and does not fade out. As the main contributions of this paper to the existing literature, we highlight the following: firstly, this paper sets forth the first estimates of the macroeconomic effects of tax changes based on the narrative approach in the case of a developing economy; secondly, this study extends the original RR approach by including the effects of external shocks, making this approach more suitable for the analysis of fiscal policy in small open economies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 681-709
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1802564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1802564
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:681-709




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faheem Aslam
Author-X-Name-First: Faheem
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslam
Author-Name: Francisca Nogueiro
Author-X-Name-First: Francisca
Author-X-Name-Last: Nogueiro
Author-Name: Mariana Brasil
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Brasil
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: Khurram Shahzad Mughal
Author-X-Name-First: Khurram Shahzad
Author-X-Name-Last: Mughal
Author-Name: Beenish Bashir
Author-X-Name-First: Beenish
Author-X-Name-Last: Bashir
Author-Name: Saima Latif
Author-X-Name-First: Saima
Author-X-Name-Last: Latif
Title: The footprints of COVID-19 on Central Eastern European stock markets: an intraday analysis
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the intraday multifractal behaviour of three Central Eastern European stock markets by deploying five-minute index data ranging from December 2019 to May 2020. With the analysis of multifractality, we can evaluate the degree of efficiency of the stock markets analysed. We divided the whole sample into three different periods of about two months each. Data for the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland are used and their behaviour is compared with Germany (as a benchmark of the European Union) and Italy and Spain (as the most affected countries by Covid-19 in Europe). For the analysis, we employ multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis after using seasonal-trend decompositions using the loess method. The results confirm that the degree of multifractality varies in the different periods, with increasing multifractality in February–March and a recovery in April–May. Furthermore, the behaviour of these stock markets shifted from persistent to anti-persistent.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 751-769
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1827202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827202
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:751-769




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Pavel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavel
Author-Name: Jana Tepperová
Author-X-Name-First: Jana
Author-X-Name-Last: Tepperová
Author-Name: Markéta Arltová
Author-X-Name-First: Markéta
Author-X-Name-Last: Arltová
Title: Tax factors affecting FDI allocation in the EU post-socialist states
Abstract: 
 The aim of the paper is to reveal the parameters of tax systems – in both the investor and the recipient state – that influence FDI allocation in post-socialist EU countries and cross-border flows of selected types of payments. Our results confirm that investors from EU countries strive to take advantage of both tax rate differences and aggressive tax planning strategies. Regression model estimates show that the investor’s national tax system is of key importance if it allows for the non-taxation of interest income, application of lower rates to royalties and use of special purpose entities. Moreover, the size of FDI is relatively strongly linked to the amount of payments for advisory services and royalties which are often used for aggressive tax planning. The estimated elasticity of FDI to the tax rate is around 1.1 and 1.9 for statutory and effective rates, respectively.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 710-725
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1827198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:6:p:710-725




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hazwan Haini
Author-X-Name-First: Hazwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Haini
Title: The evolution of China’s modern economy and its implications on future growth
Abstract: 
 China has consolidated its position in the world as the second largest economy. Four decades ago, China was one of the poorest economies prior to economic reforms. Yet, China’s reforms are unique as they were implemented gradually and experimental in nature, which contrasted the reforms in other transitioning economies. Understanding these directions can provide a deeper understanding for the future of China’s growth. This paper provides a critical review of the reforms, highlighting the importance of the agricultural and non-state sector during initial reforms. Furthermore, the review discusses the substandard performance of the state sector despite various reforms, prior to the implementation of widespread reforms to open its economy. Finally, China’s sources of economic growth are discussed, and future policy implications are offered to direct China into an economically sustainable growth path.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 795-819
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793610
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:795-819




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirjana Cizmović
Author-X-Name-First: Mirjana
Author-X-Name-Last: Cizmović
Author-Name: Yochanan Shachmurove
Author-X-Name-First: Yochanan
Author-X-Name-Last: Shachmurove
Author-Name: Milos Vulanovic
Author-X-Name-First: Milos
Author-X-Name-Last: Vulanovic
Title: Real Effective Exchange Rates and deindustrialization: Evidence from 25 Post-Communist Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 For the past three decades, Eastern European countries have exhibited a noticeable decline in their share of the industrial production sector overall, but not uniformly. Simultaneously, trade liberalisation and integration in international production networks were intensified, bringing different export sophistication levels and economic development to countries in this region. This paper aims to examine the real effective exchange rate (REER) impact on the deindustrialisation or reindustrialisation process in 25 post-communist Eastern European countries. The paper employs a heterogeneous panel common factor approach for the period 1995–2018 to exploit the effect of diverse levels of export complexity, stage of economic development and intensity of participation in global value chains on the REER–industrial production relationship. The results establish a heterogeneous yet significant negative relationship between currency strengthening and industrial production. Our findings also indicate that this negative effect of appreciation is less pronounced with the country’s higher economic complexity and its broader participation in global value chains.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 862-898
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867429
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:862-898




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Joël Ruet
Author-X-Name-First: Joël
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruet
Title: Managing the “Post Miracle” Economy in China: Crisis of Growth Model and Policy Responses
Abstract: 
 Combining some theoretical perspectives of economic development stages, a capital accumulation regime with Chinese characteristics and a techno-economic paradigm, this paper tries to explain how the Chinese growth miracle reached the edge of crisis after 2008. It argues that for 30 years, the ‘visible hand’ managing the Chinese economy has progressively shifted from local governments’ initiatives and experiments to central government’s macro policy supplemented with industrial economics tools. This brought China’s growth from the factor-driven to the investment-driven stage, and progressively decoupled the financial system from China’s local, dominant, accumulation regime, directing finance into a technological accumulation regime. The Chinese central government attempts three macroeconomic approaches with which to readdress the growth pattern: rebalancing; supply-side reform; and innovation-driven development. The Belt and Road Initiative is an attempt to domestically recouple backward to coastal provinces, trade and investment to economic diversification, and to upgrade provinces. The current Chinese growth model is composed of different capital accumulation regimes: export, domestic infrastructure investment, financial market liberalisation, e-commerce platform economy, all based on the manufacturing economy built up over the last 40 years. China needs upgrading its manufacturing economy to an innovation level and build a new capital accumulation regime based upon it.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 820-841
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:820-841




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mircea Asandului
Author-X-Name-First: Mircea
Author-X-Name-Last: Asandului
Author-Name: Dan Lupu
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lupu
Author-Name: Liviu-George Maha
Author-X-Name-First: Liviu-George
Author-X-Name-Last: Maha
Author-Name: Daniela Viorică
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Viorică
Title: The asymmetric effects of fiscal policy on inflation and economic activity in post-communist European countries
Abstract: 
 Fiscal policy plays an important role in stimulating economic activity, but it also has a significant influence in securing monetary stability in an economy. Our study aims to analyse the asymmetric effects of fiscal policy on inflation and economic activity on twelve post-communist European countries that are associated with the European Union (EU) by either membership or by being members of the Eastern European Partnership (EaP). We explore the asymmetric effects on inflation and economic activity by using a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator.The results show that in the long run, the fiscal policy instrument negatively influences both inflation and economic activity; in the short run, the effects are not significant. A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model was estimated individually for each country. Our main findings are that the cumulative impact of fiscal policy generates an inflationary growth effect for the EU countries in our sample.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 899-919
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867430
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:899-919




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olivier Faury
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Faury
Author-Name: Yann Alix
Author-X-Name-First: Yann
Author-X-Name-Last: Alix
Author-Name: Nicolas Montier
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Montier
Title: From the USSR to the polar silk road: the rise of the strategic Russian Arctic port range
Abstract: 
 The development of Arctic ports was critical for the USSR and is still crucial for the Russian economy on account of its high dependence on oil and gas resources. National production zones are mainly located far from international consumption areas. Recent years have seen numerous projects in the Arctic with foreign direct investments which in turn have led to a consolidation of a new Russian Arctic Port Range. However, if some port and logistics’ achievements seem to be new, most structural project were already planned during the Soviet period. Based on AIS data and academic literature, our analysis aims to highlight the evolution of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) towards a complex infrastructure network with strategic and geopolitics’ purposes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 842-861
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867428
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867428
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:842-861




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junmei Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Junmei
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Author-Name: Elisabeth Paulet
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Paulet
Author-Name: Edina Eberhardt-Toth
Author-X-Name-First: Edina
Author-X-Name-Last: Eberhardt-Toth
Title: Chinese bank managers’ perceptions of barriers to the implementation of green credit in corporate loan decision-making
Abstract: 
 This paper clarifies the difficulties associated with green credit implementation by investigating 240 Chinese bank managers. We identify nine industry and organisational barriers. Our results provide evidence that different perceptions exist among managers of Chinese banks with different ownership structures and market shares. Due to their size, rural commercial banks suffer from higher organisational barriers than joint-stock commercial banks or state-controlled commercial banks. The training of employees and implementation costs of green credit also explain differences among Chinese bank managers’ perceptions. The findings provide important insight into promoting green credit implementation, particularly in identifying the challenges banks currently face according to their different ownership structures.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 920-936
Issue: 7
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:7:p:920-936




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Cole
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Cole
Author-Name: Mária Murray Svidroňová
Author-X-Name-First: Mária Murray
Author-X-Name-Last: Svidroňová
Title: Are small towns doomed to decline? The case of a post-socialist CEE country
Abstract: 
 It is a common belief that small towns of formerly socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are suffering a substantial decline due to the better offerings in bigger metropolitan areas and in western countries. This belief has been reinforced by a long transformation process: firstly, the transition from a command economy to capitalism and secondly, the move from manufacturing to service. To investigate this issue, a concentrated research on one territory was conducted, which gives a more intimate picture of the status of rural municipalities in a typical post-communist area of CEE. This information was compared to secondary historical and current data concerning economics, infrastructure, and demographics giving us a picture of the municipalities’ viability by creating a multi-criteria analysis. This research indicates that small towns are not suffering precipitous declines, which is a common belief.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1012-1034
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886786
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vasily Uzun
Author-X-Name-First: Vasily
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzun
Author-Name: Natalya Shagaida
Author-X-Name-First: Natalya
Author-X-Name-Last: Shagaida
Author-Name: Zvi Lerman
Author-X-Name-First: Zvi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lerman
Title: Russian agroholdings and their role in agriculture
Abstract: 
 Agroholdings have become a major player in Russian agriculture in less than two decades. Nevertheless, there is no legal definition of agroholding as an organisation, and no statistical information on agroholdings as a distinct category is collected. Only informal definitions exist, which regard agroholdings as groupings of agricultural enterprises linked into a single management network. The numerous publications on Russian agroholdings are mostly based on limited or sporadic data. This is the first study that assembles a full list of more than 1,000 agroholdings in Russia and analyses the corresponding data from official sources. The study examines the role of agroholdings in Russian agriculture and estimates some performance measures. We group all agricultural enterprises (corporate farms in their own right) in Russia into agroholding members and independent, non-member farms, and perform a comparative analysis of the two distinct organisational forms that are at the focus of Russian agricultural policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1035-1055
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886787
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grzegorz W. Kolodko
Author-X-Name-First: Grzegorz W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolodko
Title: Janos Kornai and his memorable work
Abstract: 
 Janos Kornai was the most outstanding economist from the socialist and post-socialist region in the last 50 years. He was a world-renowned scholar who left behind an immense legacy of works published in over 20 languages. His theory of systemic disequilibrium in a centrally planned economy, the concept of hard and soft budget constraints, and economic shortage were of revolutionary importance to the scientific interpretation of the processes of production, distribution and capital accumulation in state socialist economies. Also of note is the author’s work on political economy of socialism, which he taught at the Harvard University. When analysing the socialist system, Kornai essentially contented himself with a descriptive approach, whereas in works published after 1989 he focused his attention on normative economics, suggesting directions of structural reform, institution-building, and economic policy in post-socialist transition. Also of great importance is Kornai’s last book comparing the disequilibrium characterised by shortage in socialism with the disequilibrium typical of the surplus in capitalism. This article analyses the evolution of this outstanding economist’s theoretical thought and its impact on real economic processes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1056-1064
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2010177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2010177
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zoran Vaupot
Author-X-Name-First: Zoran
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaupot
Author-Name: Milena Fornazarič
Author-X-Name-First: Milena
Author-X-Name-Last: Fornazarič
Title: Press and informal institutions as FDI barriers: what changed in Slovenia between 1992 and 2018?
Abstract: 
 Over the last few decades, institutional theory has gained importance in research into the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). However, the role of informal institutions especially remains an under-exploited theme.With regard to the theoretical framework, we first summarise known findings about FDI barriers, institutions, and their role in the foreign investors’ decision-making processes. In the second part, we present results of our empirical analysis of press clippings from one of the leading Slovenian dailies for the selected years, 1992 and 2018. In Slovenia, the year 1992 was the first peaceful year after independence was gained and the year that privatisation legislation was adopted. In 2018 a great deal of public attention was focused on several incoming FDI projects.We propose conclusions concerning the change and influence of the press and selected informal institutions as FDI determinants in Slovenia between 1992 and 2018. The main conclusion is that there was a significant change during this period, and we try to explain this observation. The originality of the present research is the use of a combination of theoretical findings with empirical analysis, and the authors’ personal experiences of the two different periods of time in Slovenia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 993-1011
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886753
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Author-Name: Frode Nilssen
Author-X-Name-First: Frode
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilssen
Title: Russia’s changing role in the international agri-food system and why it matters
Abstract: 
 The Soviet Union was an irregular participant in the global food trade system and it entered the global market only when it needed to import grain. In the post-Soviet period, Russia continued its role as an importer, mainly meat products. In the past decade, Russia’s role in the international food trade system has changed from being a food importer to an importer and exporter. Russia has emerged as a major supplier of wheat to global markets, participating regularly in the trading system. In recent years, authoritarian states have become the main customers of Russian agri-food exports, which is important because Russian food may prevent the threat of food insecurity from combining with other grievances to cause social unrest or political instability in those illiberal states.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 939-968
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943914
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943914
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hubert Jayet
Author-X-Name-First: Hubert
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayet
Author-Name: Oleg Mariev
Author-X-Name-First: Oleg
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariev
Author-Name: Andrey Pushkarev
Author-X-Name-First: Andrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Pushkarev
Author-Name: Natalia Davidson
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidson
Title: Communist heritage and Russian firms’ location decisions
Abstract: 
 This paper contributes to research on enterprise formation by studying location decisions of Russian enterprises in various industries, taking into consideration the role of historical heritage, comparing firms created during the communist period to younger ones. We apply a negative binomial model and use the Ruslana database provided by the Bureau van Dijk. Our results show that firms created during the communist period have a specific structure, and that, once this specificity is taken into account, they do not differ from other firms with respect to their sensitivity to the main location factors (market potential, business risk, local human capital, and knowledge base). There are some differences across industries, including that firms in the high-tech and integrators industries are particularly sensitive to the knowledge base.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 969-992
Issue: 8
Volume: 33
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867447
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867447
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:33:y:2021:i:8:p:969-992




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Bolesta
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolesta
Title: From socialism to capitalism with communist characteristics: the building of a post-socialist developmental state in Central Asia
Abstract: 
 Many post-communist countries continue to search for their preferred genus of capitalism. During this process the Post-Socialist Developmental State (PSDS) became the dominant model of institutional arrangements and state policy in post-socialist East Asia. Upon embarking on a systemic transformation from socialism to capitalism, states such as China and Vietnam chose not to build a liberal model based on a free market and democracy. Instead, they chose to replicate the success stories of East Asia based on the historic concept of the developmental state. In their quest to build a post-communist capitalism, former Soviet republics of Central Asia, namely, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have also tried, to a varying degree, to instal their own version of PSDS, as they have maintained an authoritarian political system and despite the initial efforts at accelerating economic transformation, have maintained a gradual and incremental pace of reforms. In compliance with PSDS provisions, they have relied on state intervention and industrial policies and after post-socialist recession characteristic of many countries in transition, have finally managed to achieve an impressive developmental dynamics, almost commensurate with that of East Asian post-socialist developmental states.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 71-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1694350
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1694350
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilja Viktorov
Author-X-Name-First: Ilja
Author-X-Name-Last: Viktorov
Author-Name: Alexander Abramov
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Abramov
Title: The rise of collateral-based finance under state capitalism in Russia
Abstract: 
 The article examines emerging financial capitalism in Russia and its recent developments, the rise of collateralised finance and trading in repo markets. The main conclusion is that a combination of sophisticated speculative practices with a strong state presence in financial markets is a distinctive feature of Russia after 2008. The decoupling of the financial system from the credit supply to the real sector is still continuing after the collapse of Communism. The role of the capital markets is restricted to short-term liquidity management in money markets, which rose after 2011 due to an increased provision of state liquidity. The existence of a large monetary overhang accumulated within the Russian banking system and its interconnectedness with collateralised markets are discussed. The development stages of the repo markets and the main collateral types are considered in relation to the expansion of the state liquidity supply. This study provides an additional perspective within the ongoing debate on contemporary state capitalism in emerging markets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 15-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867426
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Galina Bannykh
Author-X-Name-First: Galina
Author-X-Name-Last: Bannykh
Author-Name: Svetlana Kostina
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana
Author-X-Name-Last: Kostina
Title: The state’s activity on the development of digital capitalism: evidence from Russia
Abstract: 
 Modern post-communist states outside the European Union (both Eastern European and Central Asian) are taking measures to progress to a new stage in the development of capitalism - digital. Russia is at the beginning of the path to digital capitalism due to the shorter time frame for the transition to market relations (after the 1990s) and different socio-political and economic conditions (the collapse of the administrative-command system). In the article, based on the use of modern theories of the development of capitalism, an analysis of state measures to develop such aspects of digital capitalism as an information society and a digital economy in Russia is conducted. The conclusion is drawn about the tendencies of monopoly and “nationalisation” in Russian digital capitalism. At the same time in the Russian Federation e-commerce, electronic media are actively developing, a very high level of Internet penetration, and the development of state digital services is stated.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 99-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867446
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867446
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miklós Szanyi
Author-X-Name-First: Miklós
Author-X-Name-Last: Szanyi
Title: The Emergence of Patronage and Changing Forms of Rent Seeking in East Central Europe
Abstract: 
 The foreign direct investment (FDI)-led development path of the East-Central European (ECE) countries has been queried most recently. Using mainly the evidence of Hungary and Poland the paper analyses one of the potential reasons of this strategic turn: the struggle between political elites. One elite was bound to the strong presence of multinational business and the institutions of the ‘competition state’. Their positions were challenged by another political elite that allied mainly with local bourgeoisie. One main arena of conflicts is the economy where political elites try to widen their influence in order to gain financial support. New forms of rent-seeking and corruption became possible after the V4 accession to the European Union (EU) when the flow of financial aid increased. Aid was channelled to partisan firms in public procurement tenders that made legal corruption possible. Political and social control over this practice declined with the demise of classic program parties’ role in politics and the raise of populist ‘business firm’ political parties.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 122-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1693738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1693738
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorina Rosca
Author-X-Name-First: Dorina
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosca
Title: The post-soviet Moldovan capitalism: between oligarchic political economy and reciprocity
Abstract: 
 This study is an analysis of the post-soviet Moldovan capitalism. It mobilises an interdisciplinary approach further to apprehend the system dynamics of the recent 30 years. An inquiry of the economic transformations in the 1990s is the key to understanding the system’s subsequent developments. The study emphasises the Karl Polanyi’s forms of economic integration reading grid to grasp the current Moldovan socio-economic system. It highlights the mixed nature of the Moldovan socio-economic system, where both reciprocity logic and oligarchic political economy converge. The reciprocity is enhanced by the emigration phenomenon and by the remittance economy and replaces the Moldovan state’s failed functions in terms of redistribution. Meanwhile, the collusion between the state and private sector strengthens the oligarchs’ control over key economic sectors. Thus, oligarchic political economy seizes the exchange and redistribution processes in society. As a result, the Moldovan capitalism consists in the convergence of these two imprinted logics on the dynamic of the system for two decades.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 52-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1793583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793583
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laszlo Csaba
Author-X-Name-First: Laszlo
Author-X-Name-Last: Csaba
Title: Unorthodoxy in Hungary: an illiberal success story?
Abstract: 
 This paper offers a political economy perspective of Hungary under the Orbán regime (2010–18). What specific variety of capitalism emerged from the series of centralising measures pertaining to property, banking, fiscal management and the division among various policy fields? We provide a functional overview of the Hungarian model of the market applying the varieties of capitalism framework. How far did it all succeed? The two hypotheses to be tested are (a) that incremental change translated into a new quality in 2010–18; and (b) that it were the uniquely favourable external conditions rather than institutional and policy innovations that explain less than exceptional outcomes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2019.1641949
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2019.1641949
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Fortescue
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortescue
Title: Territories of accelerated development: another case of policy failure in Russia?
Abstract: 
 Territories of accelerated development (TORs)1 are special economic zones originally devised to drive transformational economic development in the Russian Far East (RFE). They quickly came to be allowed also in monogoroda (one-company towns) throughout Russia, with reduced transformational expectations. The change in concept and implementation involved a complex and conflicted policy process, the analysis of which allows conclusions to be reached on the nature of the Russian policy process more broadly.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 246-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2029254
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2029254
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:2:p:246-266



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandru Minea
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandru
Author-X-Name-Last: Minea
Author-Name: Camélia Turcu
Author-X-Name-First: Camélia
Author-X-Name-Last: Turcu
Title: New challenges for fiscal policy in Central and Eastern Europe
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 143-148
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1940641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1940641
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Feldmann
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Feldmann
Author-Name: Mircea Popa
Author-X-Name-First: Mircea
Author-X-Name-Last: Popa
Title: Populism and economic policy: lessons from Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 A growing literature has identified a coherent economic model associated with populist governments in Central and Eastern Europe. This model runs counter to some aspects of the former neoliberal consensus in the region and to established theories of good governance. Considering three cases which are representative of these developments – Poland (since 2015), Hungary (since 2010), and Romania (2016–19) – we argue that a major unexplained puzzle is the relatively good economic performance of such governments. We develop three interrelated explanations for this apparent puzzle and test them using quantitative data. First, macroeconomic data show that the populist rhetoric of these parties is not associated with classical macroeconomic populism. Second, government accounting data show that public spending has been targeted towards specific groups and has not led to increasing tax burdens. Third, firm-level data on business confidence and institutional perceptions show no obvious negative effects associated with these governments.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 219-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2029253
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2029253
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Author-Name: Andreia Dionísio
Author-X-Name-First: Andreia
Author-X-Name-Last: Dionísio
Author-Name: Dora Almeida
Author-X-Name-First: Dora
Author-X-Name-Last: Almeida
Author-Name: Derick Quintino
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Quintino
Author-Name: Faheem Aslam
Author-X-Name-First: Faheem
Author-X-Name-Last: Aslam
Title: A new vision about the influence of major stock markets in CEEC indices: a bidirectional dynamic analysis using transfer entropy
Abstract: 
 This research work aims to understand the dynamics of influence among CEEC stock market indices and between these and the US, German, UK and Chinese indices. Through a nonlinear approach, based on transfer entropy, we find strongly influential relationships between some CEEC indices and the influencing nature of the US index stands out. In addition to the complexity of causality relationships, which has a limited compatibility with purely linear analyses, we also perceive an intensification in the leadership of the big 4 from the first quarter of 2020, which suggests that the pandemic crisis may be a factor for the intensification of influence from Chinese and US indices.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 267-282
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006498
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006498
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela Balutel
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Balutel
Author-Name: Marcel Cristian Voia
Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Cristian
Author-X-Name-Last: Voia
Title: The effects of bank levies post-financial crisis in Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 This article quantifies the effects of bank levies after the financial crisis for Central and Eastern European countries (Hungary, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) from a pooled perspective and country-specific perspective. The results of the analysis emphasise the importance of these bank levies as regulatory tools and the negative externalities they have on other relevant outcomes for the economy. In particular, while these taxes were mostly designed to increase the governments’ budgets, the additional revenues were marginal. They also had a significant negative impact on credit (especially on a short run) and affected foreign direct investment (FDI). The country-level results emphasise the heterogeneity of the impacts of these taxes on the analysed outcome, a heterogeneity that was driven by the way these levies were implemented.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 196-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886788
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandra-Claudia Grosu
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra-Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Grosu
Author-Name: Carmen Pintilescu
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Pintilescu
Author-Name: Bogdan Zugravu
Author-X-Name-First: Bogdan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zugravu
Title: Trends in public debt sustainability in Central and Eastern EU countries
Abstract: 
 The topic of public debt sustainability has been in the spotlight in the economic literature since the crisis of 2008. In this paper, we study governments’ reactions to the accumulation of debt from 11 CEECs, using annual data from 2000 to 2019. The empirical approach applied in the paper includes both panel data regression and time series estimations using penalised spline regression. We use a semi-parametric model with time-varying coefficients and we include in the model some variables that reflect both economic and institutional dimensions, which are particularly relevant in the case of CEECs. Empirical results show that only a few countries have pursued sustainable public debt policies. But the decreasing time path of the smooth term shows a weak sustainability policy, even for these countries. Our results emphasise that these countries’ authorities should place more importance on the stabilisation of public debt and should maintain prudent fiscal policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 173-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867431
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867431
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:2:p:173-195



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cezara Vinturis
Author-X-Name-First: Cezara
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinturis
Title: A multi-speed fiscal Europe? Fiscal rules and fiscal performance in the EU former communist countries
Abstract: 
 This paper shows that, contrary to their favourable effect in the EU non-FCC (Former Communist Countries), fiscal rules do not significantly affect fiscal performance in the group of EU FCC. This finding, which may echo differences between FCC and other EU inherited from the Cold War period, is robust when considering various estimation methods, dividing fiscal rules along various dimensions, and using several observed and computed measures of fiscal performance. However, when going beyond the simple presence of fiscal rules, we find that an improvement of the strength of fiscal rules significantly affects fiscal performance in EU FCC, with a magnitude higher than that in EU non-FCC. Our findings are particularly important from the perspective of the future Eurozone and EU enlargements, which involve former communist countries, and go along with the adoption of various types of fiscal rules.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 149-172
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2020.1867432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2020.1867432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:2:p:149-172

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rey Dang
Author-X-Name-First: Rey
Author-X-Name-Last: Dang
Author-Name: Lubica Hikkerova
Author-X-Name-First: Lubica
Author-X-Name-Last: Hikkerova
Author-Name: L’Hocine Houanti
Author-X-Name-First: L’Hocine
Author-X-Name-Last: Houanti
Author-Name: Nhu Tuyen Le
Author-X-Name-First: Nhu Tuyen
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Manh-Chien Vu
Author-X-Name-First: Manh-Chien
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu
Title: Does firm performance withstand the test of time? New evidence from a transactional economy
Abstract: 
 Few studies have examined how the age of a firm can influence its economic performance over time. This study fills that gap by examining this issue from a large and unique sample of Vietnamese listed companies. Overall, we find evidence of a U-shaped relationship between firm age and firm performance (an initially negative effect of firm age on firm performance before the positive returns of firm age are realised). Our main findings are consistent with the liability of the ‘market newness’ hypothesis.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 328-349
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886791
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao-Xiao Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-Xiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Yao-Yao Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yao-Yao
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Hui-Hui Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Hui-Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Guo-Liang Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Guo-Liang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Regional efficiency of the real estate industry in 35 large and medium-sized cities in China: a meta-frontier SBM approach
Abstract: 
 As the inputs of investment and employees in real estate sectors have continued to increase in recent years, it is crucial to study the evaluation of real estate performance. However, these rarely take the differentiation of the research objects into account, which easily causes deviations of empirical results. In order to obtain more authentic efficiency values, this study systematically analyses the regional real estate efficiency of 35 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2013 to 2017 based on the meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) with a slacks-based measure (SBM). Specifically, this study firstly simulates the production process by designing a three-stage dynamic DEA model and subsequently conducts a grouping analysis of the evaluated cities by introducing the meta-frontier framework. Through empirical analysis, we find that: (1) grouping regional efficiency evaluation is a modification of ungrouping efficiency; (2) the simulation of the real estate production process contributes to identifying the key problem which influences real estate efficiency; (3) government policy has a certain influence on the regional real estate sector in China. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed from three dimensions: the dimension of national macro policy; the dimension of policy implementation in local governments; and the dimension of management in real estate companies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 376-408
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886789
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabri Boubaker
Author-X-Name-First: Sabri
Author-X-Name-Last: Boubaker
Author-Name: Ly Kim Cuong
Author-X-Name-First: Ly Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Cuong
Author-Name: Nam Hoai Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Nam Hoai
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran
Title: Trade credit in transition economies: does state ownership matter?
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the effect of residual state ownership on trade credit in Vietnam. The empirical results show that a substantial withdrawal of the state from listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs) does not disturb these firms’ supply of and demand for trade credit, suggesting that trade credit is not a source of soft budget constraint and local privatisation programmes have not been motivated by efficiency. Privatisation seems to be a transitional phenomenon in a state-dominated economy that is inadequately supportive of private sector development and a poor legal system encouraging informal contracts. Interestingly, Vietnamese firms with more accounting conservatism, probably in response to their creditors’ increasing demand for financial reporting quality, are found to provide less trade credit, suggesting that adopting more conservative accounting arising from the government’s privatisation may be associated with firms’ better accessibility to bank credit.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 293-327
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:3:p:293-327



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Michel Sahut
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahut
Author-Name: Frédéric Teulon
Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric
Author-X-Name-Last: Teulon
Title: The challenges of the transition to market economies for post-communist East Asian countries
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 283-292
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1886792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1886792
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:3:p:283-292



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiril Simeonovski
Author-X-Name-First: Kiril
Author-X-Name-Last: Simeonovski
Author-Name: Filip Fidanoski
Author-X-Name-First: Filip
Author-X-Name-Last: Fidanoski
Author-Name: Mihail Petkovski
Author-X-Name-First: Mihail
Author-X-Name-Last: Petkovski
Author-Name: Bruno S. Sergi
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sergi
Title: Debt-growth link after an economic crisis: The case of Central and Southeast Europe
Abstract: 
 This paper examines government debt’s effect on economic growth on a sample of 16 countries from Central and Southeast Europe for the period 2009–2018 period. We develop a non-linear dynamic panel-regression model. The findings point out to concavity of the growth function with respect to government debt. The estimates from the baseline model determine the debt threshold at the level of 77.3% of GDP, while the debt threshold ranges from 69.4 to 74.1% of GDP when the primary and overall budget balances are included as covariates. The GMM estimates that we make to deal with potential endogeneity determine the debt threshold at the level of 78.9% of GDP when there are no covariates, while the debt threshold ranges from 75.8 to 80.7% of GDP when the gross fixed capital formation and employment are added as covariates.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 409-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:3:p:409-422



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dao Ha
Author-X-Name-First: Dao
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha
Author-Name: Phuong Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Phuong
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Duc Khuong Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Duc Khuong
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Ahmet Sensoy
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmet
Author-X-Name-Last: Sensoy
Title: Early warning systems for currency and systemic banking crises in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This paper introduces a new early warning system (EWS) for currency and systemic banking crises in emerging and frontier emerging markets, which combines the methods of Signal, Logit/Probit, BMA, and 2SLS. We apply this framework to the case of Vietnam, a fast-growing and leading frontier emerging market. Using data covering the period from January 2002 to December 2016, our EWS suggests a low crisis probability for the 2017–2018 period. The empirical results also reveal the importance of eight key indicators, namely securities index, real effective exchange rate, exports, M2/reserves, bank deposits, reserves, M2 multiplier and the impact of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis in the success of the new EWS. Our results support the earlier findings on i) the impact of dollarisation on currency crises and ii) the impact of the global financial crisis on both currency and systemic banking crises in Vietnam.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 350-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1965362
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1965362
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thi Bich Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Thi Bich
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran
Author-Name: Hai Anh La
Author-X-Name-First: Hai Anh
Author-X-Name-Last: La
Title: Participation, transparency and trust in local governance in transitional countries: the case of Vietnam
Abstract: 
 The cynicism about government has induced administration reforms in both developed and transitional countries. However, the reform outcomes are not similar across countries and depend on the administrative context. In this paper, we employ the cultural-based administration approach to investigate the role of trust in citizen participation and the linking between participation and transparency in Vietnam. Using aggregated data at the district level from the Public Administration Performance Index in Vietnam in 2018–19 and considering the two-way association issue, we find that transparency is not always indicative of participation and trust is shown to be an important determinant of public participation. Furthermore, in addition to normative factors such as education levels and the proportion of rural citizens, trust plays a significant role in explaining the inverse relationship between participation and transparency. Our results contribute one more empirical evidence to the scarce literature that embeds the administration culture analysing administrative reform outcomes in transitional countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 478-498
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006493
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elodie Mania
Author-X-Name-First: Elodie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mania
Author-Name: Arsène Rieber
Author-X-Name-First: Arsène
Author-X-Name-Last: Rieber
Author-Name: Thi Anh-Dao Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Thi
Author-X-Name-Last: Anh-Dao Tran
Title: Two sides of the same coin? Viet Nam’s macro resilience under trade-led growth
Abstract: 
 Viet Nam is following the successive waves of rapid industrialisation in Asia by implementing an export-oriented growth strategy. The country is strongly integrated into global value chains. However, a key concern is whether such trade-led growth is sustainable in the long run and resilient to global shocks.Drawing on a multi-country balance-of-payments-constrained growth model, our objective in the present paper is threefold. Firstly, we examine Viet Nam’s growth performance over the past 30 years of transition and integration. More specifically, we measure the respective contribution of partner areas to its external constraint. Secondly, we analyse how and through which transmission channels the changing geography of international trade has impacted the balance-of-payments-constrained growth rate before and after Viet Nam joined the WTO in 2007. A decomposition of the external constraint into different factors from different sources is proposed in order to assess the outcomes of WTO accession. Lastly, we assess the country’s ability to face the current Covid-19 pandemic. Given its deep integration into the global economy, the geography of trade relations is critical in determining Viet Nam’s vulnerability. This corroborates recent development studies that make a case for partner diversification and growth re-orientation in order to build macro resilience.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 445-477
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006483
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huong Trang Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Huong Trang
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: On the relationship between managers’ preferences and debt financing: evidence from Vietnamese firms
Abstract: 
 This study attempts to investigate risk and time preferences of top managers to see if there is a link between managers’ traits and debt-financing behaviours of firms. Accordingly, we conduct an experimental study with a sample of 623 top managers from Vietnamese textile and garment firms. We find strong evidence that firms led by loss-averse managers are less likely to access both foreign and domestic debt, while debt level is substantially lower for firms led by impatient managers. It is worth noting that our study sheds further light on the current literature by providing evidence that managers’ preferences have significant impact on debt-financing behaviour of SMEs, but their effects on large firms are very modest.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 423-444
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1918958
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1918958
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hiep Ngoc Luu
Author-X-Name-First: Hiep Ngoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Luu
Author-Name: Minh Ngoc Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Minh Ngoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Hieu Thanh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Hieu Thanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: The Impact of Recentralisation on FDI: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment
Abstract: 
 Although decentralised governance has been one of the most salient political regimes worldwide over the past few decades, many countries have started to realise various shortcomings associated with their decentralisation process. As a consequence, a number of central governments have attempted to pursue recentralisation reforms in order to reclaim authority from the localities. This government reform can lead to significant changes in institutional arrangements, and subsequently, may influence various aspects of socio-economic activities. However, the real impact of recentralisation reform still remains ambiguous. In this paper, we examine how recentralisation may affect foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. We exploit the pilot recentralisation reform that temporarily abolished the intermediate legislative branches in some provinces in Vietnam as a quasi-natural experiment. The result shows that recentralisation leads to a significant reduction in FDI inflows. Our results are robust to a number of sensitivity analyses and falsification tests. Overall, our findings contribute to the literature on the determinants of FDI and provide new evidence on the real effect of recentralisation reform.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 543-563
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2029252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2029252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:4:p:543-563



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jifeng Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Jifeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Title: An examination of the relationship between implicit taxes and market structure: Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Abstract: 
 An implicit tax is a reduction in the pre-tax rate of return driven by tax preferences on an investment. The extant research demonstrates existence of implicit taxes at corporate level, but prior studies have drawbacks in tax preferences measure. This study takes the unique advantage of Chinese corporate tax rate preference setting to address research method problems. By employing the propensity score matching and multivariate regression analysis, we demonstrate the existence of implicit taxes in Chinese listed firms and the market structure impedes the realisation of implicit taxes. The market power and market concentration reduce the negative effect of tax preferences on the firm’s pre-tax rate of return.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 499-519
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006494
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006494
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:4:p:499-519



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meng Li
Author-X-Name-First: Meng
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Li Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Effects of public pensions on elderly poverty: insights from an ageing China
Abstract: 
 While the problem of elderly poverty in China has been addressed in many studies, few systematically examine the capacity of public pension benefits to reduce poverty. To fill the research gap, this paper aims to understand better the effect of China’s public pensions on poverty relief. The paper shows that, while the majority of Chinese people have been covered by public pensions, the pension that pertains to those outside the formal labour market does not effectively prevent substantial numbers of pensioners from poverty because of pension inadequacy. The phenomenon of pensioner poverty suggests that, to minimise poverty in old-age, as important as expanding pension coverage is guaranteeing pension adequacy, particularly for the informal workforce. China’s experience for tackling elderly poverty through public pensions may provide insights for other countries considering the expansion of pension coverage.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 520-542
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:4:p:520-542

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_1954825_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Author-Name: Vinícius G. Rodrigues Vieira
Author-X-Name-First: Vinícius G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues Vieira
Author-Name: Jale Tosun
Author-X-Name-First: Jale
Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun
Title: The impact of new actors in global environmental politics: the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development meets China
Abstract: 
 Since its inception in 1991, the EBRD has had a strong environmental agenda, which it ‘exported’ to post-Communist Europe and Asia. We posit that the post-Soviet states have decreased their carbon emissions more than the average states borrowing from the EBRD as they were more affected by the economic crisis associated with the end of the Soviet Union. However, the post-Soviet states have also been approached by China through a number of regional initiatives launched across Eurasia. Therefore, we further hypothesise that states borrowing from the EBRD that have been aligned with China have higher carbon emissions. We employ a sample of 32 states that borrowed from the EBRD between 1991 and 2015. Through panel-data linear regressions with heteroscedasticity-corrected robust standard errors, we corroborate our hypotheses. This study contributes to a better understanding of new actors in global environmental politics and their role in sustainable development in Eurasia and beyond.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 603-623
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1954825
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1954825
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_1965358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jānis Brizga
Author-X-Name-First: Jānis
Author-X-Name-Last: Brizga
Author-Name: Māris Jurušs
Author-X-Name-First: Māris
Author-X-Name-Last: Jurušs
Author-Name: Baiba Šmite-Roķe
Author-X-Name-First: Baiba
Author-X-Name-Last: Šmite-Roķe
Title: Impact of the environmental taxes on reduction of emission from transport in Latvia
Abstract: 
 Transport has a significant contribution to climate change and many post-Soviet republics, including Latvia, struggle to decrease these emissions to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In this paper, we have focused on the assessment of environmental taxes (energy, transport) as the most important economic instrument used in Latvia’s environmental policy to reduce transport-related emissions and predict road transport decarbonisation pathways using the regression analyses. The results show that existing environmental taxes in Latvia reduce transport emissions and also have a significant fiscal impact. The research confirms that fuel consumption has the most significant effect on transport emissions. To achieve a decarbonisation target, a significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption is required. This can be achieved by increasing taxes on fuel, supporting environmentally friendly infrastructure as well as increasing motivation for electric car use and social innovation (e.g. modal shift, car-pooling, teleconferencing) to decrease the demand for mobility.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 666-683
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1965358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1965358
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_1965359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Khurshid Djalilov
Author-X-Name-First: Khurshid
Author-X-Name-Last: Djalilov
Author-Name: Christopher Hartwell
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartwell
Title: Do social and environmental capabilities improve bank stability? Evidence from transition countries
Abstract: 
 Financial institutions have embraced the idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) over the past decade, particularly in the banking sector, even as they have faced challenges in their core business model and an uncertain economic environment. Has the addition of CSR helped banks in their effort to become more stable via diversification, or has it squandered resources which could be utilised elsewhere? Using a sample of 319 commercial banks from 21 transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union from 2002 to 2014, we find that there is a heterogeneous effect of CSR on bank stability, with total commitment to CSR contributing to the stability the most. Environmental capabilities, on the other hand, appear to influence stability only for those firms which are already the highest performing. We conjecture that, for financial sector firms in a transition environment, CSR is a further commitment for firms which have attained a certain level of stability but can be destabilising for weaker banks.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 624-646
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1965359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1965359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_1954824_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Stephen G. F. Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen G. F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Author-Name: Tobias Lenz
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenz
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Environmental commitments and rhetoric over the Pandemic crisis: social media and legitimation of the AIIB, the EAEU, and the EU
Abstract: 
 How do international organisations (IOs) legitimise their right to rule in times of a Pandemic? Where are their previously made environmental commitments on their agenda during a crisis? What are the differences in self-legitimation, if any, across different types of IOs? These questions have gathered renewed urgency during the ongoing COVID-19 and climate change crises posing a threat to the legitimacy not only of national governments but also of IOs. The paper aims to address these questions through the analysis of environmental commitments made in legal documents of three IOs (the EU, the EAEU, and the AIIB) and through the analysis of their respective social media between 2017 and 2021. Among other issues, we find significant differences in self-legitimation strategies of these three IOs as reflected by their social media and some evidence of mimicry across these IOs that should remain on the agenda for further studies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 577-602
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1954824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1954824
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_2028477_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Global environmental politics and international organizations: the Eurasian and European experience
Abstract: 
 The literature on environmental politics and regional governance has mainly been dedicated to the role played by the European Union (EU). The analysis of environmental agenda and politics of other regional international organisations (IOs) remained in the shadows compared to studies of European actors. This special issue aims to address the following questions: How do various regional IOs matter in promoting and sustaining an environmental agenda? What challenges do they face? The first perspective developed in this Forward to special issue looks into European IOs comparatively to Eurasian IOs. The second perspective unfolds various environmental issues within the EU and across post-Communist EU members and candidate states. The analysis of these two perspectives discloses multiple dimensions in the nexus of political and economic developments, and contribute to better understanding of the role of IOs in sustainable development.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 565-576
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2028477
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2028477
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CPCE_A_1965361_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Aron Buzogány
Author-X-Name-First: Aron
Author-X-Name-Last: Buzogány
Author-Name: Benedetta Cotta
Author-X-Name-First: Benedetta
Author-X-Name-Last: Cotta
Title: Post-accession backsliding and European Union environmental policies
Abstract: 
 An environmental frontrunner in the Central and Eastern European regions since the late 1990s, Hungary followed a gradual but steady approximation progress to the EU environmental legislation. Previous research established an important role of the participation of economic and societal stakeholders in the decision-making and implementation process based on EU environmental legislation in Hungary. With the victory of the FIDESZ party in the parliamentary elections of 2010, the new government started to change the ‘rules of the game’ by nationalising infrastructures and weakening market access to foreign stakeholders. Focusing on the water and waste management sectors, the article analyzes the stages that brought Hungary to the recent governments’ policy changes. We argue that these changes have departed from the environmental policy practices established during the EU accession process and represent a challenge and a potential backsliding in the implementation of the EU environmental legislation in Hungary. Such changes in policy policies need to be seen in the context of the recent transformation of the political order and of the state–market relations in Hungary.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 647-665
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1965361
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1965361
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mile Mišić
Author-X-Name-First: Mile
Author-X-Name-Last: Mišić
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Environmental conflict, renewable energy, or both? Public opinion on small hydropower plants in Serbia
Abstract: 
 Small hydropower plants (SHPs), despite being a renewable energy source, could have negative environmental effects. Nonetheless, many countries have promoted and subsidised them, leading to a rise in the number of environmental conflicts. How was the issue of SHPs framed in Serbia by the proponents and the opponents? How did the framing strategy change over time and why? And which factors increased attention to the topic, eventually leading a change of governmental policy? To address these questions, we analyse the Serbian mass media’s environmental framing of SHPs and conduct a content analysis of 359 articles written between 2000–2020 and published by major national online newspapers and news portals. We use the Discourse Network Analyser to demonstrate changes in framing strategies that, together with increased public pressure, contributed to a re-evaluation of the impact of SHPs and ultimately changed the government’s and the public’s standing on this issue.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 684-713
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943928
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:34:y:2022:i:5:p:684-713

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# input file: CPCE_A_2006491_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Hazwan Haini
Author-X-Name-First: Hazwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Haini
Author-Name: Pang Wei Loon
Author-X-Name-First: Pang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei Loon
Title: Examining the impact of government spending on the finance-growth nexus: evidence from post-communist economies
Abstract: 
 This study examines the impact of government spending on the finance-growth nexus in 27 post-communist economies from 1995 to 2017 using dynamic panel estimators. Many transitional economies have attempted to reduce the influence of government intervention during their early transitional period while reforming their respective financial sectors. The findings show that overall financial development is positive to growth, while government spending has a negative impact on growth. More importantly, the marginal effects of financial development are positive to growth at low levels of government spending. In contrast, at high levels of government spending, financial development has a negative relationship to growth. Focusing on different aspects of financial development, the findings show that financial access and efficiency are more effective at stimulating growth compared to financial depth. Post-communist economies should ensure that government spending should not crowd out the financial sector, and promote financial efficiency and accessibility.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 756-778
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006491
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943913_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Péter Ákos Bod
Author-X-Name-First: Péter Ákos
Author-X-Name-Last: Bod
Title: Does a ‘reform’ socialist legacy serve as an asset or a liability for democratic transformation? Considering some roots of ‘Orbanism’
Abstract: 
 A commonly held assumption in the transition literature suggests that earlier successes with reforms in Central and East European countries would serve as an asset when the regime changed. Taking Hungary as a case in point, the author revisits the legacies from pre-transition period, calling for differentiating between short and long-term effects of the reform legacy. Emphasised is that Western stakeholders tended to misjudge the starting position of transition nations, generally. This inquiry exposes the role of institutions of democracy, market order, and rule of law in socio-economic transformation, highlighting the contradiction between formal institutional conformity with EU rules and the diverging tendencies in some countries concerning substance of market (e.g. competition) and liberal democracy (checks and balances, separation of constitutional branches). The Hungarian case assists in explaining the emergence of symptoms of a crony state, and the seemingly high-level of tolerance for organised corruption and favouritism.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 736-755
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943913
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# input file: CPCE_A_2028476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ingerid M. Opdahl
Author-X-Name-First: Ingerid M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Opdahl
Title: Enlisting oil and gas companies for Russia’s Arctic development. Implementation in a rent-based political economy
Abstract: 
 Oil and gas extraction remains a cornerstone in Russia’s development plans for the Arctic Zone, even as there are considerable constraints on new projects. But what does it take to implement hydrocarbon-based regional development in a rent-based political economy? This paper employs a case study of interaction between state and business actors over hydrocarbon-based cargo traffic for the Northern Sea Route to show how Russia’s elites respond to constraints on Arctic development. It is argued that aims of development and of national interest protection enable the state to enlist companies when implementing high-level priorities. This happens when state actors mobilise major companies, using their privileges in the limited access order context as incentives. This route to implementation of regional developmental aims reinforces Russia’s current oil and gas-based development model as a future model for the Arctic Zone.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 715-735
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2028476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2028476
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# input file: CPCE_A_2006495_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Elchin Aghazada
Author-X-Name-First: Elchin
Author-X-Name-Last: Aghazada
Author-Name: Gaygysyz Ashyrov
Author-X-Name-First: Gaygysyz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashyrov
Title: Role of institutions in the corruption and firm innovation nexus: evidence from former Soviet Union countries
Abstract: 
 In view of the missing consensus on how corruption relates to firm innovation, this paper empirically studies the relationship between petty corruption and product, process, marketing and organisational innovations in the former Soviet Union region. Exploiting cross-sectional firm-level data from the fifth round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, the paper argues that institutional context has utmost importance when approaching this link. Probit estimations for a full sample of former Soviet Union countries indicate a positive link between bribes and firm innovation. Considering variations in institutional development levels, the paper distinguishes three clusters of countries within the region with respect to the quality of institutional structures based on Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) data from the World Bank. The results reveal that the grease-the-wheel effect of bribery on firm innovation strongly remains in countries with weak institutional quality. To explore this link further, this paper made several additional estimations and robustness checks.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 779-806
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006495
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006495
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# input file: CPCE_A_2006497_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ruohan Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Ruohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Financial constraints and firms’ innovation activities in post-communist economies
Abstract: 
 We acquired firm-level data from 27 post-communist economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia during 2002–08, and we estimated financial constraints’ longitudinal impacts on firms’ innovating activities. Overall, we found financial constraints to significantly impede firms’ innovation input and output, as we had expected. Through further studies, we also found the impacts of financial constraints to be contingent on multiple factors, such as an overall economy’s development level and firms’ exporting statuses. After grouping firms based on their countries’ income levels, we found financial constraints to significantly reduce innovations in developing countries, but not in developed countries. Meanwhile, we found financial constraints to significantly impede innovations in non-exporting firms, but not in exporting firms. On an extended timeline, financial constraints still significantly affect firms’ long-term innovation outputs, but not inputs.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 807-834
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.2006497
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.2006497
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# input file: CPCE_A_1965360_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Raufhon Salahodjaev
Author-X-Name-First: Raufhon
Author-X-Name-Last: Salahodjaev
Author-Name: Arletta Isaeva
Author-X-Name-First: Arletta
Author-X-Name-Last: Isaeva
Title: Post-Soviet states and CO2 emissions: the role of foreign direct investment
Abstract: 
 Natural resource abundance, growth-oriented strategies and low environmental concern of post-Soviet states may exacerbate the consequences of climate change significantly. This study considers the relationship between CO2 emissions, economic development, foreign investment inflows, trade and energy use in 20 post-Soviet states between 1995 and 2017. A panel cointegration test reveals the long-term cointegrating relationship between the variables. Long-term elasticities are reported using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares regressions, which yield quite similar results: GDP per capita, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, trade and energy use positively related to CO2 emissions per capita in the long term. A panel causality test, however, identifies unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions to energy use at p<0.01. In other words, greater economic activity in terms of foreign capital inflows, larger trade shares, extensive energy use and economic development, harm the environment through increasing CO2 emissions and strengthen the need for greater environmental and climate change concerns. The study aims to contribute to this Special Issue through accounting for the role of foreign direct investment and foreign trade in the sustainable development of post-Soviet states.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 944-965
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1965360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1965360
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943916_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Marianna Poberezhskaya
Author-X-Name-First: Marianna
Author-X-Name-Last: Poberezhskaya
Author-Name: Alina Bychkova
Author-X-Name-First: Alina
Author-X-Name-Last: Bychkova
Title: Kazakhstan’s climate change policy: reflecting national strength, green economy aspirations and international agenda
Abstract: 
 This article looks at how Kazakhstan’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels and its political context shape national discourse on climate change. Based on extensive analysis of the country’s strategic documents and expert interviews, we argue that although Kazakhstan’s economy relies on fossil fuels, the government is keen to promote sustainable development to attract international investments and advance its image as a ‘strong state’ for the domestic audience, and as a progressive and reliable partner for the international audience. Whilst there is little evidence of ‘post-colonial’ rhetoric appearing in Kazakhstan’s official climate change discourse, the state’s past is evident in its instrumental approach to environmental issues which in turn translates into inconsistencies in its climate change policy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 894-915
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943916
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943915_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Arthur L. Demchuk
Author-X-Name-First: Arthur L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Demchuk
Author-Name: Mile Mišić
Author-X-Name-First: Mile
Author-X-Name-Last: Mišić
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Author-Name: Jale Tosun
Author-X-Name-First: Jale
Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun
Title: Environmental conflict management: a comparative cross-cultural perspective of China and Russia
Abstract: 
 How are environmental conflicts managed in China and Russia? Both states are territorially large non-democracies affected by environmental degradation due to industrialisation and economic growth, and both are characterised by collectivist culture resulting from pronounced historical legacies and Communism. Our analysis of China indicates the important role played by local governments often supporting local people; and role of the negotiation between the central and the local governments. In contrast, in Russia local governments ally with businesses involved in environmental conflicts; or tend to support central government view on the conflict. However, the environmentalists’ movements in Russia are better connected to external (international) support. In contrast, China exhibits more isolation of environmental movements that are less influenced by Western environmentalism, if at all. The paper aspires to bring further insights in understanding of the public environmentalism and management of environmental conflicts in Eurasia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 871-893
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943915
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# input file: CPCE_A_1964742_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jale Tosun
Author-X-Name-First: Jale
Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun
Author-Name: Karina Shyrokykh
Author-X-Name-First: Karina
Author-X-Name-Last: Shyrokykh
Title: Leadership in high-level forums on energy governance: China and Russia compared
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the participation of China and Russia in the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM). In which policy initiatives have these two countries participated? In which initiatives have they taken the lead? Building on the club theory and international relations literature, we approach the research questions by offering an in-depth analysis of the policy dynamics inside the CEM. From a theoretical viewpoint, we posit that China has been more active in the CEM than Russia, which our empirical analysis confirms. However, Russia has also been involved in several CEM initiatives. Concerning leadership, China has demonstrated a greater interest in playing that role than Russia. We conclude that, overall, China makes a better strategic use of the CEM in terms of gathering information and developing networks with other member states as well as private actors in order to implement measures for overcoming the challenges of clean energy transition.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 847-870
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1964742
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1964742
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943917_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ksenija Hanaček
Author-X-Name-First: Ksenija
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanaček
Author-Name: Joan Martinez-Alier
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez-Alier
Title: Nuclear supply chain and environmental justice struggles in Soviet and Post-Soviet countries
Abstract: 
 This article addresses and contributes to the discussion on nuclear supply chain socio-environmental conflicts in Soviet and post-Soviet contexts by bringing it together with nuclear peripheralization and environmental justice approaches. Descriptive statistics and qualitative coding were applied to 14 cases identified in the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice. Visible protests were first detected in 1976. The cases analysed comprise the whole nuclear supply chain; uranium mining bans, stopping nuclear reactors, and nuclear testing bans. Seven of the conflictive projects have been suspended by neighbours, citizens and communities, women, industrial workers, and Indigenous groups. However, nuclear projects remain of ongoing concern related to nuclear waste and potential nuclear accidents. Military violence intrinsic to nuclear power domination encounters anti-nuclear resistance in areas where nuclear socio-environmental legacies and current injustices are lived.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 966-994
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943917
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943918_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ilya A. Stepanov
Author-X-Name-First: Ilya A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stepanov
Author-Name: Igor A. Makarov
Author-X-Name-First: Igor A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Makarov
Title: Greenhouse gas emissions regulation in fossil fuels exporting countries: opportunities and challenges for Russia
Abstract: 
 A carbon price is considered the most cost-efficient greenhouse gas emissions reduction tool often used as part of a climate policy. However, Russia and the other countries rich in fossil fuels tend to have weak incentives for proactive climate policies including carbon pricing which may lead to falling revenues in emitting industries. Can the carbon price be implemented as part of the development strategy in fossil fuel exporting countries, including Russia? The paper analyzes the variety of existing approaches to applying the carbon price across various energy exporting economies. The paper contributes to the existing literature with the analysis of challenges and opportunities of carbon pricing in these countries and proposes key principles of a viable carbon pricing system in Russia. These principles are (a) balanced emissions coverage and support of vulnerable industries and social groups, (b) fiscal neutrality, (c) gradualness of implementation and (d) use of carbon offsets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 916-943
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943918
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# input file: CPCE_A_2028478_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anastassia Obydenkova
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassia
Author-X-Name-Last: Obydenkova
Title: Strategies and challenges of sustainable development in Eurasia
Abstract: 
 While supporting the values and goals of sustainable development at the international level, states might employ very different strategies at the national level. The goal of this Forward and of special issue is twofold. First, it aims to advance our understanding of different strategies, paying special attention to China and Russia at global, national, and sub-national levels. Thus, analysis of their strategies across different levels presents a more rounded picture. The second goal is to identify at least a few of the most pressing challenges of sustainable development across Eurasia (e.g. nuclear supply chain, emissions, environmental conflict management) and to attempt to understand their triggers, outcomes, and potential solutions. This Forward aspires to develop a better dialogue across different sets of literature in area studies, environmental politics, and international relations to improve our understanding of obstacles to sustainable development in Eurasia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 835-846
Issue: 7
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2028478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2028478
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# input file: CPCE_A_2079058_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anna Pilková
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Pilková
Author-Name: Juraj Mikuš
Author-X-Name-First: Juraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikuš
Author-Name: Ján Rehák
Author-X-Name-First: Ján
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehák
Author-Name: Peter Pšenák
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Pšenák
Title: Differences and similarities between key drivers of youth and senior starting entrepreneurs in Central and Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 In Central and Eastern European countries, the generational gap between youth and seniors involved in entrepreneurship is a pending issue, yet the research covering the particularities of this problem is sparse. This article contributes to covering the gap in the literature by a/ studying key entrepreneurial factors that influence both the youth and seniors’ early-stage entrepreneurial activity in the CEE region; b/ identifying the key differences and similarities of studied age cohorts as a basis for further research and formulation of entrepreneurial policies. In this research paper, we use the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data. We employ multiple linear regression and ANOVA analysis. Our research suggests that well-designed government programmes in CEE countries are significant drivers for both age cohorts to improve their early-stage entrepreneurial activity. The historical background has a limited impact on youth in CEE countries while a weakening influence on seniors.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1054-1082
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2079058
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2079058
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943912_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Michael Fritsch
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritsch
Author-Name: Maria Greve
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Greve
Author-Name: Michael Wyrwich
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Wyrwich
Title: One transition story does not fit them all: initial regional conditions and new business formation after communism
Abstract: 
 We investigate the reasons for the pronounced regional differences of new business formation after the transformation from a centrally planned system to a market economy in East Germany. Relatively high start-up rates are found in regions that had a well-qualified workforce and a relatively high share of self-employment left over at the end of the communist period. This also holds for high-tech manufacturing start-ups. Based on our conclusion that policy should account for these initial regional conditions, we use a measure of the regional knowledge base and self-employment at the end of the communist period to introduce a classification of regions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1001-1028
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943912
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# input file: CPCE_A_1915072_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Małgorzata Wosiek
Author-X-Name-First: Małgorzata
Author-X-Name-Last: Wosiek
Author-Name: Adam Czudec
Author-X-Name-First: Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Czudec
Author-Name: Ryszard Kata
Author-X-Name-First: Ryszard
Author-X-Name-Last: Kata
Title: Relationship between unemployment and new business registrations at the local level: the case of Poland
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the impact of local unemployment rate on new business registrations in different branches of service sector in Poland between 2003 and 2018. This relationship was verified using panel data methods (fixed effect Driscoll-Kraay estimators and panel VAR estimators). Additionally, the research approach involves considering local determinants which impact the relationship between unemployment and the entrepreneurship dynamic. The research results indicate a positive relationship between rising unemployment and the increase in the number of new operational and knowledge-based business-oriented service businesses in Poland between 2003 and 2018. Service sector, thus, is exposed to a relatively large presence of necessity entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study reveals the intra-regional territorial variation in terms of unemployment push effect with lower elasticity of the gross entry rate against unemployment in cities with poviat rights (where there are more incentives for entrepreneurial activity).
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1083-1108
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1915072
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1915072
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# input file: CPCE_A_2108244_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Stepan Zemtsov
Author-X-Name-First: Stepan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zemtsov
Author-Name: Yulia Tsareva
Author-X-Name-First: Yulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsareva
Author-Name: Vera A. Barinova
Author-X-Name-First: Vera A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barinova
Author-Name: Maksim Belitski
Author-X-Name-First: Maksim
Author-X-Name-Last: Belitski
Author-Name: Alexander N. Krasnoselskikh
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Krasnoselskikh
Title: Small business in Russia: institutions, market potential, taxes and digitalization
Abstract: 
 In this paper we use an institutional approach and apply a regional perspective to explore how market potential, formal institutions, taxes, access to finance, regional policy instruments, and digitalization have affected small business activity in 83 Russian regions during 2008–2018. We use various regional data sources and official statistics to study the effects of regional business environments on entrepreneurship. Our results suggest that Russia’s business environment, including policy measures in taxation, is important in explaining small business activity, however digital transformation and the role of market potential can be better controlled by entrepreneurs in terms of what skills to learn and where to locate their businesses. In addition, we discuss the effect of exogenous shocks and changes in the business environment, along with dynamics, challenges, and perspectives of entrepreneurship in Russia.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1029-1053
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2108244
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2108244
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# input file: CPCE_A_1943911_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Wanda Dugiel
Author-X-Name-First: Wanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Dugiel
Author-Name: Anna Golejewska
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Golejewska
Author-Name: Tomasz Skica
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Skica
Author-Name: Anna Zamojska
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Zamojska
Author-Name: Adriana Zabłocka-Abi Yaghi
Author-X-Name-First: Adriana Zabłocka-Abi
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaghi
Title: Firm-level additionality effects of investments and employment tax credits in Polish Special Economic Zones
Abstract: 
 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have become an increasingly popular instrument of public intervention over the last decades. The additionality effects of the intervention are crucial term of policy evaluation. In the context of the SEZs scheme it allows to determine at the firm-level to what extent the tax credits encourage firms to invest more and employ more than they otherwise would have done. Due to the specific mechanism of granting tax relief to firms within the SEZs scheme in Poland, a generalisation of the difference-in-difference estimator was applied as an estimation method.The main findings of our research looks as follows: first, the regional tax credits for companies operating in SEZs have positive effect on the fixed assets; second, the total regional tax credits (i.e. without distinguishing between employment and investment tax credits) have a much stronger contemporaneous effect on fixed assets than the investment tax credits alone; third, the regional tax credits do not change the company’s behaviour in terms of employment.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1137-1152
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1943911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1943911
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Adnan Efendic
Author-X-Name-First: Adnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Efendic
Author-Name: Michael Fritsch
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Fritsch
Author-Name: Tomasz Mickiewicz
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Mickiewicz
Author-Name: Tomasz Skica
Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz
Author-X-Name-Last: Skica
Title: Entrepreneurship and local development in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe – new challenges are ahead: editorial
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 995-1000
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104502
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# input file: CPCE_A_1928825_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jan Brzozowski
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzozowski
Author-Name: Ružica Šimić Banović
Author-X-Name-First: Ružica
Author-X-Name-Last: Šimić Banović
Author-Name: Mirela Alpeza
Author-X-Name-First: Mirela
Author-X-Name-Last: Alpeza
Title: Overcoming constraints to immigrant entrepreneurship in Croatia: the role of formal and informal institutions
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the role of socio-institutional constraints to immigrant entrepreneurship in post-communist countries of the Balkans. The study focuses on Croatia, a country where the immigrant population is still limited, but due to recent EU membership and sustained economic growth, it is expected to increase soon. The article draws upon a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with immigrant entrepreneurs and relevant stakeholders (including NGOs and research institutes’ representatives). The findings contribute to the mixed embeddedness and institutional theories, as the study demonstrates a growing potential of immigrant entrepreneurship in Croatia, but also persistent barriers connected both with formal and informal institutions in the country. Interestingly, the informal institutions often present even a bigger obstacle for entrepreneurs originating from less developed, non-European countries than the formal ones. This finding indicates a moderating role of social and cultural capital in assessing informal institutions. As the foreign population in Croatia is still very small, immigrants cannot reap the benefits of ethnic concentration and ethnic solidarity. Therefore, for most foreigners in Croatia the embeddedness in immigrant networks of social relations is very limited. Consequently, the shortages in social and cultural capital, combined with a very limited openness towards natives make the access to informal institutions in Croatia very difficult, which in turn discourages entrepreneurial initiatives among immigrants.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1109-1136
Issue: 8
Volume: 34
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1928825
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2021.1928825
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104505_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Stanislav Klimovich
Author-X-Name-First: Stanislav
Author-X-Name-Last: Klimovich
Author-Name: Sabine Kropp
Author-X-Name-First: Sabine
Author-X-Name-Last: Kropp
Author-Name: Ulla Pape
Author-X-Name-First: Ulla
Author-X-Name-Last: Pape
Title: Defending business interests in Russia: collective action and social investments as bargaining chips
Abstract: 
 The collective organization of business interests in Russia is commonly considered weak. In some cases, however, business associations have succeeded in representing interests vis-à-vis the state. This article analyses an illustrative case of state–business negotiations regarding an extra profit tax for several chemical and metallurgical companies, proposed by the presidential administration in August 2018. Based on a case study involving media and interview data, the study examines the role of collective action under the auspices of the ‘Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs’ (RUIE) in defending business interests. It identifies the necessary conditions under which collective action was effective in this specific case, and critically discusses the possible contingency of the given constellation in light of inherently asymmetrical relations between state and business actors. Furthermore, the article develops an analytical framework with which business associations and their lobbying activities under authoritarian capitalism can be analysed beyond the Russian case.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 17-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104505
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104503_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Igor Gurkov
Author-X-Name-First: Igor
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurkov
Author-Name: Nikolay Filinov
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolay
Author-X-Name-Last: Filinov
Title: Sailing through the storm – performance of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of multinational corporations in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: 
 The aim of this study is to depict the performance of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of multinational corporations during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a unique handcrafted database of financial reports from 259 subsidiaries for 2019 and 2020, we retraced three indicators of business robustness: the dynamics of revenues, positive profitability, and the level of financial solvency. Most of the studied subsidiaries (85%) were able to withstand the crisis and maintain satisfactory financial solvency. Revenues decreased in 2020 to 40% of the studied subsidiaries, and the share of loss-making subsidiaries reached 31%. However, more than 40% of the studied subsidiaries achieved both an increase in revenues and positive profitability of sales in 2020. In this respect we may assess the level of ‘ownership advantage’ of multinational corporations regarding assisting their subsidiaries to achieve different elements of business robustness during the pandemic.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104503
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104506_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Andrei Vernikov
Author-X-Name-First: Andrei
Author-X-Name-Last: Vernikov
Title: Breakdown: what went wrong with deposit insurance in Russia
Abstract: 
 The paper examines the Russian experience with explicit deposit guarantee. Some of its effects, such as moral hazard, adverse selection, and erosion of discipline, are typical and well-researched by previous authors. The social cost of having this institution in Russia turned out to be abnormally high, while the results in terms of bank stability are questionable. More than half of the insurance system members have gone out of business in a matter of just fifteen years. I examine the inception of deposit insurance in Russia, its design, implementation and political economy, using various theoretical approaches and combining qualitative with quantitative evidence. I argue that explicit deposit guarantee by a government agency was a priori redundant, in view of the extraordinary role of state-owned banks. The new institution was used as a tool for structural change and competition enhancement, which I regard as misuse. Deposit guarantee was enacted prematurely, before other essential institutions of bank regulation were in place. The political economy of deposit insurance reveals the political system’s vulnerability to uncontained pressure from private special interests demanding public protection. The new institution was captured by interest groups and exploited for private benefit. The evidence from Russia might be relevant to other emerging market countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 41-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104506
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104506
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# input file: CPCE_A_2138154_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Evgeniya Dubinina
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeniya
Author-X-Name-Last: Dubinina
Title: Impact of Special Economic Zones on domestic market: Evidence from Russia
Abstract: 
 Place-based policies can be an effective instrument for governments to encourage the economic development of a country. A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a place-based policy aimed at attracting FDI, employment growth, and supporting new economic reforms. In addition, for emerging economies an SEZ could be a potential catalyst for development; foreign investors can have a drastic impact on the productivity of domestic firms, revenues, and market shares through the implementation of new technologies and the creation of new firms. However, the effects of SEZs on the domestic market at the firm level are largely understudied. In this research, I leverage the large-scale SEZ policy implemented by the Russian government in 2005 that aims to attract foreign investors to specific parts of the country by offering tax relief. The primary objective of this research is to quantify the effects of the Russian SEZ policy on local firms. To examine the effects, I use the generalised Difference-in-Difference methodology and apply it to a panel of firms in Russia for the 2006–2019 period. The data includes time-varying SEZ treatment on firms, firm characteristics, and accounting data. The primary outcome variables of interest are revenues, profits, and total factor productivity. The research findings could contribute to the urban economic literature on place-based policies and may be helpful to policymakers in determining the effectiveness of SEZ place-based policies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 82-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2138154
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2138154
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104508_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ichiro Iwasaki
Author-X-Name-First: Ichiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Iwasaki
Title: How do economic activities spur the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia? A dynamic panel data analysis
Abstract: 
 Russia is one of the few countries in the world that has opted for almost no policy measures involving the strong suppression of economic activity in the face of the epidemic disaster brought about by the new coronavirus (COVID-19). This makes Russia a valuable subject of social experiments through which the association between economic activity and the spread of the virus can be explored. This paper presents a dynamic panel data analysis to examine the extent to which different types of economic activity contribute to the spread of COVID-19 infection using monthly and quarterly panel data of Russian regions between March 2020 and April 2021. The results strongly supported our expectation that economic activities have a greater impact on the levels of COVID-19 transmission when they involve a larger number of inhabitants or stimulate greater consumption or social activities among citizens. It was also revealed that Russian regions vary greatly in terms of the routes that link economic activity to the spread of COVID-19. These results have important policy implications for current and future epidemic control.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 59-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104508
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104508
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# input file: CPCE_A_2169520_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Vesna Bucevska
Author-X-Name-First: Vesna
Author-X-Name-Last: Bucevska
Author-Name: Aleksandar Naumoski
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Naumoski
Title: Remittances, FDI and economic growth: the case of South-East European countries
Abstract: 
 South-East European countries rely heavily on remittances and FDI as external sources of financing. Hence, an investigation of the behaviour of remittances and FDI during the business cycle and their impact on economic growth is of crucial importance. To achieve this objective, we first analyse the cyclical nature of remittances and FDI flows in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Serbia (SEE6) during their business cycles in the 2008q1-2021q2 period. Second, we investigate the causal link among these variables, and find out that although at the aggregate level remittances and FDI move synchronously and in the same direction as the business cycle, there are considerable variations across countries. Following Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Granger causality test, we find that for most SEE6 there is a bidirectional causal relationship between remittances and economic growth, i.e. economic growth is caused by remittances, and GDP growth also stimulates remittances.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 179-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2169520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2169520
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# input file: CPCE_A_2104504_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hiroyuki Taguchi
Author-X-Name-First: Hiroyuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Taguchi
Author-Name: Elbek Erkin Ugli Abdullaev
Author-X-Name-First: Elbek Erkin Ugli
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullaev
Title: Deindustrialisation in post-Soviet economies: premature deindustrialisation, Dutch disease, human capital, and institutions
Abstract: 
 This study examines deindustrialisation in 15 post-Soviet economies by investigating the country-specific fixed effect in the relationships among manufacturing, population, and income and the factors contributing to deindustrialisation in terms of the premature deindustrialisation hypothesis. The fixed-effect estimation suggests deindustrialisation in the ten middle-income post-Soviet countries due to their comparative disadvantages in manufacturing as the overall contributor, with the lack of human capital, the Dutch Disease effect (mainly in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan), and immature institutions (mainly in Kyrgyz, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan) as sub-factors that explain deindustrialisation in these countries based on factor analyses.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 101-121
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2104504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2104504
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# input file: CPCE_A_2106922_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aleksandar Vasilev
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev
Title: A business-cycle model with money and banking: the case of Bulgaria (1999–2018)
Abstract: 
 We augment an otherwise standard business cycle model with a richer government sector and add modified cash in advance (CIA) and deposit considerations. In particular, both the cash in advance- and deposit constraints of in earlier work are extended to include private investment and government consumption. Also, part of the purchases are made using credit. This specification is then calibrated to Bulgarian data after the introduction of the currency board (1999–2020), gives a role to money and costly credit in accentuating economic fluctuations. In particular, the modified CIA constraint combines monetary with banking theory, and thus produces a novel mechanism that allows the framework to reproduce better observed variability and correlations among model variables, and those characterising the labour market in particular.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 122-133
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2106922
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2106922
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# input file: CPCE_A_2164782_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Éva Berde
Author-X-Name-First: Éva
Author-X-Name-Last: Berde
Author-Name: Muyassar Kurbanova
Author-X-Name-First: Muyassar
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurbanova
Title: Does the demographic dividend with human capital development yield an economic dividend? Evidence from Central Asia
Abstract: 
 Both fertility and mortality rates are declining in the five Central Asian countries, so far resulting in an increasingly working-age population. The main question is whether these countries can benefit from this demographic transition while having different economic structures and diverse ethnicities. Our article shows the importance of demographic, economic, and human capital indicators and the influential role of governance indicators such as the Political Corruption Index and Egalitarian Democracy Index for economic growth. Based on the data from 1991 to 2018, the analysis has been conducted by employing fixed effect estimation with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. The findings indicate that human capital with proper education and an appropriately absorbed labour force does have a more powerful effect on the demographic benefit. In addition, improving the quality of governance has a significant impact on economic growth.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 154-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2164782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2164782
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# input file: CPCE_A_2137325_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marta Götz
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Götz
Author-Name: Barbara Jankowska
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Jankowska
Author-Name: Zakaria Talouni
Author-X-Name-First: Zakaria
Author-X-Name-Last: Talouni
Title: Reflections on FDI in an post-communist country in the context of EU membership: retrospectives and prospects
Abstract: 
 Participation of a country in the European Union and hence the participation in the European single market, have obvious consequences for capital flows, including those in the most advanced form, i.e. foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment is considered one of the major incentives of economic integration. Thus, this study reflects on the impact of EU membership on FDI inflows to Poland as an EU member and signals key priorities for further integration. The theoretical foundation of the study resides in the theses of the new theory of economic integration and the investment development path theory. The paper employs the descriptive approach and inductive reasoning. We highlight the benefits resulting from the position of Poland on the investment development path and indicate possible associated threats. Moreover, we discuss retrospective reflections, some of the prospects, and possible directions of action recommended to optimise the future benefits of hosting foreign investors.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 134-153
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2022.2137325
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2022.2137325
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# input file: CPCE_A_2174923_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Daniel Kolar
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolar
Title: Inequality in pre-industrial Bohemia: The city of Budweis
Abstract: 
 Distributional information can shed new light on societies and their well-being, now and in the past. This article constructs historical wealth inequality statistics for Budweis, a large town in South Bohemia. Utilised data sources include rare detailed local tax censuses from 1416 and 1523 and a national tax register from 1654, as reported in the literature, further adjusted for the lowest social groups and processed to create social tables. If the underlying data are accurate, the wealth inequality Gini coefficient in 1416 was between 0.739 and 0.777. The estimated wealth share of the top 1% was 22.6% in 1416 and 14.2% in 1523, which is notably less than in the pre-industrial UK or France, as well as in the present-day Czech Republic. The findings support the notion of an egalitarian rather than individualistic pre-industrial Bohemian society.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 298-314
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2174923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2174923
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:3:p:298-314



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# input file: CPCE_A_2171179_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Andrea Szalavetz
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Szalavetz
Author-Name: Magdolna Sass
Author-X-Name-First: Magdolna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sass
Title: Disentangling the semi-periphery: evolutionary trajectories and perspectives of the Austrian and Hungarian automotive industries
Abstract: 
 This article explores the transition of integrated periphery countries to a semi-periphery status. It sets out to refine the broad category of ‘semi-periphery’, distinguishing between upper and lower-order semi-periphery. It shows that compared to established members of the automotive semi-periphery, newcomers are often poorly equipped to thrive in the new competitive environment. Since it takes decades of organic accumulation to develop competitive assets that provide resilience, newcomers that used to thrive in the competitive environment of the integrated periphery often turn out to be the weakest members in the semi-periphery. Based on expert interviews, the article illustrates the theoretical arguments comparing the evolutionary trajectories of the Austrian and Hungarian automotive industries. We show that Austria, exemplifying the case of within-category upgrading (within the upper semi-periphery), can leverage its strong innovation potential, dense network of capable domestic-owned suppliers, tradition of cluster-based and industry – university collaboration, and developed market for technology. In contrast, the between-category transition of Hungary was propelled by the rising wage-level, while other indicators would not qualify it for the club of semi-periphery countries. Evolutionary trajectories in the lower-order semi-periphery can easily be derailed if industrial policy gets stuck in its – previously highly effective – integrated-periphery role.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 211-235
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2171179
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2171179
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# input file: CPCE_A_2169516_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dongwei Su
Author-X-Name-First: Dongwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Author-Name: Shulin Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Shulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Zefeng Tong
Author-X-Name-First: Zefeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Tong
Title: Credit availability and corporate risk-taking: evidence from China’s green credit policy
Abstract: 
 Using data for firms publicly listed in China A-share markets during 2008 and 2019, this study is one of the first to treat Green Credit Guidelines implemented by the government in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment and construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically examine the impact of credit availability on corporate risk-taking. Our study finds that credit restrictions on heavily polluting firms reduce their risk-taking behaviour, and the impact is more pronounced on small firms, non-state-owned enterprises, firms without institutional investors or firms located in low marketisation regions. In addition, our study demonstrates that credit restrictions increase financing constraints and reduce investment levels, which leads to less corporate risk-taking. Furthermore, our research shows that credit restrictions increase the cost of debt and reduce investment value and development capacity for firms in energy intensive and high pollution industries. An important implication is that to effectively curb the expansion of heavily polluting industries and promote environmental transformation, green credit policies should target small firms, firms with less state and institutional ownership as well as firms located in regions with poorer institutional reform.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 236-270
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2169516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2169516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:3:p:236-270



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# input file: CPCE_A_2169517_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Huai Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Huai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Author-Name: Chenkai Niu
Author-X-Name-First: Chenkai
Author-X-Name-Last: Niu
Author-Name: Wei Li
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Social and economic development from an integrated sustainability perspective: analysing the interaction of social capital, income level, and income inequality in China
Abstract: 
 This study aims to explore bilateral interactions of social and economic pillars of sustainability in China to reveal if they are synergistic or trade-off. To this end, this research uses the bootstrap method for panel data and an Ordinary Quantile Regression model to estimate the effects of social capital proxies including political identity, family relationship network and trust on economic condition proxy, household income, in different quantiles of Chinese households. This study uses data based on microsurvey data from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) conducted by the China Social Science Research Center of Peking University in 2014, 2016 and 2018. The results show that social capital positively affects economic status implying the synergistic impact of social development on economic pillars of sustainable development. Moreover, further examination reveals that the resulted improvement in economic status is distributed equally among different quantiles of Chinese households. This result implies that the reflective effect of economic development on social pillar is synergistic. Overall, these findings accept the synergistic interactions between social and economic pillars of sustainability which is consistent with the integrated sustainability perspective. These findings suggest that policymakers in both the social and economic sectors to consider the consequences of their own plans and strategies for the other sectors.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 271-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2169517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2169517
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:3:p:271-297



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# input file: CPCE_A_2188684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dongwei Su
Author-X-Name-First: Dongwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Author-Name: Shulin Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Shulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Zhen Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Green credit policy and corporate diversification: evidence from China
Abstract: 
 This study draws insights from the New Stakeholder Theory to investigate the influence of green credit policy on firm diversification. Using a sample of publicly listed firms in China from 2006 to 2018, we find that green credit policy has increased the degree of corporate diversification for heavily polluting firms. In addition, the positive impact of green credit policy on industrial diversity is more significant for heavily polluting firms which are state-owned, bigger in size, with institutional ownership of shares and located in provinces with higher level of marketisation. Moreover, financial constraint is an important mediating variable for green credit policy to influence corporate diversification. An important implication of our study is that corporate diversification can be a strategic choice made by heavily polluting firms to overcome financial constraints as a result of the green credit policy. In fact, greater corporate diversity can ensure the survival of polluting firms by allowing them to operate in industries with less environmental regulations.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 315-349
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2188684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2188684
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:3:p:315-349

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# input file: CPCE_A_2188768_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Silvija Vlah Jerić
Author-X-Name-First: Silvija
Author-X-Name-Last: Vlah Jerić
Title: Time interval choices in forecasting stock market indices of CEE and SEE countries
Abstract: 
 The main objective of this analysis is to investigate how varying the forecast horizon and the input window length for calculating technical indicators affects the predictive performance of different machine learning algorithms on forecasting the direction of change of chosen stock market indices. Ten indices from CEE (Central and Eastern European) and SEE (Southern and Eastern European) countries are chosen for research in an attempt to investigate their behaviour in the light of the behaviour of bigger and more researched markets. In respect to similar research conducted on S&P 500 Index stocks, this analysis does not find the same pattern of highest system performance for each forecast horizon value when the input window length is approximately equal to the forecasting horizon. Instead, the forecasts seem to be better using shorter input window lengths for technical indicators in general. Also, on average, there is a notable deterioration in the performance with the increase of forecasting horizon. Furthermore, some algorithms perform very well for short horizons and then deteriorate substantially as the forecasting horizon increases, while others seem to have more consistent performance over different horizons.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 403-413
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2188768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2188768
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:4:p:403-413



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# input file: CPCE_A_2188774_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Pavle Petrović
Author-X-Name-First: Pavle
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrović
Author-Name: Mirjana Gligorić Matić
Author-X-Name-First: Mirjana
Author-X-Name-Last: Gligorić Matić
Title: Convergence patterns in income and manufacturing productivity in EU: does the latter drive the former?
Abstract: 
 While exploring convergence in real income and in manufacturing productivity of the central and eastern European countries (CEE) and the southern EU counties with the developed EU ones, testing and clustering methodology and sigma convergence are used. We found that CEE countries strongly converge, both in real income and manufacturing productivity, with developed EU countries, while the southern EU countries do not. Moreover, the convergence pattern in real income follows that in manufacturing productivity in both peripheral EU groups suggesting that the underlying productivity clubs determine the formation of income clubs. The observed time pattern of sigma convergence also suggests that manufacturing productivity drives economic growth, as (non)convergence of the former preceded (‘caused’) that of the latter. Aforementioned findings are robust, since they are supported by the results obtained both by the Phillips and Sul (2007) approach and sigma convergence.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 414-439
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2188774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2188774
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:4:p:414-439



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# input file: CPCE_A_2169522_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Vít Jedlička
Author-X-Name-First: Vít
Author-X-Name-Last: Jedlička
Title: Taxation as a factor in investment attractiveness in the Visegrád countries
Abstract: 
 Managers take into account the tax burden when they decide about a new investment; therefore, they seek countries with lower tax rates. Governments respond to these requirements and battle for new investments by lowering tax rates as part of tax competition. This study focuses on the Visegrád countries as a region of new foreign investments from other OECD countries, and analyses the determinants of a bilateral FDI position of equity. As a model, it uses dynamic panel regression with GMM estimation. Results show that FDIs are affected by the level of difference in corporate taxation and the size of both countries. Every other potential determinant has no effect on the level of investment. These results show that foreign investors care about tax burdens more when investing within the Visegrád Group. Visegrád countries are relatively close when considering conditions for business; therefore, the most important difference becomes the taxation of profits.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 368-383
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2169522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2169522
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:4:p:368-383



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# input file: CPCE_A_2188694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Will Bartlett
Author-X-Name-First: Will
Author-X-Name-Last: Bartlett
Title: The performance of politically connected firms in South East Europe: state capture or business capture?
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the effects of the political connectedness on the business performance of private sector firms in South East Europe. This question is relevant to contemporary ideas about the importance of ‘state capture’ in the region, and the article provides a new perspective on the nature and consequences of this phenomenon. Analysis of survey data reveals that political connections tend to undermine the business performance of connected firms, with a potential negative impact on the economic development of the countries concerned. It is argued that this process is better described as ‘business capture’ rather than ‘state capture’. The terminology is important as it suggests how policies might be used to manage this issue. The negative effect on business performance is substantial, especially in service sectors and in countries of the Western Balkans. The EU member states of the region are relatively immune from the negative effects of business capture.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 351-367
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2188694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2188694
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:4:p:351-367



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# input file: CPCE_A_2188687_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Helery Tasane
Author-X-Name-First: Helery
Author-X-Name-Last: Tasane
Author-Name: Gaygysyz Ashyrov
Author-X-Name-First: Gaygysyz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashyrov
Author-Name: Sopheak Srun
Author-X-Name-First: Sopheak
Author-X-Name-Last: Srun
Title: Institutions and R&D engagement of SMEs in Laos
Abstract: 
 We investigate the association between research and development (R&D) engagement by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the institutional environment in Laos. We employed multivariate imputation by chained equations and full Bayesian inference to analyse data from the 2016 and 2018 World Bank Enterprise Surveys for Laos. Our findings show that Lao SMEs that engage in R&D are likely to experience more frequent tax inspections and more solicitation of bribes by government authorities, than Lao SMEs that do not engage in R&D. Firms that perceive political uncertainty as an obstacle to doing business are 28% less likely to engage in R&D activities. These findings raise concerns about the effectiveness of institutions in supporting intellectual property rights in Laos, and have policy implications for promoting productivity of small and medium-sized firms.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 384-402
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2188687
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2188687
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:35:y:2023:i:4:p:384-402

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# input file: CPCE_A_2209301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Muhammad Jameel Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Jameel
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Author-Name: Shihan Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Shihan
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Junbao Li
Author-X-Name-First: Junbao
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Can foreign investors accurately operate and obtain excess returns? Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 This study examines the influence of foreign investors’ trading strategies on the earnings of China’s A-shares based on trading data from Shanghai-Shenzhen Stock Exchanges during the period of 2017 to 2020. The findings indicate a positive association between the net inflow of foreign capital and A-share returns, with foreign investors showing a preference for high-quality stocks in China. Additionally, foreign investors demonstrate precision in their operations, by purchasing stocks at low prices and selling them at high prices. Moreover, A-shares held by foreign investors show an ability to generate excess earnings, which can further amplify over time. Additional analyses suggest that when the A-share index rises, foreign investors sell significantly, but the buying volume is not significant; when the A-share index falls, foreign investors buy significantly, but the selling volume is not significant. When Shanghai-Shenzhen Stock Connect is closed, foreign investors will choose to sell more on the previous trading day in order to reduce their losses. This article provides powerful enlightenment for stock investors.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 513-532
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2209301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2209301
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# input file: CPCE_A_2196867_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Daichi Yamada
Author-X-Name-First: Daichi
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamada
Author-Name: Masato Hiwatari
Author-X-Name-First: Masato
Author-X-Name-Last: Hiwatari
Title: International labour migration and people’s views towards economic and political systems in transition countries
Abstract: 
 During the 30 years of transition from communist regimes, the people’s views towards transition have varied from support to opposition. We empirically examine the influences of international labour migration on these views, using the survey data covering 28 transition countries in Europe and the former Soviet Union area and three points of time, 2006, 2010 and 2016, based on multivariate regression models. Our main findings are twofold. (I) Labour emigration to Western Europe increased people’s support for a market economy and democracy over a planned economy and authoritarian government, albeit a less robust result for democracy. This suggests the role of social remittances – migrants transmit their experiences and promote the support for transition among people remaining in the home countries. (II) However, immigrant inflows reduced these support, suggesting that the economic and cultural conflicts with immigrants made people sceptic towards liberal policies or nostalgic towards the communist era.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 475-495
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2196867
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2196867
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# input file: CPCE_A_2209296_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Estefanía Mourelle
Author-X-Name-First: Estefanía
Author-X-Name-Last: Mourelle
Author-Name: Juan Carlos Cuestas
Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Cuestas
Title: Investment dynamics in central and eastern Europe: a nonlinear approach
Abstract: 
 The aim of this article is to understand the dynamics of investment in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). The role that investment plays in the economic development is of particular interest in these countries, as, on the one hand, they have experienced a transition to market economies and, on the other hand, they have joined the European Union. This study contributes to the related literature by resorting to nonlinear models, which give us a better and more flexible understanding of the behaviour of the dynamics of investment, in comparison to linear specifications. The aim is to analyse which economic fundamentals are behind the nonlinear behaviour, as stated by the theoretical literature, of our variable of interest. Our results evidence the importance of the macroeconomic conditions on the dynamics of investment in CEECs, particularly its own recent history and the cyclical state of the economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 496-512
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2209296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2209296
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# input file: CPCE_A_2209300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mantian Xue
Author-X-Name-First: Mantian
Author-X-Name-Last: Xue
Author-Name: Yuexian Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yuexian
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Does one belt and one road initiative facilitate China‘s export of equipment?
Abstract: 
 This article uses difference in difference estimation to examine the effect of the One Belt and One Road Initiative on China’s export of equipment to related countries, taking into consideration the different times of policy shock for different countries. The results show that signing the agreement induced a 14.07% increase of China’s export of equipment to the group of countries, which were focused on Asian and African economies, in sub-industries of electrical machinery, general equipment and special equipment, and probably through the financing mechanism of China’s transnational credit. Simply assigning the year when the One Belt and One Road Initiative is launched as the uniform time of policy shock may be misleading.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 441-453
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2209300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2209300
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# input file: CPCE_A_2196869_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hoang Hong Hiep
Author-X-Name-First: Hoang
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong Hiep
Author-Name: Bui Nhat Quang
Author-X-Name-First: Bui Nhat
Author-X-Name-Last: Quang
Author-Name: Huynh Cong Minh
Author-X-Name-First: Huynh Cong
Author-X-Name-Last: Minh
Title: The impact of fdi and regional factors on economic growth in Vietnamese provinces: A spatial econometric analysis
Abstract: 
 By using spatial econometric models, this paper studies the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and regional spatial factors on economic growth of 63 provinces in Vietnam over the period 2007–2018. Results show that, after controlling for the important factors of the growth model (human capital, physical capital, and institutional quality), FDI inflows have a rather limited direct and indirect impact in boosting economic growth of localities in Vietnam. Results from the estimation of spatial variables show three especially interesting key points: i) there is a close relationship in economic growth and economic shocks among neighbouring provinces; ii) capitals from state sector and domestic non-state sector of neighbouring provinces have a positive impact on economic growth in the host province; and iii) surprisingly, there is a trend of competition among neighbouring localities in attracting not only high-quality human resources but also in terms of untrained human resources.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 454-474
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2196869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2196869
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# input file: CPCE_A_2209344_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marko Tmušić
Author-X-Name-First: Marko
Author-X-Name-Last: Tmušić
Title: Misuse of institutions and economic performance: some evidence from Serbia
Abstract: 
 Having in mind the current global trends and the transition processes, it is necessary to explain the role, influence, and importance of institutions in providing conditions for economic growth and development. Theory has proven, and practice confirms, that the institutional structure (the way of forming institutions, decision-making process, decision-making effectiveness, and economic justification of goals) is one of the most important factors in achieving macroeconomic stability and economic development. This article explores the impact of the quality of institutions on the economic performance of the Republic of Serbia. A comparative analysis of the content of relevant institutional indicators and their economic effects shows the institutional matrix of possible misuse of political and economic institutions in the direction of realising short-term political goals, to the detriment of long-term sustainable economic growth and development of the Serbian economy.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 546-573
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2209344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2209344
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# input file: CPCE_A_2210365_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Boburmirzo Ibrokhimov
Author-X-Name-First: Boburmirzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrokhimov
Author-Name: Rashid Javed
Author-X-Name-First: Rashid
Author-X-Name-Last: Javed
Author-Name: Mazhar Mughal
Author-X-Name-First: Mazhar
Author-X-Name-Last: Mughal
Title: Migrants remittances and fertility in the Post-Soviet states
Abstract: 
 The demographic consequences of remittance flows to the developing countries have so far received scant attention. In this study, we examine the impact of migrants’ remittances on fertility by employing unbalanced panel data from Post-Soviet states. During the last three decades, these countries witnessed large-scale out-migration accompanied by high inflows of migrants’ remittances, and went from a high mortality – high birth rate to a low mortality – low birth rate regime. Employing standard panel estimation methods and instrumental variable (IV) approach, we find evidence for a significant negative association between remittances and fertility. These findings are robust to alternate measures and strategies. The impact of remittances is significant beyond a minimum threshold and has strengthened over time. The findings of the study highlight the remittances’ substitution effect contributing to the post-communist countries’ demographic transition.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 574-596
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2210365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2210365
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# input file: CPCE_A_2213465_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Peter Nemec
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Nemec
Author-Name: Veronika Ďuricová
Author-X-Name-First: Veronika
Author-X-Name-Last: Ďuricová
Author-Name: Matus Kubak
Author-X-Name-First: Matus
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubak
Title: Institutions, corruption and transparency in effective healthcare public procurement: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract: 
 The benefits of good procurement practices in the healthcare sector are well known. Indeed, the importance of transparent, effective and efficient procurement of medical goods and services has gained momentum even more in light of the recent Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is little evidence of how traditional factors occurring on a procedure or contract level affect the effectiveness of public purchases when they take play in different institutional environments. This paper, therefore, contributes to this evidence using a large sample of public contracts in healthcare sectors awarded in 11 Central and East European Countries. The results support the previous evidence on the important role of transparency and open competitive bidding. Procedures with a prior call for competition and allowing for an unrestricted number of competitors lead to cost-effective contracts and higher direct savings. Effective government and lessening corruption have proven to facilitate better procurement outcomes, considering the financial aspects of awarded contracts. Moreover, the results on the effects of institutions contribute to the current academic debate by providing insight into the mechanism of obtaining cost-effectiveness and showing that strong institutions can play an important role in mitigating the adverse procurement outcomes related to less transparent and competition-restricting procedures.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 619-646
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2213465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2213465
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# input file: CPCE_A_2196872_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mirzobobo Yormirzoev
Author-X-Name-First: Mirzobobo
Author-X-Name-Last: Yormirzoev
Title: Human capital and economic growth in Central Asia
Abstract: 
 This study explores the long-term economic performance in former Soviet republics of Central Asia for the last three decades. We look at sources of economic growth based on the extended version of the neoclassical growth model. Our key focus is to see whether human capital in the form of education and health inputs has an impact on growth rates in the region. Results show that over the entire period under study, on average, the growth rates of total factor productivity (TFP) were not remarkable, ranging from 1.4% for Kazakhstan and 0.51% for Tajikistan to −1.13% for the Kyrgyz Republic. Kazakhstan as a frontier economy of the region maintained better economic results in almost all indicators. Since 2000, TFP growth rates were notably stronger in Tajikistan compared to Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. However, a reduction in TFP in Tajikistan in the 1990s is attributed to the country’s dire civil war.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 533-545
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2196872
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2196872
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# input file: CPCE_A_2210925_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Safet Kurtović
Author-X-Name-First: Safet
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurtović
Author-Name: Nehat Maxhuni
Author-X-Name-First: Nehat
Author-X-Name-Last: Maxhuni
Author-Name: Blerim Halili
Author-X-Name-First: Blerim
Author-X-Name-Last: Halili
Author-Name: Arta Maxhuni
Author-X-Name-First: Arta
Author-X-Name-Last: Maxhuni
Title: Is there an asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on exports and imports in the Central, East and Southeast European countries?
Abstract: 
 The main objective of this paper is to assess the asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on the exports and imports of 17 Central, East and Southeast European (CESEE) countries. For this purpose, the linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and annual data for the 1995–2020 period were used. Empirical results of the assessment showed an asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on exports in nine countries and a symmetric effect on exports in four countries. Similarly, an asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on the imports of 10 countries and a symmetric effect on the imports of five countries were found. Research implications of this study are important to enable policy makers to understand that results obtained in earlier studies through the linear model may lead to incorrect views about the effect of exchange rate volatility on the exports and imports of CESEE countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 597-618
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 08
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2210925
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2210925
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236864_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Krisztina Demeter
Author-X-Name-First: Krisztina
Author-X-Name-Last: Demeter
Author-Name: Dávid Losonci
Author-X-Name-First: Dávid
Author-X-Name-Last: Losonci
Author-Name: Andrea Szalavetz
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Szalavetz
Author-Name: Máté Baksa
Author-X-Name-First: Máté
Author-X-Name-Last: Baksa
Title: Strategic drivers behind the digital transformation of subsidiaries: a longitudinal approach
Abstract: 
 This study explores the strategic drivers of digital transformation (DT) at subsidiaries. Our research framework derives strategic drivers from a tripod model that integrates the resource-based, the institution-based, and the industry-based views. We use two longitudinal case studies at global automotive suppliers’ Hungarian subsidiaries. We found that each view highlights a different set of strategic drivers. DT in the subsidiaries is boosted by proactive local management and mature process improvement routines (dynamic capabilities); parent–pull relation (internal institutions) and state support attracting manufacturing FDI (external institutions); as well as buyers’ increasing expectations and supplier-related factors (industry-based view). By combining these views, we claim that drivers related to the external institutional context and the industrial competition are usually filtered by the global management before contributing to resource adjustments at subsidiaries in a coercive top-down manner. Despite this seemingly deterministic DT process, local managements can actively shape DT, even that of the MNE.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 744-769
Issue: 7
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236864
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236864
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# input file: CPCE_A_2237201_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Stephen K. Wegren
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegren
Author-Name: Alexander M. Nikulin
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nikulin
Author-Name: Irina Trotsuk
Author-X-Name-First: Irina
Author-X-Name-Last: Trotsuk
Title: Problems and prospects for organic agriculture in Russia
Abstract: 
 Russian policymakers have ambitions to become a major exporter of organic foods, capturing as much as 10% of the world’s organic market. Russia’s war with Ukraine and subsequent Western sanctions render this goal unrealistic for the foreseeable future. Aside from the war, this article examines factors that affect the growth of Russia’s organic food sector. We argue that although Russia’s organic food sector has come far in a short period of time, it is unlikely to dislodge the primacy of industrial agriculture, which remains the cornerstone of agricultural production in Russia and in other developed states. The organic food market in Russia is likely to remain a niche market, which means that Russia will remain wedded to industrial agriculture and the food it produces.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 647-669
Issue: 7
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2237201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2237201
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# input file: CPCE_A_2215022_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Oleg Mariev
Author-X-Name-First: Oleg
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariev
Author-Name: Natalia Davidson
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Davidson
Author-Name: Karina Nagieva
Author-X-Name-First: Karina
Author-X-Name-Last: Nagieva
Author-Name: Andrey Pushkarev
Author-X-Name-First: Andrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Pushkarev
Title: Innovations and their complementarities: which types of innovations drive export performance?
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the impacts of different innovation types and personnel training on manufacturing firms’ export performance in Russia. We use Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey data and modified Crépon-Duguet-Mairesse (CDM) model, linking firms’ R&D, innovation (product, process, organisational, and marketing), and export share in revenue to fill the research gap by connecting innovation with export and addressing different innovation types. Estimation reveals that combination of organisational innovations with other innovations increases return on R&D and export; firms performing R&D are more sensitive to taxes and difficulties in receiving licences and permits, while cooperation and training facilitate process, marketing, and organisational innovations, and all innovation types positively affect firms’ export. Therefore, on firm level, personnel training and combining different innovation types will enhance export. At the regional or national level, we offer approaches for improving policy to support developing human capital, providing better business environment, and promoting fair competition.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 708-743
Issue: 7
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2215022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2215022
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# input file: CPCE_A_2214753_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Erlan Konebayev
Author-X-Name-First: Erlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Konebayev
Title: Estimation of a small open economy DSGE model for Kazakhstan
Abstract: 
 This paper adapts and estimates the DSGE model of Medina and Soto (2007) in the context of Kazakhstani economy. The main goal of the paper is to contribute to the scarce macroeconomic modelling literature on Kazakhstan and analyse the structure of the Kazakhstani economy using the DSGE framework. Overall, we find that the oil price shock is key in explaining the variance of virtually all the variables of interest – in particular, it accounts for more than 40% of variance in real exchange rate over the long-term horizon. Furthermore, while the oil price and commodity (oil) production shocks contributed positively to the country’s GDP growth in real terms before the Great Recession, their effects have been primarily negative during the two major economic crises of 2007 and 2015, and the fiscal policy has had mixed success in counteracting them. Lastly, the counterfactual exercises show that the choice to adopt the floating exchange rate policy in 2015 has prevented a larger output slump in the short-term at the cost of stronger currency depreciation, and that countercyclical fiscal rules would have greatly mitigated the immediate negative impact of the 2007–08 and 2015 crises, in addition to making real output more stable overall.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 670-707
Issue: 7
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2214753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2214753
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236868_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dragana Radicic
Author-X-Name-First: Dragana
Author-X-Name-Last: Radicic
Author-Name: Zoran Borovic
Author-X-Name-First: Zoran
Author-X-Name-Last: Borovic
Author-Name: Jelena Trivic
Author-X-Name-First: Jelena
Author-X-Name-Last: Trivic
Title: Total factor productivity gap between the “New” and “Old” Europe: an industry-level perspective
Abstract: 
 The main goal of this article is to investigate the source of productivity growth for the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries, at the industry level, based on the Schumpeterian creative destruction mechanisms. Our study provides valuable insights into productivity drivers for the CEE countries, which are vital for the policy makers. To measure productivity, we calculate the Total factor Productivity (TFP) measure based on the raw labour, at the industry level. There is a substantial productivity gap at the industry level between the CEE and core European countries (EU14). The result of econometric analysis suggests that the further a country lies behind the frontier, the higher is the rate of TFP growth, i.e. the convergence process.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 770-795
Issue: 7
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236868
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236868
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# input file: CPCE_A_2237233_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: John Kennedy
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy
Title: How are Russia’s industries adapting to Western economic pressure? The case of gold
Abstract: 
 In this article the author draws on materials including government policies, corporate and media reports, and analysis of industry trends, to describe the development of Russia’s gold industry since 2000. The growth of the sector exemplifies the Putin administration’s determination to increase production and exports in the natural resource sectors, and offers further evidence of how Russia’s ‘limited access’ system of political economy functions. The author then examines how the industry has responded to Western pressure since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. This provides insight in to how the sector is faring, how it is re-orienting to non-European markets, and the practical measures corporations have taken to evade sanctions and find new suppliers. The author argues that if this industry, and other metals and mining industries, can succeed in these efforts, they will provide a boost to Russia’s effort to sure up essential export revenues.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 797-829
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2237233
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2237233
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aurelian-Petruș Plopeanu
Author-X-Name-First: Aurelian-Petruș
Author-X-Name-Last: Plopeanu
Title: Beliefs in the attributes of success in life and bribery in post-communist European countries
Abstract: 
 This article examines the influence of internal and external beliefs about the attribution of success in life on perceptions of corruption and corrupt behaviour. Using individual-level data from the Life in Transition Survey III for 21 former communist European countries, the results show that, on the one hand, beliefs that success in life is achieved eminently through effort and hard work and through intelligence, skills and competences reduce both the likelihood of perceiving corruption and acting corruptly. On the other hand, external attributes of life success achieved through political connections and breaking the law are associated with higher perceptions of corruption and bribery-related behaviour. These findings highlight the significant positive role of personal effort (rather than any help from unfair sources) and meritocracy in achieving success in life on the assessment of perceptions of corruption and corrupt behaviour in former communist European societies.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 856-900
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236874
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236870_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: M. Mesut Badur
Author-X-Name-First: M. Mesut
Author-X-Name-Last: Badur
Author-Name: Kazi Sohag
Author-X-Name-First: Kazi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohag
Author-Name: Shawkat Hammoudeh
Author-X-Name-First: Shawkat
Author-X-Name-Last: Hammoudeh
Author-Name: Gazi Salah Uddin
Author-X-Name-First: Gazi Salah
Author-X-Name-Last: Uddin
Title: Costs of economic growth: new insights on wealth and income inequalities in the post-communist countries
Abstract: 
 We scrutinise the role of institutional, market, and financial freedoms within the occurrence of wealth and income inequalities, thus attempting to corroborate the Kuznets curve hypothesis by using general and decomposed measures. To this end, we apply an auto-regressive fixed effect framework with Driscoll Kraay standard errors to analyse the panel time series data for twelve Post-Communist economies. Our empirical results highlight that the overall economic growth provides two different implications for the income and wealth inequalities. Economic growth fosters income inequality up to a threshold point, afterwards it declines with further economic growth, thereby validating the Kuznets curve hypothesis. The decomposed analysis confirms that further economic growth surpassing the threshold level re-distributes income from the top 10% class to the bottom 50% and middle 40% classes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 830-855
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236870
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236870
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236878_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maria Aluchna
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Aluchna
Author-Name: Benson Honig
Author-X-Name-First: Benson
Author-X-Name-Last: Honig
Author-Name: Bogumił Kamiński
Author-X-Name-First: Bogumił
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamiński
Title: Glass ceiling or glass cliff: an examination of the role of female board members on market performance in Poland
Abstract: 
 We examine gender bias related to the effect of women in executive management leadership. Specifically, we examine when women are recruited to executive positions and follow companies’ market performance before and after their appointment. Our study is conceptually situated within the field of queuing theory, suggesting certain patterns of labour market queuing behaviour according to race, gender, and class. We formulate two hypotheses: (1) the presence of female executives is associated with lower firm value; and (2) companies with female-centric executive boards are valued lower by investors than companies with male-centric boards. We test these hypotheses employing panel data, using a unique sample of 159 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the years 2006–2015, with hand-collected data on the number of female directors on executive boards. Our results suggest that market queuing behaviour is evident in the case of Poland. Men are more often hired in executive roles than women, whereas females are more likely to be appointed to executive boards in firms which are performing poorly. Moreover, higher participation of women in executive positions is associated with resulting lower value in the long run. According to our interpretation, isomorphism and gender bias diffuse through the reproduction and valuation of capitalist markets.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 926-950
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236878
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# input file: CPCE_A_2236877_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Bojun Hou
Author-X-Name-First: Bojun
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou
Author-Name: Yuehe Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Yuehe
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Yifan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Yifan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Xiaoxuan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoxuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Chen Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Chen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Jin Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Title: Market segmentation, marketisation change speed and R&D investment of private firms
Abstract: 
 This study examines the impact of market segmentation on R&D investment in transitional economy. Based on the analysis of 14,032 Chinese private firms, we find that market segmentation has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm R&D investment, that is, private firms’ innovation investment presents a trend of first increase and then decrease in relation to the deepening of market segmentation. In addition, this study explores the moderating effect of marketisation change speed (MCS), and the results indicate that MCS strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between market segmentation and R&D investment of private firms. Our findings provide insights into how emerging economies leverage the role of the market to better stimulate private sector investment in innovation.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 901-925
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2236877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2236877
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# input file: CPCE_A_2238158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Thanh Tam Nguyen-Huu
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh Tam
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen-Huu
Title: FDI spillovers and productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing industries - new insights from the unconditional quantile regression
Abstract: 
 This research investigates the effects of FDI spillovers on the productivity of domestic firms by relying on unconditional quantile regression. Using panel data of Vietnamese enterprises over the period 2000–2012, we find evidence of positive spillovers for firms at the lower tails and negative spillovers for those at the upper tails of the productivity distribution. Time and the firm’s legal status are other factors determining the effect of FDI spillovers. Notably, only low productivity state-own enterprises benefit from positive horizontal spillovers, but in the long run rather than in the short run.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 105-125
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2238158
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2238158
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# input file: CPCE_A_2237191_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Ruohan Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Ruohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Post-communist firms’ independent green R&D and productivity growth under globalisation
Abstract: 
 This article empirically studies the influence of firms’ independent research and development on productivity. It considers two R&D behaviours of firms: independent innovation and dependent imitation. We acquire data from 28 post-communist economies between 2017 and 2019, and innovatively create indices to evaluate how likely firms were to independently perform green R&D that enhance their environmental friendliness. We also estimate firms’ productivity with a semiparametric method. Overall, independent green R&D does not significantly affect productivity. However, further analysis that considers the firms’ globalisation statuses reveals interesting and robust findings. Among firms that are actively involved in the global market, a higher R&D independence does not promote productivity. Firms producing only domestically, however, expect a positive influence of R&D independence on their productivity. This finding remains robust under alternative analyses regarding general R&D. Other factors such as labour input, relationships with the government, and informal market competition also significantly affect productivity.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 48-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2237191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2237191
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# input file: CPCE_A_2237178_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Ha Thi Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Ha Thi
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran
Author-Name: Hoan Quang Truong
Author-X-Name-First: Hoan Quang
Author-X-Name-Last: Truong
Author-Name: Chung Van Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Chung
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Dong
Title: Determinants of product sophistication in Vietnam: findings from the firm–multi-product level microdata approach
Abstract: 
 By using data from the Vietnam Enterprise Survey and applying the fixed effect model, this study investigates the determinants of product sophistication at the firm – multi-product level in Vietnam-a transitional economy – over 2010–2016. Estimations show that horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers have a negative effect on product sophistication. We find a positive contribution of forward spillovers and a negative contribution of backward linkages. An interaction term between forward spillover and productivity has a negative effect but is insignificant. Estimated outcomes also indicate that the average amount of labour, revenue, productivity, technology level, and capital to labour ratio of firms has advantageous impacts on product sophistication. Our results are robust using different measurements of product sophistication. This article suggests that strengthening forward linkages by facilitating the supply of intermediate inputs from multinational firms and improving productivity, capital-to-labour ratio, and governance capability could help Vietnamese firms produce more sophisticated goods.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 25-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2237178
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2237178
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# input file: CPCE_A_2237211_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Justice Gameli Djokoto
Author-X-Name-First: Justice Gameli
Author-X-Name-Last: Djokoto
Author-Name: Eglantina Hysa
Author-X-Name-First: Eglantina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hysa
Author-Name: Egla Mansi
Author-X-Name-First: Egla
Author-X-Name-Last: Mansi
Title: Foreign divestment and domestic investment in Eastern European countries
Abstract: 
 Divestment is an inevitable decision by businesses including multinationals. Its implication for domestic investment has not been investigated especially in Eastern European countries. We used data on 23 Eastern European countries from 1991 to 2019 to assess the effect of outward and inward foreign direct divestment on domestic investment. We found that both outward foreign direct investment and inward foreign direct investment as well as their corresponding divestments crowd out domestic investment. The impact of outward foreign direct investment and its divestment crowd out domestic investment more than the crowding out effect of inward foreign direct investment and its divestment. The results of this study call for efforts to attract and retain inward foreign direct investment. These should build the respective Eastern European economies to an extent that the outward foreign direct investment and their divestment will not impact domestic investment as much as has been found.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 90-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2237211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2237211
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# input file: CPCE_A_2246628_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Zafar Nazarov
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Nazarov
Author-Name: Aziz Goziev
Author-X-Name-First: Aziz
Author-X-Name-Last: Goziev
Title: Property ownership and firm performance: firm-level analysis of post-communist economies
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the relationship between property ownership and firm performance in transition economies. The adoption of market-oriented institutions across transition economies after the collapse of the Berlin Wall was not uniform. Our empirical work confirms substantial differences in the propensity of property ownership and firm performance across transitional economies because of institutional heterogeneities. We identify two types of post-communist economies: the countries with solid market-based institutions (Eastern European economies) that were able to reap the benefits of property ownership leading to increased profitability and productivity and the nations with weak institutions (Commonwealth of Independent States) where the principal association of interest is not consistent with conceptual predictions. Our empirical analysis shows that institutional differences, specifically a higher risk of capital expropriation, may force firms in the CIS to avoid capital ownership, limiting firms’ ability to exploit the positive benefits of capital ownership on firm profitability and productivity.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2246628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2246628
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# input file: CPCE_A_2262670_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Dung Kieu Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Dung Kieu
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Thi Bich Tran
Author-X-Name-First: Thi Bich
Author-X-Name-Last: Tran
Author-Name: Mai Thi Xuan Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Mai Thi Xuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Anh Thi Mai Pham
Author-X-Name-First: Anh Thi Mai
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham
Title: Trade unions and workers’ welfare in Vietnam
Abstract: 
 The role of trade unions in the labour market is currently a hot topic in Vietnam as there is a plan to transition from a single state-led union system to a new system that allows the participation of some types of independent unions. This study provides the first evidence on the links between union coverage and workers’ welfare utilising a Vietnamese national representative dataset. An instrument variable technique is applied for estimation. Using cross-sectional data, the study finds that union coverage negatively affects both sexes in terms of earnings and labour supply while positively affecting their participation in social insurance. However, the effects disappear for women in terms of earnings and for both sexes in terms of labour supply when investigating the non-state sector. The study also shows some important results using panel data.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 147-173
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2262670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2262670
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# input file: CPCE_A_2262672_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Xinxin Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Xinxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Social trust and risky financial market participation: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 The Chinese government has promoted the development of risky financial markets under the market-oriented reform period. Meanwhile, social trust has changed with institutional transitions. This study investigates the influence of social trust on risky financial market participation in China based on the national longitudinal data of 2014–2018. It also estimates the effects of social trust by education, age, urban/rural hukou resident groups, and periods. The empirical results indicate that social trust positively affects the probability of holding risky financial assets and their shares. However, these effects turn insignificant when accounting for unobservable individual heterogeneity. The positive effect of social trust is more pronounced among the younger generation, highly educated groups, women, and urban hukou residents compared to their counterparts. Additionally, the positive impact of social trust is observed to be stronger in the period following the 2015 stock market crash shock than in the period before 2015.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 174-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2262672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2262672
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# input file: CPCE_A_2263215_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Kadri Männasoo
Author-X-Name-First: Kadri
Author-X-Name-Last: Männasoo
Author-Name: Miina Hõbenael
Author-X-Name-First: Miina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hõbenael
Author-Name: Svetlana Ridala
Author-X-Name-First: Svetlana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ridala
Title: Language skills and unemployment: post-Soviet bilingualism in Latvia
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the relationship between the unemployment of working-age men with their skills in the local languages, Russian and Latvian, and in English, the most spoken foreign language in Latvia. To determine who benefits and from which language skills in the labour market, the analysis uses data from the Eurostat Adult Education Survey (AES 2016) and the Baltic Institute of Social Sciences Language Survey (BISS 2008). The results show an inverse link between language skills and unemployment for Latvians and Russian speakers, but more so for the latter. English skills benefit the older Latvian workers without a tertiary degree, while for Russians the benefits are greater and more general. Latvian skills benefit the younger tertiary-educated Russian speakers. For Latvians, the link between Russian-language skills and unemployment remains inconclusive. The analysis considers the bilingual context and the measurement bias of self-reported language skills.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 222-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2263215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2263215
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# input file: CPCE_A_2262688_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Nikola Šubová
Author-X-Name-First: Nikola
Author-X-Name-Last: Šubová
Author-Name: Ján Buleca
Author-X-Name-First: Ján
Author-X-Name-Last: Buleca
Author-Name: Ermanno Affuso
Author-X-Name-First: Ermanno
Author-X-Name-Last: Affuso
Author-Name: Franklin G. Mixon
Author-X-Name-First: Franklin G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mixon
Title: The link between household savings rates and GDP: evidence from the Visegrád group
Abstract: 
 During the past two decades, two global events highlighted the importance of household savings to economies and individuals, and their relation to economic activity and growth. First, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 reminded the world that household savings are essential for economic recovery and sustainable economic development. Second, the recent COVID-19 pandemic showed how vulnerable household savings are to various external shocks. This paper investigates the relationship between household savings rates and real GDP in the four countries of the Visegrád Group, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, for the period 1996–2021. Our empirical analyses indicate short-run Granger causality from real GDP to household savings rates, and from household savings rates to real GDP, in both the Czech Republic and Hungary. Additionally, we also report significant long-run relationships between household savings rates and real GDP, particularly in Hungary .
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 197-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2262688
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2262688
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# input file: CPCE_A_2273694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Péter Ákos Bod
Author-X-Name-First: Péter Ákos
Author-X-Name-Last: Bod
Title: Return of activist state in a former transition star: the curious case of Hungary
Abstract: 
 European governments have become more active in economic affairs since the great financial crisis of 2008; the Covid-19 epidemic and Russia’s war in Ukraine have triggered a variety of government interventions. What is less obvious is the increased non-customary state activism in the form of ‘patriotic economic policy’ in EU periphery, particularly in Hungary, in and out of crisis times. The successive Hungarian governments under PMV. Orbán have systematically eroded checks and balances in order to enlarge their room of manoeuvre while practicing a self-styled illiberal, pro-sovereignty policy. The paper revisits the earlier development phases of the Hungarian transformation, trying to identify antecedents to the later Hungarian backsliding in market competition and liberal democratic order. Aspects of state capacity, size and composition of the state sector, and key policy directions are investigated in order to make sense of the differing transformation paths in Europe’s eastern periphery with a focus on Hungary, a onetime space setter in the transition process. Populism seems to be a misnomer for Orbanism which might be better understood as “cronyism with a cause”: government budgetary measures are self-serving but they also attempt at rebuilding the state. The paper concludes with an overview of possibly outcomes.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 262-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2273694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2273694
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# input file: CPCE_A_2262626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Jan Pavel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pavel
Author-Name: Jana Tepperová
Author-X-Name-First: Jana
Author-X-Name-Last: Tepperová
Author-Name: Markéta Arltová
Author-X-Name-First: Markéta
Author-X-Name-Last: Arltová
Title: Windfall revenues and structural balance in the Czech Republic
Abstract: 
 Analysis of the structural balance is a crucial element for assessing the character of fiscal policy. However, this approach entails potential shortcomings, where some tax revenues may be affected by the development of variables other than the economic cycle. This can lead to skewed assessments of the fiscal effort because of the existence of windfall revenues/losses. We address this issue and identify windfall revenues in the Czech Republic. First, we calculate the elasticities of individual taxes on relevant macroeconomic variables. Then we test these variables for sensitivity to the economic cycle. The absence of such sensitivity suggests the possibility of windfall revenue. Further, we quantify the volume of the windfall revenue for 2007–2019. We found that the development of the rental market is the main factor influencing windfall revenue in the Czech Republic. The windfall revenue range is around 0.15% of GDP per year.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 127-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 02
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2262626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2262626
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# input file: CPCE_A_2288737_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Paweł Kropiński
Author-X-Name-First: Paweł
Author-X-Name-Last: Kropiński
Title: Uncertainty in Central and Eastern European markets. Evidence from Twitter-based uncertainty measures
Abstract: 
 PurposeIncreasing uncertainty has frequently been associated with alterations in investor behaviour in scientific discourse. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) despite generating 10% of the EU’s GDP, has largely been overlooked in investigations into the relationship between socialmedia uncertainty and its impact on the stock markets. The purpose of this article is to examine the dependence between the largest stock indices of the CEE markets and Twitter uncertainty measures.Design/methodology/approachThe Vector Autoregressive (VAR) methodology, specifically bivariate Granger causality is applied to investigate the relationship between social media messages and market behaviour reflected in returns of the main stock indices for Croatian CROBEX, Czech PX, Hungarian BUX, Polish WIG and Romanian BET indices.FindingsThe author discovers substantial evidence indicating that the CEE region exhibits heterogeneity concerning its relationship with uncertainty in stock markets, with measures related to recession, political events, and natural disasters being of utmost relevance.Originality/value­While the VAR model and Granger causality have been studied in relation to many markets, there is a lack of studies on the effect of Twitter-based wider spectrum of uncertainty measures on the CEE region. Twitter-based uncertainty measures on the CEE region represent a significant knowledge gap, that when addressed, could offer valuable insight into the region’s financial dynamics, thus potentially affecting hedging strategies, enhancing investor’s awareness and informing policy-making decisions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 382-403
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2288737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2288737
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# input file: CPCE_A_2287757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: M. Ishaq Bhatti
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ishaq
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhatti
Author-Name: Nicolas Hamelin
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamelin
Author-Name: Temurbek Saidov
Author-X-Name-First: Temurbek
Author-X-Name-Last: Saidov
Title: What drives the hidden side of Uzbekistan’s shadow economy?
Abstract: 
 This study examines factors influencing Uzbekistan’s shadow economy rate, with a focus on GDP, corruption index, tax rate (TR), and the unemployment rate. Using a quantitative approach, we analyse secondary data to test our research hypotheses. The results indicate positive correlations between GDP and corruption index with the shadow economy rate, while tax and unemployment rates exhibit negative correlations. An expansionary fiscal policy contributes to the positive GDP-shadow economy correlation, while corruption motivates participation in the informal sector. Conversely, changes in tax law discourage formal sector involvement, leading to a negative correlation. Similarly, the unemployment rate negatively correlates due to partial income reporting for tax evasion. Our study provides original insights into the drivers of Uzbekistan’s shadow economy, which can inform policymakers when addressing this issue. Paper emphasises the impact of fiscal policy, corruption, taxation, and unemployment on shadow economy growth, aiding informed policy decisions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 281-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2287757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2287757
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# input file: CPCE_A_2287767_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Paulina Lenik
Author-X-Name-First: Paulina
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenik
Title: A thickened demand for populism: comparison of voters’ attitudes in CEE and Western Europe
Abstract: 
 Central and Eastern European (CEE) public has the lowest level of political trust in the EU, is sceptical about democracy, is more open to welfarism, but not to gender equality. The article presents evidence for a difference in demand for populism between the West and CEE, with the following findings. Populist voters in CEE have a higher level of trust in their political representatives and actively participate in political rallies, despite a tendency to refrain from following political news. The anti-immigration sentiment is less determinant, while the pro-welfarist stance exerts a stronger influence on the populist vote in the CEE than in the West. Hence, in contrast to the post-austerity, reactionary nature of populism in the West, populism in CEE is more solidified due to the legacies of communism and the transition.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 321-359
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2287767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2287767
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# input file: CPCE_A_2287769_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Haiyan Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Author-Name: Boqun Lyu
Author-X-Name-First: Boqun
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyu
Author-Name: Zhiyang Shen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen
Author-Name: Michael Vardanyan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Vardanyan
Title: Research and development expenditures, technology spillovers, and green productivity in agriculture: an empirical analysis
Abstract: 
 We study the relationship between technology spillovers from trade, domestic research and development (R&D) spending, and the growth in green total factor productivity within the agricultural sector. An empirical illustration is provided using a sample of 48 countries involved in China’s Belt and Road Initiative from 2000 to 2019. Our findings highlight the important role of agricultural imports as a positive driving force behind green productivity growth, while the impact of domestic R&D expenditures on agricultural productivity lacks statistical significance in our sample. Furthermore, we find that trade-related technological spillovers drive environmentally sustainable agricultural growth in economically developed nations, but this effect is weaker in developing countries. Conversely, greater domestic investment in agricultural research and development programs helps promote green productivity growth in relatively rich countries, but its influence diminishes in middle-income and developing countries. Lastly, a positive impact of importing vegetable and edible oil products on productivity is observed.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 360-381
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2287769
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2287769
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# input file: CPCE_A_2287764_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Viktória Endrődi-Kovács
Author-X-Name-First: Viktória
Author-X-Name-Last: Endrődi-Kovács
Author-Name: Vivien Czeczeli
Author-X-Name-First: Vivien
Author-X-Name-Last: Czeczeli
Author-Name: Gábor Kutasi
Author-X-Name-First: Gábor
Author-X-Name-Last: Kutasi
Title: Drivers of household saving in East Central European countries. A push and pull model perspective
Abstract: 
 There is no consensus in the economics theory about the determinants of household saving. The article composes vector error correction (VEC) models to identify the determinants of household saving in the East Central European countries from 2005–2020. Its novelty is that it identifies push and pull factors in accordance with the Keynesian and neoclassical theories whose mixed approach has not been included in the methodology of relevant papers in relation with East Central European countries. The examined countries are indicated to be homogenous from macroeconomic perspective. Results confirm that household saving increases because of decreases in consumer confidence, unemployment, and inflation rates. Increases in the deposit rate and real house price index are related to these pull factors, while decreases in the official share index correlates withincreases in household saving. Results can serve as guidelines for policy makers about incentives which stimulate household saving most effectively in the region.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 298-320
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2023.2287764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2023.2287764
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# input file: CPCE_A_2324223_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Stephen Fortescue
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortescue
Title: The reorientation of Russia’s trade corridors since the invasion of Ukraine
Abstract: 
 The invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought urgency to Russia’s reorienting of its key international trade corridors. Shifts in trade flows had been developing for some time before the invasion, in particular the ‘turn to the East’ of 2012. But they have been more dramatic since the invasion. The article describes these new developments, covering trade in all directions: the ports of the north-west, in circumstances of a dramatic decline in trade with Europe; the Northern Sea Route; the overtaxed East, including the Eastern rail network (the polygon), the ports of the Russian Far East, and the land border with China; and southern routes, through Turkey and Iran, that have suddenly received new importance. Although not a full-blown policy analysis, the article makes some points relevant to our understanding of the Russian policy process, in particular the relevance of commercial considerations in a policy area with national security implications, the role of Putin as alternatively a decisive and diffident leader, and the place of bureaucratic politics, including the role within it of official and business champions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 405-431
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2324223
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2324223
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# input file: CPCE_A_2306377_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: K. Duan
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Author-Name: P. Ivanov
Author-X-Name-First: P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanov
Author-Name: R. A. Werner
Author-X-Name-First: R. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Werner
Title: The rise of the red dragon: the non-binary political economy of decentralised public banks
Abstract: 
 This article scrutinises China’s unexpected economic ascent as an industrial dynamo despite an underdeveloped institutional framework, driven by a fusion of the Currency and Banking School arguments. Our discourse focuses on the reorganisation of endogenous money in post-Communist China, which significantly fortified the domestic economy. We employ a two-tiered framework, firstly linking the Currency vs. Banking School debate to the crucial role of domestic bank credit creation in economic development. Subsequently, we anchor this within the context of the post-Mao reforms, illustrating how ‘inside money’ is deployed in a top-down manner to real industry via a bottom-up and decentralised organisational design. The emergent Chinese political economy is in our view defined by the amalgamation of neo-statist and neo-liberal credit market policies. We detail the transformative effect of evolving domestic commercial banking trends, thereby shaping a distinctive post-Communist society.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 464-481
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2306377
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2306377
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:4:p:464-481



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# input file: CPCE_A_2323834_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Oliver Kovacs
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Kovacs
Author-Name: Endre Domonkos
Author-X-Name-First: Endre
Author-X-Name-Last: Domonkos
Title: Deindustrialisation and reindustrialisation patterns in V4 countries – industry 4.0 as a way forward?
Abstract: 
 This contribution aims at: (i) mapping the deindustrialisation and reindustrialisation tendencies over the economic history of the Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, henceforth, V4) since 1918 to 2022 by creating a cadastre of applied policy measures and evaluating their effectiveness; (ii) exploring whether the economic mentality of V4 countries allows current reindustrialisation policies to be effectively geared towards Industry 4.0? In order to understand the key features of industrialisation process in the V4s, a broad literature overview places emphasis on the economic characteristics of the region. It is also important to analyse the correlation between industrial policy in the XXth century and the new tendencies at the turn of the millennium by examining whether the current industrial policy mixes are serving economic resilience or grounding critical instability as a form of middle-income trap. Finally, it draws lessons for general- and V4-specific industrial policy in time of Industry 4.0.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 432-463
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2323834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2323834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:4:p:432-463



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# input file: CPCE_A_2306424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Barbara Frey
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Frey
Author-Name: Bruno Škrinjarić
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Škrinjarić
Author-Name: Jelena Budak
Author-X-Name-First: Jelena
Author-X-Name-Last: Budak
Title: Private sector perspective on corruption and informality: a comparative analysis of Serbia and Croatia
Abstract: 
 Corruption and informality in business are research topics that have previously received less attention among scholars, especially in Southeast Europe. To fill this gap, and to bring some clarity to the phenomena of corruption and informality in the private sector, this article addresses the extent and manifestations of corrupt and informal practices in business in two post-socialist countries of ex-Yugoslavia, Serbia and Croatia. Analysis is performed on primary data from surveys of businesspeople in both countries, with the main aim of revealing their understanding and acceptance of illicit practices and determinants of businesspeople informal behaviour in the SME sector. The acceptance of four types of informal practices, namely: treating, giving and receiving gifts, networks, and favouring, is modelled using Probit estimation technique. The results reveal that the corrupt behaviour of businesspeople in two observed countries is related to their acceptance of informal practices. Additionally, the manifestations of these practices in real business-to-business and business-to-government relations are shown.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 506-526
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2306424
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2306424
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:4:p:506-526



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# input file: CPCE_A_2306423_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Andrea Éltető
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Éltető
Author-Name: József Péter Martin
Author-X-Name-First: József Péter
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Title: Captured institutions and permeated business – the longevity of Hungarian autocracy
Abstract: 
 The aim of the article is to show how modern autocracies can distort traditional institutions’ principles of functioning and form state–business relations for their own benefit. Our case study is Hungary, an autocratic system within a democratic union, where the economic conditions have worsened in the past couple of years. Based on documentary evidence, data and interviews, we demonstrate how the regime’s longevity depends on three main factors: alternative institutional arrangements, perceived individual economic welfare and support of business actors. The tools to handle foreign investors and control domestic business are different but creative and effective and can result in a long-term conciliation of different players and the stabilisation of the ruling power even in case of economic difficulties.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 482-505
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2306423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2306423
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:4:p:482-505

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# input file: CPCE_A_2325787_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Julian Cooper
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooper
Title: The machine tool industry of Russia at a time of war and sanctions
Abstract: 
 The article is devoted to an analysis of the development of the Russian machine tool industry before and after Russia’ invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. It reviews the history of the industry in the USSR, its collapse in the 1990s and stabilisation in the early 2000s. Prior to Russian’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the imposition of sanctions by Western countries the government had already adopted policies to secure a revival of the industry on a more independent basis and some success was achieved. After 2014 the government’s efforts to restore the industry intensified and the scale of output of metal cutting machine tools steadily increased. However, there was still a significant dependence on imports, especially of the most advanced types of equipment. After the start of the war in 2022 sanctions were rapidly intensified and more countries participated. Quite rapidly, imports from Western countries were replaced by imports from China and other non-sanctioning countries. The development of the domestic industry received new priority and output increased. By the end of 2023 the situation had to some extent stabilised. Notwithstanding sanctions, the Russian defence industry has been able to acquire the machine tools it needs, although not always of the highest quality.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 527-561
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2325787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2325787
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# input file: CPCE_A_2323318_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Zhonglu Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhonglu
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Wenjiao Men
Author-X-Name-First: Wenjiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Men
Author-Name: Shuguang He
Author-X-Name-First: Shuguang
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Haibo Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Haibo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Green credit policy and enterprise carbon performance: evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Exploring enterprise carbon performance (ECP) via green capital allocation is important for achieving the dual carbon goal. In this article, the impact of the green credit policy (GCP) on ECP is empirically examined using a difference-in-differences model. The results show that GCP significantly improves ECP, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Low-carbon technology and carbon information disclosure are central transmission mechanisms that are positively adjusted by green consumption, environmental regulation, and marketisation degree. Furthermore, state-owned and declining enterprises are affected more strongly by GCP than non-state-owned, growing, and mature enterprises. The impact of GCP on ECP increases over the enterprise life cycle.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 562-581
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2323318
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2323318
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# input file: CPCE_A_2323328_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jin Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Yuwei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Jingjing Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Jingjing
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Title: Foreign-owned enterprises, government subsidies, and unrelated diversification of manufacturing in Chinese cities
Abstract: 
 Previous research proposes that extra-regional linkages and non-firm actors might generate unrelated diversification. This article contributes to the field by testing the role of government subsidies in moderating the relationship between foreign-owned enterprises and unrelated diversification of manufacturing in Chinese cities. Using high-dimensional fixed-effect models for panel data in 1999–2012, this article finds that foreign-owned enterprises promote the development of unrelated new industries, and government subsidies strengthen the promotive effect. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the moderating role of government subsidies is significant for enterprises of the western countries, but is insignificant for enterprises from China’s Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan regions, and that the promotive effect of foreign-owned enterprises is significant in East China, but insignificant in Central and West China. These findings highlight the role of foreign-owned enterprises and local governments in shaping unrelated diversification in developing countries.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 612-630
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2323328
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2323328
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# input file: CPCE_A_2323763_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Vitor Gabriel
Author-X-Name-First: Vitor
Author-X-Name-Last: Gabriel
Author-Name: Andreia Dionísio
Author-X-Name-First: Andreia
Author-X-Name-Last: Dionísio
Author-Name: Dora Almeida
Author-X-Name-First: Dora
Author-X-Name-Last: Almeida
Author-Name: Paulo Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Title: From wars to waves: geopolitical risks and environmental investment behaviour
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on sustainable investments, focusing on five global environmental indices and two global GPR indices. Using Corrected Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (cDCC-GARCH) model and Diebold and Yilmaz’s spillover analysis, we use daily data from January 2009 to October 2022, covering various market phases, including the European sovereign debt crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. Results from the cDCC-GARCH model reveal high dynamic conditional correlations. During periods of high volatility, environmental indices displayed simultaneous and more intense responses, limiting investment diversification alternatives when considering only the environmental side. Diebold and Yilmaz’s static analysis demonstrates that environmental segments are more influenced by systemic shocks than specific causes, with GPR’s influence proving relatively weak. In the dynamic analysis, the spillover effects of GPR in environmental segments intensified during the pandemic crisis and the invasion of Ukraine, affecting market conditions.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 631-658
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2323763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2323763
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:5:p:631-658



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# input file: CPCE_A_2323322_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Nathalie Benesova
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Benesova
Author-Name: John Anchor
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Anchor
Title: Trust and corruption in the Czech Republic: evidence from a new generation of managers
Abstract: 
 Transition in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since 1989 has received much attention from various academic disciplines. However, the relationship between trust and corruption in the CEE context remains largely unaddressed. Therefore, we explore trust and corruption in the context of the Czech Republic via interviews with a group of new generation managers, who gained their business experience after the 1989 Velvet Revolution. We inquire about the nature of trust and corruption, and their relationship, in contemporary Czech society and business. The analysis highlights that the previously theorised dynamics between trust and corruption, often attributed to the low levels of social capital, may in fact be symptomatic of deeper issues. We find suspicion, pessimism, cynicism, and apathy, stemming from the country’s history, as the cause. However, hope is provided by the prospect of generational change and exposure to more transparent agents and environments in both societal and business terms.
Journal: Post-Communist Economies
Pages: 582-611
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2024
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2024.2323322
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14631377.2024.2323322
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:pocoec:v:36:y:2024:i:5:p:582-611